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20180401 9 Useful touch command examples in Linux.md 翻译完毕
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在 Linux 下 9 个有用的 touch 命令示例
=====
9 Useful touch command examples in Linux
======
Touch command is used to create empty files and also changes the timestamps of existing files on Unix & Linux System. Changing timestamps here means updating the access and modification time of files and directories.
touch 命令用于创建空文件，并且更改 Unix 和 Linux 系统上现有文件时间戳。这里更改时间戳意味着更新文件和目录的访问以及修改时间。
[![touch-command-examples-linux][1]![touch-command-examples-linux][2]][2]
Let’s have a look on the syntax and options used in touch command,
让我们来看看 touch 命令的语法和选项：
**Syntax** : # touch {options} {file}
**语法**： # touch {选项} {文件}
Options used in touch command,
touch 命令中使用的选项：
![touch-command-options][1]
![touch-command-options][3]
In this article we will walk through 9 useful touch command examples in Linux,
在这篇文章中，我们将介绍 Linux 中 9 个有用的 touch 命令示例。
### Example:1 Create an empty file using touch
### 示例:1 使用 touch 创建一个空文件
To create an empty file using touch command on Linux systems, type touch followed by the file name, example is shown below,
要在 Linux 系统上使用 touch 命令创建空文件，键入 touch，然后输入文件名。如下所示：
```
[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch devops.txt
[root@linuxtechi ~]# ls -l devops.txt
@ -30,26 +28,26 @@ To create an empty file using touch command on Linux systems, type touch followe
```
### Example:2 Create empty files in bulk using touch
### 示例:2 使用 touch 创建批量空文件
There can be some scenario where we have to create lots of empty files for some testing, this can be easily achieved using touch command,
可能会出现一些情况，我们必须为某些测试创建大量空文件，这可以使用 touch 命令轻松实现：
```
[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch sysadm-{1..20}.txt
```
In the above example we have created 20 empty files with name sysadm-1.txt to sysadm-20.txt, you can change the name and numbers based on your requirements.
在上面的例子中，我们创建了 20 个名为 sysadm-1.txt 到 sysadm-20.txt 的空文件，你可以根据需要更改名称和数字。
### Example:3 Change / Update access time of a file and directory
### 示例:3 改变/更新文件和目录的访问时间
Let’s assume we want to change access time of a file called “ **devops.txt** “, to do this use ‘ **-a** ‘ option in touch command followed by file name, example is shown below,
假设我们想要改变名为 **devops.txt** 文件的访问时间，在 touch 命令中使用 **-a** 选项，然后输入文件名。如下所示：
```
[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch -a devops.txt
[root@linuxtechi ~]#
```
Now verify whether access time of a file has been updated or not using ‘stat’ command
现在使用 `stat` 命令验证文件的访问时间是否已更新：
```
[root@linuxtechi ~]# stat devops.txt
  File: ‘devops.txt’
@ -65,9 +63,9 @@ Change: 2018-03-29 23:03:10.902000000 -0400
```
**Change access time of a directory** ,
**改变目录的访问时间**
Let’s assume we have a ‘nfsshare’ folder under /mnt, Let’s change the access time of this folder using the below command,
假设我们在 /mnt 目录下有一个 ‘nfsshare’ 文件夹，让我们用下面的命令改变这个文件夹的访问时间：
```
[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch -m /mnt/nfsshare/
[root@linuxtechi ~]#
@ -86,9 +84,9 @@ Change: 2018-03-29 23:34:38.095000000 -0400
```
### Example:4 Change Access time without creating new file
### 示例:4 更改访问时间而不用创建新文件
There can be some situations where we want to change access time of a file if it exists and avoid creating the file. Using ‘ **-c** ‘ option in touch command, we can change access time of a file if it exists and will not a create a file, if it doesn’t exist.
在某些情况下，如果文件存在，我们希望更改文件的访问时间，并避免创建文件。在 touch 命令中使用 **-c** 选项即可，如果文件存在，那么我们可以改变文件的访问时间，如果不存在，我们也可不会创建它。
```
[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch -c sysadm-20.txt
[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch -c winadm-20.txt
@ -98,18 +96,18 @@ ls: cannot access winadm-20.txt: No such file or directory
```
### Example:5 Change Modification time of a file and directory
### 示例:5 更改文件和目录的修改时间
Using ‘ **-m** ‘ option in touch command, we can change the modification time of a file and directory,
在 touch 命令中使用 **-m** 选项，我们可以更改文件和目录的修改时间。
Let’s change the modification time of a file called “devops.txt”,
让我们更改名为 “devops.txt” 文件的更改时间：
```
[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch -m devops.txt
[root@linuxtechi ~]#
```
Now verify whether modification time has been changed or not using stat command,
现在使用 stat 命令来验证修改时间是否改变：
```
[root@linuxtechi ~]# stat devops.txt
  File: ‘devops.txt’
@ -125,23 +123,14 @@ Change: 2018-03-29 23:59:49.106000000 -0400
```
Similarly, we can change modification time of a directory,
同样的，我们可以改变一个目录的修改时间：
```
[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch -m /mnt/nfsshare/
[root@linuxtechi ~]#
```
### Example:6 Changing access and modification time in one go
Use “ **-am** ” option in touch command to change the access and modification together or in one go, example is shown below,
```
[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch -am devops.txt
[root@linuxtechi ~]#
```
Cross verify the access and modification time using stat,
使用 stat 交叉验证访问和修改时间：
```
[root@linuxtechi ~]# stat devops.txt
  File: ‘devops.txt’
@ -157,45 +146,43 @@ Change: 2018-03-30 00:06:20.145000000 -0400
```
### Example:7 Set the Access & modification time to a specific date and time
### 示例:7 将访问和修改时间设置为特定的日期和时间
Whenever we do change access and modification time of a file & directory using touch command, then it set the current time as access & modification time of that file or directory,
每当我们使用 touch 命令更改文件和目录的访问和修改时间时，它将当前时间设置为该文件或目录的访问和修改时间。
Let’s assume we want to set specific date and time as access & modification time of a file, this is can be achieved using ‘-c’ & ‘-t’ option in touch command,
假设我们想要将特定的日期和时间设置为文件的访问和修改时间，这可以使用 touch 命令中的 ‘-c’ 和 ‘-t’ 选项来实现。
Date and Time can be specified in the format: {CCYY}MMDDhhmm.ss
日期和时间可以使用以下格式指定：{CCYY}MMDDhhmm.ss
Where:
其中：
* CC – First two digits of a year
* YY – Second two digits of a year
* MM – Month of the Year (01-12)
* DD – Day of the Month (01-31)
* hh – Hour of the day (00-23)
* mm – Minutes of the hour (00-59)
* CC – 年份的前两位数字
* YY – 年份的后两位数字
* MM – 月份 (01-12)
* DD – 天 (01-31)
* hh – 小时 (00-23)
* mm – 分钟 (00-59)
Let’s set the access & modification time of devops.txt file for future date and time( 2025 year, 10th Month, 19th day of month, 18th hours and 20th minute)
让我们将 devops.txt file 文件的访问和修改时间设置为未来的一个时间( 2025 年, 10 月, 19 日, 18 时 20 分)。
```
[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch -c -t 202510191820 devops.txt
```
Use stat command to view the update access & modification time,
使用 stat 命令查看更新访问和修改时间：
![stat-command-output-linux][1]
![stat-command-output-linux][4]
Set the Access and Modification time based on date string, Use ‘-d’ option in touch command and then specify the date string followed by the file name, example is shown below,
根据日期字符串设置访问和修改时间，在 touch 命令中使用 ‘-d’ 选项，然后指定日期字符串，后面跟文件名。如下所示：
```
[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch -c -d "2010-02-07 20:15:12.000000000 +0530" sysadm-29.txt
[root@linuxtechi ~]#
```
Verify the status using stat command,
使用 stat 命令验证文件的状态：
```
[root@linuxtechi ~]# stat sysadm-20.txt
  File: ‘sysadm-20.txt’
@ -211,24 +198,24 @@ Change: 2018-03-30 10:23:31.584000000 +0530
```
**Note:** In above commands, if we don’t specify ‘-c’ then touch command will create a new file in case it doesn’t exist on the system and will set the timestamps whatever is mentioned in the command.
**注意：**在上述命令中，如果我们不指定 ‘-c’，那么 touch 命令将创建一个新文件以防系统中存在该文件，并将时间戳设置为命令中给出的。
### Example:8 Set the timestamps to a file using a reference file (-r)
### 示例:8 使用参考文件设置时间戳（-r）
In touch command we can use a reference file for setting the timestamps of file or directory. Let’s assume I want to set the same timestamps of file “sysadm-20.txt” on “devops.txt” file. This can be easily achieved using ‘-r’ option in touch.
在 touch 命令中，我们可以使用参考文件来设置文件或目录的时间戳。假设我想在 “devops.txt” 文件上设置与文件 “sysadm-20.txt” 文件相同的时间戳，touch 命令中使用 ‘-r’ 选项可以轻松实现。
**Syntax:** # touch -r {reference-file} actual-file
**语法：**# touch -r {参考文件} 真正文件
```
[root@linuxtechi ~]# touch -r sysadm-20.txt devops.txt
[root@linuxtechi ~]#
```
### Example:9 Change Access & Modification time on symbolic link file
### 示例:9 在符号链接文件上更改访问和修改时间
By default, whenever we try to change timestamps of a symbolic link file using touch command then it will change the timestamps of original file only, In case you want to change timestamps of a symbolic link file then this can be achieved using ‘-h’ option in touch command,
默认情况下，每当我们尝试使用 touch 命令更改符号链接文件的时间戳时，它只会更改原始文件的时间戳。如果你想更改符号链接文件的时间戳，则可以使用 touch 命令中的 ‘-h’ 选项来实现。
**Syntax:** # touch -h {symbolic link file}
**语法：** # touch -h {符号链接文件}
```
[root@linuxtechi opt]# ls -l /root/linuxgeeks.txt
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Mar 30 10:56 /root/linuxgeeks.txt -> linuxadmins.txt
@ -239,14 +226,14 @@ lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Oct 19  2030 linuxgeeks.txt -> linuxadmins.txt
```
That’s all from this tutorial, I hope these examples help you to understand touch command. Please do share your valuable feedback and comments.
这就是本教程的全部了。我希望这些例子能帮助你理解 touch 命令。请分享你的宝贵意见和评论。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.linuxtechi.com/9-useful-touch-command-examples-linux/
作者：[Pradeep Kumar][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
译者：[MjSeven](https://github.com/MjSeven)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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