From b3356a3934ab8392b9ecd62cec2a2cd0946ceee2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DarkSun Date: Sat, 21 Aug 2021 05:04:48 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98[tech]:=2020210820=20Check=20?= =?UTF-8?q?file=20status=20on=20Linux=20with=20the=20stat=20command?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit sources/tech/20210820 Check file status on Linux with the stat command.md --- ...e status on Linux with the stat command.md | 119 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 119 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20210820 Check file status on Linux with the stat command.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20210820 Check file status on Linux with the stat command.md b/sources/tech/20210820 Check file status on Linux with the stat command.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..09c762666a --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20210820 Check file status on Linux with the stat command.md @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ +[#]: subject: "Check file status on Linux with the stat command" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/21/8/linux-stat-file-status" +[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Check file status on Linux with the stat command +====== +All the information you need about any file or file system is just one +Linux command away. +![Hand putting a Linux file folder into a drawer][1] + +The `stat` command, included in the GNU `coreutils` package, provides a variety of metadata, including file size, inode location, access permissions and SELinux context, and creation and modification times, about files and filesystems. It's a convenient way to gather information that you usually need several different commands to acquire. + +### Installing stat on Linux + +On Linux, you probably already have the `stat` command installed because it's part of a core utility package that's generally bundled with Linux distributions by default. + +In the event that you don't have `stat` installed, you can install `coreutils` with your package manager. + +Alternately, you can [compile coreutils from source code][2]. + +### Getting the status of a file + +Running `stat` provides easy to read output about a specific file or directory. + + +``` +$ stat planets.xml +  File: planets.xml +  Size: 325      Blocks: 8     IO Block: 4096   regular file +Device: fd03h/64771d    Inode: 140217      Links: 1 +Access: (0664/-rw-rw-r--)  Uid: (1000/tux)   Gid: (100/users) +Context: unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0 +Access: 2021-08-17 18:26:57.281330711 +1200 +Modify: 2021-08-17 18:26:58.738332799 +1200 +Change: 2021-08-17 18:26:58.738332799 +1200 + Birth: 2021-08-17 18:26:57.281330711 +1200 +``` + +It may be easy to read, but it's still a lot of information. Here's what `stat` is covering: + + * **File**: the file name + * **Size**: the file size in bytes + * **Blocks**: the number of blocks on the hard drive reserved for this file + * **IO Block**: the size of a block of the filesystem + * **regular file**: the type of file (regular file, directory, filesystem) + * **Device**: the device where the file is located + * **Inode**: the inode number where the file is located + * **Links**: the number of links to the file + * **Access, UID, GID**: file permissions, user, and group owner + * **Context**: SELinux context + * **Access, Modify, Change, Birth**: the timestamp of when the file was accessed, modified, changed status, and created + + + +### Terse output + +For people who know the output well, or want to parse the output with other utilities like [awk][3], there's the `--terse` (`-t` for short) option, which formats the output without headings or line breaks. + + +``` +$ stat --terse planets.xml +planets.xml 325 8 81b4 100977 100 fd03 140217 1 0 0 1629181617 1629181618 1629181618 1629181617 4096 unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0 +``` + +### Choosing your own format + +You can define your own format for output using the `--printf` option and a syntax similar to [printf][4]. Each attribute reported by `stat` has a format sequence (`%C` for SELinux context, `%n` for file name, and so on), so you can choose what you want to see in a report. + + +``` +$ stat --printf="%n\n%C\n" planets.xml +planets.xml +unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0 +$ $ stat --printf="Name: %n\nModified: %y\n" planets.xml +Name: planets.xml +Modified: 2021-08-17 18:26:58.738332799 +1200 +``` + +Here are some common format sequences: + + * **%a** access rights + * **%F** file type + * **%n** file name + * **%U** user name + * **%u** user ID + * **%g** group ID + * **%w** time of birth + * **%y** modification time + + + +A full listing of format sequences is available in the `stat` man page and the `coreutils` info pages. + +### File information + +If you've ever tried to parse the output of `ls -l`, then you'll appreciate the flexibility of the `stat` command. You don't always need every bit of the default information that `stat` provides, but the command is invaluable when you do need some or all of it. Whether you read its output in its default format, or you create your own queries, the `stat` command gives you easy access to the data about your data. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/21/8/linux-stat-file-status + +作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/yearbook-haff-rx-linux-file-lead_0.png?itok=-i0NNfDC (Hand putting a Linux file folder into a drawer) +[2]: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/ +[3]: https://opensource.com/article/20/9/awk-ebook +[4]: https://opensource.com/article/20/8/printf