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-translating by alim0x
-
-The history of Android
-================================================================================
-### Android 2.1—the discovery (and abuse) of animations ###
-
-Android 2.1 came out with the launch of the Nexus One, which was only three months after the release of 2.0. The new OS wasn't a huge release, so it still kept the codename "Éclair." Android development was chugging along at an unheard-of pace, with Google averaging a new OS release every two-and-a-half months over the last 15 months.
-
-Thanks mostly to the marketing efforts of Verizon and the "Droid" line of phones, Android was gaining in popularity. The OS was still considered ugly, though, and while the Android engineers at the time seemed to have almost no formal design training, in Android 2.1 they tried to spruce things up a bit by slathering on heavy-handed animation effects wherever they could. The result was an OS that seemed to be desperately trying to prove that it could do animation effects. Many of the new additions felt more like tech demos than user-experience improvements.
-
-![The lock and home screens from Android 2.1 and 2.0.](http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/21.png)
-The lock and home screens from Android 2.1 and 2.0.
-Photo by Ron Amadeo
-
-Android 2.0's rotary dial lock screen was kicked to the curb after only one version and replaced with the same pull tabs the incoming call screen used. The lock screen clock was an attempt at a uniquely Android font, but as typefaces go, it was pretty hideous looking.
-
-One of the biggest features in Android 2.1 was "Live Wallpapers"—interactive or moving images that could be set as the wallpaper. The default Live Wallpaper was a grid of squares with blue, red, yellow, and green lights continually streaking across it. Tapping on the screen would send lights firing out in all four directions from the center of your tap. While Live Wallpapers looked neat (and was a unique feature over the iPhone), the animated backgrounds sucked up battery power and CPU cycles. It seemed to make the whole phone run a little slower.
-
-On the home screen, the default Google Search widget was given a lot more padding and now sits centered in its row. Page indicators now lived in the bottom left and right corners of the screen, and the number of home screen pages jumped from three to five. The app drawer tab at the bottom was replaced with an icon showing a grid of squares, a metaphor that Google still uses today.
-
-![A picture showing the app drawer design and a composite image showing the app selection for Android 2.1 and 2.0.](http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/21icons.png)
-A picture showing the app drawer design and a composite image showing the app selection for Android 2.1 and 2.0.
-Photo by Ron Amadeo
-
-With the new app drawer icon came a totally new app drawer. Instead of a tabbed container that lifted up from the bottom of the screen, the app drawer displayed as a full-screen interface. The carbon fiber weave was removed, and the background switched to a plain black background—a decision that would stick around all the way up to KitKat.
-
-Google decided to add a floating, semi-transparent home icon to the bottom of the app drawer to give people an easy way out of the full-screen tab interface. This could be seen as a precursor to the on-screen home button that was introduced in Android 4.0.
-
-The app drawer was given a tacky graphics effect, too. While scrolling, the icons at the top and bottom of the list would bend inward and appear to move deeper into the phone, sort of like the opening scroll in Star Wars.
-
-There were a few changes to the icons. "Amazon MP3" and "Alarm Clock" both lost their first names, along with their premium alphabetical real-estate at the top of the app drawer. Two new apps showed up: News and Weather, and Google Voice, which was Google's telecommunication service. Since the Nexus One was not a Verizon phone, Verizon's Visual Voicemail app was dumped.
-
-![The revamped clock app.](http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/clo2ck.png)
-The revamped clock app.
-Photo by Ron Amadeo
-
-Along with the name change, the clock app got a total revamp. Tapping on the clock shortcut no longer opened the alarms page; instead it went to a "desk clock" interface (left picture, above) with a background that matched the wallpaper. The clock used the same font from the lock screen, pulling in weather from the new News And Weather app.
-
-The new alarm page cleaned up a lot of the weirder design decisions made in the old version. The analog clock and selectable clock designs were dead. The checkboxes were replaced with a green on/off light, which was much easier to parse than "gray check/green check." While it might be hard to see from the thumbnail (click for a bigger version), the old alarm design displayed AM and PM next to the time. The 2.1 design did away with that, only showing the relevant meridian. A digital clock was placed at the bottom, and the clock icon took you back to the desk clock interface.
-
-![The Gallery and individual image screens from 2.1 and 2.0.](http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/gallery1.png)
-The Gallery and individual image screens from 2.1 and 2.0.
-Photo by Ron Amadeo
-
-Google's desire to improve the look of Android was most evident in the 2.1 Gallery, which was all about heavy-handed animation effects and transparencies. When the app opened, individual pictures flew in from the top of the screen and shuffled into little piles that made up an album. When opening an album, the picture stack separated, and the photos slid into a grid formation. Everything you touched would pop open, squish, and stretch like a spring-loaded piece of Jell-o.
-
-There was no "normal" background for the Gallery. It would randomly pick a picture on the screen and heavily distort it for use as a background image. When that picture scrolled off-screen, it would pick a new background image, so the tone of the background always matched your pictures.
-
-The top left of the screen housed a breadcrumbs bar. It displayed your current location and any folders between you and the main screen—it could be thought of as an early precursor to the "Up" button that would debut in Android 3.0. In the top right was a link to the camera app, which still sported the same faux-leather design that debuted in Android 1.6—the two designs could not be more different.
-
-While the camera was another weird, one-off design, never was the wild UI disparity between Android apps more apparent than in the new Gallery. It didn't use Android buttons, menus, or any of the existing UI paradigms. It even hid the status bar in every screen—you could barely tell you were looking at Android.
-
-In the individual photo view, you could finally swipe between images, which removed the need for chunky left and right arrows. For some reason, the color-matched background wasn't on this screen. It was the only part of the app where the background is black. Zoom controls were in the top-right (still no pinch zoom), and commands were held in a single strip along the bottom of the screen. Hitting the "menu" button (software or hardware) didn't bring up a 2×3 grid of options like every other app—the items in the bottom strip just changed from two options to three other options.
-
-![The animation-filled Gallery app.](http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/gallery2.png)
-The animation-filled Gallery app.
-Photo by Ron Amadeo
-
-The first picture, above, shows an album view. You could scroll horizontally through a large album or use the fast scroll bar at the bottom of the screen. Long pressing on a picture (or, bizarrely, pressing the hardware menu button) would bring up a "checkbox" interface, where you could tap on several pictures to select them. After you've selected pictures, you could then batch share, delete, or rotate them.
-
-The menus on this screen and the next individual picture screen were semi-transparent speech bubbles that would spring out of their respective buttons when tapped on. Again, this was about as far away from the normal Android conventions as you could get. The Gallery was also one of the first apps to have an overscroll effect. When you hit the end of the photo wall, the entire surface would skew in the direction of the scrolling.
-
-The 2.1 Gallery was the first photo client to show your cloud-stored Picasa photos along with local pictures. These were marked with a white camera shutter icon in the bottom left corner of a thumbnail. This would later become Google+ Photos.
-
-No Android app before or since had looked like the gallery. There was good reason for that—it wasn’t made by Google! The app was farmed out to Cooliris, who didn't bother following a single existing Android UI paradigm. While the app was usable, all the animations and effects made it seem like a case of style over substance.
-
-![The "News and Weather" app showing... the news and weather.](http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/newsandweather.png)
-The "News and Weather" app showing... the news and weather.
-Photo by Ron Amadeo
-
-Compare the Gallery to the other new Android 2.1 app: News And Weather. While the Gallery was a transparency-filled animation fest, News And Weather was all about dark gradients and contrasting colors. This app powered the weather display on the desk clock app, and it even came with a home screen widget. The first screen just showed the weather and a six-day forecast for your current location. Along the top of the screens were tabs, next to the city name was a small "i" button that would bring up a temperature and precipitation graph. You could slide your finger along the graph to get exact temperatures and precipitation for any given minute.
-
-The big innovation in this app was swipeable tabs, an idea that would eventually become a standard Android UI convention. After the weather were a bunch of user configurable news tabs, and besides tapping on the tabs to switch to them, you could just swipe horizontally across the screen and the tab would change. The news tabs all showed a list of news headlines that were almost always truncated to the point that you had no idea what the story was about. When opening a webpage from this app, it didn't load the browser. Instead, it opened the story within the app complete with a weird white border.
-
-![Google Maps showing off some Labs features, the new widget designs, the only screen we can access in Google Voice, and the new tabbed music design.](http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ccccombo.jpg)
-Google Maps showing off some Labs features, the new widget designs, the only screen we can access in Google Voice, and the new tabbed music design.
-Photo by Ron Amadeo
-
-Widgets in 2.1 were all redesigned, with almost everything receiving a black gradient, and made better use of the available space. The clock changed back to a circle, and the calendar got a blue top, which matched the app a little more closely. Google Voice will start up, but the sign-in is broken—this is as far as you can get.
-
-The oft-neglected Music app got a minor update. The four-button home screen was removed completely, and tabs for each music display mode were added to the top of the screen. This meant when opening the app, you were immediately presented with a list of music, instead of a navigational page. Unlike the News and Weather app, these newly installed tabs here could not be swiped between.
-
-----------
-
-![Ron Amadeo](http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content//uploads/authors/ron-amadeo-sq.jpg)
-
-[Ron Amadeo][a] / Ron is the Reviews Editor at Ars Technica, where he specializes in Android OS and Google products. He is always on the hunt for a new gadget and loves to rip things apart to see how they work.
-
-[@RonAmadeo][t]
-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-via:
-
-译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
-
-本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
-
-[a]:http://arstechnica.com/author/ronamadeo
-[t]:https://twitter.com/RonAmadeo
diff --git a/translated/talk/The history of Android/12 - The history of Android.md b/translated/talk/The history of Android/12 - The history of Android.md
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+安卓编年史
+================================================================================
+### Android 2.1——动画的大发现（以及滥用）时代 ###
+
+安卓2.1随着Nexus One的发布一同到来，这时距安卓2.0的发布仅仅过了三个月。新系统并不是一个大的更新升级，所以它仍然使用Éclair（泡芙）这个名称。安卓的开发以一种闻所未闻的步伐不稳定地进行，在过去的15个月中，谷歌平均每两个半月就发布一个新版本。
+
+绝大部分得益于威瑞森在市场营销上的努力以及“Droid”产品线，安卓日益流行起来。即便如此，这个系统还是被认为丑，这时的安卓工程师看起来几乎没有接受过正式的设计培训，在安卓2.1中，他们尝试着通过在所有能用上的地方大量使用动画效果，想让东西看起来更整齐一点。这么做的结果就是系统看起来拼命想要证明它可以实现动画效果。许多新增的部分感觉更像是技术的演示（demo）而不是用户体验的改善。
+
+![安卓2.1和2.0中的锁屏和主屏幕。](http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/21.png)
+安卓2.1和2.0中的锁屏和主屏幕。
+Ron Amadeo供图
+
+安卓2.0的旋转拨号式锁屏在仅仅一个版本之后就被踢到路边去了，取而代之的是和来电界面使用的相同的左/右拉标签式解锁。锁屏时钟尝试使用了一种独特的安卓字体，但是相比其它字体来说，它真是丑得可以。
+
+安卓2.1最大的特色之一是“动态壁纸”——可互动的或是动态图片可以被设置为壁纸。默认的动态壁纸是个灰色正方形组成的大方阵，不断有蓝色，红色，黄色以及绿色的光点拖着尾巴穿越屏幕。点击屏幕会使光点以你点击的位置为中心向四个方向射出。尽管动态壁纸看起来很棒（并且相对iPhone而言是个独特的特性），动画背景对电池和处理器而言可不是什么好事。它似乎让整个系统的运行都变得有点慢了。
+
+在主屏幕上，默认的谷歌搜索小部件周围有了更多空间，并且现在它位于所在行的正中央。页面指示器现在在屏幕底部的左右角落，主屏幕的页数也从3变成了5。底部的应用抽屉标签被替换为一个正方形方阵组成的图标，这个（对应用列表的）暗喻直到今天谷歌也还在使用。
+
+![图片展示了安卓2.1和2.0中的应用抽屉设计以及应用的选择。](http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/21icons.png)
+图片展示了安卓2.1和2.0中的应用抽屉设计以及应用的选择。
+Ron Amadeo供图
+
+和新应用抽屉图标一同到来的还有全新的应用抽屉。应用抽屉不再是以前从屏幕底部上拉的带标签容器的样子，新界面显示为一个全屏界面。原先的碳纤维编织纹理被去掉了，变成了一个纯黑背景——这个决定会一直持续到KitKat。
+
+谷歌决定添加一个浮动的，半透明的home图标到应用抽屉的底部，好让人们方便地退出全屏的应用列表界面。这个可以看作是安卓4.0中引入的虚拟home键的前身。
+
+应用抽屉同样有个俗气的图形效果。在滚动的时候，在应用列表顶部和底部的图标会向内弯曲并且看起来像是向手机深处移动一样，有点像星球大战开场的滚动字幕。
+
+应用的图标也有不多的改变。“Amazon MP3”和“Alarm Clock”（闹钟）都去掉了前面那个单词，然后他们就从按字母排序的列表的前两个位置退了下来。出现了两个新的应用：新闻和天气，以及Google Voice，这是谷歌的通信服务。由于Nexus One不是威瑞森的定制机，威瑞森的可视语音邮件被去掉了。
+
+![修改后的时钟应用。](http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/clo2ck.png)
+修改后的时钟应用。
+Ron Amadeo供图
+
+不止是名称的更改，时钟应用还迎来了整体上的重制。点击时钟快捷方式不再会打开闹钟页面；取而代之的是去到“桌面时钟”界面（上方左图），它带有一个和壁纸一致的背景。时钟使用和锁屏一样的字体，并从新的新闻和天气应用中获取天气。
+
+新的闹钟页面清除了许多旧版本中奇怪的设计。模拟时钟和可选择的时钟样式已经不见了。复选框已经被一个带绿色亮光的开关所取代，它比“灰色勾选/绿色勾选”更容易理解。尽管可能从快照很难看出来，旧的闹钟设计在时间旁同时显示AM和PM。2.1的设计里取消了这一项，只显示相关的AM/PM标记。底部放置了一个数字时钟，点击时钟图标会将你带回桌面时钟界面。
+
+![安卓2.1和2.0中的相册和单独图片查看界面。](http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/gallery1.png)
+安卓2.1和2.0中的相册和单独图片查看界面。
+Ron Amadeo供图
+
+谷歌想要改进安卓外观的欲望在2.1的相册中最为明显，这里几乎都是大量使用的动画效果和半透明。当应用打开的时候，单独的图片从屏幕顶部飞下并且打乱成小堆组成相册。当打开相册的时候，图片堆各自分离，照片滑开形成方阵的形式。所有你触摸的东西会弹开，压缩，以及拉伸，就像是果冻的弹簧片一样。
+
+相册这里没有一个“标准”的背景。他会从屏幕上随机选择一张图片并深度模糊，然后作为背景图片使用。当这张图片滑出屏幕显示范围后，它会重新选择一张背景图片，所以背景色调总是会和你的图片相匹配。
+
+屏幕的左上角放置了面包屑导航栏。它显示你当前的位置，以及你所在位置和主界面之间的任何文件夹——它可以被看作是在安卓3.0中即将推出的“向上”按钮的前身。在右上角是一个相机的链接，这还留着相同的在安卓1.6中登场的人造皮革设计——两个设计截然不同。
+
+而相机是另一个奇怪的，一次性的设计，从来没有哪个安卓应用间随意的UI设计差距能有和新的相册应用间这么明显。它并没有采用安卓的按钮，菜单，或任何现有的UI规范。它甚至在每个界面隐藏了状态栏——你几乎不能分辨出你正在盯着的是安卓。
+
+在单张照片查看视图，你终于可以图片之间滑动切换，从而去掉了短粗的左右箭头。出于某种原因，这个界面并没有颜色匹配的背景。它是应用中唯一一个背景为黑色的部分。缩放控制在右上方（仍然没有捏合缩放），可用命令沿着屏幕的底部排成一行。点击“菜单”按钮（虚拟或实体键）并不会像所有其他的应用一样出现一个2×3格的方阵——仅仅是底部的一行选项从两个变成了另外三个选项。
+
+![充满动画效果的相册应用。](http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/gallery2.png)
+充满动画效果的相册应用。
+Ron Amadeo供图
+
+上面第一张图片，显示了一个相册视图。大型相册的话你可以水平滚动，或使用在屏幕底部的快速滚动条。长按上的图片（虽然有点奇怪，或者按实体菜单按钮）会弹出一个“复选框”界面，在这里你可以点击几张照片同时选中它们。你选中照片之后，你可以批量分享，删除或旋转照片。
+
+这个界面和接下来的单张照片查看界面的菜单是半透明语音气泡式的，点击各个按钮时它们会跳出来。再重复一遍，这和你所得到的正常的安卓体验规范远远不同。相册还是第一个拥有越界效果（overscroll）的应用之一。当你到达照片墙的底部时，整个界面会向滚动的方向扭曲。
+
+2.1的相册是第一个能同时显示您云存储的Picasa照片以及本地照片的客户端。这些照片缩略图的左下角有白色相机快门图标。这后来成为了Google+ Photos。
+
+之前或之后任何安卓应用程序看起来都不像这个相册。有很好的理由解释这是为什么——它不是谷歌做的！这个应用外包给了Cooliris，他们看样子并没有打算花费精力遵循任何一条现有的安卓UI规范。尽管应用是可用的，所有的动画和效果使它看起来像是只注重风格而不注重实质的产物。
+
+![“新闻和天气”应用展示了……新闻和天气。](http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/newsandweather.png)
+“新闻和天气”应用展示了……新闻和天气。
+Ron Amadeo供图
+
+来比较下相册应用和另一个全新的安卓2.1应用：新闻和天气。相册是个充满透明动画效果的汇聚，而新闻和天气则全是深色渐变和对比色。这个应用提供了桌面时钟的天气显示，它甚至还带着一个主屏幕小部件。第一张图显示的是当前位置的天气和六天预报。沿着屏幕顶部排列着一些标签，城市名称旁有个小小的“i”按钮，点击它会打开温度和降水图。你可以在图上滑动以得到指定时间的精确温度和降水信息。
+
+这个应用里最大的创新在于可滑动标签，这个想法最终将成为一个标准的安卓UI规范。在天气之后是一些可由用户定制的新闻标签，除了点击标签切换之外，你还可以在屏幕上水平滑动，标签也会跟着切换。新闻标签都显示着一个新闻标题列表，它们几乎总是正好截断到你弄不明白这条新闻讲了什么的程度。当你从这个应用打开一个网页时，它并不会启动浏览器。相反，它会在应用内打开新闻，带着个奇怪的白色边框。
+
+![谷歌地图的一些实验性功能，新的小部件设计，Google Voice里我们能接触到的唯一一个界面，以及新的带标签的音乐界面设计。](http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ccccombo.jpg)
+谷歌地图的一些实验性功能，新的小部件设计，Google Voice里我们能接触到的唯一一个界面，以及新的带标签的音乐界面设计。
+Ron Amadeo供图
+
+安卓2.1里的小部件全部经过了重新设计，几乎所有东西都带有黑色渐变，空间利用上也更加合理。时钟变回了一个圆，日历的顶部加上了蓝色，着让它和应用变得更加相似。Google Voice可以启动，但是登录已经失效了——这是你现在能看到的所有东西了。
+
+人们经常忽视的音乐应用有个小更新。四个按钮的主界面被完全去除，并且在屏幕顶部添加了每个音乐显示模式的标签。这意味着在打开应用的时候，你就能直接看到音乐列表，而不是一个导航页。不同于新闻和天气应用里的标签，这些新增的标签不能滑动切换。
+
+----------
+
+![Ron Amadeo](http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content//uploads/authors/ron-amadeo-sq.jpg)
+
+[Ron Amadeo][a] / Ron是Ars Technica的评论编缉，专注于安卓系统和谷歌产品。他总是在追寻新鲜事物，还喜欢拆解事物看看它们到底是怎么运作的。
+
+[@RonAmadeo][t]
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via:
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+译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]:http://arstechnica.com/author/ronamadeo
+[t]:https://twitter.com/RonAmadeo