选题: How to use FIND in Linux

sources/tech/20180427 How to use FIND in Linux.md

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+How to use FIND in Linux
+======
+
+![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/rh_003499_01_linux31x_cc.png?itok=Pvim4U-B)
+
+In [a recent Opensource.com article][1], Lewis Cowles introduced the `find` command.
+
+`find` is one of the more powerful and flexible command-line programs in the daily toolbox, so it's worth spending a little more time on it.
+
+At a minimum, `find` takes a path to find things. For example:
+```
+find /
+
+```
+
+will find (and print) every file on the system. And since everything is a file, you will get a lot of output to sort through. This probably doesn't help you find what you're looking for. You can change the path argument to narrow things down a bit, but it's still not really any more helpful than using the `ls` command. So you need to think about what you're trying to locate.
+
+Perhaps you want to find all the JPEG files in your home directory. The `-name` argument allows you to restrict your results to files that match the given pattern.
+```
+find ~ -name '*jpg'
+
+```
+
+But wait! What if some of them have an uppercase extension? `-iname` is like `-name`, but it is case-insensitive.
+```
+find ~ -iname '*jpg'
+
+```
+
+Great! But the 8.3 name scheme is so 1985. Some of the pictures might have a .jpeg extension. Fortunately, we can combine patterns with an "or," represented by `-o`.
+```
+find ~ ( -iname 'jpeg' -o -iname 'jpg' )
+
+```
+
+We're getting closer. But what if you have some directories that end in jpg? (Why you named a directory `bucketofjpg` instead of `pictures` is beyond me.) We can modify our command with the `-type` argument to look only for files.
+```
+find ~ \( -iname '*jpeg' -o -iname '*jpg' \) -type f
+
+```
+
+Or maybe you'd like to find those oddly named directories so you can rename them later:
+```
+find ~ \( -iname '*jpeg' -o -iname '*jpg' \) -type d
+
+```
+
+It turns out you've been taking a lot of pictures lately, so let's narrow this down to files that have changed in the last week.
+```
+find ~ \( -iname '*jpeg' -o -iname '*jpg' \) -type f -mtime -7
+
+```
+
+`ctime`), modification time (`mtime`), or access time (`atime`). These are in days, so if you want finer-grained control, you can express it in minutes instead (`cmin`, `mmin`, and `amin`, respectively). Unless you know exactly the time you want, you'll probably prefix the number with `+` (more than) or `–` (less than).
+
+You can do time filters based on file status change time (), modification time (), or access time (). These are in days, so if you want finer-grained control, you can express it in minutes instead (, and, respectively). Unless you know exactly the time you want, you'll probably prefix the number with(more than) or(less than).
+
+But maybe you don't care about your pictures. Maybe you're running out of disk space, so you want to find all the gigantic (let's define that as "greater than 1 gigabyte") files in the `log` directory:
+```
+find /var/log -size +1G
+
+```
+
+Or maybe you want to find all the files owned by bcotton in `/data`:
+```
+find /data -owner bcotton
+
+```
+
+You can also look for files based on permissions. Perhaps you want to find all the world-readable files in your home directory to make sure you're not oversharing.
+```
+find ~ -perm -o=r
+
+```
+
+This post only scratches the surface of what `find` can do. Combining tests with Boolean logic can give you incredible flexibility to find exactly the files you're looking for. And with arguments like `-exec` or `-delete`, you can have `find` take action on what it... finds. Have any favorite `find` expressions? Share them in the comments!
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://opensource.com/article/18/4/how-use-find-linux
+
+作者：[Ben Cotton][a]
+选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]:https://opensource.com/users/bcotton
+[1]:https://opensource.com/article/18/4/how-find-files-linux