From cc272083c0a4926707316a10c31ec7cfc6a06997 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: darksun Date: Wed, 8 Aug 2018 12:50:06 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98:=20A=20gawk=20script=20to=20?= =?UTF-8?q?convert=20smart=20quotes?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...6 A gawk script to convert smart quotes.md | 238 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 238 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20180806 A gawk script to convert smart quotes.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20180806 A gawk script to convert smart quotes.md b/sources/tech/20180806 A gawk script to convert smart quotes.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..209fd4513b --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20180806 A gawk script to convert smart quotes.md @@ -0,0 +1,238 @@ +A gawk script to convert smart quotes +====== + +![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/osdc_520x292_opensourceprescription.png?itok=gFrc_GTH) + +I manage a personal website and edit the web pages by hand. Since I don't have many pages on my site, this works well for me, letting me "scratch the itch" of getting into the site's code. + +When I updated my website's design recently, I decided to turn all the plain quotes into "smart quotes," or quotes that look like those used in print material: “” instead of "". + +Editing all of the quotes by hand would take too long, so I decided to automate the process of converting the quotes in all of my HTML files. But doing so via a script or program requires some intelligence. The script needs to know when to convert a plain quote to a smart quote, and which quote to use. + +You can use different methods to convert quotes. Greg Pittman wrote a [Python script][1] for fixing smart quotes in text. I wrote mine in GNU [awk][2] (gawk). + +> Get our awk cheat sheet. [Free download][3]. + +To start, I wrote a simple gawk function to evaluate a single character. If that character is a quote, the function determines if it should output a plain quote or a smart quote. The function looks at the previous character; if the previous character is a space, the function outputs a left smart quote. Otherwise, the function outputs a right smart quote. The script does the same for single quotes. +``` +function smartquote (char, prevchar) { + +        # print smart quotes depending on the previous character + +        # otherwise just print the character as-is + + + +        if (prevchar ~ /\s/) { + +                # prev char is a space + +                if (char == "'") { + +                        printf("‘"); + +                } + +                else if (char == "\"") { + +                        printf("“"); + +                } + +                else { + +                        printf("%c", char); + +                } + +        } + +        else { + +                # prev char is not a space + +                if (char == "'") { + +                        printf("’"); + +                } + +                else if (char == "\"") { + +                        printf("”"); + +                } + +                else { + +                        printf("%c", char); + +                } + +        } + +} + +``` + +With that function, the body of the gawk script processes the HTML input file character by character. The script prints all text verbatim when inside an HTML tag (for example, ``. Outside any HTML tags, the script uses the `smartquote()` function to print text. The `smartquote()` function does the work of evaluating when to print plain quotes or smart quotes. +``` +function smartquote (char, prevchar) { + +        ... + +} + + + +BEGIN {htmltag = 0} + + + +{ + +        # for each line, scan one letter at a time: + + + +        linelen = length($0); + + + +        prev = "\n"; + + + +        for (i = 1; i <= linelen; i++) { + +                char = substr($0, i, 1); + + + +                if (char == "<") { + +                        htmltag = 1; + +                } + + + +                if (htmltag == 1) { + +                        printf("%c", char); + +                } + +                else { + +                        smartquote(char, prev); + +                        prev = char; + +                } + + + +                if (char == ">") { + +                        htmltag = 0; + +                } + +        } + + + +        # add trailing newline at end of each line + +        printf ("\n"); + +} + +``` + +Here's an example: +``` +gawk -f quotes.awk test.html > test2.html + +``` + +Sample input: +``` + + + + + + +  Test page + +  + +  + +  + + + + + + 

Website logo

+ + 

"Hi there!"

+ + 

It's and its.

+ + + + + +``` + +Sample output: +``` + + + + + + +  Test page + +  + +  + +  + + + + + + 

Website logo

+ + 

“Hi there!”

+ + 

It’s and its.

+ + + + + +``` + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/18/8/gawk-script-convert-smart-quotes + +作者：[Jim Hall][a] +选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall +[1]:https://opensource.com/article/17/3/python-scribus-smart-quotes +[2]:/downloads/cheat-sheet-awk-features +[3]:https://opensource.com/downloads/cheat-sheet-awk-features