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published/20140807 This Is What' s New In Linux 3.16.md
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Linux 3.16 内核中有什么新东西？
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================================================================================
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**就在我们在梦乡中沉醉的的时间里，莱纳斯·托沃兹却一直处在忙碌之中。**
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是的，大家应该已经知道了，不久之前，Linux 3.16现在已经释出了稳定版本。
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|
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在他购买的一张跑步机办公桌上（或许不是，但是他的性格中的幽默实在是难以让人招架）Linux的创始人终于[公布][2]了最新的稳定版本:
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|
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> “虽然3.16有一阵看起来有点玄乎，但是后来一切进展顺利，没有理由去做一些额外的候选发布版，就像几个星期前我担心的那样。”
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|
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### Linux 3.16有什么新特性？ ###
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代号为“Shuffling Zombie Juror”的Linux 3.16 的发布伴随着一系列的关键性改进。它们包括了复杂的和完整的 - 例如，“[unified control group hierarchy][3]（注：统一控制组层次结构）” ， 给更多的用户访问权限，如新的和改进的驱动程序。
|
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|
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多亏了[Linux Weekly News][4] 和 [Phoronix][5] 的辛勤工作（还有google在linux内核邮件列表上的出色贡献），我们整理了一些在这个版本中出现的的显着的变化和特性。
|
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|
||||
- 在多个ARM SoC的多平台的ARM内核映像（包括Exynos）
|
||||
- 对Nvidia的Tegra K1和开普勒GPU的各种支持
|
||||
- 诺基亚N900的调制解调器驱动程序包含在主线
|
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- 加入对英特尔Cherryview支持
|
||||
- 改善对SIXAXIS和DUALSHOCK 4控制器的支持
|
||||
- Sony-HID驱动程序的改进
|
||||
- Synaptics触摸板的RMI驱动程序
|
||||
- Saitek RAT7游戏鼠标的修复
|
||||
- 戴尔 FreeFall driver
|
||||
- 对[Btrfs 文件系统][6]的80的改变和修正，
|
||||
- 新的音频驱动程序杂项。Cirrus，瑞昱 和 Analog 设备。
|
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- Tegra的高清音频HDMI 支持
|
||||
|
||||
### 安装Linux 3.16 ###
|
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|
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新的内核发布了，你想要吗？好吧，先别急。 Linux的3.16很有可能在Ubuntu Linux14.10将作为默认内核而在今年晚些时候发布。而14.10版的内核也将不久后通过小版本更新提供给LTS的用户们。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你是一个急性子，**最重要的**是具备足够娴熟的技能，你可以使用在Canonical维护的主线内核档案中列出的相应的安装器 , 在为你的Ubuntu 14.04 LTS上安装Linux 3.16内核。
|
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|
||||
- [访问Ubuntu的内核存档网站][7]
|
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|
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/08/linux-kernel-3-16-changes-drivers
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Joey-Elijah Sneddon][a]
|
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译者：[owen-carter](https://github.com/owen-carter)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://plus.google.com/117485690627814051450/?rel=author
|
||||
[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/07/linus-torvalds-messy-desk-video
|
||||
[2]:https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/8/3/82
|
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[3]:https://lwn.net/Articles/601840/
|
||||
[4]:https://lwn.net/
|
||||
[5]:http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTc1NDM
|
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[6]:http://lkml.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/1406.1/02366.html
|
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[7]:http://kernel.ubuntu.com/
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@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
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owen-carter translating
|
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Red Hat aims to standardize Linux for 64-bit ARM servers
|
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================================================================================
|
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> Red Hat wants Linux for ARM servers to avoid the fragmentation that plagued Unix in decades past
|
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|
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@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
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owen-carter is translating This Is What’s New In Linux 3.16
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**While the rest of us slept in, Linus Torvalds kept busy over the weekend, announcing an all new Linux kernel release.**
|
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|
||||
Linux 3.16 is now stable and out there. Wherever there really is.
|
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|
||||
Typing from [his treadmill desk][1] (or possibly not, but the mental image is too humorous to resist) the Linux founder announced the latest stable release with relief, [explaining][2]:
|
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|
||||
> “While 3.16 looked a bit iffy for a while things cleared up nicely, and there was no reason to do extra release candidates like I feared just a couple of weeks ago.”
|
||||
|
||||
### What’s New In Linux 3.16? ###
|
||||
|
||||
Codenamed ‘Shuffling Zombie Juror’, Linux 3.16 arrives on the scene with a bunch of key improvements in tow. These range from complicated and integral sounding – e.g., ‘[unified control group hierarchy][3]‘ – to the more user-accessible, like new and improved drivers.
|
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|
||||
Thanks to the diligent work by [Linux Weekly News][4] and [Phoronix][5] (plus a good ol’ google on the Linux Kernel Mailing List) we’ve put together a list of some of notable changes featuring in this release.
|
||||
|
||||
- Multi-platform ARM kernel image for multiple ARM SoCs (incl. Exynos)
|
||||
- Various support for Nvidia Tegra K1 and Kepler GPU
|
||||
- Nokia N900 modem driver included in mainline
|
||||
- Initial Intel Cherryview Support
|
||||
- Improvements to Sixaxis and DualShock 4 controller support
|
||||
- Sony-HID driver improvements
|
||||
- RMI driver for Synaptics touchpad
|
||||
- Saitek RAT7 gaming mouse fix
|
||||
- Dell FreeFall driver
|
||||
- 80 changes and fixes to [Btrfs filesystem][6]
|
||||
- New audio drivers for misc. Cirrus, Realtek and Analog devices.
|
||||
- Tegra HD-audio HDMI support
|
||||
|
||||
### Installing Linux 3.16 ###
|
||||
|
||||
It’s out, which means you want it. Well, hold your horses. Linux 3.16 is likely to form the basis of the Ubuntu Linux Kernel in 14.10, which is due later this year. The 14.10 kernel will also be provided to LTS users through a point release update shortly after.
|
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|
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If you’re impatient and — **most importantly** — skilled enough, you can install Linux 3.16 in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS using the corresponding installers for your system listed in the Mainline kernel archive maintained by Canonical.
|
||||
|
||||
- [Visit the Ubuntu Kernel Archive Website][7]
|
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|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/08/linux-kernel-3-16-changes-drivers
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Joey-Elijah Sneddon][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://plus.google.com/117485690627814051450/?rel=author
|
||||
[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/07/linus-torvalds-messy-desk-video
|
||||
[2]:https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/8/3/82
|
||||
[3]:https://lwn.net/Articles/601840/
|
||||
[4]:https://lwn.net/
|
||||
[5]:http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTc1NDM
|
||||
[6]:http://lkml.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/1406.1/02366.html
|
||||
[7]:http://kernel.ubuntu.com/
|
||||
@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[SteveArcher Translating]
|
||||
Little Known Apache Mesos Project Helps Mesosphere Raise $10M From Andreessen Horowitz
|
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================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[Mesosphere][1], the company trying to build a business around the little-known open source [Apache Mesos][2] project, just racked up a $10 million investment from Andreessen Horowitz. Here’s why it attracted that kind of cash.
|
||||
|
||||
Mesos, software for automatic scaling, was in fact built around five years ago and is already in use on more than 50,000 cores at Twitter, according to Florian Leibert, CEO and co-founder of Mesosphere. EBay, AirBnB, Netflix and HubSpot are also fans.
|
||||
|
||||
While those big Web companies have discovered Mesos, the technology isn’t widely known among enterprises. But it could fill a need for companies which are trying to adopt some of the techniques available to them in public clouds on their internal data centers.
|
||||
|
||||
Mesos manages clusters of machines, automatically scaling apps as needed. It requires a small bit of software on each machine – the software uses zero processing power and “negligible” memory, according to Liebert — which coordinates with a master scheduler. The software on each machine reports information about the capacity of the virtual machine or bare metal server to the scheduler, which allocates jobs to available machines.
|
||||
|
||||
“If a task goes down and it doesn’t report back, the master knows to reschedule it and knows where it has resources,” said Matt Trifiro, senior vice president at Mesosphere.
|
||||
|
||||
Mesos can automatically scale a variety of jobs including Hadoop databases, nodes running Ruby on Rails, and Cassandra.
|
||||
|
||||
Using Mesos, Hubspot slashed its Amazon Web Services bill in half, said Liebert. That’s because Mesos efficiently assigns workloads to available machines.
|
||||
|
||||
However, Mesos might be most appealing to businesses that are trying to essentially create an AWS-like environment internally, said Jay Lyman, an analyst at 451 Research. AWS offers some [tools for automatic scaling][3]. But many businesses are still shy about running everything on public cloud infrastructure. At the same time, they don’t want to block their developers from taking advantage of the capabilities available in public clouds like AWS. They’d like to make those capabilities available on their private clouds.
|
||||
|
||||
“You’re seeing the interface of AWS-style strategy meets the old guard and command and control and stability,” he said.
|
||||
|
||||
Mesos can run in both a private cloud and AWS, offering businesses the opportunity to most efficiently use their internal cloud and fallover to AWS when they need to scale.
|
||||
|
||||
Mesos has some shortcomings in that regard, however. It [doesn’t run][4] any Windows or legacy apps like SAP, for instance.
|
||||
|
||||
However, “if a team is contemplating cloud, they’re probably pretty deep into Linux already,” said Lyman.
|
||||
|
||||
In the future, it’s possible Mesosphere could support Windows. Initially, technologies like Puppet and Chef only supported Linux too, Lyman noted. “It speaks to the early nature of Mesosphere. It’s pretty immature right now,” he said.
|
||||
|
||||
Mesosphere is targeting the many enterprises that are building more and more apps running on Linux and modern programming languages as well as the first generation Web 2.0 companies like Twitter and Netflix that didn’t have technology like Mesos when they first launched. “Those are the two most common early adopter profiles,” Trifiro said.
|
||||
|
||||
Before the end of the year, Mesosphere hopes to release commercial products with documentation, earning revenue from support and licensing. It has built a large-scale orchestration tool called Marathon and supports Docker integration. It’s currently offering packaged Mesos distributions for free in hopes of seeding the market.
|
||||
|
||||
Mesosphere is also currently working with a handful of early customers. It helped HubSpot get going with its use of Mesos.
|
||||
|
||||
Mesosphere isn’t alone in going after this use case. Rightscale, Scalr and Enstratius, now owned by Dell, all offer some version of scaling or cloud management technology. Mesosphere argues that Mesos, and the company’s own technologies, go above and beyond what’s on the market to create server clusters that essentially operate as one machine. The new investment from Andreessen could help it gain momentum.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://thenewstack.io/little-known-apache-mesos-project-helps-mesosphere-raise-10m-from-andreessen/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://mesosphere.io/
|
||||
[2]:http://mesos.apache.org/
|
||||
[3]:http://aws.amazon.com/autoscaling/
|
||||
[4]:http://mesosphere.io/learn/
|
||||
@ -1,148 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[su-kaiyao]翻译中
|
||||
|
||||
How to improve your productivity in terminal environment with Tmux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
The introduction of the mouse was a wonderful innovation in making computers more accessible to average people. But for programmers and sysadmins, moving our hands off the keyboard while working on a computer can be distracting.
|
||||
|
||||
As a sysadmin, I spend most of the time working in the terminal environment. Opening tabs and moving around windows through multiple terminals slows me down, and I just can't waste any second when something is going really wrong with my server.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[Tmux][1] is one of those tools that are essential for my daily work. With Tmux, I can create complex development environments, and have SSH connections side by side. I can create multiple windows, split panes, attach and detach sessions, etc. After mastering Tmux, you will throw out your mouse away ( just kidding don't do it :D ).
|
||||
|
||||
Tmux (short for "Terminal Multiplexer") lets us launch multiple terminals in a flexible layout on a single screen, so that we can work with them side by side. For example, on one pane we can edit some config files with Vim, while on the other we are using irssi to chat and on other pane, tailing some logs. Then open another window to update your system, and another to SSH to some servers. Navigating through them is just as easy as creating all these windows and panes. It is perfectly configurable and customizable so it can become an extension of your mind.
|
||||
|
||||
### Install Tmux on Linux/OSX ###
|
||||
|
||||
You can install Tmux by compiling it from sources or via your operating system package manager. I recommend you to use a package manager. It's faster and easier than compiling.
|
||||
|
||||
#### OSX: ####
|
||||
|
||||
# sudo brew install tmux
|
||||
# sudo port install tmux
|
||||
|
||||
#### Debian/Ubuntu: ####
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install tmux
|
||||
|
||||
RHEL/CentOS/Fedora (RHEL/CentOS require [EPEL repo][2]):
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo yum install tmux
|
||||
|
||||
Archlinux:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo pacman -S tmux
|
||||
|
||||
### Working with Different Sessions ###
|
||||
|
||||
The best way to use Tmux is working with sessions, so that you can organize your tasks and applications into different sessions the way you want. If you need to change a session, whatever runs inside the session won't stop or get killed. Let's see how it works.
|
||||
|
||||
Let's start a new session named "session", and run top command in it.
|
||||
|
||||
$ tmux new -s new session
|
||||
$ top
|
||||
|
||||
then type **CTRL-b d** to detach from this session. To re-attach to it:
|
||||
|
||||
$ tmux attach-session -t session
|
||||
|
||||
And you will see top still running in the re-attached session.
|
||||
|
||||
Some commands to manage sessions:
|
||||
|
||||
$ tmux list-session
|
||||
$ tmux new-session <session-name>
|
||||
$ tmux attach-session -t <session-name>
|
||||
$ tmux rename-session -t <session-name>
|
||||
$ tmux choose-session -t <session-name>
|
||||
$ tmux kill-session -t <session-name>
|
||||
|
||||
### Working with Different Windows ###
|
||||
|
||||
Often you will need to run multiple commands and perform different tasks in a session. We can organize all of them on multiple windows in one session. A window can be seen as a tab on modern GUI terminal (such iTerm, or Konsole). After configuring our default environment in a session, we will be able to create as many windows as we would need within the same session. Windows, like our apps running in sessions, persist when we detach from the current session. Let's check out an example:
|
||||
|
||||
$ tmux new -s my_session
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Press **CTRL-b c**
|
||||
|
||||
This will create a new window and move focus into it. Now you can start up another application in the new window. You can write down the name of your current window. In this case I was running top so that's the window's name.
|
||||
|
||||
To rename it just type:
|
||||
**CTRL-b** ,
|
||||
|
||||
The status bar changes to let you rename the current window.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Once we create multiple windows in a session, we need a way to move through them. Windows are organized as an array, so every window has a number starting at 0. To jump quickly to other windows:
|
||||
|
||||
**CTRL-b <window number>**
|
||||
|
||||
If we have named our windows, we can look for them with:
|
||||
|
||||
**CTRL-b f**
|
||||
|
||||
and to list all windows:
|
||||
|
||||
**CTRL-b w**
|
||||
|
||||
and to move to a different window one by one:
|
||||
|
||||
**CTRL-b n** (go to the next window)
|
||||
**CTRL-b p** (go to the previous window)
|
||||
|
||||
To leave a window, just type exit or:
|
||||
|
||||
**CTRL-b &**
|
||||
|
||||
You have to confirm if you want to kill off the window.
|
||||
|
||||
### Splitting a Window into Panes ###
|
||||
|
||||
Sometimes you need to type in your editor and check a log at the same time, and having your editor and tail side by side is really useful. With Tmux, we can divide a window into multiple panes. So for example, we can create a dashboard to monitor our servers and a complex development environment with the editor, the compiler and debugger running together side by side.
|
||||
|
||||
Let's create another Tmux session to work with panes. First let's detach from any Tmux session in case we are in a running session.
|
||||
|
||||
**CTRL-b d**
|
||||
|
||||
Start a new session named "panes".
|
||||
|
||||
$ tmux new -s panes
|
||||
|
||||
You can split a window horizontally or vertically. Let's start horizontally by pressing:
|
||||
|
||||
**CTRL-b** "
|
||||
|
||||
Now you have two new panes. Now vertically by pressing:
|
||||
|
||||
**CTRL-b** %
|
||||
|
||||
and now two more:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
To move through them:
|
||||
|
||||
**CTRL-b <Arrow keys>**
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion ###
|
||||
|
||||
I hope this tutorial has been helpful to you. As a bonus, tools such as [Tmuxinator][3] or [Tmuxifier][4] can streamline the process of creating and loading Tmux sessions, windows and panes, so that you can configure Tmux easily. Check them out if you haven't.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/08/improve-productivity-terminal-environment-tmux.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Christopher Valerio][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/valerio
|
||||
[1]:http://tmux.sourceforge.net/
|
||||
[2]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/03/how-to-set-up-epel-repository-on-centos.html
|
||||
[3]:https://github.com/tmuxinator/tmuxinator
|
||||
[4]:https://github.com/jimeh/tmuxifier
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
|
||||
有人知道 Apache Mesos 项目帮助 Mesosphere 公司从 Andreessen Horowitz 那里筹集了 1000 万美元吗？
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[Mesosphere][1]，一家试图以鲜为人知的 Apache Mesos 项目为中心开展商业活动的公司，刚刚从 Andreessen Horowitz 那里获得了 1000 万美元投资。以下是为什么这个项目能够吸引如此巨款的原因。
|
||||
|
||||
事实上 Mesos 这款自动扩放软件在五年前就开发出来了。据 Mesosphere 的首席执行官及联合创始人 Florian Leibert 所述，Mesos 已经在 Twitter 上被超过 50,000 的核心使用。同时 EBay, AirBnB, Netflix 还有 HubSpot 也是这款软件的使用者。
|
||||
|
||||
当那些互联网巨头发现发现 Mesos 的时候，这项技术却并不为大多数企业所知。但它确实可以满足一些公司试图在公共云采取技术措施，使得他们自己可以访问内部数据中心的需求。
|
||||
|
||||
Mesos 管理集群机器，根据需要自动扩放应用。它在每台机器上只依赖很少的软件 ———— 据 Leibert 所说，其处理器的占用为 0 并且几乎不消耗任何内存 ———— 会与一个主调度程序相协调。在其工作的每台机器上的该软件会向调度程序报告关于虚拟机或者服务器的容量信息，接着调度程序向目标机器分派任务。
|
||||
|
||||
“如果一项任务终断并且没有返回任何结果，在 Mesos 的协助下，管理员将重启该任务并能知道该任务在何处终断，” Mesosphere 的资深副总裁 Matt Trifiro 说。
|
||||
|
||||
Mesos 能自动扩放一系列的工作包括 Hadoop 数据库，Ruby 运行干线上的节点，以及 Cassandra 。
|
||||
|
||||
使用 Mesos 使得 Hubspot 在 AWS(Amazon Web Services) 的账单上削减了一半的支出，Liebert 说道。这是因为 Mesos 能够在目标机器之间有效地分配作业量的原因。
|
||||
|
||||
然而，Mesos 更有可能应用于企业中去，这些企业试图实质地内部创建一个类 AWS 环境，一位来自 451 Research 的分析员 Jay Lyman 说。AWS 提供一些[自动扩放工具][3]。但大多数公司对于在公共云基础设施上运行所有东西还是感到不安。与此同时，他们并不企图阻止他们的开发者采用 AWS 那样的公共云中可用的优异性能。他们希望他们的私有云能集成这些可用的优点。
|
||||
|
||||
“如你所见，AWS 风格的界面风格与守旧主义、命令、操控以及稳定性相融合，” Liebert 继续说道。
|
||||
|
||||
Mesos 既可以在一个私有云上也可以在 AWS 上运行，向企业提供最有效率地使用其内部云的方法，并在需要扩放时自动切换到 AWS 去。
|
||||
|
||||
但是，以某种角度观察 Mesos 也是有一些缺点的。它[并不能运行][4]任何 Windows 操作系统或者比较古老的应用比如说 SAP 软件。
|
||||
|
||||
不过，Lyman 说，“假如一个团队拥有长时期使用云的经历，他们大概早就对 Linux 操作系统情有独钟了。”
|
||||
|
||||
在将来，Mesosphere 能够支持 Windows 操作系统是很有可能的。最初，像 Puppet 和 Chef 这样的技术也只支持 Linux 操作系统，Lyman 表示。“这预示了早期 Mesosphere 的特性。现在它还是不太成熟，” 他又说道。
|
||||
|
||||
Mesosphere 正瞄向大部分构建了与日俱增的运行于 Linux 操作系统的应用的企业，以及使用现代编程语言如同 Twitter 和 Netflix 这类刚成立不久还未具备 Mesos 这种技术的初代 Web 2.0 公司。“这是早期两类最常见的客户概况，” Trifiro 说。
|
||||
|
||||
年终之前，Mesosphere 希望发布包含文档的商务产品，通过技术支持与颁发许可证来获得收入。Mesosphere 已开发一款名为 Marathon 的大规模扩放编制工具，并且支持融入 Docker 中。它现在免费提供打包过的 Mesos 分发，希望以此占有未来的市场。
|
||||
|
||||
Mesosphere 同时也正在为少数早期的顾客工作。它帮助 HubSpot 实施有关 Mesos 的搭建。
|
||||
|
||||
Mesosphere 在这个领域并不唯一。Rightscale，Scalr 以及现在归 Dell 所有的 Enstratius，全都提供了一些扩放或云管理技术的版本实例。Mesosphere 强调说其开发的技术 Mesos 在单独机器中创建服务器集群方面的表现远胜于市场上的其他同类软件。来自 Andreessen 的新投资一定会帮助 Meos 获得新生。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://thenewstack.io/little-known-apache-mesos-project-helps-mesosphere-raise-10m-from-andreessen/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[SteveArcher](https://github.com/SteveArcher) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://mesosphere.io/
|
||||
[2]:http://mesos.apache.org/
|
||||
[3]:http://aws.amazon.com/autoscaling/
|
||||
[4]:http://mesosphere.io/learn/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
|
||||
如何使用Tmux提高终端环境下的生产率
|
||||
===
|
||||
|
||||
鼠标的采用是次精彩的创新，它让电脑更加接近普通人。但从程序员和系统管理员的角度，使用电脑办公时，手一旦离开键盘，就会有些分心
|
||||
|
||||
作为一名系统管理员，我大量的工作都需要在终端环境下。打开很多标签，然后在多个终端之间切换窗口会让我慢下来。而且当我的服务器出问题的时候，我不能浪费任何时间
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[Tmux][1]是我日常工作必要的工具之一。我可以借助Tmux创造出复杂的开发环境，同时还可以在一旁进行SSH远程连接。我可以开出很多窗口，拆分成很多面板，附加和分离会话等等。掌握了Tmux之后，你就可以扔掉鼠标了（只是个玩笑:D）
|
||||
|
||||
Tmux("Terminal Multiplexer"的简称)可以让我们在单个屏幕的灵活布局下开出很多终端，我们就可以协作地使用它们。举个例子，在一个面板中，我们用Vim修改一些配置文件，在另一个面板，我们使用irssi聊天，而在其余的面板，跟踪一些日志。然后，我们还可以打开新的窗口来升级系统，再开一个新窗口来进行服务器的ssh连接。在这些窗口面板间浏览切换和创建它们一样简单。它的高度可配置和可定制的，让其成为你心中的延伸
|
||||
|
||||
### 在Linux/OSX下安装Tmux ###
|
||||
|
||||
你可以通过编译软件源或者通过系统包管理器的方式安装，我建议使用包管理器，这样比编译更快更简单
|
||||
|
||||
#### OSX: ####
|
||||
|
||||
# sudo brew install tmux
|
||||
# sudo port install tmux
|
||||
|
||||
### Debian/Ubuntu ###
|
||||
|
||||
# sudo apt-get install tmux
|
||||
|
||||
RHEL/CentOS/Fedora(RHEL/CentOS 要求 [EPEL repo][2]):
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo yum install tmux
|
||||
|
||||
Archlinux:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo pacman -S tmux
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用不同会话工作 ###
|
||||
|
||||
使用Tmux的最好方式是使用不同的会话，这样你就可以以你想要的方式，将任务和应用组织到不同的会话中。如果你想改变一个会话，会话里面的任何工作都无须停止或者杀掉，让我们来看看这是怎么工作的
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
让我们开始一个叫做"session"的会话，并且运行top命令
|
||||
|
||||
$ tmux new -s new session
|
||||
$ top
|
||||
|
||||
然后输入**CTRL-b d**从此会话脱离，想要重新连接此会话，需输入：
|
||||
|
||||
$ tmux attach-session -t session
|
||||
|
||||
之后你会看到top操作仍然运行在重新连接的会话上
|
||||
|
||||
一些管理sessions的命令：
|
||||
|
||||
$ tmux list-session
|
||||
$ tmux new-session <session-name>
|
||||
$ tmux attach-session -t <session-name>
|
||||
$ tmux rename-session -t <session-name>
|
||||
$ tmux choose-session -t <session-name>
|
||||
$ tmux kill-session -t <session-name>
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用不同的窗口工作
|
||||
|
||||
很多情况下，你需要在一个会话中运行多个命令，并且执行多个任务。我们可以在一个会话的多个窗口里组织他们。在现代化的GUI终端（比如 iTerm或者Konsole），一个窗口被视为一个标签。在会话中配置了我们默认的环境，我们就能够在一个会话中创建许多我们需要的窗口。窗口就像运行在会话中的应用程序，当我们脱离当前会话的时候，它仍在持续，让我们来看一个例子：
|
||||
|
||||
$ tmux new -s my_session
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
按下**CTRL-b c**
|
||||
|
||||
这将会创建一个新的窗口，然后屏幕的光标移向它。现在你就可以在新窗口下运行你的新应用。你可以写下你当前窗口的名字。在目前的案例下，我运行的top程序，所以top就是该窗口的名字
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想要重命名，只需要按下：
|
||||
|
||||
**CTRL-b**
|
||||
|
||||
状态条将会改变，这时你将可以重命名当前的窗口
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
一旦在一个会话中创建多个窗口，我们需要在这些窗口间移动的办法。窗口以数组的形式被组织在一起，每个窗口都有一个从０开始计数的号码，想要快速跳转到其余窗口：
|
||||
|
||||
**CTRL-b <window number>**
|
||||
|
||||
如果我们给窗口起了名字，我们可以使用下面的命令切换：
|
||||
|
||||
**CTRL-b f**
|
||||
|
||||
列出所有窗口：
|
||||
|
||||
**CTRL-b w**
|
||||
|
||||
按照顺序切换到不同的窗口：
|
||||
|
||||
**CTRL-b n**（到达下一个窗口）
|
||||
**CTRL-b p**（到达上一个窗口）
|
||||
|
||||
想要离开一个窗口：
|
||||
|
||||
**CTRL-b &**
|
||||
|
||||
关闭窗口之前，你需要确认一下
|
||||
|
||||
### 把窗口分成许多面板
|
||||
|
||||
有时候你在编辑器工作的同时，需要查看日志文件。编辑的同时追踪日志真的很有帮助。Tmux可以让我们把窗口分成许多面板。举了例子，我们可以创建一个控制台监测我们的服务器，同时拥有一个复杂的编辑器环境，这样就能同时进行编译和debug
|
||||
|
||||
让我们创建另一个Tmux会话，让其以面板的方式工作。首先，如果我们在某个会话中，那就从Tmux会话中脱离出来
|
||||
|
||||
**CTRL-b d**
|
||||
|
||||
开始一个叫做"panes"的新会话
|
||||
|
||||
$ tmux new -s panes
|
||||
|
||||
你可以水平或者竖直分割一个窗口，水平分割输入：
|
||||
|
||||
**CRTL-b "**
|
||||
|
||||
现在你就拥有两个面板，现在我们竖直分割：
|
||||
|
||||
**CRTL-b %**
|
||||
|
||||
又增加了两个
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在他们之间移动：
|
||||
|
||||
**CTRL-b <Arrow keys>**
|
||||
|
||||
### 结论
|
||||
|
||||
我希望这篇教程能对你有作用。作为奖励，像[Tmuxinator][3] 或者 [Tmuxifier][4]这样的工具，可以简化Tmux会话，窗口和面板的创建及加载，你可以很容易就配置Tmux。如果你没有使用过这些，尝试一下吧
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/08/improve-productivity-terminal-environment-tmux.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Christopher Valerio][a]
|
||||
译者：[su-kaiyao](https://github.com/su-kaiyao)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/valerio
|
||||
[1]:http://tmux.sourceforge.net/
|
||||
[2]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/03/how-to-set-up-epel-repository-on-centos.html
|
||||
[3]:https://github.com/tmuxinator/tmuxinator
|
||||
[4]:https://github.com/jimeh/tmuxifier
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user