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TSL:20190610 Screen Command Examples To Manage Multiple Terminal Sessions.md
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (wxy)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Screen Command Examples To Manage Multiple Terminal Sessions)
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[#]: via: (https://www.ostechnix.com/screen-command-examples-to-manage-multiple-terminal-sessions/)
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[#]: author: (sk https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/)
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Screen Command Examples To Manage Multiple Terminal Sessions
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======
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![Screen Command Examples To Manage Multiple Terminal Sessions][1]
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**GNU Screen** is a terminal multiplexer (window manager). As the name says, Screen multiplexes the physical terminal between multiple interactive shells, so we can perform different tasks in each terminal session. All screen sessions run their programs completely independent. So, a program or process running inside a screen session will keep running even if the session is accidentally closed or disconnected. For instance, when [**upgrading Ubuntu**][2] server via SSH, Screen command will keep running the upgrade process just in case your SSH session is terminated for any reason.
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The GNU Screen allows us to easily create multiple screen sessions, switch between different sessions, copy text between sessions, attach or detach from a session at any time and so on. It is one of the important command line tool every Linux admins should learn and use wherever necessary. In this brief guide, we will see the basic usage of Screen command with examples in Linux.
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### Installing GNU Screen
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GNU Screen is available in the default repositories of most Linux operating systems.
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To install GNU Screen on Arch Linux, run:
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```
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$ sudo pacman -S screen
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```
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On Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint:
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```
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$ sudo apt-get install screen
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```
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On Fedora:
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```
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$ sudo dnf install screen
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```
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On RHEL, CentOS:
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```
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$ sudo yum install screen
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```
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On SUSE/openSUSE:
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```
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$ sudo zypper install screen
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```
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Let us go ahead and see some screen command examples.
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### Screen Command Examples To Manage Multiple Terminal Sessions
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The default prefix shortcut to all commands in Screen is **Ctrl+a**. You need to use this shortcut a lot when using Screen. So, just remember this keyboard shortcut.
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##### Create new Screen session
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Let us create a new Screen session and attach to it. To do so, type the following command in terminal:
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```
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screen
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```
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Now, run any program or process inside this session. The running process or program will keep running even if you’re disconnected from this session.
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##### Detach from Screen sessions
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To detach from inside a screen session, press **Ctrl+a** and **d**. You don’t have to press the both key combinations at the same time. First press **Ctrl+a** and then press **d**. After detaching from a session, you will see an output something like below.
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```
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[detached from 29149.pts-0.sk]
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```
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Here, **29149** is the **screen ID** and **pts-0.sk** is the name of the screen session. You can attach, detach and kill Screen sessions using either screen ID or name of the respective session.
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##### Create a named session
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You can also create a screen session with any custom name of your choice other than the default username like below.
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```
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screen -S ostechnix
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```
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The above command will create a new screen session with name **“xxxxx.ostechnix”** and attach to it immediately. To detach from the current session, press **Ctrl+a** followed by **d**.
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Naming screen sessions can be helpful when you want to find which processes are running on which sessions. For example, when a setup LAMP stack inside a session, you can simply name it like below.
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```
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screen -S lampstack
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```
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##### Create detached sessions
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Sometimes, you might want to create a session, but don’t want to attach it automatically. In such cases, run the following command to create detached session named **“senthil”** :
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```
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screen -S senthil -d -m
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```
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Or, shortly:
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```
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screen -dmS senthil
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```
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The above command will create a session called “senthil”, but won’t attach to it.
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##### List Screen sessions
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To list all running sessions (attached or detached), run:
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```
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screen -ls
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```
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Sample output:
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```
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There are screens on:
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29700.senthil (Detached)
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29415.ostechnix (Detached)
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29149.pts-0.sk (Detached)
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3 Sockets in /run/screens/S-sk.
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```
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As you can see, I have three running sessions and all are detached.
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##### Attach to Screen sessions
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If you want to attach to a session at any time, for example **29415.ostechnix** , simply run:
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```
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screen -r 29415.ostechnix
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```
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Or,
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```
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screen -r ostechnix
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```
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Or, just use the screen ID:
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```
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screen -r 29415
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```
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To verify if we are attached to the aforementioned session, simply list the open sessions and check.
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```
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screen -ls
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```
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Sample output:
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```
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There are screens on:
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29700.senthil (Detached)
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29415.ostechnix (Attached)
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29149.pts-0.sk (Detached)
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3 Sockets in /run/screens/S-sk.
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```
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As you see in the above output, we are currently attached to **29415.ostechnix** session. To exit from the current session, press ctrl+a, d.
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##### Create nested sessions
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When we run “screen” command, it will create a single session for us. We can, however, create nested sessions (a session inside a session).
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First, create a new session or attach to an opened session. I am going to create a new session named “nested”.
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```
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screen -S nested
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```
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Now, press **Ctrl+a** and **c** inside the session to create another session. Just repeat this to create any number of nested Screen sessions. Each session will be assigned with a number. The number will start from **0**.
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You can move to the next session by pressing **Ctrl+n** and move to previous by pressing **Ctrl+p**.
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Here is the list of important Keyboard shortcuts to manage nested sessions.
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* **Ctrl+a ”** – List all sessions
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* **Ctrl+a 0** – Switch to session number 0
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* **Ctrl+a n** – Switch to next session
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* **Ctrl+a p** – Switch to the previous session
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* **Ctrl+a S** – Split current region horizontally into two regions
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* **Ctrl+a l** – Split current region vertically into two regions
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* **Ctrl+a Q** – Close all sessions except the current one
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* **Ctrl+a X** – Close the current session
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* **Ctrl+a \** – Kill all sessions and terminate Screen
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* **Ctrl+a ?** – Show keybindings. To quit this, press ENTER.
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##### Lock sessions
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Screen has an option to lock a screen session. To do so, press **Ctrl+a** and **x**. Enter your Linux password to lock the screen.
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```
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Screen used by sk <sk> on ubuntuserver.
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Password:
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```
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##### Logging sessions
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You might want to log everything when you’re in a Screen session. To do so, just press **Ctrl+a** and **H**.
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Alternatively, you can enable the logging when starting a new session using **-L** parameter.
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```
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screen -L
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```
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From now on, all activities you’ve done inside the session will recorded and stored in a file named **screenlog.x** in your $HOME directory. Here, **x** is a number.
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You can view the contents of the log file using **cat** command or any text viewer applications.
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![][3]
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Log screen sessions
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* * *
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**Suggested read:**
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* [**How To Record Everything You Do In Terminal**][4]
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* * *
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##### Kill Screen sessions
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If a session is not required anymore, just kill it. To kill a detached session named “senthil”:
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```
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screen -r senthil -X quit
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```
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Or,
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```
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screen -X -S senthil quit
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```
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Or,
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```
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screen -X -S 29415 quit
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```
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If there are no open sessions, you will see the following output:
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```
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$ screen -ls
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No Sockets found in /run/screens/S-sk.
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```
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For more details, refer man pages.
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```
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$ man screen
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```
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There is also a similar command line utility named “Tmux” which does the same job as GNU Screen. To know more about it, refer the following guide.
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* [**Tmux Command Examples To Manage Multiple Terminal Sessions**][5]
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**Resource:**
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* [**GNU Screen home page**][6]
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.ostechnix.com/screen-command-examples-to-manage-multiple-terminal-sessions/
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作者：[sk][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Screen-Command-Examples-720x340.jpg
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[2]: https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-upgrade-to-ubuntu-18-04-lts-desktop-and-server/
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[3]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Log-screen-sessions.png
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[4]: https://www.ostechnix.com/record-everything-terminal/
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[5]: https://www.ostechnix.com/tmux-command-examples-to-manage-multiple-terminal-sessions/
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[6]: https://www.gnu.org/software/screen/
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@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (wxy)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Screen Command Examples To Manage Multiple Terminal Sessions)
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[#]: via: (https://www.ostechnix.com/screen-command-examples-to-manage-multiple-terminal-sessions/)
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[#]: author: (sk https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/)
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screen 命令示例：管理多个终端会话
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======
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![Screen Command Examples To Manage Multiple Terminal Sessions][1]
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GNU Screen 是一个终端多路复用器（窗口管理器）。顾名思义，Screen 在多个交互式 shell 之间复用物理终端，因此我们可以在每个终端会话中执行不同的任务。所有的 Screen 会话都完全独立地运行程序。因此，即使会话意外关闭或断开连接，在屏幕会话内运行的程序或进程也将继续运行。例如，当通过 SSH [升级 Ubuntu][2] 服务器时，`screen` 命令将继续运行升级过程，以防万一 SSH 会话因任何原因而终止。
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GNU Screen 允许我们轻松创建多个 Screen 会话，在不同会话之间切换，在会话之间复制文本，随时连上或脱离会话等等。它是每个 Linux 管理员应该在必要时学习和使用的重要命令行工具之一。在本简要指南中，我们将看到 `screen` 命令的基本用法以及 Linux 中的示例。
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### 安装 GNU Screen
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GNU Screen 在大多数 Linux 操作系统的默认存储库中都可用。
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要在 Arch Linux 上安装 GNU Screen，请运行：
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```
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$ sudo pacman -S screen
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```
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在 Debian、Ubuntu、Linux Mint 上：
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```
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$ sudo apt-get install screen
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```
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在 Fedora 上：
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```
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$ sudo dnf install screen
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```
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在 RHEL、CentOS 上：
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```
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$ sudo yum install screen
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```
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在 SUSE/openSUSE 上：
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```
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$ sudo zypper install screen
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```
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让我们继续看一些 `screen` 命令示例。
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### 管理多个终端会话的 Screen 命令示例
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在 Screen 中所有命令的默认前缀快捷方式是 `Ctrl + a`。 使用 Screen 时，你需要经常使用此快捷方式。所以，要需记住这个键盘快捷键。
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#### 创建新的 Screen 会话
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让我们创建一个新的 Screen 会话并连上它。为此，请在终端中键入以下命令：
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```
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screen
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```
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现在，在此会话中运行任何程序或进程。即使你与此会话断开连接，正在运行的进程或程序也将继续运行。
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#### 从 Screen 会话脱离
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要从屏幕会话中脱离，请按 `Ctrl + a` 和 `d`。你无需同时按下两个组合键。首先按 `Ctrl + a` 然后按 `d`。从会话中脱离后，你将看到类似下面的输出。
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```
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[detached from 29149.pts-0.sk]
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```
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这里，`29149` 是 Screen ID，`pts-0.sk` 是屏幕会话的名称。你可以使用 Screen ID 或相应会话的名称来连上、脱离和终止屏幕会话。
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#### 创建命名会话
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你还可以用你选择的任何自定义名称创建一个 Screen 会话，而不是默认用户名，如下所示。
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```
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screen -S ostechnix
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```
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上面的命令将创建一个名为 `xxxxx.ostechnix` 的新 Screen 会话，并立即连上它。要从当前会话中脱离，请按 `Ctrl + a`，然后按 `d`。
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当你想要查找哪些进程在哪些会话上运行时，命名会话会很有用。例如，当在会话中设置 LAMP 系统时，你可以简单地将其命名为如下所示。
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```
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screen -S lampstack
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```
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#### 创建脱离的会话
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有时，你可能想要创建一个会话，但不希望自动连上该会话。在这种情况下，运行以下命令来创建名为`senthil` 的脱离会话：
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```
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screen -S senthil -d -m
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```
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也可以缩短为：
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```
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screen -dmS senthil
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```
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上面的命令将创建一个名为 `senthil` 的会话，但不会连上它。
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#### 列出屏幕会话
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要列出所有正在运行的会话（连上的或脱离的），请运行：
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```
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screen -ls
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```
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示例输出：
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```
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There are screens on:
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29700.senthil (Detached)
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29415.ostechnix (Detached)
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29149.pts-0.sk (Detached)
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3 Sockets in /run/screens/S-sk.
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```
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如你所见，我有三个正在运行的会话，并且所有会话都已脱离。
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#### 连上 Screen 会话
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如果你想连上会话，例如 `29415.ostechnix`，只需运行：
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```
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screen -r 29415.ostechnix
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```
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或
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```
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screen -r ostechnix
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```
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或使用 Screen ID：
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```
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screen -r 29415
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```
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要验证我们是否连上到上述会话，只需列出打开的会话并检查。
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```
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screen -ls
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```
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示例输出：
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```
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There are screens on:
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29700.senthil (Detached)
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29415.ostechnix (Attached)
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29149.pts-0.sk (Detached)
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3 Sockets in /run/screens/S-sk.
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```
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如你所见，在上面的输出中，我们目前已连上到 `29415.ostechnix` 会话。要退出当前会话，请按 `ctrl + a d`。
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#### 创建嵌套会话
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当我们运行 `screen` 命令时，它将为我们创建一个会话。但是，我们可以创建嵌套会话（会话内的会话）。
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首先，创建一个新会话或连上已打开的会话。我将创建一个名为 `nested` 的新会话。
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```
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screen -S nested
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```
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|
||||
现在，在会话中按 `Ctrl + a` 和 `c` 创建另一个会话。只需重复此操作即可创建任意数量的嵌套 Screen 会话。每个会话都将分配一个号码。号码将从 `0` 开始。
|
||||
|
||||
你可以按 `Ctrl + n` 移动到下一个会话，然后按 `Ctrl + p` 移动到上一个会话。
|
||||
|
||||
以下是管理嵌套会话的重要键盘快捷键列表。
|
||||
|
||||
* `Ctrl + a "` - 列出所有会话
|
||||
* `Ctrl + a 0` - 切换到会话号 0
|
||||
* `Ctrl + a n` - 切换到下一个会话
|
||||
* `Ctrl + a p` - 切换到上一个会话
|
||||
* `Ctrl + a S` - 将当前区域水平分割为两个区域
|
||||
* `Ctrl + a l` - 将当前区域垂直分割为两个区域
|
||||
* `Ctrl + a Q` - 关闭除当前会话之外的所有会话
|
||||
* `Ctrl + a X` - 关闭当前会话
|
||||
* `Ctrl + a \` - 终止所有会话并终止 Screen
|
||||
* `Ctrl + a ?` - 显示键绑定。要退出，请按回车
|
||||
|
||||
#### 锁定会话
|
||||
|
||||
Screen 有一个锁定会话的选项。为此，请按 `Ctrl + a` 和 `x`。 输入你的 Linux 密码以锁定。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
Screen used by sk <sk> on ubuntuserver.
|
||||
Password:
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 记录会话
|
||||
|
||||
你可能希望记录 Screen 会话中的所有内容。为此，只需按 `Ctrl + a` 和 `H` 即可。
|
||||
|
||||
或者，你也可以使用 `-L` 参数启动新会话来启用日志记录。0
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
screen -L
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
从现在开始，你在会话中做的所有活动都将记录并存储在 `$HOME` 目录中名为 `screenlog.x` 的文件中。这里，`x`是一个数字。
|
||||
|
||||
你可以使用 `cat` 命令或任何文本查看器查看日志文件的内容。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
![][3]
|
||||
|
||||
*记录 Screen 会话*
|
||||
|
||||
#### 终止 Screen 会话
|
||||
|
||||
如果不再需要会话，只需杀死它。 要杀死名为 `senthil` 的脱离会话：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
screen -r senthil -X quit
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
或
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
screen -X -S senthil quit
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
或
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
screen -X -S 29415 quit
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
如果没有打开的会话，你将看到以下输出：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ screen -ls
|
||||
No Sockets found in /run/screens/S-sk.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
更多细节请参照 man 手册页：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ man screen
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
还有一个名为 Tmux 的类似命令行实用程序，它与 GNU Screen 执行相同的工作。要了解更多信息，请参阅以下指南。
|
||||
|
||||
* [Tmux 命令示例：管理多个终端会话][5]
|
||||
|
||||
### 资源
|
||||
|
||||
* [GNU Screen 主页][6]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.ostechnix.com/screen-command-examples-to-manage-multiple-terminal-sessions/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[sk][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Screen-Command-Examples-720x340.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-upgrade-to-ubuntu-18-04-lts-desktop-and-server/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Log-screen-sessions.png
|
||||
[4]: https://www.ostechnix.com/record-everything-terminal/
|
||||
[5]: https://www.ostechnix.com/tmux-command-examples-to-manage-multiple-terminal-sessions/
|
||||
[6]: https://www.gnu.org/software/screen/
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user