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submit tech/20180813 How To Switch Between Different Versions Of Commands In Linux.md
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How To Switch Between Different Versions Of Commands In Linux
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======
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A couple days ago, we discussed how to [**switch between multiple PHP versions**][1]. In that method, we used **‘update-alternatives’** command to switch from one PHP version to another. That means, the update-alternatives commands helps you to set which system wide version of PHP you want to use by default. To put this in layman terms, you can change the version of a command system wide using ‘update-alternatives’ command. What if you want to change command versions dynamically depending on what directory you’re in? This is where **‘alt’** utility comes in help. The alt is a command line tool that helps you to switch between different versions of commands in Unix-like systems. It is a simple, free, open source tool written in **Rust** programming language.
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### Installation
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Installing alt utility is trivial.
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To install alt on your Linux machine, just run the following command:
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```
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$ curl -sL https://github.com/dotboris/alt/raw/master/install.sh | bash -s
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```
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Next, add the shims directory to your PATH environment variable depending upon the SHELL you are use.
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For BASH:
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```
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$ echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.local/alt/shims:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
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$ source ~/.bashrc
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```
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For ZSH:
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```
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$ echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.local/alt/shims:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
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$ source ~/.zshrc
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```
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For FISH:
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```
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$ echo 'set -x PATH "$HOME/.local/alt/shims" $PATH' >> ~/.config/fish/config.fish
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```
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Alt is installed!
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### Switch Between Different Versions Of Commands Using Alt Tool In Linux
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Like I mentioned earlier, alt works with the current directory. That means, when you switch from one version to another, you do so for the current working directory only, not system wide.
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Let us see an example. I have installed two PHP versions in my Ubuntu system, PHP 5.6 and PHP 7.2 respectively and I have some PHP applications in a directory called **‘myproject’**.
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First, let us see the globally installed PHP version using command:
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```
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$ php -v
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```
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**Sample output:**
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![Find PHP version][3]
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As you see in the above screenshot, my system wide default version is PHP7.2.
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Next, I am gong to “myproject” directory where I have kept my PHP applications.
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```
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$ cd myproject
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```
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Scan the available PHP versions using the following command:
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```
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$ alt scan php
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```
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**Sample output:**
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![alt scan php][4]
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As you can see, I have two PHP versions, PHP5.6 and PHP7.2. Now press **< SPACEBAR>** key to select all available versions. After selecting all available versions, you will see a cross mark behind each version as shown below picture. Use UP/DOWN arrows to move between the versions. Finally press ENTER to save the changes.
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![Select php version][5]
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Next run the following command to choose which PHP version you want to use inside the ‘myproject’ directory:
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```
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$ alt use php
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```
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I am going to use PHP5.6 version, so I selected it(use arrow keys to select) and hit ENTER key.
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![set php version][6]
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You can now use php 5.6 (/usr/bin/php5.6) when in /home/sk/myproject directory.
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Let us check if the PHP5.6 is set as default inside the myproject directory:
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```
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$ php -v
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```
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**Sample output:**
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![Check PHP version][7]
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It will stay as 5.6 version until you change to different version. Got it? Good! Please note that we use php5.6 version only inside this directory. On system level, PHP7.2 is still the default version. Have a look at the following image.
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![Check PHP version 1][8]
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As you can see in the above screenshot, I have two different versions of PHP. Inside the ‘myproject’ directory, I got PHP5.6 and outside the myproject, PHP version is 7.2.
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Similarly, you can set any version of your choice in each directory. I used PHP for the demonstration purpose. You can, however, use any software of your choice, for example NodeJS.
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Here is the demonstration video for NodeJS.
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![][9]
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The alt utility can be useful when you wanted to test your applications under different versions of applications.
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And, that’s all for now. More good stuffs to come. Stay tuned!
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Cheers!
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-switch-between-different-versions-of-commands-in-linux/
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作者：[SK][a]
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
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[1]:https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-switch-between-multiple-php-versions-in-ubuntu/
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[2]:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7
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[3]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Find-PHP-version.png
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[4]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/alt-scan-php.png
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[5]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Select-php-version.png
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[6]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/set-php-version.png
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[7]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Check-PHP-version.png
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[8]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Check-PHP-version-1.png
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[9]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Alt-NodeJS-demo.gif
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@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
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如何在 Linux 中切换相同程序的不同版本
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======
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几天前，我们曾经讨论如何[**如何在不同的 PHP 版本之间进行切换**][1]。在那篇文章中，我们使用 **update-alternatives** 命令实现从一个 PHP 版本切换到另一个 PHP 版本。也就是说，`update-alternatives` 命令可以将<ruby>系统范围<rt>system wide</rt></ruby>默认使用的 PHP 版本设置为我们希望的版本。通俗的来说，你可以通过 `update-alternatives` 命令从系统范围设置程序的版本。如果你希望可以在不同目录动态设置不同的程序版本，该如何完成呢？在这种情况下，**alt** 工具可以大显身手。`alt` 是一个命令行工具，可以让你在类 Unix 系统中切换相同程序的不同版本。该工具简单易用，是 **Rust** 语言编写的自由、开源软件。
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### 安装
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安装 `alt` 工具十分简单。
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运行如下命令，即可在 Linux 主机上安装 `alt`：
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```
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$ curl -sL https://github.com/dotboris/alt/raw/master/install.sh | bash -s
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```
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下一步，将 shims 目录添加到你的 PATH 环境变量中，具体操作取决于你使用的 Shell。
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对于 Bash：
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```
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$ echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.local/alt/shims:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
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$ source ~/.bashrc
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```
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对于 Zsh：
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```
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$ echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.local/alt/shims:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
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$ source ~/.zshrc
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```
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对于 Fish：
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```
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$ echo 'set -x PATH "$HOME/.local/alt/shims" $PATH' >> ~/.config/fish/config.fish
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```
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现在 `alt` 已经安装完毕！
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### 使用 alt 工具在 Linux 系统中切换相同程序的不同版本
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如我之前所述，alt 只影响当前目录。换句话说，当你进行版本切换时，只在当前目录生效，而不是整个系统范围。
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下面举例说明。我在我的 Ubuntu 系统中安装了两个版本的 PHP，分别为 PHP 5.6 和 PHP 7.2；另外，在 **myproject** 目录中包含一些 PHP 应用。
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首先，通过命令查看系统范围默认的 PHP 版本：
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```
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$ php -v
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```
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**示例输出：**
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![查找 PHP 版本][3]
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如截图中所示，我系统中默认的 PHP 版本为 PHP7.2。
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然后，我将进入放置 PHP 应用的 "myproject" 目录。
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```
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$ cd myproject
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```
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使用如下命令扫描可用的 PHP 版本：
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```
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$ alt scan php
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```
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**示例输出：**
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![扫描 PHP 版本][4]
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可见，我有两个 PHP 版本，即 PHP5.6 和 PHP7.2。按下 **<空格>** 键选中当前可用的版本。选中全部可用版本后，你可以看到图中所示的<ruby>叉号<rt>cross mark</rt></ruby>。使用上下方向键在版本间移动，点击回车即可保存变更。
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![选取 PHP 版本][5]
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下面运行该命令并选取我们希望在 "myproject" 目录中使用的 PHP 版本：
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```
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$ alt use php
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```
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我希望使用 PHP5.6 版本，故我（使用方向键）选取该版本并点击回车键。
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![设置 PHP 版本][6]
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现在，你可以在 /home/sk/myproject 目录下使用 PHP5.6 版本啦。
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让我们检查一下，在 myproject 目录下是否默认使用 PHP5.6 版本：
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```
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$ php -v
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```
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**示例输出：**
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![检查 PHP 版本][7]
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只要你不设置成其它版本，（在该目录下）将一直使用 PHP5.6 版本。清楚了吗？很好！请注意，我们仅在这个目录下使用 PHP5.6 版本。在系统范围内（LCTT 译注：当然是没单独设置过其它版本的目录下），PHP7.2 仍是默认的版本。让我们检验一下，请看下图。
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![比对 PHP 版本][8]
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从上面的截图中可以看出，我有两个版本的 PHP：在 "myproject" 目录下，使用的版本为 PHP5.6；在 myproject 外的其它目录，使用的版本为 PHP7.2。
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同理，你可以为每个目录设置你希望的程序版本。我这里使用 PHP 仅用于说明操作，但方法适用于任何你打算使用的软件，例如 NodeJS 等。
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下面是 NodeJS 的示例视频。
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![][9]
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如果你希望在不同软件包版本下测试你的应用，那么 `alt` 是你不错的选择。
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本次分享到此结束。后续还有更多内容，敬请期待！
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干杯！
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-switch-between-different-versions-of-commands-in-linux/
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作者：[SK][a]
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者：[pinewall](https://github.com/pinewall)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
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[1]:https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-switch-between-multiple-php-versions-in-ubuntu/
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[2]:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7
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[3]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Find-PHP-version.png
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[4]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/alt-scan-php.png
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[5]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Select-php-version.png
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[6]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/set-php-version.png
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[7]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Check-PHP-version.png
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[8]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Check-PHP-version-1.png
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[9]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Alt-NodeJS-demo.gif
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