From cb482d8dc4e37704c9ac50a7d3c5a6bb6eba1f6b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: hanwckf Date: Tue, 3 Dec 2019 00:03:21 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] translated.1 --- sources/tech/20190827 curl exercises.md | 84 ---------------------- translated/tech/20190827 curl exercises.md | 81 +++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 81 insertions(+), 84 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20190827 curl exercises.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20190827 curl exercises.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20190827 curl exercises.md b/sources/tech/20190827 curl exercises.md deleted file mode 100644 index db2a99986e..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20190827 curl exercises.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,84 +0,0 @@ -[#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: (hanwckf) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) -[#]: subject: (curl exercises) -[#]: via: (https://jvns.ca/blog/2019/08/27/curl-exercises/) -[#]: author: (Julia Evans https://jvns.ca/) - -curl exercises -====== - -Recently I’ve been interested in how people learn things. I was reading Kathy Sierra’s great book [Badass: Making Users Awesome][1]. It talks about the idea of _deliberate practice_. - -The idea is that you find a small micro-skill that can be learned in maybe 3 sessions of 45 minutes, and focus on learning that micro-skill. So, as an exercise, I was trying to think of a computer skill that I thought could be learned in 3 45-minute sessions. - -I thought that making HTTP requests with `curl` might be a skill like that, so here are some curl exercises as an experiment! - -### what’s curl? - -curl is a command line tool for making HTTP requests. I like it because it’s an easy way to test that servers or APIs are doing what I think, but it’s a little confusing at first! - -Here’s a drawing explaining curl’s most important command line arguments (which is page 6 of my [Bite Size Networking][2] zine). You can click to make it bigger. - - - -### fluency is valuable - -With any command line tool, I think having fluency is really helpful. It’s really nice to be able to just type in the thing you need. For example recently I was testing out the Gumroad API and I was able to just type in: - -``` -curl https://api.gumroad.com/v2/sales \ - -d "access_token=" \ - -X GET -d "before=2016-09-03" -``` - -and get things working from the command line. - -### 21 curl exercises - -These exercises are about understanding how to make different kinds of HTTP requests with curl. They’re a little repetitive on purpose. They exercise basically everything I do with curl. - -To keep it simple, we’re going to make a lot of our requests to the same website: . httpbin is a service that accepts HTTP requests and then tells you what request you made. - - 1. Request - 2. Request . httpbin.org/anything will look at the request you made, parse it, and echo back to you what you requested. curl’s default is to make a GET request. - 3. Make a POST request to - 4. Make a GET request to , but this time add some query parameters (set `value=panda`). - 5. Request google’s robots.txt file ([www.google.com/robots.txt][3]) - 6. Make a GET request to and set the header `User-Agent: elephant`. - 7. Make a DELETE request to - 8. Request and also get the response headers - 9. Make a POST request to with the JSON body `{"value": "panda"}` - 10. Make the same POST request as the previous exercise, but set the Content-Type header to `application/json` (because POST requests need to have a content type that matches their body). Look at the `json` field in the response to see the difference from the previous one. - 11. Make a GET request to and set the header `Accept-Encoding: gzip` (what happens? why?) - 12. Put a bunch of a JSON in a file and then make a POST request to with the JSON in that file as the body - 13. Make a request to and set the header ‘Accept: image/png’. Save the output to a PNG file and open the file in an image viewer. Try the same thing with with different `Accept:` headers. - 14. Make a PUT request to - 15. Request , save it to a file, and open that file in your image editor. - 16. Request . You’ll get an empty response. Get curl to show you the response headers too, and try to figure out why the response was empty. - 17. Make any request to and just set some nonsense headers (like `panda: elephant`) - 18. Request and . Request them again and get curl to show the response headers. - 19. Request and set a username and password (with `-u username:password`) - 20. Download the Twitter homepage () in Spanish by setting the `Accept-Language: es-ES` header. - 21. Make a request to the Stripe API with curl. (see for how, they give you a test API key). Try making exactly the same request to . - - - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://jvns.ca/blog/2019/08/27/curl-exercises/ - -作者：[Julia Evans][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://jvns.ca/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://www.amazon.com/Badass-Making-Awesome-Kathy-Sierra/dp/1491919019 -[2]: https://wizardzines.com/zines/bite-size-networking -[3]: http://www.google.com/robots.txt diff --git a/translated/tech/20190827 curl exercises.md b/translated/tech/20190827 curl exercises.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..95f071697b --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20190827 curl exercises.md @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +[#]: collector: (lujun9972) +[#]: translator: (hanwckf) +[#]: reviewer: ( ) +[#]: publisher: ( ) +[#]: url: ( ) +[#]: subject: (curl exercises) +[#]: via: (https://jvns.ca/blog/2019/08/27/curl-exercises/) +[#]: author: (Julia Evans https://jvns.ca/) + +curl 练习 +====== + +最近，我对人们如何学习新事物感兴趣。我正在读 Kathy Sierra 的好书 [Badass: Making Users Awesome][1]，它探讨了有关“刻意练习”的想法。这个想法是，你找到一个可以用三个45分钟课程内能够学会的小技能，并专注于学习这项小技能。因此，作为一项练习，我尝试考虑一项能够在3个45分钟课程内学会的计算机技能。 + +我认为使用 curl 构造 HTTP 请求也许就是这样的一项技能，所以这里有一些curl练习作为实验！ + +### 什么是 curl ? + +curl 是用于构造 HTTP 请求的命令行工具。我喜欢使用 curl ，因为它能够很轻松地测试服务器或API的行为是否符合预期，但是刚开始接触它的时候会让你感到一些困惑！ + +下面是一幅解释 curl 常用命令行参数的漫画 （在我的 [Bite Size Networking][2] 杂志的第6页）。 + + +### 熟能生巧 + +对于任何命令行工具，我认为熟练使用是很有帮助的，能够做到只输入必要的命令真是太好了。例如，最近我在测试 Gumroad API，我只需要输入： + +``` +curl https://api.gumroad.com/v2/sales \ + -d "access_token=" \ + -X GET -d "before=2016-09-03" +``` + +就能从命令行中得到想要的结果。 + +### 21 个 curl 练习 + +这些练习是用来理解如何使用 curl 构造不同种类的 HTTP 请求的，它们是故意重复的，基本上包含了我需要 curl 做的任何事情。 + +为了简单起见，我们将对 https://httpbin.org 发起一系列 HTTP 请求，httpbin 接受 HTTP 请求，然后在响应中回显你所发起的 HTTP 请求。 + + 1. 请求 + 2. 请求 ，httpbin.org/anything 将会解析你发起的请求，并且在响应中回显。curl 默认发起的是 GET 请求 + 3. 向 发起 GET 请求 + 4. 向 发起 GET 请求，但是这次需要添加一些查询参数（设置 `value=panda` ） + 5. 请求 Google 的 robots.txt 文件 ([www.google.com/robots.txt][3]) + 6. 向 发起 GET 请求，并且设置请求头为 `User-Agent: elephant` + 7. 向 发起 DELETE 请求 + 8. 请求 并获取响应头信息 + 9. 向 发起请求体为 JSON `{"value": "panda"}` 的 POST 请求 + 10. 发起与上一次相同的 POST 请求，但是这次要把请求头中的 `Content-Type` 字段设置成 `application/json`（因为 POST 请求需要一个与请求体相匹配的 `Content-Type` 请求头字段）。查看响应体中的 `json` 字段，对比上一次得到的响应体 + 11. 向 发起 GET 请求，并且在请求头中设置 `Accept-Encoding: gzip`（将会发生什么？为什么会这样？） + 12. 将一些 JSON 放在文件中，然后向 发起请求体为该文件的 POST 请求 + 13. 设置请求头为 `Accept: image/png` 并且向 发起请求，将输出保存为 PNG 文件，然后使用图片浏览器打开。尝试使用不同的 `Accept:` 字段去请求此 URL + 14. 向 发起 PUT 请求 + 15. 请求 并保存为文件，然后使用你的图片编辑器打开这个文件 + 16. 请求 ，你将会得到空的响应。让 curl 显示出响应头信息，并尝试找出响应内容为空的原因 + 17. 向 发起任意的请求，同时设置一些无意义的请求头（例如：`panda: elephant`） + 18. 请求 和 ，然后再次请求它们并且让 curl 显示响应头信息 + 19. 请求 并且设置用户名和密码（使用 `-u username:password`） + 20. 设置 `Accept-Language: es-ES` 的请求头用以下载 Twitter 的西班牙语主页 () + 21. 使用 curl 向 Stripe API 发起请求（请查看 了解如何使用，他们会给你一个测试用的 API key）。尝试向 发起相同的请求 + + + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://jvns.ca/blog/2019/08/27/curl-exercises/ + +作者：[Julia Evans][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[hanwckf](https://github.com/hanwckf) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://jvns.ca/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://www.amazon.com/Badass-Making-Awesome-Kathy-Sierra/dp/1491919019 +[2]: https://wizardzines.com/zines/bite-size-networking +[3]: http://www.google.com/robots.txt