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[#]: subject: "The only Linux command you need to know"
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[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/6/linux-cheat-command"
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[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth"
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[#]: collector: "lkxed"
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[#]: translator: "Donkey"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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The only Linux command you need to know
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======
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The Linux cheat command is a utility to search for and display a list of example tasks you might do with a command.
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![Command line prompt][1]
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Image by: Opensource.com
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Information about Linux and open source abounds on the internet, but when you're entrenched in your work there's often a need for quick documentation. Since the early days of Unix, well before Linux even existed, there's been the `man` (short for "manual") and `info` commands, both of which display official project documentation about commands, configuration files, system calls, and more.
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There's a debate over whether `man` and `info` pages are meant as helpful reminders for users who already know how to use a tool, or an intro for first time users. Either way, both `man` and `info` pages describe tools and how to use them, and rarely address specific tasks and how to accomplish them. It's for that very reason that the `cheat` command was developed.
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For instance, suppose you can't remember how to [unarchive a tar file][2]. The `man` page provides you with all the options you require, but it leaves it up to you to translate this information into a functional command:
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```
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tar -A [OPTIONS] ARCHIVE ARCHIVE
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tar -c [-f ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [FILE...]
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tar -d [-f ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [FILE...]
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tar -t [-f ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [MEMBER...]
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tar -r [-f ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [FILE...]
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tar -u [-f ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [FILE...]
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tar -x [-f ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [MEMBER...]
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```
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That's exactly what some users need, but it confounds other users. The cheat sheet for tar, by contrast, provides complete common commands:
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```
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$ cheat tar
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# To extract an uncompressed archive:
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tar -xvf /path/to/foo.tar
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# To extract a .tar in specified Directory:
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tar -xvf /path/to/foo.tar -C /path/to/destination/
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# To create an uncompressed archive:
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tar -cvf /path/to/foo.tar /path/to/foo/
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# To extract a .tgz or .tar.gz archive:
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tar -xzvf /path/to/foo.tgz
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tar -xzvf /path/to/foo.tar.gz
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[...]
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```
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It's exactly what you need, when you need it.
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### The Linux cheat command
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The `cheat` command is a utility to search for and display a list of example tasks you might do with a Linux command. As with many Unix commands, there are different implementations of the same concept, including one [written in Go][3] and one, which I help maintain, [written in just 100 lines of Bash][4].
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To install the Go version, download [the latest release][5] and put it somewhere in [your path][6], such as `~/.local/bin/` or `/usr/local/bin`. To install the Bash version, download the latest release and run the `install-cheat.sh` script:
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```
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$ sh ./install-cheat.sh
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```
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Or to configure the installation, use [Autotools][7]:
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```
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$ aclocal ; autoconf
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$ automake --add-missing ; autoreconf
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$ ./configure --prefix=$HOME/.local
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$ make
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$ make install
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```
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### Get cheat sheets for your Linux terminal
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Cheat sheets are just plain text files containing common commands. The main collection of cheat sheets is available at [Github.com/cheat/cheatsheets][8]. The Go version of cheat downloads cheatsheets for you when you first run the command. If you're using the Bash version of cheat, the `--fetch` option downloads cheatsheets for you:
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```
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$ cheat --fetch
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```
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As with `man` pages, you can have multiple collections of cheat sheets on your system. The Go version of cheat uses a [YAML][9] config file to define where each collection is located. The Bash version defines the path during the install, and by default downloads the [Github.com/cheat/cheatsheets][10] collection as well as [Opensource.com][11]'s own [Gitlab.com/opensource.com/cheatsheets][12] collection.
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### List cheat sheets
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To list the cheat sheets on your system, use the `--list` option:
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```
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$ cheat --list
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7z
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ab
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acl
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alias
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ansi
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ansible
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ansible-galaxy
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ansible-vault
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apk
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[...]
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```
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### View a Linux cheat sheet
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Viewing a cheat sheet is as easy as viewing a `man` or `info` page. Just provide the name of the command you need help with:
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```
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$ cheat alias
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# To show a list of your current shell aliases:
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alias
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# To alias `ls -l` to `ll`:
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alias ll='ls -l'
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```
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By default, the `cheat` command uses your environment's pager. Your pager is set with the `PAGER` [environment variable][13]. You can override that temporarily by redefining the `PAGER` variable before running the `cheat` command:
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```
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$ PAGER=most cheat less
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```
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If you just want to [cat][14] the cheat sheet into your terminal without a pager, the Bash version has a `--cat` option for convenience:
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```
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$ cheat --cat less
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```
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### It's not actually cheating
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The cheat system cuts to the chase. You don't have to piece together clues about how to use a command. You just follow the examples. Of course, for complex commands, it's not a shortcut for a thorough study of the actual documentation, but for quick reference, it's as fast as it gets.
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You can even create your own cheat sheet just by placing a file in one of the cheat sheet collections. Good news! Because the projects are open source, you can contribute your personal cheat sheets to the GitHub collection. And more good news! When there's a new Opensource.com [cheat sheet][15] release, we'll include a plain text version from now on so you can add that to your collection.
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The command is called `cheat`, but as any Linux user will assure you, it's not actually cheating. It's working smarter, the open source way.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/22/6/linux-cheat-command
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作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
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选题：[lkxed][b]
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译者：[Donkey](https://github.com/Donkey-Hao)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
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[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/command_line_prompt.png
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[2]: https://opensource.com/article/17/7/how-unzip-targz-file
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[3]: https://github.com/cheat/cheat
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[4]: https://gitlab.com/slackermedia/cheat
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[5]: https://github.com/cheat/cheat/releases
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[6]: https://opensource.com/article/17/6/set-path-linux
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[7]: https://opensource.com/article/19/7/introduction-gnu-autotools
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[8]: https://github.com/cheat/cheatsheets
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[9]: https://opensource.com/article/21/9/yaml-cheat-sheet
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[10]: https://github.com/cheat/cheatsheets
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[11]: http://Opensource.com
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[12]: https://gitlab.com/opensource.com/cheatsheets
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[13]: https://opensource.com/article/19/8/what-are-environment-variables
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[14]: https://opensource.com/article/19/2/getting-started-cat-command
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[15]: https://opensource.com/downloads
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@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
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[#]: subject: "The only Linux command you need to know"
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[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/6/linux-cheat-command"
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[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth"
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[#]: collector: "lkxed"
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[#]: translator: "Donkey"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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你只需要知道这个 Linux 命令
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======
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Linux cheat 命令是一个实用程序，可以用来搜索和显示你想要使用的命令的使用示例。
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![Command line prompt][1]
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图片源于：Opensource.com
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互联网上有很多关于 Linux 和开源的信息，但是当你想要深入工作，通常需要快速文档。早在 Linux 出现之前的 Unix 系统中，就有 `man` ('manual' 的缩写) 和 `info` 命令了，二者都会显示官方项目文档中的命令、配置文件、系统调用等。
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关于 `man` 和 `info` 页面是对知晓如何使用工具的用户的有用提醒，还是为初次使用的用户提供介绍存在争议。不管怎样，`man` 和 `info` 页面介绍工具以及如何使用该工具，很少涉及特定任务以及如何完成它们。正是出于这个原因，开发了 `cheat` 命令。
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例如，设想你想不起来如何 [解压 tar 压缩包文件][2] 。`man` 页面会给你展示所有的选项，但需要你将这些信息转换为命令：
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```
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tar -A [OPTIONS] ARCHIVE ARCHIVE
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tar -c [-f ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [FILE...]
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tar -d [-f ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [FILE...]
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tar -t [-f ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [MEMBER...]
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tar -r [-f ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [FILE...]
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tar -u [-f ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [FILE...]
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tar -x [-f ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [MEMBER...]
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```
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这确实是一些用户需要的，但是也使一些用户感到疑惑。相比之下，cheat 命令会罗列常用命令：
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```
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$ cheat tar
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# To extract an uncompressed archive:
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tar -xvf /path/to/foo.tar
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# To extract a .tar in specified Directory:
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tar -xvf /path/to/foo.tar -C /path/to/destination/
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# To create an uncompressed archive:
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tar -cvf /path/to/foo.tar /path/to/foo/
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# To extract a .tgz or .tar.gz archive:
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tar -xzvf /path/to/foo.tgz
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tar -xzvf /path/to/foo.tar.gz
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[...]
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```
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这真是雪中送炭！
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### Linux Cheat 命令
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Linux Cheat 命令是一个实用程序，可以用来搜索和显示你想要使用的命令的使用示例。如大多数 Unix 命令，同一个概念有多种实现方式，包括一个 [使用 Go 编写][3] 的和一个由我帮助维护的 [仅用 100 行 Bash 编写][4] 的两个版本。
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若要安装 Go 版本的，下载 [最新版][5] 并将它放在某个 [路径][6] 中，例如 `~/.local/bin/` 或 `/usr/local/bin` 中。若安装 Bash 版本，下载最新版并运行 `install-cheat.sh` 脚本：
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```
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$ sh ./install-cheat.sh
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```
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如需配置后安装，请使用 [自动工具][7] (Autotools)：
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```
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$ aclocal ; autoconf
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$ automake --add-missing ; autoreconf
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$ ./configure --prefix=$HOME/.local
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$ make
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$ make install
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```
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### 在 Linux 中安装 Cheat 程序
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Cheat 只是包含常用命令的纯文本文件。该程序可以从 [Github.com/cheat/cheatsheets][8] 获得。当你第一次运行命令时，Go 版本会自动为你下载支持列表。如果你使用 Bash 版本，用 `--fetch` 选项可以下载支持列表：
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```
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$ cheat --fetch
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```
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与 `man` 一样，你的系统上可以有多个备忘单集合。 Go 版本的 Cheat 使用 [YAML][9] 配置文件来定义每个集合的位置。Bash 版本在安装过程中定义了路径，默认下载 [Github.com/cheat/cheatsheets][10] 集合以及 [Opensource.com][11] 自己的 [Gitlab.com/opensource.com /cheatsheets][12] 集合。
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### 列出 Cheat 支持项目
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使用 `--list` 选项即可查看 cheat 支持的项目：
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```
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$ cheat --list
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7z
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ab
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acl
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alias
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ansi
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ansible
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ansible-galaxy
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ansible-vault
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apk
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[...]
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```
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### 使用 Cheat 查看 Linux 命令
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使用 cheat 查看命令如同使用 `man` 和 `info` 查看一样简单。只需要输入你需要查询的命令即可：
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```
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$ cheat alias
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# To show a list of your current shell aliases:
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alias
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# To alias `ls -l` to `ll`:
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alias ll='ls -l'
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```
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默认情况下，`cheat` 命令会使用你的[环境变量][13] `PAGER` 。你可以在运行 `cheat` 命令前改写 `PAGER` 变量值，暂时修改环境变量。
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```
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$ PAGER=most cheat less
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```
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如果你只是想在没有 `PAGER` 的情况下将 `cheat` [连接][14] (cat) 到终端里，在 Bash 版中有 `--cat` 选项可以使用：
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```
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$ cheat --cat less
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```
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### 这并不是作弊
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Cheat 系统抓住了要害，你不必拼凑有关如何使用命令的线索，你只需按照示例进行操作即可。当然，对于复杂的命令，它不是深入研究实际文档的捷径，但为了快速参考，它还是可以的。
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甚至你可以通过将文件放入其中一个备忘单集合中，来创建自己的备忘单。好消息是，因为这些项目是开源的，所以你可以将您的个人备忘单贡献给 GitHub 集合。另一个好消息是，当有新的 Opensource.com [备忘单][15] 版本发布时，我们将从现在开始包含纯文本版本，以便你可以将其添加到您的收藏中。
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该命令称为 “作弊”(cheat)，但正如任何 Linux 用户都会向你保证的那样，它实际上并不是作弊。它只是以开源的方式工作得更巧妙。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/22/6/linux-cheat-command
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作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
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选题：[lkxed][b]
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译者：[Donkey](https://github.com/Donkey-Hao)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
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[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/command_line_prompt.png
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[2]: https://opensource.com/article/17/7/how-unzip-targz-file
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[3]: https://github.com/cheat/cheat
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[4]: https://gitlab.com/slackermedia/cheat
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[5]: https://github.com/cheat/cheat/releases
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[6]: https://opensource.com/article/17/6/set-path-linux
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[7]: https://opensource.com/article/19/7/introduction-gnu-autotools
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[8]: https://github.com/cheat/cheatsheets
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[9]: https://opensource.com/article/21/9/yaml-cheat-sheet
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[10]: https://github.com/cheat/cheatsheets
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[11]: http://Opensource.com
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[12]: https://gitlab.com/opensource.com/cheatsheets
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[13]: https://opensource.com/article/19/8/what-are-environment-variables
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[14]: https://opensource.com/article/19/2/getting-started-cat-command
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[15]: https://opensource.com/downloads
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Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user