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Microsoft and Linux: True Romance or Toxic Love?
微软和 Linux :真正的浪漫还是有毒的爱情？（微软和Linux的爱恨情仇）
================================================================================
时不时的我们会读到一个能让你喝咖啡呛到或者把热拿铁喷到你显示器上的新闻故事。微软最近宣布的对Linux的钟爱就是这样一个鲜明的例子。
Every now and then, you come across a news story that makes you choke on your coffee or splutter hot latte all over your monitor. Microsoft's recent proclamations of love for Linux is an outstanding example of such a story.
从常识来讲，微软和自由开源软件（FOSS）运动就是恒久的敌人。在很多人眼里，微软体现了过分的贪婪，而这正为自由开源软件运动（FOSS）所拒绝。另外，之前微软就已经给自由开源软件社区贴上了"一伙强盗"的标签。
Common sense says that Microsoft and the FOSS movement should be perpetual enemies. In the eyes of many, Microsoft embodies most of the greedy excesses that the Free Software movement rejects. In addition, Microsoft previously has labeled Linux as a cancer and the FOSS community as a "pack of thieves".
我们能够理解为什么微软一直以来都害怕免费的操作系统。免费操作系统结合挑战微软核心产品线的开源应用时，就威胁到了微软在台式机和笔记本电脑的控制地位。
We can understand why Microsoft has been afraid of a free operating system. When combined with open-source applications that challenge Microsoft's core line, it threatens Microsoft's grip on the desktop/laptop market.
尽管微软有对在台式机主导地位的担忧，在网络服务器市场 Linux 却有着最高的影响力。今天，大多数的服务器都是Linux系统。包括世界上最繁忙的站点服务器。
In spite of Microsoft's fears over its desktop dominance, the Web server marketplace is one arena where Linux has had the greatest impact. Today, the majority of Web servers are Linux boxes. This includes most of the world's busiest sites. The sight of so much unclaimed licensing revenue must be painful indeed for Microsoft.
Handheld devices are another realm where Microsoft has lost ground to free software. At one point, its Windows CE and Pocket PC operating systems were at the forefront of mobile computing. Windows-powered PDA devices were the shiniest and flashiest gadgets around. But, that all ended when Apple released its iPhone. Since then, Android has stepped into the limelight, with Windows Mobile largely ignored and forgotten. The Android platform is built on free and open-source components.
The rapid expansion in Android's market share is due to the open nature of the platform. Unlike with iOS, any phone manufacturer can release an Android handset. And, unlike with Windows Mobile, there are no licensing fees. This has been really good news for consumers. It has led to lots of powerful and cheap handsets appearing from manufacturers all over the world. It's a very definite vindication of the value of FOSS software.
Losing the battle for the Web and mobile computing is a brutal loss for Microsoft. When you consider the size of those two markets combined, the desktop market seems like a stagnant backwater. Nobody likes to lose, especially when money is on the line. And, Microsoft does have a lot to lose. You would expect Microsoft to be bitter about it. And in the past, it has been.
Microsoft has fought back against Linux and FOSS using every weapon at its disposal, from propaganda to patent threats, and although these attacks have slowed the adoption of Linux, they haven't stopped it.
So, you can forgive us for being shocked when Microsoft starts handing out t-shirts and badges that say "Microsoft Loves Linux" at open-source conferences and events. Could it be true? Does Microsoft really love Linux?
Of course, PR slogans and free t-shirts do not equal truth. Actions speak louder than words. And when you consider Microsoft's actions, Microsoft's stance becomes a little more ambiguous.
On the one hand, Microsoft is recruiting hundreds of Linux developers and sysadmins. It's releasing its .NET Core framework as an open-source project with cross-platform support (so that .NET apps can run on OS X and Linux). And, it is partnering with Linux companies to bring popular distros to its Azure platform. In fact, Microsoft even has gone so far as to create its own Linux distro for its Azure data center.
On the other hand, Microsoft continues to launch legal attacks on open-source projects directly and through puppet corporations. It's clear that Microsoft hasn't had some big moral change of heart over proprietary vs. free software, so why the public declarations of adoration?
To state the obvious, Microsoft is a profit-making entity. It's an investment vehicle for its shareholders and a source of income for its employees. Everything it does has a single ultimate goal: revenue. Microsoft doesn't act out of love or even hate (although that's a common accusation).
So the question shouldn't be "does Microsoft really love Linux?" Instead, we should ask how Microsoft is going to profit from all this.
Let's take the open-source release of .NET Core. This move makes it easy to port the .NET runtime to any platform. That extends the reach of Microsoft's .NET framework far beyond the Windows platform.
Opening .NET Core ultimately will make it possible for .NET developers to produce cross-platform apps for OS X, Linux, iOS and even Android--all from a single codebase.
From a developer's perspective, this makes the .NET framework much more attractive than before. Being able to reach many platforms from a single codebase dramatically increases the potential target market for any app developed using the .NET framework.
What's more, a strong Open Source community would provide developers with lots of code to reuse in their own projects. So, the availability of open-source projects would make the .NET framework.
On the plus side, opening .NET Core reduces fragmentation across different platforms and means a wider choice of apps for consumers. That means more choice, both in terms of open-source software and proprietary apps.
From Microsoft's point of view, it would gain a huge army of developers. Microsoft profits by selling training, certification, technical support, development tools (including Visual Studio) and proprietary extensions.
The question we should ask ourselves is does this benefit or hurt the Free Software community?
Widespread adoption of the .NET framework could mean the eventual death of competing open-source projects, forcing us all to dance to Microsoft's tune.
Moving beyond .NET, Microsoft is drawing a lot of attention to its Linux support on its Azure cloud computing platform. Remember, Azure originally was Windows Azure. That's because Windows Server was the only supported operating system. Today, Azure offers support for a number of Linux distros too.
There's one reason for this: paying customers who need and want Linux services. If Microsoft didn't offer Linux virtual machines, those customers would do business with someone else.
It looks like Microsoft is waking up to the fact that Linux is here to stay. Microsoft cannot feasibly wipe it out, so it has to embrace it.
This brings us back to the question of why there is so much buzz about Microsoft and Linux. We're all talking about it, because Microsoft wants us to think about it. After all, all these stories trace back to Microsoft, whether it's through press releases, blog posts or public announcements at conferences. The company is working hard to draw attention to its Linux expertise.
What other possible purpose could be behind Chief Architect Kamala Subramaniam's blog post announcing Azure Cloud Switch? ACS is a custom Linux distro that Microsoft uses to automate the configuration of its switch hardware in the Azure data centers.
ACS is not publicly available. It's intended for internal use in the Azure data center, and it's unlikely that anyone else would be able to find a use for it. In fact, Subramaniam states the same thing herself in her post.
So, Microsoft won't be making any money from selling ACS, and it won't attract a user base by giving it away. Instead, Microsoft gets to draw attention to Linux and Azure, strengthening its position as a Linux cloud computing platform.
Is Microsoft's new-found love for Linux good news for the community?
We shouldn't be slow to forget Microsoft's mantra of Embrace, Extend and Exterminate. Right now, Microsoft is very much in the early stages of embracing Linux. Will Microsoft seek to splinter the community through custom extensions and proprietary "standards"?
Let us know what you think in the comments below.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/microsoft-and-linux-true-romance-or-toxic-love-0
作者：[James Darvell][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://www.linuxjournal.com/users/james-darvell

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微软和 Linux :真正的浪漫还是有毒的爱情？
================================================================================
时不时的我们会读到一个能让你喝咖啡呛到或者把热拿铁喷到你显示器上的新闻故事。微软最近宣布的对 Linux 的钟爱就是这样一个鲜明的例子。
从常识来讲，微软和自由开源软件（FOSS）运动就是恒久的敌人。在很多人眼里，微软体现了过分的贪婪，而这正为自由开源软件运动（FOSS）所拒绝。另外，之前微软就已经给自由开源软件社区贴上了"一伙强盗"的标签。
我们能够理解为什么微软一直以来都害怕免费的操作系统。免费操作系统结合挑战微软核心产品线的开源应用时，就威胁到了微软在台式机和笔记本电脑市场的控制地位。
尽管微软有对在台式机主导地位的担忧，在网络服务器市场 Linux 却有着最高的影响力。今天，大多数的服务器都是 Linux 系统。包括世界上最繁忙的站点服务器。对微软来说，看到这么多没有被声明的许可证收入一定是非常痛苦的。
掌上设备是微软输给免费软件的另一个领域。曾几何时，微软的 Windows CE 和 Pocket PC 操作系统走在移动计算的前沿。Windows PDA 设备是最闪亮的和豪华的产品。但是这一切在苹果公司发布了iphone之后都结束了。从那时起，安卓已经开始进入公众视野，Windows的移动产品开始被忽略被遗忘。而安卓平台是建立在免费开源的组件的基础上的。
由于安卓平台的开放性，安卓的市场份额在迅速扩大。不像 IOS，任何一个手机制造商都可以发布安卓手机。也不像Windows手机，安卓没有许可费用。这对消费者来说是件好事。这也导致了许多强大却又价格低廉的手机制造商在世界各地涌现。这非常明确的证明了自由开源软件（FOSS）的价值。
在服务器和移动计算的角逐中失利对微软来说是非常惨重的损失。考虑一下服务器和移动计算这两个加起来所占有的市场大小，台式机市场似乎是死水一潭。没有人喜欢失败，尤其是涉及到金钱。并且，微软确实有许多正在慢慢失去。你可能期望着微软自尝苦果。在过去，确实如此。
微软使用了各种可以支配的手段来对 Linux 和自由开源软件（FOSS）进行反击，从宣传到专利威胁。尽管这种攻击确实减慢了适配 Linux 的步伐，但却从来没有让 Linux 的脚步停下。
所以，当微软在开源大会和重大事件上拿出印有"Microsoft Loves Linux"的T-恤和徽章时，请原谅我们表现出来的震惊。这是真的吗？微软真的爱 Linux ？
当然，公关的口号和免费的T-恤并不代表真理。行动胜于雄辩。当你思考一下微软的行动时，微软的立场就变得有点模棱两可了。
一方面，微软招募了几百名 Linux 开发者和系统管理员。将 .NET 核心框架作为一个开源的项目进行了发布，并提供了跨平台的支持（这样 .NET 就可以跑在 OS X 和 Linux 上了）。并且，微软与 Linux 公司合作把最流行的发型版本放到了Azure平台上。事实上，微软已经走的如此之远以至于要为Azure数据中心开发自己的Linux发行版了。
另一方面，微软继续直接通过法律或者傀儡公司来对开源项目进行攻击。很明显，微软在与自由软件的所有权较量上并没有发自内心的进行大的道德转变。那为什么要公开生命对Linux的钟爱之情呢？
一个显而易见的事实：微软是一个经营性实体。对股东来说是一个投资工具，对雇员来说是收入来源。微软所做的只有一个终极目标：盈利。微软并没有表现出来爱或者恨（尽管这是一个最常见的指控）。
所以问题不应该是"微软真的爱 Linux 吗？"相反，我们应该问，微软是怎么从这一切中获利的。
让我们以 .NET 核心框架的开源发行为例。这一举动使得任何平台都很容易进入 .NET 的运行时环境。这使得微软的.NET框架所涉及到的范围远远大于Windows平台。
开放 .NET 的核心包，最终使得 .NET 开发者开发跨平台的app成为可能，比如OS X,Linux甚至安卓——都基于同一个核心代码库。
从开发者角度来讲，这使得.NET框架比之前更有吸引力了。能够从单一的代码库就可以触及到多个平台，使得使用.NET框架开发的任何app戏剧性的扩大了潜在的目标市场。
另外，一个强大的开源社区能够提供给开发者一些代码来在他们自己的项目中进行服用。所以，开源项目的可利用性也将会成就.NET框架。
更进一步讲，开放 .NET 的核心代码能够减少跨越不同平台锁产生的碎片，意味着对消费者来说有对app更广的选择。无论是开源软件还是专用的app，都有更多的选择。
从微软的角度来讲，会得到一队开发者大军。微软可以通过销售培训、证书、技术支持、开发者工具（包括Visual Studio）和应用扩展来获利。
我们应该自问的是，这对自由软件社区有利还是有弊？
.NET 框架的大范围适用意味着许多参与竞争的开源项目的消亡，迫使我们会跟着微软的节奏走下去。
先抛开.NET不谈，微软正在花费大量的精力在Linux对Azure云计算平台的支持上。要记得，Azure最初是Windows的Azure。Windows服务器是唯一能够支持Azure的操作系统。今天，Azure也提供了对多个Linux发行版的支持。
关于此，有一个原因：付费给需要或者想要Linux服务的顾客。如果微软不提供Linux虚拟机，那些顾客就会跟别人合作了。
看上去好像是微软意识到"Linux就在这里"的这样一个现实。微软不能真正的消灭它，所以必须接收它。
这又把我们带回到那个问题：关于微软和Linux为什么有这么多的流言？我们在谈论这个问题，因为微软希望我们思考这个问题。毕竟，所有这些谈资都会追溯到微软，不管是在新闻稿、博客还是会议上的公开声明。微软在努力吸引大家对其在Linux专业知识方面的注意力。
首席架构师 Kamala Subramaniam 的博文声明Azure Cloud Switch背后的其他企图会是什么？ACS是一个定制的Linux发行版。微软用它来对Azure数据中心的开关硬件进行自动配置。
ACS不是公开的。它是用于Azure内部使用的。别人也不太可能找到这个发行版其他的用途。事实上，Subramaniam 在她的博文中也表述了同样的观点。
所以，微软不会通过卖ACS来获利，也不会因为放弃使用而获得一个用户基础。相反，微软在Linux和Azure上花费经历，加强其在Linux云计算平台方面的地位。
微软最近迷上Linux对社区来说是好消息吗？
我们不应该慢慢忘记微软的"拥抱、扩展、消灭"的诅咒。现在，微软处在拥抱Linux的初期阶段。微软会通过定制扩展和专有标准来分裂社区吗？
赶紧评论吧，让我们知道你是怎么想的。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/microsoft-and-linux-true-romance-or-toxic-love-0
作者：[James Darvell][a]
译者：[sonofelice](https://github.com/sonofelice)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://www.linuxjournal.com/users/james-darvell