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[完成翻译] Generate a strong password from the command line
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GHLandy Translating
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# Generate a strong password from the command line
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Having a strong password is the most important thing you can do to protect your account or server and to keep your data secure. Common thinking is that a strong password should be comprised of at least 14 characters, including lowercase and uppercase alphabetic characters, numbers and symbols and should never be based on a dictionary word. Using a long password is much more secure that using a short one, the longer the password the harder it is to guess. In this post, we will take a look at a several different ways to generate a strong password using the Linux command line.
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### Generate a strong password with openssl
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This method uses the openssl rand function and it will generate 14 characters random string:
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```
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openssl rand -base64 14
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```
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### Generate a strong password with urandom
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In this method we will filter the `/dev/urandom` output with `tr` to delete unwanted characters and print the first 14 characters:
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```
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< /dev/urandom tr -dc A-Za-z0-9 | head -c14; echo
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```
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### Generate a strong password with pwgen
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`pwgen`is a tool that generates random, meaningless but pronounceable passwords.
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To install `pwgen` run:
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```
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sudo apt-get install pwgen
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```
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Once the installation is complete, use the following command to generate a random string of 14 characters:
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```
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pwgen 14 1
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```
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You can also use some of the following flags:
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<small style="transition: height 0.15s ease-out, width 0.15s ease-out; font-size: 14.45px;"></small>
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```
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-c or --capitalize
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Include at least one capital letter in the password
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-A or --no-capitalize
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Don't include capital letters in the password
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-n or --numerals
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Include at least one number in the password
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-0 or --no-numerals
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Don't include numbers in the password
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-y or --symbols
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Include at least one special symbol in the password
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-s or --secure
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Generate completely random passwords
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-B or --ambiguous
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Don't include ambiguous characters in the password
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-h or --help
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Print a help message
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-H or --sha1=path/to/file[#seed]
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Use sha1 hash of given file as a (not so) random generator
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-C
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Print the generated passwords in columns
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-1
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Don't print the generated passwords in columns
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-v or --no-vowels
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Do not use any vowels so as to avoid accidental nasty words
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```
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### Generate a strong password with gpg
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We can also use the `gpg` tool to generate a strong 14 characters password:
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```
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gpg --gen-random --armor 1 14
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```
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* * *
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Of course, there are many other ways to generate a strong password. For example, you can add the following bash shell function to your `~/.bashrc` file:
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```
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genpasswd() {
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strings /dev/urandom | grep -o '[[:alnum:]]' | head -n 14 | tr -d '\n'; echo
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}
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```
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and when you need to generate a strong random password just type `genpasswd`
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.rosehosting.com/blog/generate-password-linux-command-line/
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作者：[RoseHosting][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:www.rosehosting.com
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@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
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使用命令行生成高强度密码
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===
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设置一个高强度的密码是非常重要的，这样才能够很好的保护自己的账号或者服务器以及确保自己的数据的安全。通常来说，一个高强度密码至少有 14 个字符，包括大小写字母、数字和特殊字符，并且要牢记永远不用那些字典中的单词。使用长密码比短密码要来的安全，因为密码越长越难猜测。在本文中，我将给你介绍几个不同方法，让你可以在 Linux 命令行下生成一个高强度密码。
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### 使用 openssl 生成高强度密码
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这里使用 openssl 的 rand 方法，它会生成一个 14 位字符的随机字符：
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```
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openssl rand -base64 14
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```
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### 使用 urandom 生成高强度密码
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这里我们将使用 `tr` 条件来过滤 `/dev/urandom` 的输出，从而删掉那些不想要的字符，并打印出第一个出现的 14 位字符。
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```
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< /dev/urandom tr -dc A-Za-z0-9 | head -c14; echo
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```
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### 使用 pwgen 生成高强度密码
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`pwgen` 是一个生成随机、无特殊含义但可以正常拼读的密码。
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安装 `pwgen`，运行：
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```
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sudo apt-get install pwgen
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```
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安装好之后，使用以下命令来生成一个 14 位随机字符：
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```
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pwgen 14 1
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```
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你也可以使用以下标记：
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<small style="transition: height 0.15s ease-out, width 0.15s ease-out; font-size: 14.45px;"></small>
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```
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-c 或 --capitalize
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生成的密码中至少包含一个大写字母
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-A 或 --no-capitalize
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生成的密码中不含大写字母
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-n 或 --numerals
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生成的密码中至少包含一个数字
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-0 或 --no-numerals
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生成的密码中不含数字
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-y 或 --symbols
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生成的密码中至少包含一个特殊字符
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-s 或 --secure
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生成一个完全随机的密码
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-B 或 --ambiguous
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生成的密码中不含模糊字符 (ambiguous characters)
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-h 或 --help
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输出帮助信息
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-H 或 --sha1=path/to/file[#seed]
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使用指定文件的 sha1 哈希值作为随机生成器
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-C
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按列输出生成的密码
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-1
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不按列输出生成的密码
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-v 或 --no-vowels
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不使用任何元音，以免意外生成让人讨厌的单词
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```
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### 使用 gpg 生成高强度密码
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我们也可以使用 `gpg` 工具来生成一个 14 位字符的密码：
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```
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gpg --gen-random --armor 1 14
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```
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* * *
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当然，可能还有很多方法可以生成一个高强度密码。比方说，你可以添加以下 bash shell 方法到 `~/.bashrc` 文件：
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Of course, there are many other ways to generate a strong password. For example, you can add the following bash shell function to your `~/.bashrc` file:
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```
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genpasswd() {
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strings /dev/urandom | grep -o '[[:alnum:]]' | head -n 14 | tr -d '\n'; echo
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}
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```
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当你想要生成一个高强度的随机密码时，运行 `genpasswd` 就好了。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.rosehosting.com/blog/generate-password-linux-command-line/
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作者：[RoseHosting][a]
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译者：[GHLandy](https://github.com/GHLandy)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:www.rosehosting.com
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