From 456895f9ce8fedb40a77bac37f890ca9d4714407 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: MjSeven <33125422+MjSeven@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Apr 2018 23:48:15 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] Delete 20180401 9 Useful touch command examples in
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diff --git a/sources/tech/20180401 9 Useful touch command examples in Linux.md b/sources/tech/20180401 9 Useful touch command examples in Linux.md
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-Translating by MjSeven
-
-
-9 Useful touch command examples in Linux
-======
-Touch command is used to create empty files and also changes the timestamps of existing files on Unix & Linux System. Changing timestamps here means updating the access and modification time of files and directories.
-
-[![touch-command-examples-linux][1]![touch-command-examples-linux][2]][2]
-
-Let’s have a look on the syntax and options used in touch command,
-
-**Syntax** : # touch {options} {file}
-
-Options used in touch command,
-
-![touch-command-options][1]
-
-![touch-command-options][3]
-
-In this article we will walk through 9 useful touch command examples in Linux,
-
-### Example:1 Create an empty file using touch
-
-To create an empty file using touch command on Linux systems, type touch followed by the file name, example is shown below,
-```
-[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch devops.txt
-[root@linuxtechi ~]# ls -l devops.txt
--rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Mar 29 22:39 devops.txt
-[root@linuxtechi ~]#
-
-```
-
-### Example:2 Create empty files in bulk using touch
-
-There can be some scenario where we have to create lots of empty files for some testing, this can be easily achieved using touch command,
-```
-[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch sysadm-{1..20}.txt
-
-```
-
-In the above example we have created 20 empty files with name sysadm-1.txt to sysadm-20.txt, you can change the name and numbers based on your requirements.
-
-### Example:3 Change / Update access time of a file and directory
-
-Let’s assume we want to change access time of a file called “ **devops.txt** “, to do this use ‘ **-a** ‘ option in touch command followed by file name, example is shown below,
-```
-[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch -a devops.txt
-[root@linuxtechi ~]#
-
-```
-
-Now verify whether access time of a file has been updated or not using ‘stat’ command
-```
-[root@linuxtechi ~]# stat devops.txt
-  File: ‘devops.txt’
-  Size: 0               Blocks: 0          IO Block: 4096   regular empty file
-Device: fd00h/64768d    Inode: 67324178    Links: 1
-Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: (    0/    root)   Gid: (    0/    root)
-Context: unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0
-Access: 2018-03-29 23:03:10.902000000 -0400
-Modify: 2018-03-29 22:39:29.365000000 -0400
-Change: 2018-03-29 23:03:10.902000000 -0400
- Birth: -
-[root@linuxtechi ~]#
-
-```
-
-**Change access time of a directory** ,
-
-Let’s assume we have a ‘nfsshare’ folder under /mnt, Let’s change the access time of this folder using the below command,
-```
-[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch -m /mnt/nfsshare/
-[root@linuxtechi ~]#
-
-[root@linuxtechi ~]# stat /mnt/nfsshare/
-  File: ‘/mnt/nfsshare/’
-  Size: 6               Blocks: 0          IO Block: 4096   directory
-Device: fd00h/64768d    Inode: 2258        Links: 2
-Access: (0755/drwxr-xr-x)  Uid: (    0/    root)   Gid: (    0/    root)
-Context: unconfined_u:object_r:mnt_t:s0
-Access: 2018-03-29 23:34:38.095000000 -0400
-Modify: 2018-03-03 10:42:45.194000000 -0500
-Change: 2018-03-29 23:34:38.095000000 -0400
- Birth: -
-[root@linuxtechi ~]#
-
-```
-
-### Example:4 Change Access time without creating new file
-
-There can be some situations where we want to change access time of a file if it exists and avoid creating the file. Using ‘ **-c** ‘ option in touch command, we can change access time of a file if it exists and will not a create a file, if it doesn’t exist.
-```
-[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch -c sysadm-20.txt
-[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch -c winadm-20.txt
-[root@linuxtechi ~]# ls -l winadm-20.txt
-ls: cannot access winadm-20.txt: No such file or directory
-[root@linuxtechi ~]#
-
-```
-
-### Example:5 Change Modification time of a file and directory
-
-Using ‘ **-m** ‘ option in touch command, we can change the modification time of a file and directory,
-
-Let’s change the modification time of a file called “devops.txt”,
-```
-[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch -m devops.txt
-[root@linuxtechi ~]#
-
-```
-
-Now verify whether modification time has been changed or not using stat command,
-```
-[root@linuxtechi ~]# stat devops.txt
-  File: ‘devops.txt’
-  Size: 0               Blocks: 0          IO Block: 4096   regular empty file
-Device: fd00h/64768d    Inode: 67324178    Links: 1
-Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: (    0/    root)   Gid: (    0/    root)
-Context: unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0
-Access: 2018-03-29 23:03:10.902000000 -0400
-Modify: 2018-03-29 23:59:49.106000000 -0400
-Change: 2018-03-29 23:59:49.106000000 -0400
- Birth: -
-[root@linuxtechi ~]#
-
-```
-
-Similarly, we can change modification time of a directory,
-```
-[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch -m /mnt/nfsshare/
-[root@linuxtechi ~]#
-
-```
-
-### Example:6 Changing access and modification time in one go
-
-Use “ **-am** ” option in touch command to change the access and modification together or in one go, example is shown below,
-```
-[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch -am devops.txt
-[root@linuxtechi ~]#
-
-```
-
-Cross verify the access and modification time using stat,
-```
-[root@linuxtechi ~]# stat devops.txt
-  File: ‘devops.txt’
-  Size: 0               Blocks: 0          IO Block: 4096   regular empty file
-Device: fd00h/64768d    Inode: 67324178    Links: 1
-Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: (    0/    root)   Gid: (    0/    root)
-Context: unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0
-Access: 2018-03-30 00:06:20.145000000 -0400
-Modify: 2018-03-30 00:06:20.145000000 -0400
-Change: 2018-03-30 00:06:20.145000000 -0400
- Birth: -
-[root@linuxtechi ~]#
-
-```
-
-### Example:7 Set the Access & modification time to a specific date and time
-
-Whenever we do change access and modification time of a file & directory using touch command, then it set the current time as access & modification time of that file or directory,
-
-Let’s assume we want to set specific date and time as access & modification time of a file, this is can be achieved using ‘-c’ & ‘-t’ option in touch command,
-
-Date and Time can be specified in the format: {CCYY}MMDDhhmm.ss
-
-Where:
-
-  * CC – First two digits of a year
-  * YY – Second two digits of a year
-  * MM – Month of the Year (01-12)
-  * DD – Day of the Month (01-31)
-  * hh – Hour of the day (00-23)
-  * mm – Minutes of the hour (00-59)
-
-
-
-Let’s set the access & modification time of devops.txt file for future date and time( 2025 year, 10th Month, 19th day of month, 18th hours and 20th minute)
-```
-[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch -c -t 202510191820 devops.txt
-
-```
-
-Use stat command to view the update access & modification time,
-
-![stat-command-output-linux][1]
-
-![stat-command-output-linux][4]
-
-Set the Access and Modification time based on date string, Use ‘-d’ option in touch command and then specify the date string followed by the file name, example is shown below,
-```
-[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch -c -d "2010-02-07 20:15:12.000000000 +0530" sysadm-29.txt
-[root@linuxtechi ~]#
-
-```
-
-Verify the status using stat command,
-```
-[root@linuxtechi ~]# stat sysadm-20.txt
-  File: ‘sysadm-20.txt’
-  Size: 0               Blocks: 0          IO Block: 4096   regular empty file
-Device: fd00h/64768d    Inode: 67324189    Links: 1
-Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: (    0/    root)   Gid: (    0/    root)
-Context: unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0
-Access: 2010-02-07 20:15:12.000000000 +0530
-Modify: 2010-02-07 20:15:12.000000000 +0530
-Change: 2018-03-30 10:23:31.584000000 +0530
- Birth: -
-[root@linuxtechi ~]#
-
-```
-
-**Note:** In above commands, if we don’t specify ‘-c’ then touch command will create a new file in case it doesn’t exist on the system and will set the timestamps whatever is mentioned in the command.
-
-### Example:8 Set the timestamps to a file using a reference file (-r)
-
-In touch command we can use a reference file for setting the timestamps of file or directory. Let’s assume I want to set the same timestamps of file “sysadm-20.txt” on “devops.txt” file. This can be easily achieved using ‘-r’ option in touch.
-
-**Syntax:** # touch -r {reference-file} actual-file
-```
-[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch -r sysadm-20.txt devops.txt
-[root@linuxtechi ~]#
-
-```
-
-### Example:9 Change Access & Modification time on symbolic link file
-
-By default, whenever we try to change timestamps of a symbolic link file using touch command then it will change the timestamps of original file only, In case you want to change timestamps of a symbolic link file then this can be achieved using ‘-h’ option in touch command,
-
-**Syntax:** # touch -h {symbolic link file}
-```
-[root@linuxtechi opt]# ls -l /root/linuxgeeks.txt
-lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Mar 30 10:56 /root/linuxgeeks.txt -> linuxadmins.txt
-[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch -t 203010191820 -h linuxgeeks.txt
-[root@linuxtechi ~]# ls -l linuxgeeks.txt
-lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Oct 19  2030 linuxgeeks.txt -> linuxadmins.txt
-[root@linuxtechi ~]#
-
-```
-
-That’s all from this tutorial, I hope these examples help you to understand touch command. Please do share your valuable feedback and comments.
-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-via: https://www.linuxtechi.com/9-useful-touch-command-examples-linux/
-
-作者：[Pradeep Kumar][a]
-译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
-校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
-
-本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
-
-[a]:https://www.linuxtechi.com/author/pradeep/
-[1]:https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/plugins/lazy-load/images/1x1.trans.gif
-[2]:https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/touch-command-examples-linux.jpg
-[3]:https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/touch-command-options.jpg
-[4]:https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/stat-command-output-linux.jpg

From eb0aaeb87c3fe09292ef588213325cc9bc85dbde Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: MjSeven <33125422+MjSeven@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Apr 2018 23:48:45 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] Create 20180401 9 Useful touch command examples in
 Linux.md

---
 ... Useful touch command examples in Linux.md | 245 ++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 245 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 translated/tech/20180401 9 Useful touch command examples in Linux.md

diff --git a/translated/tech/20180401 9 Useful touch command examples in Linux.md b/translated/tech/20180401 9 Useful touch command examples in Linux.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..34aab2d024
--- /dev/null
+++ b/translated/tech/20180401 9 Useful touch command examples in Linux.md	
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+在 Linux 下 9 个有用的 touch 命令示例
+=====
+
+touch 命令用于创建空文件，并且更改 Unix 和 Linux 系统上现有文件时间戳。这里更改时间戳意味着更新文件和目录的访问以及修改时间。
+
+[![touch-command-examples-linux][1]![touch-command-examples-linux][2]][2]
+
+让我们来看看 touch 命令的语法和选项：
+
+**语法**： # touch {选项} {文件}
+
+touch 命令中使用的选项：
+
+![touch-command-options][1]
+
+![touch-command-options][3]
+
+在这篇文章中，我们将介绍 Linux 中 9 个有用的 touch 命令示例。
+
+### 示例:1 使用 touch 创建一个空文件
+
+要在 Linux 系统上使用 touch 命令创建空文件，键入 touch，然后输入文件名。如下所示：
+```
+[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch devops.txt
+[root@linuxtechi ~]# ls -l devops.txt
+-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Mar 29 22:39 devops.txt
+[root@linuxtechi ~]#
+
+```
+
+### 示例:2 使用 touch 创建批量空文件
+
+可能会出现一些情况，我们必须为某些测试创建大量空文件，这可以使用 touch 命令轻松实现：
+```
+[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch sysadm-{1..20}.txt
+
+```
+
+在上面的例子中，我们创建了 20 个名为 sysadm-1.txt 到 sysadm-20.txt 的空文件，你可以根据需要更改名称和数字。
+
+### 示例:3 改变/更新文件和目录的访问时间
+
+假设我们想要改变名为 **devops.txt** 文件的访问时间，在 touch 命令中使用 **-a** 选项，然后输入文件名。如下所示：
+```
+[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch -a devops.txt
+[root@linuxtechi ~]#
+
+```
+
+现在使用 `stat` 命令验证文件的访问时间是否已更新：
+```
+[root@linuxtechi ~]# stat devops.txt
+  File: ‘devops.txt’
+  Size: 0               Blocks: 0          IO Block: 4096   regular empty file
+Device: fd00h/64768d    Inode: 67324178    Links: 1
+Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: (    0/    root)   Gid: (    0/    root)
+Context: unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0
+Access: 2018-03-29 23:03:10.902000000 -0400
+Modify: 2018-03-29 22:39:29.365000000 -0400
+Change: 2018-03-29 23:03:10.902000000 -0400
+ Birth: -
+[root@linuxtechi ~]#
+
+```
+
+**改变目录的访问时间**
+
+假设我们在 /mnt 目录下有一个 ‘nfsshare’ 文件夹，让我们用下面的命令改变这个文件夹的访问时间：
+```
+[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch -m /mnt/nfsshare/
+[root@linuxtechi ~]#
+
+[root@linuxtechi ~]# stat /mnt/nfsshare/
+  File: ‘/mnt/nfsshare/’
+  Size: 6               Blocks: 0          IO Block: 4096   directory
+Device: fd00h/64768d    Inode: 2258        Links: 2
+Access: (0755/drwxr-xr-x)  Uid: (    0/    root)   Gid: (    0/    root)
+Context: unconfined_u:object_r:mnt_t:s0
+Access: 2018-03-29 23:34:38.095000000 -0400
+Modify: 2018-03-03 10:42:45.194000000 -0500
+Change: 2018-03-29 23:34:38.095000000 -0400
+ Birth: -
+[root@linuxtechi ~]#
+
+```
+
+### 示例:4 更改访问时间而不用创建新文件
+
+在某些情况下，如果文件存在，我们希望更改文件的访问时间，并避免创建文件。在 touch 命令中使用 **-c** 选项即可，如果文件存在，那么我们可以改变文件的访问时间，如果不存在，我们也可不会创建它。
+```
+[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch -c sysadm-20.txt
+[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch -c winadm-20.txt
+[root@linuxtechi ~]# ls -l winadm-20.txt
+ls: cannot access winadm-20.txt: No such file or directory
+[root@linuxtechi ~]#
+
+```
+
+### 示例:5 更改文件和目录的修改时间
+
+在 touch 命令中使用 **-m** 选项，我们可以更改文件和目录的修改时间。
+
+让我们更改名为 “devops.txt” 文件的更改时间：
+```
+[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch -m devops.txt
+[root@linuxtechi ~]#
+
+```
+
+现在使用 stat 命令来验证修改时间是否改变：
+```
+[root@linuxtechi ~]# stat devops.txt
+  File: ‘devops.txt’
+  Size: 0               Blocks: 0          IO Block: 4096   regular empty file
+Device: fd00h/64768d    Inode: 67324178    Links: 1
+Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: (    0/    root)   Gid: (    0/    root)
+Context: unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0
+Access: 2018-03-29 23:03:10.902000000 -0400
+Modify: 2018-03-29 23:59:49.106000000 -0400
+Change: 2018-03-29 23:59:49.106000000 -0400
+ Birth: -
+[root@linuxtechi ~]#
+
+```
+
+同样的，我们可以改变一个目录的修改时间：
+```
+[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch -m /mnt/nfsshare/
+[root@linuxtechi ~]#
+
+```
+
+使用 stat 交叉验证访问和修改时间：
+```
+[root@linuxtechi ~]# stat devops.txt
+  File: ‘devops.txt’
+  Size: 0               Blocks: 0          IO Block: 4096   regular empty file
+Device: fd00h/64768d    Inode: 67324178    Links: 1
+Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: (    0/    root)   Gid: (    0/    root)
+Context: unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0
+Access: 2018-03-30 00:06:20.145000000 -0400
+Modify: 2018-03-30 00:06:20.145000000 -0400
+Change: 2018-03-30 00:06:20.145000000 -0400
+ Birth: -
+[root@linuxtechi ~]#
+
+```
+
+### 示例:7 将访问和修改时间设置为特定的日期和时间
+
+每当我们使用 touch 命令更改文件和目录的访问和修改时间时，它将当前时间设置为该文件或目录的访问和修改时间。
+
+假设我们想要将特定的日期和时间设置为文件的访问和修改时间，这可以使用 touch 命令中的 ‘-c’ 和 ‘-t’ 选项来实现。
+
+日期和时间可以使用以下格式指定：{CCYY}MMDDhhmm.ss
+
+其中：
+
+  * CC – 年份的前两位数字
+  * YY – 年份的后两位数字
+  * MM – 月份 (01-12)
+  * DD – 天 (01-31)
+  * hh – 小时 (00-23)
+  * mm – 分钟 (00-59)
+
+让我们将 devops.txt file 文件的访问和修改时间设置为未来的一个时间( 2025 年, 10 月, 19 日, 18 时 20 分)。
+```
+[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch -c -t 202510191820 devops.txt
+
+```
+
+使用 stat 命令查看更新访问和修改时间：
+
+![stat-command-output-linux][1]
+
+![stat-command-output-linux][4]
+
+根据日期字符串设置访问和修改时间，在 touch 命令中使用 ‘-d’ 选项，然后指定日期字符串，后面跟文件名。如下所示：
+```
+[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch -c -d "2010-02-07 20:15:12.000000000 +0530" sysadm-29.txt
+[root@linuxtechi ~]#
+
+```
+
+使用 stat 命令验证文件的状态：
+```
+[root@linuxtechi ~]# stat sysadm-20.txt
+  File: ‘sysadm-20.txt’
+  Size: 0               Blocks: 0          IO Block: 4096   regular empty file
+Device: fd00h/64768d    Inode: 67324189    Links: 1
+Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: (    0/    root)   Gid: (    0/    root)
+Context: unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0
+Access: 2010-02-07 20:15:12.000000000 +0530
+Modify: 2010-02-07 20:15:12.000000000 +0530
+Change: 2018-03-30 10:23:31.584000000 +0530
+ Birth: -
+[root@linuxtechi ~]#
+
+```
+
+**注意：**在上述命令中，如果我们不指定 ‘-c’，那么 touch 命令将创建一个新文件以防系统中存在该文件，并将时间戳设置为命令中给出的。
+
+### 示例:8 使用参考文件设置时间戳（-r）
+
+在 touch 命令中，我们可以使用参考文件来设置文件或目录的时间戳。假设我想在 “devops.txt” 文件上设置与文件 “sysadm-20.txt” 文件相同的时间戳，touch 命令中使用 ‘-r’ 选项可以轻松实现。
+
+**语法：**# touch -r {参考文件} 真正文件
+```
+[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch -r sysadm-20.txt devops.txt
+[root@linuxtechi ~]#
+
+```
+
+### 示例:9 在符号链接文件上更改访问和修改时间
+
+默认情况下，每当我们尝试使用 touch 命令更改符号链接文件的时间戳时，它只会更改原始文件的时间戳。如果你想更改符号链接文件的时间戳，则可以使用 touch 命令中的 ‘-h’ 选项来实现。
+
+**语法：** # touch -h {符号链接文件}
+```
+[root@linuxtechi opt]# ls -l /root/linuxgeeks.txt
+lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Mar 30 10:56 /root/linuxgeeks.txt -> linuxadmins.txt
+[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch -t 203010191820 -h linuxgeeks.txt
+[root@linuxtechi ~]# ls -l linuxgeeks.txt
+lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Oct 19  2030 linuxgeeks.txt -> linuxadmins.txt
+[root@linuxtechi ~]#
+
+```
+
+这就是本教程的全部了。我希望这些例子能帮助你理解 touch 命令。请分享你的宝贵意见和评论。
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://www.linuxtechi.com/9-useful-touch-command-examples-linux/
+
+作者：[Pradeep Kumar][a]
+译者：[MjSeven](https://github.com/MjSeven)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]:https://www.linuxtechi.com/author/pradeep/
+[1]:https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/plugins/lazy-load/images/1x1.trans.gif
+[2]:https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/touch-command-examples-linux.jpg
+[3]:https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/touch-command-options.jpg
+[4]:https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/stat-command-output-linux.jpg