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提交译文: 20210207 Why the success of open source depends on empathy
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (scvoet)
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[#]: subject: (Why the success of open source depends on empathy)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/2/open-source-empathy)
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[#]: author: (Bronagh Sorota https://opensource.com/users/bsorota)
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Why the success of open source depends on empathy
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======
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With heightened awareness about empathy and the inspiration to spread
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it, open source productivity will grow, collaborators will lean in, and
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the power of open source software development can be fully harnessed.
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![Practicing empathy][1]
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Open source development's collaborative innovation and community ethos have changed the world. In [_The Open Organization_][2], Jim Whitehurst explains that success in open source is found by "thinking of people as members of a community, moving from a transactional mindset to one built on commitment." However, there is still a barrier at the core of the open source development model: Frequently, it lacks human empathy.
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Empathy is the ability to understand and share another person's feelings. In open source communities, face-to-face human interaction and collaboration are rare. Any developer experienced with a GitHub pull request (PR) or issue has received comments from people they may never meet, often halfway across the globe—and the communication can be just as distant. Modern open source development is built upon this type of asynchronous, transactional communication. So, it is no surprise that the same types of cyberbullying and other abuses people experience on social media platforms are also seen in open source communities.
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Of course, not all open source communication is counterproductive. Many people develop respect and commit to good behavioral standards in their craft. But all too often, people lack common-sense etiquette in communications and treat people like machines rather than human beings. This behavior is a barrier to realizing the open source innovation model's full potential because it turns off many would-be contributors and kills inspiration.
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### A history of hostile communications
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Hostile rhetoric in code reviews is not new to open source communities; it has been tolerated for years. The godfather of open source, Linus Torvalds, routinely [barraged][3] the Linux community when code did not meet his standards, driving contributors away. Elon University computer science professor Megan Squire used [machine learning][4] to analyze Torvalds' insults and found they numbered in the thousands during a four-year period. In 2018, Linus put himself on a timeout for bad behavior, tasked himself with learning empathy, apologized, and established a code of conduct for the Linux community.
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In 2015, [Sage Sharp][5] stepped down as the Linux kernel coordinator for the FOSS Outreach Program for Women due to a lack of personal respect, despite being technically respected.
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The impact of disparaging comments in PR reviews has a profound effect on developers. It creates trepidation in making PRs and dread at anticipated feedback, and it eats at developers' confidence in their abilities. It slows velocity by forcing engineers to strive for perfection every time, which runs counter to the agile methodology many communities have adopted.
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### How to close the empathy gap in open source
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Often, offensive comments are unintentional, and with some coaching, the author can learn how to express opinions without negative emotion. GitHub does not monitor comments on issues and PRs for abusive content; instead, it provides tools to enable communities to moderate their content. Repo owners can delete comments and lock conversations, and all contributors can report abuse and block users.
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Defining a community code of conduct establishes a safe and inclusive environment for contributors at all levels to participate and defines the process to de-escalate conflict between collaborators.
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We can overcome the empathy challenge in open source. Face-to-face debate is much more conducive to empathy than text, so opt for a video call when possible. Set an example by sharing feedback in an empathetic way. Be a coach instead of a bystander if you witness a scathing review. Speak up if you are the victim. Assess empathy skills when interviewing a candidate. Tie empathy skills to performance reviews and rewards. Define and enforce a community code of conduct, and moderate your community.
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With heightened awareness about empathy and the inspiration to spread it, open source productivity will grow, collaborators will lean in, and the power of open source software development can be fully harnessed.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/21/2/open-source-empathy
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作者：[Bronagh Sorota][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/bsorota
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/practicing-empathy.jpg?itok=-A7fj6NF (Practicing empathy)
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[2]: https://www.redhat.com/en/explore/the-open-organization-book
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[3]: https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/07/linus-torvalds-defends-his-right-to-shame-linux-kernel-developers/
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[4]: http://flossdata.syr.edu/data/insults/hicssInsultsv2.pdf
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[5]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sage_Sharp
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (scvoet)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Why the success of open source depends on empathy)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/2/open-source-empathy)
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[#]: author: (Bronagh Sorota https://opensource.com/users/bsorota)
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为何开源的成功取决于同理心？
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======
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随着人们对同理心认识的提高和传播的启发。
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它——开源的生产力会增长，合作者们会靠拢。
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而且，可以充分利用开源软件开发的力量。
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![践行共情][1]
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开源开发的协调创新精神和社区精神改变了世界。吉姆·怀特赫斯特（Jim Whitehurst）在[《开放式组织》][2]中解释说，开源的成功源于“将人们视为社区的一份子，从交易思维转变为基于承诺基础的思维方式”。 但是，开源开发模型的核心仍然存在障碍：它经常性地缺乏人们的同理心。
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同理心是理解或感受他人感受的能力。在开源社区中，面对面的人际互动和协作是否罕见。任何在 GitHub 提交过请求 (Pull request) 或问题 (Issues) 的开发者都曾收到过可能来自他们可能从未见过的人的评论，这些人往往身处地球的另一端，而他们的交流也可能同样遥远。现代开源开发就是建立在这种异步、事务性的沟通基础之上。因此，人们在社交媒体平台上所经历的同类型的网络欺凌和其他虐待行为在开源社区中也不足为奇。
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当然，并非所有开源交流都会事与愿违。许多人在工作中发展出了尊重并秉持着良好的行为标准。但是很多时候，人们的沟通也常常缺失了常识性的礼节，他们将人们像机器而非人类一般对待。这种行为是激发开源创新模型全部潜力的障碍，因为它让许多潜在的贡献者望而却步，并扼杀了灵感。
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### 恶意交流的历史
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代码审查中存在的敌意言论对开源社区来说并不新鲜，它多年来一直被社区所容忍。开源教父莱纳斯·托瓦尔兹 (Linus Torvalds) 经常在代码不符合他的标准时[抨击][3] Linux 社区，并将贡献者赶走。埃隆大学计算机科学教授梅根·斯奎尔（Megan Squire）借助[机器学习][4]分析了托瓦尔兹的侮辱行为，发现它们在四年内的数量高达数千次。2018 年，莱纳斯因自己的不良行为而将自己搁置，责成自己学习同理心，道歉并为 Linux 社区制定了行为准则。
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2015 年，[赛格·夏普][5]虽然在技术上受人尊重，但因其缺乏对个人的尊重，被辞去了 FOSS 女性外展计划中的 Linux 内核协调员一职。
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PR 审核中存在的贬低性评论对开发者会造成深远的影响。它导致开发者在提交 PR 时产生畏惧感，让他们对预期中的反馈感到恐惧。这吞噬了开发者对自己能力的信心。它逼迫工程师每次都只能追求完美，从而减缓了开发速度，这与许多社区采用的敏捷方法论背道而驰。
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### 如何拉近开源中的共情缺口？
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通常情况下，冒犯的评论常是无意间的，而通过一些指导，作者则可以学会如何在不带负面情绪的情况下表达意见。GitHub 不会监控问题和 PR 的评论是否有滥用内容，相反，它提供了一些工具，使得社区能够对其内容进行审查。所有者可以删除评论和锁定对话，所有贡献者可以报告滥用和阻止用户。
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制定社区行为准则可为所有级别的贡献者提供一个安全且包容的环境，并且能让所有级别的贡献者参与并定义降低协作者之间冲突的过程。
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我们能够克服开源中存在的共情问题。面对面的辩论比文字更有利于产生共鸣，所以尽可能选择视频通话。通过共情分享反馈来树立榜样。如果你目睹了一个尖锐的评论，请做一个指导员而非旁观者。如果你是受害者，请大声说出来。在面试候选人时，评估共情能力，并将共情能力与绩效评估和奖励挂钩。界定并执行社区行为准则，并管理好你的社区。
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随着人们对移情意识的了解的加深和灵感的传播，开源生产力将得到提升，协作者将有所作为，并且可以充分激发开源软件开发的活力。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/21/2/open-source-empathy
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作者：[Bronagh Sorota][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/bsorota
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/practicing-empathy.jpg?itok=-A7fj6NF (Practicing empathy)
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[2]: https://www.redhat.com/en/explore/the-open-organization-book
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[3]: https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/07/linus-torvalds-defends-his-right-to-shame-linux-kernel-developers/
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[4]: http://flossdata.syr.edu/data/insults/hicssInsultsv2.pdf
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[5]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sage_Sharp
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