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sources/share/20150527 3 Open Source Python Shells.md
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3 Open Source Python Shells
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================================================================================
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Python is a high-level, general-purpose, structured, powerful, open source programming language that is used for a wide variety of programming tasks. It features a fully dynamic type system and automatic memory management, similar to that of Scheme, Ruby, Perl, and Tcl, avoiding many of the complexities and overheads of compiled languages. The language was created by Guido van Rossum in 1991, and continues to grow in popularity.
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Python is a very useful and popular computer language. One of the benefits of using an interpreted language such as Python is exploratory programming with its interactive shell. You can try out code without having to write a script. But there are limitations with the Python shell. Fortunately, there are some excellent alternative Python shells that extend on the basic shell. They each offer an excellent interactive Python experience.
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----------
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### bpython ###
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bpython is a fancy interface to the Python interpreter for Linux, BSD, OS X and Windows.
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The idea is to provide the user with all the features in-line, much like modern IDEs, but in a simple, lightweight package that can be run in a terminal window.
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bpython doesn't seek to create anything new or groundbreaking. Instead, it brings together a few neat ideas and focuses on practicality and usefulness.
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Features include:
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- In-line syntax highlighting - uses Pygments for lexing the code as you type, and colours appropriately
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- Readline-like autocomplete with suggestions displayed as you type
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- Expected parameter list for any Python function - seeks to display a list of parameters for any function you call
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- "Rewind" function to pop the last line of code from memory and re-evaluate
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- Send the code you've entered off to a pastebin
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- Save the code you've entered to a file
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- Auto-indentation
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- Python 3 support
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- Website: [www.bpython-interpreter.org][1]
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- Developer: Bob Farrell and contributors
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- License: MIT License
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- Version Number: 0.14.1
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----------
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### IPython ###
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IPython is an enhanced interactive Python shell. It provides a rich toolkit to help you make the most out of using Python interactively.
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IPython can be used as a replacement for the standard Python shell, or it can be used as a complete working environment for scientific computing (like Matlab or Mathematica) when paired with the standard Python scientific and numerical tools. It supports dynamic object introspections, numbered input/output prompts, a macro system, session logging, session restoring, complete system shell access, verbose and colored traceback reports, auto-parentheses, auto-quoting, and is embeddable in other Python programs.
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Features include:
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- Powerful interactive shells (terminal and Qt-based)
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- A browser-based notebook with support for code, rich text, mathematical expressions, inline plots and other rich media
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- Support for interactive data visualization and use of GUI toolkits
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- Flexible, embeddable interpreters to load into your own projects
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- Easy to use, high performance tools for parallel computing
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- Website: [ipython.org][2]
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- Developer: The IPython Development Team
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- License: BSD
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- Version Number: 3.1
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----------
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### DreamPie ###
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DreamPie is a Python shell which is designed to be reliable and fun.
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DreamPie can use just about any Python interpreter (Jython, IronPython, PyPy).
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Features include:
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- New concept for an interactive shell: the window is divided into the history box, which lets you view previous commands and their output, and the code box, where you write your code. This allows you to edit any amount of code, just like in your favorite editor, and execute it when it's ready. You can also copy code from anywhere, edit it and run it instantly
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- The Copy code only command will copy the code you want to keep, so you can save it in a file. The code is already formatted nicely with a four-space indentation
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- Automatic completion of attributes and file names
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- Automatically displays function arguments and documentation
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- Keeps your recent results in the result history, for later use
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- Can automatically fold long outputs, so you can concentrate on what's important
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- Save the history of the session as an HTML file, for future reference. You can then load the history file into DreamPie, and quickly redo previous commands
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- Automatically adds parentheses and optionally quotes when you press space after functions and methods. For example, type execfile fn and get execfile("fn")
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- Supports interactive plotting with matplotlib
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- Xupport for Python 2.5, Python 2.6, Python 3.1, Jython 2.5, IronPython 2.6, and PyPy
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- Extremely fast and responsive.
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- Website: [www.dreampie.org][3]
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- Developer: Noam Yorav-Raphael
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- License: GNU GPL v3
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- Version Number: 1.2.1
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20150523032756576/PythonShells.html
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作者：Frazer Kline
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://www.bpython-interpreter.org/
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[2]:http://ipython.org/
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[3]:http://www.dreampie.org/
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Animated Wallpaper Adds Live Backgrounds To Linux Distros
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**We know a lot of you love having a stylish Ubuntu desktop to show off.**
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Live Wallpaper
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And as Linux makes it so easy to create a stunning workspace with a minimal effort, that’s understandable!
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Today, we’re highlighting — [re-highlighting][2] for those of you with long memories — a free, open-source tool that can add extra bling your OS screenshots and screencasts.
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It’s called **Live Wallpaper** and (as you can probably guess) it will replace the standard static desktop background with an animated alternative powered by OpenGL.
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And the best bit: it can be installed in Ubuntu very easily.
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### Animated Wallpaper Themes ###
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Live Wallpaper is not the only app of this type, but it is one of the the best.
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It comes with a number of different themes out of the box.
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These range from the subtle (‘noise’) to frenetic (‘nexus’), and caters to everything in between. There’s even the obligatory clock wallpaper inspired by the welcome screen of the Ubuntu Phone:
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- Circles — Clock inspired by Ubuntu Phone with ‘evolving circle’ aura
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- Galaxy — Spinning galaxy that can be resized/repositioned
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- Gradient Clock — A polar clock overlaid on basic gradient
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- Nexus — Brightly colored particles fire across screen
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- Noise — A bokeh design similar to the iOS dynamic wallpaper
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- Photoslide — Grid of photos from folder (default ~/Photos) animate in/out
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Live Wallpaper is **fully open-source** so there’s nothing to stop imaginative artists with the know-how (and patience) from creating some slick themes of their own.
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### Settings & Features ###
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Each theme can be configured or customised in some way, though certain themes have more options than others.
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For example, in Nexus (pictured above) you can change the number and colour of the the pulse particles, their size, and their frequency.
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The preferences app also provides a set of **general options** that will apply to all themes. These include:
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- Setting live wallpaper to run on log-in
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- Setting a custom background that the animation sits on
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- Adjusting the FPS (including option to show FPS on screen)
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- Specifying the multi-monitor behaviour
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With so many options available it should be easy to create a background set up that suits you.
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### Drawbacks ###
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#### No Desktop Icons ####
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You can’t add, open or edit files or folders on the desktop while Live Wallpaper is ‘On’.
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The Preferences app does list an option that will, supposedly, let you do this. It may work on really older releases but in our testing, on Ubuntu 14.10, it does nothing.
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One workaround that seems to work for some users of the app on Ubuntu is setting a .png image as the custom background. It doesn’t have to be a transparent .png, simply a .png.
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#### Resource Usage ####
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Animated wallpapers use more system resources than standard background images.
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We’re not talking about 50% load at all times —at least not with this app in our testing— but those on low-power devices and laptops will want to use apps like this cautiously. Use a [system monitoring tool][2] to keep an eye on CPU and GPU load.
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#### Quitting the app ####
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The biggest “bug” for me is the absolute lack of “quit” option.
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Sure, the animated wallpaper can be turned off from the Indicator Applet and the Preferences tool but quitting the app entirely, quitting the indicator applet? Nope. To do that I have to use the ‘pkill livewallpaper’ command in the Terminal.
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### How to Install Live Wallpaper in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS + ###
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To install Live Wallpaper in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS and above you will first need to add the official PPA for the app to your Software Sources.
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The quickest way to do this is using the Terminal:
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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:fyrmir/livewallpaper-daily
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sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install livewallpaper
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You should also install the indicator applet, which lets you quickly and easily turn on/off the animated wallpaper and switch theme from the menu area, and the GUI settings tool so that you can configure each theme based on your tastes.
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sudo apt-get install livewallpaper-config livewallpaper-indicator
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When everything has installed you will be able to launch the app and its preferences tool from the Unity Dash.
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Annoyingly, the Indicator Applet won’t automatically open after you install it. It does add itself to the start up list, so a quick log out > log in will get it to show.
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### Summary ###
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If you fancy breathing life into a dull desktop, give it a spin — and let us know what you think of it and what animated wallpapers you’d love to see added!
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2015/05/animated-wallpaper-adds-live-backgrounds-to-linux-distros
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作者：[Joey-Elijah Sneddon][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://plus.google.com/117485690627814051450/?rel=author
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[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/11/live-wallpaper-for-ubuntu
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[2]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2011/11/5-system-monitoring-tools-for-ubuntu
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How to edit your documents collaboratively on Linux
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================================================================================
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> "Developed many years before by some high-strung, compulsive assistant, the Bulletin was simply a Word document that lived in a shared folder both Emily and I could access. Only one of us could open it at a time and add a new message, thought, or question to the itemized list. Then we'd print out the updated version and place it on the clipboard that sat on the shelf over my desk, removing the old ones as we went." ("The Devil Wears Prada" by Lauren Weisberger)
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Even today such a "collaborative editing" is in use where only one person can open a shared file, make changes to it, and then inform others about what and when was modified.
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ONLYOFFICE is an open source online office suite integrated with different management tools for documents, emails, events, tasks and client relations.
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Using ONLYOFFICE office suite, a group of people can edit text, spreadsheet or presentation within a browser simultaneously. Leave comments directly in their document and interact with each other using the integrated chat. And, finally, save the document as a PDF file for further printing. As an added bonus, it gives the possibility to view the document history and restore the previous revision/version if needed.
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In this tutorial, I will describe how to deploy your own online office suite using [ONLYOFFICE Free Edition][1], an ONLYOFFICE self-hosted version distributed under GNU AGPL v3.
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### Installing ONLYOFFICE on Linux ###
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ONLYOFFICE installation requires the presence of mono (version 4.0.0 or later), nodejs, libstdc++6, nginx and mysql-server in your Linux system. To simplify the installation process and avoid dependency errors, I install ONLYOFFICE using Docker. In this case there is only one dependency to be installed - [Docker][2].
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Just to remind, Docker is an open-source project that automates the deployment of applications inside software containers. If Docker is not available on your Linux system, install it first by referring to Docker installation instructions for [Debian-based][3] or [Red-Hat based][4] systems.
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Note that you will need Docker 1.4.1 or later. To check the installed Docker version, use the following command.
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$ docker version
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To try ONLYOFFICE inside a Docker container, simply execute the following commands:
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$ sudo docker run -i -t -d --name onlyoffice-document-server onlyoffice/documentserver
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$ sudo docker run -i -t -d -p 80:80 -p 443:443 --link onlyoffice-document-server:document_server onlyoffice/communityserver
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These commands will download the [official ONLYOFFICE Docker image][5] with all dependencies needed for its correct work.
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It's also possible to install [ONLYOFFICE Online Editors][6] separately on a Linux server, and easily integrate it into your website or cloud application via API provided.
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### Running a Self-Hosted Online Office ###
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To open your online office, enter localhost (http://IP-Address/) in the address bar of your browser. The Welcome page will open:
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Enter a password and specify the email address you will use to access your office the next time.
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### Editing Your Documents Online ###
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First, click the Documents link to open **the My Documents** folder.
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#### STEP 1. Select a Document to Edit ####
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To create a new document right there, click on the **Create** button in the upper left corner, and choose the file type from the drop-down list. To edit a file stored on your hard disk drive, upload it to **Documents** clicking the **Upload** button next to **Create** button.
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#### STEP 2. Share your Document ####
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Use the **Share** button to the right side if you are in the **My Documents** folder, or follow **File >> Document Info ... >> Change Access Rights** if you are inside your document.
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In the opened **Sharing Settings** window, click on the **People outside portal** link on the left, open the access to the document, and give full access to it by enabling the **Full Access** radio button.
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Finally, choose a way to share the link to your document, send it via email or one of the available social networks: Google+, Facebook, or Twitter.
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#### STEP 3. Start the Collaborative Editing ####
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To start co-editing the document, the invited person just needs to follow the provided link.
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The text passages edited by your co-editors will be automatically marked with dashed lines of different colors.
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As soon as one of your collaborators saves his/her changes, you will see a note appearing in the left upper corner of the top toolbar, indicating that there areupdates.
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To save your changes and get updates, click on the **Save** icon. All the updates will then be highlighted.
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#### STEP 4. Interact with your Co-editors ####
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To leave some comments, select a text passage with the mouse, right-click on it and, and choose the **Add comment** option from the context menu.
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To interact with co-editors in real time, use the integrated chat instead. All the users who currently edit the document will be listed on the **Chat** panel. To open it, click on the **Chat** icon at the left-side bar. To start a discussion, enter your message into an appropriate field on the **Chat** panel.
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### Useful Tips ###
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As final notes, here are some useful tips for you to take full advantage of ONLYOFFICE.
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#### Tip #1. Editing your Docs from Cloud Storage Services, Like ownCloud ####
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If you store your documents in other web resources like Box, Dropbox, Google Drive, OneDrive, SharePoint or ownCloud, you can easily synchronize them with the ONLYOFFICE.
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In the opened 'Documents' module, click one of the icons under the **Add the account** caption: Google, Box, DropBox, OneDrive, ownCloud or 'Add account', and enter the requested data.
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#### Tip #2. Editing Your Docs on iPad ####
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To add some changes to your document on the go, I use ONLYOFFICE Documents app for iPad. You can download and install it from [iTune][7], then you need to enter your ONLYOFFICE portal address, email and password to access your documents. The feature set is almost the same.
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To evaluate ONLYOFFICE Online Editors features, you can use the [cloud version][8] for personal use.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://xmodulo.com/edit-documents-collaboratively-linux.html
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作者：[Tatiana Kochedykova][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/tatiana
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[1]:http://www.onlyoffice.org/
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[2]:http://xmodulo.com/recommend/dockerbook
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[3]:http://xmodulo.com/manage-linux-containers-docker-ubuntu.html
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[4]:http://xmodulo.com/docker-containers-centos-fedora.html
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[5]:https://registry.hub.docker.com/u/onlyoffice/communityserver/
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[6]:http://onlyoffice.org/sources#document
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[7]:https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/onlyoffice-documents/id944896972
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[8]:https://personal.onlyoffice.com/
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