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我不入监狱 谁入监狱
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Setup a jailed shell with jailkit on ubuntu
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================================================================================
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### Jailed Shell and Jailkit ###
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A jailed shell is a kind of limited shell that provides the user with a very real looking shell but does not allow him to mess with/view/modify any parts of the real file systems. The file system inside the shell is different from the actual file system of the underlying system. Such a functionality is achived through chroot and finds many kinds of applications. For example to setup a linux shell for users to just "play with". Or run some program with full functionality but in a limited environment and so on.
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In this tutorial we are going to talk about setting up a jailed shell quickly with jailkit on ubuntu. Jailkit is helper program that allows to quickly setup a jailed shell, jail users inside it, and configure programs to run from the jailed environment.
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Jailkit can be downloaded from [http://olivier.sessink.nl/jailkit/][1]
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We have already discussed about installing jailkit on ubuntu so check out that post.
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### Setup jailed shell ###
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#### 1. Setup the jail environment ####
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There needs to be a directory where the whole jail environment will be setup. Lets do it in /opt/jail. This can be whatever.
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$ sudo mkdir /opt/jail
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Root should own this directory. So chown it out.
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$ sudo chown root:root /opt/jail
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#### 2. Setup the programs to make available inside the jail ####
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All the programs that need to be available in the jail need to be copied inside it using the jk_init command.
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Example
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$ sudo jk_init -v /jail basicshell
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$ sudo jk_init -v /jail editors
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$ sudo jk_init -v /jail extendedshell
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$ sudo jk_init -v /jail netutils
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$ sudo jk_init -v /jail ssh
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$ sudo jk_init -v /jail sftp
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$ sudo jk_init -v /jail jk_lsh
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Or at one go
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$ sudo jk_init -v /opt/jail netutils basicshell jk_lsh openvpn ssh sftp
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The names like basicshell , editors , netutils are groups that contain multiple programs. Each group is a set of executable files, libraries etc to be copied into the shell. For example, the section **basicshell** provides many programs like bash, ls, cat, chmod, mkdir, cp, cpio, date, dd, echo, egrep etc in the jail.
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For a complete list of sections that can be setup, have a look at /etc/jailkit/jk_init.ini.
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jk_lsh (Jailkit limited shell) - is an important section, and must be added.
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#### 3. Create the user who will be jailed ####
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Need a user to put inside the jail. Lets create one
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$ sudo adduser robber
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Adding user `robber' ...
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Adding new group `robber' (1005) ...
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Adding new user `robber' (1006) with group `robber' ...
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Creating home directory `/home/robber' ...
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Copying files from `/etc/skel' ...
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Enter new UNIX password:
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Retype new UNIX password:
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passwd: password updated successfully
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Changing the user information for robber
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Enter the new value, or press ENTER for the default
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Full Name []:
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Room Number []:
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Work Phone []:
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Home Phone []:
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Other []:
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Is the information correct? [Y/n] y
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Note that this is a normal user who is created in the actual filesystem and not inside the jail.
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In the next step this user shall be imprisoned inside the jail.
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At this point if you take a look at /etc/passwd you get to see an entry at the end that looks like this
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robber:x:1006:1005:,,,:/home/robber:/bin/bash
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This is our new user and the last part /bin/bash indicates that the user has a normal shell access on the system, if he logs in.
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#### 4. Jail the user ####
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Now its time to put the user inside the jail.
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$ sudo jk_jailuser -m -j /opt/jail/ robber
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By doing this the user robber has now been jailed.
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Now if you take a look at /etc/passwd the last entry would look like this
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robber:x:1006:1005:,,,:/opt/jail/./home/robber:/usr/sbin/jk_chrootsh
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Note that the last 2 parts that indicate the home user and the shell type have changed. The home directory of the user is now inside the jail environment at /opt/jail. The shell of the user is now a special program called jk_chrootsh that will provide the jailed shell.
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It is this particular shell called jk_chrootsh that takes the user inside the jail, everytime he logs onto the system.
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The jail setup by now is nearly done. But if you try to connect to id from ssh, it will fail like this :
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$ ssh robber@localhost
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robber@localhost's password:
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Welcome to Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 3.2.0-25-generic x86_64)
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* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/
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13 packages can be updated.
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0 updates are security updates.
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*** /dev/sda7 will be checked for errors at next reboot ***
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*** /dev/sda8 will be checked for errors at next reboot ***
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Last login: Sat Jun 23 12:45:13 2012 from localhost
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Connection to localhost closed.
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$
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The connection shall close. This happens because the user actually has a limited shell.
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#### 5. Give bash shell to user inside the jail ####
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The next important thing to do is to give the user a proper bash shell, but inside the jail.
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Open the following file
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/opt/jail/etc/passwd
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Its the password file inside the jail. It would look somewhat like this
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root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
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robber:x:1006:1005:,,,:/home/robber:/usr/sbin/jk_lsh
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Change the /usr/sbin/jk_lsh to /bin/bash
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root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
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robber:x:1006:1005:,,,:/home/robber:/bin/bash
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Save the file and exit.
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#### 6. Login to the jail ####
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So now its time to login into the jail again
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$ ssh robber@localhost
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robber@localhost's password:
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Welcome to Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 3.2.0-25-generic x86_64)
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* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/
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13 packages can be updated.
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0 updates are security updates.
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*** /dev/sda7 will be checked for errors at next reboot ***
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*** /dev/sda8 will be checked for errors at next reboot ***
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Last login: Sat Jun 23 12:46:01 2012 from localhost
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bash: groups: command not found
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I have no name!@desktop:~$
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The jail says 'I have no name!' , ha ha. Now we have a fully functional bash shell but inside the jail.
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Now check the environment by moving around. The root / of the jailed environment is /opt/jail of the real file system. But its only we who knows that, not the jailed user.
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I have no name!@desktop:~$ cd /
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I have no name!@desktop:/$ ls
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bin dev etc home lib lib64 run usr var
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I have no name!@desktop:/$
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Also only the commands that were copied via jk_cp sections will be available in this jail.
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If the login fails, then check /var/log/auth.log for error messages.
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Now try running some network command like wget or anything similar.
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$ wget http://www.google.com/
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If you get an error like this :
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$ wget http://www.google.com/
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--2012-06-23 12:56:43-- http://www.google.com/
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Resolving www.google.com (www.google.com)... failed: Name or service not known.
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wget: unable to resolve host address `www.google.com'
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Fix it by running the following 2 commands :
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$ sudo jk_cp -v -j /opt/jail /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_files.so.2
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$ sudo jk_cp -v -j /opt/jail /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_dns.so.2
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The exact location of the libnss_files.so and libnss_dns.so can vary so check.
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### Running programs or services in the jail ###
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Now the setup is complete. Jails are useful to run programs or services in a restricted/secure environments. To launch a program or daemon inside the jail use the **jk_chrootlaunch** command.
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$ sudo jk_chrootlaunch -j /opt/jail -u robber -x /some/command/in/jail
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The jk_chrootlaunch utility can be used to launch a particular process inside the jail environment with privileges of the specified user. If the daemon fails to start, check /var/log/syslog for error messages.
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To run the program inside the jail, the program must first be fully copied inside the jail using the jk_cp command.
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jk_cp - a utility to copy files including permissions and libraries into a jail
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For further reading about various jailkit commands, check the documentation at [http://olivier.sessink.nl/jailkit/][1]
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.binarytides.com/setup-jailed-shell-jailkit-ubuntu/
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://olivier.sessink.nl/jailkit/
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[2]:
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[3]:
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[4]:
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[5]:
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[6]:
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[7]:
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[8]:
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[9]:
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[10]:
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[11]:
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[12]:
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266
translated/Setup a jailed shell with jailkit on ubuntu.md
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266
translated/Setup a jailed shell with jailkit on ubuntu.md
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在Ubuntu下用jailkit建立一个被监禁的Shell
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================================================================================
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### Jailkit和jailed Shell ###
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监狱性的shell是一类限制性的shell，提供给用户非常真实的Shell模样，但是不允许它查看和修改真正的文件系统。Shell内的文件系统不同于底层的文件系统。这种功能是通过chroot和其他多种程序实现的。举例来说，建立一个用户的linux shell可能仅仅为了玩耍。或者在一个限定的环境里运行一些程序的所有功能等。
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在这个教程里我们将会探讨在Ubuntu下用jailkit建立一个监禁的shell。Jailkit是辅助程序，允许快速的建立一个监禁的shell，监禁的用户，在受监禁的环境里配置程序并运行。
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Jailkit can be downloaded from [http://olivier.sessink.nl/jailkit/][1]
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我们已经谈论过关于在Ubuntu下安装jailkit，如果有不懂，多看看那篇文章。
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### 配置jailed Shell ###
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#### 配置jail环境 ####
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我们需要建立一个目录来存放所有jail环境的配置。这不是重点，我们可以创建个/opt/jail的目录。
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$ sudo mkdir /opt/jail
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这个目录应为Root所有。所以用chown。
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$ sudo chown root:root /opt/jail
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#### 2. 设置在jail中可用的程序 ####
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任何程序想要在jail中执行则必须用jk_init命令拷贝到目录中。
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例如：
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$ sudo jk_init -v /jail basicshell
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$ sudo jk_init -v /jail editors
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$ sudo jk_init -v /jail extendedshell
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$ sudo jk_init -v /jail netutils
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$ sudo jk_init -v /jail ssh
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$ sudo jk_init -v /jail sftp
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$ sudo jk_init -v /jail jk_lsh
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或一次性解决：
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$ sudo jk_init -v /opt/jail netutils basicshell jk_lsh openvpn ssh sftp
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像basicshell, editors, netutils是一些组名，其中包含多个程序。复制到jail shell中的每个组都是可执行文件,库文件等的集合。比如**basicshell**就在jail提供有bash, ls, cat, chmod, mkdir, cp, cpio, date, dd, echo, egrep等程序。
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完整的程序列表设置，你可以在/etc/jailkit/jk_init.ini中查看。
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jk_lsh (Jailkit limited shell) - is an important section, and must be added.
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#### 3. 创建将被监禁的用户 ####
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需要将用户放入jail里。可以先创建一个
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$ sudo adduser robber
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Adding user `robber' ...
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Adding new group `robber' (1005) ...
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Adding new user `robber' (1006) with group `robber' ...
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Creating home directory `/home/robber' ...
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Copying files from `/etc/skel' ...
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Enter new UNIX password:
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Retype new UNIX password:
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passwd: password updated successfully
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Changing the user information for robber
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Enter the new value, or press ENTER for the default
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Full Name []:
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Room Number []:
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Work Phone []:
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Home Phone []:
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Other []:
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Is the information correct? [Y/n] y
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注意:目前创建的是一个活动在文件系统中的普通用户并没有添加到jail中。
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在下一步这个用户会被监禁在jail里。
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这时候如果你查看/etc/passwd文件，你会在文件最后看到跟下面差不多的一个条目。
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robber:x:1006:1005:,,,:/home/robber:/bin/bash
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这是我们新创建的用户，最后部分的/bin/bash指示了这个用户如果登入了那么它可以在系统上正常的Shell访问
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#### 4. 监禁用户 ####
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现在是时候将用户监禁在jail中
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$ sudo jk_jailuser -m -j /opt/jail/ robber
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执行上列命令后，用户robber将会被监禁。
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如果你现在再观察/etc/passwd文件，会发现类似下面的最后条目。
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robber:x:1006:1005:,,,:/opt/jail/./home/robber:/usr/sbin/jk_chrootsh
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注意:最后两部分表明用户主目录和shell类型已经被改变了。现在用户的主目录在/opt/jail(jail环境)中。用户的Shell是一个名叫jk_chrootsh的特殊程序，会提供jailed Shell。
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jk_chrootsh这是个特殊的shell，每当用户登入系统时，它都会将用户放入jail中。
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到目前为止jail配置已经几乎完成了。但是如果你试图用ssh连接，那么注定会失败,像这样：
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$ ssh robber@localhost
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robber@localhost's password:
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Welcome to Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 3.2.0-25-generic x86_64)
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* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/
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13 packages can be updated.
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|
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0 updates are security updates.
|
||||
|
||||
*** /dev/sda7 will be checked for errors at next reboot ***
|
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|
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*** /dev/sda8 will be checked for errors at next reboot ***
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Last login: Sat Jun 23 12:45:13 2012 from localhost
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Connection to localhost closed.
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$
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连接会立马关闭，这意味着用户已经活动在一个受限制的shell中。
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#### 5. 给在jail中的用户Bash Shell ####
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下个重要的事情是给用户一个正确的bash shell，但是他却在jail中。
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打开下面的文件
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/opt/jail/etc/passwd
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这是个jail中的password文件。类似如下
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root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
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robber:x:1006:1005:,,,:/home/robber:/usr/sbin/jk_lsh
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将/usr/sbin/jk_lsh改为/bin/bash
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root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
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robber:x:1006:1005:,,,:/home/robber:/bin/bash
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保存文件并退出。
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#### 6. 登入jail ####
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现在让我们再次登入jail
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$ ssh robber@localhost
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robber@localhost's password:
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||||
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||||
Welcome to Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 3.2.0-25-generic x86_64)
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||||
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||||
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/
|
||||
|
||||
13 packages can be updated.
|
||||
|
||||
0 updates are security updates.
|
||||
|
||||
*** /dev/sda7 will be checked for errors at next reboot ***
|
||||
|
||||
*** /dev/sda8 will be checked for errors at next reboot ***
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||||
|
||||
Last login: Sat Jun 23 12:46:01 2012 from localhost
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bash: groups: command not found
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I have no name!@desktop:~$
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jail说'I have no name!'，哈哈。现在我们在jail中有个完整功能的bash shell。
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||||
现在通过操作检查环境。jail中的root /实际就是真实文件系统中的/opt/jail.但这只有我们自己知道，jail用户并不知情。
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I have no name!@desktop:~$ cd /
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||||
I have no name!@desktop:/$ ls
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||||
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||||
bin dev etc home lib lib64 run usr var
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||||
I have no name!@desktop:/$
|
||||
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||||
也只有我们通过jk_cp拷贝到jail中的命令能使用。
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||||
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||||
如果登入失败，请检查一下/var/log/auth.log的错误信息。
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||||
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||||
现在尝试运行一些网络命令，类似wget的命令。
|
||||
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||||
$ wget http://www.google.com/
|
||||
|
||||
如果你获得类似的错误提示：
|
||||
|
||||
$ wget http://www.google.com/
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||||
|
||||
--2012-06-23 12:56:43-- http://www.google.com/
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||||
|
||||
Resolving www.google.com (www.google.com)... failed: Name or service not known.
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||||
|
||||
wget: unable to resolve host address `www.google.com'
|
||||
|
||||
你可以通过运行下列两条命令来解决这个问题:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo jk_cp -v -j /opt/jail /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_files.so.2
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo jk_cp -v -j /opt/jail /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_dns.so.2
|
||||
|
||||
这样才能正确的定位到libnss_files.so和libnss_dns.so
|
||||
|
||||
### 在jail中运行程序或服务 ###
|
||||
|
||||
此时此刻配置已经完成了。Jails可以在限制/安全的环境里运行程序或服务。用**jk_chrootlaunch**命令在jail中启动一个程序或守护进程。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo jk_chrootlaunch -j /opt/jail -u robber -x /some/command/in/jail
|
||||
|
||||
jk_chrootlaunch工具可以在jail环境中启动一个特殊的进程同时指定用户特权。如果守护进程启动失败，请检查/var/log/syslog/错误信息。
|
||||
|
||||
在jail中运行程序之前，该程序必须已经用jk_cp命令复制到jail中。
|
||||
|
||||
jk_cp - 将文件包括权限信息和库文件复制到jail的工具
|
||||
|
||||
进一步阅读有关其他jailkit命令信息，可以阅读文档，[http://olivier.sessink.nl/jailkit/][1]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.binarytides.com/setup-jailed-shell-jailkit-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Luoxcat](https://github.com/Luoxcat) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://olivier.sessink.nl/jailkit/
|
||||
[2]:
|
||||
[3]:
|
||||
[4]:
|
||||
[5]:
|
||||
[6]:
|
||||
[7]:
|
||||
[8]:
|
||||
[9]:
|
||||
[10]:
|
||||
[11]:
|
||||
[12]:
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user