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sources/talk/20200519 24 Linux desktops you need to try.md
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (robsean)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (24 Linux desktops you need to try)
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/5/linux-desktops)
[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth)
24 Linux desktops you need to try
======
Gotta catch them all!
![Penguins][1]
One of the great strengths of the Linux desktop is the choice it affords its users. If you don't like your application menu in the lower left of your screen, you can move it. If you don't like the way your file manager organizes your documents, you can use a different one. Admittedly, however, that can be confusing for new users who aren't used to having a say in how they use their computers. If you're looking at installing Linux, one of the choices you're going to have to make is which desktop you want to use, and the best way to do that is to try a few different ones until you find the one that feels right for you.
### The defaults
![][2]
opensource.com
As the default on Fedora, Ubuntu, Debian, and several others, the GNOME desktop is probably the most popular desktop for Linux. It's an intuitive and modern interface, with little nods to mobile design so it feels natural even on a touch screen.
Some distributions of Linux opt for something different, though, including KDE Plasma, Pantheon, Cinnamon, and Mate.
* [GNOME][3]: the modern and intuitive default
* [Mate][4]: legacy GNOME
* [KDE][5]: the powerful and configurable Plasma desktop
* [Cinnamon][6]: classic GNOME
* [Pantheon][7]: the divine default of [ElementaryOS][8]
* [Budgie][9]: a subdued desktop
* [Trinity][10]: legacy KDE
# Traditional Unix
![Window Maker running on Fedora][11]
Unix, the progenitor of modern operating systems and the direct inspiration for Linux, has a surprisingly rich history of desktops. Most people aren't familiar with Unix desktop design because Unix computers were considered specialist machines common to academic, scientific, and film settings rather than the household. If you were a Unix, IRIX, or NeXT user, then you might have fond memories of desktops like [CDE][12] or NeXTStep. You're in luck because the tradition lives on:
* [Windowmaker][13]: the NeXT interface reborn
* [Enlightenment][14]: a modernized and improved Windowmaker-style desktop
* [Fluxbox][15]: thinking outside the box
* [Openbox][16]: improving the usability of the box
* [TWM][17]: the timeless sample desktop bundled with X11
* [Fvwm][18]: TWM improved
### Lightweight desktops
![XFCE in 2019 on Mageia Linux][19]
You might wonder why Linux has so many desktops to choose from. While you can chalk a lot of it up to personal preference and a low tolerance for inefficiency, there are technical benefits to optimizing an interface. For instance, old computers struggling to keep up with an update to its UI [can be given new life](<https://opensource.com/article/20/2/macbook-linux-elementary>) with a lightweight desktop. Alternately, you may simply want to allocate CPU cycles to everything *but* your desktop, so keeping your primary UI minimal just makes sense. Whatever your reason, there are several you can try:
* [XFCE][20]: delivers a familiar desktop for a fraction of the cost
* [LXQT and LXDE][21]: familiar desktops for a smaller fraction of the cost
* [PekWM][22]: a box-style window manager
* [Joe's Window Manager][23]: another box-style window manager
* [Ratpoison][24]: don't touch that mouse
* [Herbstluftwm][25]: Ratpoison for [Vim users][26]
* [Lumina][27]: a desktop developed for PC-BSD
### Experimental desktops
![Unix Desktop Environment][28]
One of the things that happens when it's relatively easy to create and integrate a desktop into a system is that you get interesting proof-of-concepts and experimental projects. Some are more polished than others, and some aren't terribly easy to install. These probably aren't destined to be your permanent desktop, but they can be fun to experience:
* [Unix Desktop Environment][29]: a reinvention of the desktop
* [Rox][30]: a progressive and modern desktop in its day
* [MLVWM][31]: what if the Apple IIe had run Unix?
* [Equinox][32]: just the basics
### Choose your desktop
If you're overwhelmed by choice, then keep in mind that desktops are meant to be _optional_. There's no obligation to try more than the one that ships with your distribution.
Many a power user of Linux settles for whatever desktop their distribution puts in front of them. The important thing is to get a Linux install that works with your computer, and spend time with it to learn how it works. Ultimately, all desktops are only meant to do the same thing: help you organize and manage your important data. As long as you know how your desktop works, that's all that matters. But if you've learned everything you need to know about your default desktop, you now have plenty of options to try out on the weekend. Have fun!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/5/linux-desktops
作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/linux-penguins.png?itok=yKOpaJM_ (Penguins)
[2]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/advent-gnome.jpg
[3]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/gnome-linux-desktop
[4]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/mate-linux-desktop
[5]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-kde-plasma
[6]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/cinnamon-linux-desktop
[7]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/pantheon-linux-desktop
[8]: https://elementary.io/
[9]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/budgie-linux-desktop
[10]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-trinity-desktop-environment-tde
[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/advent-windowmaker.jpg (Window Maker running on Fedora)
[12]: https://sourceforge.net/projects/cdesktopenv/
[13]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-window-maker-desktop
[14]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-enlightenment-desktop
[15]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/fluxbox-linux-desktop
[16]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/openbox-linux-desktop
[17]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/twm-linux-desktop
[18]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/fvwm-linux-desktop
[19]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/advent-xfce.jpg (XFCE on Mageia Linux in 2019)
[20]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/xfce-linux-desktop
[21]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/lxqt-lxde-linux-desktop
[22]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/pekwm-linux-desktop
[23]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/joes-window-manager-linux-desktop
[24]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/ratpoison-linux-desktop
[25]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/herbstluftwm-linux-desktop
[26]: https://opensource.com/resources/what-vim
[27]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-lumina-desktop
[28]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/advent-ude.jpg (Unix Desktop Environment)
[29]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-unix-desktop-environment-ude
[30]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-rox-desktop
[31]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-mlvwm-desktop
[32]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/ede-linux-desktop

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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (robsean)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (24 Linux desktops you need to try)
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/5/linux-desktops)
[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth)
你需要尝试的 24 个 Linux 桌面环境
======
一定要抓住它们!
![企鹅][1]
Linux 桌面的最大优点之一是它提供给用户选择的权利。如果你不喜欢你屏幕左下角的应用程序菜单，你可以移除它。如果你不喜欢你的文件管理器处理你的文档的方式，你可以使用一个不同的的文件管理器。不过，不可否认的是，这对那些不习惯自己选择如何使用计算机的用户来说可能会感到迷惑。如果你正在考虑安装 Linux ，你将不得不去做一个你想使用哪一个桌面的选择，最好的方法是：在你找到的一个适合你的桌面前，尝试一些不同的桌面。
### 默认桌面
![][2]
opensource.com
作为在 Fedora, Ubuntu, Debian, 和一些and several others 上的默认桌面，GNOME 桌面可能是最流行的 Linux 桌面。它有一个易于使用和现代化的界面，毫无疑问适用于移动设备，所以在一个触摸屏上也感觉很自然。
不过，Linux 的一些发行版选择了不同的东西，包括 KDE Plasma, Pantheon, Cinnamon, 和 Mate 。
* [GNOME][3]: 现代化和易于使用，默认桌面
* [Mate][4]: 传统的 GNOME
* [KDE][5]: 功能强大和可配置的 Plasma desktop
* [Cinnamon][6]: 经典的 GNOME
* [Pantheon][7]: [ElementaryOS][8] 的极美的默认桌面
* [Budgie][9]: 一个光线柔和的桌面
* [Trinity][10]: 传统的 KDE
# 传统的 Unix
![Window Maker 运行在 Fedora 上][11]
Unix 是现代操作系统的鼻祖，是 Linux 的直接灵感来源，拥有令人吃惊的丰富的桌面历史。大多数人都不熟悉 Unix 桌面设计，因为 Unix 计算机被认为是学术界、科学界和电影界的普通专用机器，而不是家用计算机。如果你是一名 Unix, IRIX, 或 NeXT 的用户，那么你可能会对类似于 [CDE][12] 或 NeXTStep 的桌面有着美好的回忆。你很幸运，因为这一传统源远流长：
* [Windowmaker][13]: NeXT 界面复兴
* [Enlightenment][14]: 一个现代化的和改善的 Windowmaker 样式的桌面
* [Fluxbox][15]: 想法跳出方框
* [Openbox][16]: 改善方框的可用性
* [TWM][17]: 与 X11 捆绑的永恒的示例桌面
* [Fvwm][18]: TWM 的改善
### 轻量级桌面
![XFCE in 2019 年 在 Mageia Linux 上的][19]
你可能想知道为什么 Linux 有那么多的桌面来从中选择。你可用把很多因素归因于个人喜好和对效率低下的低容忍度，优化一个界面有技术优势来。例如，老电脑使用一个轻量级桌面可用勉力维持跟上用户界面的更新，[这可以赋予它新的生命](<https://opensource.com/article/20/2/macbook-linux-elementary>) 。作为替代方案。你可能仅仅想分配 CPU 周期到除桌面以外的任何东西上，以便使保持你的主用户界面最小化有意义。不管你的动机是什么，这里有一些你可以尝试的桌面：
* [XFCE][20]: 以很少的性能损失来提供一个熟悉的桌面
* [LXQT and LXDE][21]: 以较少的性能损失来提供一个熟悉的桌面
* [PekWM][22]: 一个方框样式的窗口管理器
* [Joe's Window Manager][23]: 另一个方框样式的窗口管理器
* [Ratpoison][24]: 不使用鼠标
* [Herbstluftwm][25]: 针对 [Vim 用户][26] 的Ratpoison
* [Lumina][27]: 一个为 PC-BSD 开发的桌面
### 实验性桌面
![Unix 桌面环境][28]
当创建一个桌面并将其集成到一个系统中相对容易的时候，会发生一件你将获得有趣的概念和试验下面的证明的事件。有一些会比其它的更完美无缺，有一些则不是很容易安装。这些很可能注定不会是你永久的桌面，但是它们可以是很有趣的体验:
* [Unix Desktop Environment][29]: 一个桌面的再创造桌面
* [Rox][30]: 在它的时代中是一个先进的和现代的桌面
* [MLVWM][31]: 要是 Apple IIe 运行在 Unix 上怎么样?
* [Equinox][32]: 仅最基础的东西
### 选择你的桌面
如果你的选择让你不知所措，那么记住:桌面意味着是 _可选择的_ 。你没有义务来尝试发行版附带的多个桌面。
许多 Linux 的超级用户自己决定他们的发行版的前端的桌面。最重要的事是获取一个可以与你的计算机一起工作的 Linux 系统安装，并花费时间来学习它是如何工作的。归根结底，所有的桌面都注定要做相同的事：帮助你组织和管理你的重要数据。只有你了解了你的桌面是如何工作的，这才是所有最重要的事。但是如果你已经学会了你所需要知道的关于你的默认桌面的一切东西，你现在有大量的选择来在周末尝试。玩得开心!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/5/linux-desktops
作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/linux-penguins.png?itok=yKOpaJM_ (Penguins)
[2]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/advent-gnome.jpg
[3]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/gnome-linux-desktop
[4]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/mate-linux-desktop
[5]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-kde-plasma
[6]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/cinnamon-linux-desktop
[7]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/pantheon-linux-desktop
[8]: https://elementary.io/
[9]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/budgie-linux-desktop
[10]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-trinity-desktop-environment-tde
[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/advent-windowmaker.jpg (Window Maker running on Fedora)
[12]: https://sourceforge.net/projects/cdesktopenv/
[13]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-window-maker-desktop
[14]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-enlightenment-desktop
[15]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/fluxbox-linux-desktop
[16]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/openbox-linux-desktop
[17]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/twm-linux-desktop
[18]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/fvwm-linux-desktop
[19]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/advent-xfce.jpg (XFCE on Mageia Linux in 2019)
[20]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/xfce-linux-desktop
[21]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/lxqt-lxde-linux-desktop
[22]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/pekwm-linux-desktop
[23]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/joes-window-manager-linux-desktop
[24]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/ratpoison-linux-desktop
[25]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/herbstluftwm-linux-desktop
[26]: https://opensource.com/resources/what-vim
[27]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-lumina-desktop
[28]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/advent-ude.jpg (Unix Desktop Environment)
[29]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-unix-desktop-environment-ude
[30]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-rox-desktop
[31]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-mlvwm-desktop
[32]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/ede-linux-desktop