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How To Boot Into Linux Command Line
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======
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There may be times where you need or want to boot up a [Linux][1] system without using a GUI, that is with no X, but rather opt for the command line. Whatever the reason, fortunately, booting straight into the Linux **command-line** is very simple. It requires a simple change to the boot parameter after the other kernel options. This change specifies the runlevel to boot the system into.
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### Why Do This?
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If your system does not run Xorg because the configuration is invalid, or if the display manager is broken, or whatever may prevent the GUI from starting properly, booting into the command-line will allow you to troubleshoot by logging into a terminal (assuming you know what you’re doing to start with) and do whatever you need to do. Booting into the command-line is also a great way to become more familiar with the terminal, otherwise, you can do it just for fun.
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### Accessing GRUB Menu
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On startup, you will need access to the GRUB boot menu. You may need to hold the SHIFT key down before the system boots if the menu isn’t set to display every time the computer is started. In the menu, the [Linux distribution][2] entry must be selected. Once highlighted, press ‘e’ to edit the boot parameters.
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[][3]
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Older GRUB versions follow a similar mechanism. The boot manager should provide instructions on how to edit the boot parameters.
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### Specify the Runlevel
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An editor will appear and you will see the options that GRUB parses to the kernel. Navigate to the line that starts with ‘linux’ (older GRUB versions may be ‘kernel’; select that and follow the instructions). This specifies parameters to parse into the kernel. At the end of that line (may appear to span multiple lines, depending on resolution), you simply specify the runlevel to boot into, which is 3 (multi-user mode, text-only).
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[][4]
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Pressing Ctrl-X or F10 will boot the system using those parameters. Boot-up will continue as normal. The only thing that has changed is the runlevel to boot into.
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This is what was started up:
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[][5]
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### Runlevels
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You can specify different runlevels to boot into with runlevel 5 being the default one. 1 boots into “single-user” mode, which boots into a root shell. 3 provides a multi-user, command-line only system.
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### Switch From Command-Line
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At some point, you may want to run the display manager again to use a GUI, and the quickest way to do that is running this:
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```
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$ sudo init 5
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```
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And it is as simple as that. Personally, I find the command-line much more exciting and hands-on than using GUI tools; however, that’s just my preference.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/home/how-to-boot-into-linux-command-line
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作者：[LinuxAndUbuntu][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com
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[1]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/home/category/linux
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[2]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/home/category/distros
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[3]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/gnu-grub_orig.png
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[4]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/runlevel_orig.png
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[5]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/runlevel_1_orig.png
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如何启动进入 Linux 命令行
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======
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可能有时候你需要或者不想使用 GUI，也就是没有 X，而是选择命令行启动 [Linux][1]。不管是什么原因，幸运的是，直接启动进入 Linux **命令行** 非常简单。在其他内核选项之后，它需要对引导参数进行简单的更改。此更改将系统引导到指定的运行级别。
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### 为什么要这样做？
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如果你的系统由于无效配置或者显示管理器损坏或任何可能导致 GUI 无法正常启动的情况而无法运行 Xorg，那么启动到命令行将允许你通过登录到终端进行故障排除（假设你知道要怎么开始），并能做任何你需要做的东西。引导到命令行也是一个很好的熟悉终端的方式，不然，你也可以为了好玩这么做。
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### 访问 GRUB 菜单
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在启动时，你需要访问 GRUB 启动菜单。如果在每次启动计算机时菜单未设置为显示，那么可能需要在系统启动之前按住 SHIFT 键。在菜单中，需要选择 [Linux 发行版][2]条目。高亮显示后，按下 “e” 编辑引导参数。
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[][3]
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较老的 GRUB 版本遵循类似的机制。启动管理器应提供有关如何编辑启动参数的说明。
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### 指定运行级别
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编辑器将出现，你将看到 GRUB 解析到内核的选项。移动到以 “linux” 开头的行（旧的 GRUB 版本可能是 “kernel”，选择它并按照说明操作）。这指定了解析到内核的参数。在该行的末尾（可能会出现跨越多行，具体取决于分辨率），只需指定要引导的运行级别，即 3（多用户模式，纯文本）。
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[][4]
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按下 Ctrl-X 或 F10 将使用这些参数启动系统。开机和以前一样。唯一改变的是启动的运行级别。
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这是启动后的页面：
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[][5]
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### 运行级别
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你可以指定不同的运行级别，默认运行级别是 5。1 启动到“单用户”模式，它会启动进入 root shell。3 提供了一个多用户命令行系统。
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### 从命令行切换
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在某个时候，你可能想要再次运行显示管理器来使用 GUI，最快的方法是运行这个：
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```
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$ sudo init 5
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```
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就这么简单。就我个人而言，我发现命令行比使用 GUI 工具更令人兴奋和上手。不过，这只是我的个人偏好。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/home/how-to-boot-into-linux-command-line
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作者：[LinuxAndUbuntu][a]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com
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[1]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/home/category/linux
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[2]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/home/category/distros
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[3]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/gnu-grub_orig.png
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[4]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/runlevel_orig.png
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[5]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/runlevel_1_orig.png
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