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[translated]26 - The history of Android
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The history of Android
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The new "add to home screen" interface was definitely inspired by Honeycomb.
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Photo by Ron Amadeo
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KitKat added a nice throwback to Honeycomb with the home screen configuration screen. On the massive 10-inch screen of a Honeycomb tablet (right picture, above), long pressing on the home screen background would present you with a zoomed-out view of all your home screens. Widgets could be dragged from the bottom widget drawer into any home screen—it was very handy. When it came time to bring the Honeycomb interface to phones, from Android 4.0 all the way to 4.3, Google skipped this design and left it to the larger screened devices, presenting only a list of options after a long press (center picture).
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For KitKat though, Google finally came up with a solution. After a long press, 4.4 presented a slightly zoomed out view—you could see the current home screen and the screens to the left and right of it. Tapping on the “widgets" button would open a full screen list of widget thumbnails, but after long-pressing on a widget, you were thrown back into the zoomed-out view and could scroll through home screen pages and place the icon where you wanted. By dragging an icon or widget all the way past the rightmost home page, you could create a new home page.
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Contacts and the Keyboard both removed any trace of blue.
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Photo by Ron Amadeo
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KitKat was the end of the line for the Tron design. In most parts of the OS, any remaining blue highlights were removed in favor of gray. In the People app, blue was sucked out of the header and the letter separators in the contact list. The pictures swapped sides and the bottom bar was changed to a light gray to match the top. The Keyboard, which injected the color blue into nearly every app, was changed to gray-on-gray-on-gray. That wasn't a bad thing. Apps should be allowed to have their own color scheme—forcing a potentially clashing color on them via the keyboard wasn’t good design.
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The first three screenshots show KitKat's dialer, and the last one is 4.3.
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Photo by Ron Amadeo
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Google completely revamped the dialer in KitKat, creating a wild new design that changed the way users thought about a phone. Actual numbers in the new dialer were hidden as much as possible—there wasn’t even a dial pad on the main screen. The primary interface for making a phone call was now a search bar! If you wanted to call someone in your contacts, just type their name in; if you wanted to call a business, just type the business name in and the dialer would search through Google Maps’ extensive database of phone numbers. It worked incredibly well and was something only Google could pull off.
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If searching for numbers wasn’t your thing, the app also intelligently displayed a listing for the previous phone call, your most-contacted people, and a link to all contacts. At the bottom were links to your call history, the now old school number pad, and the usual overflow button containing a settings page.
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Office stuff: Google Drive, which was now packed in, and the printing support.
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Photo by Ron Amadeo
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It was amazing it took this long, but in KitKat, Google Drive was finally included as a default app. Drive allowed users to create and edit Google Docs spreadsheets and documents, scan documents with the camera and upload them as PDFs, or view (but not edit) presentations. Drive, by this point, had a great, modern design with a slide-out navigation drawer and a Google Now-style card design.
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For even more mobile office fun, KitKat included an OS-level printing framework. At the bottom of the settings was a "Printing" screen, and any printer OEM could make a plugin for it. Google Cloud Print was, of course, one of the first supporters. Once your printer was hooked up to Cloud Print, either natively or through a computer with Chrome installed, you could print to it over the Internet. Apps needed to support the printing framework, too. Pressing the little "i" button on Google Drive would show information about the document and give you the option to print it. Just like a desktop OS, a print dialog would pop up with settings like copies, paper size, and page selection.
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The "Photos" section of the Google+ app, which replaced the Gallery.
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Photo by Ron Amadeo
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Google+ Photos and the Gallery initially shipped together on the Nexus 5, but in a later build of KitKat on Google Play devices, the Gallery was axed and Google+ completely took over photo duties. The new app changed the photo app from a light theme to a dark theme, and Google+ Photos brought a modern navigation drawer design.
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Android had long included an instant upload feature, which would automatically backup all pictures on Google’s cloud storage, first on Picasa and later on Google+. The big benefit of G+ Photos over the Gallery was that it could finally manage those cloud-stored photos. Little cloud icons in the lower right of a photo indicated backup status, and it would fill from right to left to indicate an upload-in-progress. G+ photos brought its own photo editor along with support for a million of other Google+ photo features, like highlights, auto awesome, and, of course, sharing to Google+.
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Tweaks to the Clock app, which added an alarms tab and changed the time input dialog.
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Photo by Ron Amadeo
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Google changed the excellent time picker that was introduced in 4.2 to this strange clock interface, which was both slower and less precise than the old interface. First you were presented with a one-handed clock which you used to choose the hour, then that clock went away and another one-handed clock allowed you to choose the minute. Having to spin the minute hand or tap a spot on the clock face made it very difficult to pick times in non-five-minute increments. Unlike the old time picker, which required you to pick a time period, this just defaulted to AM (again making it possible to accidentally be off by 12 hours).
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### Today—Android everywhere ###
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Photo by Google/Sony/Motorola/Ron Amadeo
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What started out as a curious BlackBerry clone from a search engine company became the most popular OS in the world from one of the biggest titans in the tech industry. Android has become Google's de-facto consumer operating system, and it powers phones, tablets, Google Glass, Google TV, and more. [Parts of it][1] are even used in the Chromecast. In the future, Google will be bringing Android to watches and wearables with [Android Wear][2], and the [Open Automotive Alliance][3] will be bringing Android to cars. Google will be making a renewed commitment to the living room soon, too, with [Android TV][4]. The OS is such a core pillar of Google, that events that are supposed to cover company-wide products, like Google I/O, end up becoming Android launch parties.
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Top row: the Google Play content stores. Bottom row: the Google Play Apps.
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Photo by Ron Amadeo
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What was once the ugly duckling of the mobile industry has transformed so much it now [wins design awards][5] for its user interface. The design of things like Google Now have affected everything the company produces, with even the desktop sites like Search, Google+, YouTube, and Maps getting in on the card design unity. The design keeps evolving as well. Google's next plan is to [unify design][6] across not just Android, but all of its products. The goal is to take something like Gmail and make it feel the same, whether you're using it on Android, a desktop browser, or a watch.
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Google outsourced so many pieces of Android to the Play Store, that version releases are becoming less and less necessary. Google decided the best way to beat carrier and OEM update issues was to sidestep those roadblocks completely. From here on out, there isn't much left to include in an Android update other than core under-the-hood changes—but even many APIs have been pushed to Google Play Services. If you just look at version releases, it seems like Android development has slowed down from the peak 2.5-month release cycle. But the reality is Google can now continually push out improvements to the Play Store in a never-ending, somewhat subtler stream of updates.
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With 1.5 million activations per day, Android has no where to go but up. In the future, Android will be headed from phones and tablets to cars and watches, and the lower system requirements of KitKat will drive phones to even lower prices in the developing world. The bottom line? More and more people will get online. And for many of those people, Android will be not just their phone but their primary computing device. With Android leading the charge for Google in so many areas, the OS that started off as a tiny acquisition has become one of Google's most important products.
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----------
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[Ron Amadeo][a] / Ron is the Reviews Editor at Ars Technica, where he specializes in Android OS and Google products. He is always on the hunt for a new gadget and loves to rip things apart to see how they work.
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[@RonAmadeo][t]
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via: http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/26/
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://blog.gtvhacker.com/2013/chromecast-exploiting-the-newest-device-by-google/
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[2]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/03/in-depth-with-android-wear-googles-quantum-leap-of-a-smartwatch-os/
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[3]:http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2014/01/open-automotive-alliance-aims-to-bring-android-inside-the-car/
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[4]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/04/documents-point-to-android-tv-googles-latest-bid-for-the-living-room/
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[5]:http://userexperienceawards.com/uxa2012/
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[6]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/04/googles-next-design-challenge-unify-app-design-across-platforms/
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[a]:http://arstechnica.com/author/ronamadeo
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[t]:https://twitter.com/RonAmadeo
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安卓编年史
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================================================================================
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新的“添加到主屏幕”界面无疑受到了蜂巢的启发。
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Ron Amadeo 供图
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奇巧的主屏幕配置界面漂亮地对蜂巢进行了复古。在有巨大的 10 英寸屏幕的蜂巢平板上（上方右侧图片），长按主屏背景会向你展现一个所有主屏幕的缩放视图。可以从下面的小部件抽屉里将它们拖放到任意主屏上——这很方便。在将蜂巢的界面带到手机上时，从安卓 4.0 直到 4.3，谷歌都跳过了这个设计，把它留给了大屏幕设备，在手机上长按后只显示一个选项列表（中间的图片）。
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但在奇巧上，谷歌最终给出了解决方案。在长按后，4.4 呈现一个略微缩放的视图——你可以看到当前主屏以及它左右侧的屏幕。点击“小部件”按钮会打开一个小部件略缩图的完整列表，但是长按一个小部件后，你会回到缩放视图，并且你可以在主屏页面之间滚动，将图标放在你想要的位置。将图标或者小部件拖动过最右侧的主屏页面，你可以创建一个新的主屏页面。
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联系人和去掉所有蓝色痕迹的键盘。
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Ron Amadeo 供图
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奇巧是电子风格设计的完结。在系统的大多数部分，剩下的蓝色高亮都被换成了灰色。在联系人应用中，头部和联系人列表字母分割线的蓝色都移除掉了。图片的位置换了一侧，底栏变成了浅灰色以和顶部相称。几乎将蓝色渗透进每个应用的键盘，现在是灰底灰色灰高亮。这可不是件坏事。应用应该允许有它们自己的配色方案——在键盘上强迫存在潜在的颜色冲突可不是个好设计。
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前三张是奇巧的拨号盘，最后一张是 4.3 的。
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Ron Amadeo 供图
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谷歌完全重制了奇巧中的拨号，创造了一个疯狂的设计，改变了用户对手机的思考方式。实际上新版拨号中的数字都被尽可能地隐藏了——在首屏上甚至没有拨号盘。打电话的主要界面现在是个搜索栏！如果你想给你的联系人打电话，只要在搜索栏输入他的名字；如果你想给一个公司打电话，只要输入公司的名字，拨号会通过谷歌地图庞大的数据库找到号码。它工作得令人难以置信的好，这是只有谷歌才能完成的事情。
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如果搜索不是你的菜的话，应用还会智能地显示通话记录列表，最常联系人，还有指向所有联系人的链接。底部的链接指向你的通话记录，传统的拨号盘，以及常规的更多操作按钮，包含一个设置页面。
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Office 相关：新的内置应用 Google Drive，以及打印支持。
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Ron Amadeo 供图
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在奇巧中 Google Drive 终于作为内置应用包含了进来，令人惊奇的是这居然用了这么长时间。Drive 允许用户创建和编辑 Google Docs 表格和文档，用相机扫描文档并作为 PDF 上传，或者查看（不能编辑）演示文稿。Drive 的设计十分现代，侧面拥有滑出式导航抽屉，并且是 Google Now 风格卡片式设计。
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为了有更多的移动办公乐趣，奇巧包含了系统级打印框架。在设置的底部有“打印”设置界面，任何打印机 OEM 厂商都可以为它写个插件。谷歌云打印自然是首批支持者之一。只要你的打印机和云打印相连接，无论是本地或通过一台装有 Chrome 浏览器的电脑，你都可以借助网络进行打印。应用同样也需要支持打印框架。点击 Google Drive 里的“i”按钮会显示文档信息，并且给你打印的选项。就像桌面系统那样，会弹出一个设置对话框，有打印份数，纸张尺寸，以及页面选择等选项。
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Google+ 应用的“相片”部分，它取代了相册。
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Ron Amadeo 供图
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Google+ 相片和相册最初都在 Nexus 5 上随附，但在 Google Play 设备稍晚版本的奇巧上，相册被砍掉了，Google+ 完全接手了相片管理。新应用的主题从深色变成了浅色，Google+ 相片还带来了现代的导航抽屉设计。
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安卓一直以来都有即时上传功能，它会自动备份所有图片到谷歌的云存储，开始是 Picasa 后来是 Google+。G+ 相片相比相册最大的好处是它可以管理那些云端存储的图片。图片右下角的云图标指示备份状态，它会从右到左地填满来指示正在上传。G+ 相片带来了它自己的照片编辑器，还有许多其它的 Google+ 图片功能，比如高亮，自动美化，当然，还有分享到 Google+。
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时钟应用的调整，添加了一个闹钟页面并修改了时间输入框。
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Ron Amadeo 供图
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谷歌将 4.2 引入的优秀时间选择器换成了一个奇怪的时钟界面，操作起来比旧界面更慢了也更不精确了。首先是个可以选择小时的单指针时钟，然后显示的是另一个选择分钟的单指针时钟。选择的时候要转动分针或点击数字，这让用用户很难选择不是整五分钟的时间增量。不像之前的时间选择器需要选择一个时间段，这里默认时间段是 AM（重复一下，这样设置的时候容易不小心偏差 12 小时）。
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### 今日安卓无处不在 ###
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图片来自 Google/Sony/Motorola/Ron Amadeo
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一开始从一家搜索引擎公司的古怪的黑莓复制品，一步一步到如今科技界巨头之一在世界上最流行的系统。安卓已经成为谷歌的实际消费者操作系统，它驱动着手机，平板，Google Glass，Google TV，甚至更多。[它的一部分][1]甚至还用到了 Chromecast 中。在未来，谷歌还会将 [Android Wear][2] 带到手表和可穿戴设备上，[开放汽车联盟][3] 要将安卓带到汽车上。不久后会谷歌再次承诺对客厅的计划，带上 [Android TV][4]。这个系统对谷歌是如此重要的支柱，原本应该覆盖全公司产品的大会活动，比如 Google I/O，俨然成为了安卓发布派对。
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上排：谷歌 Play 内容商店。下排：谷歌 Play 应用。
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Ron Amadeo 供图
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移动产业曾经的的丑小鸭脱胎换骨，它的用户界面还[赢得了设计奖项][5]。像 Google Now 一样的设计风格影响了整个公司的产品，甚至连像搜索，Google+，Youtube，以及地图这样的桌面站点都加入了卡片式设计中。设计也在不断地演进。谷歌下一步[统一设计][6]的计划不仅是面对安卓，也包括了所有的产品。谷歌的目标是让你不管在安卓，还是桌面浏览器，或是一个手表上，使用像 Gmail 这样的服务时都能有一样的体验。
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谷歌将很多安卓的组件转移到 Play 商店，这样版本发布就越来越不重要了。谷歌决定了解决运营商和 OEM 厂商更新问题的最佳途径，就是完全绕开这些绊脚石。从这里开始，在一个安卓更新里除了核心底层变动外就没什么内容了——但是更多的 API 被加入了谷歌 Play 服务。如果你只看版本更新的话，相对安卓高峰期 2.5 个月的发布周期来说开发已经放缓了。但实际情况是谷歌现在可以持续将改进推送到 Play 商店，从周期发布变成了永无止境，有些微妙的更新流。
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每天 150 万台设备激活，安卓除了增长就是增长。在未来，安卓会是手机和平板到汽车和手表的领军者，奇巧更低的系统配置要求也会让发展中国家的手机价格更低。结果呢？越来越多的人会来到线上。对那里的大多数人来说，安卓不止是他们的手机，也是他们首要的计算设备。随着安卓为谷歌领导掌管众多领域，从一个小收购而来的系统逐渐成长为了谷歌最重要的产品。
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[Ron Amadeo][a] / Ron是Ars Technica的评论编缉，专注于安卓系统和谷歌产品。他总是在追寻新鲜事物，还喜欢拆解事物看看它们到底是怎么运作的。
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[@RonAmadeo][t]
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/26/
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译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://blog.gtvhacker.com/2013/chromecast-exploiting-the-newest-device-by-google/
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[2]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/03/in-depth-with-android-wear-googles-quantum-leap-of-a-smartwatch-os/
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[3]:http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2014/01/open-automotive-alliance-aims-to-bring-android-inside-the-car/
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[4]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/04/documents-point-to-android-tv-googles-latest-bid-for-the-living-room/
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[5]:http://userexperienceawards.com/uxa2012/
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[6]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/04/googles-next-design-challenge-unify-app-design-across-platforms/
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[a]:http://arstechnica.com/author/ronamadeo
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[t]:https://twitter.com/RonAmadeo
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