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20140702-1 选题
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Automotive Grade Linux Released for Open Source Cars
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================================================================================
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> The Linux Foundation and its partners have released the first version of Automotive Grade Linux, the open source platform for use inside connected cars.
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Linux, the open source operating system, shifted gears into a relatively new ecosystem this week with the first release of [Automotive Grade Linux][1] (AGL), a Linux distribution tailored for cars in the Internet of Things age.
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AGL is a collaborative project sponsored by the [Linux Foundation][2] that brings together a host of partners from the automotive industry, communications, computing hardware, academia and other sectors. The first release of the open source operating system, which appeared June 30 and is [available][3] for free online, is based on [Tizen IVI][4], a Linux-based platform designed to provide operating system solutions for a broad range of devices, from smartphones to TVs to cars to laptops.
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In its first release, AGL provides a series of features and applications tailored for deployment in cars and other vehicles, including:
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- Home Screen
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- Dashboard
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- Google Maps
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- HVAC
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- Media Playback
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- News Reader (AppCarousel)
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- Audio Controls
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- Bluetooth Phone
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- Smart Device Link Integration
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The Linux Foundation and its partners participating in the AGL project hope the solution will help to ensure that the "connected" cars of the future use open source software to deliver the next generation of entertainment, navigation and other tools for use inside vehicles. "Openness and collaboration are key to accelerating the development of a common, standard automotive platform so the industry can more quickly achieve its vision of delivering the connected car," said Dan Cauchy, general manager of Automotive, The Linux Foundation.
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Cauchy added that the Linux Foundation expects AGL development to continue steadily following this first release, and that collaborators hope to introduce "a number of additional capabilities and features in subsequent releases."
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://thevarguy.com/open-source-application-software-companies/070114/automotive-grade-linux-released-open-source-cars
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:https://automotive.linuxfoundation.org/
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[2]:http://linuxfoundation.org/
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[3]:http://automotive.linuxfoundation.org/
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[4]:https://www.tizen.org/
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CoreOS Linux ending the upgrade cycle
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================================================================================
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> CoreOS launches commercially supported version of its Linux distribution and vows to do away with manual upgrading
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IDG News Service - Hoping to simplify life for system administrators, CoreOS has launched a commercial Linux distribution that continually updates itself, eliminating the need to perform major upgrades.
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CoreOS is offering its namesake Linux distribution as a commercial service, [starting][1] at $100 a month.
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"Businesses today can begin to think of CoreOS as an extension of their OS team, and for enterprise Linux customers this is the last migration they will ever need," said Alex Polvi, founder and CEO of CoreOS, in a statement.
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Commercial Linux subscriptions are nothing new: Both [Red Hat][2] and [Suse][3] offer commercial subscriptions for their respective distributions.
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Because the applications and libraries these Linux-based companies use are open source and freely available, the cost of the subscriptions doesn't cover the software itself, but rather pays for the updates, bug fixes, integration and technical support for when issues occur.
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CoreOS will be different from these distributions, the company asserted, in that there will be no major updates, which typically require updating all the packages in the distribution at once. Instead, updates and new features will be streamed automatically to the copy of the OS and applied as soon as they are ready.
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The service offers a dashboard, called CoreUpdate, that provides controls for designating which software packages should get updated, should the administrator not want all the packages to be updated automatically.
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CoreUpdate can manage multiple machines at once, and offers a roll-back capability should an update cause issues.
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Launched last December, CoreOS was designed to [focus][4] on an emerging use of the open-source OS kernel -- that of powering lots of cloud-based virtual servers.
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The average CoreOS instance was designed to consume only less than half of what other Linux distributions typically consume. All applications that run on the distribution run in Docker virtualized containers, so they can be started almost instantaneously.
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The distribution can be updated more easily [due to its novel use of two partitions][5]. One can contain the current version of the OS while the OS is being updated in the other, smoothing the process of upgrading a package, or the entire distribution.
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The CoreOS service can be run on-premises, or through Amazon, Google and Rackspace cloud services.
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CoreOS also announced Monday that it received $8 million in backing from the Kleiner Perkins Caulfield and Byers venture capital firm. The company has previously gotten investment from Sequoia Capital and Fuel Capital.
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----------
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Joab Jackson covers enterprise software and general technology breaking news for The IDG News Service. Follow Joab on Twitter at [@Joab_Jackson][6]. Joab's e-mail address is [Joab_Jackson@idg.com][7]
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9249460/CoreOS_Linux_ending_the_upgrade_cycle?taxonomyId=122
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:https://coreos.com/products/managed-linux/plans/
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[2]:http://www.redhat.com/about/subscription/
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[3]:https://www.suse.com/support/programs/subscriptions/
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[4]:http://www.networkworld.com/article/2177120/cloud-computing/coreos-linux-distro-lands-on-the-google-cloud-platform.html
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[5]:https://coreos.com/using-coreos/updates/
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[6]:http://twitter.com/Joab_Jackson
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[7]:Joab_Jackson@idg.com
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Here Are 5 Amazing Ascii Art Generators!
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================================================================================
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ASCII is a very fascinating character-encoding scheme wherein codes represent text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that use text. The next gen might call it old-school but those familiar with the concept know how unique ASCII really is. Here we have compiled a list of 5 amazing ASCII art generators for you.
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### 1.[GlassGiant ASCII Art][1] ###
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This little program converts your picture to ASCII text art - a jumble of letters, numbers and symbols that do not appear to have any significance until you step back and look at the whole picture. It has no practical purpose, other than the neat factor.
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### 2.[ASCII Art Generator][2] ###
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ASCII art is an art movement that utilises computers for presentation and consists of pictures pieced together from printable characters. All you need to do id upload your image and it will convert it to ascii art.
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### 3.[Ascii.mastervb][3] ###
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ASCII Art is created from a 7-bit ASCII characters standard. ASCII Art was popular in 70-80s. In that time, computer OS was still text based. This application can convert images to ascii really quick.
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### 4.[IMG2TXT][4] ###
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This script takes the URL of a GIF, JPG, or PNG image and converts that image into ASCII text or colored HTML.
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### 5.[picascii][5] ###
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Convert a picture into ASCII TEXT,HTML. In order to convert a picture, you just need to enter an url or select a picture from your computer (gif,jpeg,png).
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.efytimes.com/e1/fullnews.asp?edid=142480
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://glassgiant.com/ascii/
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[2]:http://www.ascii-art-generator.org/
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[3]:http://ascii.mastervb.net/
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[4]:http://www.degraeve.com/img2txt.php
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[5]:http://picascii.com/
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83
sources/tech/20140702 Command Line Tuesdays--Part Three.md
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83
sources/tech/20140702 Command Line Tuesdays--Part Three.md
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Command Line Tuesdays – Part Three
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================================================================================
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Today, mr Shotts takes us on a first part of a guided tour through our file system. We’ll learn how to visit, list files within directories and we’ll learn to use some options for the first time. So let’s begin with the first command of the week.
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### ls ###
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ls is a command used to list files in a directory. It can be used in various ways. These various ways come with using a form of adding an **option** to our command. To make things clearer; You can type only ls. But, you can also add an option, which will modify your command. It can come in useful when you want to sandbox some of the information, when looking for something specific, and the command issues a very long output, you can, for example, narrow it down to only specific information.
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That’s what an option is. And formally we can write it down like this:
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command -option argument
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Command is, well, a command we write in (like pwd, ls or anything else we have learned by now).
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We already stated above the purpose of an option. But let me note it should be written exactly as it’s in the form; With a dash in front of it. So, if the option is l, you should put **-l** after the command.
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An **argument** is an object upon which the command operates (in this case, it will be directories, as we’ll learning how to navigate through them).
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So, let’s try out ls, and use it on the /etc directory in our home folder. This time, without any options.
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There you go, a whole bunch of files. It also sorts them by colours. The blue ones are directories, the white ones are files, the green one seems like a shell script of some sort. There are more colors, as they represent different file types.
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Next, you can use the same command, but with an option -l added. Option -l will list the same files and directories, but in a long format. In case you need more information:
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### The Long Format ###
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So, using the long format, you see much more information, and some crazy looking signs like -rw-r–r– at the beginning of all lines. Actually, here’s a scheme, representing what all of the given information actually means.
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File Name is the name of the file. Modification time is the last time the file has been modified. Size is the size of the file in bytes. Group is the name of the group that has file permissions along with the owner, and Owner is the user who owns the file. The most important one is…
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### …File Permissions ###
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That’s the gibberish at the beginning of every line in long format. The first character is the file type. If it’s a ‘d’, it means the file’s a directory. If it’s ‘-’, it means it’s an ordinary file. The next three characters represent the read, write and execution rights of the file’s owner. The next three are the same rights of the group that also has access to the file, and the last three characters represent rights of everyone else trying to use the file.
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So for example, if we have a file which in long format displays: -rw-r–r–, it means it’s an ordinary file (the first ‘-’), the owner of the file can read and write the file, but he can’t execute it, as it’s not an executable file (the ‘rw-’ characters after the initial ‘-’), and the user group and everyone else can only read the file (you can see ‘r–’ sequence repeating twice. If the user group had ‘rwx’ instead of ‘r–’, it would mean they could read, write and execute the file).
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Next option for ls is ls -la .. – this will list all of the files, as in a usual command, hidden files are not shown. It will list all files in the parent of the working directory in long format.
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### less ###
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Less is a command which will display your text file. For example, you’re looking for text file os-release in /etc. You have succesfully found it there with ls /etc, and now you want to read it.
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You just use less /etc/os-release.
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..and there you go.
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How do you control less?
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Easy, with your keyboard!
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less will display only one page of your text at a time. To go forward one page, you can press **Page Up, or ‘b’**. To go back one page, you can use **Page Down, or space**. Capital **G** will take you to the end of the text file, while ‘**1G**‘ will take you to the beginning of the text. **/characters** will search for characters inside the text (for example, if you write /suse, it will search for occurances of suse inside your text and mark them). n will repeat the last search you performed, and **h** will display all your options (h, as in haalp!).
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You quit less with the letter q.
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### file ###
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The file command will show what kind of file is that you’re looking for, be it ASCII text, a jpg image, a bash script etc. As we performed our exercise with /etc/os-release, let’s use it here also.
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There you go, os-release is an ASCII text file. Please, do try it out with something else, and see the output.
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And until next time, remember to…
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…have a lot of fun!
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://news.opensuse.org/2014/07/01/command-line-tuesdays-part-three/
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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How to install Raspberry Pi camera board
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================================================================================
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[The Raspberry Pi camera (Pi Cam) board][1] was first released for sale in May 2013. This first release is equipped with a 5 Megapixel sensor, and connects through a ribbon cable to the CSI connector on the Raspberry Pi. The second release of Raspberry Pi camera board, which is called [Pi NoIR][2], has the same sensor, but without the IR filter. It has capability to see near IR wavelengths (700 - 1000 nm) like a security camera, and of course it is sacrificing the color rendition.
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In this article, we will show you **how to install a Raspberry Pi camera board on [Raspberry Pi][3]**. We will be using the first release of Pi camera board. Once the board is installed, you will use three applications to access the board: raspistill, raspiyuv, and raspivid. The first two apps are used for capturing images, while the third app is for capturing video. The raspistill tool produces standard image files such as .jpg images, but raspiyuv gives us unprocessed raw image files from the camera.
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### Installing the Raspberry Pi Camera Board ###
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To connect the Raspberry Pi camera board to Raspberry Pi, follow these instructions:
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1. Locate the CSI connector (the CSI connector is located near the Ethernet Port), and take off the brown tape.
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2. Pull up the pinch of the CSI port.
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3. Take your Pi Cam module, and remove the plastic protector from the lens. Make sure that the yellow part of the PCB which has sunny word is installed perfectly (just press gently that yellow part to make sure that it's installed perfectly).
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4. Put in the ribbon cable into the CSI port. Remember, the ribbon cable which has blue tape should be facing towards the Ethernet port. Also, make sure that the ribbon is inserted properly, then pull down the pinch.
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Now your Pi Cam is ready to take a picture or a video.
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### Enabling Camera on Raspbian ###
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After installing the Pi Cam module, make sure to update your Raspberry Pi system to get the latest firmware. To do so:
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$ sudo apt-get update
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$ sudo apt-get upgrade
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To activate the Pi Cam module, run the Raspberry Pi configuration tool.
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$ sudo raspi-config
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Navigate to "Enable Camera" in the menu, and make it enabled. Reboot Raspberry Pi if you are done.
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Here is the final picture of Raspberry Pi with Pi Cam module attached.
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### Taking a Picture with Pi Camera ###
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We are ready to use Pi Cam after rebooting Raspberry Pi. To take a picture with Pi Cam, run raspistill from the command line.
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$ raspistill -o keychain.jpg -t 2000
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This command will take a picture in 2000ms, and save it to keychain.jpg. The following is a picture of my small figurehead key chain, taken by Pi Cam.
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The raspiyuv tool works similarly, but the result is a unprocessed raw image from the camera.
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### Taking a Video with Pi Camera ###
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To take a video with Pi camera module, run raspivid tool from command line. The following command will take a video with default options which are 5 seconds length and 1920x1080 resolution with 17Mbps bitrate.
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$ raspivid -o mykeychain.h264
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If you want to change the duration, just set the desired length (in milliseconds) with "-t" option.
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$ raspivid -o mykeychain.h264 -t 10000
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To drop the resolution to 1280x720, use "-w" and "-h" options..
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$ raspivid -o mykeychain.h264 -t 10000 -w 1280 -h 720
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The output of raspivid is a raw H.264 video stream, and doesn't have sound with it. To be able to play with a common video player, the raw H.264 video needs to be converted. Use MP4Box application that comes with gpac package.
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To install gpac on Raspbian, use this command:
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$ sudo apt-get install -y gpac
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Then to convert the raw H.264 video stream into .mp4 format with 30 frames per second:
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$ MP4Box -fps 30 -add keychain.h264 keychain.mp4
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The video length is 10 seconds, and has default resolutions and bitrate. Here is an example video captured by Pi Camera.
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注：youtube视频地址
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<iframe width="615" height="376" frameborder="0" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/3uyR2AVVwAU?version=3&rel=1&fs=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&wmode=transparent" type="text/html" class="youtube-player"></iframe>
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To get the complete command-line options of raspistill, raspiyuv, and raspivid, run the commands without any option.
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----------
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#### [Kristophorus Hadiono][a] ####
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I'm a Linux enthusiast. I use Linux for my daily computing, also when I teach my students. Becoming a good writer is one of my dreams.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/07/install-raspberry-pi-camera-board.html
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://xmodulo.com/go/picam
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[2]:http://xmodulo.com/go/pinoir
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[3]:http://xmodulo.com/go/raspberrypi
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[a]:http://hadiono.org/blog
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