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[#]: subject: (Open Source Supply Chain: A Matter of Trust)
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[#]: via: (https://www.linux.com/articles/open-source-supply-chain-a-matter-of-trust/)
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[#]: author: (Swapnil Bhartiya https://www.linux.com/author/swapnil/)
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Open Source Supply Chain: A Matter of Trust
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======
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[![][1]][2]
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_**Co-authored by Curtis Franklin, Jr**_
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Open source software is often considered safer and more secure than proprietary software because users can, if they want, compile the software from the source code. They know the source of the code running in their environment. Every component that they are running in their environment can be audited and the developer held accountable.
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However, users and vendors are moving away from complexity that comes with total control and embracing convenience and ease of use.
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“I am often taken aback when I see a talk around security and privacy and then the presenter runs the ‘docker run’ command to install and run some random binary downloaded from the internet,” said [Dirk Hohndel, Vice-President and Chief Open Source Officer at VMware.][3] “Those two things seem to be a little bit at odds with each other.”
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The software supply chain — the process that takes an application from coding through packaging and distribution to its ultimate user — is complicated. If done wrong, it could be potentially risky, especially for open source software. A malevolent player can get access to the backend and start inserting any random binary code onto a user’s system without that user’s knowledge or control.
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It’s not a problem specific to the cloud-native world. It can be seen in modern app development environments, including JavaScript, npm, PyPI, RubyGems, and so on. Even Homebrew on Mac used to be provided through source code that a user would compile themselves.
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“Today, you just download the binary and install it, hoping that it’s built from the same source code that you have access to,” said Hohndel. “As an industry, we need to pay more attention to our supply chain. It’s something that is extremely important to me and that I’m trying to get more people interested in it.”
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It’s not simply a binary versus source code equation, though. There are huge advantages to just running a binary instead of having to build everything from sources. It allows developers to be more flexible and more responsive in their turnaround. They can cycle very quickly through new development and product releases by reusing some binaries.
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“It would be nice if there was a way to sign these binaries and have an ‘on-the-fly’ verification mechanism so users know they can trust these,” said Hohndel.
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Linux distributions have solved this problem as the distributions act as gatekeepers who check the integrity of packages that go into supported repositories.
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“Packages offered through distributions like Debian are signed with a key. It takes a lot of work to ensure that this is really the software that should be in the distribution. They have solved the supply chain problem,” said Hohndel.
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But even on Linux distribution, people want to simplify things and trade correctness and security for speed. There are now projects like AppImage, Snap and Flatpack that have adopted the binary route, bringing the trust issue to Linux distributions. It’s the same problem of docker containers all over again.
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“The ideal solution would be to find a way for us as a community to devise a system of trust which ensures that if a binary was signed with a key that is in the network of trust, it can be trusted and provides us with the ability to reliably go back to the sources and do an audit,” suggested Hohndel.
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However, all this additional steps incur costs that most projects are either unwilling or unable to afford. Some projects are trying to find ways around the problem. NPM, for example, has begun to encourage those submitting packages to properly authenticate and secure their accounts to improve trustworthiness on the platform.
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**Open Source Community Is Good At Solving Problems**
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Hohndel is involved with many efforts to solve the open source supply chain problem and is spreading awareness about it. Last year, [VMware acquired Bitnami,][4] which is a great place for curating open source applications that are signed by VMware.
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“We are talking with upstream open source communities in various ecosystems to raise awareness about it. We are also discussing technical solutions that will make it easier for these communities to solve the underlying problems,” said Hohndel.
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The open source community has historically been diligent at ensuring software quality, including the mechanisms for security and privacy. Still, Hohndel says, “The biggest concern that I have is that, in the excitement about the next new thing, we often ignore the underlying engineering discipline that we really need.”
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Ultimately, Hohndel feels that answer will come from the open source community itself. “Open source is an engineering methodology and it’s a social experiment. Open source is all about people trusting each other, working with each other, collaborating across borders, between companies, amongst competitors in ways that we didn’t do before,” he explains.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.linux.com/articles/open-source-supply-chain-a-matter-of-trust/
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作者：[Swapnil Bhartiya][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.linux.com/author/swapnil/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.linux.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/hand-1137978_1920-1068x801.jpg (hand-1137978_1920)
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[2]: https://www.linux.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/hand-1137978_1920.jpg
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[3]: https://www.swapnilbhartiya.com/open-source-leaders-dirk-hohndel-brings-open-source-to-vmware/
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[4]: https://techcrunch.com/2019/05/15/vmware-acquires-bitnami-to-deliver-packaged-applications-anywhere/
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (Kevin3599)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Open Source Supply Chain: A Matter of Trust)
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[#]: via: (https://www.linux.com/articles/open-source-supply-chain-a-matter-of-trust/)
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[#]: author: (Swapnil Bhartiya https://www.linux.com/author/swapnil/)
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开源供应链：一个有关信任的问题
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======
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[![][1]][2]
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_**Co-authored by Curtis Franklin, Jr**_
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开源软件相比于商业性软件，通常是被认为更加安全的，因为用户可以编译软件的源代码开发者们知道在他们的开发环境中运行的代码。在他们的环境中运行的代码每个部分都可以被审查，也可以追溯每段代码的开发者。
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然而，用户和开发商们正在逐渐远离这样对软件的完全控制带来的复杂性，而在转而追求软件的便捷和易用。
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VMware副总裁兼首席开源官Dirk Hohndel表示:“当我看到一个有关网络安全和隐私的演讲，然后演讲者运行‘docker run’命令来安装和运行从互联网上随机下载的二进制文件时，我感到大吃一惊。”“这两件事似乎有点不协调。”他说到。
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软件供应链——应用程序从编码、打包、分发到最终用户的过程是相当复杂的。如果其中有一环出现错误，可能会导致软件存在潜在的风险，特别是对于开源软件。黑客可以访问后端并在用户不知情或不受控的情况下向其插入任何可能的恶意代码。
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这样的问题不单单存在于云计算领域。这样的问题在现代的app开发中很常见，包括JavaScript、npm、PyPI、RubyGems等等。甚至连Mac上的homebrew曾经依赖于用户自行编译的代码。
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Hohndel说:“今天，你只需要下载二进制文件并安装它，并期望其源代码并没有被恶意修改过。”“作为一个行业，我们需要更加关注我们的开源代码供应。这对我来说非常重要，我正努力让更多的人意识到其重要性。”
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然而，这不仅仅是一个二进制与源代码的等式。只运行一个二进制文件，而不必从源代码构建所有东西有着巨大的优势。当软件开发需求发生转变时候，这种运行方式允许开发人员在过程中更加灵活和响应更快。通过重用一些二进制文件，他们可以在新的开发和部署中快速地循环。
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Hohndel 说："如果有办法想这些软件添加签名，并建立一个'即时'验证机制，让用户知道他们可以信任此软件。会是很好的方案。
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Linux的发行版解决了这个问题，因为发行版充当了看门人的角色，负责检查进入受支持存储库的软件包的完整性。
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“像通过Debian等发行版提供的软件包都用密钥签名。要确保它确实是发行版中应包含的软件，需要进行大量工作。开发者们通过这种方式解决了开源供应链问题。”Hohndel说。
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但是，即使在Linux发行版上，人们也希望简化事情，并以正确性和安全性换取速度。现在，诸如AppImage，Snap和Flatpack之类的项目已经采用了二进制搜索路由，从而将开源供应链信任问题带入了Linux发行版。而Docker容器又一次遇到了同样的问题。
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“理想的解决方案是为开源社区找到一种设计信任系统的方法，该系统可以确保如果二进制文件是用受信任网络中的密钥签名的，那么它就可以被信任，并允许我们可靠地返回源头并进行审核，” Hohndel建议。
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但是，所有这些附加步骤都会导致大多数项目产生开发者不愿或无法承担的费用。一些项目正在尝试寻找解决该问题的方法。例如，NPM已开始鼓励提交软件包的用户正确认证和保护其账户安全，以提高平台的可靠性。
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Hohndel致力于解决开源供应链问题，并正试图让更多开发者意识到其重要性。去年，VMware收购了Bitnami，这为管理由VMware所签名的开源软件提供了一个良机。
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“我们正在与各种上游开源社区进行交流，以提高对此的认识。我们还在讨论技术解决方案，这些方案将使这些社区更容易解决潜在的开源供应链问题。” Hohndel说。
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开源社区历来致力于确保软件质量，这其中也包括安全性和隐私性。不过，Hohndel说：“我最担心的是，在对下一个新事物感到兴奋时，我们经常忽略需要的技术。”
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最终，Hohndel认为答案将来自开源社区本身。 “开源是一种工程方法论，是一种社会实验。开源就是人们之间相互信任，相互合作，跨国界，公司之间以及竞争对手之间以我们以前从未有过的方式合作。”他解释说。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.linux.com/articles/open-source-supply-chain-a-matter-of-trust/
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作者：[Swapnil Bhartiya][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[Kevin3599]()
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.linux.com/author/swapnil/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.linux.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/hand-1137978_1920-1068x801.jpg (hand-1137978_1920)
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[2]: https://www.linux.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/hand-1137978_1920.jpg
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[3]: https://www.swapnilbhartiya.com/open-source-leaders-dirk-hohndel-brings-open-source-to-vmware/
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[4]: https://techcrunch.com/2019/05/15/vmware-acquires-bitnami-to-deliver-packaged-applications-anywhere/
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