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@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (Yufei-Yan)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
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[#]: publisher: (wxy)
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[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-12435-1.html)
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[#]: subject: (Project OWL: IoT trying to hold connectivity together in disasters)
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[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3564980/project-owl-iot-trying-to-hold-connectivity-together-in-disasters.html)
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[#]: author: (Jon Gold https://www.networkworld.com/author/Jon-Gold/)
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@ -10,35 +10,28 @@
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OWL 项目：物联网正尝试在灾难中让一切保持联络
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======
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当自然灾害破坏了传统的通信连接时，配置在<ruby>多跳网络<rt>mesh network</rt></ruby>的物联网设备可以迅速部署以提供基本的连接。[AK Badwolf][1] [(CC BY 2.0)][2]
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> 当自然灾害破坏了传统的通信连接时，配置在<ruby>多跳网络<rt>mesh network</rt></ruby>的物联网设备可以迅速部署以提供基本的连接。
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OWL 项目负责人在最近的开源峰会上说，一个以多跳网络、物联网和 LoRa 连接为中心的开源项目可以帮助急救和受灾人员在自然灾害之后保持联系。
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OWL 项目的应用场景是当在自然灾害之后频繁发生的通信中断时。无论是蜂窝网络还是有线网络，大范围的中断会频繁阻碍急救服务、供应和在暴风雨或其他重大灾难后必须解决关键问题的信息流。
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**学习 5G 和 WiFi 6**
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* [如何判断 WiFi 6 是否适合你][4]
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* [什么是 MU-MIMO？为什么在你的无线路由器中需要它？][5]
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* [什么时候使用 5G，什么时候使用 WiFi 6][6]
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* [企业如何为 5G 网络做准备][7]
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该项目通过一大群“<ruby>鸭子<rt>duck</rt></ruby>”（便宜、易于部署且不需要现有基础设施支持的小型无线模块）实现这个目的。一些“鸭子”是太阳能的，其它一些则用的是耐用电池。每只“鸭子”配备一个 LoRa 无线电，用于在网络上和其它“鸭子”进行通信，同时还配备有 Wi-Fi，而且可能配备蓝牙和 GPS 来实现其他功能。
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该项目通过一大群”鸭子“（便宜、易于部署且不需要现有基础设施支持的小型无线模块）实现这个目的。一些鸭子是太阳能的，其他一些则用的是耐用电池。每只鸭子配备一个 LoRa 无线电，用于在网络上和其他鸭子进行通信，同时还配备有 Wi-Fi，而且可能配备蓝牙和 GPS 来实现其他功能。
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这个想法是这样的，当网络瘫痪时，用户可以使用他们的智能手机或者笔记本电脑与“鸭子”建立一个 Wi-Fi 连接，这个“鸭子”可以将小块的信息传递到网络的其他部分。信息向网络后端传递，直到到达“<ruby>鸭子爸爸<rt>papaduck</rt></ruby>”，“鸭子爸爸”装备了可以与云上的 OWL 数据管理系统连接的卫星系统（OWL 代表 ”<ruby>组织<rt>organization</rt></ruby>、<ruby>位置<rt>whereabouts</rt></ruby>和<ruby>物流<rt>logistics</rt></ruby>”）。信息可以通过云在智能手机或者网页上进行可视化，甚至可以通过 API 插入到现有的系统中。
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这个想法是这样的，当网络瘫痪时，用户可以使用他们的智能手机或者笔记本电脑与鸭子建立一个 Wi-Fi 连接，这个鸭子可以将小块的信息传递到网络的其他部分。信息向网络后端传递，直到到达”papaduck“，”papaduck“装备了可以与云上的 OWL 数据管理系统连接的卫星系统。（OWL 代表 ”<ruby>组织<rt>organization</rt></ruby>，<ruby>位置<rt>whereabouts</rt></ruby>和<ruby>物流<rt>logistics</rt></ruby>”。）信息可以通过云在智能手机或者网页上进行可视化，甚至可以通过 API 插入到现有的系统中。
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秘密在于 ClusterDuck 协议，这是一个开源固件，即使在一些模块不能正常工作的网络中，它仍然能保持信息流通。它就是设计用来工作在大量便宜且容易获取的计算硬件上，类似树莓派的硬件，这样可以更容易且更快捷的建立一个 ClusterDuck 网络。
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秘密在于“<ruby>鸭群<rt>ClusterDuck</rt></ruby>” 协议，这是一个开源固件，即使在一些模块不能正常工作的网络中，它仍然能保持信息流通。它就是设计用来工作在大量便宜且容易获取的计算硬件上，类似树莓派的硬件，这样可以更容易且更快捷的建立一个“鸭群”网络。
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创始人 Bryan Knouse 表示，这个项目的创建，是因为在 2017 年和 2018 年的毁灭性飓风中，要与受影响社区进行有效的通信而采取救援措施，面临着巨大的困难。
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“我们的一些创始成员经历了这些灾难，然后我们会问‘我们该做些什么？’”，他说道。
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在马亚圭斯，该项目有一批来自波多黎各大学的学生和教授，大多数的系统测试都在那里进行。Knouse 说，校园中目前有 17 个太阳能鸭子，分布在屋顶和树上，并且计划增加数量。
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在马亚圭斯，该项目有一批来自波多黎各大学的学生和教授，大多数的系统测试都在那里进行。Knouse 说，校园中目前有 17 个太阳能“鸭子”，分布在屋顶和树上，并且计划增加数量。
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他说，“这种关系实际上创建了一个开源社区，这些学生和教授正在帮助我们开发这个项目。”
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在 [Facebook][9] 和[领英][10]上加入网络世界社区，并对重要话题发表评论。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3564980/project-owl-iot-trying-to-hold-connectivity-together-in-disasters.html
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@ -46,13 +39,13 @@ via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3564980/project-owl-iot-trying-to-hold
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作者：[Jon Gold][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[Yufei-Yan](https://github.com/Yufei-Yan)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Jon-Gold/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.flickr.com/photos/spiderkat/8487309555/in/photolist-dVZFrn-dDctnA-8WuLez-6RBSHn-bQa5F8-syyFcV-rvxKJT-5bSAh-2Xey4-3D4xww-4t1ZYv-dMgY7k-mHeMk1-xsPw6B-EiD3UR-k1rNkD-atorAv-f58MG9-g2QCe-Zr1wAC-ewx5Px-6vrwz7-8CCPSd-hAC5HZ-aHJC1B-9ovTST-Wqj4Sk-fiJjWG-28ATb9y-6tHHiR-8VZrmy-8iUVNB-DzSQV5-j6gpDL-2c2C5Re-kmbqae-Th4XGx-g325LW-cC1cp-26aa3aC-X7ruJo-jDkSKD-57695d-8Dz2hm-fPsDJr-gxcdoV-iSVsHR-dWWbct-ejvCrM-8ofaVz
|
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[1]: https://images.idgesg.net/images/article/2019/01/owl-face-100785829-large.jpg
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[2]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode
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[3]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3207535/what-is-iot-the-internet-of-things-explained.html
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[4]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3356838/how-to-determine-if-wi-fi-6-is-right-for-you.html
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@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (Yufei-Yan)
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[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
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[#]: publisher: (wxy)
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[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-12438-1.html)
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[#]: subject: (My Linux story: From Linux user to contributor)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/7/linux-user-contributor)
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[#]: author: (Taz Brown https://opensource.com/users/heronthecli)
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我的 Linux 故事：从用户到贡献者
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======
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> 开源社区欢迎来自不同背景和技能的贡献者。
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我是一名 IT 专业人士，拥有超过 15 年经验，担任过不同职位 —— 包括系统管理员、高级 Linux 管理员、DevOps 工程师、自动化顾问和高级<ruby>敏捷专家<rt>scrum master</rt></ruby>。我开始是在 Ubuntu 上学习 Linux，但是后来作为系统管理员转到 CentOS，然后我又转到 Fedora 作为个人使用。但是我对技术的喜爱要远比我使用第一个 Linux 发行版要早的多，而且是来自于一部电影。
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我最喜欢的电影是《<ruby>黑客<rt>Hackers</rt></ruby>》。最精彩的一幕发生在电影的开头。电影一开始，一群特工冲进一所房子抓捕臭名昭著的黑客 Zero Cool。我们马上发现 Zero Cool 其实是 11 岁的 Dade Murphy，他在一天之内成功瘫痪了 1507 台计算机系统。他被指控犯罪，他的家人被处以重罚。而且，在他 18 岁之前，他都被禁止使用电脑或按键式电话。
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<ruby>劳伦斯·梅森<rt>Laurence Mason</rt></ruby>扮演的 Paul Cook，又名 Nikon 勋爵，是我最喜欢角色。其中一个主要原因是，我从没有看过一个黑客电影里面的人物长的像我，所以我被他的形象深深吸引了。他很神秘。这让我耳目一新，并且感到自豪，我对 IT 充满了热情，我也是一个和他很像的极客。
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![Taz with astronaut][2]
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### 成为一个 Linux 贡献者
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15 年前，我开始使用 Linux。当我成为一个 Linux 管理员的时候，Linux 就成了我的激情所在。我一直尝试找到某种方式能够为开源作出贡献，当时我还不知道该从哪开始。因为这个社区实在是太大了，我不知道自己能否真正成为一个有影响力的人，但当我发现一些人认可我的兴趣，还对我进行指导，我开始彻底打开心扉，问各种问题，并且从社区中学习。自从那以后，Fedora 社区一直是我做贡献的最主要社区。
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我现在对于向开源做贡献还是有点稚嫩。当我意识到我可以用代码以外的方式来贡献时，我对开源的想法发生了改变。我更喜欢通过文档做一些贡献，因为我本质上不是一个软件开发人员，而且社区里面最迫切的需求正是文档。请记住：用户的技能和开发人员的技能同样重要。
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### 我的硬件是什么？
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硬件也很重要，而且现在几乎所有东西都可以运行 Linux。现在，我家里的配置包括：
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|
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* 联想 Thinksever TS140，64 GB 内存，4 x 1 TB SSD 和一个存储数据的 1 TB 机械硬盘
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* 使用 RAID 5 配置的 164 TB Synology NAS
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* 输入输出使用罗技 MX Master 和 MX Master 2S
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* 一个定制的并且符合人体工学的 Kinesis Advantage 2 键盘
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* 两个 38 寸 LG 超宽曲面显示器和一个 34 寸 LG 超宽显示器
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* 一台配备 i7 六核十二线程 CPU 和 16.1 英寸 IPS 显示器的 System76 笔记本
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我很喜欢 Fedora 处理外置设备的方式，比如说我的鼠标和键盘。一切都完美融合。即插即用工作正常，性能从来不受影响。
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![Fedora double monitor setup][4]
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### 软件是什么？
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使用开源软件对我的工作非常重要。我依赖于：
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* Fedora 30 作为我日常使用的 Linux 发行版
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* Wekan 作为我的项目的开源<ruby>看板<rt>kanban</rt></ruby>
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* [Atom][5] 作为我的文本编辑器
|
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* Terminator 作为我日常使用的终端，因为它的网格布局以及丰富的键盘快捷键
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* Neofetch 用来显示每次登录到终端时的系统信息
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最后同样重要的是，我把 Powerline、Powerlevel9k 和 Vim-Powerline 搞到我的终端上来跟别人装酷。
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![Multiple fedora screens][7]
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### Linux 让我们走到一起
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美国是个大熔炉，我也是这么看待 Linux 和像 Fedora 项目这样的特定社区的。在每个 Linux 社区中，对于不同的贡献都有很大的空间。也有很多方式可以参与进来，而且对于新的想法，也总是有发挥的空间。通过分享我过去 15 年在开源方面的经验，我希望帮助更多在科技领域的少数族裔体会到来自开源社区对多样性和包容性的认同感。
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*编者注：这篇文章改编自[“Taz Brown：你怎么搞 Fedora？”][8]，并得到许可重新发布*
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/20/7/linux-user-contributor
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作者：[Taz Brown][a]
|
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[Yufei-Yan](https://github.com/Yufei-Yan)
|
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
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|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/heronthecli
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/contributor_spotlight_penguin.jpg?itok=azJA5Cj8 (Penguin, stylized, contributor spotlight)
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[2]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/taz_with_astronaut_0.png (Taz with astronaut)
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[3]: https://getfedora.org/
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[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/fedora_double_monitor_setup.jpg (Fedora double monitor setup)
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[5]: https://fedoramagazine.org/install-atom-fedora/
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[6]: https://fedoramagazine.org/add-power-terminal-powerline/
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[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/fedora_screens.jpg (Multiple fedora screens)
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[8]: https://fedoramagazine.org/taz-brown-how-do-you-fedora/
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@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
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[#]: publisher: (wxy)
|
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[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-12439-1.html)
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[#]: subject: (My feature-rich and minimal Linux terminal)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/7/minimal-linux-terminal)
|
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[#]: author: (Sumantro Mukherjee https://opensource.com/users/sumantro)
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我的功能丰富却又保持简约的 Linux 终端
|
||||
======
|
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> 这些应用和主题可以你真正拥有你的终端。
|
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|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
每个人都喜欢以特定的方式设置他们的工作区：它可以帮助你提高效率，并使生活更容易以一种感觉有机的方式组织事物，并拥有一个对你来说感觉良好的环境。这也绝对适用于终端。这可能就是为什么有这么多可用终端的原因。
|
||||
|
||||
在使用新的计算机时，我做的第一件事就是设置我的终端，让它成为我自己的终端。
|
||||
|
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我最喜欢的终端应用是 [Terminator][2]，因为它的设计简约，并且内置了窗口选项。但从这里开始变得更加复杂。我将自己喜欢的终端风格描述为“功能丰富却又保持简约”。这种平衡是我经常在微调的。
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|
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我使用 zsh 作为默认 shell，并使用 Ohmyzsh 来提供额外的功能。可以下载它的安装脚本来安装 Ohmyzsh：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh --output install-zsh.sh
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||||
```
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||||
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||||
查看一遍脚本了解它做什么，并确保你有信心在计算机上运行该脚本。完成后，运行脚本：
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||||
|
||||
```
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||||
$ sh ./install-zsh.sh
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||||
```
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||||
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我最喜欢的主题/提示符是 [Powerlevel 10k][3]，它是一个非常详细的环境视图。它包含了从命令的颜色高亮到运行时间的时间戳等所有内容。所有细节都集成到一个优雅的、具有上下文感知的提示符中。
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||||
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||||
要安装 Powerlevel10k，请先在 `.oh-my-zsh/` 自定义主题目录中下载源码。
|
||||
|
||||
```
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||||
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git
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||||
${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/themes/powerlevel10k
|
||||
```
|
||||
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||||
但是，为了让 Powerlevel10k 看起来如其存储库中所示，我们需要添加一些默认不包括的字体。它们是：
|
||||
|
||||
* [MesloLGS NF Regular.ttf][4]
|
||||
* [MesloLGS NF Bold.ttf][5]
|
||||
* [MesloLGS NF Italic.ttf][6]
|
||||
* [MesloLGS NF Bold Italic.ttf][7]
|
||||
|
||||
这将产生一个美观且具有上下文感知的终端（如 [screenfetch][8] 所示）：
|
||||
|
||||
![terminator terminal shot via screenFetch][9]
|
||||
|
||||
我已经习惯了这个特殊的设置，但是，把工作环境变成自己的环境固然重要，但这也并不是一个固执地尝试新事物的理由。新终端的出现，是为了满足新一代用户的需求和要求。这意味着，即使一开始不熟悉，但最近开发的一种终端可能比你的老旧备用机更适合当今的环境和职责。
|
||||
|
||||
我最近一直在考虑其他选择。我开始关注 [Starship][10] 的开发情况，它将自己描述为简约的、快速的、可无限定制的提示符，适用于任何 shell。它仍然有很多在视觉上可以身临其境的细节，而不会像 Powerlevel10k 那样使人分心。
|
||||
|
||||
你最喜欢的终端是什么？为什么？请在评论栏分享！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/7/minimal-linux-terminal
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Sumantro Mukherjee][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/sumantro
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/computer_desk_home_laptop_browser.png?itok=Y3UVpY0l (Digital images of a computer desktop)
|
||||
[2]: https://terminator-gtk3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
|
||||
[3]: https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k
|
||||
[4]: https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k-media/raw/master/MesloLGS%20NF%20Regular.ttf
|
||||
[5]: https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k-media/raw/master/MesloLGS%20NF%20Bold.ttf
|
||||
[6]: https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k-media/raw/master/MesloLGS%20NF%20Italic.ttf
|
||||
[7]: https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k-media/raw/master/MesloLGS%20NF%20Bold%20Italic.ttf
|
||||
[8]: https://github.com/KittyKatt/screenFetch
|
||||
[9]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/osdc00_edit.png (terminator terminal shot via screenFetch )
|
||||
[10]: https://starship.rs/
|
||||
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (011011100010110101101111)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (Yufei-Yan)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (My Linux story: From Linux user to contributor)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/7/linux-user-contributor)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Taz Brown https://opensource.com/users/heronthecli)
|
||||
|
||||
My Linux story: From Linux user to contributor
|
||||
======
|
||||
Open source communities welcome a diverse group of contributors, from
|
||||
every background and skill set.
|
||||
![Penguin, stylized, contributor spotlight][1]
|
||||
|
||||
I am an IT professional with over 15 years of experience in a number of different roles—systems administrator, senior Linux administrator, DevOps engineer, automation consultant, and senior scrum master. I started learning Linux on Ubuntu but shifted to CentOS as a sysadmin, and later I moved to Fedora for personal use. But my joy for technology started much earlier than my first Linux distribution, and it came in the form of a movie.
|
||||
|
||||
My favorite movie is Hackers. The best scene occurs at the beginning of the movie. The movie starts with a group of special agents breaking into a house to catch the infamous hacker, Zero Cool. We soon discover that Zero Cool is actually 11-year-old Dade Murphy, who managed to crash 1,507 computer systems in one day. He is charged for his crimes, and his family is heavily fined. Additionally, he is banned from using computers or touch-tone telephones until he is 18.
|
||||
|
||||
Paul Cook a.k.a. Lord Nikon, played by Laurence Mason, was my favorite character. One of the main reasons is that I never really saw a hacker movie that had characters that looked like me, so I was fascinated by his portrayal. He was enigmatic. It was refreshing to see, and it made me really proud that I was passionate about IT and that I was a geek of a similar sort.
|
||||
|
||||
![Taz with astronaut][2]
|
||||
|
||||
### Becoming a Linux contributor
|
||||
|
||||
I first started using Linux about 15 years ago. When I became a Linux administrator, Linux became my passion. I was trying to find my way in terms of contributing to open source, and I didn't know where to go. I wondered if I could truly be an influencer because the community is so vast, but once I found a few people who embraced my interests and could show me the way, I was able to open up and ask questions and learn from the community. The [Fedora community][3] has been a core part of my contribution ever since.
|
||||
|
||||
I am relatively new to contributing to open source. My idea of open source changed when I realized I could contribute in ways other than code. I prefer to contribute through documentation, as I am not a software developer at heart, and one of the most pressing needs in the community is often documentation. Remember: user skills matter as much as developer skills.
|
||||
|
||||
### What about the hardware?
|
||||
|
||||
Hardware matters too, and almost everything can run Linux these days. My current home setup includes:
|
||||
|
||||
* Lenovo Thinkserver TS140 with 64 GB of RAM, 4x1TB SSDs and a 1TB HD for data storage, currently running Fedora 30
|
||||
* Synology NAS with 164 TB of storage using a RAID 5 configuration
|
||||
* Logitech MX Master and MX Master 2S for input and output configuration
|
||||
* Kinesis Advantage 2 for a customized and ergonomic keyboard
|
||||
* Two 38-inch LG ultrawide curved monitors and a single 34-inch LG ultrawide monitor
|
||||
* System76 16.1" Oryx Pro with IPS Display, i7 processor with six cores and 12 threads
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
I love the way Fedora handles the peripherals like my mouse and keyboard. Everything works seamlessly. Plug-and-play works as it should, and performance never suffers.
|
||||
|
||||
![Fedora double monitor setup][4]
|
||||
|
||||
### And software?
|
||||
|
||||
Using open source software is essential to my workflow. I rely on:
|
||||
|
||||
* Fedora 30 for my go-to Linux distribution
|
||||
* Wekan, an open-source kanban, for my projects
|
||||
* [Atom][5] as my text editor
|
||||
* Terminator as my go-to terminal because of grid arrangement as well as it's many keyboard shortcuts
|
||||
* Neofetch to show off system information every time I log in to the terminal
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Last but not least, I have my terminal pimped out using [Powerline][6] and Powerlevel9k and Vim-Powerline as well.
|
||||
|
||||
![Multiple fedora screens][7]
|
||||
|
||||
### Linux brings us together
|
||||
|
||||
America is a melting pot, and that's how I see Linux, too, as well as specific communities like the Fedora Project. There is plenty of room for diverse contributions in every Linux community. There are so many ways to be involved, and there is always space for new ideas. I hope that sharing my experiences over the last 15 years in open source can help underrepresented members of the tech community learn about the amazing commitment that open source communities have to diversity and inclusion.
|
||||
|
||||
\---
|
||||
|
||||
_Editor's note: This article is an adaptation of [Taz Brown: How Do You Fedora?][8] and is republished with permission._
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/7/linux-user-contributor
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Taz Brown][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/heronthecli
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/contributor_spotlight_penguin.jpg?itok=azJA5Cj8 (Penguin, stylized, contributor spotlight)
|
||||
[2]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/taz_with_astronaut_0.png (Taz with astronaut)
|
||||
[3]: https://getfedora.org/
|
||||
[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/fedora_double_monitor_setup.jpg (Fedora double monitor setup)
|
||||
[5]: https://fedoramagazine.org/install-atom-fedora/
|
||||
[6]: https://fedoramagazine.org/add-power-terminal-powerline/
|
||||
[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/fedora_screens.jpg (Multiple fedora screens)
|
||||
[8]: https://fedoramagazine.org/taz-brown-how-do-you-fedora/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Balloon-powered internet service goes live in Kenya)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3566295/balloon-powered-internet-service-goes-live-in-kenya.html)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Patrick Nelson https://www.networkworld.com/author/Patrick-Nelson/)
|
||||
|
||||
Balloon-powered internet service goes live in Kenya
|
||||
======
|
||||
Alphabet spinout Loon uses balloons to create a floating network of cell towers.
|
||||
[Loon][1]
|
||||
|
||||
ISP [Telkom Kenya][2] is launching the first commercially available 4G LTE service using balloons that act as a network of cell towers floating in the stratosphere.
|
||||
|
||||
The service will initially cover approximately 19,000 square miles in Kenya, according to Alastair Westgarth, CEO of [Loon][1], a spinout of Alphabet and the underlying technology provider. Roughly 35 or more balloons will comprise the fleet, moving continually, drifting in the stratosphere about 12 miles above the surface of the earth, Westgarth said in an article [on Medium][3]. "We refer to Loon as a floating network of cell towers," Westgarth said.
|
||||
|
||||
Kenya is underserved by traditional internet, which is why this delivery mechanism is appropriate, said Mugo Kibati, Telkom Kenya's CEO, in a [press release][4]. "… the Internet-enabled balloons will be able to offer connectivity to the many Kenyans who live in remote regions that are underserved or totally unserved, and as such remain disadvantaged," Kibati said. Telemedicine and online education are two expected use-cases.
|
||||
|
||||
In testing, Loon achieved a downlink speed of 18.9 Mbps with 19 milliseconds latency and an uplink speed of 4.74Mbps. Westgarth said the service is capable of being used for "voice calls, video calls, YouTube, WhatsApp, email, texting, web browsing" and other applications.
|
||||
|
||||
In the bigger picture, internet service delivery from the stratosphere is an attractive proposition for [IoT][5]. At altitude, network coverage footprints can be more widespread, and coverage can be shifted as demand changes—a mining area moves, for example. In addition, there's less ground-based infrastructure to build out or deal with; developers can avoid the hassle of private property easements required for laying cables, for example.
|
||||
|
||||
Service outages are conceivably more controllable, too. A provider could launch another device instead of having to trace faults through elaborate, remote, ground infrastructure. Backup balloons could be staged, waiting to be placed into service.
|
||||
|
||||
### Drone-based internet delivery
|
||||
|
||||
Another organization that's exploring the atmospheric Internet is Softbank, which calls its 260-foot wide HAWK30 drones a "floating base station in the stratosphere." (See related story: [SoftBank plans drone-delivered IoT and internet by 2023][6])
|
||||
|
||||
One reason the major Japan telco is interested in stratosphere-delivered internet is because the archipelago is prone to natural disasters, such as earthquakes. Floating base stations above Earth can be more easily moved than traditional cell towers, enabling a quicker, more flexible response to natural disasters.
|
||||
|
||||
Loon's balloons, in fact, been used successfully to deliver internet service following a disaster: Loon provided connectivity after Puerto Rico's Hurricane Maria in 2017, for example.
|
||||
|
||||
Westgarth said Loon's balloons have come a long way since initial development. Launching is now performed by automated devices that can propel the ground-station-linked balloons to 60,000 feet once every half-hour, as opposed to by hand, as was done in earlier days.
|
||||
|
||||
Machine-learning algorithms handle navigation to attempt to provide sustained service to users. That's not always possible, however, because wind (although not as excessive as can be found at ground level) and restricted airspace can affect coverage despite what Westgarth calls a "carefully choreographed and orchestrated balloon dance."
|
||||
|
||||
Plus, the devices are solar powered, which means they only function and provide internet (or reposition themselves, or feed internet to other balloons) during daylight hours. For that and other reasons, Westgarth and Kibati have pointed out that the balloons must augment existing infrastructure and plans—they're not a total solution.
|
||||
|
||||
"To connect all the people and things that are demanding it now and into the future, we need to expand our thinking; we need a new layer to the connectivity ecosystem," Westgarth said.
|
||||
|
||||
Join the Network World communities on [Facebook][7] and [LinkedIn][8] to comment on topics that are top of mind.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3566295/balloon-powered-internet-service-goes-live-in-kenya.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Patrick Nelson][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Patrick-Nelson/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://loon.com/
|
||||
[2]: https://www.telkom.co.ke/
|
||||
[3]: https://medium.com/loon-for-all/loon-is-live-in-kenya-259d81c75a7a
|
||||
[4]: https://telkom.co.ke/telkom-and-loon-announce-progressive-deployment-loon-technology-customers-july
|
||||
[5]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3207535/what-is-iot-the-internet-of-things-explained.html
|
||||
[6]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3405170/softbank-plans-drone-delivered-iot-and-internet-by-2023.html
|
||||
[7]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
|
||||
[8]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Data-center survey: IT seeks faster switches, intelligent computing)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3566925/data-center-survey-it-seeks-faster-switches-intelligent-computing.html)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Andy Patrizio https://www.networkworld.com/author/Andy-Patrizio/)
|
||||
|
||||
Data-center survey: IT seeks faster switches, intelligent computing
|
||||
======
|
||||
As data use changes, so do technical needs of the data center operators, who want speed and intelligence.
|
||||
monsitj / Getty Images
|
||||
|
||||
The growth in data use and consumption means the needs of IT managers are changing, and a survey from Omdia (formerly IHS Markit) found [data-center][1] operators are looking for intelligence of all sorts, not just the artificial kind.
|
||||
|
||||
Omdia analysts recently surveyed IT leaders from 140 North American enterprises with at least 101 employees working in North American offices and data centers and asked them what features they wanted the most in their networking technology.
|
||||
|
||||
The results say respondents expect to more than double their average number of data-center sites between 2019 and 2021, and the average number of servers deployed in data centers is expected to double over the same timeline.
|
||||
|
||||
“The on-premises enterprise data center continues to flourish,” the authors wrote in the report. “We are seeing a continuation of the enterprise DC growth phase signaled by the 2018 respondents and confirmed by the respondents of this study. The transformation of the on-premises DC to a cloud architecture continues, and the enterprise DC will be considered a first-class citizen as enterprises build their multi-clouds and shift compute to the edge.”
|
||||
|
||||
But the emphasis appears to be on networking and not necessarily server gear. From 2019 to 2021, more than 60% of respondents expect to increase their investments in Ethernet switches, Fibre Channel switches, network analytics, and network automation. The installed base of data-center Ethernet-switch ports will grow 27% between 2019 and 2021 with higher speeds (100/200/400GE) making up a larger portion of the deployed base.
|
||||
|
||||
High speeds (65% of respondents), openness and interoperability (65%), and application-awareness (65%) are the top features respondents seek when making data-center Ethernet-switching purchases. Increased port speeds are an obvious upgrade decision, and it remains top-of-mind for enterprises.
|
||||
|
||||
And not just any switches will do. The number of respondents using Open Compute Project (OCP)-certified switches has risen significantly since 2019: 76% of respondents adopted OCP switches in 2019 per the 2019 survey versus 60% of respondents in 2018. Bare-metal switches, like those offered by vendors of OCP-certified equipment, are available from several hardware vendors such as Edgecore, Delta Networks and Mellanox/Nvidia.
|
||||
|
||||
### Smarter software**
|
||||
|
||||
**
|
||||
|
||||
Application awareness and automated virtual machine (VM) movement are becoming more important as more data center traffic gets routed from central data centers to edge locations globally. Omdia says the results show that data-center networks can no longer operate in siloes, and respondents want solutions that are easy to integrate, allowing them to monitor their data across compute and storage, independent of physical data-center location.
|
||||
|
||||
And with all that data and virtual machines to move around, respondents seem to be keen on the benefits that AI promises to bring. Many vendors claim their high-throughput (100G-plus Ethernet) DC switches are designed for use in environments required to handle resource-intense applications like AI and ML. But Omdia says it remains to be seen how AI features will impact the DC networking market and what qualitative and quantitative outcomes will result.
|
||||
|
||||
Omdia also says data-center orchestration software will provide automated coordination and management of resource pools including network equipment, servers, and storage. “Enterprise IT teams are selecting orchestration software, and the choice for physical and virtual switching in the DC will depend on the orchestration software selected,” the report said.
|
||||
|
||||
It flags Red Hat Enterprise OpenStack Platform (celebrating its tenth anniversary this month), VMware vCloud, Cisco Intelligent Automation for Cloud [IAC], and Microsoft System Centerj among the leaders of data center orchestration.
|
||||
|
||||
Join the Network World communities on [Facebook][2] and [LinkedIn][3] to comment on topics that are top of mind.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3566925/data-center-survey-it-seeks-faster-switches-intelligent-computing.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Andy Patrizio][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Andy-Patrizio/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3223692/what-is-a-data-centerhow-its-changed-and-what-you-need-to-know.html
|
||||
[2]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world
|
||||
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,97 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (What's the difference between DevSecOps and agile software development)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/7/devsecops-vs-agile)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Sam Bocetta https://opensource.com/users/sambocetta)
|
||||
|
||||
What's the difference between DevSecOps and agile software development
|
||||
======
|
||||
Are you focused more on security or software delivery? Or can you have
|
||||
both?
|
||||
![Brick wall between two people, a developer and an operations manager][1]
|
||||
|
||||
There is a tendency in the tech community to use the terms DevSecOps and agile development interchangeably. While there are some similarities, such as that both aim to detect risks earlier, there are also distinctions that [drastically alter how each would work][2] in your organization.
|
||||
|
||||
DevSecOps built on some of the principles that agile development established. However, DevSecOps is [especially focused on integrating security features][3], while agile is focused on delivering software.
|
||||
|
||||
Knowing how to protect your website or application from ransomware and other threats really comes down to the software and systems development you use. Your needs may impact whether you choose to utilize DevSecOps, agile development, or both.
|
||||
|
||||
### Differences between DevSecOps and agile
|
||||
|
||||
The main distinction between these two systems comes down to one simple concept: security. Depending on your software development practices, your company's security measures—and when, where, and who implements them—may differ significantly.
|
||||
|
||||
Every business [needs IT security][4] to protect their vital data. Virtual private networks (VPNs), digital certificates, firewall protection, multi-factor authentication, secure cloud storage, and teaching employees about basic cybersecurity measures are all actions a business should take if it truly values IT security.
|
||||
|
||||
When you trust DevSecOps, you're taking your company's security and essentially making it tantamount to continuous integration and delivery. DevSecOps methodologies emphasize security at the very beginning of development and make it an integral component of overall software quality.
|
||||
|
||||
This is due to three major principles in DevSecOps security:
|
||||
|
||||
* Balancing user access with data security
|
||||
* [Encrypting data][5] with VPN and SSL to protect it from intruders while it is in transit
|
||||
* Anticipating future risks with tools that scan new code for security flaws and notifying developers about the flaws
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
While DevOps has always intended to include security, not every organization practicing DevOps has kept it in mind. That is where DevSecOps as an evolution of DevOps can offer clarity. Despite the similarity of their names, the two [should not be confused][6]. In a DevSecOps model, security is the primary driving force for the organization.
|
||||
|
||||
Meanwhile, agile development is more focused on iterative development cycles, which means feedback is constantly integrated into continuous software development. [Agile's key principles][7] are to embrace changing environments to provide customers and clients with competitive advantages, to collaborate closely with developers and stakeholders, and to maintain a consistent focus of technical excellence throughout the process to help boost efficiency. In other words, unless an agile team includes security in its definition of excellence, security _is_ an afterthought in agile.
|
||||
|
||||
### Challenges for defense agencies
|
||||
|
||||
If there's any organization dedicated to the utmost in security, it's the U.S. Department of Defense. In 2018, the DoD published a [guide to "fake agile"][8] or "agile in name only" in software development. The guide was designed to warn DoD executives about bad programming and explain how to spot it to avoid risks.
|
||||
|
||||
It's not only DoD that has something to gain by using these methodologies. The healthcare and financial sectors also [maintain massive quantities][9] of sensitive data that must remain secure.
|
||||
|
||||
DoD's changing of the guard with its modernization strategy, which includes the adoption of DevSecOps, is essential. This is particularly pertinent in an age when even the DoD is susceptible to hacker attacks and data breaches, as evidenced by its [massive data breach][10] in February 2020.
|
||||
|
||||
There are also risks inherent in transferring cybersecurity best practices into real-life development. Things won't go perfectly 100% of the time. At best, things will be uncomfortable, and at worst, they could create a whole new set of risks.
|
||||
|
||||
Developers, especially those working on code for military software, may not have a thorough [understanding of all contexts][11] where DevSecOps should be employed. There will be a steep learning curve, but for the greater good of security, these are necessary growing pains.
|
||||
|
||||
### New models in the age of automation
|
||||
|
||||
To address growing concerns about previous security measures, DoD contractors have begun to assess the DevSecOps model. The key is deploying the methodology into continuous service delivery contexts.
|
||||
|
||||
There are three ways this can happen. The first involves automation, which is [already being used][12] in most privacy and security tools, including VPNs and privacy-enhanced mobile operating systems. Instead of relying on human-based checks and balances, automation in large-scale cloud infrastructures can handle ongoing maintenance and security assessments.
|
||||
|
||||
The second element involves the transition to DevSecOps as the primary security checkpoint. Traditionally, systems were designed with zero expectation that data would be accessible as it moves between various components.
|
||||
|
||||
The third and final element involves bringing corporate approaches to military software development. Many DoD contractors and employees come from the commercial sector rather than the military. Their background gives them knowledge and experience in [providing cybersecurity][13] to large-scale businesses, which they can bring into government positions.
|
||||
|
||||
### Challenges worth overcoming
|
||||
|
||||
Switching to a DevSecOps-based methodology presents some challenges. In the last decade, many organizations have completely redesigned their development lifecycles to comply with agile development practices, and making another switch so soon may seem daunting.
|
||||
|
||||
Businesses should gain peace of mind knowing that even the DoD has had trouble with this transition, and they're not alone in the challenges of rolling out new processes to make commercial techniques and tools more widely accessible.
|
||||
|
||||
Looking into the future, the switch to DevSecOps will be no more painful than the switch to agile development was. Firms have a lot to gain by acknowledging the [value of building security][4] into development workflows, as well as building upon the advantages of existing agile networks.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/7/devsecops-vs-agile
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Sam Bocetta][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/sambocetta
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/devops_confusion_wall_questions.png?itok=zLS7K2JG (Brick wall between two people, a developer and an operations manager)
|
||||
[2]: https://tech.gsa.gov/guides/understanding_differences_agile_devsecops/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/devops/what-is-devsecops
|
||||
[4]: https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/security
|
||||
[5]: https://surfshark.com/blog/does-vpn-protect-you-from-hackers
|
||||
[6]: https://www.infoq.com/articles/evolve-devops-devsecops/
|
||||
[7]: https://enterprisersproject.com/article/2019/9/agile-project-management-explained
|
||||
[8]: https://www.governmentciomedia.com/defense-innovation-board-issues-guide-detecting-agile-bs
|
||||
[9]: https://www.redhat.com/en/solutions/financial-services
|
||||
[10]: https://www.military.com/daily-news/2020/02/25/dod-agency-suffers-data-breach-potentially-compromising-ssns.html
|
||||
[11]: https://fcw.com/articles/2020/01/23/dod-devsecops-guidance-williams.aspx
|
||||
[12]: https://privacyaustralia.net/privacy-tools/
|
||||
[13]: https://www.securitymagazine.com/articles/88301-cybersecurity-is-standard-business-practice-for-large-companies
|
||||
@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (How to configure an SSH proxy server with Squid)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/configure-ssh-proxy-server/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Curt Warfield https://fedoramagazine.org/author/rcurtiswarfield/)
|
||||
|
||||
How to configure an SSH proxy server with Squid
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
![][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Sometimes you can’t connect to an SSH server from your current location. Other times, you may want to add an extra layer of security to your SSH connection. In these cases connecting to another SSH server via a proxy server is one way to get through.
|
||||
|
||||
[Squid][2] is a full-featured proxy server application that provides caching and proxy services. It’s normally used to help improve response times and reduce network bandwidth by reusing and caching previously requested web pages during browsing.
|
||||
|
||||
However for this setup you’ll configure Squid to be used as an SSH proxy server since it’s a robust trusted proxy server that is easy to configure.
|
||||
|
||||
### Installation and configuration
|
||||
|
||||
Install the squid package using [sudo][3]:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo dnf install squid -y
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The squid configuration file is quite extensive but there are only a few things we need to configure. Squid uses access control lists to manage connections.
|
||||
|
||||
Edit the _/etc/squid/squid.conf_ file to make sure you have the two lines explained below.
|
||||
|
||||
First, specify your local IP network. The default configuration file already has a list of the most common ones but you will need to add yours if it’s not there. For example, if your local IP network range is 192.168.1.X, this is how the line would look:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
acl localnet src 192.168.1.0/24
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Next, add the SSH port as a safe port by adding the following line:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
acl Safe_ports port 22
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Save that file. Now enable and restart the squid proxy service:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo systemctl enable squid
|
||||
$ sudo systemctl restart squid
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
4.) By default squid proxy listens on port 3128. Configure firewalld to allow for this:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=squid --perm
|
||||
$ sudo firewall-cmd --reload
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Testing the ssh proxy connection
|
||||
|
||||
To connect to a server via ssh through a proxy server we’ll be using netcat.
|
||||
|
||||
Install _nmap-ncat_ if it’s not already installed:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo dnf install nmap-ncat -y
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Here is an example of a standard ssh connection:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ ssh user@example.com
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Here is how you would connect to that same server using the squid proxy server as a gateway.
|
||||
|
||||
This example assumes the squid proxy server’s IP address is 192.168.1.63. You can also use the host-name or the FQDN of the squid proxy server:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ ssh user@example.com -o "ProxyCommand nc --proxy 192.168.1.63:3128 %h %p"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Here are the meanings of the options:
|
||||
|
||||
* _ProxyCommand_ – Tells ssh a proxy command is going to be used.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* _nc_ – The command used to establish the connection to the proxy server. This is the netcat command.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* ***%***_h_ – The placeholder for the proxy server’s host-name or IP address.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* ***%***_p_ ******– The placeholder for the proxy server’s port number.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
There are many ways to configure an SSH proxy server but this is a simple way to get started.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://fedoramagazine.org/configure-ssh-proxy-server/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Curt Warfield][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/rcurtiswarfield/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/squid_ssh_proxy-816x345.png
|
||||
[2]: http://www.squid-cache.org/
|
||||
[3]: https://fedoramagazine.org/howto-use-sudo/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (An introduction to mutation testing in Python)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/7/mutmut-python)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Moshe Zadka https://opensource.com/users/moshez)
|
||||
|
||||
An introduction to mutation testing in Python
|
||||
======
|
||||
Turn invisible bugs into visible fixes with mutation testing.
|
||||
![Searching for code][1]
|
||||
|
||||
You have tests for everything; maybe you even have a badge in your project repository stating 100% test coverage. But what are these tests helping you do? How do you know?
|
||||
|
||||
The _costs_ of unit tests are clear to developers. Tests have to be written. Occasionally they don't work as intended: there are false alarms or flapping tests that alternate success and failure without any code changes. The small bugs you can find through unit tests are valuable, but often they happen quietly on a developer machine and are fixed before a commit ever goes into version control. But the truly alarming bugs are mostly invisible. And the worst of all, the _missing alarms_ are completely invisible: you don't see the bugs you failed to catch until the code gets into a user's hands—and sometimes not even then.
|
||||
|
||||
There is one type of test that makes it possible to make the invisible visible: [mutation testing][2].
|
||||
|
||||
Mutation testing algorithmically modifies source code and checks if any "mutants" survived each test. Any mutant that survives the unit test is a problem: it means that a modification to the code, likely introducing a bug, was not caught by the standard test suite.
|
||||
|
||||
One framework for mutation testing in [Python][3] is `mutmut`.
|
||||
|
||||
Imagine you need to write code that calculates the angle between the hour hand and the minute hand in an analog clock to the nearest degree. The code might look something like:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
def hours_hand(hour, minutes):
|
||||
base = (hour % 12 ) * (360 // 12)
|
||||
correction = int((minutes / 60) * (360 // 12))
|
||||
return base + correction
|
||||
|
||||
def minutes_hand(hour, minutes):
|
||||
return minutes * (360 // 60)
|
||||
|
||||
def between(hour, minutes):
|
||||
return abs(hours_hand(hour, minutes) - minutes_hand(hour, minutes))
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
To begin, write a simple unit test:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
import angle
|
||||
|
||||
def test_twelve():
|
||||
assert angle.between(12, 00) == 0
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Is this enough? The code has no `if` statement, so if you check coverage:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ coverage run `which pytest`
|
||||
============================= test session starts ==============================
|
||||
platform linux -- Python 3.8.3, pytest-5.4.3, py-1.8.2, pluggy-0.13.1
|
||||
rootdir: /home/moshez/src/mut-mut-test
|
||||
collected 1 item
|
||||
|
||||
tests/test_angle.py . [100%]
|
||||
|
||||
============================== 1 passed in 0.01s ===============================
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Perfect! The tests pass, and coverage is at 100%. Testing expert, you are. But what does that coverage look like when you use mutation testing?
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ mutmut run --paths-to-mutate angle.py
|
||||
<snip>
|
||||
Legend for output:
|
||||
🎉 Killed mutants. The goal is for everything to end up in this bucket.
|
||||
⏰ Timeout. Test suite took 10 times as long as the baseline so were killed.
|
||||
🤔 Suspicious. Tests took a long time, but not long enough to be fatal.
|
||||
🙁 Survived. This means your tests needs to be expanded.
|
||||
🔇 Skipped. Skipped.
|
||||
<snip>
|
||||
⠋ 21/21 🎉 5 ⏰ 0 🤔 0 🙁 16 🔇 0
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Oh no. Out of 21 mutants, 16 survived. Only five cases passed the mutation testing. But what does that mean?
|
||||
|
||||
For each mutation test, `mutmut` modified portions of your source code that simulates potential bugs. An example of a modification is changing a `>` comparison to `>=` to see what happens. If there is no unit test for this boundary condition, this mutation will "survive": this is a potential bug that none of the tests will detect.
|
||||
|
||||
It's time to write better unit tests. It is easy to check which changes were made with `results`:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ mutmut results
|
||||
<snip>
|
||||
Survived 🙁 (16)
|
||||
|
||||
\---- angle.py (16) ----
|
||||
|
||||
4-7, 9-14, 16-21
|
||||
$ mutmut apply 4
|
||||
$ git diff
|
||||
diff --git a/angle.py b/angle.py
|
||||
index b5dca41..3939353 100644
|
||||
\--- a/angle.py
|
||||
+++ b/angle.py
|
||||
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
||||
def hours_hand(hour, minutes):
|
||||
hour = hour % 12
|
||||
\- base = hour * (360 // 12)
|
||||
\+ base = hour / (360 // 12)
|
||||
correction = int((minutes / 60) * (360 // 12))
|
||||
return base + correction
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This is a typical example of a mutation `mutmut` performs; it analyzes the source code and changes operators to different operators: addition to subtraction or, in this case, multiplication to division. Unit tests, generally speaking, should catch bugs when an operator changes; otherwise, they are not testing the behavior effectively. Following this logic, `mutmut` twiddles through source code to double-check your tests.
|
||||
|
||||
You can use `mutmut apply` to apply a failed mutant. Wow, it turns out you barely checked whether the `hour` parameter was used correctly. Fix that:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ git diff
|
||||
diff --git a/tests/test_angle.py b/tests/test_angle.py
|
||||
index f51d43a..1a2e4df 100644
|
||||
\--- a/tests/test_angle.py
|
||||
+++ b/tests/test_angle.py
|
||||
@@ -2,3 +2,6 @@ import angle
|
||||
|
||||
def test_twelve():
|
||||
assert angle.between(12, 00) == 0
|
||||
+
|
||||
+def test_three():
|
||||
\+ assert angle.between(3, 00) == 90
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Previously, you tested only for 12. Will adding a test for three be enough to improve?
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ mutmut run --paths-to-mutate angle.py
|
||||
<snip>
|
||||
⠋ 21/21 🎉 7 ⏰ 0 🤔 0 🙁 14 🔇 0
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This new test managed to kill two of the mutants—better than before, but still a long way to go. I won't work through each of the 14 cases left to fix, because I think the pattern is clear. (Can you get them down to zero?)
|
||||
|
||||
Mutation testing is another tool, along with coverage measurement, that allows you to see how comprehensive your test suite is. Using it makes the case that tests need to be improved: any one of those surviving mutants is a mistake a human being can make while fat-fingering code, as well as a potential bug creeping into your program. Keep testing and happy hunting.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/7/mutmut-python
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Moshe Zadka][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/moshez
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/search_find_code_python_programming.png?itok=ynSL8XRV (Searching for code)
|
||||
[2]: https://opensource.com/article/19/8/mutation-testing-evolution-tdd
|
||||
[3]: https://opensource.com/resources/python
|
||||
@ -1,130 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Why People Are Crazy About Arch Linux? What’s so Special About it?)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/why-arch-linux/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/)
|
||||
|
||||
Why People Are Crazy About Arch Linux? What’s so Special About it?
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
BTW, I use Arch!
|
||||
|
||||
You may have come across this term in Linux forums, discussion or in memes.
|
||||
|
||||
You might wonder why Arch Linux is so popular? Why people like it so much when there are easier to use, if not better, [Arch-based distributions][1] available.
|
||||
|
||||
In this article, I’ll list some of the reasons why Linux users like to use [Arch Linux][2].
|
||||
|
||||
### 6 reasons why people love to use Arch Linux
|
||||
|
||||
![][3]
|
||||
|
||||
Now, this is my perception. There is no set rule, of course, why you should be using Arch Linux. It’s what I have observed in my over a decade of experience with Linux users and communities.
|
||||
|
||||
Let’s see why Arch Linux is so popular.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1\. The DIY approach gives you the control over every aspect of your operating system
|
||||
|
||||
I have always found Arch Linux as a DIY (Do It Yourself) operating system. From installing to managing, Arch Linux lets you handle everything.
|
||||
|
||||
You decide which desktop environment to use, which components and services to install. This granular control gives you a minimal operating system to build upon with elements of your choice.
|
||||
|
||||
If you are a DIY enthusiast, you’ll love Arch Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2\. Using Arch Linux gives you a better understanding of how Linux works
|
||||
|
||||
![Installing Arch Linux by creating partition and making filesystem via command line][4]
|
||||
|
||||
If you ever tried to install Arch Linux, you know the complexity that comes with it.
|
||||
|
||||
But that complexity also mean that you’ll be forced to learn things that you probably never bother to in other distributions.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, configuring network itself while installing Arch Linux is a good learning lesson.
|
||||
|
||||
If you start to get overwhelmed, [Arch Wiki][5] is there for you. It is the most extensive and awesome community-managed documentation on the internet. Just browsing through Arch Wiki will teach you plenty of things.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3\. Rolling release gives you the latest kernel and software
|
||||
|
||||
![System update in Arch Linux][6]
|
||||
|
||||
Arch Linux is a rolling release distribution. That means new kernel and application versions are rolled out to you as soon as they are released.
|
||||
|
||||
While most other [Linux distributions serve you old Linux kernel versions][7], Arch is quick to provide you the latest kernel.
|
||||
|
||||
The same goes for software. If a software in the Arch repositories have a new version released, Arch users get the new versions before other users most of the time.
|
||||
|
||||
Everything is fresh and cutting edge in the rolling release model. You don’t have to upgrade operating system from one version to another. Just use the [pacman command][8] and you always have the latest version.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4\. Arch User Repository aka AUR
|
||||
|
||||
![][9]
|
||||
|
||||
Arch Linux has plenty of software in its repository. The AUR extends the software offering of Arch Linux. You get a huge number of software with [AUR in Arch Linux][10].
|
||||
|
||||
AUR is the community driven approach to provide newer applications. You can search and install applications with the help of an [AUR helper][11] tool.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5\. Sense of accomplishment
|
||||
|
||||
![][12]
|
||||
|
||||
As James Clear mentions in his book Atomic Habits, _**human brain loves a challenge, but only if it is within an optimal zone of difficulty**_.
|
||||
|
||||
Remember the feeling when you first installed any Linux distribution even if it was installing Linux Mint? That gave you a sense of achievement. You successfully installed Linux!
|
||||
|
||||
If you have been using Ubuntu or Fedora or other distribution for some time and you start to get comfortable (or bored), try installing Arch Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
For a moderately experienced Linux user, [successfully installing Arch Linux][13] itself gives a sense of accomplishment.
|
||||
|
||||
It is a challenge but an achievable one. If you suggest a new Linux user to try Arch Linux or even more complicated one like [Linux From Scratch][14], the challenge would be too difficult to achieve.
|
||||
|
||||
This sense of successfully completing a challenge is also one of the reasons why people use Arch Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6\. No corporate involvement! Arch is created, supported and owned by community
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu is backed by Canonical, Fedora is from Red Hat (part of IBM now) and openSUSE is from SUSE. All these major distributions are corporate backed.
|
||||
|
||||
This is not bad or crime in itself. But a few people do not like corporate involvement in open source projects.
|
||||
|
||||
Like Debian, Arch Linux is one of the rare few community-only Linux distribution projects.
|
||||
|
||||
You may point out that many other distributions like Linux Mint etc are also not sponsored by corporate. Well, that might be true but Linux Mint itself is based on Ubuntu and uses Ubuntu’s repositories. Arch Linux is not derivative of another distribution.
|
||||
|
||||
In that sense, [Debian][15] and Arch Linux are more pure community-driven projects. It may not matter to many people but a few people do care about such things.
|
||||
|
||||
#### According to you, why Arch Linux is so popular?
|
||||
|
||||
Now, you may not agree with all the points I made and that’s okay. I would like your views on why Arch Linux is so popular and has cult status among Linux users?
|
||||
|
||||
While you write the comments, let me share a BTW, I use Arch meme :)
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/why-arch-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/arch-based-linux-distros/
|
||||
[2]: https://www.archlinux.org/
|
||||
[3]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/why-arch-linux.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[4]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/efi_system_partition-1.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[5]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/
|
||||
[6]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/sudo-pacman-Syu.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[7]: https://itsfoss.com/why-distros-use-old-kernel/
|
||||
[8]: https://itsfoss.com/pacman-command/
|
||||
[9]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/AUR.png?resize=800%2C451&ssl=1
|
||||
[10]: https://itsfoss.com/aur-arch-linux/
|
||||
[11]: https://itsfoss.com/best-aur-helpers/
|
||||
[12]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/installed-arch-linux.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[13]: https://itsfoss.com/install-arch-linux/
|
||||
[14]: http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/
|
||||
[15]: https://www.debian.org/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Video Trimmer: A No-nonsense, Simple Video Trimming Application for Linux Desktop)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/video-trimmer/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/)
|
||||
|
||||
Video Trimmer: A No-nonsense, Simple Video Trimming Application for Linux Desktop
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
_**Brief: A dead simple tool to trim videos quickly without re-encoding it. Here, we take a look at what it offers.**_
|
||||
|
||||
You probably are already aware of some of the [best free video editors][1] for Linux but not everyone needs all the features offered.
|
||||
|
||||
Sometimes you just want to perform a single operation quickly, for instance — trimming a video.
|
||||
|
||||
Would you rather choose to explore a full-fledged video editor just to perform a simple trim operation or prefer a quick tool to help you trim the video?
|
||||
|
||||
Of course, it would depend on your personal preferences and what you’d want to do with the video. But, for the majority of the users, a tool that makes it super easy to trim a video will be the preference.
|
||||
|
||||
Hence, I’d like to highlight a dead simple open-source tool to trim videos quickly – “[Video Trimmer][2]“.
|
||||
|
||||
![][3]
|
||||
|
||||
### Video Trimmer: A simple application to trim videos quickly
|
||||
|
||||
Video Trimmer is an open-source application that helps in trimming video clips without re-encoding them.
|
||||
|
||||
So, basically, you’ll be able to trim videos without losing the original quality.
|
||||
|
||||
All you have to do is – just open the video file using Video Trimmer and then select the region to trim using the mouse.
|
||||
|
||||
You can manually set the time range to trim or just drag the region to trim using the mouse. Of course, it could take a while to manually set the timestamp if it’s a long video file and you don’t know where to look at.
|
||||
|
||||
To give you an idea, take a look at the screenshot below to see the options available when using Video Trimmer:
|
||||
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
### Installing Video Trimmer on Linux
|
||||
|
||||
Video Trimmer is only available as a Flatpak package on [Flathub][5]. So, you should be able to install it on any Linux distribution with Flatpak support without any issues.
|
||||
|
||||
In case you didn’t know about Flatpak, you might want to refer our guide on [using and installing Flatpak][6].
|
||||
|
||||
[Video Trimmer (Flathub)][5]
|
||||
|
||||
### Wrapping Up
|
||||
|
||||
Video Trimmer uses [ffmpeg][7] underneath it. What it does can be done easily [using ffmpeg commands][8] in the terminal. But then not everyone wants to use terminal for cutting part of a video. Tools like Video Trimmer help such people (like me).
|
||||
|
||||
For some reason, if you want to look for an alternative to this, you may try [VidCutter][9] as well. Of course, you can always rely on [top video editors available for Linux][10] (like [OpenShot][11]) to trim videos along with the ability to perform some advanced operations.
|
||||
|
||||
What do you think about using “**Video Trimmer**” on Linux? Do you already have another favorite video trimming tool? Let me know your thoughts in the comments below!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/video-trimmer/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/open-source-video-editors/
|
||||
[2]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/YaLTeR/video-trimmer
|
||||
[3]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/video-trimmer.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[4]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/video-trimmer-screenshot.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[5]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.gnome.gitlab.YaLTeR.VideoTrimmer
|
||||
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/flatpak-guide/
|
||||
[7]: https://ffmpeg.org/
|
||||
[8]: https://itsfoss.com/ffmpeg/
|
||||
[9]: https://itsfoss.com/vidcutter-video-editor-linux/
|
||||
[10]: https://itsfoss.com/best-video-editing-software-linux/
|
||||
[11]: https://itsfoss.com/openshot-video-editor-release/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Tiny Yet Useful: 13 Raspberry Pi Zero Alternatives That Cost Less Than $20)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-zero-alternatives/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Chinmay https://itsfoss.com/author/chinmay/)
|
||||
|
||||
Tiny Yet Useful: 13 Raspberry Pi Zero Alternatives That Cost Less Than $20
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
The [Raspberry Pi Zero][1] and the [Raspberry Pi Zero W][2] were added to the line up of Raspberry Pi’s in the last few years. These ultra-small form-factor SBC’s have been a big hit and continue to be a part of [Raspberry Pi projects][3] from the maker and DIY communities.
|
||||
|
||||
Due to the smaller form factor and the prices these boards are targeting, they have had to cut down on many features like a dedicated Ethernet port, slower processor (compared to their full-fledged cousins).
|
||||
|
||||
In an earlier article, we listed the [best alternatives to Raspberry Pi][4]. In this one, I’ll list some alternatives to Raspberry Pi Zero and Zero W.
|
||||
|
||||
Preview | Product | Price |
|
||||
---|---|---|---
|
||||
![CanaKit Raspberry Pi Zero W \(Wireless\) Complete Starter Kit - 16 GB Edition][5] ![CanaKit Raspberry Pi Zero W \(Wireless\) Complete Starter Kit - 16 GB Edition][5] | [CanaKit Raspberry Pi Zero W (Wireless) Complete Starter Kit - 16 GB Edition][6] | $34.99[][7] | [Buy on Amazon][8]
|
||||
|
||||
### Alternative to Raspberry Pi Zero: Tiny single board computers for IoT and Embedded Projects
|
||||
|
||||
![][9]
|
||||
|
||||
We have great alternatives with variety of feature sets for different projects, thanks to open source designs and open source software stacks. All the boards in this round up run embedded Linux in various flavors.
|
||||
|
||||
Even though the Raspberry Pi Zero was released at $5 and the Zero W at $10, it’s often very hard to find them at those prices even in US. Outside US they usually cost around $12 – $20 .
|
||||
|
||||
Keeping that in mind let’s take a look at some of the alternatives for the Raspberry Pi Zero boards for under $20.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1\. Banana Pi BPI M2 Zero
|
||||
|
||||
![][10]
|
||||
|
||||
The Banana Pi M2 Zero at **$18** is has the same layout as a Raspberry Pi Zero W. It looks like a clone of the Pi Zero W but other than the form factor it is anything but a clone. It has a faster Allwinner H2+ SOC at its heart and Ethernet can be added externally . It can also run a variety of Linux based operating systems.
|
||||
|
||||
**Key Specifications**
|
||||
|
||||
* Allwinner H2+ Quad-core Cortex-A7 H265/HEVC 1080P with Mali400MP2 for the GPU
|
||||
* 512M DDR3(shared with GPU)
|
||||
* 40 Pins Header,compatible with Raspberry Pi 3
|
||||
* WiFi (AP6212) & Bluetooth onboard. Extra antenna connector
|
||||
* A CSI input connector Camera
|
||||
* Power and Reset Button
|
||||
* Mini HDMI Output
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can get more information from the [Banana Pi Wiki][11] and pick one up from [here][12].
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2\. Banana Pi BPI-M2 Magic (BPi-M2M)
|
||||
|
||||
![][13]
|
||||
|
||||
There are two variants of this board the one without the eMMC flash onboard costs **$20**. It is another tiny SBC with quite a lot of processing power for its size. Off the top of my head this board is a good fit for a touch control panel and dashboard for IoT and home automation. The on-board battery management system is quite attractive.
|
||||
|
||||
**Key Specifications**
|
||||
|
||||
* Allwinner A33/R16 Quad Core ARM Cortex-A7, MALI 400 MP2 GPU
|
||||
* WiFi 802.11 b/g/n 2.4GHz (AP6212) & BT v4.0 with BLE
|
||||
* 512MB DDR3 (shared with GPU)
|
||||
* MIPI Display Serial Interface (DSI) interface(4 data lanes)
|
||||
* A CSI input connector Camera, video capture up-to 1080p at 30fps
|
||||
* Onboard microphone and battery management
|
||||
* No HDMI output
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can get more information from the [Banana Pi Wiki][14] and pick one up from [here][15].
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3\. Banana Pi BPI-P2 Maker
|
||||
|
||||
![][16]
|
||||
|
||||
This board at **$13** (**$19** with POE module) is one of the smallest SBC’s with on board Ethernet and support for POE(power over ethernet). With the same Allwinner H2+ SOC as the M2 zero, this is quite an interesting board.It has an onboard eMMC storage of 8Gb and a camera interface, with POE you can convert this into a DIY security camera and also use the powerful processor for basic ML.
|
||||
|
||||
**Key Specifications**
|
||||
|
||||
* CPU: Allwinner H2+, Quad-core Cortex-A7
|
||||
* 512MB DDR 3 SDRAM.
|
||||
* WiFi (AP6212) & Bluetooth onboard.
|
||||
* 8G eMMC flash onboard
|
||||
* 100M LAN
|
||||
* Mini HDMI
|
||||
* CSI Camera Interface
|
||||
* IEEE 802.3af PoE standard PoE module support
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can get more information from the [Banana Pi Wiki][17] and pick one up from [here][18].
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4\. Orange Pi Zero LTS
|
||||
|
||||
![][19]
|
||||
|
||||
At **$11.49** (**$9.49** for the 256 MB version) this is the cheapest and the smallest board with onboard Ethernet and POE functionality. It has the ever common Alwinner H2+ at its heart and a solid expansion options via the GPIO and the 13 pin functional header.
|
||||
|
||||
**Key Specifications**
|
||||
|
||||
* Allwinner H2+ Quad-core Cortex-A7 H.265/HEVC 1080P
|
||||
* Mali400MP2 GPU @600MHz
|
||||
* 256MB/512MB DDR3 SDRAM(Share with GPU)(256MB version is Standard version)
|
||||
* 10/100M Ethernet RJ45 POE is default off
|
||||
* WiFi with XR819, IEEE 802.11 b/g/n
|
||||
* 26 Pin GPIO Header
|
||||
* 13 Pins Header, with 2x USB, IR pin, AUDIO(MIC, AV)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can get more information from their [official page][20] and pick one up from Amazon.
|
||||
|
||||
Preview | Product | Price |
|
||||
---|---|---|---
|
||||
![Orange Pi Zero Single Board Computer Quad Core Open-Source Development Board 512MB with WiFi Antenna][21] ![Orange Pi Zero Single Board Computer Quad Core Open-Source Development Board 512MB with WiFi Antenna][21] | [Orange Pi Zero Single Board Computer Quad Core Open-Source Development Board 512MB with WiFi Antenna][22] | $11.99 | [Buy on Amazon][23]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5\. Orange Pi i96
|
||||
|
||||
![][24]
|
||||
|
||||
At **$8.8** this board is smallest one yet at 6cm x 3cm. It uses the [RDA8810PL SOC][25] meant for a fairly advanced feature phone. The board is suited for camera applications(according to the manufacturer) can capture upto 1080p at 30fps. It has a fairy good IO for the price.
|
||||
|
||||
**Key Specifications**
|
||||
|
||||
* RDA8810PL ARM Cortex-A5 32bit single core processor
|
||||
* Vivante’s GC860 GPU
|
||||
* Integrated 256MB LPDDR2 SDRAM
|
||||
* WiFi + BT using the RDA5991
|
||||
* CSI Camera Input
|
||||
* 40 pin GPIO header
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can get more information from their [official page][26] and pick one up from [here][27].
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6\. Orange Pi PC
|
||||
|
||||
![][28]
|
||||
|
||||
This board packs in a lot of goodies for **$15**. It’s one of the very few boards which offer 1GB of RAM at such a price point. It uses the Allwinner H3 SOC and can decode 4K HEVC/H.265 video. It has an HDMI port with support for HDCP , CEC as well. This SBC can make a good media box with the right software. It even has onboard IR Receiver and a Microphone.
|
||||
|
||||
**Key Specifications**
|
||||
|
||||
* Allwinner H3 Quad-core Cortex-A7 , 1.6GHz
|
||||
* 1GB DDR3 (shared with GPU)
|
||||
* HDMI with support for 4K video
|
||||
* CSI Camera interface and onboard microphone
|
||||
* SD Card slot
|
||||
* IR Receiver
|
||||
* 3.5mm Audio Jack
|
||||
* Ethernet
|
||||
* No WiFi/Bluetooth onboard
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
There is also a cut down version of the Orange Pi PC powered by the same SOC but with less RAM.
|
||||
|
||||
You can get more information from their [official page][29] and pick one up from [here][30].
|
||||
|
||||
#### 7\. Orange Pi One & Orange Pi Lite
|
||||
|
||||
These two boards are also powered by the Alwinner H3 SoC used in the Orange Pi PC. But these come with 512MB of RAM instead of the 1GB offered by the Orange Pi PC.
|
||||
|
||||
**Key Specifications**
|
||||
|
||||
* Allwinner H3 Quad Core
|
||||
* HDMI with 4K support
|
||||
* SD Card slot
|
||||
* 512 MB of DDR3 RAM
|
||||
* CSI Camera Interface
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
![Orange Pi Lite][31]
|
||||
|
||||
![Orange Pi One][32]
|
||||
|
||||
The Orange Pi Lite comes in at **$12**, it does not feature an on-board Ethernet and offers WiFi instead. It also has onboard microphone and IR receiver. You can get more info from their [official page][33] and buy one from [here][34].
|
||||
|
||||
The Orange Pi One on comes in at **$11** and features on-board Ethernet for wired networking and does not offer any WiFi support. You can get more info from their [official page][35] and buy one from [here][36].
|
||||
|
||||
Before we finish up with the Orange Pi boards, I do want to quickly mention a couple more boards they offer for custom applications.
|
||||
|
||||
* Orange Pi R1 – This is a tiny board with dual Ethernet ports, you can use it to build a network device.
|
||||
* Orange Pi 2G IOT & Orange Pi 3G IOT- These boards feature 2G & 3G cellular connectivity for IoT Applications.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
These boards also cost less than **$20** and you can check them out on their [official website][37].
|
||||
|
||||
#### 8\. NanoPi Neo LTS
|
||||
|
||||
![][38]
|
||||
|
||||
Starting at **$9**.**99**, this board is very simple and tiny(4cm x 4cm), a similar form factor as the Orange Pi Zero. Unlike the Orange Pi Zero it is powered by the more powerful Allwinner H3 SoC and upto 512MB of RAM. It does not feature any onboard WiFi/BT chipset but you can add one via the USB port. This is a really good board to run headless Linux servers, DNS filters like Pi-Hole and it’ll make a really good edge device for any IoT Applications. Using the GPIO you can expand the functionality to match your needs.
|
||||
|
||||
**Key Specifications**
|
||||
|
||||
* Allwinner H3 Quad Core Cortex A7 upto 1.2GHz
|
||||
* Upto 512 MB of RAM
|
||||
* Micro SD slot (upto 128GB)
|
||||
* 10/100 Ethernet
|
||||
* Additional interfaces via the abundant GPIO
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can get more information and also purchase them from their [official page][39] .
|
||||
|
||||
![][40]
|
||||
|
||||
There is a bare bones version of the NanoPi NEO called the NanoPi NEO Core LTS which adds eMMC for industrial applications and lets go of the onboard USB and Ethernet ports. All features are available via the GPIO expansion. You can check it out [here][41] .
|
||||
|
||||
![][42]
|
||||
|
||||
There is also a WiFi/BT version of the NanoPi NEO called the NanoPi NEO Air which also adds eMMC and camera input and lets go of the onboard USB and Ethernet ports. You can check it out [here][43].
|
||||
|
||||
#### 9\. Zero Pi
|
||||
|
||||
![][44]
|
||||
|
||||
This is one of my favorite boards from this round up, it costs **$9.99** and has a fast 1Gbps Ethernet onboard. With the Allwinner H3 at its heart, this can be a very powerful and tiny machine on your network. It supports OpenWRT which is great considering the 1Gbps Ethernet. You can easily run multiple instances of Pi-Hole along with a DNS Server.
|
||||
|
||||
**Key Specifications**
|
||||
|
||||
* Allwinner H3 Quad Core Cortex A7 at upto 1.2GHz
|
||||
* 512MB of RAM
|
||||
* USB 2.0 Port
|
||||
* Support for OpenWRT
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can get more information and also purchase them from their [official page][45] .
|
||||
|
||||
#### 10\. NanoPi NEO 2
|
||||
|
||||
![][46]
|
||||
|
||||
At **$19.99** , the NanoPi NEO 2 costs twice the NEO. It retains the same form factor and brings in the Allwinner H5 SoC and 1Gbps Ethernet. This makes the board a tiny power house.
|
||||
|
||||
**Key Specifications**
|
||||
|
||||
* Allwinner H5, Quad-core 64-bit high-performance Cortex A53
|
||||
* Hexacore Mali450 GPU
|
||||
* 512MB RAM
|
||||
* 1Gbps onboard Ethernet
|
||||
* 24 pin GPIO
|
||||
* Functional headers for Audio and other interfaces like IR
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can get more information and also purchase them from their [official page][47] .
|
||||
|
||||
That’s about all the boards in the NanoPi series, they also have a few more interesting boards with dual 1Gbps ports and a couple focused around camera.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 11\. La Frite
|
||||
|
||||
![][48]
|
||||
|
||||
From the makers of the [Le Potato][49] , this board at **$20** is mainly geared towards applications involving media consumption or media streaming. It supports 1080p video playback with HDR metadata via the HDMI 2.0 port. It supports the latest Android 9/TV, upstream Linux, u-boot, Kodi, and more.
|
||||
|
||||
**Key Specifications**
|
||||
|
||||
* Amlogic S805X SoC, Quad Core Cortex-A53 @ 1.2GHz
|
||||
* Upto 1GB DDR4 SDRAM
|
||||
* Amlogic Video Engine 10, support for H.264,H.265 and VP9 decoding upto 1080p 60fps
|
||||
* 100Mbps Ethernet
|
||||
* IR Receiver
|
||||
* 40 pin GPIO
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can get more information from their [official page][50] .
|
||||
|
||||
#### 12\. Onion Omega2+
|
||||
|
||||
![][51]
|
||||
|
||||
If you’re looking for an IoT application the [Onion Omega][52] 2+ can be a good alternative to the Raspberry Pi Zero. It is an IoT centric development platfrom and runs on LEDE (Linux Embedded Development Environment) Linux OS – a distribution based on [OpenWRT][53].
|
||||
|
||||
**Key Specifications**
|
||||
|
||||
* MT7688 SoC
|
||||
* 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.11 b/g/n WiFi
|
||||
* 128 MB DDR2 RAM
|
||||
* 32 MB on-board flash storage
|
||||
* MicroSD slot
|
||||
* USB 2.0
|
||||
* 12 GPIO pins
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can pick one up as bare bones module for **$13** or various kits from their [website][54].
|
||||
|
||||
#### 13\. VoCore2
|
||||
|
||||
![][55]
|
||||
|
||||
The VoCore2 is definitely the smallest of the bunch, the bare-bones module is only 1″x1″ in size and costs **$17.99**. The tiny size makes it easy to embed in different applications and allows selective expansion of features based on the need. It is powered by the MediaTek MT7628 which was specially designed for low to mid-range routers. The manufacturer claims that they’ll keep up the production till 2025 which is really good.
|
||||
|
||||
**Key Specifications**
|
||||
|
||||
* MediaTek MT7628, 580 MHz, MIPS 24K
|
||||
* 128MB RAM, DDR2 166MHz
|
||||
* Ethernet – 1 port/5 ports, up to 100Mbps
|
||||
* Wireless – 802.11n, 2T2R, speed up to 300Mbps
|
||||
* Storage – 16M NOR on board, support SDXC up to 2TB
|
||||
* One on board U.FL slot (Antenna Connector)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can get more information about the board from [here][56] and pick one up from their [official website][57].
|
||||
|
||||
**W**r**apping up**
|
||||
|
||||
It’s undeniable that there are all kinds of SBC’s available in various form factors and feature sets for a wide variety of use cases. On top of that most of these are open source designs and run on open source software. An absolute wonderland for a hardcore tinkerer.
|
||||
|
||||
With COVID-19 hanging around it might be a little tough to get your hands on these boards. Let’s hope things get better soon!
|
||||
|
||||
If you guys know of any other interesting alternatives for the Raspberry Pi Zero and Zero W put them in the comments below and we’ll check them out.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-zero-alternatives/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Chinmay][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/chinmay/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-zero/
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-zero-w/
|
||||
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-projects/
|
||||
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-alternatives/
|
||||
[5]: https://i1.wp.com/m.media-amazon.com/images/I/517BwcAPmTL._SL160_.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[6]: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B072N3X39J?tag=chmod7mediate-20&linkCode=ogi&th=1&psc=1 (CanaKit Raspberry Pi Zero W (Wireless) Complete Starter Kit - 16 GB Edition)
|
||||
[7]: https://www.amazon.com/gp/prime/?tag=chmod7mediate-20 (Amazon Prime)
|
||||
[8]: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B072N3X39J?tag=chmod7mediate-20&linkCode=ogi&th=1&psc=1 (Buy on Amazon)
|
||||
[9]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/raspberry-pi-zero-alterantives.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[10]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/banana-pi-zero-1.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[11]: http://wiki.banana-pi.org/Banana_Pi_BPI-M2_ZERO#Hardware_interfaces
|
||||
[12]: https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32839074880.html?spm=2114.12010612.8148356.2.258c72dbKctWv3
|
||||
[13]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Banana-Pi-M2M-2-1.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[14]: http://wiki.banana-pi.org/Banana_Pi_BPI-M2M
|
||||
[15]: https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32836172813.html?spm=2114.12010612.8148356.2.25ac76c2BKPl43
|
||||
[16]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Banana-Pi-P2-Zero-1.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[17]: http://wiki.banana-pi.org/Banana_Pi_BPI-P2_Zero
|
||||
[18]: https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32953609399.html?spm=2114.12010612.8148356.6.6d4070a9ktu2qs
|
||||
[19]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Orange-Pi-Zero-LTS.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[20]: http://www.orangepi.org/orangepizerolts/
|
||||
[21]: https://i0.wp.com/m.media-amazon.com/images/I/51wOvNrzHkL._SL160_.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[22]: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07ZYJGPF8?tag=chmod7mediate-20&linkCode=ogi&th=1&psc=1 (Orange Pi Zero Single Board Computer Quad Core Open-Source Development Board 512MB with WiFi Antenna)
|
||||
[23]: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07ZYJGPF8?tag=chmod7mediate-20&linkCode=ogi&th=1&psc=1 (Buy on Amazon)
|
||||
[24]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Orange-Pi-i96.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[25]: https://www.openhacks.com/uploadsproductos/2016030304473558.pdf
|
||||
[26]: http://www.orangepi.org/OrangePii96/
|
||||
[27]: https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32819068354.html?spm=2114.12010612.8148356.2.7cb16aa1JdhlzK
|
||||
[28]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/opipc.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[29]: http://www.orangepi.org/orangepipc/
|
||||
[30]: https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32448079125.html
|
||||
[31]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Orange-Pi-Lite.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[32]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Orange-Pi-One.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[33]: http://www.orangepi.org/orangepilite/
|
||||
[34]: https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32662738571.html?spm=2114.12010612.8148356.16.222f4f44KYIA5v
|
||||
[35]: http://www.orangepi.org/orangepione/
|
||||
[36]: https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32603308880.html?spm=a2g0o.detail.1000060.1.4fb86a5eWkGEex&gps-id=pcDetailBottomMoreThisSeller&scm=1007.13339.146401.0&scm_id=1007.13339.146401.0&scm-url=1007.13339.146401.0&pvid=9042001e-bc4a-471b-a3a0-9f0d276d0c3f&_t=gps-id:pcDetailBottomMoreThisSeller,scm-url:1007.13339.146401.0,pvid:9042001e-bc4a-471b-a3a0-9f0d276d0c3f,tpp_buckets:668%230%23131923%2358_668%23808%237756%23236_668%23888%233325%232_668%232846%238111%23464_668%232717%237564%23664_
|
||||
[37]: http://www.orangepi.org
|
||||
[38]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/NanoPi-NEO_04-900x630-1.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[39]: https://www.friendlyarm.com/index.php?route=product/product&path=69&product_id=132&sort=p.price&order=ASC
|
||||
[40]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Core_04-900x630-1.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[41]: https://www.friendlyarm.com/index.php?route=product/product&path=69&product_id=212&sort=p.price&order=ASC
|
||||
[42]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/air_03-900x630-1.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[43]: https://www.friendlyarm.com/index.php?route=product/product&path=69&product_id=151&sort=p.price&order=ASC
|
||||
[44]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/ZeroPi_03-900x630-1.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[45]: https://www.friendlyarm.com/index.php?route=product/product&path=69&product_id=266&sort=p.price&order=ASC
|
||||
[46]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/NEO2_04-900x630-1.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[47]: https://www.friendlyarm.com/index.php?route=product/product&product_id=180
|
||||
[48]: https://i0.wp.com/cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1098/4826/products/84988b14aa58054c0a4cbf8c03466fa9_original_1024x1024.jpg?resize=544%2C306&ssl=1
|
||||
[49]: https://libre.computer/products/boards/aml-s905x-cc/
|
||||
[50]: https://libre.computer/products/boards/aml-s805x-ac/
|
||||
[51]: https://i0.wp.com/onion.io/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/OM-O2P.jpg?resize=424%2C424&ssl=1
|
||||
[52]: https://itsfoss.com/onion-omega-2/
|
||||
[53]: https://openwrt.org/
|
||||
[54]: https://onion.io/
|
||||
[55]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/VoCore2.png?resize=719%2C319&ssl=1
|
||||
[56]: https://vocore.io/v2.html
|
||||
[57]: https://vocore.io/
|
||||
@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (My feature-rich and minimal Linux terminal)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/7/minimal-linux-terminal)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Sumantro Mukherjee https://opensource.com/users/sumantro)
|
||||
|
||||
我功能丰富又最小的 Linux 终端
|
||||
======
|
||||
这些应用和主题帮助我的终端变成自己的。
|
||||
![Digital images of a computer desktop][1]
|
||||
|
||||
每个人都喜欢以特定的方式设置他们的工作区；它可以帮助你提高效率，并使生活变得更轻松，它以一种有机的方式组织事物，并有一个对你有利的环境。这也绝对适用于终端。这可能就是为什么有这么多可用终端的原因。
|
||||
|
||||
在使用新的计算机时，我要做的第一件事是将终端设置为我自己的。
|
||||
|
||||
我最喜欢的终端应用是 [terminator][2]，因为它的设计极简，并且内置了窗口选项。但从这里开始变得更加复杂。我将自己喜欢的终端风格描述为“功能丰富，但保持最小化”。这种平衡是我经常要调整的。
|
||||
|
||||
我使用 zsh 作为默认 shell，而 Ohmyzsh 提供了额外的功能。可以下载它的安装脚本来安装 Ohmyzsh：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ curl -fsSL \
|
||||
<https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh> \
|
||||
\--output install-zsh.sh
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
查看一遍脚本了解它做什么，并确保你有信心在计算机上运行该脚本。完成后，运行脚本：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ sh ./install-zsh.sh`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
我最喜欢的主题/提示是 [Powerlevel 10k][3]，它是我环境的极其详细的视图。它包括一切，从命令高亮到运行时的时间戳。所有细节都集成到一个优雅的、上下文感知的提示中。上下文感知这里有两个好处，这里和下面的，作者可以在这里提供更多的信息，以了解这意味着什么以及为什么在终端中这是一件好事吗？
|
||||
|
||||
要安装 Powerlevel10k，请先在 `.oh-my-zsh/` 自定义主题目录中下载源码。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
git clone --depth=1 <https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git>
|
||||
${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/themes/powerlevel10k
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
但是，为了让 Powerlevel10k 看起来像仓库中所示，我们需要添加一些默认不包括的字体。它们是：
|
||||
|
||||
* [MesloLGS NF Regular.ttf][4]
|
||||
* [MesloLGS NF Bold.ttf][5]
|
||||
* [MesloLGS NF Italic.ttf][6]
|
||||
* [MesloLGS NF Bold Italic.ttf][7]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
这将产生一个美观且上下文感知的终端（如 [screenfetch][8] 所示）
|
||||
|
||||
![terminator terminal shot via screenFetch ][9]
|
||||
|
||||
我已经习惯了这个特殊的设置，但是，尽管重要的是让你的工作环境成为你自己的，但这也并不是一个固执地尝试新事物的理由。为了满足新一代用户的需求，出现了新的终端。这意味着，即使一开始不熟悉，与以前的备用终端相比，新开发的终端可能更适合于当今的环境和职责。
|
||||
|
||||
我最近一直在考虑其他选择。我开始观察 [Starship][10] 的开发情况，它将自己描述为对任何 shell 来说都是最小的、快速的、可无限自定义的提示。它仍然有许多沉浸式的视觉细节，而不会像 Powerlevel10k 那样使人分心。
|
||||
|
||||
你最喜欢的终端是什么？为什么？请在评论栏分享！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/7/minimal-linux-terminal
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Sumantro Mukherjee][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/sumantro
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/computer_desk_home_laptop_browser.png?itok=Y3UVpY0l (Digital images of a computer desktop)
|
||||
[2]: https://terminator-gtk3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
|
||||
[3]: https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k
|
||||
[4]: https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k-media/raw/master/MesloLGS%20NF%20Regular.ttf
|
||||
[5]: https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k-media/raw/master/MesloLGS%20NF%20Bold.ttf
|
||||
[6]: https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k-media/raw/master/MesloLGS%20NF%20Italic.ttf
|
||||
[7]: https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k-media/raw/master/MesloLGS%20NF%20Bold%20Italic.ttf
|
||||
[8]: https://github.com/KittyKatt/screenFetch
|
||||
[9]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/osdc00_edit.png (terminator terminal shot via screenFetch )
|
||||
[10]: https://starship.rs/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (windgeek)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (What's the difference between DevSecOps and agile software development)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/7/devsecops-vs-agile)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Sam Bocetta https://opensource.com/users/sambocetta)
|
||||
|
||||
DevSecOps和敏捷软件开发有什么不同
|
||||
======
|
||||
你更专注于安全性还是软件发行，或者说你两者都很关注？
|
||||
|
||||
![Brick wall between two people, a developer and an operations manager][1]
|
||||
|
||||
技术社区中存在一种趋势，经常互换地使用DevSecOps和敏捷软件开发这两个术语。尽管它们有一些相似性，例如都旨在更容易地检测风险，但在改变团队的工作方式层面有很大不同。
|
||||
|
||||
DevSecOps建立在敏捷开发建立的一些原则上。但是，DevSecOps特别专注于[集成安全功能][3]，而敏捷开发则专注于交付软件。
|
||||
|
||||
知道如何保护你们的网站或应用程序免受勒索程序和其他威胁的侵害，实际上取决于你使用的软件和系统开发。这可能会影响您选择使用DevSecOps，敏捷开发还是两者兼而有之。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### DevSecOps和敏捷软件开发的不同之处
|
||||
|
||||
两者的主要区别可以归结为一个简单的概念：安全性。这取决于你的软件开发实践，你们公司的安全措施-以及何时，何地以及由谁实施，都可能会有很大不同。
|
||||
|
||||
每个企业都[需要IT安全] [4]来保护其重要数据。如果企业真正重视IT安全，一般都会采取虚拟专用网（VPN）、数字证书、防火墙保护、多因子身份验证、安全的云存储，包括向员工介绍基本的网络安全措施。
|
||||
|
||||
当你完全相信DevSecOps时，意味着可你正在保护公司的安全，并从本质上使其等同于持续集成和交付。 DevSecOps方法论在开发之初就强调安全性，并使其成为整体软件质量不可或缺的组成部分。
|
||||
|
||||
基于DevSecOps安全性的三大原则：
|
||||
* 平衡用户访问难易程度及数据安全性
|
||||
* 使用[VPN]和SSL的[加密数据] [5]可防止数据在传输过程中受到入侵者的攻击
|
||||
* 使用可以扫描新代码的安全漏洞并能通知开发人员该漏洞的工具来预测防范未来的风险
|
||||
|
||||
尽管DevOps一直打算包含安全性，但并非每个实践DevOps的组织都牢记这一点。DevSecOps在DevOps的演进形式中，可以提供更加清晰的信息。尽管它们的名称相似，但这两个[不应混淆] [6]。在DevSecOps模型中，安全性是团队的主要驱动力。
|
||||
|
||||
同时，敏捷开发更专注于迭代开发周期，这意味着反馈不断集成到持续的软件开发中。 [敏捷的关键原则] [7]是拥抱不断变化的环境，为客户和使用者提供竞争优势，让开发人员和利益相关者紧密合作，并在整个过程中始终保持技术卓越作为重点，用以提升效率。换句话说，除非敏捷团队在其定义中包括安全性，否则安全性在敏捷敏捷中算是事后思考。
|
||||
|
||||
### 国防机构面临的挑战
|
||||
|
||||
如果要说专门致力于最大程度地提高安全性的组织，美国国防部就是其中之一。在2018年，美国国防部发布了软件开发中的[伪造敏捷指南] [8]或“仅以名称命名的敏捷”指南。该指南旨在警告国防部高管有关编程不正确的问题，并说明如何发现它以避免风险。
|
||||
|
||||
使用这些方法不仅可以使国防部受益。医疗保健和金融部门还[持有大量] [9]必须保证安全的敏感数据。
|
||||
|
||||
国防部通过其现代化战略（包括采用DevSecOps）来改变防范形式至关重要。尤其在这个国防部容易受到黑客攻击和数据泄露的时代，这一点在2020年2月的[大规模数据泄露] [10]中已经得到了证明。
|
||||
|
||||
将网络安全最佳实践转化为现实发展仍然还存在固有的风险。事情不可能100％完美地进行。最好的状况是稍微有点不舒服，最坏的情况下，它们可能会带来全新的风险。
|
||||
|
||||
开发人员，尤其是那些为军事软件编写代码的开发人员，可能没有对DevSecOps的[所有上下文的理解] [11]都能有透彻的理解。学习曲线会很陡峭，但是为了获得更大的安全性，必须承受这些必不可少的痛苦。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 自动化时代的新模式
|
||||
|
||||
为了解决对先前安全措施日益增长的担忧，国防部承包商已开始评估DevSecOps模型。关键是将方法论部署到持续的服务交付环境中。
|
||||
|
||||
应对这个问题，出现了三个方向。第一种涉及到自动化，自动化已在大多数隐私和安全工具中[广泛使用][12]，包括VPN和增强隐私的移动操作系统。大型云基础架构中的自动化无需依赖于人为的检查和平衡，可以自动处持续维护和进行安全评估。
|
||||
|
||||
第二种专注于对于过渡到DevSecOps很重要的安全检查点。而传统上，系统设计初期对于数据在各个组件之间移动时依旧可以访问是不做期望的。
|
||||
|
||||
第三种也是最后一种涉及将公司方法用于军事软件开发。国防部的许多承包商和雇员来自商业领域，而不是军事领域。他们的背景为他们提供了为大型企业[提供网络安全] [13]的知识和经验，他们可以将其带入政府部门职位中。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 值得克服的挑战
|
||||
|
||||
切换到基于DevSecOps的方法论也提出了一些挑战。在过去的十年中，许多组织已经完全重新设计了其开发的生命周期，以适应敏捷的开发实践，在不久之后进行再次切换看起来令人生畏。
|
||||
|
||||
企业应该安下心来，因为即使国防部也遇到了这种过渡带来的麻烦，他们在应对推出新流程使得商业技术和工具广泛可用的挑战上并不孤独。
|
||||
|
||||
展望一下未来，其实切换到DevSecOps不会比切换到敏捷开发更痛苦。而且通过将[创建安全性的价值] [4]添加到开发工作流程中，以及利用现有敏捷开发的优势，企业可以获得很多收益。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/7/devsecops-vs-agile
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Sam Bocetta][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[windgeek](https://github.com/windgeek)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/sambocetta
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/devops_confusion_wall_questions.png?itok=zLS7K2JG (Brick wall between two people, a developer and an operations manager)
|
||||
[2]: https://tech.gsa.gov/guides/understanding_differences_agile_devsecops/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/devops/what-is-devsecops
|
||||
[4]: https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/security
|
||||
[5]: https://surfshark.com/blog/does-vpn-protect-you-from-hackers
|
||||
[6]: https://www.infoq.com/articles/evolve-devops-devsecops/
|
||||
[7]: https://enterprisersproject.com/article/2019/9/agile-project-management-explained
|
||||
[8]: https://www.governmentciomedia.com/defense-innovation-board-issues-guide-detecting-agile-bs
|
||||
[9]: https://www.redhat.com/en/solutions/financial-services
|
||||
[10]: https://www.military.com/daily-news/2020/02/25/dod-agency-suffers-data-breach-potentially-compromising-ssns.html
|
||||
[11]: https://fcw.com/articles/2020/01/23/dod-devsecops-guidance-williams.aspx
|
||||
[12]: https://privacyaustralia.net/privacy-tools/
|
||||
[13]: https://www.securitymagazine.com/articles/88301-cybersecurity-is-standard-business-practice-for-large-companies
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (How to configure an SSH proxy server with Squid)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/configure-ssh-proxy-server/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Curt Warfield https://fedoramagazine.org/author/rcurtiswarfield/)
|
||||
|
||||
如何使用 Squid 配置 SSH 代理服务器
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
![][1]
|
||||
|
||||
有时你无法从本地连接到 SSH 服务器。还有时，你可能想为 SSH 连接添加额外的安全层。在这些情况下，通过代理服务器连接到另一台 SSH 服务器是一种解决方式。
|
||||
|
||||
[Squid][2] 是提供缓存和代理服务的全功能代理服务器应用。通常通过在浏览过程中重用和缓存以前请求的网页来帮助缩短响应时间并减少网络带宽。
|
||||
|
||||
但是在本篇中，你将配置 Squid 作为 SSH 代理服务器，因为它是易于配置的强大的受信任代理服务器。
|
||||
|
||||
### 安装和配置
|
||||
|
||||
使用 [sudo][3] 安装 squid 软件包：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo dnf install squid -y
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
squid 配置文件非常广泛，但是我们只需要配置其中一些。Squid 使用访问控制列表来管理连接。
|
||||
|
||||
编辑 _/etc/squid/squid.conf_ 文件，确保你有下面解释的两行。
|
||||
|
||||
首先，指定你的本地 IP 网络。默认配置文件已经列出了最常用的，但是如果没有，你需要添加你的配置。例如，如果你的本地 IP 网络范围是 192.168.1.X，那么这行会是这样：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
acl localnet src 192.168.1.0/24
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
接下来，添加以下行，将 SSH 端口添加为安全端口：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
acl Safe_ports port 22
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
保存该文件。现在启用并重启 squid 代理服务：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo systemctl enable squid
|
||||
$ sudo systemctl restart squid
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
squid 代理默认监听 3128 端口。配置 firewalld 允许此服务：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=squid --perm
|
||||
$ sudo firewall-cmd --reload
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 测试 ssh 代理连接
|
||||
|
||||
要通过 ssh 代理服务器连接到服务器，我们将使用 netcat。
|
||||
|
||||
如果尚未安装 _nmap-ncat_，请安装它：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo dnf install nmap-ncat -y
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
这是标准 ssh 连接示例：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ ssh user@example.com
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
这是使用 squid 代理服务器作为网关连接到该服务器的方式。
|
||||
|
||||
此示例假定 squid 代理服务器的 IP 地址为 192.168.1.63。你还可以使用 squid 代理服务器的主机名或 FQDN：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ ssh user@example.com -o "ProxyCommand nc --proxy 192.168.1.63:3128 %h %p"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
以下是这些选项的含义：
|
||||
|
||||
* _ProxyCommand_ – 告诉 ssh 使用代理命令。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* _nc_ – 用于建立与代理服务器连接的命令。这是 netcat 命令。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* **%**_h_ – 代理服务器的主机名或 IP 地址的占位符。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* **%**_p_ – 代理服务器端口号的占位符。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
有很多方法可以配置 SSH 代理服务器，但这是入门的简单方法。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://fedoramagazine.org/configure-ssh-proxy-server/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Curt Warfield][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/rcurtiswarfield/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/squid_ssh_proxy-816x345.png
|
||||
[2]: http://www.squid-cache.org/
|
||||
[3]: https://fedoramagazine.org/howto-use-sudo/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (Mikedkmilk)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Why People Are Crazy About Arch Linux? What’s so Special About it?)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/why-arch-linux/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/)
|
||||
|
||||
为什么人们对Arch Linux如此着迷?它有什么特别之处?
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
顺便说一句(利益相关)，我用Arch Linux!
|
||||
|
||||
您或许已经在Linux论坛、朋友相互讨论或表情包里看到过这个术语。
|
||||
|
||||
你可能想知道为什么Arch Linux如此受欢迎?如果没有更好更易用的基于arch[1] 的发行版，那么为什么人们会如此喜欢它呢?
|
||||
|
||||
在本文中，我将列出Linux用户喜欢使用Arch Linux[2]的一些原因。
|
||||
|
||||
### 人们喜欢使用Arch Linux的6个原因
|
||||
|
||||
![][3]
|
||||
|
||||
以下6点只是我的看法，当然为什么你应该使用Arch Linux并没有固定的原因。以下6个方面只是我在十多年里与Linux用户和社区打交道的经验中观察到的。
|
||||
|
||||
让我们一起看看为什么Arch Linux如此受欢迎。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1\. DIY方法可以让你掌控属于你的操作系统的每个方面
|
||||
|
||||
我一直认为Arch Linux是一个可以让你自己动手DIY的操作系统。从安装到管理Arch Linux放手让你处理一切。
|
||||
|
||||
你可以自己决定使用哪种桌面环境、安装哪些组件和服务。这种细小控制能够赋予你一个最小的操作系统，可以让你自由选择所需的组件来构建属于你自己的系统。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你是一个DIY爱好者，你会喜欢Arch Linux的。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2\. 使用Arch Linux可以更好地理解Linux的工作原理
|
||||
|
||||
![Installing Arch Linux by creating partition and making filesystem via command line][4]
|
||||
|
||||
如果你曾经尝试过安装Arch Linux，你就会在安装过程中知道Linux的复杂性。
|
||||
|
||||
但这种复杂性同时也意味着你将被迫学习一些在其他发行版中可能永远不会费心学习的东西。
|
||||
|
||||
比如说在安装Arch Linux过程中配置网络本身就是一个很好的学习经验。
|
||||
|
||||
如果使用中你开始感到有困惑不懂的时候，Arch Linux 的 百科频道[5]可以帮助你。这个频道可以说是互联网上最广泛和最出色的社区管理文档。仅仅只是浏览Arch Linux的百科频道就可以学到很多东西。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3\. 滚动发行可以为你持续提供最新的内核和软件
|
||||
|
||||
![System update in Arch Linux][6]
|
||||
|
||||
Arch Linux是一个滚动发行版，这意味着新的内核和应用程序版本一经发布就会向你推送。
|
||||
|
||||
当大多数其他[Linux发行版还在提供旧的Linux内核版本][7]时，Arch可以快速提供最新的内核。
|
||||
|
||||
而软件也是如此。如果Arch资源库中的软件发布了新版本，Arch用户通常会比其他用户先获得新版本。
|
||||
|
||||
在滚动发行模式下一切都是新鲜和前沿的。你不必把操作系统从一个版本升级到另一个版本，只要使用[pacman命令][8]你会始终保持最新的版本。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4\. Arch用户资源库 也就是熟知的 AUR
|
||||
|
||||
![][9]
|
||||
|
||||
Arch Linux在它的资源库中有大量的软件。AUR扩展了Arch Linux的软件供应。你得到在[Arch Linux的AUR][10]中找到相当多的软件。
|
||||
|
||||
AUR是社区驱动的方法，用于提供更新的应用程序。您可以在[AUR辅助工具][11]的帮助下搜索和安装应用程序。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5\. 成就感
|
||||
|
||||
![][12]
|
||||
|
||||
正如James Clear在他的书《原子习惯》中提到的那样, _**人类的大脑喜欢挑战，但只有当它是在一个最理想的困难区域**_.
|
||||
|
||||
即便你成功安装完成的是Linux Mint，还记得你第一次安装成功Linux时的感觉吗?这给了你一种成就感。您成功安装了Linux!
|
||||
|
||||
如果你已经使用Ubuntu、Fedora或其他发行版一段时间了，现在开始感到舒适(或厌倦)，你可以尝试安装一下Arch Linux。
|
||||
|
||||
对于一个有一定经验的Linux用户来说，[成功安装Arch Linux][13]本身就会给你一种成就感。
|
||||
|
||||
这是一个挑战，但也是可以实现的。如果你建议一个新的Linux用户尝试Arch Linux或者更复杂的Linux发行版比如 [Linux From Scratch][14]，这个挑战将会很难实现。
|
||||
|
||||
这种成功完成挑战的感觉也是人们使用Arch Linux的原因之一。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6\. 没有企业的参与!Arch是由社区创建、支持和拥有的
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu由Canonical支持，Fedora来自Red Hat(现在是IBM的一部分)，openSUSE来自SUSE。所有这些主流发行版都得到了企业的支持。
|
||||
|
||||
这本身并不是坏事或罪行,但是有一些人不喜欢企业参与开源项目。
|
||||
|
||||
正如Debian一样，Arch Linux是为数不多的仅由社区参与的Linux发行项目之一。
|
||||
|
||||
你可能会指出许多其他发行版如Linux Mint等不是由企业赞助的。好吧，这可能是真的，但Linux Mint本身就是基于Ubuntu并且使用Ubuntu的资源库。Arch Linux不是其他发行版的衍生物。
|
||||
|
||||
从这个意义上说，[Debian][15]和Arch Linux是更纯粹的社区驱动项目。这对很多人来说可能无关紧要，但确实有一些人在意这些事情。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 对你来说，为什么Arch Linux如此受欢迎?
|
||||
|
||||
现在你可能不同意我提出的所有观点，那没关系。我想知道你是怎么看待Arch Linux在Linux用户中如此受欢迎，并具有崇拜的地位?
|
||||
|
||||
当你写评论时，让我分享一下“我用Arch”的表情包:)
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/why-arch-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[Mikedkmilk](https://github.com/Mikedkmilk)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/arch-based-linux-distros/
|
||||
[2]: https://www.archlinux.org/
|
||||
[3]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/why-arch-linux.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[4]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/efi_system_partition-1.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[5]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/
|
||||
[6]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/sudo-pacman-Syu.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[7]: https://itsfoss.com/why-distros-use-old-kernel/
|
||||
[8]: https://itsfoss.com/pacman-command/
|
||||
[9]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/AUR.png?resize=800%2C451&ssl=1
|
||||
[10]: https://itsfoss.com/aur-arch-linux/
|
||||
[11]: https://itsfoss.com/best-aur-helpers/
|
||||
[12]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/installed-arch-linux.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[13]: https://itsfoss.com/install-arch-linux/
|
||||
[14]: http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/
|
||||
[15]: https://www.debian.org/
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user