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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (hanwckf)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (curl exercises)
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[#]: via: (https://jvns.ca/blog/2019/08/27/curl-exercises/)
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[#]: author: (Julia Evans https://jvns.ca/)
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curl exercises
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======
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Recently I’ve been interested in how people learn things. I was reading Kathy Sierra’s great book [Badass: Making Users Awesome][1]. It talks about the idea of _deliberate practice_.
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The idea is that you find a small micro-skill that can be learned in maybe 3 sessions of 45 minutes, and focus on learning that micro-skill. So, as an exercise, I was trying to think of a computer skill that I thought could be learned in 3 45-minute sessions.
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I thought that making HTTP requests with `curl` might be a skill like that, so here are some curl exercises as an experiment!
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### what’s curl?
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curl is a command line tool for making HTTP requests. I like it because it’s an easy way to test that servers or APIs are doing what I think, but it’s a little confusing at first!
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Here’s a drawing explaining curl’s most important command line arguments (which is page 6 of my [Bite Size Networking][2] zine). You can click to make it bigger.
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<https://jvns.ca/images/curl.jpeg>
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### fluency is valuable
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With any command line tool, I think having fluency is really helpful. It’s really nice to be able to just type in the thing you need. For example recently I was testing out the Gumroad API and I was able to just type in:
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```
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curl https://api.gumroad.com/v2/sales \
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-d "access_token=<SECRET>" \
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-X GET -d "before=2016-09-03"
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```
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and get things working from the command line.
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### 21 curl exercises
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These exercises are about understanding how to make different kinds of HTTP requests with curl. They’re a little repetitive on purpose. They exercise basically everything I do with curl.
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To keep it simple, we’re going to make a lot of our requests to the same website: <https://httpbin.org>. httpbin is a service that accepts HTTP requests and then tells you what request you made.
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1. Request <https://httpbin.org>
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2. Request <https://httpbin.org/anything>. httpbin.org/anything will look at the request you made, parse it, and echo back to you what you requested. curl’s default is to make a GET request.
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3. Make a POST request to <https://httpbin.org/anything>
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4. Make a GET request to <https://httpbin.org/anything>, but this time add some query parameters (set `value=panda`).
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5. Request google’s robots.txt file ([www.google.com/robots.txt][3])
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6. Make a GET request to <https://httpbin.org/anything> and set the header `User-Agent: elephant`.
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7. Make a DELETE request to <https://httpbin.org/anything>
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8. Request <https://httpbin.org/anything> and also get the response headers
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9. Make a POST request to <https://httpbin.com/anything> with the JSON body `{"value": "panda"}`
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10. Make the same POST request as the previous exercise, but set the Content-Type header to `application/json` (because POST requests need to have a content type that matches their body). Look at the `json` field in the response to see the difference from the previous one.
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11. Make a GET request to <https://httpbin.org/anything> and set the header `Accept-Encoding: gzip` (what happens? why?)
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12. Put a bunch of a JSON in a file and then make a POST request to <https://httpbin.org/anything> with the JSON in that file as the body
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13. Make a request to <https://httpbin.org/image> and set the header ‘Accept: image/png’. Save the output to a PNG file and open the file in an image viewer. Try the same thing with with different `Accept:` headers.
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14. Make a PUT request to <https://httpbin.org/anything>
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15. Request <https://httpbin.org/image/jpeg>, save it to a file, and open that file in your image editor.
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16. Request <https://www.twitter.com>. You’ll get an empty response. Get curl to show you the response headers too, and try to figure out why the response was empty.
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17. Make any request to <https://httpbin.org/anything> and just set some nonsense headers (like `panda: elephant`)
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18. Request <https://httpbin.org/status/404> and <https://httpbin.org/status/200>. Request them again and get curl to show the response headers.
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19. Request <https://httpbin.org/anything> and set a username and password (with `-u username:password`)
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20. Download the Twitter homepage (<https://twitter.com>) in Spanish by setting the `Accept-Language: es-ES` header.
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21. Make a request to the Stripe API with curl. (see <https://stripe.com/docs/development> for how, they give you a test API key). Try making exactly the same request to <https://httpbin.org/anything>.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://jvns.ca/blog/2019/08/27/curl-exercises/
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作者：[Julia Evans][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://jvns.ca/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.amazon.com/Badass-Making-Awesome-Kathy-Sierra/dp/1491919019
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[2]: https://wizardzines.com/zines/bite-size-networking
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[3]: http://www.google.com/robots.txt
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81
translated/tech/20190827 curl exercises.md
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81
translated/tech/20190827 curl exercises.md
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (hanwckf)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (curl exercises)
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[#]: via: (https://jvns.ca/blog/2019/08/27/curl-exercises/)
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[#]: author: (Julia Evans https://jvns.ca/)
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curl 练习
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======
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最近，我对人们如何学习新事物感兴趣。我正在读 Kathy Sierra 的好书 [Badass: Making Users Awesome][1]，它探讨了有关“刻意练习”的想法。这个想法是，你找到一个可以用三个45分钟课程内能够学会的小技能，并专注于学习这项小技能。因此，作为一项练习，我尝试考虑一项能够在3个45分钟课程内学会的计算机技能。
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我认为使用 curl 构造 HTTP 请求也许就是这样的一项技能，所以这里有一些curl练习作为实验！
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### 什么是 curl ?
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curl 是用于构造 HTTP 请求的命令行工具。我喜欢使用 curl ，因为它能够很轻松地测试服务器或API的行为是否符合预期，但是刚开始接触它的时候会让你感到一些困惑！
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下面是一幅解释 curl 常用命令行参数的漫画 （在我的 [Bite Size Networking][2] 杂志的第6页）。
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<https://jvns.ca/images/curl.jpeg>
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### 熟能生巧
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对于任何命令行工具，我认为熟练使用是很有帮助的，能够做到只输入必要的命令真是太好了。例如，最近我在测试 Gumroad API，我只需要输入：
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```
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curl https://api.gumroad.com/v2/sales \
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-d "access_token=<SECRET>" \
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-X GET -d "before=2016-09-03"
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```
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就能从命令行中得到想要的结果。
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### 21 个 curl 练习
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这些练习是用来理解如何使用 curl 构造不同种类的 HTTP 请求的，它们是故意重复的，基本上包含了我需要 curl 做的任何事情。
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为了简单起见，我们将对 https://httpbin.org 发起一系列 HTTP 请求，httpbin 接受 HTTP 请求，然后在响应中回显你所发起的 HTTP 请求。
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1. 请求 <https://httpbin.org>
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2. 请求 <https://httpbin.org/anything>，httpbin.org/anything 将会解析你发起的请求，并且在响应中回显。curl 默认发起的是 GET 请求
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3. 向 <https://httpbin.org/anything> 发起 GET 请求
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4. 向 <https://httpbin.org/anything> 发起 GET 请求，但是这次需要添加一些查询参数（设置 `value=panda` ）
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5. 请求 Google 的 robots.txt 文件 ([www.google.com/robots.txt][3])
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6. 向 <https://httpbin.org/anything> 发起 GET 请求，并且设置请求头为 `User-Agent: elephant`
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7. 向 <https://httpbin.org/anything> 发起 DELETE 请求
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8. 请求 <https://httpbin.org/anything> 并获取响应头信息
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9. 向 <https://httpbin.com/anything> 发起请求体为 JSON `{"value": "panda"}` 的 POST 请求
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10. 发起与上一次相同的 POST 请求，但是这次要把请求头中的 `Content-Type` 字段设置成 `application/json`（因为 POST 请求需要一个与请求体相匹配的 `Content-Type` 请求头字段）。查看响应体中的 `json` 字段，对比上一次得到的响应体
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11. 向 <https://httpbin.org/anything> 发起 GET 请求，并且在请求头中设置 `Accept-Encoding: gzip`（将会发生什么？为什么会这样？）
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12. 将一些 JSON 放在文件中，然后向 <https://httpbin.org/anything> 发起请求体为该文件的 POST 请求
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13. 设置请求头为 `Accept: image/png` 并且向 <https://httpbin.org/image> 发起请求，将输出保存为 PNG 文件，然后使用图片浏览器打开。尝试使用不同的 `Accept:` 字段去请求此 URL
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14. 向 <https://httpbin.org/anything> 发起 PUT 请求
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15. 请求 <https://httpbin.org/image/jpeg> 并保存为文件，然后使用你的图片编辑器打开这个文件
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16. 请求 <https://www.twitter.com>，你将会得到空的响应。让 curl 显示出响应头信息，并尝试找出响应内容为空的原因
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17. 向 <https://httpbin.org/anything> 发起任意的请求，同时设置一些无意义的请求头（例如：`panda: elephant`）
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18. 请求 <https://httpbin.org/status/404> 和 <https://httpbin.org/status/200>，然后再次请求它们并且让 curl 显示响应头信息
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19. 请求 <https://httpbin.org/anything> 并且设置用户名和密码（使用 `-u username:password`）
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20. 设置 `Accept-Language: es-ES` 的请求头用以下载 Twitter 的西班牙语主页 (<https://twitter.com>)
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21. 使用 curl 向 Stripe API 发起请求（请查看 <https://stripe.com/docs/development> 了解如何使用，他们会给你一个测试用的 API key）。尝试向 <https://httpbin.org/anything> 发起相同的请求
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://jvns.ca/blog/2019/08/27/curl-exercises/
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作者：[Julia Evans][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[hanwckf](https://github.com/hanwckf)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://jvns.ca/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.amazon.com/Badass-Making-Awesome-Kathy-Sierra/dp/1491919019
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[2]: https://wizardzines.com/zines/bite-size-networking
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[3]: http://www.google.com/robots.txt
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