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20170109-2 选题
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Felix Yan
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Hi, in this tutorial we are going to learn how to deploy a golang web application with a docker. You may be already aware of the fact that docker is entirely written in golang due to its high performance and reliability. Before we dive in details, make sure that you have already installed docker and golang and basic understanding of both of them.
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### About docker
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Docker is an open-source program that enables a Linux application bundled with complete dependencies and packaged as container sharing the same kernel of host operating system. On the other hand, the hyper-visor based virtualization OS container like VMware provides a high level of isolation and security since the communication between guest and host is accomplished through hyper-visor as they don't share kernel space. This led to performance overhead due to hardware emulation. So the container virtualization was born that ensures a lightweight virtual environment which groups and isolates a set of processes and resources from the host as well as other containers. Therefor processes inside the container cannot see processes or resources outside the container.
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### Create "Hello World" web apps in GO
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Let us first create a directory for GO apps which will display "Hello World in the browser". Create a web-app directory and make it current directory. Navigate to web-app directory and edit a file by the name "main.go"
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root@demohost:~# mkdir web-app
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root@demohost:~# cd web-app/
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root@demohost:~/web-app# vim.tiny main.go
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package main
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import (
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"fmt"
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"net/http"
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)
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func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
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fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hello %s", r.URL.Path[1:])
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}
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func main() {
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http.HandleFunc("/World", handler)
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http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
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}
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Run the above "Hello World" GO application with the following command. Test it by pointing your favourite browser to http://127.0.0.1:8080/World You will see the "Hello World" message in the browser.
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root@demohost:~/web-app# PORT=8080 go run main.go
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Our next step is to containerize the above application in a docker. Therefore we will create a dockerfile which will tells the docker how to containerize our web-app.
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root@demohost:~/web-app# vim.tiny Dockerfile
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# Get latest golang docker image.
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FROM golang:latest
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# Create a directory inside the container to store our web-app and then make it working directory.
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RUN mkdir -p /go/src/web-app
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WORKDIR /go/src/web-app
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# Copy the web-app directory into the container.
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COPY . /go/src/web-app
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# Download and install third party dependencies into the container.
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RUN go-wrapper download
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RUN go-wrapper install
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# Set the PORT environment variable
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ENV PORT 8080
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# Expose port 8080 to the host so that outer-world can access your application
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EXPOSE 8080
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# Tell Docker what command to run when the container starts
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CMD ["go-wrapper", "run"]
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### Build / Run the container
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Build your GO web-app with the following command, You will get confirmation after successful build.
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root@demohost:~/web-app# docker build --rm -t web-app .
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Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.584 kB
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Step 1 : FROM golang:latest
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latest: Pulling from library/golang
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386a066cd84a: Already exists
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75ea84187083: Pull complete
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88b459c9f665: Pull complete
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a31e17eb9485: Pull complete
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1b272d7ab8a4: Pull complete
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eca636a985c1: Pull complete
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08158782d330: Pull complete
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Digest: sha256:02718aef869a8b00d4a36883c82782b47fc01e774d0ac1afd434934d8ccfee8c
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Status: Downloaded newer image for golang:latest
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---> 9752d71739d2
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Step 2 : RUN mkdir -p /go/src/web-app
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---> Running in 9aef92fff9e8
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---> 49936ff4f50c
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Removing intermediate container 9aef92fff9e8
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Step 3 : WORKDIR /go/src/web-app
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---> Running in 58440a93534c
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---> 0703574296dd
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Removing intermediate container 58440a93534c
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Step 4 : COPY . /go/src/web-app
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---> 82be55bc8e9f
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Removing intermediate container cae309ac7757
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Step 5 : RUN go-wrapper download
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---> Running in 6168e4e96ab1
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+ exec go get -v -d
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---> 59664b190fee
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Removing intermediate container 6168e4e96ab1
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Step 6 : RUN go-wrapper install
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---> Running in e56f093b6f03
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+ exec go install -v
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web-app
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---> 584cd410fdcd
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Removing intermediate container e56f093b6f03
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Step 7 : ENV PORT 8080
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---> Running in 298e2a415819
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---> c87fd2b43977
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Removing intermediate container 298e2a415819
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Step 8 : EXPOSE 8080
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---> Running in 4f639a3790a7
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---> 291167229d6f
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Removing intermediate container 4f639a3790a7
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Step 9 : CMD go-wrapper run
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---> Running in 6cb6bc28e406
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---> b32ca91bdfe0
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Removing intermediate container 6cb6bc28e406
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Successfully built b32ca91bdfe0
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Its time to run our GO web-app, To do that execute the following command.
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root@demohost:~/web-app# docker run -p 8080:8080 --name="test" -d web-app
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7644606b9af28a3ef1befd926f216f3058f500ffad44522c1d4756c576cfa85b
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View your web-apps in http://localhost:8080/World You have successfully containerized a Go web-app which is repeatable/deterministic. Use the following commands to start, stop and check the status of the container.
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List all containers
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root@demohost:~/ docker ps -a
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Start the container using it's id
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root@demohost:~/ docker start CONTAINER_ID_OF_WEB_APP
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Stop the container using it's id
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root@demohost:~/ docker stop CONTAINER_ID_OF_WEB_APP
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### Rebuild docker image
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Lets suppose you are developing a web application and changing the codes. Now to view the result after updating of codes, you need to rebuild the docker image, stop the old image and run the new one and this continues for every time you change the code. To make this process automatic we will use docker volumes to share a directory between host and the container. What it means that you don't have to rebuild images to make changes inside the container. Now how the container will detect if you have made changes to the source code of your web apps ? The answer is there is a nice tool called "Gin" [https://github.com/codegangsta/gin][1] that detects if you have made any changes to the source code, rebuilds the image/binary and run the processes inside the container with new updated codes.
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To make this process automatic, we will edit the Dockerfile and install Gin and execute it as entry command. We will expose the port 3030 ( Gin proxy ) instead of 8080\. Gin proxy will forward traffic to port 8080 of web apps.
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root@demohost:~/web-app# vim.tiny Dockerfile
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# Get latest golang docker image.
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FROM golang:latest
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# Create a directory inside the container to store our web-app and then make it working directory.
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RUN mkdir -p /go/src/web-app
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WORKDIR /go/src/web-app
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# Copy the web-app directory into the container.
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COPY . /go/src/web-app
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# Download and install third party dependencies into the container.
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RUN go get github.com/codegangsta/gin
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RUN go-wrapper download
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RUN go-wrapper install
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# Set the PORT environment variable
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ENV PORT 8080
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# Expose port 8080 to the host so that outer-world can access your application
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EXPOSE 3030
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# Run Gin when the container starts
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CMD gin run
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# Tell Docker what command to run when the container starts
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CMD ["go-wrapper", "run"]
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Now build the image and start the container
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root@demohost:~/web-app# docker build --rm -t web-app .
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We will run the docker with current working directory as root of web-app directory and link CWD to the app directory in the container by exposing port no 3030
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root@demohost:~/web-app# docker run -p 3030:3030 -v `pwd`:/go/src/web-app --name="test" -d web-app
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Point your browser to http://localhost:3030/World , you will be able to view your web apps. Now if you change anything in the code, it will be reflected in the browser once you refresh the browser.
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### Conclusion
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And that’s all, our Go web application is running in Ubuntu 16.04 Docker container! You can extend the current web apps by using a GO framework for rapid development to develop APIs, web apps and back-end services quickly.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linoxide.com/containers/setup-go-docker-deploy-application/
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作者：[Dwijadas Dey][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/dwijadasd/
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[1]:https://github.com/codegangsta/gin
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