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c688173d69
@ -3,19 +3,18 @@
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[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth"
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||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
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[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
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||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
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||||
[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
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||||
[#]: publisher: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14690-1.html"
|
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|
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编译代码时动态链接库
|
||||
编译代码时动态地链接库
|
||||
======
|
||||
编译软件在你如何运行你的系统方面给你很大的灵活性。LD_LIBRARY_PATH 变量，以及 GCC 的 -L 和 -l 选项，是这种灵活性的组成部分。
|
||||
|
||||
![women programming][1]
|
||||
|
||||
|
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图片提供：WOCinTech Chat。由 Opensource.com 修改。CC BY-SA 4.0
|
||||
> 编译软件在你如何运行你的系统方面给你很大的灵活性。`LD_LIBRARY_PATH` 变量，以及 GCC 的 `-L` 和 `-l` 选项，是这种灵活性的组成部分。
|
||||
|
||||
编译软件是开发者经常做的事情，在开源中，一些用户甚至选择自己动手。Linux 播客 Dann Washko 称源码为“通用包格式”，因为它包含了使一个应用在任何平台上运行所需的所有组件。当然，并不是所有的源码都是为所有的系统编写的，所以它只是在目标系统的子集内是“通用”的，但问题是，源码是非常灵活的。有了开源，你可以决定代码的编译和运行方式。
|
||||
编译软件是开发者经常做的事情，在开源世界中，一些用户甚至选择自己动手。Linux 播客 Dann Washko 称源码为“通用包格式”，因为它包含了使一个应用在任何平台上运行所需的所有组件。当然，并不是所有的源码都是为所有的系统编写的，所以它只是在目标系统的子集内是“通用”的，但问题是，源码是非常灵活的。有了开源，你可以决定代码的编译和运行方式。
|
||||
|
||||
当你在编译代码时，你通常要处理多个源文件。开发人员倾向于将不同的类或模块放在不同的文件中，这样它们可以被单独维护，甚至可能被不同的项目使用。但当你编译这些文件时，许多文件会被编译成一个可执行文件。
|
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|
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@ -23,12 +22,12 @@
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||||
|
||||
### 在编译过程中定位一个共享对象
|
||||
|
||||
当你[用 GCC 编译][2]时，你通常需要在你的工作站上安装一个库，以便 GCC 能够定位到它。默认情况下，GCC 假定库在系统库路径中，例如 `/lib64` 和 `/usr/lib64`。然而，如果你要链接到一个你自己的尚未安装的库，或者你需要链接到一个没有安装在标准位置的库，那么你必须帮助 GCC 找到这些文件。
|
||||
当你 [用 GCC 编译][2] 时，你通常需要在你的工作站上安装一个库，以便 GCC 能够定位到它。默认情况下，GCC 假定库在系统库路径中，例如 `/lib64` 和 `/usr/lib64`。然而，如果你要链接到一个你自己的尚未安装的库，或者你需要链接到一个没有安装在标准位置的库，那么你必须帮助 GCC 找到这些文件。
|
||||
|
||||
有两个选项对于在 GCC 中寻找库很重要：
|
||||
|
||||
* -L（大写字母 L）在 GCC 的搜索位置上增加一个额外的库路径。
|
||||
* -l（小写字母 L）设置你要链接的库的名字。
|
||||
* `-L`（大写字母 L）在 GCC 的搜索位置上增加一个额外的库路径。
|
||||
* `-l`（小写字母 L）设置你要链接的库的名字。
|
||||
|
||||
例如，假设你写了一个叫做 `libexample.so` 的库，并且你想在编译你的应用 `demo.c` 时使用它。首先，从 `demo.c` 创建一个对象文件：
|
||||
|
||||
@ -36,7 +35,7 @@
|
||||
$ gcc -I ./include -c src/demo.c
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
`-I` 选项在 GCC 搜索头文件的路径中增加了一个目录。在这个例子中，我假设自定义头文件在一个名为 `include` 的本地目录中。`-c` 选项防止 GCC 运行链接器，因为这个任务只是为了创建一个对象文件。而这正是所发生的：
|
||||
`-I` 选项在 GCC 搜索头文件的路径中增加了一个目录。在这个例子中，我假设自定义头文件在一个名为 `include` 的本地目录中。`-c` 选项防止 GCC 运行链接器，因为这个任务只是为了创建一个对象文件。结果如下：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ ls
|
||||
@ -70,11 +69,11 @@ $ ldd ./myDemo
|
||||
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f514b839000)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
你已经知道`libexample` 不能被定位，但 `ldd` 输出至少确认了对*工作*库的期望。例如，`libc.so.6 `已经被定位，`ldd` 显示其完整路径。
|
||||
你已经知道定位不到 `libexample`，但 `ldd` 输出至少确认了它对*工作*库的期望位置。例如，`libc.so.6 `已经被定位，`ldd` 显示其完整路径。
|
||||
|
||||
### LD_LIBRARY_PATH
|
||||
|
||||
`LD_LIBRARY_PATH` [环境变量][3]定义了库的路径。如果你正在运行一个依赖于没有安装到标准目录的库的应用程，你可以使用 `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` 添加到系统的库搜索路径。
|
||||
`LD_LIBRARY_PATH` [环境变量][3] 定义了库的路径。如果你正在运行一个依赖于没有安装到标准目录的库的应用程，你可以使用 `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` 添加到系统的库搜索路径。
|
||||
|
||||
有几种设置环境变量的方法，但最灵活的是在运行命令前放置环境变量。看看设置 `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` 对 `ldd` 命令在分析一个“损坏”的可执行文件时的作用：
|
||||
|
||||
@ -112,9 +111,8 @@ hello world!
|
||||
|
||||
在大多数情况下，`LD_LIBRARY_PATH` 不是你需要设置的变量。按照设计，库安装到 `/usr/lib64` 中，因此应用自然会在其中搜索所需的库。在两种情况下，你可能需要使用 `LD_LIBRARY_PATH`：
|
||||
|
||||
* 你正在编译的软件需要链接到本身刚刚编译但尚未安装的库。好的构建系统，例如 [Autotools][4] 和 [CMake][5]，可以帮助处理这个问题。
|
||||
|
||||
* 你正在使用设计为在单个目录之外运行的软件，没有安装脚本或将库放置在非标准目录中的安装脚本。一些应用具有 Linux 用户可以下载、复制到 `/opt` 并在“不安装”的情况下运行的版本。`LD_PATH_LIBRARY` 变量是通过封装脚本设置的，因此用户通常甚至不知道它已被设置。
|
||||
* 你正在编译的软件需要链接到本身刚刚编译但尚未安装的库。良好设计的构建系统，例如 [Autotools][4] 和 [CMake][5]，可以帮助处理这个问题。
|
||||
* 你正在使用设计为在单个目录之外运行的软件，它没有安装脚本，或安装脚本将库放置在非标准目录中。一些应用具有 Linux 用户可以下载、复制到 `/opt` 并在“不安装”的情况下运行的版本。`LD_PATH_LIBRARY` 变量是通过封装脚本设置的，因此用户通常甚至不知道它已被设置。
|
||||
|
||||
编译软件为你在运行系统方面提供了很大的灵活性。`LD_LIBRARY_PATH` 变量以及 `-L` 和 `-l` GCC 选项是这种灵活性的组成部分。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -125,7 +123,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/22/5/compile-code-ldlibrarypath
|
||||
作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -3,13 +3,16 @@
|
||||
[#]: author: "Jishnu Saurav Mittapalli https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/jishnu-saurav-mittapalli/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: publisher: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14689-1.html"
|
||||
|
||||
使用机器学习模型进行预测
|
||||
机器学习：使用 Python 进行预测
|
||||
======
|
||||
机器学习基本上是人工智能的一个子集，它使用以前存在的数据对新数据进行预测。当然，现在我们所有人都知道这个道理了！这篇文章展示了如何将 Python 中开发的机器学习模型作为 Java 代码的一部分来进行预测。
|
||||
|
||||
> 机器学习基本上是人工智能的一个子集，它使用以前存在的数据对新数据进行预测。
|
||||
|
||||
当然，现在我们所有人都知道这个道理了！这篇文章展示了如何将 Python 中开发的机器学习模型作为 Java 代码的一部分来进行预测。
|
||||
|
||||
![Machine-learning][1]
|
||||
|
||||
@ -28,14 +31,15 @@ import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
|
||||
```
|
||||
from google.colab import files
|
||||
uploaded = files.upload()
|
||||
for fn in uploaded.keys(): print(‘User uploaded file “{name}” with length {length} bytes’.format(
|
||||
name=fn, length=len(uploaded[fn])))
|
||||
Choose files No file chosen
|
||||
for fn in uploaded.keys():
|
||||
print('User uploaded file "{name}" with length {length} bytes'.format(name=fn, length=len(uploaded[fn])))
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
只有在当前浏览器会话中执行了该单元格时，上传部件才可用。请重新运行此单元，上传文件 *“Hoppers Crossing-Hourly-River-Level.csv”*，大小 2207036 字节。
|
||||
如果没有选择文件的话，选择上传的文件。
|
||||
|
||||
完成后，我们就可以使用 *sklearn 库*来训练我们的模型。为此，我们首先需要导入该库和算法模型，如图 1 所示。
|
||||
只有在当前浏览器会话中执行了该单元格时，上传部件才可用。请重新运行此单元，上传文件 `Hoppers Crossing-Hourly-River-Level.csv`，大小 2207036 字节。
|
||||
|
||||
完成后，我们就可以使用 `sklearn` 库来训练我们的模型。为此，我们首先需要导入该库和算法模型，如图 1 所示。
|
||||
|
||||
![Figure 1: Training the model][2]
|
||||
|
||||
@ -51,7 +55,7 @@ regressor.fit(X_train, y_train)
|
||||
|
||||
### 在 Java 中使用 ML 模型
|
||||
|
||||
我们现在需要做的是把 ML 模型转换成一个可以被 Java 程序使用的模型。有一个叫做 sklearn2pmml 的库可以帮助我们做到这一点：
|
||||
我们现在需要做的是把 ML 模型转换成一个可以被 Java 程序使用的模型。有一个叫做 `sklearn2pmml` 的库可以帮助我们做到这一点：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# Install the library
|
||||
@ -75,7 +79,7 @@ via: https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/05/using-a-machine-learning-model-to-ma
|
||||
作者：[Jishnu Saurav Mittapalli][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
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|
||||
@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Rocket.Chat is Switching to Matrix to Enable Cross-App Messaging"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/rocket-chat-matrix/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Rocket.Chat is Switching to Matrix to Enable Cross-App Messaging
|
||||
======
|
||||
Rocket.Chat is embracing the Matrix protocol to enable decentralized communication for the platform. That’s a huge change, isn’t it?
|
||||
|
||||
![rocket chat matrix][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Rocket.Chat is an excellent open-source messaging (collaboration) platform.
|
||||
|
||||
In fact, it is one of the [best open-source Slack alternatives][2] available. We use it as well for internal communication.
|
||||
|
||||
Rocket.Chat is also making good progress compared to some of its open-source competitors. For instance, they [teamed up with Nextcloud to provide an alternative to Office 365][3].
|
||||
|
||||
And recently announced a switch to Matrix protocol to introduce federation capabilities that allow its users to communicate with users on other platforms. In other words, [Rocket.Chat][4] will be utilizing a decentralized network for communication with the Matrix integration.
|
||||
|
||||
As a Rocket.Chat user; you can talk to users on any other app using the Matrix protocol.
|
||||
|
||||
### Rocket.Chat is Switching to a Decentralized Protocol to Enhance Collaboration
|
||||
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
Matrix protocol is a fantastic choice to enable an interoperable federation. Now, with Rocket.Chat onboard; the decentralized network should be stronger than ever.
|
||||
|
||||
Not to forget, we already have [Element][6], and [Gitter][7], as some of the platforms that already utilize Matrix. So, Rocket.Chat joining the network sounds exciting!
|
||||
|
||||
The [official announcement][8] further explains the collaboration:
|
||||
|
||||
> The Rocket.Chat adoption of Matrix makes it simple for organizations to easily connect with external parties, whether they’re using Rocket.Chat or any other Matrix compatible platform. This initiative is another step forward on Rocket.Chat’s journey to let every conversation flow without compromise and enable full interoperability with its ecosystem.
|
||||
|
||||
The new change with the Matrix network is already available in the latest [alpha release for Rocket.Chat 4.7.0][9]. Unless you want to experiment with it, you should wait for the stable release to introduce the Matrix network support.
|
||||
|
||||
**Aron Ogle** (*Core Developer at Rocket.Chat*) has put together a [guide][10] and a video to help you out if you want to explore the technical details of Rocket.Chat integration with the Matrix. Here’s the video for it:
|
||||
|
||||
![Setting up Rocket Chat to talk with Matrix][11]
|
||||
|
||||
### Is This a Good Move?
|
||||
|
||||
While decentralized tech hasn’t taken the internet by storm, it is promising and makes more sense with its reliability and decentralized capabilities. Matrix protocol has been getting all the praise for a couple of years now, and it seems to be heading in the right direction.
|
||||
|
||||
As of now, most of the big platforms rely on centralized infrastructure to make things work.
|
||||
|
||||
And, with the current implementations, cross-communication is not possible with most of the chat applications.
|
||||
|
||||
So, Rocket.Chat will be making a difference by offering cross-app interactions, like the ability to chat with an Element user on **matrix.org,** as shown in the image above.
|
||||
|
||||
Rocket.Chat entering the scene with Matrix protocol could open up the potential for its competitors or other services to give a second thought to solutions like Matrix protocol.
|
||||
|
||||
*What do you think about Rocket.Chat adopting the Matrix protocol? Share your thoughts in the comments section below.*
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/rocket-chat-matrix/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/rocketchat-matrix-protocol.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/open-source-slack-alternative/
|
||||
[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/rocket-chat-nextcloud-collaboration/
|
||||
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/rocket-chat/
|
||||
[5]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/rocket-chat-matrix.jpg
|
||||
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/element/
|
||||
[7]: https://itsfoss.com/gitter/
|
||||
[8]: https://rocket.chat/press-releases/rocket-chat-leverages-matrix-protocol-for-decentralized-and-interoperable-communications
|
||||
[9]: https://github.com/RocketChat/Rocket.Chat/releases/tag/4.7.0
|
||||
[10]: https://geekgonecrazy.com/2022/05/30/rocketchat-and-the-matrix-protocol/
|
||||
[11]: https://youtu.be/oQhIH8kql9I
|
||||
@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Google Makes Data Centre Scale Encryption Open Source"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/06/google-makes-data-centre-scale-encryption-open-source/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Laveesh Kocher https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/laveesh-kocher/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Google Makes Data Centre Scale Encryption Open Source
|
||||
======
|
||||
![google-ranking-factors][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Google has made open source an encryption scheme it developed to protect traffic between its data centres. PSP, which stands for PSP Security Protocol, was created to relieve Google’s processors of the growing burden of software-based encryption, according to the company. PSP has been hailed as a success in the company’s own environment, and the company has stated that it is “making PSP open source to encourage broader adoption by the community and hardware implementation by additional NIC [network interface card] vendors.” PSP offloads encryption to NICs, which was previously possible with existing encryption schemes, but not at the scale or with the traffic coverage required by Google.
|
||||
|
||||
“At Google’s scale,” the company wrote when announcing its decision, “the cryptographic offload must support millions of live transmission control protocol (TCP) connections and sustain 100,000 new connections per second at peak.”
|
||||
|
||||
Existing security protocols, according to Google Cloud’s Amin Vahdat and Soheil Hassas Yeganeh, had flaws. “While TLS meets our security requirements, it is not an offload-friendly solution because of the tight coupling between the connection state in the kernel and the offload state in hardware. TLS also does not support non-TCP transport protocols, such as UDP”, they stated.
|
||||
|
||||
However, the IPSec protocol cannot be offloaded to hardware at the required scale. “IPSec … cannot economically support our scale partly because they store the full encryption state in an associative hardware table with modest update rates,” the post explains.
|
||||
|
||||
Google added a custom header and trailer to standard User Datagram Protocol (UDP) encapsulation to create PSP. PSP is currently implemented in three ways: one for Google’s Andromeda Linux virtualisation kernel, one for its Snap networking system, and an application-layer version, SoftPSP, created so Google Cloud customers could use PSP on computers with traditional NICs.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/06/google-makes-data-centre-scale-encryption-open-source/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Laveesh Kocher][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/laveesh-kocher/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/google-ranking-factors-e1654074528236.jpg
|
||||
@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Spotify Introduces an Open-Source Tool to Fix a Big Problem for Modern Musicians"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/spotify-basic-pitch/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Spotify Introduces an Open-Source Tool to Fix a Big Problem for Modern Musicians
|
||||
======
|
||||
Spotify’s new open-source tool helps you convert audio to MIDI version. Explore why it is a big deal for modern musicians.
|
||||
|
||||
![spotify][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Spotify is a leading music streaming platform with several open-source projects.
|
||||
|
||||
While most of the projects/tools are built for niche users, they have finally introduced something that seems enticing to all the modern musicians involved with digital music production.
|
||||
|
||||
‘Basic Pitch’ is a new free and open-source tool by Spotify that lets you convert any audio file to its MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) version.
|
||||
|
||||
In case you did not know, with MIDI notes, you can easily tweak what’s being played and analyze more to help you in digital music production.
|
||||
|
||||
### Basic Pitch: Making Things Easier
|
||||
|
||||
With Basic Pitch, one can easily have MIDI notes of an audio file they have always wanted, and with better accuracy.
|
||||
|
||||
![spotify basic pitch][2]
|
||||
|
||||
Spotify explains that it is better than existing note-detection systems by offering some advantages that include:
|
||||
|
||||
> **Polyphonic + instrument-agnostic:** Unlike most other note-detection algorithms, Basic Pitch can track multiple notes at a time and across various instruments, including piano, guitar, and ocarina. Many systems limit users to only monophonic output (one note at a time, like a single vocal melody), or are built for only one kind of instrument.
|
||||
|
||||
> **Pitch bend detection:** Instruments, like guitar or the human voice, allow for more expressiveness through pitch-bending: vibrato, glissando, bends, slides, etc. However, this valuable information is often lost when turning audio into MIDI. Basic Pitch supports this right out of the box.
|
||||
|
||||
> **Speed:** Basic Pitch is light on resources, and is able to run faster than real time on most modern computers ([Bittner et al. 2022][3]).
|
||||
|
||||
Basic Pitch uses a machine learning model that turns various instrumental performances into MIDI. The audio file may also contain your voice, but it should still be able to convert the instrument to its MIDI version.
|
||||
|
||||
![Basic Pitch demo: Convert audio into MIDI using ML][4]
|
||||
|
||||
I tried converting an MP3 karaoke file with a single instrument to get the MIDI notes, and it seemed to work pretty well.
|
||||
|
||||
The tool also lets you process more than one audio file at a time and offers a few parameter controls that include note segmentation, confidence threshold, minimum/maximum pitch, and note length.
|
||||
|
||||
### Made for Creators and Researchers
|
||||
|
||||
Spotify mentions that it targets the creators primarily, but they are also interested to learn how machine learning researchers build upon it and help develop better solutions using the [open-source project on GitHub][5].
|
||||
|
||||
As a creator/musician, you can access the open-source tool on its [official website][6] for a demo. The parameters can be adjusted using the website, and you can also download the MIDI file from there.
|
||||
|
||||
[Basic Pitch][7]
|
||||
|
||||
![spotify basic pitch][8]
|
||||
|
||||
It is also available via [PyPI][9] to install and use via the command-line interface on Linux, Windows, and macOS.
|
||||
|
||||
You can explore its [GitHub page][10] to know more about its usage/commands.
|
||||
|
||||
If you are curious, the [official announcement post][11] provides more technical comparisons and explanations regarding the development of the tool.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/spotify-basic-pitch/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/spotify-midi.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/spotify-basic-pitch-1024x531.png
|
||||
[3]: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9746549
|
||||
[4]: https://youtu.be/DhlvfgS73ZQ?list=PLf1KFlSkDLIAYLdb-SD9s8TdGy0rWIwVr
|
||||
[5]: https://github.com/spotify/basic-pitch
|
||||
[6]: https://basicpitch.spotify.com/
|
||||
[7]: https://basicpitch.spotify.com/
|
||||
[8]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/basic-pitch-parameters.jpg
|
||||
[9]: https://pypi.org/
|
||||
[10]: https://github.com/spotify/basic-pitch
|
||||
[11]: https://engineering.atspotify.com/2022/06/meet-basic-pitch/
|
||||
@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Cloud Storage Service Internxt Has a Photos Feature as a Google Photos Alternative"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/internxt-photos/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Cloud Storage Service Internxt Has a Photos Feature as a Google Photos Alternative
|
||||
======
|
||||
Internxt is already an interesting cloud storage service. It also has a Photos feature that can be a replacement to Google Photos for some.
|
||||
|
||||
![internxt photos][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Internxt is an open-source encrypted cloud service with a native Linux client. Our [older article][2] explaining its cloud storage service can be an interesting read if you did not know about it.
|
||||
|
||||
Initially, we focused on their cloud storage offering. And, it seems like we missed out on another product “Photos” that was unveiled by them last month in a tweet.
|
||||
|
||||
[Internxt Photos][3] pitches itself as an open-source Google Photo alternative with privacy and security in mind.
|
||||
|
||||
*The post includes an affiliate link for Internxt. If you get a subscription through our link, we get a commission, and you get to support us at no extra cost to you.*
|
||||
|
||||
### Internxt Photos with Zero-Knowledge Encryption
|
||||
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
Internxt Photos claims that it puts privacy and security at its core compared to some competitors in the industry.
|
||||
|
||||
While respecting user privacy, they also try to offer the basic features that help you easily organize the photos you upload to the service.
|
||||
|
||||
Note that the Photos service is included with the cloud storage subscription. Unlike Google’s offering, there are no separate pricing plans for just storing the Photos.
|
||||
|
||||
Likewise, you need to rely on the same Internxt app to access your Photo gallery.
|
||||
|
||||
You should not have anything to worry about considering the Internxt app is available on the Google Play Store, and the App Store as well.
|
||||
|
||||
The photos you upload to the gallery get synced across multiple devices. So, even if you do not have access to one of your devices, it should not be a problem.
|
||||
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
The look of the photo gallery seems inspired by Apple’s Photos app, but that’s a good approach for simplicity and usability. The Photos also provide you the ability to share photos with your friends and family using a link. You can also customize the link to tweak the open limit to control access to your shared links.
|
||||
|
||||
Considering it as an open-source encrypted alternative with a primary cloud storage offering to mainstream Photo storage services, does this sound like something interesting to you?
|
||||
|
||||
You can get started using our link to the product page to explore more about it and get started. The [GitHub page][6] can also be useful if you’re curious.
|
||||
|
||||
[Internxt Photos][7]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/internxt-photos/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/internxt-photos.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/internxt-cloud-service/
|
||||
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/go/internxt-photos/
|
||||
[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/internxt-gallery.jpg
|
||||
[5]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/mobile-photos-share-mockup-506x1024.webp
|
||||
[6]: https://github.com/internxt
|
||||
[7]: https://itsfoss.com/go/internxt-photos/
|
||||
@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Linux Kernel 5.19 RC1 Released, Concluding ARM Generic Kernel Work"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/06/linux-kernel-5-19-rc1/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Linux Kernel 5.19 RC1 Released, Concluding ARM Generic Kernel Work
|
||||
======
|
||||
Linus Torvalds releases Linux Kernel 5.19 RC1 for testing, bringing a vast amount of changes.
|
||||
|
||||
Following the [Linux Kernel 5.18][1] release last month, Linus Torvalds announced the first release candidate availability of Linux Kernel 5.19. With this announcement, the official merge window of Linux Kernel 5.19 closes, meaning no new features are to be accepted unless it’s critical.
|
||||
|
||||
A brief look at the new items in Linux Kernel 5.19 shows regular updates across CPU, GPU, networking, storage and core modules. In addition, the code cleanups, removal of obsolete hardware and continuous support for future chipsets are the highlight of this release.
|
||||
|
||||
Without further introduction, let’s take a look at the new features.
|
||||
|
||||
### Linux Kernel 5.19 – New Features (RC1)
|
||||
|
||||
#### Processor
|
||||
|
||||
First and foremost, Linux Kernel 5.19 begins [initial support][2]for the LoongArch CPU family. It is developed by the Chinese company [Loongson][3]. LoongArch CPUs are the general general-purpose, MIPS architecture-compatible microprocessors. Although the support is now available, you can not boot Linux in these CPUs because some code is still under review. And hopefully, they will be already in the 5.20 version.
|
||||
|
||||
The new [Intel IFS driver lands][4] in this version which helps to detect hardware issues before deployment and after. It will help detect CPU faults at the circuit level at an early stage.
|
||||
|
||||
The power management and thermal work have continued for the last couple of Kernel releases for Intel CPUs. And [this release][5] also is no exception. Firstly, the Intel Run-Time Average Power Limiting (RAPL) support was added for Raptor and Alder Lake family. Second, the P-state driver is improved to handle frequency variance and CPU based scaling support is added to the passive devfreq.
|
||||
|
||||
While the thermal and power dominated Intel CPUs, AMD sees more performance updates in its own CPU families. Firstly, more updates were [introduced][6] in the Instruction-Based Sampling (IBS) module for AMD Zen 4 CPUs are planned for the end of this year. Moreover, PerfMonV2 is introduced in this release giving more performance monitoring capabilities.
|
||||
|
||||
Furthermore, the a.out support is removed in this release. Also, the Renesas H8/300 CPU architecture support is removed as its obsolete by now.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Major ARM update
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, the mainline Linux Kernel can [support multiple ARM platforms][7] with this release. This is a big step in this version, which is heard in Linus’s opening note on this Rc1 release. This is a long process that started with Linux 3.7 and spanned more than a decade of work and patches.
|
||||
|
||||
![Linux Kernel 5.19 Rc1 release announcement mentions ARM changes][8]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Graphics and Storage Updates
|
||||
|
||||
The storage subsystem sees performance improvements across popular file systems. The significant changes include Apple M1 NVMe controller support and better support for the XFS file system. In addition, enhancements arrive for Btrfs, F2FS and exFAT file systems.
|
||||
|
||||
One of the exciting metrics in terms of LOC is Linux Kernel 5.19 adds around [half-million lines of code][9] for the Graphics driver alone. It includes graphics updates across AMD RDNA, CDNA, Intel’s Raptor Lake, Intel’s DG2/Alchemist and more.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Important Networking Changes
|
||||
|
||||
Looking at the massive growth in the data transmission, the support for Big TCP lands which helps the data centre traffic at a range of 400GBit. It also aims to give lower latency in high-performance networking environments.
|
||||
|
||||
The Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) continues its improvements. In addition to that, Qualcomm ath11k WiFi driver adds wake-on-lan support in this version. Also, support is added for Realtek 8852ce chipset, MediaTek T700 modems and Rensas RZ/V2M
|
||||
|
||||
#### Other Notable Features
|
||||
|
||||
Firstly, the famous random number generator in Kernel [continues][10] its improvements in this release.
|
||||
|
||||
Second, the famous and emerging Framework Modular Laptop gets this release Chrome OS EC Driver support. The Framework laptop now can take advantage of ChromeOS’s embedded controller as a non-Chromebook device.
|
||||
|
||||
Moreover, more updates arrive at Wacom tabs and other related devices. It [includes][11] improved support for Lenovo Thinkpad TrackPoint II, Google Whiskers Touchpad, Lenovo X12 TrackPoint, etc.
|
||||
|
||||
### Linux Kernel 5.19 Download
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to test and try this release candidate, download the release tarball [here][12]. Or refer below for a direct link to tar and diffs.
|
||||
|
||||
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
|
||||
| :- | :- | :- | :- | :- | :- | :- | :- | :- |
|
||||
| mainline: | 5.19-rc1 | 2022-06-06 | [tarball][13] | | [patch][14] | | [view diff][15] | [browse][16] |
|
||||
|
||||
There will be multiple kernel iterations until the final release, expected around July 2022.
|
||||
|
||||
*[Via Kernel mailing list.][17]*
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/06/linux-kernel-5-19-rc1/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/linux-kernel-5-18/
|
||||
[2]: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=c6f2f3e2c80e975804360665d973211e4d9390cb
|
||||
[3]: http://www.loongson.cn/
|
||||
[4]: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/13e61c61-0d4b-5f48-6373-f056bf8b603f@redhat.com/
|
||||
[5]: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-acpi/CAJZ5v0hKBt3js65w18iKxzWoN5QuEc84_2xcM6paSv-ZHwe3Rw@mail.gmail.com/
|
||||
[6]: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/You6yGPUttvBcg8s@gmail.com/
|
||||
[7]: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=ecf0aa5317b0ad6bb015128a5b763c954fd58708
|
||||
[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Linux-Kernel-5.19-Rc1-release-announcement-mentions-ARM-changes.jpg
|
||||
[9]: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAPM=9tw62EZfAm0PbiOPmMrpfR98QMFTWGEQcA34G4ap4xxNkA@mail.gmail.com/
|
||||
[10]: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20220522214457.37108-1-Jason@zx2c4.com/T/#u
|
||||
[11]: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/nycvar.YFH.7.76.2205241107530.28985@cbobk.fhfr.pm/
|
||||
[12]: https://www.kernel.org/
|
||||
[13]: https://git.kernel.org/torvalds/t/linux-5.19-rc1.tar.gz
|
||||
[14]: https://git.kernel.org/torvalds/p/v5.19-rc1/v5.18
|
||||
[15]: https://git.kernel.org/torvalds/ds/v5.19-rc1/v5.18
|
||||
[16]: https://git.kernel.org/torvalds/h/v5.19-rc1
|
||||
[17]: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAHk-=wgZt-YDSKfdyES2p6A_KJoG8DwQ0mb9CeS8jZYp+0Y2Rw@mail.gmail.com/T/#u
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Atom Text Editor Will Officially Be Terminated Later This Year"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/06/atom-text-editor-will-officially-be-terminated-later-this-year/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Laveesh Kocher https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/laveesh-kocher/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Atom Text Editor Will Officially Be Terminated Later This Year
|
||||
======
|
||||
![github-cover][1]
|
||||
|
||||
On December 15, Microsoft’s GitHub will shut down Atom, its open source text editor that inspired and influenced widely used commercial apps such as Microsoft Visual Studio Code, Slack, and GitHub Desktop. The social code company stated that it is doing so to focus on cloud-based software.
|
||||
|
||||
GitHub Codespaces is a cloud-hosted development environment with Visual Studio Code integration. When Microsoft acquired Github in June 2018, Nat Friedman, the CEO at the time, reassured the GitHub community that Atom was still alive and well.
|
||||
|
||||
Atom has come to a halt after four years of progress. Apart from maintenance and security updates, the project hasn’t seen significant feature development in several years, according to GitHub. Community involvement has declined during this time, and the business of locally installed software now appears less appealing than the potential recurring revenue, vendor lock-in, and information gathering enabled by cloud-based apps.
|
||||
|
||||
The Atom shell – a separate component for integrating with Chromium, Node.js, and native APIs – was renamed Electron (a cross-platform app framework based on web tech) in 2015, and Microsoft began working with GitHub on Atom and Electron and what would become Visual Studio Code.
|
||||
|
||||
That relationship has now followed the famous Microsoft model of embrace, extend, and extinguish, though Atom’s demise appears to be more like pushing dead weight out of a cloud-bound balloon than a strategically advantageous hit.
|
||||
|
||||
Atom’s influence should be felt through the Electron framework. Electron.js is still the foundation for apps such as Discord, Skype, Slack, Trello, and Visual Studio Code, among others. However, technology evolves. Microsoft previously stated that it intends to abandon Electron in Teams. Other cross-platform frameworks, such as Flutter, Tauri, and Microsoft’s recently announced.NET Multi-platform App UI (.NET MAUI), may gain traction as well.
|
||||
|
||||
Nonetheless, Atom is expected to operate past its December 15, 2022 decommissioning date. GitHub intends to archive the Atom repository, but the code is open source and available to anyone who wants to champion the project.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/06/atom-text-editor-will-officially-be-terminated-later-this-year/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Laveesh Kocher][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/laveesh-kocher/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/github-cover-e1654769639273.jpg
|
||||
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.linux.com/news/why-do-enterprises-use-and-contribute-to-open-source-software/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Dan Whiting https://www.linuxfoundation.org/blog/why-do-enterprises-use-and-contribute-to-open-source-software/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: translator: "aREversez"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ via: https://www.linux.com/news/why-do-enterprises-use-and-contribute-to-open-so
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Dan Whiting][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
译者：[aREversez](https://github.com/aREversez)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
120
sources/talk/20220609 SSL Certificates- Make the Right Choice.md
Normal file
120
sources/talk/20220609 SSL Certificates- Make the Right Choice.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "SSL Certificates: Make the Right Choice"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/06/ssl-certificates-make-the-right-choice/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Jitendra Bhojwani https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/jitendra-bhojwani/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
SSL Certificates: Make the Right Choice
|
||||
======
|
||||
Increasingly sophisticated techniques are being used to hack into data today. So it has become extremely important to use even better ways to protect your customers’ data. SSL certification is one such way. This article looks at the different types of SSL certificates and how to choose one that suits your organisation.
|
||||
|
||||
![SSL-certificate][1]
|
||||
|
||||
*Increasingly sophisticated techniques are being used to hack into data today. So it has become extremely important to use even better ways to protect your customers’ data. SSL certification is one such way. This article looks at the different types of SSL certificates and how to choose one that suits your organisation.*
|
||||
|
||||
SSL certificates are an apt solution for securing data in transit. They create an automated mechanism to encrypt the transfer of data between the server and browser (or site and visitor). This encryption can only be decrypted by the intended system. So it discourages hackers from stealing data, and offers complete security against transit attacks on it.
|
||||
|
||||
Along with securing communication, SSL certificates also build trust with customers and help you emerge as a credible business by displaying virtual trust icons like a padlock, HTTPS prefix, and a green address bar. So let’s learn about the major types of SSL certificates and how to choose the one that works best for you.
|
||||
|
||||
### SSL certificate options: Similarities and differences
|
||||
|
||||
Let’s first discuss the basic similarity all SSL certificates share. Regardless of their type, price and scope, every SSL certificate encrypts the to-and-fro communication between the site’s server and the Internet browser of your visitor.
|
||||
|
||||
The difference lies in the terms and conditions of the validation process and the number of domains/subdomains it covers, etc. Proceeding to purchase an SSL certificate without first reviewing your present and future needs may result in costly mistakes, and you may end up paying a hefty amount for advanced features that are irrelevant to your business. Or you may get tempted to buy a cheap certificate that isn’t a perfect fit for your business needs.
|
||||
Due to the crucial role it plays, an SSL certificate is issued by an official certificate authority after a thorough verification procedure to confirm the legitimacy of ownership. So, this certificate not only encrypts the communication between websites and audiences, but also ensures the legal position of a site. It plays a vital role in building trust.
|
||||
|
||||
As you have now understood why we need a SSL certificate, we can discuss the different types of popular SSL certificates, along with their benefits and issuance procedures.
|
||||
|
||||
### Domain validation (DV) SSL certificate
|
||||
|
||||
The most basic of the three types of SSL certificates, the DV or domain validation certificate confirms the ownership of a domain through an automated online process. All you have to do is to complete a few basic steps to prove that you are the legitimate owner of the domain to get this certificate. Though easiest to get, this type of certificate helps in building only a basic level of trust.
|
||||
|
||||
After completing the DV certification procedure, you are allocated trust-building visual elements — a static seal, a padlock icon, and an HTTPS prefix in your URL.
|
||||
|
||||
Cheapest prices and quick, automated processes are the two major benefits of a DV certificate. On the flip side, you get only the basic trust signs that aren’t enough to satisfy the security concerns of more demanding customers or visitors.
|
||||
|
||||
*Important to know:* DV misses the most important trust sign — vetting the real, legal business that owns the domain name. For instance, suppose Mr X buys a domain ‘abc.com’ to lure gullible people into investing money in a business that seems genuine. Being a legitimate domain owner, he can get a DV through an automated process. With HTTPS URLs and other trust signs, it is easy to gain people’s trust too. However, the company (or fraud mechanism) behind this domain isn’t vetted/verified, which makes it easier for Mr X to continue duping investors of their hard-earned money.
|
||||
|
||||
Is DV SSL the right choice for you?: DV is best for a small and general website, which doesn’t demand or require any sensitive information that can be misused like credit card numbers, social security information, or details of a financial portfolio. For websites that post children’s stories, general e-magazines, personal blogs, professional portfolios, and other static websites on general topics, a DV certificate is a perfect and cheap solution. Securing more mission-critical sites that collect sensitive data like credit card numbers and social security details is a different story though.
|
||||
|
||||
### Organisation validation (OV) SSL certificate
|
||||
|
||||
As the name suggests, the OV certificate not only validates the domain ownership but also vets the real identity of the organisation to which the domain officially belongs. It builds an extra layer of trust for visitors who have stronger concerns, by displaying the key information about the business. Interested visitors just need to check the details of the certificate to ascertain the credibility of the company.
|
||||
|
||||
As compared to a DV certificate, an OV certification requires a more detailed process carried out by an authorised certificate authority that demands and vets key documents representing the legal status of the company. Hence, along with domain ownership, this certificate also assures that it is owned by a legitimate organisation.
|
||||
|
||||
Though the issuance process is more expensive and demanding, this type of certificate does empower you to position your company as a legal, real company doing legitimate business. It makes you stand out and even more concerned visitors are able to trust your organisation.
|
||||
|
||||
Is OV the right choice for you?: Sites that ask for sensitive data that can be misused by threat actors should obtain this certificate. E-commerce sites with online payment gateways, digital health practitioners, government websites that demand citizens’ information, defence-related websites, online trading platforms, or professional networking sites are all the right candidates for obtaining an OV certificate.
|
||||
|
||||
### Extended validation (EV) SSL certificate
|
||||
|
||||
In the digital domain, visuals matter a lot. A company seal, security icons, or even assuring colours (like green) can go a long way in leaving a lasting impression, winning you a big deal or helping you forge business relations with dynamic brands.
|
||||
|
||||
The vetting procedure for issuing an EV SSL certificate is quite stringent and involves a manual process as well. It starts by verifying the ownership of the domain. After that, the certification authority asks for your identification number. Next, it gets your legal working contact number from relevant authentic sources. That contact number is manually verified by calling your office and talking with the real person. Only after satisfying all such verification parameters can you get the EV certificate.
|
||||
|
||||
Unlike an OV certificate, you don’t just get a static site seal with a basic look, but get dynamic seals as well. Additionally, the full legal company name is displayed in the address bar along with a green-coloured padlock. Added to this, the entire address bar turns green as soon as your site loads. All these visible signs vouch for the legality of your firm, build a ‘visual comfort zone’ and reaffirm the credibility of your organisation.
|
||||
|
||||
Such certificates satisfy the sophisticated digital security vetting parameters of global brands and corporate conglomerates. If highly expensive items like gold and diamond jewellery are being sold on a website, then such superior trust factors satisfy the higher trust demands of buyers. Though this certificate is the most expensive among all the SSL certificates, it is worth investing in the extra dollars as it has the potential to significantly boost your sales revenue.
|
||||
|
||||
### Scope of different SSL certificates
|
||||
|
||||
Apart from the type of certificate, the other crucial question is: how many digital properties you want your certificate to cover? If you own a single domain property and do not want to expand in the foreseeable future, then a single DV would do for you. But what if you own, say, 20 different domains — most of which deal with e-commerce or collect sensitive client information? It wouldn’t be practical to buy the more expensive EV certificate for each of these domains. Here is some guidance on that.
|
||||
|
||||
### Wildcard SSL certificate
|
||||
|
||||
With a single wildcard SSL certificate you can protect the main domain and practically unlimited sub-domains related to it. For instance, yoursite.com (the main domain) may have three subdomains:
|
||||
|
||||
* mail.yoursite.com
|
||||
* login.yoursite.com
|
||||
* ftp.yoursite.com
|
||||
|
||||
This certificate relieves you from the stress and expenses of purchasing a separate certificate for every domain after going through the complete validation process, followed by an installation process for each. It also saves you a lot of time on repetitive processes and almost eliminates potential errors.
|
||||
|
||||
| - |
|
||||
| :- |
|
||||
| Note: Both DV and OV offer wildcard certificate options. |
|
||||
|
||||
### Multi-domain (or SAN SSL) certificate
|
||||
|
||||
One level above the wildcard SSL certificate is the multi-domain certificate, which helps to secure primary domains and their related subdomains. It does everything that a wildcard certificate can do, and more. If you own multiple domains and want a uniform and standard SSL security for all, then a multi-domain certificate is the right choice for you.
|
||||
|
||||
### Is SSL certification only about visual trust signs?
|
||||
|
||||
Obviously, when you spend significant money on an SSL certificate you would like to get more than security icons or trust signals. Well, your certification authority does offer a specific amount of warranty or a payback if your customers become victims of a fraud. The amount of this warranty depends upon the type of certificate and how much it costs.
|
||||
|
||||
### How to choose the ideal certificate authority (CA) for SSL
|
||||
|
||||
The next question is: who can judge the judge? It is you. Carefully consider some of the prime factors while finding the right SSL certificate provider/CA for your site. Before buying any certificate, thoroughly vet the reputation, credentials and experience of the certificate authority.
|
||||
|
||||
Also, ask questions. Do they have a credible history? What type of customers do they have in their repertoire? Do they have an impressive portfolio of regular customers? Most importantly, is the company passively following old industry standards, or is it actively investing in research and development on how to prevent the latest cyber frauds? All such questions will help you to make informed decisions and get the best value for your money.
|
||||
|
||||
Also make another very important check: Has any major browser banned the CA? The very objective of the SSL certificate is defeated if the CA has been banned by a major browser.
|
||||
|
||||
### How long does it take for an SSL certificate to be issued?
|
||||
|
||||
The time taken to issue a certificate varies and depends upon the validation procedure and its requirements. A DV certificate, for instance, is issued within minutes as it has the least verification requirements. An OV SSL, with more detailed vetting requirements, can take up to three days for issuance. Since it has the most demanding vetting process, the EV certificate can take up to four days for issuance.
|
||||
|
||||
The validation period of the certificate, along with its credibility and scope, plays an important role in influencing its price. It is always best to use your discretion, and find a fine balance between the price and value of the certificate.
|
||||
|
||||
A few reputed SSL certificates go the extra mile and also offer extra security measures to customers. You can never be secure enough on a digital platform. So it is always best to see if such additional security elements will be helpful. However, your prime focus should be the credibility and portfolio of the company. It isn’t wise to compromise with that just to get some extra security elements.
|
||||
|
||||
SSL certificates encrypt the data and information that customers share with organisations. They help to save customers from data theft and misuse by threat actors. But it’s always advisable to check the credibility and reviews of a certificate authority carefully before buying a SSL certificate from it.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/06/ssl-certificates-make-the-right-choice/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Jitendra Bhojwani][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/jitendra-bhojwani/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/SSL-certificate.jpg
|
||||
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/3/raspberry-pi-countdown-clock)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Chris Collins https://opensource.com/users/clcollins)
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( Donkey-Hao )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,163 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "How to Install FFmpeg in Ubuntu and Other Linux"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/06/install-ffmpeg-ubuntu/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "aREversez"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
How to Install FFmpeg in Ubuntu and Other Linux
|
||||
======
|
||||
This tutorial outlines the steps required to install FFmpeg in Ubuntu and Other Linux systems.
|
||||
|
||||
The ffmpeg is a collection library and software program to manipulate multimedia files. The entire ffmpeg is a robust set of libraries that allows you to convert, stream, and manipulate audio and video files. Many frontend Linux applications use it as backend hence depends on it. For example, a screen recording application may need ffmpeg to convert recorded streams to gif images.
|
||||
|
||||
Popular applications and services that use FFmpeg are VLC Media Player, YouTube, Blender, Kodi, Shotcut, and Handbrake – to name a few.
|
||||
|
||||
Fun fact: NASA’s Mars 2020 mission rover Perseverance used FFmpeg to complete and process images and video before beaming back to Earth!
|
||||
|
||||
### About ffmpeg package
|
||||
|
||||
The [ffmpeg][1] itself is a powerful program as a command-line utility. It is available for Linux, Windows, and macOS and supports many architectures. It is written in C and Assembly, providing extensive performance and a cross-platform utility.
|
||||
|
||||
#### The Core
|
||||
|
||||
The core of ffmpeg is the command-line utility or programs. They can be used on the command line or called from any programming language. For example, you can use these from your shell program, python script, etc.
|
||||
|
||||
* ffmpeg: Used to convert audio and video streams, including sources from LIVE streams such as TV cards
|
||||
* ffplay: Media player bundled in this package to play media
|
||||
* ffprobe: Command line tool to show media information – can output as txtm csv, xml, json formats
|
||||
|
||||
### FFmpeg Installation
|
||||
|
||||
Installing FFmpeg is easy in Ubuntu and other Linux distributions. Open a terminal prompt and run the following commands to install.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Ubuntu and similar distro
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt install ffmpeg
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Fedora
|
||||
|
||||
For Fedora Linux, you need to add the [RPM Fusion repo][2] for FFmpeg. The official Fedora repo doesn’t have the FFmpeg package.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo dnf install https://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo dnf install https://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo dnf install ffmpeg
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Arch Linux
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
pacman -S ffmpeg
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
After the successful installation, you can verify the installation using the below command.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
ffmpeg --version
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![FFmpeg installed in Ubuntu Linux][3]
|
||||
|
||||
### Example: How to do basic tasks using ffmpeg
|
||||
|
||||
First, let me give you a simple example of the basic syntax. Consider the following example. It simply converts an mp4 file to mkv file.
|
||||
|
||||
1. Convert a basic video file
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
ffmpeg -i big_buck_bunny.mp4 big_buck_bunny.mkv
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Of course, this is the easiest method, but it’s not complete because it doesn’t have the bit rate, resolution and other attributes of the video file required for the conversion.
|
||||
|
||||
1. Convert an audio file
|
||||
|
||||
Secondly, you can convert an audio file using a similar command.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
ffmpeg -i sunny_day.ogg sunny_day.mp3
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
1. Convert with an audio and video codec
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, the following example can convert a video file using specified codecs. The parameter `-c` with `a` or `v` defines audio and video, respectively. The below command uses `libvpx` video and `libvorbis` audio codec for conversion.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
ffmpeg -i big_buck_bunny.mp4 -c:v libvpx -c:a libvorbis big_buck_bunny.webm
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### How to find out about the available codecs, encoders and decoders in your system?
|
||||
|
||||
#### List all codecs
|
||||
|
||||
To list all the codecs available, run the below command.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
ffmpeg -codecs
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This command lists all the codecs available with their capability, whether they support decoding or encoding, etc. Moreover, they are identified with the position as per the below table.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
D..... = Decoding supported.E.... = Encoding supported..V... = Video codec..A... = Audio codec..S... = Subtitle codec...I.. = Intra frame-only codec....L. = Lossy compression.....S = Lossless compression
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![FFmpeg Codec list][4]
|
||||
|
||||
#### List all encoders
|
||||
|
||||
Listing all the encoders is accessible via the below command.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
ffmpeg -encoders
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### List all decoders
|
||||
|
||||
Similarly, the decoders list you can get via the below command.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
ffmpeg -decoders
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Details
|
||||
|
||||
You can also get more details about the encoders or decoders using the parameter -h.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
ffmpeg -h decoder=mp3
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Summary
|
||||
|
||||
I hope you learned the basics of FFmpeg and its commands. You can learn more about the program via the official [documentation][5].
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/06/install-ffmpeg-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[aREversez](https://github.com/aREversez)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://ffmpeg.org/
|
||||
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/07/enable-rpm-fusion-fedora-rhel-centos/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/FFmpeg-installed-in-Ubuntu-Linux.jpg
|
||||
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/FFmpeg-Codec-list.jpg
|
||||
[5]: https://ffmpeg.org/documentation.html
|
||||
@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "6 Linux word processors you need to try"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/6/word-processors-linux"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Don Watkins https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "duoluoxiaosheng"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
6 Linux word processors you need to try
|
||||
======
|
||||
Check out one of my favorite open source word processors to put your ideas to paper.
|
||||
|
||||
![Typewriter with hands][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Image by: rawpixel.com. CC0.
|
||||
|
||||
Writers are always looking for better ways to put their words and ideas into readable formats to share with their readers. My first experiences with word processing came in my Apple II days when I used AppleWorks and later FrEDWriter, which was a free word processing application created in 1985. It was the standard for my students, many of whom came from households that lacked the money to purchase proprietary software.
|
||||
|
||||
### Abiword
|
||||
|
||||
When I made the switch to Linux in the late 1990's, I was looking for high quality writing software that I could use and recommend to students who chose to follow my lead in the world of open source software. The first word processor I became familiar with was [AbiWord][2]. The name AbiWord is derived from the Spanish word, abierto, which means open. It was Initially released in 1998 and it has been under continuous development. It is licensed as GPLv2. It supports basic word processing such as lists, indents and character formats. It supports a variety of import and export file formats including `.doc`, `.html`, `.docx`, and `.odt`.
|
||||
|
||||
![Image of Abiword][3]
|
||||
|
||||
### Etherpad
|
||||
|
||||
[Etherpad][4] is an open source group editing project. It allows you to edit documents in real time much like Google Drive. The main difference is that it is entirely open source. According to their website you can, "write articles, press releases, to-do lists, together with your friends, fellow students or colleagues, all working on the same document at the same time." The source code is readily available to look at. Etherpad is licensed as Apache 2.0. You can use Etherpad in the cloud or download and [install][5] it on your own Linux computer.
|
||||
|
||||
### Cryptpad
|
||||
|
||||
[CryptPad][6] is a collaboration suite that is end-to-end encrypted. It is licensed with GPLv3 and its source code is available on [GitHub][7]. It was developed by [Xwiki][8] Labs. It is an alternative to Google Drive and is self hosted. According to their website, "CryptPad is built to enable collaboration. It synchronizes changes to documents in real time. Because all data is encrypted, the service and its administrators have no way of seeing the content being edited and stored.” Cryptpad offers extensive [documentation][9] for users.
|
||||
|
||||
### Focuswriter
|
||||
|
||||
[FocusWriter][10] is a simple distraction free editor. It uses a hideaway interface that you access by moving your mouse to the edges of the screen. It is licensed with GPLv3 and it's available on Linux with Flatpak,via DEB on [Ubuntu][11], and RPM on [Fedora][12]. This is an example of the FocusWriter desktop. A very simple and intuitive interface where the menu automatically hides until you move your mouse pointer to the top or sides of the screen. Files are saved by default as an `.odt`, but it also supports plain text, `.docx`, and Rich text.
|
||||
|
||||
![Image of FocusWriter][13]
|
||||
|
||||
### LibreOffice Writer
|
||||
|
||||
[LibreOffice Writer][14] is my favorite. I have been using it for over a dozen years. It has all the features I need including formatting for rich text. It also has the largest array of import and export options I have seen in any word processor. There are dozens of templates available for specialty formats like [APA][15] for research and publication. I love that I can export directly to PDF and ‘epub' from any word processor. LibreOffice Writer is free software with the Mozilla Public License 2.0. The s[ource code][16] for LibreOffice is from the Document Foundation. LibreOffice comes standard with most Linux distribution. It is also available as Flatpak, Snap, and AppImage. In addition, you can download and install it on MacOS and Windows.
|
||||
|
||||
![Image of LibreOffice work space][17]
|
||||
|
||||
### OpenOffice Writer
|
||||
|
||||
Apache [OpenOffice Writer][18] is a complete word processor. It's simple enough for memos yet complex enough to write your first book. According to their website, OpenOffice Writer automatically saves documents in ‘open document format'. Documents can also be saved in `.doc`, `.docx`, Rich Text, and other formats. OpenOffice Writer is licensed with an Apache License 2.0. Source code and is available on [GitHub][19].
|
||||
|
||||
There is a wealth of free open source software waiting for you to discover. They are great for getting your everyday tasks done and you can also contribute to their development. What is your favorite Linux word processor application?
|
||||
|
||||
Image by: (Don Watkins, CC BY-SA 4.0)
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/22/6/word-processors-linux
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Don Watkins][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/typewriter-hands.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://www.abisource.com/
|
||||
[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-05/abiword.png
|
||||
[4]: https://etherpad.org/#
|
||||
[5]: https://github.com/ether/etherpad-lite#installation
|
||||
[6]: https://cryptpad.fr/what-is-cryptpad.html
|
||||
[7]: https://github.com/xwiki-labs/cryptpad
|
||||
[8]: https://github.com/xwiki-labs
|
||||
[9]: https://docs.cryptpad.fr/en/user_guide/index.html
|
||||
[10]: https://gottcode.org/focuswriter/
|
||||
[11]: https://packages.ubuntu.com/jammy/focuswriter
|
||||
[12]: https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/focuswriter
|
||||
[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-05/focuswriter.png
|
||||
[14]: https://www.libreoffice.org/discover/writer/
|
||||
[15]: https://extensions.libreoffice.org/en/extensions/show/apa-style-paper-template
|
||||
[16]: https://www.libreoffice.org/about-us/source-code/
|
||||
[17]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-05/Libreofficewriter.png
|
||||
[18]: https://www.openoffice.org/product/writer.html
|
||||
[19]: https://github.com/apache/openoffice
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "A guide to container orchestration with Kubernetes"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/6/container-orchestration-kubernetes"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
A guide to container orchestration with Kubernetes
|
||||
======
|
||||
To learn all about container orchestration with Kubernetes, download our new eBook.
|
||||
|
||||
![CC-BY-SA William Kenlon http://www.williamkenlon.com][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Image by: William Kenlon. CC BY-SA 4.0
|
||||
|
||||
The term orchestration is relatively new to the IT industry, and it still has nuance that eludes or confuses people who don't spend all day orchestrating. When I describe orchestration to someone, it usually sounds like I'm just describing automation. That's not quite right. In fact, I wrote a whole article differentiating [automation and orchestration][2].
|
||||
|
||||
An easy way to think about it is that orchestration is just a form of automation. To understand how you can benefit from orchestration, it helps to understand what specifically it automates.
|
||||
|
||||
### Understanding containers
|
||||
|
||||
A container is an image of a file system containing only what's required to run a specific task. Most people don't build containers from scratch, although reading about [how it's done][3] can be elucidating. Instead, it's more common to pull an existing image from a public container hub.
|
||||
|
||||
A container engine is an application that runs a container. When a container is run, it's launched with a kernel mechanism called a `cgroup`, which keeps processes within the container separate from processes running outside the container.
|
||||
|
||||
### Run a container
|
||||
|
||||
You can run a container on your own Linux computer easily with [Podman][4], [Docker][5], or [LXC][6]. They all use similar commands. I recommend Podman, as it's daemonless, meaning a process doesn't have to be running all the time for a container to launch. With Podman, your container engine runs only when necessary. Assuming you have a container engine installed, you can run a container just by referring to a container image you know to exist on a public container hub.
|
||||
|
||||
For instance, to run an Nginx web server:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ podman run -p 8080:80 nginx
|
||||
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
|
||||
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
|
||||
[...]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Open a separate terminal to test it using [curl][7]:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ curl --no-progress-meter localhost:8080 | html2text
|
||||
# Welcome to nginx!
|
||||
|
||||
If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
|
||||
working. Further configuration is required.
|
||||
|
||||
For online documentation and support please refer to
|
||||
[nginx.org](http://nginx.org/).
|
||||
Commercial support is available at [nginx.com](http://nginx.com/).
|
||||
|
||||
_Thank you for using nginx._
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
As web server installs go, that's pretty easy.
|
||||
|
||||
Now imagine that the website you've just deployed gets an unexpected spike in traffic. You hadn't planned for that, and even though Nginx is a very resilient web server, everything has its limits. With enough simultaneous traffic, even Nginx can crash. Now what?
|
||||
|
||||
### Sustaining containers
|
||||
|
||||
Containers are cheap. In other words, as you've just experienced, they're trivial to launch.
|
||||
|
||||
You can use systemd to make a container resilient, too, so that a container automatically relaunches even in the event of a crash. This is where using Podman comes in handy. Podman has a command to generate a systemd service file based on an existing container:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ podman create --name mynginx -p 8080:80 nginx
|
||||
$ podman generate systemd mynginx \
|
||||
--restart-policy=always -t 5 -f -n
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You can launch your container service as a regular user:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ mkdir -p ~/.config/systemd/user
|
||||
$ mv ./container-mynginx.service ~/.config/systemd/user/
|
||||
$ systemctl enable --now --user container-mynginx.service
|
||||
$ curl --head localhost:8080 | head -n1
|
||||
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Run pods of containers
|
||||
|
||||
Because containers are cheap, you can readily launch more than one container to meet the demand for your service. With two (or more) containers offering the same service, you increase the likelihood that better distribution of labor will successfully manage incoming requests.
|
||||
|
||||
You can group containers together in pods, which Podman (as its name suggests) can create:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ systemctl stop --user container-myngnix
|
||||
$ podman run -dt --pod new:mypod -p 8080:80 nginx
|
||||
$ podman pod ps
|
||||
POD ID NAME STATUS CREATED INFRA ID # OF CONTAINERS
|
||||
26424cc... mypod Running 22m ago e25b3... 2
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This can also be automated using systemd:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ podman generate systemd mypod \
|
||||
--restart-policy=always -t 5 -f -n
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Clusters of pods and containers
|
||||
|
||||
It's probably clear that containers offer diverse options for how you deploy networked applications and services, especially when you use the right tools to manage them. Both Podman and systemd integrate with containers very effectively, and they can help ensure that your containers are available when they're needed.
|
||||
|
||||
But you don't really want to sit in front of your servers all day and all night just so you can manually add containers to pods any time the whole internet decides to pay you a visit. Even if you could do that, containers are only as robust as the computer they run on. Eventually, containers running on a single server do exhaust that server's bandwidth and memory.
|
||||
|
||||
The solution is a Kubernetes cluster: lots of servers, with one acting as a "control plane" where all configuration is entered and many, many others acting as compute nodes to ensure your containers have all the resources they need. Kubernetes is a big project, and there are many other projects, like [Terraform][8], [Helm][9], and [Ansible][10], that interface with Kubernetes to make common tasks scriptable and easy. It's an important topic for all levels of systems administrators, architects, and developers.
|
||||
|
||||
To learn all about container orchestration with Kubernetes, download our free eBook: **[A guide to orchestration with Kubernetes][11]**. The guide teaches you how to set up a local virtual cluster, deploy an application, set up a graphical interface, understand the YAML files used to configure Kubernetes, and more.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/22/6/container-orchestration-kubernetes
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/kenlon-music-conducting-orchestra.png
|
||||
[2]: https://opensource.com/article/20/11/orchestration-vs-automation
|
||||
[3]: https://opensource.com/article/22/2/build-your-own-container-linux-buildah
|
||||
[4]: https://opensource.com/article/18/12/podman-and-user-namespaces
|
||||
[5]: https://opensource.com/business/14/8/docker-beginner-guide
|
||||
[6]: https://opensource.com/article/18/11/behind-scenes-linux-containers
|
||||
[7]: https://opensource.com/article/20/5/curl-cheat-sheet
|
||||
[8]: https://opensource.com/article/20/7/terraform-kubernetes
|
||||
[9]: https://opensource.com/article/20/3/helm-kubernetes-charts
|
||||
[10]: https://opensource.com/article/22/1/learn-ansible
|
||||
[11]: https://opensource.com/downloads/guide-orchestration-kubernetes
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Edit PDFs on Linux with these open source tools"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/6/open-source-pdf-editors-linux"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Michael Korotaev https://opensource.com/users/michaelk"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Edit PDFs on Linux with these open source tools
|
||||
======
|
||||
Open source alternatives to Adobe Acrobat have all the necessary features for creating, editing, and annotating PDFs.
|
||||
|
||||
![a checklist for a team][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Image by: Opensource.com
|
||||
|
||||
Open source reading and editing tools for PDFs are often more secure and reliable alternatives to the applications residing in the first pages of "PDF editor" search results. There, you're likely to see proprietary applications with hidden limitations and tariffs, lacking sufficient information about data protection policies and hosting. You can have better.
|
||||
|
||||
Here are five applications that can be installed on your Linux system (and others) or hosted on a server. Each is free and open source, with all the necessary features for creating, editing, and annotating PDF files.
|
||||
|
||||
### LibreOffice
|
||||
|
||||
With the [LibreOffice][2] suite, your choice of application depends on the initial task. While LibreOffice Writer, a word processor, lets you create PDF files with export from text formats like ODF and others, Draw is better for working with existing PDF files.
|
||||
|
||||
Draw is meant for creating and editing graphic documents, such as brochures, magazines, and posters. The toolset is therefore mainly focused on visual objects and layouts. For PDF editing, however, LibreOffice Draw offers tools for modifying and adding content in PDFs when the file has editing attributes. You can still add new text fields on the existing content layers and annotate or finish the documents if it doesn't.
|
||||
|
||||
Draw and Writer are both bundled in a LibreOffice desktop suite available for installation on Linux systems, macOS, and Windows.
|
||||
|
||||
### ONLYOFFICE Docs
|
||||
|
||||
ONLYOFFICE has been improving work with PDFs for a while and introduced a brand new reader for PDFs and eBooks in version 7.1 of [ONLYOFFICE Docs][3].
|
||||
|
||||
The document editor allows creating PDF files from scratch using DOCX as a base for files that can then be converted to PDF or PDF/A. With built-in form-creation functionality, ONLYOFFICE Docs also makes it possible to build fillable document templates and export them as editable PDFs with fillable fields for different types of content: text, images, dates, and more.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition to recognizing text within PDFs to copy and extract it, ONLYOFFICE Docs can convert PDFs to DOCX, which allows you to continue using the documents in fully editable text formats. ONLYOFFICE also lets you secure the files with passwords, add watermarks, and use digital signatures available in the desktop version.
|
||||
|
||||
ONLYOFFICE Docs can be used as a web suite (on-premises or in the cloud) integrated into a document management system (DMS) or as a standalone desktop application. You can install the latter as a DEB or RPM file, AppImage, Flatpack, and several other formats for Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
### PDF Arranger
|
||||
|
||||
[PDF Arranger][4] is a front-end application for the PikePDF library. It doesn't edit the content of a PDF the way LibreOffice and ONLYOFFICE do, but it's great for re-ordering pages, splitting a PDF into smaller documents, merging several PDFs into one, rotating or cropping pages, and so on. Its interface is intuitive and easy to use.
|
||||
|
||||
PDF Arranger is available for Linux and Windows.
|
||||
|
||||
### Okular
|
||||
|
||||
[Okular][5] is a free open source viewer for documents developed by the KDE community. The app features very mature functionality and allows viewing PDFs, eBooks, images, and comics.
|
||||
|
||||
Okular has full or partial support for most popular PDF features and use cases, such as adding annotations and inline notes or inserting text boxes, shapes, and stamps. You can also add a digitally encrypted signature to your document so your readers can be sure of the document's source.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition to adding texts and images in PDFs, it's also possible to retrieve them from the document to copy and paste somewhere else. The Area Selection tool in Okular can identify the components within a selected area so you can extract them from the PDF independently of one another.
|
||||
|
||||
You can install Okular using your distribution's package manager or as a Flatpak.
|
||||
|
||||
### Xournal++
|
||||
|
||||
[Xournal++][6] is a handwriting journal software with annotation tools for PDF files.
|
||||
|
||||
Created to be notetaking software with enhanced handwriting features, it may not be the best option for working with text-based content and professional layouts. However, its ability to render graphics and support for stylus input in writing and drawing make it stand out as a niche productivity tool.
|
||||
|
||||
PDF annotation and sketching are made comfortable with layer management tools, customizable pen point settings, and support for stylus mappings. Xournal++ also has a text tool for adding text boxes and the ability to insert images.
|
||||
|
||||
Xournal++ has installation options for Linux systems (Ubuntu, Debian, Arch, SUSE), macOS, and Windows (10 and above).
|
||||
|
||||
### Summary
|
||||
|
||||
If you're looking for a free and safe alternative to proprietary PDF viewing and editing software, it is not hard to find an open source option, whether for desktop or online use. Just keep in mind that the currently available solutions have their own advantages for different use cases, and there's no single tool that is equally great at all possible tasks.
|
||||
|
||||
These five solutions stand out for their functionality or usefulness for niche PDF tasks. For enterprise use and collaboration, I suggest ONLYOFFICE or LibreOffice Draw. PDF Arranger is a simple, lightweight tool for working with pages when you don't need to alter text. Okular offers great viewer features for multiple file types, and Xournal++ is the best choice if you want to sketch and take notes in your PDFs.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/22/6/open-source-pdf-editors-linux
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Michael Korotaev][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/michaelk
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/checklist_hands_team_collaboration.png
|
||||
[2]: https://opensource.com/article/21/9/libreoffice-tips
|
||||
[3]: https://opensource.com/article/20/12/onlyoffice-docs
|
||||
[4]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/com.github.jeromerobert.pdfarranger
|
||||
[5]: https://opensource.com/article/22/4/linux-kde-eco-certification-okular
|
||||
[6]: http://xournal.sourceforge.net/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Linux Kernel 5.19 系列第一个候选版本（RC1）发布，包含 ARM 通用工作"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/06/linux-kernel-5-19-rc1/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " Donkey-Hao "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Linux Kernel 5.19 系列第一个候选版本（RC1）发布，包含 ARM 通用工作
|
||||
======
|
||||
Linus Torvalds 发布了 Linux Kernel 5.19 RC1 进行测试，带来了重大变化。
|
||||
|
||||
继上个月 [Linux Kernel 5.18][1] 发布之后，Linus Torvalds 宣布 Linux Kernel 5.19 系列第一个候选版本可用。同时，Linux Kernel 5.19 官方合并窗口关闭，这意味着只有很关键的特性才会被接受。
|
||||
|
||||
简要介绍一下 Linux Kernel 5.19 的项目，会发现 CPU、GPU、网络、存储和核心模块会定期更新。 此外，代码清理、淘汰过时硬件和对以后芯片组的持续支持是此版本的亮点。
|
||||
|
||||
让我们简单来看一下这些新特性。
|
||||
|
||||
### Linux Kernel 5.19(RC1) 的新特性
|
||||
|
||||
#### 处理器
|
||||
|
||||
最重要的是，Linux Kernel 5.19 开始对龙芯架构 CPU 的 [初步支持][2]。龙芯由中国龙芯中科公司设计开发。龙芯架构下的 CPU 是通用 MIPS 架构兼容微处理器。尽管现在提供了支持，但是你仍不能在龙芯 CPU 上启动 Linux 因为一些代码还在审核中。希望在 5.20 版本中能够使用。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[Intel IFS 驱动 ][4] 在该版本中落地，这有助于在部署前后发现硬件问题。它能够在早期发现 CPU 关键部分的错误。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
电源管理和散热工作在英特尔 CPU 的最后几个内核版本中继续进行。 在 [这个版本][5] 也不例外。首先，为 Raptor 和 Alder Lake 家族添加了英特尔运行时平均功率限制（RAPL）的支持。其次，为了处理频率变化升级了 P-state 驱动，并且基于 CPU 的缩放支持被添加到被动的 devfreq 中。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
虽然散热和供电主导着英特尔 CPU ，但 AMD 看到了自己 CPU 系列更多的性能更新。首先，计划在今年年底完成 ZMD Zen 4 CPUs 的 Instruction-Based Sampling (IBS) 模块的很多更新。此外，此版本引入了 PerfMonV2 ，提供了更多性能监视能力。
|
||||
|
||||
此外，该版本中移除了 a.out 支持。同样，过时的 Renesas H8/300 CPU 也被移除了。
|
||||
#### 主要 ARM 更新
|
||||
|
||||
最后，主线 Linux Kernel 能够 [支持多个 ARM 平台][7]。在 Linus 的 RC1 开场白中可以看到，这是此版本中的巨大改变！从 Linux 3.7 开始跨越了十多年的工作，这是多么漫长的过程。
|
||||
|
||||
![Linux Kernel 5.19 Rc1 发布公告提到了 ARM 更改][8]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 图像和存储升级
|
||||
|
||||
存储子系统实现了跨越流行文件系统的性能提升。最主要的变化包括苹果 M1 NVMe 控制器支持和对 XFS 文件系统的更好支持。此外，提升了 Btrfs ， F2FS 以及 exFAT 文件系统。
|
||||
|
||||
关于 LOC 有一个令人兴奋的指标是仅图像驱动程序， Linux Kernel 5.19 增加了大约[50 万行代码][9] 。包括 AMD RDNA, CDNA, 英特尔的 Raptor Lake, DG2/Alchemist 等图形架构更新。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 重要的网络变化
|
||||
|
||||
鉴于数据传输大幅增长，对 Big TCP 的支持有助于数据中心流量达到 400 GBit 的范围。它还可以在高性能网络环境中降低延迟。
|
||||
|
||||
继续改进了 Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) 。此外，高通 ath11k WiFi 驱动程序在此版本中添加了网络唤醒功能。同样增加了对瑞昱的 8852ce 芯片，联发科的 T700 调制解调器以及瑞萨科技的 RZ/V2M 的支持。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 其他值得注意的功能
|
||||
|
||||
首先，内核中著名的随机函数生成器在此版本中 [继续][10] 改进。
|
||||
|
||||
其次，著名的初创公司 Framework 模块化笔记本电脑获得了此版本 Chrome OS EC 驱动支持。 Framework 笔记本现在可以利用 ChromeOS 的嵌入式控制器作为 non-Chromebook 设备。
|
||||
|
||||
此外， Wacom 绘画板以及其他相关设备也有众多更新。 [包括][11] 对联想 Thinkpad TrackPoint II, 谷歌 Whiskers Touchpad, 联想 X12 TrackPoint 等设备支持的提升。
|
||||
|
||||
### Linux Kernel 5.19 下载
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想要测试并尝试该候选版本，可以在 [这里][12] 下载。或者参考下面的链接。
|
||||
|
||||
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
|
||||
| :- | :- | :- | :- | :- | :- | :- | :- | :- |
|
||||
| mainline: | 5.19-rc1 | 2022-06-06 | [tarball][13] | | [patch][14] | | [view diff][15] | [browse][16] |
|
||||
|
||||
预计在2022年7月左右最终版本发布前，将会有多个版本更迭。
|
||||
|
||||
*[Kernel 邮件列表.][17]*
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/06/linux-kernel-5-19-rc1/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[Donkey-Hao](https://github.com/Donkey-Hao)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/linux-kernel-5-18/
|
||||
[2]: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=c6f2f3e2c80e975804360665d973211e4d9390cb
|
||||
[3]: http://www.loongson.cn/
|
||||
[4]: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/13e61c61-0d4b-5f48-6373-f056bf8b603f@redhat.com/
|
||||
[5]: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-acpi/CAJZ5v0hKBt3js65w18iKxzWoN5QuEc84_2xcM6paSv-ZHwe3Rw@mail.gmail.com/
|
||||
[6]: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/You6yGPUttvBcg8s@gmail.com/
|
||||
[7]: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=ecf0aa5317b0ad6bb015128a5b763c954fd58708
|
||||
[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Linux-Kernel-5.19-Rc1-release-announcement-mentions-ARM-changes.jpg
|
||||
[9]: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAPM=9tw62EZfAm0PbiOPmMrpfR98QMFTWGEQcA34G4ap4xxNkA@mail.gmail.com/
|
||||
[10]: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20220522214457.37108-1-Jason@zx2c4.com/T/#u
|
||||
[11]: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/nycvar.YFH.7.76.2205241107530.28985@cbobk.fhfr.pm/
|
||||
[12]: https://www.kernel.org/
|
||||
[13]: https://git.kernel.org/torvalds/t/linux-5.19-rc1.tar.gz
|
||||
[14]: https://git.kernel.org/torvalds/p/v5.19-rc1/v5.18
|
||||
[15]: https://git.kernel.org/torvalds/ds/v5.19-rc1/v5.18
|
||||
[16]: https://git.kernel.org/torvalds/h/v5.19-rc1
|
||||
[17]: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAHk-=wgZt-YDSKfdyES2p6A_KJoG8DwQ0mb9CeS8jZYp+0Y2Rw@mail.gmail.com/T/#u
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "openSUSE Leap 15.4 Release Adds Leap Micro 5.2, Updated Desktop Environments, and More"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/opensuse-leap-15-4-release/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "robsean"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
openSUSE Leap 15.4 发布版本添加了 Leap Micro 5.2、更新桌面环境等等
|
||||
======
|
||||
为奋起直追 SUSE Linux Enterprise 的 Service Pack 4 ，openSUSE Leap 15.4 到来了，带来了新的升级和极其重要的改善。
|
||||
|
||||
![opensuse 15.4][1]
|
||||
|
||||
即将到来的 openSUSE 小发布版本终于要来了。如果你使用 OpenSUSE 作为你日常驱动的桌面或服务器版本，你现在可能已经测试候选版本好几周了。
|
||||
|
||||
openSUSE Leap 15.4 专注于软件包的更新，用以奋起直追 SUSE Linux Enterprise 的 Service Pack 4 。因此，你将注意到一些弃用的软件包，以及可用于替换它们的新的升级。
|
||||
|
||||
当然，你应该有一些可用的软件包来确保兼容性。但是，大多数较旧的版本已经被移除。
|
||||
|
||||
### openSUSE Leap 15.4: 有什么新的变化？
|
||||
|
||||
为与最新的 SUSE Linux Enterprise (SLE) 相适应，像 Python 2 和 KDE 4 一样的软件包已经被移除。你可以在这次的发布版本中找到较新的桌面环境。
|
||||
|
||||
此外，在容器和 AI/ML 用例方面，更新 podman、containerd、Tensorflow 和 Grafana。
|
||||
|
||||
#### Leap Micro 5.2
|
||||
|
||||
Leap Micro 是针对容器和虚拟化工作负载定制的轻量级操作系统的最新版本。它也是一个针对 leap 的 [MicroOS][2] 的新作品，它是 Tumbleweed 的一种变体, 提供自动地管理和修补。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 桌面环境
|
||||
|
||||
Xfce 4.16 继续保留，但是你可以找到下一个主要版本中的一些的特色功能，包括新图标和调色板。
|
||||
|
||||
在 Xfce 4.16 中的设置管理器也获得了视觉上的刷新。类似地，文件管理器 (Thunar) 也有一些改善，暗黑模式支持一个新的状态托盘插件等等。
|
||||
|
||||
KDE 4 软件包已经被弃用，Plasma 5.24 LTS 已经包含在一个 LTS 发布版本中。
|
||||
|
||||
为探索这些更改，你可以查看我们针对 [KDE Plasma 5.24 LTS][3] 的原始的新闻报道。总得来说，新的 KDE Plasma 体验应该会令桌面用户赞叹。
|
||||
|
||||
当它来到 GNOME 时，你可以发现包含在 openSUSE Leap 15.4 中的 GNOME 41 带来了一系列的改善和新的特色功能。了解更多关于 [GNOME 41][4] 的信息来知道你可以期待哪些新的特色功能。
|
||||
|
||||
对于其它的可用的桌面环境来说，Leap 15.4 包括：
|
||||
|
||||
* MATE 桌面环境 1.26
|
||||
* Enlightenment 桌面环境0.25.3
|
||||
* <ruby>深度<rt>Deepin</rt></ruby> 桌面环境 20.3
|
||||
|
||||
#### 弃用的软件包
|
||||
|
||||
一些极其重要的软件包已经被移除，包括 python 2 (生命终结)、digika、tensorflow 1.x 和 Qt 4 等软件包。
|
||||
|
||||
在更新系统后，你将找到可用的 Qt 5 和 Plasma 5 。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 更新的软件包
|
||||
|
||||
针对 Leap 15.4 更新了很多重要的软件包, 包含一些流行的软件包：
|
||||
|
||||
* TensorFlow 2.6.2
|
||||
* podman 3.4.4
|
||||
* GNU Health 4.0
|
||||
* sudo 1.9.9
|
||||
* systemd 249.10
|
||||
* AppArmor 3.04
|
||||
* DNF 4.10.0
|
||||
* LibreOffice 7.2.5
|
||||
|
||||
因此，你应该会注意到一些有用的针对服务器用户和桌面用户的各种各样的应用程序的更新的升级。很多多媒体应用程序，像 VLC、GNOME MPV 等，都接受到了升级。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 其它改善
|
||||
|
||||
随着极其重要的软件的更新和清理，你也可以找到一个较新的由 SUSE 维护的 Linux 内核 5.14.21 版本。
|
||||
|
||||
随着内核的更新，硬件的支持也会带来改善。
|
||||
|
||||
更多信息，你可以参考针对 [openSUSE Leap 15.4][5] 的发布版本说明。
|
||||
|
||||
[下载 openSUSE Leap 15.4][6]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/opensuse-leap-15-4-release/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/opensuse-leap-15-4.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://microos.opensuse.org/
|
||||
[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/kde-plasma-5-24-lts-release/
|
||||
[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/gnome-41-release/
|
||||
[5]: https://doc.opensuse.org/release-notes/x86_64/openSUSE/Leap/15.4/#rnotes
|
||||
[6]: https://get.opensuse.org/leap/15.4/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "How to Install FFmpeg in Ubuntu and Other Linux"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/06/install-FFmpeg-ubuntu/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
在 Ubuntu 等 Linux 发行版上安装 FFmpeg
|
||||
======
|
||||
本教程介绍了 FFmpeg 在 Ubuntu 及其他 Linux 发行版上的安装步骤。
|
||||
|
||||
FFmpeg 是一套处理多媒体文件的软件库。凭借这些强大的库，FFmpeg 能够转换格式、推流以及处理音频和视频文件。许多 Linux 的前端应用都使用 FFmpeg 作为后端支持，所以这些应用对 FFmpeg 的依赖度非常高。举个例子，录屏软件可能会用到 FFmpeg 将录屏转换为 gif 动图。
|
||||
|
||||
VLC 多媒体播放器、YouTube、Blender、Kodi、Shotcut 和 Handbrake 等流行的应用与服务都在使用 FFmpeg。
|
||||
|
||||
趣事：NASA 火星 2020 计划的探测器“毅力”号在将图像和视频发送到地球之前，会先使用 FFmpeg 对其进行处理。
|
||||
|
||||
### 关于 FFmpeg
|
||||
|
||||
[FFmpeg][1] 本身是一款非常强大的命令行实用程序，在 Linux 发行版、Windows 以及 macOS 等系统上均可运行，支持多种架构。FFmpeg 是用 C 语言和汇编语言编写的，性能强大，提供跨平台支持。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 核心
|
||||
|
||||
FFmpeg 的核心是命令行实用程序，既可在命令行上使用，也可以经由任何程序语言调用。比如，你可以在 Shell 程序或 python 脚本中使用 FFmpeg。
|
||||
|
||||
* FFmpeg: 用于转换音视频格式，包括视频直播资源。
|
||||
* ffplay: FFmpeg 配套使用的媒体播放器
|
||||
* ffprobe: 显示媒体文件信息的命令行工具，可将信息输出为 csv、xml、json 等格式。
|
||||
|
||||
### FFmpeg 安装
|
||||
|
||||
在 Ubuntu 等 Linux 发行版上， FFmpeg 的安装比较简单。打开终端，运行以下命令安装即可。
|
||||
|
||||
#### Ubuntu 及与其相似的发行版
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt install FFmpeg
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Fedora
|
||||
|
||||
在 Fedora Linux 上安装 FFmpeg，你需要添加 [RPM Fusion 仓库][2]，因为 Fedora 官方仓库没有 FFmpeg 软件包。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo dnf install https://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo dnf install https://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo dnf install FFmpeg
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Arch Linux
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
pacman -S FFmpeg
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
安装完成后，可输入以下命令查看安装是否成功。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
FFmpeg --version
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![FFmpeg installed in Ubuntu Linux][3]
|
||||
|
||||
### 案例：FFmpeg 的基本操作
|
||||
|
||||
首先，我们先来看看 FFmpeg 语法的一个简单例子。如下，该语法可以将 mp4 文件转换为 mkv 文件。
|
||||
|
||||
1. 视频文件格式转换
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
FFmpeg -i big_buck_bunny.mp4 big_buck_bunny.mkv
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
当然，这种写法最为简单易懂，但它并不完整，因为没有输入 <ruby>比特率<rt>bit rate</rt></ruby>、<ruby>分辨率<rt>resolution</rt></ruby> 以及其他的视频文件属性。
|
||||
|
||||
2. 音频文件格式转换
|
||||
|
||||
第二，输入与上面相似的命令可以转换音频文件的格式。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
FFmpeg -i sunny_day.ogg sunny_day.mp3
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
3. 使用音视频 codec 执行格式转换
|
||||
|
||||
最后，在下面的例子中，我们可以使用特定的 <ruby>编解码器<rt>codec</rt></ruby> 来转换视频格式。参数 `-c` 搭配 `a` 或者 `v`，可以分别定义音频和视频文件。以下转换命令使用 `libvpx` 视频编解码器和 `libvorbis` 音频编解码器。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
FFmpeg -i big_buck_bunny.mp4 -c:v libvpx -c:a libvorbis big_buck_bunny.webm
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何确定自己系统中有哪些编码器和解码器？
|
||||
|
||||
#### 显示所有编解码器
|
||||
|
||||
输入以下命令，打印所有编解码器。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
FFmpeg -codecs
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
该命令可以打印出所有可用的编解码器，并显示每个编解码器对应的功能信息，比如是否支持解码或编码。此外，如以下输出结果所示，打印出来的信息还会按照首字母顺序标注出每个编码器和解码器的位置。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
D..... = Decoding supported.E.... = Encoding supported..V... = Video codec..A... = Audio codec..S... = Subtitle codec...I.. = Intra frame-only codec....L. = Lossy compression.....S = Lossless compression
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![FFmpeg Codec list][4]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 显示所有编码器
|
||||
|
||||
输入下列命令，打印出所有编码器
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
FFmpeg -encoders
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 显示所有解码器
|
||||
|
||||
同样，输入下列命令，打印出所有解码器。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
FFmpeg -decoders
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 更多信息
|
||||
|
||||
输入参数 `-h`，获取更多关于编码器或解码器的信息。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
FFmpeg -h decoder=mp3
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结
|
||||
|
||||
我希望这篇文章可以帮助你了解 FFmpeg 的基本知识及基本命令。若要了解更多信息，可前往 FFmpeg 官方网站，浏览 [<ruby>帮助文章<rt>Documentation</rt></ruby>][5]。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/06/install-FFmpeg-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://FFmpeg.org/
|
||||
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/07/enable-rpm-fusion-fedora-rhel-centos/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/FFmpeg-installed-in-Ubuntu-Linux.jpg
|
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[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/FFmpeg-Codec-list.jpg
|
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[5]: https://FFmpeg.org/documentation.html
|
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@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
|
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[#]: subject: "6 Linux word processors you need to try"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/6/word-processors-linux"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Don Watkins https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "duoluoxiaosheng"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
6 Linux word processors you need to try
|
||||
======
|
||||
值得尝试的六款Linux文字处理程序
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
选择一款最中意的文字处理程序把你的想法打印到纸上。
|
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|
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![Typewriter with hands][1]
|
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|
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Image by: rawpixel.com. CC0.
|
||||
|
||||
作家们总是在寻找更好的方法将他们的文字和想法以更好的方式呈现给他们的读者。我对文字处理程序最早的印象是在 Apple II 上使用 AppleWorks 和 FrEDWriter，一个1985年的免费的文字处理程序。这是我的学生的标配，他们中的许多人来自没有钱购买专用软件的家庭。
|
||||
|
||||
### Abiword
|
||||
|
||||
在20世纪90年代时，我开始使用 Linux， 我开始寻找高质量的写作程序，以推荐给在开源软件世界跟随我的学生。我首先接触的文字处理程序是 [AbiWord][2]。 AbiWord 来自西班牙语 Abierto，是打开的意思。最早发布于1998年，并且之后一直在升级。使用 GPLv2 开源协议。支持列表，缩进，字符格式等基本功能。支持比如 ".doc", ".html", ".docx", ".odt" 等多种格式文件的导入和导出。
|
||||
|
||||
![Image of Abiword][3]
|
||||
|
||||
### Etherpad
|
||||
|
||||
[Etherpad][4] 是一个开源项目。它可以让您像 Google Drive 那样实时编辑文档。它完全开源。据它的网站上介绍，您可以用它来写文章，新闻稿和待办清单，还可以和您的朋友，同学或者同事一起同时编辑同一个文档。源代码可查看。Etherpad 采用 Apache 2.0 开源协议。您可以直接在线使用它，或者把它下载并[安装][5]到您的 Linux 电脑上。
|
||||
|
||||
### Cryptpad
|
||||
|
||||
[CryptPad][6] 是一个端到端加密的写作套件。使用 GPLv3 开源协议，并且源代码在 [GitHub][7] 上公开。 由 [Xwiki][8] 实验室开发。可替代 Google Drive 并且自主托管。根据网站描述 “CryptPad 旨在实现协作办公。实时同步文档的更改。由于所有数据都已加密，因此服务及其管理员无法查看正在编辑和存储的内容。” Cryptpad 为用户提供了[丰富的文档][9]。
|
||||
|
||||
### Focuswriter
|
||||
|
||||
[FocusWriter][10] 是一个简单的免干扰的编辑器。它使用隐藏的界面，鼠标移动到屏幕边界时可以显示。使用 GPLv3 开源协议并提供 Linux 通用软件安装包（Flatpak），比如 [Ubuntu][11] 的 DEB 和 [Fedora][12] 的 RPM。这是一个 FocusWriter 桌面的例子。 一个非常简单直观的界面，菜单自动隐藏，鼠标指向屏幕顶部或边缘时才显示。文件默认保存为 ".odt" 格式，也支持纯文本， ".docx"，和富文本。
|
||||
|
||||
![Image of FocusWriter][13]
|
||||
|
||||
### LibreOffice Writer
|
||||
|
||||
[LibreOffice Writer][14]是我最喜欢的。我已经使用了十多年了。他拥有我需要的富文本的所有特性。他还拥有我见过的最大的导入导出列表。类似 [APA][15]这样的问卷和出版模板它拥有十多种。最喜欢它的是他可以将文件导出为 PDF 和 “epub”。 LibreOffice Writer 是一个免费软件，使用 Mozilla Public Liceense 2.0 开源协议。 [源代码][16]由 Document Foundation 提供。LibreOffice 支持大多数 Linux 发行版。 同时它也提供 Flatpak，Snap 和 AppImage。另外，您也可以把它下载并安装到 MacOs 和 Windows 上。
|
||||
|
||||
![Image of LibreOffice work space][17]
|
||||
|
||||
### OpenOffice Writer
|
||||
|
||||
Apache [OpenOffice Writer][18] 是一个全功能点文字处理程序。作为一个备忘录来说它足够简单，但对于编写你的第一本书来说它又足够复杂。依据官网的描述，OpenOffice Writer 将文档自动保存为 “open document format”. 它还支持将文档保存为 ".doc", ".docx", 富文本和其他格式。OpenOffice Writer 使用 Apache License 2.0 开源协议。源代码在 [GitHub][19] 上公开。
|
||||
|
||||
这里还有许多免费的开源软件等着大家去发现。它们非常适合完成您的日常任务，您也可以为它们的发展做出贡献。您最喜欢的 Linux 文字处理器程序是什么呢？
|
||||
|
||||
Image by: (Don Watkins, CC BY-SA 4.0)
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/22/6/word-processors-linux
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Don Watkins][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[duoluoxiaosheng](https://github.com/duoluoxiaosheng)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/typewriter-hands.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://www.abisource.com/
|
||||
[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-05/abiword.png
|
||||
[4]: https://etherpad.org/#
|
||||
[5]: https://github.com/ether/etherpad-lite#installation
|
||||
[6]: https://cryptpad.fr/what-is-cryptpad.html
|
||||
[7]: https://github.com/xwiki-labs/cryptpad
|
||||
[8]: https://github.com/xwiki-labs
|
||||
[9]: https://docs.cryptpad.fr/en/user_guide/index.html
|
||||
[10]: https://gottcode.org/focuswriter/
|
||||
[11]: https://packages.ubuntu.com/jammy/focuswriter
|
||||
[12]: https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/focuswriter
|
||||
[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-05/focuswriter.png
|
||||
[14]: https://www.libreoffice.org/discover/writer/
|
||||
[15]: https://extensions.libreoffice.org/en/extensions/show/apa-style-paper-template
|
||||
[16]: https://www.libreoffice.org/about-us/source-code/
|
||||
[17]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-05/Libreofficewriter.png
|
||||
[18]: https://www.openoffice.org/product/writer.html
|
||||
[19]: https://github.com/apache/openoffice
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user