From fd0e5dd4aab816166e66a2dd0afca1878a8c5beb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Wed, 8 Jun 2022 15:17:22 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 01/75] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020220608=20How=20I=20gave=20my=20old=20laptop=20new=20li?= =?UTF-8?q?fe=20with=20the=20Linux=20Xfce=20desktop.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...op new life with the Linux Xfce desktop.md | 96 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 96 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220608 How I gave my old laptop new life with the Linux Xfce desktop.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220608 How I gave my old laptop new life with the Linux Xfce desktop.md b/sources/tech/20220608 How I gave my old laptop new life with the Linux Xfce desktop.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b835faca42 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220608 How I gave my old laptop new life with the Linux Xfce desktop.md @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +[#]: subject: "How I gave my old laptop new life with the Linux Xfce desktop" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/6/linux-xfce-old-laptop" +[#]: author: "Jim Hall https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +How I gave my old laptop new life with the Linux Xfce desktop +====== +While I installed Linux to use my laptop for a few demos at a conference, I found Linux and the Xfce desktop made this old laptop feel quite snappy. + +![Person drinking a hat drink at the computer][1] + +Image by: [Jonas Leupe][2] on [Unsplash][3] + +A few weeks ago, I needed to give a conference presentation that included a brief demonstration of a small app I'd written for Linux. I needed a Linux laptop to bring to the conference, so I dug out an old laptop and installed Linux on it. I used the [Fedora 36 Xfce spin][4], which worked great. + +The laptop I used was purchased in 2012. The 1.70 GHz CPU, 4 GB memory, and 128 GB drive may seem small compared to my current desktop machine, but Linux and the Xfce desktop gave this old machine new life. + +### Xfce desktop for Linux + +The [Xfce desktop][5] is a lightweight desktop that provides a sleek, modern look. The interface is familiar, with a taskbar or “panel” across the top to launch applications, change between virtual desktops, or access notifications in the system tray. The quick access dock at the bottom of the screen lets you launch frequently used applications like the terminal, file manager, and web browser. + +![Image of Xfce desktop][6] + +To start a new application, click the Applications button in the upper-left corner. This opens a menu of application launchers, with the most frequently used applications like the terminal and file manager at the top. Other applications are organized into groups, so you can navigate to the one you want. + +![Image of desktop applications][7] + +### Managing files + +Xfce's file manager is called Thunar, and it does a great job of organizing my files. I like that Thunar can also make connections to remote systems. At home, I use a Raspberry Pi using SSH as a [personal file server][8]. Thunar lets me open an SSH file transfer window so I can copy files between my laptop and the Raspberry Pi. + +![Image of Thunar remote][9] + +Another way to access files and folders is via the quick access dock at the bottom of the screen. Click the folder icon to bring up a menu of common actions such as opening a folder in a terminal window, creating a new folder, or navigating into a specific folder. + +![Image of desktop with open folders][10] + +### Other applications + +I loved exploring the other applications provided in Xfce. The Mousepad text editor looks like a simple text editor, but it contains useful features for editing more than just plain text. Mousepad recognizes many file types that programmers and other power users may appreciate. Check out this partial list of programming languages available in the Document menu. + +![Image of Mousepad file types][11] + +If you prefer a different look and feel, you can adjust the interface options such as font, color scheme, and line numbers using the View menu. + +![Image of Mousepad in color scheme solarized][12] + +The disk utility lets you manage storage devices. While I didn't need to modify my system disk, the disk tool is a great way to initialize or reformat a USB flash drive. I found the interface very easy to use. + +![Image of disk utility][13] + +I was also impressed with the Geany integrated development environment. I was a bit surprised that a full IDE ran so well on an older system. Geany advertises itself as a “powerful, stable and lightweight programmer's text editor that provides tons of useful features without bogging down your workflow.” And that's exactly what Geany provided. + +I started a simple “hello world” program to test out Geany, and was pleased to see that the IDE popped up syntax help as I typed each function name. The pop-up message is unobtrusive and provides just enough syntax information where I need it. While the `printf` function is easy for me to remember, I always forget the order of options to other functions like `fputs` and `realloc`. This is where I need the pop-up syntax help. + +![Image of Geany workspace][14] + +Explore the menus in Xfce to find other applications to make your work easier. You'll find apps to play music, access the terminal, or browse the web. + +While I installed Linux to use my laptop for a few demos at a conference, I found Linux and the Xfce desktop made this old laptop feel quite snappy. The system performed so well that when the conference was over, I decided to keep the laptop around as a second machine. + +I just love working in Xfce and using the apps. Despite the low overhead and minimal approach, I don't feel underpowered. I can do everything I need to do using Xfce and the included apps. If you have an older machine that needs new life, try installing Linux to bring new life to old hardware. + +Image by: (Jim Hall, CC BY-SA 40) + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/6/linux-xfce-old-laptop + +作者：[Jim Hall][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/coffee_tea_laptop_computer_work_desk.png +[2]: https://unsplash.com/@jonasleupe?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText +[3]: https://unsplash.com/s/photos/tea-cup-computer?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText +[4]: https://spins.fedoraproject.org/xfce/download/index.html +[5]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/xfce-linux-desktop +[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-06/Linuxlaptop1.png +[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-06/linuxlaptopDesktopApps.png +[8]: https://opensource.com/article/20/3/personal-file-server-ssh +[9]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-06/LinuxlaptopThunarremote.png +[10]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-06/LinuxlaptopDesk.png +[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-06/LinuxlaptopMousepadfiletype.png +[12]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-06/Linuxlaptopmousepadsolarized.png +[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-06/linuxlaptopdisks.png +[14]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-06/Linuxlaptopgeany.png From 0ccaaa82adae1ebbb75f096a61b6f2c0938e60be Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Wed, 8 Jun 2022 15:23:48 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 02/75] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020220608=20Using=20Ansible=20to=20automate=20software=20?= =?UTF-8?q?installation=20on=20my=20Mac.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...utomate software installation on my Mac.md | 154 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 154 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220608 Using Ansible to automate software installation on my Mac.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220608 Using Ansible to automate software installation on my Mac.md b/sources/tech/20220608 Using Ansible to automate software installation on my Mac.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4427ccb9bd --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220608 Using Ansible to automate software installation on my Mac.md @@ -0,0 +1,154 @@ +[#]: subject: "Using Ansible to automate software installation on my Mac" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/6/install-software-macos-ansible-homebrew" +[#]: author: "Servesha Dudhgaonkar https://opensource.com/users/serveshadudhgaonkar" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Using Ansible to automate software installation on my Mac +====== +In this demo, I install one of my must-have writing tools, Asciidoctor, on macOS using Ansible. + +![Getting started with Perlbrew][1] + +Image by: freephotocc via Pixabay CC0 + +On most systems, there are several ways to install software. Which one you use depends on the source of the application you're installing. Some software comes as a downloadable wizard to walk you through an install process, while others are files you just download and run immediately. + +On macOS, a whole library of open source applications is available from Unix commands like [Homebrew][2] and [MacPorts][3]. The advantage of using commands for software installation is that you can automate them, and my favorite tool for automation is Ansible. Combining Ansible with Homebrew is an efficient and reproducible way to install your favorite open source applications. + +This article demonstrates how to install one of my must-have writing tools, Asciidoctor, on macOS using Ansible. Asciidoctor is an open source text processor, meaning that it takes text written in a specific format (in this case, Asciidoc) and transforms it into other popular formats (such as HTML, PDF, and so on) for publishing. Ansible is an open source, agentless, and easy-to-understand automation tool. By using Ansible, you can simplify and automate your day-to-day tasks. + +Note: While this example uses macOS, the information applies to all kinds of open source software on all platforms compatible with Ansible (including Linux, Windows, Mac, and BSD). + +### Installing Ansible + +You can install Ansible using `pip`, the Python package manager. First, install `pip` : + +``` +$ curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py +$ python ./get-pip.py +``` + +Next, install Ansible using `pip` : + +``` +$ sudo python -m pip install --user ansible +``` + +#### Installing Ansible using Homebrew + +Alternately, you can install Ansible using the [Homebrew package manager][4]. If you've already installed Ansible with `pip`, skip this step because you've already achieved the same result! + +``` +$ brew install ansible +``` + +### Configuring Ansible + +To set up Ansible, you first must create an inventory file specifying which computer or computers you want your Ansible script (called a playbook) to operate on. + +Create an inventory file in a terminal or using your favorite text editor. In a terminal, type the following, replacing `your-host-name` with the name of your computer: + +``` +$ cat << EOF >> inventory +[localhost\] +your-host-name +EOF +``` + +If you don't know your computer's hostname, you can get it using the `hostname` command. Alternately, go to the Apple menu, open System Preferences, then click Sharing. Your computer's hostname is beneath the computer name at the top of Sharing preference pane. + +### Installing Asciidoctor using Ansible + +In this example, I'm only installing applications on the computer I'm working on, which is also known by the term localhost. To start, create a `playbook.yml` file and copy the following content: + +``` +- name: Install software + hosts: localhost + become: false + vars: + Brew_packages: + - asciidoctor + install_homebrew_if_missing: false +``` + +In the first [YAML sequence][5], you name the playbook (`Install software` ), provide the target (`localhost` ), and confirm that administrative privileges are not required. You also create two variables that you can use later in the playbook: `Brew_packages` and`install_homebrew_if_missing`. + +Next, create a YAML mapping called `pre_tasks`, containing the logic to ensure that Homebrew itself is installed on the computer where you're running the playbook. Normally, Ansible can verify whether an application is installed or not, but when that application is the package manager that helps Ansible make that determination in the first place, you have to do it manually: + +``` +pre_tasks: + - name: Ensuring Homebrew Is Installed + stat: + path: /usr/local/bin/brew + register: homebrew_check + + - name: Fail If Homebrew Is Not Installed and install_homebrew_if_missing Is False + fail: + msg: Homebrew is missing, install from http://brew.sh + when: + - not homebrew_check.stat.exists + - not install_homebrew_if_missing + + - name: Installing Homebrew + shell: /usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)" + when: +   - not homebrew_check.stat.exists + - install_homebrew_if_missing +``` + +Finally, create a YAML mapping called `tasks` containing a call to the Homebrew module (it's a built-in module from Ansible) to install Asciidoctor in the event that it's not already present: + +``` +tasks: + - name: Install Asciidoctor + homebrew: + name: asciidoctor + state: present +``` + +### Running an Ansible playbook + +You run an Ansible playbook using the `ansible-playbook` command: + +``` +$ ansible-playbook -i inventory playbook.yml +``` + +The `-i` option specifies the `inventory` file you created when setting up Ansible. You can optionally add `-vvvv` to direct Ansible to be extra verbose when running the playbook, which can be useful when troubleshooting. + +After the playbook has run, verify that Ansible has successfully installed Asciidoctor on your host: + +``` +$ asciidoctor -v +Asciidoctor X.Y.Z https://asciidoctor.org +Runtime Environment (ruby 2.6.8p205 (2021-07-07 revision 67951)... +``` + +### Adapt for automation + +You can add more software to the `Brew_packages` variable in this article's example playbook. As long as there's a Homebrew package available, Ansible installs it. Ansible only takes action when required, so you can leave all the packages you install in the playbook, effectively building a manifest of all the packages you have come to expect on your computer. + +Should you find yourself on a different computer, perhaps because you're at work or you've purchased a new one, you can quickly install all the same applications in one go. Better still, should you switch to Linux, the Ansible playbook is still valid either by using Homebrew for Linux or by making a few simple updates to switch to a different package manager. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/6/install-software-macos-ansible-homebrew + +作者：[Servesha Dudhgaonkar][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/serveshadudhgaonkar +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/coffee_cafe_brew_laptop_desktop.jpg +[2]: https://opensource.com/article/20/6/homebrew-mac +[3]: https://opensource.com/article/20/11/macports +[4]: https://opensource.com/article/20/6/homebrew-mac +[5]: https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/yaml-beginners From e5e57f8b386767d0ca7c75ca0aa69722ac19cf3c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: duoluoxiaosheng <554765662@qq.com> Date: Wed, 8 Jun 2022 15:37:13 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 03/75] =?UTF-8?q?[=E7=94=B3=E9=A2=86=E5=8E=9F=E6=96=87]202?= =?UTF-8?q?20606=206=20Linux=20word=20processors=20you=20need=20to=20try.m?= =?UTF-8?q?d?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../tech/20220606 6 Linux word processors you need to try.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220606 6 Linux word processors you need to try.md b/sources/tech/20220606 6 Linux word processors you need to try.md index 4430ac4f3e..5a6f767f0d 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220606 6 Linux word processors you need to try.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220606 6 Linux word processors you need to try.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/6/word-processors-linux" [#]: author: "Don Watkins https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "duoluoxiaosheng" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From de1434f906bfb0b9ace515edb63338b1f60837ac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Wed, 8 Jun 2022 21:24:46 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 04/75] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020220608=20Rufus=20for=20Linux-=20Here=20Are=20the=20Bes?= =?UTF-8?q?t=20Live=20USB=20Creating=20Tools.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...re Are the Best Live USB Creating Tools.md | 137 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 137 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220608 Rufus for Linux- Here Are the Best Live USB Creating Tools.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220608 Rufus for Linux- Here Are the Best Live USB Creating Tools.md b/sources/tech/20220608 Rufus for Linux- Here Are the Best Live USB Creating Tools.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8b1844b50d --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220608 Rufus for Linux- Here Are the Best Live USB Creating Tools.md @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@ +[#]: subject: "Rufus for Linux? Here Are the Best Live USB Creating Tools" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/live-usb-creator-linux/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Rufus for Linux? Here Are the Best Live USB Creating Tools +====== +Rufus is an open-source utility to create bootable USB drives. It is straightforward to use, with available options to tweak as per your requirements. Not just the ease of use, it is also incredibly fast to make bootable USB drives. + +Unfortunately, Rufus is not available for Linux, it is only exclusive to Windows. So, most of us who have used it on Windows, look for Rufus alternatives on Linux. + +If you are in the same boat, fret not, we have some excellent alternatives for various use-cases. + +Let us explore some Rufus alternatives for Linux: + +### 6 Best Live USB Creation Tools for Linux + +All the options listed are entirely open-source and work perfectly fine with Linux distributions. + +**Note:** *The list is in no particular order of ranking.* + +#### 1. BalenaEtcher + +![balena etcher 2022][1] + +BalenaEtcher or Etcher is a good option for multiple platforms (Windows, macOS), including Linux users. + +You do not get any advanced options here. Hence, it is pleasantly easy to use. Simply select the ISO (image file) and proceed to flash it on the target USB drive. + +It is completely open-source and validates your drive after the process. Furthermore, it auto-selects connected USB drives to avoid choosing any hard disk if you accidentally wipe it. + +You can refer to our [handy guide][2] to install it on Linux. + +[BalenaEtcher][3] + +#### 2. Fedora Media Writer + +![fedora media writer][4] + +Fedora Media Writer is particularly known to help you create live USB for Fedora Linux distribution. It can download the ISO file for you if you do not have it already. + +It is also an excellent utility to fix your USB drive if you cannot format it for an issue caused by other bootable USB creation tools. + +Fret not, you can also select a custom image (apart from Fedora Linux) to create a bootable USB. + +You can find the [Flatpak][5] package on Flathub for the latest version on any Linux distribution. Refer to our [Flatpak guide][6] if you’re new to this. + +[Fedora Media Writer][7] + +#### 3. Startup Disk Creator + +![startup disk creator][8] + +If you are using Ubuntu on your system, you already have a bootable USB creator pre-installed, i.e., Startup Disk Creator. + +You can use it to select the desired ISO file (preferably any Ubuntu version) and choose the target USB device to proceed. + +Once you confirm the action, it will proceed with writing the data to complete the bootable drive. + +#### 4. SUSE Studio Imagewriter + +![imagewriter suse][9] + +SUSE Studio Imagewriter is a simple live USB creator. + +I did not find it in the software center for Ubuntu, but it was available in the community repositories (Manjaro) and AUR. So, you can take a look at it if it is available for your Linux distribution. + +[SUSE Studio Imagewriter][10] + +#### 5. UNetbootin + +![unetbootin][11] + +UNetbootin is a live USB creator that supports Linux, Windows, and macOS. You get a few options to tweak, in case you want to explore all the available drives, and can also select a distribution to download the ISO file automatically. + +It is not specific for any Linux distribution, unlike some options above. So, it supports a wide variety of distributions and system utilities. + +[UNetbootin][12] + +#### 6. Ventoy + +![ventoy screenshot 2022][13] + +Ventoy is an interesting bootable USB solution that lets you simply copy-paste the image to create a live USB drive. + +You only have to install Ventoy to the USB drive, which makes two separate partitions. One of the partitions is used to store ISO images that you can simply paste into the USB drive to make it bootable. + +Interestingly, you can also use it to [create multiboot USB][14]. + +It is available for Windows and Linux. + +[Ventoy][15] + +### Wrapping Up + +Ventoy seems like an exciting choice among the options above if you need multiple Linux distributions on your USB drive without needing to repeatedly flash it. + +For simplicity, distro-specific tools can be a good pick, like Startup Disk Creator for Ubuntu, and Fedora Image Writer for Fedora Linux. + +SUSE Image Studio is an interesting option, but may not be the most convenient one. + +If you do not have any specific preferences, BalenaEtcher should be a straightforward option, with UNetbootin as a suitable alternative to it. + +What do you prefer to create a bootable USB drive? Let me know your thoughts in the comments below. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/live-usb-creator-linux/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/balena-etcher-2022-800x537.png +[2]: https://itsfoss.com/install-etcher-linux/ +[3]: https://www.balena.io/etcher/ +[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/fedora-media-writer.png +[5]: https://itsfoss.com/what-is-flatpak/ +[6]: https://itsfoss.com/flatpak-guide/ +[7]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.fedoraproject.MediaWriter +[8]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/startup-disk-creator.png +[9]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/imagewriter-suse.png +[10]: https://software.opensuse.org/package/imagewriter +[11]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/unetbootin.png +[12]: https://unetbootin.github.io/ +[13]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/ventoy-screenshot-2022.png +[14]: https://itsfoss.com/multiple-linux-one-usb/ +[15]: https://www.ventoy.net/ From 9f6a2f58b2780a54dcf405a9e4a8842aafccb3bb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Wed, 8 Jun 2022 21:30:53 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 05/75] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020220608=20WiFi=206=20Promises=20Much=20More=20than=20Fa?= =?UTF-8?q?ster=20Speeds.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...6 Promises Much More than Faster Speeds.md | 95 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 95 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220608 WiFi 6 Promises Much More than Faster Speeds.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220608 WiFi 6 Promises Much More than Faster Speeds.md b/sources/tech/20220608 WiFi 6 Promises Much More than Faster Speeds.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ba0801c1a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220608 WiFi 6 Promises Much More than Faster Speeds.md @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +[#]: subject: "WiFi 6 Promises Much More than Faster Speeds" +[#]: via: "https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/06/wifi-6-promises-much-more-than-faster-speeds/" +[#]: author: "Sharon Katta https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/sharon-katta/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +WiFi 6 Promises Much More than Faster Speeds +====== +WiFi 6 increases the network connectivity, and has been developed to ensure the trillions of devices connected in the near future continue to work seamlessly and efficiently. Though it was certified in 2019, it faced a few challenges in testing due to the pandemic. This article gives an overview of this technology. + +![WiFi-6][1] + +The next-generation standard in WiFi technology, termed ‘WiFi 6’, is also known as ‘AX WiFi’ or ‘802.11ax’. Developed to meet the exponential increase in demand for devices in the world, it can be used for virtual reality (VR) and smart home devices as well. It is an improvement on the current 802.11ac WiFi standard and meets current challenges in terms of capacity, efficiency, coverage and performance. + +![Figure 1: WiFi 6][2] + +Researched in 2014, this standard was invented in 2018 and launched by the IEEE High Efficiency WLAN Study Group (HEW SG). It began certifications in late 2019, with Samsung’s Galaxy Note 10 and Ruckus R750 employing this technology. Specified to operate between the 1GHz and 6GHz bands, WiFi 6 focuses mainly between the 2.4GHz and 5GHz frequencies. + +In an average household today, nine devices are connected to WiFi. WiFi 6 aims at improving the network rather than boosting the speed for individual devices. + +### Features of WiFi 6 + +**Multi-user, multi-input, multi-output (MU-MIMO):** This communication between routers and multiple devices concurrently. It supports four simultaneous data streams, added to which one user can have a considerable bandwidth of incoming data from a smart router, both on the 2.4GHz and 5GHz frequencies. +**1024-QAM:** This helps WiFi 6 encode more bits per packet. There is a 25 per cent increase in throughput. Not only does it improve efficiency in high-traffic situations, it also maximises data rates. This is a huge advantage for modern enterprise applications. +**Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM):** This allows four times as many subcarriers and increases speed by 11 per cent. The expanded signal allows for greater simultaneous packet delivery across users. Hence, the wait time between packets and latency is reduced. +*Increased channel width:* The 160MHz channel communication is added to the 80MHz band, thus doubling the channel width. This allows routers to handle more users and provide larger streams per user. +*Target wake time (TWT):* This feature is unique to WiFi 6. It allows each device to independently negotiate wake time for transmission and reception. This helps to increase total sleep time and maximise battery life. TWT enables many additional networking options, especially for IoT devices. +*Improved security:* All WiFi 6 devices will need to include Wi-Fi Protected Access 3 (WPA3). This will lead to encryption of unauthenticated traffic, robust password protection against brute-force dictionary attacks, and superior data reliability for sensitive information with 192-bit encryption. +*Beamforming:* With eight support antennas, beamforming helps to improve data rates, and the range is extended by directing signals towards specific clients at once. It offers a backup for rapidly moving devices that may face issues with MU-MIMO. Beamforming also helps to control transmissions from antennas that cause signals to interfere on purpose. The signal can then be redirected to a new direction. + +### Devices that support WiFi 6 + +Until recently, WiFi 5 was the standard used for routers, repeaters, mesh networks and many WiFi clients. WiFi 6 was launched in 2019. There will be some compatibility issues for the earlier devices that supported WiFi 5 — they will be able to utilise the WiFi 6 network but not be able to receive support for the same. + +WiFi 6 routers are backward-compatible, and it is better to make sure that the network is ready for that. + +WiFi 6 enables lower battery consumption, making it a great choice for any environment, including the Internet of Things (IoT). It reduces unnecessary data activity, and tells devices when to put their data to sleep and when to be active. As a result, unnecessary data activity is reduced, and performance and battery life are maximised. + +The Samsung Galaxy Note 10 and Ruckus R750 were the world’s first smartphone and access point certified to support Wi-Fi 6, with the latest generation of the Apple iPhone following suit. The Wi-Fi Alliance has set up its certification programme, and new wireless products hitting the market are expected to start applying for compliance certification. The devices listed below are already WiFi 6 enabled: + +* iPhone 11 and after +* Samsung Galaxy S10, S20, Note 10, and Note 20 +* Apple computers with M1 processors +* Smart TVs + +> To take advantage of the improvements in the 802.11ax standard fully, both hardware and software functionalities have to be built on this WiFi technology. + +### Hardware testing + +To unlock the full potential of the latest devices, a WiFi 6 router is needed to run the network. This was an expensive affair a few years ago, but now we have a number of options even for mesh systems, gaming routers, range extenders, and more. The best purchase can be made only when hands-on testing is done. Beating all its competitors, the current king in terms of speed for WiFi 6 routers is TP-Link Archer AX6000. This router was able to transmit data wirelessly at a rate of 1523 Mbps up to a distance of 1.5 metres (5 feet). + +One important thing to remember here is that these routers do not magically increase speeds. The theoretical maximum of achieving 9.6 Gbps is unlikely. This high theoretical speed can be split up across a whole network of devices. + +WiFi 6 emphasises quality connectivity in areas where connected devices are densely populated. It does not increase the speed of each device exponentially but ensures these operate at an optimum level. + +Only the combination of a faster plan from the Internet service providers (ISPs) along with the WiFi 6 router, can fulfil its true potential. The real challenge is for the ISPs, as they need new fibre rollouts to capitalise on this next-gen technology. An important question is: when faster ISP speeds come, will the existing hardware become redundant? + +### Applications of WiFi 6 + +**Large public venues (LPVs):** Stadiums and convention centres are a few of the common areas where thousands of devices connect to WiFi at the same time. WiFi 6 can help to improve attendee experiences, increase customer interactions, and create value-added services like viewing instant replays or ordering food from one’s seat at an event. WiFi 6 allows LPV owners to create new business opportunities. +**Transport hubs:** Public transport stations are also an area where people attempt to connect to the network simultaneously. OFDMA and BSS colouring in WiFi 6 provide the necessary tools needed to overcome this challenge. +**IoT and smart city deployments:** Power efficiencies in WiFi 6 enable IoT devices to go into sleep mode and turn on their transmitters at predefined intervals to prolong field time without much maintenance. +**Education:** Libraries, auditoriums, and lecture halls at college and university campuses have the highest density of WiFi users during the day, and almost no one at night. WiFi 6 is a perfect choice in this situation. + +### The challenges + +WiFi 6 does not promise an increase in speed, but is an upgrade designed to make sure the speeds of our devices within a given range/area doesn’t slow down a few years down the road. There are three major challenges it faces though, which are often overlooked. +Improving the functionality of unsupported devices: Even though WiFi 6 is backward- compatible, justice to it can only be done when this technology is used to the maximum. This means devices need to be upgraded each time. + +Speed and performance outside the internal network: WiFi 6 can provide excellent connectivity for services like cloud file shares. However, the assets and resources of ISPs can affect speed and performance. + +*Coverage issues:* Transmission and bandwidths are capped according to the regulations prevalent in each country. Hence, the coverage of WiFi 6 may be restricted to ensure this cap is met. + +In spite of these challenges, companies like Aruba, Asus, AT&T, Boingo, Broadcom, Cisco, Comcast, CommScope, Cypress, Extreme Networks, Intel, Netgear, Orange, Qualcomm, TP-Link and Xiaomi are all focusing on the potential WiFi 6 has. + +（LCTT 译注：选题删除了原文中的相关产品推荐部分。） + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/06/wifi-6-promises-much-more-than-faster-speeds/ + +作者：[Sharon Katta][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/sharon-katta/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/WiFi-6.jpg +[2]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/WiFi-6-1.jpg From b5db1e0a8fd97836286c8a66378054ad8828d357 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Thu, 9 Jun 2022 08:37:15 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 06/75] translated --- ... That Just Plays Music and Nothing Else.md | 110 ------------------ ... That Just Plays Music and Nothing Else.md | 110 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 110 insertions(+), 110 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20220606 Amberol is a Stunning Looking Music Player for Linux That Just Plays Music and Nothing Else.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20220606 Amberol is a Stunning Looking Music Player for Linux That Just Plays Music and Nothing Else.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220606 Amberol is a Stunning Looking Music Player for Linux That Just Plays Music and Nothing Else.md b/sources/tech/20220606 Amberol is a Stunning Looking Music Player for Linux That Just Plays Music and Nothing Else.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5c2aa21088..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220606 Amberol is a Stunning Looking Music Player for Linux That Just Plays Music and Nothing Else.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,110 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Amberol is a Stunning Looking Music Player for Linux That Just Plays Music and Nothing Else" -[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/amberol-music-player/" -[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Amberol is a Stunning Looking Music Player for Linux That Just Plays Music and Nothing Else -====== -Though the world of music is dominated by streaming services, it has not discouraged developers from creating music players for desktop computers. - -Recently, I came across a beautiful looking new music player for the Linux desktop. It’s called Amberol and I was awestruck by its beauty. - -![amberol music player interface][1] - -Looks good, no? Let’s take a closer look at it. - -### Amberol, the cute looking music player for Linux - -Looking good is one of the two (or few) things it does. The other thing is playing music. - -And that’s about it. [Amberol][2] doesn’t have additional fancy (and useful) features like album art generation, metadata editing, lyrics display or playlists and library management. - -It’s not like these features will be added in future releases. Amberol just wants to play music. That’s it. - -#### The stunning UI - -Amberol is written in Rust and GTK like most new GNOME applications. - -It has an adaptive UI that changes color based on the album color you are playing. The gradient effect gives it a modern, sleek look that would surely be part of your Linux ricing screenshots. - -![amberol music player][3] - -Since the UI does not have the traditional handlebar and menu, it gives the application a unified look. - -#### Playlists - -It generates a playlist automatically from the files present in the folder you add. It is displayed in the lefthand sidebar. - -![amberol playlist][4] - -You can see how long the entire playlist will play the music in the top left corner. Clicking on the ‘correct sign’ allows you to select songs and remove them from the playlist. - -If you want, you can hide the playlist sidebar. - -![amberol without playlist][5] - -#### Music playing options - -You can see the progress of the songs on the interface. The player integrates well with the media control buttons on the keyboard. You can play/pause and change tracks with the dedicated media keys (if you have it on your system). - -Amberol does give you a few more options for playing the music. You can turn on the shuffle to play music in random order. You may also put a song on repeat and keep on playing it till you get bored of it. - -![amberol music playing options][6] - -The handlebar menu at the bottom gives you the option to add a file or folder and show available keyboard shortcuts. - -![amberol keyboard shortcuts][7] - -You may also disable the UI color changing to match the album art from here. - -### Installing Amberol on Linux - -Amberol is [available as Flatpak][8]. Please ensure that [your system has Flatpak support enabled][9]. - -To install Amberol, open a terminal and use the following command: - -``` -flatpak install flathub io.bassi.Amberol -``` - -Once installed search for the application in the menu and start from here. - -On the first run, it asks you to add music files or folders. You can also drag and drop files. - -![amberol first run][10] - -### Conclusion - -Personally, I prefer streaming services because I don’t have a good collection of local music. But I know there are people who have/had a huge collection of CDs that are now saved on the hard disk. - -Amberol is a beautiful-looking application and it is good enough for playing local music. The main attraction is the adaptive UI based on the album art. - -I let you play with it and share your experience in the comment section. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://itsfoss.com/amberol-music-player/ - -作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/amberol-music-player-interface-800x693.png -[2]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/io.bassi.Amberol/ -[3]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/amberol-music-player-800x580.png -[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Amberol-playlist-800x548.png -[5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/amberol-without-playlist-800x693.png -[6]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Amberol-music-playing-options-800x548.png -[7]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Amberol-keyboard-shortcuts-800x528.png -[8]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/io.bassi.Amberol -[9]: https://itsfoss.com/flatpak-guide/ -[10]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/amberol-first-run-800x693.png diff --git a/translated/tech/20220606 Amberol is a Stunning Looking Music Player for Linux That Just Plays Music and Nothing Else.md b/translated/tech/20220606 Amberol is a Stunning Looking Music Player for Linux That Just Plays Music and Nothing Else.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..772796fee7 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220606 Amberol is a Stunning Looking Music Player for Linux That Just Plays Music and Nothing Else.md @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ +[#]: subject: "Amberol is a Stunning Looking Music Player for Linux That Just Plays Music and Nothing Else" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/amberol-music-player/" +[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "geekpi" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Amberol 是一款外观漂亮的 Linux 音乐播放器，只播放音乐，不做其他事情 +====== +虽然音乐世界被流媒体服务所主导，但这并没有阻止开发者为桌面电脑创建音乐播放器。 + +最近，我发现了一个外观漂亮的新的 Linux 桌面音乐播放器。它名为 Amberol，我被它的美丽所震撼了。 + +![amberol music player interface][1] + +看起来不错，不是吗？让我们仔细看看它。 + +### Amberol，Linux 上的可爱的音乐播放器 + +看起来不错是它所做的两件（或几件）事情中的一件。另一件事是播放音乐。 + +这就是它。[Amberol][2] 没有额外的花哨（和有用）的功能，如生成专辑封面、元数据编辑、歌词显示或播放列表和库管理。 + +这些功能也不像会在未来的版本中加入。Amberol 只想播放音乐。就是这样。 + +#### 令人惊叹的用户界面 + +Amberol 和大多数新的 GNOME 应用一样，是用 Rust 和 GTK 编写的。 + +它有一个自适应的用户界面，可以根据你正在播放的专辑颜色来改变颜色。渐变效果给了它一个现代、时尚的外观，肯定会成为你的 Linux rice 截图的一部分。 + +![amberol music player][3] + +由于 UI 没有传统的手柄和菜单，它给应用一个统一的外观。 + +#### 播放列表 + +它从你添加的文件夹中存在的文件自动生成一个播放列表。它显示在左手边的侧边栏。 + +![amberol playlist][4] + +你可以在左上角看到整个播放列表将播放多长时间的音乐。点击“勾选符号”，你可以选择歌曲，并从播放列表中删除它们。 + +如果你愿意，你可以隐藏播放列表的侧边栏。 + +![amberol without playlist][5] + +#### 音乐播放选项 + +你可以在界面上看到歌曲的进度。该播放器与键盘上的媒体控制按钮整合得很好。你可以用专用的媒体键播放/暂停和改变曲目（如果你的系统上有）。 + +Amberol 为你提供了一些播放音乐的选项。你可以打开随机播放功能，按随机顺序播放音乐。你也可以把一首歌放在重复的位置，一直播放，直到你厌倦它。 + +![amberol music playing options][6] + +底部的手柄菜单让你可以选择添加文件或文件夹，并显示可用的键盘快捷方式。 + +![amberol keyboard shortcuts][7] + +你也可以从这里禁用 UI 颜色变化以配合专辑封面。 + +### 在 Linux 上安装 Amberol + +Amberol 是[以 Flatpak 形式提供][8]。请确保[你的系统已启用 Flatpak 支持][9]。 + +要安装 Amberol，请打开终端并使用以下命令： + +``` +flatpak install flathub io.bassi.Amberol +``` + +安装完毕后，在菜单中搜索该应用，并点击启动。 + +第一次运行时，它会要求你添加音乐文件或文件夹。你也可以拖放文件。 + +![amberol first run][10] + +### 总结 + +就个人而言，我更喜欢流媒体服务，因为我没有一个很好的本地音乐收藏。但我知道有的人有/有大量的 CD 收藏，现在都保存在硬盘上。 + +Amberol 是一个外观漂亮的应用，对于播放本地音乐来说，它足够好。最吸引人的是基于专辑封面的自适应用户界面。 + +我请你试试它，并在评论区分享你的经验。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/amberol-music-player/ + +作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/amberol-music-player-interface-800x693.png +[2]: https://apps.gnome.org/app/io.bassi.Amberol/ +[3]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/amberol-music-player-800x580.png +[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Amberol-playlist-800x548.png +[5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/amberol-without-playlist-800x693.png +[6]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Amberol-music-playing-options-800x548.png +[7]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Amberol-keyboard-shortcuts-800x528.png +[8]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/io.bassi.Amberol +[9]: https://itsfoss.com/flatpak-guide/ +[10]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/amberol-first-run-800x693.png From 041b32ae2f936991eeb96be61b6b8800612a8cd2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Thu, 9 Jun 2022 08:38:57 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 07/75] translating --- ...607 How to Boot Ubuntu 22.04 into Rescue - Emergency Mode.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220607 How to Boot Ubuntu 22.04 into Rescue - Emergency Mode.md b/sources/tech/20220607 How to Boot Ubuntu 22.04 into Rescue - Emergency Mode.md index fdec52f3de..70ff4e6105 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220607 How to Boot Ubuntu 22.04 into Rescue - Emergency Mode.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220607 How to Boot Ubuntu 22.04 into Rescue - Emergency Mode.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://www.linuxtechi.com/boot-ubuntu-22-04-rescue-emergency-mode/" [#]: author: "Pradeep Kumar https://www.linuxtechi.com/author/pradeep/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "geekpi" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From 328052580dfde2c1cee8fca76d747d1c55ae8047 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Thu, 9 Jun 2022 08:52:45 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 08/75] RP @geekpi https://linux.cn/article-14689-1.html --- ...hine Learning Model to Make Predictions.md | 28 +++++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20220530 Using a Machine Learning Model to Make Predictions.md (74%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20220530 Using a Machine Learning Model to Make Predictions.md b/published/20220530 Using a Machine Learning Model to Make Predictions.md similarity index 74% rename from translated/tech/20220530 Using a Machine Learning Model to Make Predictions.md rename to published/20220530 Using a Machine Learning Model to Make Predictions.md index 94a7feb229..7fb0ad690d 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20220530 Using a Machine Learning Model to Make Predictions.md +++ b/published/20220530 Using a Machine Learning Model to Make Predictions.md @@ -3,13 +3,16 @@ [#]: author: "Jishnu Saurav Mittapalli https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/jishnu-saurav-mittapalli/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14689-1.html" -使用机器学习模型进行预测 +机器学习：使用 Python 进行预测 ====== -机器学习基本上是人工智能的一个子集，它使用以前存在的数据对新数据进行预测。当然，现在我们所有人都知道这个道理了！这篇文章展示了如何将 Python 中开发的机器学习模型作为 Java 代码的一部分来进行预测。 + +> 机器学习基本上是人工智能的一个子集，它使用以前存在的数据对新数据进行预测。 + +当然，现在我们所有人都知道这个道理了！这篇文章展示了如何将 Python 中开发的机器学习模型作为 Java 代码的一部分来进行预测。 ![Machine-learning][1] @@ -28,14 +31,15 @@ import matplotlib.pyplot as plt ``` from google.colab import files uploaded = files.upload() -for fn in uploaded.keys(): print(‘User uploaded file “{name}” with length {length} bytes’.format( -name=fn, length=len(uploaded[fn]))) -Choose files No file chosen +for fn in uploaded.keys(): + print('User uploaded file "{name}" with length {length} bytes'.format(name=fn, length=len(uploaded[fn]))) ``` -只有在当前浏览器会话中执行了该单元格时，上传部件才可用。请重新运行此单元，上传文件 *“Hoppers Crossing-Hourly-River-Level.csv”*，大小 2207036 字节。 +如果没有选择文件的话，选择上传的文件。 -完成后，我们就可以使用 *sklearn 库*来训练我们的模型。为此，我们首先需要导入该库和算法模型，如图 1 所示。 +只有在当前浏览器会话中执行了该单元格时，上传部件才可用。请重新运行此单元，上传文件 `Hoppers Crossing-Hourly-River-Level.csv`，大小 2207036 字节。 + +完成后，我们就可以使用 `sklearn` 库来训练我们的模型。为此，我们首先需要导入该库和算法模型，如图 1 所示。 ![Figure 1: Training the model][2] @@ -51,7 +55,7 @@ regressor.fit(X_train, y_train) ### 在 Java 中使用 ML 模型 -我们现在需要做的是把 ML 模型转换成一个可以被 Java 程序使用的模型。有一个叫做 sklearn2pmml 的库可以帮助我们做到这一点： +我们现在需要做的是把 ML 模型转换成一个可以被 Java 程序使用的模型。有一个叫做 `sklearn2pmml` 的库可以帮助我们做到这一点： ``` # Install the library @@ -75,7 +79,7 @@ via: https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/05/using-a-machine-learning-model-to-ma 作者：[Jishnu Saurav Mittapalli][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From ed3feb863324d2c44a46288c0359d6916f2ae25b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Peaksol <1244050218@qq.com> Date: Thu, 9 Jun 2022 09:43:16 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 09/75] moved to `translated` --- ...res! 25 Fun Things You Can Do With DuckDuckGo Search Engine.md | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename {sources => translated}/tech/20220514 Hidden Features! 25 Fun Things You Can Do With DuckDuckGo Search Engine.md (100%) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220514 Hidden Features! 25 Fun Things You Can Do With DuckDuckGo Search Engine.md b/translated/tech/20220514 Hidden Features! 25 Fun Things You Can Do With DuckDuckGo Search Engine.md similarity index 100% rename from sources/tech/20220514 Hidden Features! 25 Fun Things You Can Do With DuckDuckGo Search Engine.md rename to translated/tech/20220514 Hidden Features! 25 Fun Things You Can Do With DuckDuckGo Search Engine.md From 944a4fe251d9be567f3419364df90323a281070d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Thu, 9 Jun 2022 09:47:26 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 10/75] RP @geekpi https://linux.cn/article-14690-1.html --- ... linking libraries while compiling code.md | 34 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20220530 Dynamically linking libraries while compiling code.md (67%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20220530 Dynamically linking libraries while compiling code.md b/published/20220530 Dynamically linking libraries while compiling code.md similarity index 67% rename from translated/tech/20220530 Dynamically linking libraries while compiling code.md rename to published/20220530 Dynamically linking libraries while compiling code.md index b9f2239cfc..200b9a7fda 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20220530 Dynamically linking libraries while compiling code.md +++ b/published/20220530 Dynamically linking libraries while compiling code.md @@ -3,19 +3,18 @@ [#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" [#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14690-1.html" -编译代码时动态链接库 +编译代码时动态地链接库 ====== -编译软件在你如何运行你的系统方面给你很大的灵活性。LD_LIBRARY_PATH 变量，以及 GCC 的 -L 和 -l 选项，是这种灵活性的组成部分。 -![women programming][1] +![](https://linux.cn/article-14690-1.html) -图片提供：WOCinTech Chat。由 Opensource.com 修改。CC BY-SA 4.0 +> 编译软件在你如何运行你的系统方面给你很大的灵活性。`LD_LIBRARY_PATH` 变量，以及 GCC 的 `-L` 和 `-l` 选项，是这种灵活性的组成部分。 -编译软件是开发者经常做的事情，在开源中，一些用户甚至选择自己动手。Linux 播客 Dann Washko 称源码为“通用包格式”，因为它包含了使一个应用在任何平台上运行所需的所有组件。当然，并不是所有的源码都是为所有的系统编写的，所以它只是在目标系统的子集内是“通用”的，但问题是，源码是非常灵活的。有了开源，你可以决定代码的编译和运行方式。 +编译软件是开发者经常做的事情，在开源世界中，一些用户甚至选择自己动手。Linux 播客 Dann Washko 称源码为“通用包格式”，因为它包含了使一个应用在任何平台上运行所需的所有组件。当然，并不是所有的源码都是为所有的系统编写的，所以它只是在目标系统的子集内是“通用”的，但问题是，源码是非常灵活的。有了开源，你可以决定代码的编译和运行方式。 当你在编译代码时，你通常要处理多个源文件。开发人员倾向于将不同的类或模块放在不同的文件中，这样它们可以被单独维护，甚至可能被不同的项目使用。但当你编译这些文件时，许多文件会被编译成一个可执行文件。 @@ -23,12 +22,12 @@ ### 在编译过程中定位一个共享对象 -当你[用 GCC 编译][2]时，你通常需要在你的工作站上安装一个库，以便 GCC 能够定位到它。默认情况下，GCC 假定库在系统库路径中，例如 `/lib64` 和 `/usr/lib64`。然而，如果你要链接到一个你自己的尚未安装的库，或者你需要链接到一个没有安装在标准位置的库，那么你必须帮助 GCC 找到这些文件。 +当你 [用 GCC 编译][2] 时，你通常需要在你的工作站上安装一个库，以便 GCC 能够定位到它。默认情况下，GCC 假定库在系统库路径中，例如 `/lib64` 和 `/usr/lib64`。然而，如果你要链接到一个你自己的尚未安装的库，或者你需要链接到一个没有安装在标准位置的库，那么你必须帮助 GCC 找到这些文件。 有两个选项对于在 GCC 中寻找库很重要： -* -L（大写字母 L）在 GCC 的搜索位置上增加一个额外的库路径。 -* -l（小写字母 L）设置你要链接的库的名字。 +* `-L`（大写字母 L）在 GCC 的搜索位置上增加一个额外的库路径。 +* `-l`（小写字母 L）设置你要链接的库的名字。 例如，假设你写了一个叫做 `libexample.so` 的库，并且你想在编译你的应用 `demo.c` 时使用它。首先，从 `demo.c` 创建一个对象文件： @@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ $ gcc -I ./include -c src/demo.c ``` -`-I` 选项在 GCC 搜索头文件的路径中增加了一个目录。在这个例子中，我假设自定义头文件在一个名为 `include` 的本地目录中。`-c` 选项防止 GCC 运行链接器，因为这个任务只是为了创建一个对象文件。而这正是所发生的： +`-I` 选项在 GCC 搜索头文件的路径中增加了一个目录。在这个例子中，我假设自定义头文件在一个名为 `include` 的本地目录中。`-c` 选项防止 GCC 运行链接器，因为这个任务只是为了创建一个对象文件。结果如下： ``` $ ls @@ -70,11 +69,11 @@ $ ldd ./myDemo /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f514b839000) ``` -你已经知道`libexample` 不能被定位，但 `ldd` 输出至少确认了对*工作*库的期望。例如，`libc.so.6 `已经被定位，`ldd` 显示其完整路径。 +你已经知道定位不到 `libexample`，但 `ldd` 输出至少确认了它对*工作*库的期望位置。例如，`libc.so.6 `已经被定位，`ldd` 显示其完整路径。 ### LD_LIBRARY_PATH -`LD_LIBRARY_PATH` [环境变量][3]定义了库的路径。如果你正在运行一个依赖于没有安装到标准目录的库的应用程，你可以使用 `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` 添加到系统的库搜索路径。 +`LD_LIBRARY_PATH` [环境变量][3] 定义了库的路径。如果你正在运行一个依赖于没有安装到标准目录的库的应用程，你可以使用 `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` 添加到系统的库搜索路径。 有几种设置环境变量的方法，但最灵活的是在运行命令前放置环境变量。看看设置 `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` 对 `ldd` 命令在分析一个“损坏”的可执行文件时的作用： @@ -112,9 +111,8 @@ hello world! 在大多数情况下，`LD_LIBRARY_PATH` 不是你需要设置的变量。按照设计，库安装到 `/usr/lib64` 中，因此应用自然会在其中搜索所需的库。在两种情况下，你可能需要使用 `LD_LIBRARY_PATH`： -* 你正在编译的软件需要链接到本身刚刚编译但尚未安装的库。好的构建系统，例如 [Autotools][4] 和 [CMake][5]，可以帮助处理这个问题。 - -* 你正在使用设计为在单个目录之外运行的软件，没有安装脚本或将库放置在非标准目录中的安装脚本。一些应用具有 Linux 用户可以下载、复制到 `/opt` 并在“不安装”的情况下运行的版本。`LD_PATH_LIBRARY` 变量是通过封装脚本设置的，因此用户通常甚至不知道它已被设置。 +* 你正在编译的软件需要链接到本身刚刚编译但尚未安装的库。良好设计的构建系统，例如 [Autotools][4] 和 [CMake][5]，可以帮助处理这个问题。 +* 你正在使用设计为在单个目录之外运行的软件，它没有安装脚本，或安装脚本将库放置在非标准目录中。一些应用具有 Linux 用户可以下载、复制到 `/opt` 并在“不安装”的情况下运行的版本。`LD_PATH_LIBRARY` 变量是通过封装脚本设置的，因此用户通常甚至不知道它已被设置。 编译软件为你在运行系统方面提供了很大的灵活性。`LD_LIBRARY_PATH` 变量以及 `-L` 和 `-l` GCC 选项是这种灵活性的组成部分。 @@ -125,7 +123,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/22/5/compile-code-ldlibrarypath 作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 9f4958b21a91af393223e0e2ebf438a5d4ebd053 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Thu, 9 Jun 2022 12:32:23 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 11/75] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=88=A0=E9=99=A4=E8=BF=87=E6=97=B6?= =?UTF-8?q?=E6=96=B0=E9=97=BB?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...to Matrix to Enable Cross-App Messaging.md | 81 ------------------ ...ata Centre Scale Encryption Open Source.md | 37 -------- ... Fix a Big Problem for Modern Musicians.md | 85 ------------------- ... Feature as a Google Photos Alternative.md | 69 --------------- 4 files changed, 272 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/20220531 Rocket.Chat is Switching to Matrix to Enable Cross-App Messaging.md delete mode 100644 sources/news/20220601 Google Makes Data Centre Scale Encryption Open Source.md delete mode 100644 sources/news/20220603 Spotify Introduces an Open-Source Tool to Fix a Big Problem for Modern Musicians.md delete mode 100644 sources/news/20220606 Cloud Storage Service Internxt Has a Photos Feature as a Google Photos Alternative.md diff --git a/sources/news/20220531 Rocket.Chat is Switching to Matrix to Enable Cross-App Messaging.md b/sources/news/20220531 Rocket.Chat is Switching to Matrix to Enable Cross-App Messaging.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8e6dbfde37..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20220531 Rocket.Chat is Switching to Matrix to Enable Cross-App Messaging.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,81 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Rocket.Chat is Switching to Matrix to Enable Cross-App Messaging" -[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/rocket-chat-matrix/" -[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Rocket.Chat is Switching to Matrix to Enable Cross-App Messaging -====== -Rocket.Chat is embracing the Matrix protocol to enable decentralized communication for the platform. That’s a huge change, isn’t it? - -![rocket chat matrix][1] - -Rocket.Chat is an excellent open-source messaging (collaboration) platform. - -In fact, it is one of the [best open-source Slack alternatives][2] available. We use it as well for internal communication. - -Rocket.Chat is also making good progress compared to some of its open-source competitors. For instance, they [teamed up with Nextcloud to provide an alternative to Office 365][3]. - -And recently announced a switch to Matrix protocol to introduce federation capabilities that allow its users to communicate with users on other platforms. In other words, [Rocket.Chat][4] will be utilizing a decentralized network for communication with the Matrix integration. - -As a Rocket.Chat user; you can talk to users on any other app using the Matrix protocol. - -### Rocket.Chat is Switching to a Decentralized Protocol to Enhance Collaboration - -![][5] - -Matrix protocol is a fantastic choice to enable an interoperable federation. Now, with Rocket.Chat onboard; the decentralized network should be stronger than ever. - -Not to forget, we already have [Element][6], and [Gitter][7], as some of the platforms that already utilize Matrix. So, Rocket.Chat joining the network sounds exciting! - -The [official announcement][8] further explains the collaboration: - -> The Rocket.Chat adoption of Matrix makes it simple for organizations to easily connect with external parties, whether they’re using Rocket.Chat or any other Matrix compatible platform. This initiative is another step forward on Rocket.Chat’s journey to let every conversation flow without compromise and enable full interoperability with its ecosystem. - -The new change with the Matrix network is already available in the latest [alpha release for Rocket.Chat 4.7.0][9]. Unless you want to experiment with it, you should wait for the stable release to introduce the Matrix network support. - -**Aron Ogle** (*Core Developer at Rocket.Chat*) has put together a [guide][10] and a video to help you out if you want to explore the technical details of Rocket.Chat integration with the Matrix. Here’s the video for it: - -![Setting up Rocket Chat to talk with Matrix][11] - -### Is This a Good Move? - -While decentralized tech hasn’t taken the internet by storm, it is promising and makes more sense with its reliability and decentralized capabilities. Matrix protocol has been getting all the praise for a couple of years now, and it seems to be heading in the right direction. - -As of now, most of the big platforms rely on centralized infrastructure to make things work. - -And, with the current implementations, cross-communication is not possible with most of the chat applications. - -So, Rocket.Chat will be making a difference by offering cross-app interactions, like the ability to chat with an Element user on **matrix.org,** as shown in the image above. - -Rocket.Chat entering the scene with Matrix protocol could open up the potential for its competitors or other services to give a second thought to solutions like Matrix protocol. - -*What do you think about Rocket.Chat adopting the Matrix protocol? Share your thoughts in the comments section below.* - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://news.itsfoss.com/rocket-chat-matrix/ - -作者：[Ankush Das][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/rocketchat-matrix-protocol.jpg -[2]: https://itsfoss.com/open-source-slack-alternative/ -[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/rocket-chat-nextcloud-collaboration/ -[4]: https://itsfoss.com/rocket-chat/ -[5]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/rocket-chat-matrix.jpg -[6]: https://itsfoss.com/element/ -[7]: https://itsfoss.com/gitter/ -[8]: https://rocket.chat/press-releases/rocket-chat-leverages-matrix-protocol-for-decentralized-and-interoperable-communications -[9]: https://github.com/RocketChat/Rocket.Chat/releases/tag/4.7.0 -[10]: https://geekgonecrazy.com/2022/05/30/rocketchat-and-the-matrix-protocol/ -[11]: https://youtu.be/oQhIH8kql9I diff --git a/sources/news/20220601 Google Makes Data Centre Scale Encryption Open Source.md b/sources/news/20220601 Google Makes Data Centre Scale Encryption Open Source.md deleted file mode 100644 index beb885cdd7..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20220601 Google Makes Data Centre Scale Encryption Open Source.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,37 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Google Makes Data Centre Scale Encryption Open Source" -[#]: via: "https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/06/google-makes-data-centre-scale-encryption-open-source/" -[#]: author: "Laveesh Kocher https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/laveesh-kocher/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Google Makes Data Centre Scale Encryption Open Source -====== -![google-ranking-factors][1] - -Google has made open source an encryption scheme it developed to protect traffic between its data centres. PSP, which stands for PSP Security Protocol, was created to relieve Google’s processors of the growing burden of software-based encryption, according to the company. PSP has been hailed as a success in the company’s own environment, and the company has stated that it is “making PSP open source to encourage broader adoption by the community and hardware implementation by additional NIC [network interface card] vendors.”  PSP offloads encryption to NICs, which was previously possible with existing encryption schemes, but not at the scale or with the traffic coverage required by Google. - -“At Google’s scale,” the company wrote when announcing its decision, “the cryptographic offload must support millions of live transmission control protocol (TCP) connections and sustain 100,000 new connections per second at peak.” - -Existing security protocols, according to Google Cloud’s Amin Vahdat and Soheil Hassas Yeganeh, had flaws. “While TLS meets our security requirements, it is not an offload-friendly solution because of the tight coupling between the connection state in the kernel and the offload state in hardware. TLS also does not support non-TCP transport protocols, such as UDP”, they stated. - -However, the IPSec protocol cannot be offloaded to hardware at the required scale. “IPSec … cannot economically support our scale partly because they store the full encryption state in an associative hardware table with modest update rates,” the post explains. - -Google added a custom header and trailer to standard User Datagram Protocol (UDP) encapsulation to create PSP. PSP is currently implemented in three ways: one for Google’s Andromeda Linux virtualisation kernel, one for its Snap networking system, and an application-layer version, SoftPSP, created so Google Cloud customers could use PSP on computers with traditional NICs. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/06/google-makes-data-centre-scale-encryption-open-source/ - -作者：[Laveesh Kocher][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/laveesh-kocher/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/google-ranking-factors-e1654074528236.jpg diff --git a/sources/news/20220603 Spotify Introduces an Open-Source Tool to Fix a Big Problem for Modern Musicians.md b/sources/news/20220603 Spotify Introduces an Open-Source Tool to Fix a Big Problem for Modern Musicians.md deleted file mode 100644 index 782197f1a9..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20220603 Spotify Introduces an Open-Source Tool to Fix a Big Problem for Modern Musicians.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,85 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Spotify Introduces an Open-Source Tool to Fix a Big Problem for Modern Musicians" -[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/spotify-basic-pitch/" -[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Spotify Introduces an Open-Source Tool to Fix a Big Problem for Modern Musicians -====== -Spotify’s new open-source tool helps you convert audio to MIDI version. Explore why it is a big deal for modern musicians. - -![spotify][1] - -Spotify is a leading music streaming platform with several open-source projects. - -While most of the projects/tools are built for niche users, they have finally introduced something that seems enticing to all the modern musicians involved with digital music production. - -‘Basic Pitch’ is a new free and open-source tool by Spotify that lets you convert any audio file to its MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) version. - -In case you did not know, with MIDI notes, you can easily tweak what’s being played and analyze more to help you in digital music production. - -### Basic Pitch: Making Things Easier - -With Basic Pitch, one can easily have MIDI notes of an audio file they have always wanted, and with better accuracy. - -![spotify basic pitch][2] - -Spotify explains that it is better than existing note-detection systems by offering some advantages that include: - -> **Polyphonic + instrument-agnostic:** Unlike most other note-detection algorithms, Basic Pitch can track multiple notes at a time and across various instruments, including piano, guitar, and ocarina. Many systems limit users to only monophonic output (one note at a time, like a single vocal melody), or are built for only one kind of instrument. - -> **Pitch bend detection:** Instruments, like guitar or the human voice, allow for more expressiveness through pitch-bending: vibrato, glissando, bends, slides, etc. However, this valuable information is often lost when turning audio into MIDI. Basic Pitch supports this right out of the box. - -> **Speed:** Basic Pitch is light on resources, and is able to run faster than real time on most modern computers ([Bittner et al. 2022][3]). - -Basic Pitch uses a machine learning model that turns various instrumental performances into MIDI. The audio file may also contain your voice, but it should still be able to convert the instrument to its MIDI version. - -![Basic Pitch demo: Convert audio into MIDI using ML][4] - -I tried converting an MP3 karaoke file with a single instrument to get the MIDI notes, and it seemed to work pretty well. - -The tool also lets you process more than one audio file at a time and offers a few parameter controls that include note segmentation, confidence threshold, minimum/maximum pitch, and note length. - -### Made for Creators and Researchers - -Spotify mentions that it targets the creators primarily, but they are also interested to learn how machine learning researchers build upon it and help develop better solutions using the [open-source project on GitHub][5]. - -As a creator/musician, you can access the open-source tool on its [official website][6] for a demo. The parameters can be adjusted using the website, and you can also download the MIDI file from there. - -[Basic Pitch][7] - -![spotify basic pitch][8] - -It is also available via [PyPI][9] to install and use via the command-line interface on Linux, Windows, and macOS. - -You can explore its [GitHub page][10] to know more about its usage/commands. - -If you are curious, the [official announcement post][11] provides more technical comparisons and explanations regarding the development of the tool. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://news.itsfoss.com/spotify-basic-pitch/ - -作者：[Ankush Das][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/spotify-midi.jpg -[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/spotify-basic-pitch-1024x531.png -[3]: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9746549 -[4]: https://youtu.be/DhlvfgS73ZQ?list=PLf1KFlSkDLIAYLdb-SD9s8TdGy0rWIwVr -[5]: https://github.com/spotify/basic-pitch -[6]: https://basicpitch.spotify.com/ -[7]: https://basicpitch.spotify.com/ -[8]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/basic-pitch-parameters.jpg -[9]: https://pypi.org/ -[10]: https://github.com/spotify/basic-pitch -[11]: https://engineering.atspotify.com/2022/06/meet-basic-pitch/ diff --git a/sources/news/20220606 Cloud Storage Service Internxt Has a Photos Feature as a Google Photos Alternative.md b/sources/news/20220606 Cloud Storage Service Internxt Has a Photos Feature as a Google Photos Alternative.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6a737060e0..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20220606 Cloud Storage Service Internxt Has a Photos Feature as a Google Photos Alternative.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,69 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Cloud Storage Service Internxt Has a Photos Feature as a Google Photos Alternative" -[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/internxt-photos/" -[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Cloud Storage Service Internxt Has a Photos Feature as a Google Photos Alternative -====== -Internxt is already an interesting cloud storage service. It also has a Photos feature that can be a replacement to Google Photos for some. - -![internxt photos][1] - -Internxt is an open-source encrypted cloud service with a native Linux client. Our [older article][2] explaining its cloud storage service can be an interesting read if you did not know about it. - -Initially, we focused on their cloud storage offering. And, it seems like we missed out on another product “Photos” that was unveiled by them last month in a tweet. - -[Internxt Photos][3] pitches itself as an open-source Google Photo alternative with privacy and security in mind. - -*The post includes an affiliate link for Internxt. If you get a subscription through our link, we get a commission, and you get to support us at no extra cost to you.* - -### Internxt Photos with Zero-Knowledge Encryption - -![][4] - -Internxt Photos claims that it puts privacy and security at its core compared to some competitors in the industry. - -While respecting user privacy, they also try to offer the basic features that help you easily organize the photos you upload to the service. - -Note that the Photos service is included with the cloud storage subscription. Unlike Google’s offering, there are no separate pricing plans for just storing the Photos. - -Likewise, you need to rely on the same Internxt app to access your Photo gallery. - -You should not have anything to worry about considering the Internxt app is available on the Google Play Store, and the App Store as well. - -The photos you upload to the gallery get synced across multiple devices. So, even if you do not have access to one of your devices, it should not be a problem. - -![][5] - -The look of the photo gallery seems inspired by Apple’s Photos app, but that’s a good approach for simplicity and usability. The Photos also provide you the ability to share photos with your friends and family using a link. You can also customize the link to tweak the open limit to control access to your shared links. - -Considering it as an open-source encrypted alternative with a primary cloud storage offering to mainstream Photo storage services, does this sound like something interesting to you? - -You can get started using our link to the product page to explore more about it and get started. The [GitHub page][6] can also be useful if you’re curious. - -[Internxt Photos][7] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://news.itsfoss.com/internxt-photos/ - -作者：[Ankush Das][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/internxt-photos.jpg -[2]: https://itsfoss.com/internxt-cloud-service/ -[3]: https://itsfoss.com/go/internxt-photos/ -[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/internxt-gallery.jpg -[5]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/mobile-photos-share-mockup-506x1024.webp -[6]: https://github.com/internxt -[7]: https://itsfoss.com/go/internxt-photos/ From c32ef34e6122bbd17a831b545de623a0f63f0d98 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Thu, 9 Jun 2022 12:34:30 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 12/75] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][ne?= =?UTF-8?q?ws]:=2020220609=20openSUSE=20Leap=2015.4=20Release=20Adds=20Lea?= =?UTF-8?q?p=20Micro=205.2,=20Updated=20Desktop=20Environments,=20and=20Mo?= =?UTF-8?q?re.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... Updated Desktop Environments, and More.md | 99 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 99 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/20220609 openSUSE Leap 15.4 Release Adds Leap Micro 5.2, Updated Desktop Environments, and More.md diff --git a/sources/news/20220609 openSUSE Leap 15.4 Release Adds Leap Micro 5.2, Updated Desktop Environments, and More.md b/sources/news/20220609 openSUSE Leap 15.4 Release Adds Leap Micro 5.2, Updated Desktop Environments, and More.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..543a4d4dbd --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20220609 openSUSE Leap 15.4 Release Adds Leap Micro 5.2, Updated Desktop Environments, and More.md @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +[#]: subject: "openSUSE Leap 15.4 Release Adds Leap Micro 5.2, Updated Desktop Environments, and More" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/opensuse-leap-15-4-release/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +openSUSE Leap 15.4 Release Adds Leap Micro 5.2, Updated Desktop Environments, and More +====== +openSUSE Leap 15.4 is here to catch up with SUSE Linux Enterprise Service Pack 4 with new upgrades, and essential improvements. + +![opensuse 15.4][1] + +The upcoming openSUSE minor release is finally here. If you use OpenSUSE as your daily driver for desktop or server, you might have already tested the release candidate version available for a couple of weeks now. + +The openSUSE Leap 15.4 focuses on software package updates to match the SUSE Linux Enterprise 15 Service Pack 4. So, you will notice several deprecated packages, and new upgrades available to replace them. + +Of course, you should have some packages available to ensure compatibility. But, most of the older ones have been removed. + +### openSUSE Leap 15.4: What’s New? + +To match the latest SUSE Linux Enterprise (SLE), packages like Python 2 and KDE 4 have been removed. You can find newer desktop environments with this release. + +Furthermore, for containers and AI/ML use-cases, podman, containerd, Tensorflow,and Grafana have been updated. + +#### Leap Micro 5.2 + +Leap Micro is the latest version of its lightweight operating system tailored for container and virtualized workloads. It is a new offering of [MicroOS][2] for Leap, which is a variant of Tumbleweed, providing automated administration and patching. + +#### Desktop Environments + +Xfce 4.16 is here to stay, but you can find additions for new major features that include new icons, and palettes. + +The settings manager in Xfce 4.16 also received a visual refresh. Similarly, there were some improvements to file manager (Thunar), dark mode support for a new status tray plugin, and more. + +KDE 4 packages have been dropped, Plasma 5.24 LTS has been included as an LTS release. + +To explore the changes, you can check out our original coverage for [KDE Plasma 5.24 LTS][3]. Overall, the new KDE Plasma experience should be impressive for desktop users. + +When it comes to GNOME, you can find GNOME 41 included with Leap 15.4 with a range of improvements and new features. Learn more about [GNOME 41][4] to know what you can expect. + +For other available desktop environments, Leap 15.4 includes: + +* MATE 1.26 +* Enlightenment 0.25.3 +* Deepin Desktop Environment 20.3 + +#### Dropped Packages + +Some essential packages removed include python 2 (end of life), digikam, tensorflow 1.x, and Qt 4 packages. + +You will find Qt 5 and Plasma 5 available to update the system. + +#### Updated Packages + +Many vital packages have been updated for Leap 15.4, some of the popular ones include: + +* TensorFlow 2.6.2 +* podman 3.4.4 +* GNU Health 4.0 +* sudo 1.9.9 +* systemd 249.10 +* AppArmor 3.04 +* DNF 4.10.0 +* LibreOffice 7.2.5 + +So, you should notice useful upgrades for both server users and desktop users with various application updates. Many multimedia applications like VLC, and GNOME MPV have also received upgrades. + +#### Other Improvements + +Along with essential updates, and clean up, you can also find a newer Linux Kernel 5.14.21 maintained by SUSE. + +The hardware support should see an improvement with the updated kernel. + +For more information, you can refer to the release notes for [openSUSE Leap 15.4][5]. + +[Download openSUSE Leap 15.4][6] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/opensuse-leap-15-4-release/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/opensuse-leap-15-4.jpg +[2]: https://microos.opensuse.org/ +[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/kde-plasma-5-24-lts-release/ +[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/gnome-41-release/ +[5]: https://doc.opensuse.org/release-notes/x86_64/openSUSE/Leap/15.4/#rnotes +[6]: https://get.opensuse.org/leap/15.4/ From d65e16eaff7390c8bc490bdeb003b3a6a060542e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: duoluoxiaosheng <554765662@qq.com> Date: Thu, 9 Jun 2022 12:42:57 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 13/75] Mywork (#4) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit * Update 20210131 How to teach open source beyond business.md * Update 20210131 How to teach open source beyond business.md * Update 20210131 How to teach open source beyond business.md * Update 20210131 How to teach open source beyond business.md * Rename sources/tech/20210131 How to teach open source beyond business.md to translated/tech/20210131 How to teach open source beyond business.md * Update 20220606 6 Linux word processors you need to try.md * Update 20220606 6 Linux word processors you need to try.md * Update 20220606 6 Linux word processors you need to try.md * Update 20220606 6 Linux word processors you need to try.md * Update 20220606 6 Linux word processors you need to try.md * 翻译 * Rename sources/tech/20220606 6 Linux word processors you need to try.md to translated/tech/20220606 6 Linux word processors you need to try.md --- ...6 Linux word processors you need to try.md | 85 ------------------ ...ow to teach open source beyond business.md | 74 ++++++++++++++++ ...6 Linux word processors you need to try.md | 88 +++++++++++++++++++ 3 files changed, 162 insertions(+), 85 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20220606 6 Linux word processors you need to try.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20210131 How to teach open source beyond business.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20220606 6 Linux word processors you need to try.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220606 6 Linux word processors you need to try.md b/sources/tech/20220606 6 Linux word processors you need to try.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5a6f767f0d..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220606 6 Linux word processors you need to try.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,85 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "6 Linux word processors you need to try" -[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/6/word-processors-linux" -[#]: author: "Don Watkins https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "duoluoxiaosheng" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -6 Linux word processors you need to try -====== -Check out one of my favorite open source word processors to put your ideas to paper. - -![Typewriter with hands][1] - -Image by: rawpixel.com. CC0. - -Writers are always looking for better ways to put their words and ideas into readable formats to share with their readers. My first experiences with word processing came in my Apple II days when I used AppleWorks and later FrEDWriter, which was a free word processing application created in 1985. It was the standard for my students, many of whom came from households that lacked the money to purchase proprietary software. - -### Abiword - -When I made the switch to Linux in the late 1990's, I was looking for high quality writing software that I could use and recommend to students who chose to follow my lead in the world of open source software. The first word processor I became familiar with was [AbiWord][2]. The name AbiWord is derived from the Spanish word, abierto, which means open. It was Initially released in 1998 and it has been under continuous development. It is licensed as GPLv2. It supports basic word processing such as lists, indents and character formats. It supports a variety of import and export file formats including `.doc`, `.html`, `.docx`, and `.odt`. - -![Image of Abiword][3] - -### Etherpad - -[Etherpad][4] is an open source group editing project. It allows you to edit documents in real time much like Google Drive. The main difference is that it is entirely open source. According to their website you can, "write articles, press releases, to-do lists, together with your friends, fellow students or colleagues, all working on the same document at the same time." The source code is readily available to look at. Etherpad is licensed as Apache 2.0. You can use Etherpad in the cloud or download and [install][5] it on your own Linux computer. - -### Cryptpad - -[CryptPad][6] is a collaboration suite that is end-to-end encrypted. It is licensed with GPLv3 and its source code is available on [GitHub][7]. It was developed by [Xwiki][8] Labs. It is an alternative to Google Drive and is self hosted. According to their website, "CryptPad is built to enable collaboration. It synchronizes changes to documents in real time. Because all data is encrypted, the service and its administrators have no way of seeing the content being edited and stored.” Cryptpad offers extensive [documentation][9] for users. - -### Focuswriter - -[FocusWriter][10] is a simple distraction free editor. It uses a hideaway interface that you access by moving your mouse to the edges of the screen. It is licensed with GPLv3 and it's available on Linux with Flatpak,via DEB on [Ubuntu][11], and RPM on [Fedora][12]. This is an example of the FocusWriter desktop. A very simple and intuitive interface where the menu automatically hides until you move your mouse pointer to the top or sides of the screen. Files are saved by default as an `.odt`, but it also supports plain text, `.docx`, and Rich text. - -![Image of FocusWriter][13] - -### LibreOffice Writer - -[LibreOffice Writer][14] is my favorite. I have been using it for over a dozen years. It has all the features I need including formatting for rich text. It also has the largest array of import and export options I have seen in any word processor. There are dozens of templates available for specialty formats like [APA][15] for research and publication. I love that I can export directly to PDF and ‘epub' from any word processor. LibreOffice Writer is free software with the Mozilla Public License 2.0. The s[ource code][16] for LibreOffice is from the Document Foundation. LibreOffice comes standard with most Linux distribution. It is also available as Flatpak, Snap, and AppImage. In addition, you can download and install it on MacOS and Windows. - -![Image of LibreOffice work space][17] - -### OpenOffice Writer - -Apache [OpenOffice Writer][18] is a complete word processor. It's simple enough for memos yet complex enough to write your first book. According to their website, OpenOffice Writer automatically saves documents in ‘open document format'. Documents can also be saved in `.doc`, `.docx`, Rich Text, and other formats. OpenOffice Writer is licensed with an Apache License 2.0. Source code and is available on [GitHub][19]. - -There is a wealth of free open source software waiting for you to discover. They are great for getting your everyday tasks done and you can also contribute to their development. What is your favorite Linux word processor application? - -Image by: (Don Watkins, CC BY-SA 4.0) - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://opensource.com/article/22/6/word-processors-linux - -作者：[Don Watkins][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/typewriter-hands.jpg -[2]: https://www.abisource.com/ -[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-05/abiword.png -[4]: https://etherpad.org/# -[5]: https://github.com/ether/etherpad-lite#installation -[6]: https://cryptpad.fr/what-is-cryptpad.html -[7]: https://github.com/xwiki-labs/cryptpad -[8]: https://github.com/xwiki-labs -[9]: https://docs.cryptpad.fr/en/user_guide/index.html -[10]: https://gottcode.org/focuswriter/ -[11]: https://packages.ubuntu.com/jammy/focuswriter -[12]: https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/focuswriter -[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-05/focuswriter.png -[14]: https://www.libreoffice.org/discover/writer/ -[15]: https://extensions.libreoffice.org/en/extensions/show/apa-style-paper-template -[16]: https://www.libreoffice.org/about-us/source-code/ -[17]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-05/Libreofficewriter.png -[18]: https://www.openoffice.org/product/writer.html -[19]: https://github.com/apache/openoffice diff --git a/translated/tech/20210131 How to teach open source beyond business.md b/translated/tech/20210131 How to teach open source beyond business.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b1688ced71 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20210131 How to teach open source beyond business.md @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +[#]: collector: (lujun9972) +[#]: translator: (duoluoxiaosheng ) +[#]: reviewer: ( ) +[#]: publisher: ( ) +[#]: url: ( ) +[#]: subject: (How to teach open source beyond business) +[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/1/open-source-beyond-business) +[#]: author: (Irit Goihman https://opensource.com/users/iritgoihman) + +商业之上是开源 +====== + +The Beyond Program 连接起未来科技行业的人才和开源文化。 + +![Teacher or learner?][1] + +那时，我还是一个大学生，我不明白人们为什么那么吹捧开源软件。我也使用 Linux 和开源软件，但是我不明白开源的运作模式，如何参加一个开源项目，并且它是如何影响我的职业生涯的。我的开发经验主要是家庭作业和学位需要的一个大型项目。 + +所以，当我开始踏足科技行业时，我发现我还有很多知识需要学习。我需要明白如何加入一个可能拥有很大的团队，并且分散在不同地方的正在进行中的项目。我还要学会正确的沟通以保证我付出点努力不白费。 + +我在这个行业并不优秀。我只是众多毕业生中的一员。 + +### 开源让毕业生点起点更高 + +作为一个工程师，一个管理者，从那时起我开始帮助刚入行的工程师。我发现，有开源经验的毕业生比没有开源经验的毕业生能更快的入门。 + +通过将开源方法纳入学术研究，学生们可以获得相关的行业经验，学会利用他们自己的知识，并建立一个陈述观点和分享知识的平台。参与开源项目可以对学生的技术知识和经验产生积极影响。这可以帮助他们更好的规划自己的职业生涯。 + +开源在科技行业的价值是塑造并完善全球软件公司的文化。参与开源项目并采用[开放组织文化][2]正在成为行业普遍现象。公司寻求知道如何在开源领域工作并培养其文化的思想新颖，才华横溢的员工。 +因此，科技行业必须推动学术界将开源文化作为学习科技研究的基本方法之一。 + +### 商业之上是开源文化 + +当我遇到红帽的高级软件工程师 [Liora Milbaum][3] 时，我发现，我们对将开源文化和规则引入学术界有着共同的兴趣。Liora 之前创立了 [DevOps Loft][4], 在其中，她与有兴趣进入这个行业的人们分享了 DevOps 实践，并希望发起一个类似的项目，教授大学生开源。我们决定启动 [Beyond][5] program，将科技行业拥抱开源精神的人才与红帽的实践联系起来。 + +我们在 [Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yafo][6] 开始了 Beyond program ，在那里，我们受到了信息系统学院的热烈欢迎。我们从介绍 DevOps 技术栈的 “DevOps入门” 开始。我们开始时最大的挑战是怎么讲明白开源是什么。答案似乎很简单：实践出真理。我们不想给学生们讲授什么老套的学院课程，而是向学生们展示了一套工业标准。 + +我们创建了一个包含常见的开源项目和工具的教学大纲来教授 DevOps 技术栈。该课程由工程师教授的讲座和实践组成。学生们被分成小组，每组都由一名工程师指导和支持。他们练习团队合作，分享知识（在团队内外），并有效的协作。 + +在我们为计算机科学学院的通讯准备的高级课程 “开源开发的基础”中，我们遇到了另外的困难。当我们的课程开始两周以后，随着新冠疫情在全球的流行，我们完全靠远程沟通。 我们通过与学生一起使用我们在红帽日常工作中使用的相同远程协作工具解决了这个问题。我们惊讶于过渡的是如此简单和顺利。 + +![Beyond teaching online][7] + +(Irit Goihman, [CC BY-SA 4.0][8]) + +### 成果展示 + +这两个课程去得了巨大的成功，我们甚至雇佣了我们最优秀的学生之一。我们收到了非常棒的反馈，同学们表示，我们对他们的知识、思维和软技能产生了积极影响。一些学生因为在课程器件的开源贡献而得到了他们第一份技术工作。 + +其他学术机构对这些课程表达出了极大的兴趣，因此我们将这个项目扩展到了另外一所大学。 + +很荣幸，在一群优秀工程师的参与下，与 Liora 一起领导这个成功的项目。我们一起助力开源社区的成长。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/21/1/open-source-beyond-business + +作者：[Irit Goihman][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[duoluoxiaosheng](https://github.com/duoluoxiaosheng) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/iritgoihman +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/osdc-lead-teacher-learner.png?itok=rMJqBN5G (Teacher or learner?) +[2]: https://opensource.com/open-organization/resources/open-org-definition +[3]: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lioramilbaum +[4]: https://www.devopsloft.io/ +[5]: https://research.redhat.com/blog/2020/05/24/open-source-development-course-and-devops-methodology/ +[6]: https://www.int.mta.ac.il/ +[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/pictures/beyond_mta.png (Beyond teaching online) +[8]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ diff --git a/translated/tech/20220606 6 Linux word processors you need to try.md b/translated/tech/20220606 6 Linux word processors you need to try.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d4e4a3e35b --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220606 6 Linux word processors you need to try.md @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +[#]: subject: "6 Linux word processors you need to try" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/6/word-processors-linux" +[#]: author: "Don Watkins https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "duoluoxiaosheng" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +6 Linux word processors you need to try +====== +值得尝试的六款Linux文字处理程序 +====== + +选择一款最中意的文字处理程序把你的想法打印到纸上。 + +![Typewriter with hands][1] + +Image by: rawpixel.com. CC0. + +作家们总是在寻找更好的方法将他们的文字和想法以更好的方式呈现给他们的读者。我对文字处理程序最早的印象是在 Apple II 上使用 AppleWorks 和 FrEDWriter，一个1985年的免费的文字处理程序。这是我的学生的标配，他们中的许多人来自没有钱购买专用软件的家庭。 + +### Abiword + +在20世纪90年代时，我开始使用 Linux， 我开始寻找高质量的写作程序，以推荐给在开源软件世界跟随我的学生。我首先接触的文字处理程序是 [AbiWord][2]。 AbiWord 来自西班牙语 Abierto，是打开的意思。最早发布于1998年，并且之后一直在升级。使用 GPLv2 开源协议。支持列表，缩进，字符格式等基本功能。支持比如 ".doc", ".html", ".docx", ".odt" 等多种格式文件的导入和导出。 + +![Image of Abiword][3] + +### Etherpad + +[Etherpad][4] 是一个开源项目。它可以让您像 Google Drive 那样实时编辑文档。它完全开源。据它的网站上介绍，您可以用它来写文章，新闻稿和待办清单，还可以和您的朋友，同学或者同事一起同时编辑同一个文档。源代码可查看。Etherpad 采用 Apache 2.0 开源协议。您可以直接在线使用它，或者把它下载并[安装][5]到您的 Linux 电脑上。 + +### Cryptpad + +[CryptPad][6] 是一个端到端加密的写作套件。使用 GPLv3 开源协议，并且源代码在 [GitHub][7] 上公开。 由 [Xwiki][8] 实验室开发。可替代 Google Drive 并且自主托管。根据网站描述 “CryptPad 旨在实现协作办公。实时同步文档的更改。由于所有数据都已加密，因此服务及其管理员无法查看正在编辑和存储的内容。” Cryptpad 为用户提供了[丰富的文档][9]。 + +### Focuswriter + +[FocusWriter][10] 是一个简单的免干扰的编辑器。它使用隐藏的界面，鼠标移动到屏幕边界时可以显示。使用 GPLv3 开源协议并提供 Linux 通用软件安装包（Flatpak），比如 [Ubuntu][11] 的 DEB 和 [Fedora][12] 的 RPM。这是一个 FocusWriter 桌面的例子。 一个非常简单直观的界面，菜单自动隐藏，鼠标指向屏幕顶部或边缘时才显示。文件默认保存为 ".odt" 格式，也支持纯文本， ".docx"，和富文本。 + +![Image of FocusWriter][13] + +### LibreOffice Writer + +[LibreOffice Writer][14]是我最喜欢的。我已经使用了十多年了。他拥有我需要的富文本的所有特性。他还拥有我见过的最大的导入导出列表。类似 [APA][15]这样的问卷和出版模板它拥有十多种。最喜欢它的是他可以将文件导出为 PDF 和 “epub”。 LibreOffice Writer 是一个免费软件，使用 Mozilla Public Liceense 2.0 开源协议。 [源代码][16]由 Document Foundation 提供。LibreOffice 支持大多数 Linux 发行版。 同时它也提供 Flatpak，Snap 和 AppImage。另外，您也可以把它下载并安装到 MacOs 和 Windows 上。 + +![Image of LibreOffice work space][17] + +### OpenOffice Writer + +Apache [OpenOffice Writer][18] 是一个全功能点文字处理程序。作为一个备忘录来说它足够简单，但对于编写你的第一本书来说它又足够复杂。依据官网的描述，OpenOffice Writer 将文档自动保存为 “open document format”. 它还支持将文档保存为 ".doc", ".docx", 富文本和其他格式。OpenOffice Writer 使用 Apache License 2.0 开源协议。源代码在 [GitHub][19] 上公开。 + +这里还有许多免费的开源软件等着大家去发现。它们非常适合完成您的日常任务，您也可以为它们的发展做出贡献。您最喜欢的 Linux 文字处理器程序是什么呢？ + +Image by: (Don Watkins, CC BY-SA 4.0) + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/6/word-processors-linux + +作者：[Don Watkins][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[duoluoxiaosheng](https://github.com/duoluoxiaosheng) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/typewriter-hands.jpg +[2]: https://www.abisource.com/ +[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-05/abiword.png +[4]: https://etherpad.org/# +[5]: https://github.com/ether/etherpad-lite#installation +[6]: https://cryptpad.fr/what-is-cryptpad.html +[7]: https://github.com/xwiki-labs/cryptpad +[8]: https://github.com/xwiki-labs +[9]: https://docs.cryptpad.fr/en/user_guide/index.html +[10]: https://gottcode.org/focuswriter/ +[11]: https://packages.ubuntu.com/jammy/focuswriter +[12]: https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/focuswriter +[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-05/focuswriter.png +[14]: https://www.libreoffice.org/discover/writer/ +[15]: https://extensions.libreoffice.org/en/extensions/show/apa-style-paper-template +[16]: https://www.libreoffice.org/about-us/source-code/ +[17]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-05/Libreofficewriter.png +[18]: https://www.openoffice.org/product/writer.html +[19]: https://github.com/apache/openoffice From b8ed9b319281191de35f7807bd4afcff063b2a50 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: duoluoxiaosheng <554765662@qq.com> Date: Thu, 9 Jun 2022 12:47:07 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 14/75] Delete 20210131 How to teach open source beyond business.md --- ...ow to teach open source beyond business.md | 74 ------------------- 1 file changed, 74 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 translated/tech/20210131 How to teach open source beyond business.md diff --git a/translated/tech/20210131 How to teach open source beyond business.md b/translated/tech/20210131 How to teach open source beyond business.md deleted file mode 100644 index b1688ced71..0000000000 --- a/translated/tech/20210131 How to teach open source beyond business.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,74 +0,0 @@ -[#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: (duoluoxiaosheng ) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) -[#]: subject: (How to teach open source beyond business) -[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/1/open-source-beyond-business) -[#]: author: (Irit Goihman https://opensource.com/users/iritgoihman) - -商业之上是开源 -====== - -The Beyond Program 连接起未来科技行业的人才和开源文化。 - -![Teacher or learner?][1] - -那时，我还是一个大学生，我不明白人们为什么那么吹捧开源软件。我也使用 Linux 和开源软件，但是我不明白开源的运作模式，如何参加一个开源项目，并且它是如何影响我的职业生涯的。我的开发经验主要是家庭作业和学位需要的一个大型项目。 - -所以，当我开始踏足科技行业时，我发现我还有很多知识需要学习。我需要明白如何加入一个可能拥有很大的团队，并且分散在不同地方的正在进行中的项目。我还要学会正确的沟通以保证我付出点努力不白费。 - -我在这个行业并不优秀。我只是众多毕业生中的一员。 - -### 开源让毕业生点起点更高 - -作为一个工程师，一个管理者，从那时起我开始帮助刚入行的工程师。我发现，有开源经验的毕业生比没有开源经验的毕业生能更快的入门。 - -通过将开源方法纳入学术研究，学生们可以获得相关的行业经验，学会利用他们自己的知识，并建立一个陈述观点和分享知识的平台。参与开源项目可以对学生的技术知识和经验产生积极影响。这可以帮助他们更好的规划自己的职业生涯。 - -开源在科技行业的价值是塑造并完善全球软件公司的文化。参与开源项目并采用[开放组织文化][2]正在成为行业普遍现象。公司寻求知道如何在开源领域工作并培养其文化的思想新颖，才华横溢的员工。 -因此，科技行业必须推动学术界将开源文化作为学习科技研究的基本方法之一。 - -### 商业之上是开源文化 - -当我遇到红帽的高级软件工程师 [Liora Milbaum][3] 时，我发现，我们对将开源文化和规则引入学术界有着共同的兴趣。Liora 之前创立了 [DevOps Loft][4], 在其中，她与有兴趣进入这个行业的人们分享了 DevOps 实践，并希望发起一个类似的项目，教授大学生开源。我们决定启动 [Beyond][5] program，将科技行业拥抱开源精神的人才与红帽的实践联系起来。 - -我们在 [Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yafo][6] 开始了 Beyond program ，在那里，我们受到了信息系统学院的热烈欢迎。我们从介绍 DevOps 技术栈的 “DevOps入门” 开始。我们开始时最大的挑战是怎么讲明白开源是什么。答案似乎很简单：实践出真理。我们不想给学生们讲授什么老套的学院课程，而是向学生们展示了一套工业标准。 - -我们创建了一个包含常见的开源项目和工具的教学大纲来教授 DevOps 技术栈。该课程由工程师教授的讲座和实践组成。学生们被分成小组，每组都由一名工程师指导和支持。他们练习团队合作，分享知识（在团队内外），并有效的协作。 - -在我们为计算机科学学院的通讯准备的高级课程 “开源开发的基础”中，我们遇到了另外的困难。当我们的课程开始两周以后，随着新冠疫情在全球的流行，我们完全靠远程沟通。 我们通过与学生一起使用我们在红帽日常工作中使用的相同远程协作工具解决了这个问题。我们惊讶于过渡的是如此简单和顺利。 - -![Beyond teaching online][7] - -(Irit Goihman, [CC BY-SA 4.0][8]) - -### 成果展示 - -这两个课程去得了巨大的成功，我们甚至雇佣了我们最优秀的学生之一。我们收到了非常棒的反馈，同学们表示，我们对他们的知识、思维和软技能产生了积极影响。一些学生因为在课程器件的开源贡献而得到了他们第一份技术工作。 - -其他学术机构对这些课程表达出了极大的兴趣，因此我们将这个项目扩展到了另外一所大学。 - -很荣幸，在一群优秀工程师的参与下，与 Liora 一起领导这个成功的项目。我们一起助力开源社区的成长。 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://opensource.com/article/21/1/open-source-beyond-business - -作者：[Irit Goihman][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[duoluoxiaosheng](https://github.com/duoluoxiaosheng) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://opensource.com/users/iritgoihman -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/osdc-lead-teacher-learner.png?itok=rMJqBN5G (Teacher or learner?) -[2]: https://opensource.com/open-organization/resources/open-org-definition -[3]: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lioramilbaum -[4]: https://www.devopsloft.io/ -[5]: https://research.redhat.com/blog/2020/05/24/open-source-development-course-and-devops-methodology/ -[6]: https://www.int.mta.ac.il/ -[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/pictures/beyond_mta.png (Beyond teaching online) -[8]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ From 43bfb57bb9c871b65f3392af1e78efe5f27de2e7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E9=83=91?= Date: Thu, 9 Jun 2022 13:46:17 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 15/75] Translating --- ...ds Leap Micro 5.2, Updated Desktop Environments, and More.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/20220609 openSUSE Leap 15.4 Release Adds Leap Micro 5.2, Updated Desktop Environments, and More.md b/sources/news/20220609 openSUSE Leap 15.4 Release Adds Leap Micro 5.2, Updated Desktop Environments, and More.md index 543a4d4dbd..fff90f5370 100644 --- a/sources/news/20220609 openSUSE Leap 15.4 Release Adds Leap Micro 5.2, Updated Desktop Environments, and More.md +++ b/sources/news/20220609 openSUSE Leap 15.4 Release Adds Leap Micro 5.2, Updated Desktop Environments, and More.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/opensuse-leap-15-4-release/" [#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "robsean" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From 824c36252ed42721752b37847b116de2ab010693 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Thu, 9 Jun 2022 15:47:47 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 16/75] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020220609=20Edit=20PDFs=20on=20Linux=20with=20these=20ope?= =?UTF-8?q?n=20source=20tools.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...s on Linux with these open source tools.md | 90 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 90 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220609 Edit PDFs on Linux with these open source tools.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220609 Edit PDFs on Linux with these open source tools.md b/sources/tech/20220609 Edit PDFs on Linux with these open source tools.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c19cb5da59 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220609 Edit PDFs on Linux with these open source tools.md @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ + [#]: subject: "Edit PDFs on Linux with these open source tools" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/6/open-source-pdf-editors-linux" +[#]: author: "Michael Korotaev https://opensource.com/users/michaelk" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Edit PDFs on Linux with these open source tools +====== +Open source alternatives to Adobe Acrobat have all the necessary features for creating, editing, and annotating PDFs. + +![a checklist for a team][1] + +Image by: Opensource.com + +Open source reading and editing tools for PDFs are often more secure and reliable alternatives to the applications residing in the first pages of "PDF editor" search results. There, you're likely to see proprietary applications with hidden limitations and tariffs, lacking sufficient information about data protection policies and hosting. You can have better. + +Here are five applications that can be installed on your Linux system (and others) or hosted on a server. Each is free and open source, with all the necessary features for creating, editing, and annotating PDF files. + +### LibreOffice + +With the [LibreOffice][2] suite, your choice of application depends on the initial task. While LibreOffice Writer, a word processor, lets you create PDF files with export from text formats like ODF and others, Draw is better for working with existing PDF files. + +Draw is meant for creating and editing graphic documents, such as brochures, magazines, and posters. The toolset is therefore mainly focused on visual objects and layouts. For PDF editing, however, LibreOffice Draw offers tools for modifying and adding content in PDFs when the file has editing attributes. You can still add new text fields on the existing content layers and annotate or finish the documents if it doesn't. + +Draw and Writer are both bundled in a LibreOffice desktop suite available for installation on Linux systems, macOS, and Windows. + +### ONLYOFFICE Docs + +ONLYOFFICE has been improving work with PDFs for a while and introduced a brand new reader for PDFs and eBooks in version 7.1 of [ONLYOFFICE Docs][3]. + +The document editor allows creating PDF files from scratch using DOCX as a base for files that can then be converted to PDF or PDF/A. With built-in form-creation functionality, ONLYOFFICE Docs also makes it possible to build fillable document templates and export them as editable PDFs with fillable fields for different types of content: text, images, dates, and more. + +In addition to recognizing text within PDFs to copy and extract it, ONLYOFFICE Docs can convert PDFs to DOCX, which allows you to continue using the documents in fully editable text formats. ONLYOFFICE also lets you secure the files with passwords, add watermarks, and use digital signatures available in the desktop version. + +ONLYOFFICE Docs can be used as a web suite (on-premises or in the cloud) integrated into a document management system (DMS) or as a standalone desktop application. You can install the latter as a DEB or RPM file, AppImage, Flatpack, and several other formats for Linux. + +### PDF Arranger + +[PDF Arranger][4] is a front-end application for the PikePDF library. It doesn't edit the content of a PDF the way LibreOffice and ONLYOFFICE do, but it's great for re-ordering pages, splitting a PDF into smaller documents, merging several PDFs into one, rotating or cropping pages, and so on. Its interface is intuitive and easy to use. + +PDF Arranger is available for Linux and Windows. + +### Okular + +[Okular][5] is a free open source viewer for documents developed by the KDE community. The app features very mature functionality and allows viewing PDFs, eBooks, images, and comics. + +Okular has full or partial support for most popular PDF features and use cases, such as adding annotations and inline notes or inserting text boxes, shapes, and stamps. You can also add a digitally encrypted signature to your document so your readers can be sure of the document's source. + +In addition to adding texts and images in PDFs, it's also possible to retrieve them from the document to copy and paste somewhere else. The Area Selection tool in Okular can identify the components within a selected area so you can extract them from the PDF independently of one another. + +You can install Okular using your distribution's package manager or as a Flatpak. + +### Xournal++ + +[Xournal++][6] is a handwriting journal software with annotation tools for PDF files. + +Created to be notetaking software with enhanced handwriting features, it may not be the best option for working with text-based content and professional layouts. However, its ability to render graphics and support for stylus input in writing and drawing make it stand out as a niche productivity tool. + +PDF annotation and sketching are made comfortable with layer management tools, customizable pen point settings, and support for stylus mappings. Xournal++ also has a text tool for adding text boxes and the ability to insert images. + +Xournal++ has installation options for Linux systems (Ubuntu, Debian, Arch, SUSE), macOS, and Windows (10 and above). + +### Summary + +If you're looking for a free and safe alternative to proprietary PDF viewing and editing software, it is not hard to find an open source option, whether for desktop or online use. Just keep in mind that the currently available solutions have their own advantages for different use cases, and there's no single tool that is equally great at all possible tasks. + +These five solutions stand out for their functionality or usefulness for niche PDF tasks. For enterprise use and collaboration, I suggest ONLYOFFICE or LibreOffice Draw. PDF Arranger is a simple, lightweight tool for working with pages when you don't need to alter text. Okular offers great viewer features for multiple file types, and Xournal++ is the best choice if you want to sketch and take notes in your PDFs. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/6/open-source-pdf-editors-linux + +作者：[Michael Korotaev][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/michaelk +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/checklist_hands_team_collaboration.png +[2]: https://opensource.com/article/21/9/libreoffice-tips +[3]: https://opensource.com/article/20/12/onlyoffice-docs +[4]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/com.github.jeromerobert.pdfarranger +[5]: https://opensource.com/article/22/4/linux-kde-eco-certification-okular +[6]: http://xournal.sourceforge.net/ From 450608b6f3ce98ef09d0b1d4b44166a57e59d2bd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Thu, 9 Jun 2022 15:49:58 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 17/75] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020220609=20A=20guide=20to=20container=20orchestration=20?= =?UTF-8?q?with=20Kubernetes.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...container orchestration with Kubernetes.md | 137 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 137 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220609 A guide to container orchestration with Kubernetes.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220609 A guide to container orchestration with Kubernetes.md b/sources/tech/20220609 A guide to container orchestration with Kubernetes.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6050ced755 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220609 A guide to container orchestration with Kubernetes.md @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@ +[#]: subject: "A guide to container orchestration with Kubernetes" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/6/container-orchestration-kubernetes" +[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +A guide to container orchestration with Kubernetes +====== +To learn all about container orchestration with Kubernetes, download our new eBook. + +![CC-BY-SA William Kenlon http://www.williamkenlon.com][1] + +Image by: William Kenlon. CC BY-SA 4.0 + +The term orchestration is relatively new to the IT industry, and it still has nuance that eludes or confuses people who don't spend all day orchestrating. When I describe orchestration to someone, it usually sounds like I'm just describing automation. That's not quite right. In fact, I wrote a whole article differentiating [automation and orchestration][2]. + +An easy way to think about it is that orchestration is just a form of automation. To understand how you can benefit from orchestration, it helps to understand what specifically it automates. + +### Understanding containers + +A container is an image of a file system containing only what's required to run a specific task. Most people don't build containers from scratch, although reading about [how it's done][3] can be elucidating. Instead, it's more common to pull an existing image from a public container hub. + +A container engine is an application that runs a container. When a container is run, it's launched with a kernel mechanism called a `cgroup`, which keeps processes within the container separate from processes running outside the container. + +### Run a container + +You can run a container on your own Linux computer easily with [Podman][4], [Docker][5], or [LXC][6]. They all use similar commands. I recommend Podman, as it's daemonless, meaning a process doesn't have to be running all the time for a container to launch. With Podman, your container engine runs only when necessary. Assuming you have a container engine installed, you can run a container just by referring to a container image you know to exist on a public container hub. + +For instance, to run an Nginx web server: + +``` +$ podman run -p 8080:80 nginx +10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf +10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf +[...] +``` + +Open a separate terminal to test it using [curl][7]: + +``` +$ curl --no-progress-meter localhost:8080 | html2text +# Welcome to nginx! + +If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and +working. Further configuration is required. + +For online documentation and support please refer to +[nginx.org](http://nginx.org/).   +Commercial support is available at [nginx.com](http://nginx.com/). + +_Thank you for using nginx._ +``` + +As web server installs go, that's pretty easy. + +Now imagine that the website you've just deployed gets an unexpected spike in traffic. You hadn't planned for that, and even though Nginx is a very resilient web server, everything has its limits. With enough simultaneous traffic, even Nginx can crash. Now what? + +### Sustaining containers + +Containers are cheap. In other words, as you've just experienced, they're trivial to launch. + +You can use systemd to make a container resilient, too, so that a container automatically relaunches even in the event of a crash. This is where using Podman comes in handy. Podman has a command to generate a systemd service file based on an existing container: + +``` +$ podman create --name mynginx -p 8080:80 nginx +$ podman generate systemd mynginx \ +--restart-policy=always -t 5 -f -n +``` + +You can launch your container service as a regular user: + +``` +$ mkdir -p ~/.config/systemd/user +$ mv ./container-mynginx.service ~/.config/systemd/user/ +$ systemctl enable --now --user container-mynginx.service +$ curl --head localhost:8080 | head -n1 +HTTP/1.1 200 OK +``` + +### Run pods of containers + +Because containers are cheap, you can readily launch more than one container to meet the demand for your service. With two (or more) containers offering the same service, you increase the likelihood that better distribution of labor will successfully manage incoming requests. + +You can group containers together in pods, which Podman (as its name suggests) can create: + +``` +$ systemctl stop --user container-myngnix +$ podman run -dt --pod new:mypod -p 8080:80 nginx +$ podman pod ps +POD ID     NAME   STATUS  CREATED  INFRA ID  # OF CONTAINERS +26424cc... mypod  Running 22m ago  e25b3...   2 +``` + +This can also be automated using systemd: + +``` +$ podman generate systemd mypod \ +--restart-policy=always -t 5 -f -n +``` + +### Clusters of pods and containers + +It's probably clear that containers offer diverse options for how you deploy networked applications and services, especially when you use the right tools to manage them. Both Podman and systemd integrate with containers very effectively, and they can help ensure that your containers are available when they're needed. + +But you don't really want to sit in front of your servers all day and all night just so you can manually add containers to pods any time the whole internet decides to pay you a visit. Even if you could do that, containers are only as robust as the computer they run on. Eventually, containers running on a single server do exhaust that server's bandwidth and memory. + +The solution is a Kubernetes cluster: lots of servers, with one acting as a "control plane" where all configuration is entered and many, many others acting as compute nodes to ensure your containers have all the resources they need. Kubernetes is a big project, and there are many other projects, like [Terraform][8], [Helm][9], and [Ansible][10], that interface with Kubernetes to make common tasks scriptable and easy. It's an important topic for all levels of systems administrators, architects, and developers. + +To learn all about container orchestration with Kubernetes, download our free eBook: **[A guide to orchestration with Kubernetes][11]**. The guide teaches you how to set up a local virtual cluster, deploy an application, set up a graphical interface, understand the YAML files used to configure Kubernetes, and more. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/6/container-orchestration-kubernetes + +作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/kenlon-music-conducting-orchestra.png +[2]: https://opensource.com/article/20/11/orchestration-vs-automation +[3]: https://opensource.com/article/22/2/build-your-own-container-linux-buildah +[4]: https://opensource.com/article/18/12/podman-and-user-namespaces +[5]: https://opensource.com/business/14/8/docker-beginner-guide +[6]: https://opensource.com/article/18/11/behind-scenes-linux-containers +[7]: https://opensource.com/article/20/5/curl-cheat-sheet +[8]: https://opensource.com/article/20/7/terraform-kubernetes +[9]: https://opensource.com/article/20/3/helm-kubernetes-charts +[10]: https://opensource.com/article/22/1/learn-ansible +[11]: https://opensource.com/downloads/guide-orchestration-kubernetes From 2aab23195ba0e0fa6d034ce1e23e4ceb678de242 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: aREversez <53844261+aREversez@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Thu, 9 Jun 2022 16:44:54 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 18/75] translated --- ...nstall FFmpeg in Ubuntu and Other Linux.md | 108 +++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 54 insertions(+), 54 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220603 How to Install FFmpeg in Ubuntu and Other Linux.md b/sources/tech/20220603 How to Install FFmpeg in Ubuntu and Other Linux.md index 58dcc9ab8d..633fe2b0ec 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220603 How to Install FFmpeg in Ubuntu and Other Linux.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220603 How to Install FFmpeg in Ubuntu and Other Linux.md @@ -1,47 +1,47 @@ [#]: subject: "How to Install FFmpeg in Ubuntu and Other Linux" -[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/06/install-ffmpeg-ubuntu/" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/06/install-FFmpeg-ubuntu/" [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "aREversez" +[#]: translator: " " [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " -How to Install FFmpeg in Ubuntu and Other Linux +在 Ubuntu 等 Linux 发行版上安装 FFmpeg ====== -This tutorial outlines the steps required to install FFmpeg in Ubuntu and Other Linux systems. +本教程介绍了 FFmpeg 在 Ubuntu 及其他 Linux 发行版上的安装步骤。 -The ffmpeg is a collection library and software program to manipulate multimedia files. The entire ffmpeg is a robust set of libraries that allows you to convert, stream, and manipulate audio and video files. Many frontend Linux applications use it as backend hence depends on it. For example, a screen recording application may need ffmpeg to convert recorded streams to gif images. +FFmpeg 是一套处理多媒体文件的软件库。凭借这些强大的库，FFmpeg 能够转换格式、推流以及处理音频和视频文件。许多 Linux 的前端应用都使用 FFmpeg 作为后端支持，所以这些应用对 FFmpeg 的依赖度非常高。举个例子，录屏软件可能会用到 FFmpeg 将录屏转换为 gif 动图。 -Popular applications and services that use FFmpeg are VLC Media Player, YouTube, Blender, Kodi, Shotcut, and Handbrake – to name a few. +VLC 多媒体播放器、YouTube、Blender、Kodi、Shotcut 和 Handbrake 等流行的应用与服务都在使用 FFmpeg。 -Fun fact: NASA’s Mars 2020 mission rover Perseverance used FFmpeg to complete and process images and video before beaming back to Earth! +趣事：NASA 火星 2020 计划的探测器“毅力”号在将图像和视频发送到地球之前，会先使用 FFmpeg 对其进行处理。 -### About ffmpeg package +### 关于 FFmpeg -The [ffmpeg][1] itself is a powerful program as a command-line utility. It is available for Linux, Windows, and macOS and supports many architectures. It is written in C and Assembly, providing extensive performance and a cross-platform utility. +[FFmpeg][1] 本身是一款非常强大的命令行实用程序，在 Linux 发行版、Windows 以及 macOS 等系统上均可运行，支持多种架构。FFmpeg 是用 C 语言和汇编语言编写的，性能强大，提供跨平台支持。 -#### The Core +#### 核心 -The core of ffmpeg is the command-line utility or programs. They can be used on the command line or called from any programming language. For example, you can use these from your shell program, python script, etc. +FFmpeg 的核心是命令行实用程序，既可在命令行上使用，也可以经由任何程序语言调用。比如，你可以在 Shell 程序或 python 脚本中使用 FFmpeg。 -* ffmpeg: Used to convert audio and video streams, including sources from LIVE streams such as TV cards -* ffplay: Media player bundled in this package to play media -* ffprobe: Command line tool to show media information – can output as txtm csv, xml, json formats +* FFmpeg: 用于转换音视频格式，包括视频直播资源。 +* ffplay: FFmpeg 配套使用的媒体播放器 +* ffprobe: 显示媒体文件信息的命令行工具，可将信息输出为 csv、xml、json 等格式。 -### FFmpeg Installation +### FFmpeg 安装 -Installing FFmpeg is easy in Ubuntu and other Linux distributions. Open a terminal prompt and run the following commands to install. +在 Ubuntu 等 Linux 发行版上， FFmpeg 的安装比较简单。打开终端，运行以下命令安装即可。 -#### Ubuntu and similar distro +#### Ubuntu 及与其相似的发行版 ``` -sudo apt install ffmpeg +sudo apt install FFmpeg ``` #### Fedora -For Fedora Linux, you need to add the [RPM Fusion repo][2] for FFmpeg. The official Fedora repo doesn’t have the FFmpeg package. +在 Fedora Linux 上安装 FFmpeg，你需要添加 [RPM Fusion 仓库][2]，因为 Fedora 官方仓库没有 FFmpeg 软件包。 ``` sudo dnf install https://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm @@ -52,62 +52,62 @@ sudo dnf install https://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfre ``` ``` -sudo dnf install ffmpeg +sudo dnf install FFmpeg ``` #### Arch Linux ``` -pacman -S ffmpeg +pacman -S FFmpeg ``` -After the successful installation, you can verify the installation using the below command. +安装完成后，可输入以下命令查看安装是否成功。 ``` -ffmpeg --version +FFmpeg --version ``` ![FFmpeg installed in Ubuntu Linux][3] -### Example: How to do basic tasks using ffmpeg +### 案例：FFmpeg 的基本操作 -First, let me give you a simple example of the basic syntax. Consider the following example. It simply converts an mp4 file to mkv file. +首先，我们先来看看 FFmpeg 语法的一个简单例子。如下，该语法可以将 mp4 文件转换为 mkv 文件。 -1. Convert a basic video file +1. 视频文件格式转换 ``` -ffmpeg -i big_buck_bunny.mp4 big_buck_bunny.mkv +FFmpeg -i big_buck_bunny.mp4 big_buck_bunny.mkv ``` -Of course, this is the easiest method, but it’s not complete because it doesn’t have the bit rate, resolution and other attributes of the video file required for the conversion. +当然，这种写法最为简单易懂，但它并不完整，因为没有输入 比特率bit rate、分辨率resolution 以及其他的视频文件属性。 -1. Convert an audio file +2. 音频文件格式转换 -Secondly, you can convert an audio file using a similar command. +第二，输入与上面相似的命令可以转换音频文件的格式。 ``` -ffmpeg -i sunny_day.ogg sunny_day.mp3 +FFmpeg -i sunny_day.ogg sunny_day.mp3 ``` -1. Convert with an audio and video codec +3. 使用音视频 codec 执行格式转换 -Finally, the following example can convert a video file using specified codecs. The parameter `-c` with `a` or `v` defines audio and video, respectively. The below command uses `libvpx` video and `libvorbis` audio codec for conversion. +最后，在下面的例子中，我们可以使用特定的 编解码器codec 来转换视频格式。参数 `-c` 搭配 `a` 或者 `v`，可以分别定义音频和视频文件。以下转换命令使用 `libvpx` 视频编解码器和 `libvorbis` 音频编解码器。 ``` -ffmpeg -i big_buck_bunny.mp4 -c:v libvpx -c:a libvorbis big_buck_bunny.webm +FFmpeg -i big_buck_bunny.mp4 -c:v libvpx -c:a libvorbis big_buck_bunny.webm ``` -### How to find out about the available codecs, encoders and decoders in your system? +### 如何确定自己系统中有哪些编码器和解码器？ -#### List all codecs +#### 显示所有编解码器 -To list all the codecs available, run the below command. +输入以下命令，打印所有编解码器。 ``` -ffmpeg -codecs +FFmpeg -codecs ``` -This command lists all the codecs available with their capability, whether they support decoding or encoding, etc. Moreover, they are identified with the position as per the below table. +该命令可以打印出所有可用的编解码器，并显示每个编解码器对应的功能信息，比如是否支持解码或编码。此外，如以下输出结果所示，打印出来的信息还会按照首字母顺序标注出每个编码器和解码器的位置。 ``` D..... = Decoding supported.E.... = Encoding supported..V... = Video codec..A... = Audio codec..S... = Subtitle codec...I.. = Intra frame-only codec....L. = Lossy compression.....S = Lossless compression @@ -115,49 +115,49 @@ D..... = Decoding supported.E.... = Encoding supported..V... = Video codec..A... ![FFmpeg Codec list][4] -#### List all encoders +#### 显示所有编码器 -Listing all the encoders is accessible via the below command. +输入下列命令，打印出所有编码器 ``` -ffmpeg -encoders +FFmpeg -encoders ``` -#### List all decoders +#### 显示所有解码器 -Similarly, the decoders list you can get via the below command. +同样，输入下列命令，打印出所有解码器。 ``` -ffmpeg -decoders +FFmpeg -decoders ``` -#### Details +#### 更多信息 -You can also get more details about the encoders or decoders using the parameter -h. +输入参数 `-h`，获取更多关于编码器或解码器的信息。 ``` -ffmpeg -h decoder=mp3 +FFmpeg -h decoder=mp3 ``` -### Summary +### 总结 -I hope you learned the basics of FFmpeg and its commands. You can learn more about the program via the official [documentation][5]. +我希望这篇文章可以帮助你了解 FFmpeg 的基本知识及基本命令。若要了解更多信息，可前往 FFmpeg 官方网站，浏览 [帮助文章Documentation][5]。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/06/install-ffmpeg-ubuntu/ +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/06/install-FFmpeg-ubuntu/ 作者：[Arindam][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[aREversez](https://github.com/aREversez) +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ [b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://ffmpeg.org/ +[1]: https://FFmpeg.org/ [2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/07/enable-rpm-fusion-fedora-rhel-centos/ [3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/FFmpeg-installed-in-Ubuntu-Linux.jpg [4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/FFmpeg-Codec-list.jpg -[5]: https://ffmpeg.org/documentation.html +[5]: https://FFmpeg.org/documentation.html From a09543bfde783697f9547ac516897571d4d12ebc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: aREversez <53844261+aREversez@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Thu, 9 Jun 2022 16:48:37 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 19/75] translated --- .../20220603 How to Install FFmpeg in Ubuntu and Other Linux.md | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename {sources => translated}/tech/20220603 How to Install FFmpeg in Ubuntu and Other Linux.md (100%) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220603 How to Install FFmpeg in Ubuntu and Other Linux.md b/translated/tech/20220603 How to Install FFmpeg in Ubuntu and Other Linux.md similarity index 100% rename from sources/tech/20220603 How to Install FFmpeg in Ubuntu and Other Linux.md rename to translated/tech/20220603 How to Install FFmpeg in Ubuntu and Other Linux.md From 8b62e4299f9fb1a173a5214fd56bc9569dd94edc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Donkey <58808837+Donkey-Hao@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Thu, 9 Jun 2022 18:53:52 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 20/75] Translated a news This is my first time translating in LCTT group. --- ...sed, Concluding ARM Generic Kernel Work.md | 101 ----------------- ...sed, Concluding ARM Generic Kernel Work.md | 103 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 103 insertions(+), 101 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/20220607 Linux Kernel 5.19 RC1 Released, Concluding ARM Generic Kernel Work.md create mode 100644 translated/news/20220607 Linux Kernel 5.19 RC1 Released, Concluding ARM Generic Kernel Work.md diff --git a/sources/news/20220607 Linux Kernel 5.19 RC1 Released, Concluding ARM Generic Kernel Work.md b/sources/news/20220607 Linux Kernel 5.19 RC1 Released, Concluding ARM Generic Kernel Work.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8f58b6aa8a..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20220607 Linux Kernel 5.19 RC1 Released, Concluding ARM Generic Kernel Work.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,101 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Linux Kernel 5.19 RC1 Released, Concluding ARM Generic Kernel Work" -[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/06/linux-kernel-5-19-rc1/" -[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Linux Kernel 5.19 RC1 Released, Concluding ARM Generic Kernel Work -====== -Linus Torvalds releases Linux Kernel 5.19 RC1 for testing, bringing a vast amount of changes. - -Following the [Linux Kernel 5.18][1] release last month, Linus Torvalds announced the first release candidate availability of Linux Kernel 5.19. With this announcement, the official merge window of Linux Kernel 5.19 closes, meaning no new features are to be accepted unless it’s critical. - -A brief look at the new items in Linux Kernel 5.19 shows regular updates across CPU, GPU, networking, storage and core modules. In addition, the code cleanups, removal of obsolete hardware and continuous support for future chipsets are the highlight of this release. - -Without further introduction, let’s take a look at the new features. - -### Linux Kernel 5.19 – New Features (RC1) - -#### Processor - -First and foremost, Linux Kernel 5.19 begins [initial support][2]for the LoongArch CPU family. It is developed by the Chinese company [Loongson][3]. LoongArch CPUs are the general general-purpose, MIPS architecture-compatible microprocessors. Although the support is now available, you can not boot Linux in these CPUs because some code is still under review. And hopefully, they will be already in the 5.20 version. - -The new [Intel IFS driver lands][4] in this version which helps to detect hardware issues before deployment and after. It will help detect CPU faults at the circuit level at an early stage. - -The power management and thermal work have continued for the last couple of Kernel releases for Intel CPUs. And [this release][5] also is no exception. Firstly, the Intel Run-Time Average Power Limiting (RAPL) support was added for Raptor and Alder Lake family. Second, the P-state driver is improved to handle frequency variance and CPU based scaling support is added to the passive devfreq. - -While the thermal and power dominated Intel CPUs, AMD sees more performance updates in its own CPU families. Firstly, more updates were [introduced][6] in the Instruction-Based Sampling (IBS) module for AMD Zen 4 CPUs are planned for the end of this year. Moreover, PerfMonV2 is introduced in this release giving more performance monitoring capabilities. - -Furthermore, the a.out support is removed in this release. Also, the Renesas H8/300 CPU architecture support is removed as its obsolete by now. - -#### Major ARM update - -Finally, the mainline Linux Kernel can [support multiple ARM platforms][7] with this release. This is a big step in this version, which is heard in Linus’s opening note on this Rc1 release. This is a long process that started with Linux 3.7 and spanned more than a decade of work and patches. - -![Linux Kernel 5.19 Rc1 release announcement mentions ARM changes][8] - -#### Graphics and Storage Updates - -The storage subsystem sees performance improvements across popular file systems. The significant changes include Apple M1 NVMe controller support and better support for the XFS file system. In addition, enhancements arrive for Btrfs, F2FS and exFAT file systems. - -One of the exciting metrics in terms of LOC is Linux Kernel 5.19 adds around [half-million lines of code][9] for the Graphics driver alone. It includes graphics updates across AMD RDNA, CDNA, Intel’s Raptor Lake, Intel’s DG2/Alchemist and more. - -#### Important Networking Changes - -Looking at the massive growth in the data transmission, the support for Big TCP lands which helps the data centre traffic at a range of 400GBit. It also aims to give lower latency in high-performance networking environments. - -The Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) continues its improvements. In addition to that, Qualcomm ath11k WiFi driver adds wake-on-lan support in this version. Also, support is added for Realtek 8852ce chipset, MediaTek T700 modems and Rensas RZ/V2M - -#### Other Notable Features - -Firstly, the famous random number generator in Kernel [continues][10] its improvements in this release. - -Second, the famous and emerging Framework Modular Laptop gets this release Chrome OS EC Driver support. The Framework laptop now can take advantage of ChromeOS’s embedded controller as a non-Chromebook device. - -Moreover, more updates arrive at Wacom tabs and other related devices. It [includes][11] improved support for Lenovo Thinkpad TrackPoint II, Google Whiskers Touchpad, Lenovo X12 TrackPoint, etc. - -### Linux Kernel 5.19 Download - -If you want to test and try this release candidate, download the release tarball [here][12]. Or refer below for a direct link to tar and diffs. - -| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -| :- | :- | :- | :- | :- | :- | :- | :- | :- | -| mainline: | 5.19-rc1 | 2022-06-06 | [tarball][13] | | [patch][14] | | [view diff][15] | [browse][16] | - -There will be multiple kernel iterations until the final release, expected around July 2022. - -*[Via Kernel mailing list.][17]* - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/06/linux-kernel-5-19-rc1/ - -作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/linux-kernel-5-18/ -[2]: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=c6f2f3e2c80e975804360665d973211e4d9390cb -[3]: http://www.loongson.cn/ -[4]: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/13e61c61-0d4b-5f48-6373-f056bf8b603f@redhat.com/ -[5]: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-acpi/CAJZ5v0hKBt3js65w18iKxzWoN5QuEc84_2xcM6paSv-ZHwe3Rw@mail.gmail.com/ -[6]: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/You6yGPUttvBcg8s@gmail.com/ -[7]: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=ecf0aa5317b0ad6bb015128a5b763c954fd58708 -[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Linux-Kernel-5.19-Rc1-release-announcement-mentions-ARM-changes.jpg -[9]: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAPM=9tw62EZfAm0PbiOPmMrpfR98QMFTWGEQcA34G4ap4xxNkA@mail.gmail.com/ -[10]: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20220522214457.37108-1-Jason@zx2c4.com/T/#u -[11]: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/nycvar.YFH.7.76.2205241107530.28985@cbobk.fhfr.pm/ -[12]: https://www.kernel.org/ -[13]: https://git.kernel.org/torvalds/t/linux-5.19-rc1.tar.gz -[14]: https://git.kernel.org/torvalds/p/v5.19-rc1/v5.18 -[15]: https://git.kernel.org/torvalds/ds/v5.19-rc1/v5.18 -[16]: https://git.kernel.org/torvalds/h/v5.19-rc1 -[17]: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAHk-=wgZt-YDSKfdyES2p6A_KJoG8DwQ0mb9CeS8jZYp+0Y2Rw@mail.gmail.com/T/#u diff --git a/translated/news/20220607 Linux Kernel 5.19 RC1 Released, Concluding ARM Generic Kernel Work.md b/translated/news/20220607 Linux Kernel 5.19 RC1 Released, Concluding ARM Generic Kernel Work.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..07bd40ff4e --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/20220607 Linux Kernel 5.19 RC1 Released, Concluding ARM Generic Kernel Work.md @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ +[#]: subject: "Linux Kernel 5.19 系列第一个候选版本（RC1）发布，包含 ARM 通用工作" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/06/linux-kernel-5-19-rc1/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " Donkey-Hao " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Linux Kernel 5.19 系列第一个候选版本（RC1）发布，包含 ARM 通用工作 +====== +Linus Torvalds 发布了 Linux Kernel 5.19 RC1 进行测试，带来了重大变化。 + +继上个月 [Linux Kernel 5.18][1] 发布之后，Linus Torvalds 宣布 Linux Kernel 5.19 系列第一个候选版本可用。同时，Linux Kernel 5.19 官方合并窗口关闭，这意味着只有很关键的特性才会被接受。 + +简要介绍一下 Linux Kernel 5.19 的项目，会发现 CPU、GPU、网络、存储和核心模块会定期更新。 此外，代码清理、淘汰过时硬件和对以后芯片组的持续支持是此版本的亮点。 + +让我们简单来看一下这些新特性。 + +### Linux Kernel 5.19(RC1) 的新特性 + +#### 处理器 + +最重要的是，Linux Kernel 5.19 开始对龙芯架构 CPU 的 [初步支持][2]。龙芯由中国龙芯中科公司设计开发。龙芯架构下的 CPU 是通用 MIPS 架构兼容微处理器。尽管现在提供了支持，但是你仍不能在龙芯 CPU 上启动 Linux 因为一些代码还在审核中。希望在 5.20 版本中能够使用。 + + +[Intel IFS 驱动 ][4] 在该版本中落地，这有助于在部署前后发现硬件问题。它能够在早期发现 CPU 关键部分的错误。 + + +电源管理和散热工作在英特尔 CPU 的最后几个内核版本中继续进行。 在 [这个版本][5] 也不例外。首先，为 Raptor 和 Alder Lake 家族添加了英特尔运行时平均功率限制（RAPL）的支持。其次，为了处理频率变化升级了 P-state 驱动，并且基于 CPU 的缩放支持被添加到被动的 devfreq 中。 + + +虽然散热和供电主导着英特尔 CPU ，但 AMD 看到了自己 CPU 系列更多的性能更新。首先，计划在今年年底完成 ZMD Zen 4 CPUs 的 Instruction-Based Sampling (IBS) 模块的很多更新。此外，此版本引入了 PerfMonV2 ，提供了更多性能监视能力。 + +此外，该版本中移除了 a.out 支持。同样，过时的 Renesas H8/300 CPU 也被移除了。 +#### 主要 ARM 更新 + +最后，主线 Linux Kernel 能够 [支持多个 ARM 平台][7]。在 Linus 的 RC1 开场白中可以看到，这是此版本中的巨大改变！从 Linux 3.7 开始跨越了十多年的工作，这是多么漫长的过程。 + +![Linux Kernel 5.19 Rc1 发布公告提到了 ARM 更改][8] + +#### 图像和存储升级 + +存储子系统实现了跨越流行文件系统的性能提升。最主要的变化包括苹果 M1 NVMe 控制器支持和对 XFS 文件系统的更好支持。此外，提升了 Btrfs ， F2FS 以及 exFAT 文件系统。 + +关于 LOC 有一个令人兴奋的指标是仅图像驱动程序， Linux Kernel 5.19 增加了大约[50 万行代码][9] 。包括 AMD RDNA, CDNA, 英特尔的 Raptor Lake, DG2/Alchemist 等图形架构更新。 + +#### 重要的网络变化 + +鉴于数据传输大幅增长，对 Big TCP 的支持有助于数据中心流量达到 400 GBit 的范围。它还可以在高性能网络环境中降低延迟。 + +继续改进了 Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) 。此外，高通 ath11k WiFi 驱动程序在此版本中添加了网络唤醒功能。同样增加了对瑞昱的 8852ce 芯片，联发科的 T700 调制解调器以及瑞萨科技的 RZ/V2M 的支持。 + +#### 其他值得注意的功能 + +首先，内核中著名的随机函数生成器在此版本中 [继续][10] 改进。 + +其次，著名的初创公司 Framework 模块化笔记本电脑获得了此版本 Chrome OS EC 驱动支持。 Framework 笔记本现在可以利用 ChromeOS 的嵌入式控制器作为 non-Chromebook 设备。 + +此外， Wacom 绘画板以及其他相关设备也有众多更新。 [包括][11] 对联想 Thinkpad TrackPoint II, 谷歌 Whiskers Touchpad, 联想 X12 TrackPoint 等设备支持的提升。 + +### Linux Kernel 5.19 下载 + +如果你想要测试并尝试该候选版本，可以在 [这里][12] 下载。或者参考下面的链接。 + +| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | +| :- | :- | :- | :- | :- | :- | :- | :- | :- | +| mainline: | 5.19-rc1 | 2022-06-06 | [tarball][13] | | [patch][14] | | [view diff][15] | [browse][16] | + +预计在2022年7月左右最终版本发布前，将会有多个版本更迭。 + +*[Kernel 邮件列表.][17]* + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/06/linux-kernel-5-19-rc1/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[Donkey-Hao](https://github.com/Donkey-Hao) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/05/linux-kernel-5-18/ +[2]: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=c6f2f3e2c80e975804360665d973211e4d9390cb +[3]: http://www.loongson.cn/ +[4]: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/13e61c61-0d4b-5f48-6373-f056bf8b603f@redhat.com/ +[5]: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-acpi/CAJZ5v0hKBt3js65w18iKxzWoN5QuEc84_2xcM6paSv-ZHwe3Rw@mail.gmail.com/ +[6]: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/You6yGPUttvBcg8s@gmail.com/ +[7]: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=ecf0aa5317b0ad6bb015128a5b763c954fd58708 +[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Linux-Kernel-5.19-Rc1-release-announcement-mentions-ARM-changes.jpg +[9]: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAPM=9tw62EZfAm0PbiOPmMrpfR98QMFTWGEQcA34G4ap4xxNkA@mail.gmail.com/ +[10]: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20220522214457.37108-1-Jason@zx2c4.com/T/#u +[11]: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/nycvar.YFH.7.76.2205241107530.28985@cbobk.fhfr.pm/ +[12]: https://www.kernel.org/ +[13]: https://git.kernel.org/torvalds/t/linux-5.19-rc1.tar.gz +[14]: https://git.kernel.org/torvalds/p/v5.19-rc1/v5.18 +[15]: https://git.kernel.org/torvalds/ds/v5.19-rc1/v5.18 +[16]: https://git.kernel.org/torvalds/h/v5.19-rc1 +[17]: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAHk-=wgZt-YDSKfdyES2p6A_KJoG8DwQ0mb9CeS8jZYp+0Y2Rw@mail.gmail.com/T/#u From 8f61c980ac54cb4248d9e24131107817f6c1cd06 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E9=83=91?= Date: Thu, 9 Jun 2022 19:32:18 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 21/75] Transalted --- ... Updated Desktop Environments, and More.md | 99 ------------------- ... Updated Desktop Environments, and More.md | 99 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 99 insertions(+), 99 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/20220609 openSUSE Leap 15.4 Release Adds Leap Micro 5.2, Updated Desktop Environments, and More.md create mode 100644 translated/news/20220609 openSUSE Leap 15.4 Release Adds Leap Micro 5.2, Updated Desktop Environments, and More.md diff --git a/sources/news/20220609 openSUSE Leap 15.4 Release Adds Leap Micro 5.2, Updated Desktop Environments, and More.md b/sources/news/20220609 openSUSE Leap 15.4 Release Adds Leap Micro 5.2, Updated Desktop Environments, and More.md deleted file mode 100644 index fff90f5370..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20220609 openSUSE Leap 15.4 Release Adds Leap Micro 5.2, Updated Desktop Environments, and More.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,99 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "openSUSE Leap 15.4 Release Adds Leap Micro 5.2, Updated Desktop Environments, and More" -[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/opensuse-leap-15-4-release/" -[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "robsean" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -openSUSE Leap 15.4 Release Adds Leap Micro 5.2, Updated Desktop Environments, and More -====== -openSUSE Leap 15.4 is here to catch up with SUSE Linux Enterprise Service Pack 4 with new upgrades, and essential improvements. - -![opensuse 15.4][1] - -The upcoming openSUSE minor release is finally here. If you use OpenSUSE as your daily driver for desktop or server, you might have already tested the release candidate version available for a couple of weeks now. - -The openSUSE Leap 15.4 focuses on software package updates to match the SUSE Linux Enterprise 15 Service Pack 4. So, you will notice several deprecated packages, and new upgrades available to replace them. - -Of course, you should have some packages available to ensure compatibility. But, most of the older ones have been removed. - -### openSUSE Leap 15.4: What’s New? - -To match the latest SUSE Linux Enterprise (SLE), packages like Python 2 and KDE 4 have been removed. You can find newer desktop environments with this release. - -Furthermore, for containers and AI/ML use-cases, podman, containerd, Tensorflow,and Grafana have been updated. - -#### Leap Micro 5.2 - -Leap Micro is the latest version of its lightweight operating system tailored for container and virtualized workloads. It is a new offering of [MicroOS][2] for Leap, which is a variant of Tumbleweed, providing automated administration and patching. - -#### Desktop Environments - -Xfce 4.16 is here to stay, but you can find additions for new major features that include new icons, and palettes. - -The settings manager in Xfce 4.16 also received a visual refresh. Similarly, there were some improvements to file manager (Thunar), dark mode support for a new status tray plugin, and more. - -KDE 4 packages have been dropped, Plasma 5.24 LTS has been included as an LTS release. - -To explore the changes, you can check out our original coverage for [KDE Plasma 5.24 LTS][3]. Overall, the new KDE Plasma experience should be impressive for desktop users. - -When it comes to GNOME, you can find GNOME 41 included with Leap 15.4 with a range of improvements and new features. Learn more about [GNOME 41][4] to know what you can expect. - -For other available desktop environments, Leap 15.4 includes: - -* MATE 1.26 -* Enlightenment 0.25.3 -* Deepin Desktop Environment 20.3 - -#### Dropped Packages - -Some essential packages removed include python 2 (end of life), digikam, tensorflow 1.x, and Qt 4 packages. - -You will find Qt 5 and Plasma 5 available to update the system. - -#### Updated Packages - -Many vital packages have been updated for Leap 15.4, some of the popular ones include: - -* TensorFlow 2.6.2 -* podman 3.4.4 -* GNU Health 4.0 -* sudo 1.9.9 -* systemd 249.10 -* AppArmor 3.04 -* DNF 4.10.0 -* LibreOffice 7.2.5 - -So, you should notice useful upgrades for both server users and desktop users with various application updates. Many multimedia applications like VLC, and GNOME MPV have also received upgrades. - -#### Other Improvements - -Along with essential updates, and clean up, you can also find a newer Linux Kernel 5.14.21 maintained by SUSE. - -The hardware support should see an improvement with the updated kernel. - -For more information, you can refer to the release notes for [openSUSE Leap 15.4][5]. - -[Download openSUSE Leap 15.4][6] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://news.itsfoss.com/opensuse-leap-15-4-release/ - -作者：[Ankush Das][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/opensuse-leap-15-4.jpg -[2]: https://microos.opensuse.org/ -[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/kde-plasma-5-24-lts-release/ -[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/gnome-41-release/ -[5]: https://doc.opensuse.org/release-notes/x86_64/openSUSE/Leap/15.4/#rnotes -[6]: https://get.opensuse.org/leap/15.4/ diff --git a/translated/news/20220609 openSUSE Leap 15.4 Release Adds Leap Micro 5.2, Updated Desktop Environments, and More.md b/translated/news/20220609 openSUSE Leap 15.4 Release Adds Leap Micro 5.2, Updated Desktop Environments, and More.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c6ab275f1c --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/20220609 openSUSE Leap 15.4 Release Adds Leap Micro 5.2, Updated Desktop Environments, and More.md @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +[#]: subject: "openSUSE Leap 15.4 Release Adds Leap Micro 5.2, Updated Desktop Environments, and More" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/opensuse-leap-15-4-release/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "robsean" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +openSUSE Leap 15.4 发布版本添加了 Leap Micro 5.2、更新桌面环境等等 +====== +为奋起直追 SUSE Linux Enterprise 的 Service Pack 4 ，openSUSE Leap 15.4 到来了，带来了新的升级和极其重要的改善。 + +![opensuse 15.4][1] + +即将到来的 openSUSE 小发布版本终于要来了。如果你使用 OpenSUSE 作为你日常驱动的桌面或服务器版本，你现在可能已经测试候选版本好几周了。 + +openSUSE Leap 15.4 专注于软件包的更新，用以奋起直追 SUSE Linux Enterprise 的 Service Pack 4 。因此，你将注意到一些弃用的软件包，以及可用于替换它们的新的升级。 + +当然，你应该有一些可用的软件包来确保兼容性。但是，大多数较旧的版本已经被移除。 + +### openSUSE Leap 15.4: 有什么新的变化？ + +为与最新的 SUSE Linux Enterprise (SLE) 相适应，像 Python 2 和 KDE 4 一样的软件包已经被移除。你可以在这次的发布版本中找到较新的桌面环境。 + +此外，在容器和 AI/ML 用例方面，更新 podman、containerd、Tensorflow 和 Grafana。 + +#### Leap Micro 5.2 + +Leap Micro 是针对容器和虚拟化工作负载定制的轻量级操作系统的最新版本。它也是一个针对 leap 的 [MicroOS][2] 的新作品，它是 Tumbleweed 的一种变体, 提供自动地管理和修补。 + +#### 桌面环境 + +Xfce 4.16 继续保留，但是你可以找到下一个主要版本中的一些的特色功能，包括新图标和调色板。 + +在 Xfce 4.16 中的设置管理器也获得了视觉上的刷新。类似地，文件管理器 (Thunar) 也有一些改善，暗黑模式支持一个新的状态托盘插件等等。 + +KDE 4 软件包已经被弃用，Plasma 5.24 LTS 已经包含在一个 LTS 发布版本中。 + +为探索这些更改，你可以查看我们针对 [KDE Plasma 5.24 LTS][3] 的原始的新闻报道。总得来说，新的 KDE Plasma 体验应该会令桌面用户赞叹。 + +当它来到 GNOME 时，你可以发现包含在 openSUSE Leap 15.4 中的 GNOME 41 带来了一系列的改善和新的特色功能。了解更多关于 [GNOME 41][4] 的信息来知道你可以期待哪些新的特色功能。 + +对于其它的可用的桌面环境来说，Leap 15.4 包括： + +* MATE 桌面环境 1.26 +* Enlightenment 桌面环境0.25.3 +* 深度Deepin 桌面环境 20.3 + +#### 弃用的软件包 + +一些极其重要的软件包已经被移除，包括 python 2 (生命终结)、digika、tensorflow 1.x 和 Qt 4 等软件包。 + +在更新系统后，你将找到可用的 Qt 5 和 Plasma 5 。 + +#### 更新的软件包 + +针对 Leap 15.4 更新了很多重要的软件包, 包含一些流行的软件包： + +* TensorFlow 2.6.2 +* podman 3.4.4 +* GNU Health 4.0 +* sudo 1.9.9 +* systemd 249.10 +* AppArmor 3.04 +* DNF 4.10.0 +* LibreOffice 7.2.5 + +因此，你应该会注意到一些有用的针对服务器用户和桌面用户的各种各样的应用程序的更新的升级。很多多媒体应用程序，像 VLC、GNOME MPV 等，都接受到了升级。 + +#### 其它改善 + +随着极其重要的软件的更新和清理，你也可以找到一个较新的由 SUSE 维护的 Linux 内核 5.14.21 版本。 + +随着内核的更新，硬件的支持也会带来改善。 + +更多信息，你可以参考针对 [openSUSE Leap 15.4][5] 的发布版本说明。 + +[下载 openSUSE Leap 15.4][6] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/opensuse-leap-15-4-release/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/opensuse-leap-15-4.jpg +[2]: https://microos.opensuse.org/ +[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/kde-plasma-5-24-lts-release/ +[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/gnome-41-release/ +[5]: https://doc.opensuse.org/release-notes/x86_64/openSUSE/Leap/15.4/#rnotes +[6]: https://get.opensuse.org/leap/15.4/ From f04fa6ce81c8fc08047f01f6c5f22c6acadd2c97 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Thu, 9 Jun 2022 20:17:36 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 22/75] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][ne?= =?UTF-8?q?ws]:=2020220609=20Atom=20Text=20Editor=20Will=20Officially=20Be?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Terminated=20Later=20This=20Year.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...fficially Be Terminated Later This Year.md | 41 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 41 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/20220609 Atom Text Editor Will Officially Be Terminated Later This Year.md diff --git a/sources/news/20220609 Atom Text Editor Will Officially Be Terminated Later This Year.md b/sources/news/20220609 Atom Text Editor Will Officially Be Terminated Later This Year.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..94ecc00027 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20220609 Atom Text Editor Will Officially Be Terminated Later This Year.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +[#]: subject: "Atom Text Editor Will Officially Be Terminated Later This Year" +[#]: via: "https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/06/atom-text-editor-will-officially-be-terminated-later-this-year/" +[#]: author: "Laveesh Kocher https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/laveesh-kocher/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Atom Text Editor Will Officially Be Terminated Later This Year +====== +![github-cover][1] + +On December 15, Microsoft’s GitHub will shut down Atom, its open source text editor that inspired and influenced widely used commercial apps such as Microsoft Visual Studio Code, Slack, and GitHub Desktop. The social code company stated that it is doing so to focus on cloud-based software. + +GitHub Codespaces is a cloud-hosted development environment with Visual Studio Code integration. When Microsoft acquired Github in June 2018, Nat Friedman, the CEO at the time, reassured the GitHub community that Atom was still alive and well. + +Atom has come to a halt after four years of progress. Apart from maintenance and security updates, the project hasn’t seen significant feature development in several years, according to GitHub. Community involvement has declined during this time, and the business of locally installed software now appears less appealing than the potential recurring revenue, vendor lock-in, and information gathering enabled by cloud-based apps. + +The Atom shell – a separate component for integrating with Chromium, Node.js, and native APIs – was renamed Electron (a cross-platform app framework based on web tech) in 2015, and Microsoft began working with GitHub on Atom and Electron and what would become Visual Studio Code. + +That relationship has now followed the famous Microsoft model of embrace, extend, and extinguish, though Atom’s demise appears to be more like pushing dead weight out of a cloud-bound balloon than a strategically advantageous hit. + +Atom’s influence should be felt through the Electron framework. Electron.js is still the foundation for apps such as Discord, Skype, Slack, Trello, and Visual Studio Code, among others. However, technology evolves. Microsoft previously stated that it intends to abandon Electron in Teams. Other cross-platform frameworks, such as Flutter, Tauri, and Microsoft’s recently announced.NET Multi-platform App UI (.NET MAUI), may gain traction as well. + +Nonetheless, Atom is expected to operate past its December 15, 2022 decommissioning date. GitHub intends to archive the Atom repository, but the code is open source and available to anyone who wants to champion the project. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/06/atom-text-editor-will-officially-be-terminated-later-this-year/ + +作者：[Laveesh Kocher][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/laveesh-kocher/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/github-cover-e1654769639273.jpg From 6a763c4b83b2138e5d2d620adfc34e5f6b43a874 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Donkey <58808837+Donkey-Hao@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Thu, 9 Jun 2022 20:22:44 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 23/75] Update 20210319 Create a countdown clock with a Raspberry Pi.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 申领原文 --- .../20210319 Create a countdown clock with a Raspberry Pi.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20210319 Create a countdown clock with a Raspberry Pi.md b/sources/tech/20210319 Create a countdown clock with a Raspberry Pi.md index bc376bd374..6b042c6d86 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20210319 Create a countdown clock with a Raspberry Pi.md +++ b/sources/tech/20210319 Create a countdown clock with a Raspberry Pi.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/3/raspberry-pi-countdown-clock) [#]: author: (Chris Collins https://opensource.com/users/clcollins) [#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: ( ) +[#]: translator: ( Donkey-Hao ) [#]: reviewer: ( ) [#]: publisher: ( ) [#]: url: ( ) From 34aedd6b1fdaa1aaa87cd22dac4bc1a1d4fbd33b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Thu, 9 Jun 2022 20:32:44 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 24/75] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][ta?= =?UTF-8?q?lk]:=2020220609=20SSL=20Certificates-=20=20Make=20the=20Right?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Choice.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...SL Certificates- Make the Right Choice.md | 120 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 120 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/20220609 SSL Certificates- Make the Right Choice.md diff --git a/sources/talk/20220609 SSL Certificates- Make the Right Choice.md b/sources/talk/20220609 SSL Certificates- Make the Right Choice.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7f66bd67f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20220609 SSL Certificates- Make the Right Choice.md @@ -0,0 +1,120 @@ +[#]: subject: "SSL Certificates: Make the Right Choice" +[#]: via: "https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/06/ssl-certificates-make-the-right-choice/" +[#]: author: "Jitendra Bhojwani https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/jitendra-bhojwani/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +SSL Certificates: Make the Right Choice +====== +Increasingly sophisticated techniques are being used to hack into data today. So it has become extremely important to use even better ways to protect your customers’ data. SSL certification is one such way. This article looks at the different types of SSL certificates and how to choose one that suits your organisation. + +![SSL-certificate][1] + +*Increasingly sophisticated techniques are being used to hack into data today. So it has become extremely important to use even better ways to protect your customers’ data. SSL certification is one such way. This article looks at the different types of SSL certificates and how to choose one that suits your organisation.* + +SSL certificates are an apt solution for securing data in transit. They create an automated mechanism to encrypt the transfer of data between the server and browser (or site and visitor). This encryption can only be decrypted by the intended system. So it discourages hackers from stealing data, and offers complete security against transit attacks on it. + +Along with securing communication, SSL certificates also build trust with customers and help you emerge as a credible business by displaying virtual trust icons like a padlock, HTTPS prefix, and a green address bar. So let’s learn about the major types of SSL certificates and how to choose the one that works best for you. + +### SSL certificate options: Similarities and differences + +Let’s first discuss the basic similarity all SSL certificates share. Regardless of their type, price and scope, every SSL certificate encrypts the to-and-fro communication between the site’s server and the Internet browser of your visitor. + +The difference lies in the terms and conditions of the validation process and the number of domains/subdomains it covers, etc. Proceeding to purchase an SSL certificate without first reviewing your present and future needs may result in costly mistakes, and you may end up paying a hefty amount for advanced features that are irrelevant to your business. Or you may get tempted to buy a cheap certificate that isn’t a perfect fit for your business needs. +Due to the crucial role it plays, an SSL certificate is issued by an official certificate authority after a thorough verification procedure to confirm the legitimacy of ownership. So, this certificate not only encrypts the communication between websites and audiences, but also ensures the legal position of a site. It plays a vital role in building trust. + +As you have now understood why we need a SSL certificate, we can discuss the different types of popular SSL certificates, along with their benefits and issuance procedures. + +### Domain validation (DV) SSL certificate + +The most basic of the three types of SSL certificates, the DV or domain validation certificate confirms the ownership of a domain through an automated online process. All you have to do is to complete a few basic steps to prove that you are the legitimate owner of the domain to get this certificate. Though easiest to get, this type of certificate helps in building only a basic level of trust. + +After completing the DV certification procedure, you are allocated trust-building visual elements — a static seal, a padlock icon, and an HTTPS prefix in your URL. + +Cheapest prices and quick, automated processes are the two major benefits of a DV certificate. On the flip side, you get only the basic trust signs that aren’t enough to satisfy the security concerns of more demanding customers or visitors. + +*Important to know:* DV misses the most important trust sign — vetting the real, legal business that owns the domain name. For instance, suppose Mr X buys a domain ‘abc.com’ to lure gullible people into investing money in a business that seems genuine. Being a legitimate domain owner, he can get a DV through an automated process. With HTTPS URLs and other trust signs, it is easy to gain people’s trust too. However, the company (or fraud mechanism) behind this domain isn’t vetted/verified, which makes it easier for Mr X to continue duping investors of their hard-earned money. + +Is DV SSL the right choice for you?: DV is best for a small and general website, which doesn’t demand or require any sensitive information that can be misused like credit card numbers, social security information, or details of a financial portfolio. For websites that post children’s stories, general e-magazines, personal blogs, professional portfolios, and other static websites on general topics, a DV certificate is a perfect and cheap solution. Securing more mission-critical sites that collect sensitive data like credit card numbers and social security details is a different story though. + +### Organisation validation (OV) SSL certificate + +As the name suggests, the OV certificate not only validates the domain ownership but also vets the real identity of the organisation to which the domain officially belongs. It builds an extra layer of trust for visitors who have stronger concerns, by displaying the key information about the business. Interested visitors just need to check the details of the certificate to ascertain the credibility of the company. + +As compared to a DV certificate, an OV certification requires a more detailed process carried out by an authorised certificate authority that demands and vets key documents representing the legal status of the company. Hence, along with domain ownership, this certificate also assures that it is owned by a legitimate organisation. + +Though the issuance process is more expensive and demanding, this type of certificate does empower you to position your company as a legal, real company doing legitimate business. It makes you stand out and even more concerned visitors are able to trust your organisation. + +Is OV the right choice for you?: Sites that ask for sensitive data that can be misused by threat actors should obtain this certificate. E-commerce sites with online payment gateways, digital health practitioners, government websites that demand citizens’ information, defence-related websites, online trading platforms, or professional networking sites are all the right candidates for obtaining an OV certificate. + +### Extended validation (EV) SSL certificate + +In the digital domain, visuals matter a lot. A company seal, security icons, or even assuring colours (like green) can go a long way in leaving a lasting impression, winning you a big deal or helping you forge business relations with dynamic brands. + +The vetting procedure for issuing an EV SSL certificate is quite stringent and involves a manual process as well. It starts by verifying the ownership of the domain. After that, the certification authority asks for your identification number. Next, it gets your legal working contact number from relevant authentic sources. That contact number is manually verified by calling your office and talking with the real person. Only after satisfying all such verification parameters can you get the EV certificate. + +Unlike an OV certificate, you don’t just get a static site seal with a basic look, but get dynamic seals as well. Additionally, the full legal company name is displayed in the address bar along with a green-coloured padlock. Added to this, the entire address bar turns green as soon as your site loads. All these visible signs vouch for the legality of your firm, build a ‘visual comfort zone’ and reaffirm the credibility of your organisation. + +Such certificates satisfy the sophisticated digital security vetting parameters of global brands and corporate conglomerates. If highly expensive items like gold and diamond jewellery are being sold on a website, then such superior trust factors satisfy the higher trust demands of buyers. Though this certificate is the most expensive among all the SSL certificates, it is worth investing in the extra dollars as it has the potential to significantly boost your sales revenue. + +### Scope of different SSL certificates + +Apart from the type of certificate, the other crucial question is: how many digital properties you want your certificate to cover? If you own a single domain property and do not want to expand in the foreseeable future, then a single DV would do for you. But what if you own, say, 20 different domains — most of which deal with e-commerce or collect sensitive client information? It wouldn’t be practical to buy the more expensive EV certificate for each of these domains. Here is some guidance on that. + +### Wildcard SSL certificate + +With a single wildcard SSL certificate you can protect the main domain and practically unlimited sub-domains related to it. For instance, yoursite.com (the main domain) may have three subdomains: + +* mail.yoursite.com +* login.yoursite.com +* ftp.yoursite.com + +This certificate relieves you from the stress and expenses of purchasing a separate certificate for every domain after going through the complete validation process, followed by an installation process for each. It also saves you a lot of time on repetitive processes and almost eliminates potential errors. + +| - | +| :- | +| Note: Both DV and OV offer wildcard certificate options. | + +### Multi-domain (or SAN SSL) certificate + +One level above the wildcard SSL certificate is the multi-domain certificate, which helps to secure primary domains and their related subdomains. It does everything that a wildcard certificate can do, and more. If you own multiple domains and want a uniform and standard SSL security for all, then a multi-domain certificate is the right choice for you. + +### Is SSL certification only about visual trust signs? + +Obviously, when you spend significant money on an SSL certificate you would like to get more than security icons or trust signals. Well, your certification authority does offer a specific amount of warranty or a payback if your customers become victims of a fraud. The amount of this warranty depends upon the type of certificate and how much it costs. + +### How to choose the ideal certificate authority (CA) for SSL + +The next question is: who can judge the judge? It is you. Carefully consider some of the prime factors while finding the right SSL certificate provider/CA for your site. Before buying any certificate, thoroughly vet the reputation, credentials and experience of the certificate authority. + +Also, ask questions. Do they have a credible history? What type of customers do they have in their repertoire? Do they have an impressive portfolio of regular customers? Most importantly, is the company passively following old industry standards, or is it actively investing in research and development on how to prevent the latest cyber frauds? All such questions will help you to make informed decisions and get the best value for your money. + +Also make another very important check: Has any major browser banned the CA? The very objective of the SSL certificate is defeated if the CA has been banned by a major browser. + +### How long does it take for an SSL certificate to be issued? + +The time taken to issue a certificate varies and depends upon the validation procedure and its requirements. A DV certificate, for instance, is issued within minutes as it has the least verification requirements. An OV SSL, with more detailed vetting requirements, can take up to three days for issuance. Since it has the most demanding vetting process, the EV certificate can take up to four days for issuance. + +The validation period of the certificate, along with its credibility and scope, plays an important role in influencing its price. It is always best to use your discretion, and find a fine balance between the price and value of the certificate. + +A few reputed SSL certificates go the extra mile and also offer extra security measures to customers. You can never be secure enough on a digital platform. So it is always best to see if such additional security elements will be helpful. However, your prime focus should be the credibility and portfolio of the company. It isn’t wise to compromise with that just to get some extra security elements. + +SSL certificates encrypt the data and information that customers share with organisations. They help to save customers from data theft and misuse by threat actors. But it’s always advisable to check the credibility and reviews of a certificate authority carefully before buying a SSL certificate from it. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/06/ssl-certificates-make-the-right-choice/ + +作者：[Jitendra Bhojwani][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/jitendra-bhojwani/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/SSL-certificate.jpg From 29ad27d2cfe5a8b4f421cc1bfb3d06637a155340 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: aREversez <53844261+aREversez@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Thu, 9 Jun 2022 23:39:20 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 25/75] Being translated --- ... Enterprises Use and Contribute to Open Source Software.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/20220602 Why Do Enterprises Use and Contribute to Open Source Software.md b/sources/talk/20220602 Why Do Enterprises Use and Contribute to Open Source Software.md index 1de91d1449..939f7865be 100644 --- a/sources/talk/20220602 Why Do Enterprises Use and Contribute to Open Source Software.md +++ b/sources/talk/20220602 Why Do Enterprises Use and Contribute to Open Source Software.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://www.linux.com/news/why-do-enterprises-use-and-contribute-to-open-source-software/" [#]: author: "Dan Whiting https://www.linuxfoundation.org/blog/why-do-enterprises-use-and-contribute-to-open-source-software/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "aREversez" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " @@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ via: https://www.linux.com/news/why-do-enterprises-use-and-contribute-to-open-so 作者：[Dan Whiting][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +译者：[aREversez](https://github.com/aREversez) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 78c78c9263e56fd7789ebc4a7715f35e62c5aa68 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DarkSun Date: Fri, 10 Jun 2022 05:02:41 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 26/75] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98[news]:=2020220609=20Cl?= =?UTF-8?q?oudflare=20Has=20Something=20New=20to=20Replace=20Annoying=20CA?= =?UTF-8?q?PTCHAs=20on=20the=20Internet?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit sources/news/20220609 Cloudflare Has Something New to Replace Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet.md --- ...place Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet.md | 85 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 85 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/20220609 Cloudflare Has Something New to Replace Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet.md diff --git a/sources/news/20220609 Cloudflare Has Something New to Replace Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet.md b/sources/news/20220609 Cloudflare Has Something New to Replace Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a5cc2dafe7 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20220609 Cloudflare Has Something New to Replace Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet.md @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +[#]: subject: "Cloudflare Has Something New to Replace Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/cloudflare-pat/" +[#]: author: "Jacob Crume https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Cloudflare Has Something New to Replace Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet +====== + +Cloudflare, the internet services giant, has [just announced][1] Private Access Tokens. These aim to reduce the number of CAPTCHAs you see on the web while improving your privacy. + +As you may have found out, CAPTCHAs are a horrible experience on mobile. They often end up occupying the entire screen and can be impossible to complete at times. + +As an alternative, websites can elect to collect uniquely identifying data to prove that you are a human. Of course, from a privacy standpoint, this practice is terrible, leaving many privacy-valuing companies with little to prevent them from bot attacks. + +Fortunately, the release of Private Access Tokens, or PATs, is set to change this. + +### What Impact Will Private Access Tokens Have? + +In short, PATs will: + + * Reduce the number of CAPTCHAs on supported devices + * Increase user privacy + * Allow website owners to ensure that visitors are coming from actual devices + + + +However, diving in a little deeper, we can see that PATs are much more impactful than at first glance. With traditional CAPTCHAs, there are multiple entities that can access your data. + +Firstly, the website you are visiting knows your IP address and the URL you are visiting. Of course, this data is the minimum required to establish a connection. Additionally, for more advanced functionality, websites are also sent some user agent data, which is not uniquely identifiable. + +However, the second party, the CAPTCHA provider, can collect a lot more data. Like with the website you want to visit, it knows your IP address, user agent data, and the URL you visit. Unfortunately, they also collect additional data, like your device information and interaction data. When tied back with previous times you have completed a CAPTCHA, they can build up an astonishingly detailed profile of you. + +Fortunately, PATs by Cloudflare prevent such data from being collected, by ultimately bypassing the CAPTCHA altogether. + +### How Do PATs Work? + +![Image credit: Cloudflare][2] + +Unlike the CAPTCHA method of aggregating as much data as possible, PATs decentralize the data so that no single party can uniquely identify you. Before you mention data sharing, Cloudflare has specifically mentioned that data is not shared between parties. + +When you go on to a website utilizing Cloudflare and PATs, a total of three parties will handle different portions of your data. + + 1. The website. This will only know your IP, URL, and user agent, which again, is required for establishing a connection. + 2. Your device manufacturer. This will only know the device data required to verify that your device is genuine. They will NOT know what website you are visiting, or your IP address. After verifying your device, they will generate a token, which will be sent to Cloudflare. + 3. Cloudflare. Cloudflare will receive the token, which does not contain any of your device data, only a ‘guarantee’ of sorts from the manufacturer that it is genuine. The only other data they know is the website you are visiting, which is required to serve you the content. + + + +The result of this is a system that gives Cloudflare confidence in you being a human, without ever having to touch your data. + +### Supported Operating Systems: No Linux? + +As you may have realized, PATs need specific operating system features to work. Currently, they are only present on the latest operating systems by Apple, namely iOS and iPadOS 16, as well as macOS Ventura. This is because Apple’s operating systems run on a limited set of hardware, making device verification significantly easier. + +Linux, on the other hand, is a general-purpose operating system designed to run on a wide range of hardware. As a result, I don’t expect to see it support PATs in the near future. + +Going back to Apple, it occurs to me that PATs could also cause some issues with consumers’ right to repair their devices. If, for example, I replaced a worn-out iPhone battery with a non-genuine one, would this be flagged by the PAT system? + +What about Linux Phones? Manufacturers of these, like Pine64 and Purism, may not have the infrastructure to support such a system. Will it be possible to use PATs on these? + +In the [announcement post][1], Cloudflare mentions: + +> We are actively working to get other clients and device makers utilizing the PAT framework as well. Any time a new client begins utilizing the PAT framework, traffic coming to your site from that client will automatically start asking for tokens, and your visitors will automatically see fewer CAPTCHAs. + +So, we hope to see it being adopted by more devices, and operating systems. What do you think about PATs by Cloudflare? Let me know your thoughts in the comments down below. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/cloudflare-pat/ + +作者：[Jacob Crume][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://blog.cloudflare.com/eliminating-captchas-on-iphones-and-macs-using-new-standard/ +[2]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjY1MCIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMjQiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+ From 9e2c893ec26c4610f00d06e87cd83fcd453d1c25 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DarkSun Date: Fri, 10 Jun 2022 05:02:51 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 27/75] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98[news]:=2020220609=20Sy?= =?UTF-8?q?stem76=20Hardware=20is=20Making=20its=20Way=20to=20Europe=20Soo?= =?UTF-8?q?n?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit sources/news/20220609 System76 Hardware is Making its Way to Europe Soon.md --- ...rdware is Making its Way to Europe Soon.md | 63 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 63 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/20220609 System76 Hardware is Making its Way to Europe Soon.md diff --git a/sources/news/20220609 System76 Hardware is Making its Way to Europe Soon.md b/sources/news/20220609 System76 Hardware is Making its Way to Europe Soon.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..aae786e98b --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20220609 System76 Hardware is Making its Way to Europe Soon.md @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +[#]: subject: "System76 Hardware is Making its Way to Europe Soon" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/system76-europe/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +System76 Hardware is Making its Way to Europe Soon +====== + +System76’s [recent partnership with HP][1] for a developer-focused laptop made users think that it should enable users across the globe to get their hands on a laptop with Pop!_OS pre-installed. + +Unfortunately, the HP Dev One laptop is limited to U.S. customers as of now. But, it seems like you can expect System76 hardware to be available in Europe very soon. + +### System76 to Make its Mechanical Keyboard Available First + +As per an [interview][2] with System76’s principal engineer, Jeremy Soller, System76 has plans to come up with a distribution center for Europe in the coming months. + +Unfortunately, they will not be making laptops/desktops available. The process of minimizing shipping charges, taxes, and other stuff with computers needs time. + +Hence, they plan to start with the [Launch mechanical keyboard][3] and an upcoming Launch Lite edition by System76. + +![][4] + +Not to forget, Europe will need a different keyboard layout as well. So, you could be in for something comfortable as per your requirements. + +Note that the planned European distribution hub by System76 does not aim to make its collaborative projects available (like HP Dev On). It is most likely that they will be focusing on making their hardware available. + +However, no clarity has been provided on that front. So, you can expect System76 to expand to other regions, or they could improve their collaboration with laptop manufacturers to let more users experience Pop!_OS. + +### Wrapping Up + +If you cannot wait to get your hands on a System76 product, and you happen to live in the U.S. or Canada, you may want to explore the summer sale going on at [System76’s official website][5]. + +Europe’s customers need to wait for a couple of months to get System76’s Launch keyboard easily. + +Hopefully, the laptops/desktops get available in the near future. + +_Would you be willing to grab System76’s mechanical keyboard when it’s available for European users?_ _Share your thoughts in the comments below._ + +**Via:** [OMG!Ubuntu!][6] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/system76-europe/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/hp-dev-one-system76/ +[2]: https://tweakers.net/reviews/10108/jeremy-soller-van-system76-over-pop_os-de-cosmic-desktop-en-hardware.html +[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/system76-launch-mechanical-keyboard/ +[4]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjQ1MCIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMjQiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+ +[5]: https://system76.com/ +[6]: https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2022/06/system76-is-opening-a-european-distribution-center From aa78ee1e367bfa26e8505a441da68224b9d8502b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Fri, 10 Jun 2022 08:42:37 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 28/75] translated --- ...o Recover Arch Linux Install via chroot.md | 118 ----------------- ...o Recover Arch Linux Install via chroot.md | 120 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 120 insertions(+), 118 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20210725 How to Recover Arch Linux Install via chroot.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20210725 How to Recover Arch Linux Install via chroot.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20210725 How to Recover Arch Linux Install via chroot.md b/sources/tech/20210725 How to Recover Arch Linux Install via chroot.md deleted file mode 100644 index 36572fc15a..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20210725 How to Recover Arch Linux Install via chroot.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,118 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "How to Recover Arch Linux Install via chroot" -[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/07/recover-arch-linux/" -[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -How to Recover Arch Linux Install via chroot -====== -This quick guide explains some of the steps which may come in handy to recover an Arch Linux Install. - -Being a rolling release, sometimes things breaks in [Arch Linux][1]. Not because of your own actions, but hundreds of other reasons such as new Kernel vs your hardware, or software compatibility. But still, Arch Linux is still better and provides the latest packages and applications. - -But sometimes, it gives you trouble and you end up with a blinking cursor and nothing else. - -So, in those scenarios, instead of re-formatting or reinstalling, you may want to try to recover the installation including the data before giving up your hope. This guide outlines some steps in that direction. - -### Recover Arch Linux Installation - -* First step is to create a bootable LIVE USB with Arch Linux. Download the .ISO from this link and create a bootable .ISO. You can check out this guide on [how to create bootable .ISO using Etcher][2]. Remember this step require another working stable system obviously as your current system is not usable. - -[download arch linux][3] - -* You need to know on which partition your Arch Linux is installed. This is a very important step. If you don’t know, you can use GParted to find out. Or check in your Grub menu, Or you can run the below command to find out. This will list all of your disk partitions with their size, labels. - -``` -sudo lsblk -o name,mountpoint,label,size,uuid -``` - -* Once done, plug-in the USB stick and boot from it. And you should see the Arch Linux prompt in the LIVE medium. - -* Now, mount to the Arch Linux partition using below. Change the /dev/sda3 to your respective partition. - -``` -/dev/sda3 -``` - -``` -mount /dev/sda3 /mntarch-chroot /mnt -``` - -* The arch-chroot command will mount your Arch Linux partition in the terminal, so login using your Arch credentials. Now, at this stage, you have the following options, based on what you want. - -* You can take backups of your data by going through /home folders. In case, troubleshooter doesn’t work. You may copy the files to external USB or another partition. - -* Verify the log files, specially the pacman logs. Because, unstable system may be caused by upgrading some packages such graphics driver or any other driver. Based on the log, you may want to downgrade any specific package if you want. -* You may use the below command to view last 200 lines of the pacman log file to find out any failing items or dependency removal. - -``` -tail -n 200 /var/log/pacman.log | less -``` - -* The above command gives you the 200 lines from the end of the pacman.log file to verify. Now, carefully check which of the packages were updates since your successful boot. - -* And note down the package name and version somewhere. And you may try to downgrade packages one-by-one or if you think a specific package created a problem. Use the -U switch of pacman command to downgrade. - -``` -pacman -U -``` - -* You can run the following to start your Arch system after downgrading, if any. - -``` -exec /sbin/init -``` - -* Check the status of your display manager, whether if there are any errors. Sometimes, display manager creates a problem which can’t communicate with X Server. For example, if you are using lightdm, then you can check its status via below. - -``` -systemctl status lightdm -``` - -* Or, may want to start it via below command and check what is the error. - -``` -lightdm --test-mode --debug -``` - -* Here is an example of lightdm failure which caused an unstable Arch system. - -![lightdm - test mode][4] - -* Or check via kicking off the X server using startx. - -``` -startx -``` - -* In my experience, if you see errors in the above command, try to install another display manager such as sddm and enable it. It may eliminate the error. - -* Try the above steps, based on the state of your system, and troubleshoot. For errors specific to display manager lightdm, we have a [guide][5] which you may want to check out. -* If you are using sddm, then check out [these troubleshooting steps][6] if something works. - -### Closing Notes - -Every installation is different. And above steps may/may not work for you. But it is worth a try and as per experience, it works. If it works, well, good for you. Either way, do let me know in the comment box below, how it goes. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/07/recover-arch-linux/ - -作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/tag/arch-linux -[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/01/etcher-bootable-usb-linux/ -[3]: https://archlinux.org/download/ -[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/lightdm-test-mode.jpg -[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/03/failed-to-start-lightdm/ -[6]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/SDDM#Troubleshooting diff --git a/translated/tech/20210725 How to Recover Arch Linux Install via chroot.md b/translated/tech/20210725 How to Recover Arch Linux Install via chroot.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..09b51220ff --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20210725 How to Recover Arch Linux Install via chroot.md @@ -0,0 +1,120 @@ +[#]: subject: "How to Recover Arch Linux Install via chroot" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/07/recover-arch-linux/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "geekpi" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +如何通过 chroot 恢复 Arch Linux 的安装 +====== +这个快速指南解释了恢复 Arch Linux 安装的一些步骤。 + +作为一个滚动发布的版本，[Arch Linux][1] 中有时会出现一些问题。不是因为你自己的行为，而是数以百计的其他原因，如新内核与你的硬件，或软件的兼容性。但是，Arch Linux 仍然是更好的，它提供了最新的软件包和应用。 + +但有时，它也会给你带来麻烦，你最终只能看到一个闪烁的光标，其他什么都没有。 + +所以，在这种情况下，与其重新格式化或重新安装，不如在放弃希望之前尝试恢复安装和数据。本指南概述了这个方向的一些步骤。 + +### 恢复 Arch Linux 安装 + +* 第一步是用 Arch Linux 创建一个可启动的 Live USB。从这个链接下载 .ISO 并创建一个可启动的 .ISO。你可以查看这个指南[如何使用 Etcher 创建可启动的 .ISO][2]。记住这一步需要另一个稳定的工作系统，因为你目前的系统不能使用。 + +[下载 arch linux][3] + +* 你需要知道你的 Arch Linux 安装在哪个分区上。这是一个非常重要的步骤。如果你不知道，你可以用 GParted 来查找。或者在你的 Grub 菜单中查看，或者你可以运行下面的命令来了解。这将列出你所有的磁盘分区及其大小、标签。 + +``` +sudo lsblk -o name,mountpoint,label,size,uuid +``` + +* 完成后，插入 U 盘并从它启动。你应该在 Live 介质中看到 Arch Linux 的提示。 + +* 现在，用下面的方法挂载到 Arch Linux 分区。把 /dev/sda3 改成你各自的分区。 + +``` +/dev/sda3 +``` + +``` +mount /dev/sda3 /mntarch-chroot /mnt +``` + +* arch-chroot 命令将在终端挂载你的 Arch Linux 分区，所以用你的 Arch 凭证登录。现在，在这个阶段，根据你的需要，你有以下选择。 + +* 你可以通过 /home 文件夹来备份你的数据。如果，故障排除器无效的话。你可以把文件复制到外部 USB 或其他分区。 + +* 核查日志文件，特别是 pacman 日志。因为，不稳定的系统可能是由升级某些软件包引起的，如图形驱动或任何其他驱动。根据日志，如果你想降级任何特定的软件包，你可能要降级。 + +* 你可以使用下面的命令来查看 pacman 日志文件的最后 200 行，以找出任何失败的项目或依赖性删除。 + +``` +tail -n 200 /var/log/pacman.log | less +``` + +* 上面的命令给了你从 pacman.log 文件末尾的 200 行来验证。现在，仔细检查哪些软件包在你成功启动后被更新了。 + +* 并记下软件包的名称和版本。你可以尝试逐一降级软件包，或者如果你认为某个特定的软件包产生了问题。使用 pacman 命令的 -U 开关来降级。 + +``` +pacman -U +``` + +* 如果有的话，你可以在降级后运行以下命令来启动你的 Arch 系统。 + +``` +exec /sbin/init +``` + +* 检查你的显示管理器的状态，是否有任何错误。有时，显示管理器会产生一个问题，无法与 X 服务器通信。例如，如果你正在使用 lightdm，那么你可以通过以下方式检查它的状态。 + +``` +systemctl status lightdm +``` + +* 或者，可以通过下面的命令启动它，并检查什么是错误。 + +``` +lightdm --test-mode --debug +``` + +、* 下面是一个 lightdm 失败的例子，它导致了一个不稳定的 Arch 系统。 + +![lightdm - test mode][4] + +* 或者通过使用 startx 启动 X 服务器来检查。 + +``` +startx +``` + +* 根据我的经验，如果你在上述命令中看到错误，尝试安装另一个显示管理器，如 sddm 并启用它。它可能会消除这个错误。 + +* 根据你的系统状态，尝试上述步骤，并进行故障排除。对于特定于显示管理器 lightdm 的错误，我们有一个[指南][5]，你可能想查看一下。 + +* 如果你使用的是 sddm，那么请查看[这些故障排除步骤][6]是否可以。 + +### 结束语 + +每个安装都是不同的。上述步骤可能对你不起作用。但它值得一试，根据经验，它是有效的。如果它起作用，那么，对你来说是好事。无论哪种方式，请在下面的评论区中告诉我，它结果如何。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/07/recover-arch-linux/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/tag/arch-linux +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/01/etcher-bootable-usb-linux/ +[3]: https://archlinux.org/download/ +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/lightdm-test-mode.jpg +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/03/failed-to-start-lightdm/ +[6]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/SDDM#Troubleshooting From 34d4ca7e82fb3b37f85c293d7938e6b56009b815 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Fri, 10 Jun 2022 08:44:33 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 29/75] translating --- .../20220609 Edit PDFs on Linux with these open source tools.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220609 Edit PDFs on Linux with these open source tools.md b/sources/tech/20220609 Edit PDFs on Linux with these open source tools.md index c19cb5da59..9ef5f97640 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220609 Edit PDFs on Linux with these open source tools.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220609 Edit PDFs on Linux with these open source tools.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/6/open-source-pdf-editors-linux" [#]: author: "Michael Korotaev https://opensource.com/users/michaelk" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "geekpi" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From f1b765aafbcdefb91b81287cb685cef87d905b35 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Fri, 10 Jun 2022 10:04:45 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 30/75] R MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @Donkey-Hao 感谢您，完成了第一篇翻译贡献！ --- ...sed, Concluding ARM Generic Kernel Work.md | 65 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 31 insertions(+), 34 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/news/20220607 Linux Kernel 5.19 RC1 Released, Concluding ARM Generic Kernel Work.md b/translated/news/20220607 Linux Kernel 5.19 RC1 Released, Concluding ARM Generic Kernel Work.md index 07bd40ff4e..8ff01dc481 100644 --- a/translated/news/20220607 Linux Kernel 5.19 RC1 Released, Concluding ARM Generic Kernel Work.md +++ b/translated/news/20220607 Linux Kernel 5.19 RC1 Released, Concluding ARM Generic Kernel Work.md @@ -1,75 +1,72 @@ -[#]: subject: "Linux Kernel 5.19 系列第一个候选版本（RC1）发布，包含 ARM 通用工作" +[#]: subject: "Linux Kernel 5.19 RC1 Released, Concluding ARM Generic Kernel Work" [#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/06/linux-kernel-5-19-rc1/" [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " Donkey-Hao " -[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: translator: "Donkey-Hao" +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " -Linux Kernel 5.19 系列第一个候选版本（RC1）发布，包含 ARM 通用工作 +Linux 内核 5.19 RC1 发布，完成了 ARM 通用内核的工作 ====== -Linus Torvalds 发布了 Linux Kernel 5.19 RC1 进行测试，带来了重大变化。 -继上个月 [Linux Kernel 5.18][1] 发布之后，Linus Torvalds 宣布 Linux Kernel 5.19 系列第一个候选版本可用。同时，Linux Kernel 5.19 官方合并窗口关闭，这意味着只有很关键的特性才会被接受。 +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202206/10/100401b0t82bd0ww0o2tgn.jpg) -简要介绍一下 Linux Kernel 5.19 的项目，会发现 CPU、GPU、网络、存储和核心模块会定期更新。 此外，代码清理、淘汰过时硬件和对以后芯片组的持续支持是此版本的亮点。 +> Linus Torvalds 发布了用来测试的 Linux 内核 5.19 RC1，带来了一些重大变化。 -让我们简单来看一下这些新特性。 +继上个月 [Linux 内核 5.18][1] 发布之后，Linus Torvalds 宣布了 Linux 内核 5.19 系列第一个候选版本。与此同时，Linux 内核 5.19 官方合并窗口关闭，这意味着除非是关键性的，否则不会再接受任何新功能。 -### Linux Kernel 5.19(RC1) 的新特性 +简单看一下 Linux 内核 5.19 的新内容，会发现 CPU、GPU、网络、存储和核心模块都有常规的更新。此外，代码清理、淘汰过时硬件和对以后芯片组的持续支持是此版本的亮点。 -#### 处理器 +在进一步介绍之前，让我们简单来看一下这些新特性。 -最重要的是，Linux Kernel 5.19 开始对龙芯架构 CPU 的 [初步支持][2]。龙芯由中国龙芯中科公司设计开发。龙芯架构下的 CPU 是通用 MIPS 架构兼容微处理器。尽管现在提供了支持，但是你仍不能在龙芯 CPU 上启动 Linux 因为一些代码还在审核中。希望在 5.20 版本中能够使用。 +### Linux 内核 5.19（RC1）的新特性 +#### CPU -[Intel IFS 驱动 ][4] 在该版本中落地，这有助于在部署前后发现硬件问题。它能够在早期发现 CPU 关键部分的错误。 +首先需要提及的是，Linux 内核 5.19 开始 [初步支持][2] 龙芯架构的 CPU 系列。龙芯由中国龙芯中科公司设计开发。龙芯架构的 CPU 是兼容 MIPS 架构的通用微处理器。不过虽然现在提供了支持，但是你仍不能在龙芯 CPU 上启动 Linux，因为一些代码还在审核中。希望在 5.20 版本中能够使用。 +新的 [英特尔 IFS 驱动][4] 在该版本中落地，这有助于在部署前后发现硬件问题。它能够在早期阶段检测电路层面的 CPU 错误。 -电源管理和散热工作在英特尔 CPU 的最后几个内核版本中继续进行。 在 [这个版本][5] 也不例外。首先，为 Raptor 和 Alder Lake 家族添加了英特尔运行时平均功率限制（RAPL）的支持。其次，为了处理频率变化升级了 P-state 驱动，并且基于 CPU 的缩放支持被添加到被动的 devfreq 中。 +在前几个针对英特尔 CPU 的内核版本中一直在对电源管理和散热方面进行开发，[这个版本][5] 也不例外。首先，为 Raptor 和 Alder Lake 家族添加了英特尔 运行时平均功率限制Run-Time Average Power Limiting（RAPL）的支持。其次，改进了 P-state 驱动以处理频率变化，并且基于 CPU 的缩放支持被添加到被动 devfreq 中。 - -虽然散热和供电主导着英特尔 CPU ，但 AMD 看到了自己 CPU 系列更多的性能更新。首先，计划在今年年底完成 ZMD Zen 4 CPUs 的 Instruction-Based Sampling (IBS) 模块的很多更新。此外，此版本引入了 PerfMonV2 ，提供了更多性能监视能力。 +虽然英特尔 CPU 主要是散热和电源管理方面的工作，但对 AMD CPU 系列来说有更多的性能更新。首先，计划在今年年底完成 ZMD Zen 4 CPU 的 基于指令的采样Instruction-Based Sampling（IBS）模块引入了更多更新。此外，此版本引入了 PerfMonV2，提供了更多性能监视能力。 此外，该版本中移除了 a.out 支持。同样，过时的 Renesas H8/300 CPU 也被移除了。 + #### 主要 ARM 更新 -最后，主线 Linux Kernel 能够 [支持多个 ARM 平台][7]。在 Linus 的 RC1 开场白中可以看到，这是此版本中的巨大改变！从 Linux 3.7 开始跨越了十多年的工作，这是多么漫长的过程。 +终于，主线 Linux 内核能够 [支持 ARM 多平台][7] 了。在 Linus 的 RC1 开场白中可以看到，这是该版本中的巨大改变！从 Linux 3.7 开始，跨越了十多年的工作，这是多么漫长的过程。 -![Linux Kernel 5.19 Rc1 发布公告提到了 ARM 更改][8] +![Linux 内核 5.19 Rc1 发布公告提到了 ARM 变化][8] -#### 图像和存储升级 +#### 图形和存储升级 -存储子系统实现了跨越流行文件系统的性能提升。最主要的变化包括苹果 M1 NVMe 控制器支持和对 XFS 文件系统的更好支持。此外，提升了 Btrfs ， F2FS 以及 exFAT 文件系统。 +存储子系统在各种流行的文件系统中都有性能提升。最主要的变化包括苹果 M1 NVMe 控制器支持和对 XFS 文件系统的更好支持。此外，Btrfs、F2FS 以及 exFAT 文件系统也有增强。 -关于 LOC 有一个令人兴奋的指标是仅图像驱动程序， Linux Kernel 5.19 增加了大约[50 万行代码][9] 。包括 AMD RDNA, CDNA, 英特尔的 Raptor Lake, DG2/Alchemist 等图形架构更新。 +在代码行数方面，有一个令人兴奋的指标是仅是图形驱动程序 Linux 内核 5.19 就增加了大约[50 万行代码][9]。它包括 AMD 的 RDNA、CDNA，英特尔的 Raptor Lake、DG2/Alchemist 等图形驱动更新。 #### 重要的网络变化 -鉴于数据传输大幅增长，对 Big TCP 的支持有助于数据中心流量达到 400 GBit 的范围。它还可以在高性能网络环境中降低延迟。 +鉴于数据传输大幅增长，对 Big TCP 的支持有助于支持数据中心 400 GBit 级别的流量。它还可以在高性能网络环境中降低延迟。 -继续改进了 Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) 。此外，高通 ath11k WiFi 驱动程序在此版本中添加了网络唤醒功能。同样增加了对瑞昱的 8852ce 芯片，联发科的 T700 调制解调器以及瑞萨科技的 RZ/V2M 的支持。 +继续改进了 多路径 TCPMulti-Path TCP（MPTCP）。此外，高通 ath11k WiFi 驱动程序在此版本中添加了网络唤醒功能。同样增加了对瑞昱的 8852ce 芯片、联发科的 T700 调制解调器以及瑞萨科技的 RZ/V2M 的支持。 #### 其他值得注意的功能 -首先，内核中著名的随机函数生成器在此版本中 [继续][10] 改进。 +首先，内核中著名的随机函数生成器（RNG）在此版本中 [继续][10] 改进。 -其次，著名的初创公司 Framework 模块化笔记本电脑获得了此版本 Chrome OS EC 驱动支持。 Framework 笔记本现在可以利用 ChromeOS 的嵌入式控制器作为 non-Chromebook 设备。 +其次，著名的新兴的 Framework 模块化笔记本电脑获得了此版本 Chrome OS EC 驱动支持。Framework 笔记本现在可以作为一个非 Chromebook 设备利用 ChromeOS 的嵌入式控制器。 -此外， Wacom 绘画板以及其他相关设备也有众多更新。 [包括][11] 对联想 Thinkpad TrackPoint II, 谷歌 Whiskers Touchpad, 联想 X12 TrackPoint 等设备支持的提升。 +此外，Wacom 绘画板以及其他相关设备也有众多更新。[包括][11] 对联想 Thinkpad TrackPoint II、谷歌 Whiskers Touchpad、联想 X12 TrackPoint 等设备支持的提升。 -### Linux Kernel 5.19 下载 +### Linux 内核 5.19 下载 -如果你想要测试并尝试该候选版本，可以在 [这里][12] 下载。或者参考下面的链接。 +如果你想要测试并尝试该候选版本，可以在 [这里][12] 下载。 -| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -| :- | :- | :- | :- | :- | :- | :- | :- | :- | -| mainline: | 5.19-rc1 | 2022-06-06 | [tarball][13] | | [patch][14] | | [view diff][15] | [browse][16] | +预计在 2022 年 7 月左右最终版本发布前，将会有多个版本更迭。 -预计在2022年7月左右最终版本发布前，将会有多个版本更迭。 - -*[Kernel 邮件列表.][17]* +参考自：[内核邮件列表][17] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -78,7 +75,7 @@ via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/06/linux-kernel-5-19-rc1/ 作者：[Arindam][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[Donkey-Hao](https://github.com/Donkey-Hao) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 952faed3253892cdd1c4120496555c9bb599e8db Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Fri, 10 Jun 2022 10:05:46 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 31/75] P MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @Donkey-Hao 本文首发地址：https://linux.cn/article-14692-1.html 您的 LCTT 专页：https://linux.cn/lctt/Donkey-Hao --- ...l 5.19 RC1 Released, Concluding ARM Generic Kernel Work.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) rename {translated/news => published}/20220607 Linux Kernel 5.19 RC1 Released, Concluding ARM Generic Kernel Work.md (98%) diff --git a/translated/news/20220607 Linux Kernel 5.19 RC1 Released, Concluding ARM Generic Kernel Work.md b/published/20220607 Linux Kernel 5.19 RC1 Released, Concluding ARM Generic Kernel Work.md similarity index 98% rename from translated/news/20220607 Linux Kernel 5.19 RC1 Released, Concluding ARM Generic Kernel Work.md rename to published/20220607 Linux Kernel 5.19 RC1 Released, Concluding ARM Generic Kernel Work.md index 8ff01dc481..3e2c88b021 100644 --- a/translated/news/20220607 Linux Kernel 5.19 RC1 Released, Concluding ARM Generic Kernel Work.md +++ b/published/20220607 Linux Kernel 5.19 RC1 Released, Concluding ARM Generic Kernel Work.md @@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ [#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: "Donkey-Hao" [#]: reviewer: "wxy" -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14692-1.html" Linux 内核 5.19 RC1 发布，完成了 ARM 通用内核的工作 ====== From 8f1bf5fb6b499133f97d7640d61c5d121ab92992 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Fri, 10 Jun 2022 12:02:41 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 32/75] RP @duoluoxiaosheng https://linux.cn/article-14693-1.html --- ...6 Linux word processors you need to try.md | 82 +++++++++++++++++ ...6 Linux word processors you need to try.md | 88 ------------------- 2 files changed, 82 insertions(+), 88 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/20220606 6 Linux word processors you need to try.md delete mode 100644 translated/tech/20220606 6 Linux word processors you need to try.md diff --git a/published/20220606 6 Linux word processors you need to try.md b/published/20220606 6 Linux word processors you need to try.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9fd712d06f --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20220606 6 Linux word processors you need to try.md @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +[#]: subject: "6 Linux word processors you need to try" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/6/word-processors-linux" +[#]: author: "Don Watkins https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "duoluoxiaosheng" +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14693-1.html" + +值得尝试的六款 Linux 文字处理程序 +====== + +> 选择一款最中意的文字处理程序把你的想法打印到纸上。 + +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202206/10/120032h7jlo1ozm37fdyfv.jpg) + +作家们总是在寻找更好的方法将他们的文字和想法以更好的方式呈现给他们的读者。我对文字处理程序最早的印象是在 Apple II 上使用 AppleWorks 和后来的 FrEDWriter，后者是一个创建于 1985 年的免费文字处理程序。这是我的学生们的标配，他们许多人来自没有钱购买专有软件的家庭。 + +### Abiword + +在 20 世纪 90 年代时，我开始使用 Linux，寻找我可以使用的高质量的写作程序，并推荐给跟随我进入开源软件世界的学生们。我首先接触的文字处理程序是 [AbiWord][2]。AbiWord 来自西班牙语 Abierto，意思是“开放”。它最早发布于 1998 年，并且之后一直在升级。它使用 GPLv2 开源协议。它支持列表、缩进，字符格式等基本功能，支持 .doc、.html、.docx、.odt 等多种格式文件的导入和导出。 + +![Image of Abiword][3] + +### Etherpad + +[Etherpad][4] 是一个开源协作编辑项目。它可以让你像 Google Drive 那样实时编辑文档，主要的区别是它是完全开源的。据它的网站上介绍，你可以“与你的朋友、同学或同事一起写文章、新闻稿、待办事项，同时在同一个文件上工作”。其源代码可随时查看。Etherpad 采用 Apache 2.0 开源协议。你可以直接在线使用它，或者把它下载并 [安装][5] 到你的 Linux 电脑上。 + +### Cryptpad + +[CryptPad][6] 是一个端到端加密的写作套件。使用 GPLv3 开源协议，并且源代码公开在 [GitHub][7] 上。它由 [Xwiki][8] 实验室开发。可替代 Google Drive，并且是自主托管的。根据其网站描述，“CryptPad 旨在实现协作办公。实时同步文档的更改。由于所有数据都已加密，因此该服务及其管理员无法查看正在编辑和存储的内容。” Cryptpad 为用户提供了 [丰富的文档][9]。 + +### Focuswriter + +[FocusWriter][10] 是一个简单的免干扰的编辑器。它使用隐藏式界面，鼠标移动到屏幕边界时才显示界面。它使用 GPLv3 开源协议，并为 Linux 提供了 Flatpak 软件包，也为 [Ubuntu][11] 和 [Fedora][12] 提供了 DEB 和 RPM。下图是一个 FocusWriter 桌面的例子。这是一个非常简单直观的界面，菜单自动隐藏，当鼠标指向屏幕顶部或边缘时才会显示。文件默认保存为 .odt 格式，也支持纯文本、.docx 和富文本。 + +![Image of FocusWriter][13] + +### LibreOffice Writer + +[LibreOffice Writer][14] 是我最喜欢的，我已经使用了十多年了。它拥有我需要的所有特性，包括富文本格式化。它还拥有我见过的最多的导入、导出方式。类似于 [APA][15] 这样的问卷和出版模板它拥有十多种。我最喜欢的是它可以将文件导出为 PDF 和 epub。 LibreOffice Writer 是一个自由软件，使用 Mozilla 公开许可证（MPL）2.0 开源协议。其 [源代码][16] 由文档基金会提供。LibreOffice 支持大多数 Linux 发行版。同时它也提供 Flatpak、Snap 和 AppImage 软件包。另外，你也可以把它下载并安装到 MacOS 和 Windows 上。 + +![Image of LibreOffice work space][17] + +### OpenOffice Writer + +Apache [OpenOffice Writer][18] 是一个全功能的文字处理程序。它可以简单地用于备忘录，也可以复杂到足以编写你的第一本书。依据官网的描述，OpenOffice Writer 将文档自动保存为 .odt。它还支持将文档保存为 .doc、.docx、富文本和其他格式。OpenOffice Writer 使用 Apache 许可证 2.0 开源协议。源代码在 [GitHub][19] 上公开。 + +还有许多自由开源软件等着大家去发现。它们非常适合完成你的日常任务，你也可以为它们的发展做出贡献。你最喜欢的 Linux 文字处理器程序是什么呢？ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/6/word-processors-linux + +作者：[Don Watkins][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[duoluoxiaosheng](https://github.com/duoluoxiaosheng) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/typewriter-hands.jpg +[2]: https://www.abisource.com/ +[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-05/abiword.png +[4]: https://etherpad.org/# +[5]: https://github.com/ether/etherpad-lite#installation +[6]: https://cryptpad.fr/what-is-cryptpad.html +[7]: https://github.com/xwiki-labs/cryptpad +[8]: https://github.com/xwiki-labs +[9]: https://docs.cryptpad.fr/en/user_guide/index.html +[10]: https://gottcode.org/focuswriter/ +[11]: https://packages.ubuntu.com/jammy/focuswriter +[12]: https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/focuswriter +[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-05/focuswriter.png +[14]: https://www.libreoffice.org/discover/writer/ +[15]: https://extensions.libreoffice.org/en/extensions/show/apa-style-paper-template +[16]: https://www.libreoffice.org/about-us/source-code/ +[17]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-05/Libreofficewriter.png +[18]: https://www.openoffice.org/product/writer.html +[19]: https://github.com/apache/openoffice diff --git a/translated/tech/20220606 6 Linux word processors you need to try.md b/translated/tech/20220606 6 Linux word processors you need to try.md deleted file mode 100644 index d4e4a3e35b..0000000000 --- a/translated/tech/20220606 6 Linux word processors you need to try.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,88 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "6 Linux word processors you need to try" -[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/6/word-processors-linux" -[#]: author: "Don Watkins https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "duoluoxiaosheng" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -6 Linux word processors you need to try -====== -值得尝试的六款Linux文字处理程序 -====== - -选择一款最中意的文字处理程序把你的想法打印到纸上。 - -![Typewriter with hands][1] - -Image by: rawpixel.com. CC0. - -作家们总是在寻找更好的方法将他们的文字和想法以更好的方式呈现给他们的读者。我对文字处理程序最早的印象是在 Apple II 上使用 AppleWorks 和 FrEDWriter，一个1985年的免费的文字处理程序。这是我的学生的标配，他们中的许多人来自没有钱购买专用软件的家庭。 - -### Abiword - -在20世纪90年代时，我开始使用 Linux， 我开始寻找高质量的写作程序，以推荐给在开源软件世界跟随我的学生。我首先接触的文字处理程序是 [AbiWord][2]。 AbiWord 来自西班牙语 Abierto，是打开的意思。最早发布于1998年，并且之后一直在升级。使用 GPLv2 开源协议。支持列表，缩进，字符格式等基本功能。支持比如 ".doc", ".html", ".docx", ".odt" 等多种格式文件的导入和导出。 - -![Image of Abiword][3] - -### Etherpad - -[Etherpad][4] 是一个开源项目。它可以让您像 Google Drive 那样实时编辑文档。它完全开源。据它的网站上介绍，您可以用它来写文章，新闻稿和待办清单，还可以和您的朋友，同学或者同事一起同时编辑同一个文档。源代码可查看。Etherpad 采用 Apache 2.0 开源协议。您可以直接在线使用它，或者把它下载并[安装][5]到您的 Linux 电脑上。 - -### Cryptpad - -[CryptPad][6] 是一个端到端加密的写作套件。使用 GPLv3 开源协议，并且源代码在 [GitHub][7] 上公开。 由 [Xwiki][8] 实验室开发。可替代 Google Drive 并且自主托管。根据网站描述 “CryptPad 旨在实现协作办公。实时同步文档的更改。由于所有数据都已加密，因此服务及其管理员无法查看正在编辑和存储的内容。” Cryptpad 为用户提供了[丰富的文档][9]。 - -### Focuswriter - -[FocusWriter][10] 是一个简单的免干扰的编辑器。它使用隐藏的界面，鼠标移动到屏幕边界时可以显示。使用 GPLv3 开源协议并提供 Linux 通用软件安装包（Flatpak），比如 [Ubuntu][11] 的 DEB 和 [Fedora][12] 的 RPM。这是一个 FocusWriter 桌面的例子。 一个非常简单直观的界面，菜单自动隐藏，鼠标指向屏幕顶部或边缘时才显示。文件默认保存为 ".odt" 格式，也支持纯文本， ".docx"，和富文本。 - -![Image of FocusWriter][13] - -### LibreOffice Writer - -[LibreOffice Writer][14]是我最喜欢的。我已经使用了十多年了。他拥有我需要的富文本的所有特性。他还拥有我见过的最大的导入导出列表。类似 [APA][15]这样的问卷和出版模板它拥有十多种。最喜欢它的是他可以将文件导出为 PDF 和 “epub”。 LibreOffice Writer 是一个免费软件，使用 Mozilla Public Liceense 2.0 开源协议。 [源代码][16]由 Document Foundation 提供。LibreOffice 支持大多数 Linux 发行版。 同时它也提供 Flatpak，Snap 和 AppImage。另外，您也可以把它下载并安装到 MacOs 和 Windows 上。 - -![Image of LibreOffice work space][17] - -### OpenOffice Writer - -Apache [OpenOffice Writer][18] 是一个全功能点文字处理程序。作为一个备忘录来说它足够简单，但对于编写你的第一本书来说它又足够复杂。依据官网的描述，OpenOffice Writer 将文档自动保存为 “open document format”. 它还支持将文档保存为 ".doc", ".docx", 富文本和其他格式。OpenOffice Writer 使用 Apache License 2.0 开源协议。源代码在 [GitHub][19] 上公开。 - -这里还有许多免费的开源软件等着大家去发现。它们非常适合完成您的日常任务，您也可以为它们的发展做出贡献。您最喜欢的 Linux 文字处理器程序是什么呢？ - -Image by: (Don Watkins, CC BY-SA 4.0) - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://opensource.com/article/22/6/word-processors-linux - -作者：[Don Watkins][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[duoluoxiaosheng](https://github.com/duoluoxiaosheng) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/typewriter-hands.jpg -[2]: https://www.abisource.com/ -[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-05/abiword.png -[4]: https://etherpad.org/# -[5]: https://github.com/ether/etherpad-lite#installation -[6]: https://cryptpad.fr/what-is-cryptpad.html -[7]: https://github.com/xwiki-labs/cryptpad -[8]: https://github.com/xwiki-labs -[9]: https://docs.cryptpad.fr/en/user_guide/index.html -[10]: https://gottcode.org/focuswriter/ -[11]: https://packages.ubuntu.com/jammy/focuswriter -[12]: https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/focuswriter -[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-05/focuswriter.png -[14]: https://www.libreoffice.org/discover/writer/ -[15]: https://extensions.libreoffice.org/en/extensions/show/apa-style-paper-template -[16]: https://www.libreoffice.org/about-us/source-code/ -[17]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-05/Libreofficewriter.png -[18]: https://www.openoffice.org/product/writer.html -[19]: https://github.com/apache/openoffice From 7547cdfec18c41ebd599773d5730e46ac899bcb4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Fri, 10 Jun 2022 12:29:03 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 33/75] Update 20220609 Cloudflare Has Something New to Replace Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet.md --- ...place Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet.md | 37 ++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/news/20220609 Cloudflare Has Something New to Replace Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet.md b/sources/news/20220609 Cloudflare Has Something New to Replace Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet.md index a5cc2dafe7..80fe54aece 100644 --- a/sources/news/20220609 Cloudflare Has Something New to Replace Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet.md +++ b/sources/news/20220609 Cloudflare Has Something New to Replace Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ [#]: subject: "Cloudflare Has Something New to Replace Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet" [#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/cloudflare-pat/" [#]: author: "Jacob Crume https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: " " [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " @@ -9,8 +9,11 @@ Cloudflare Has Something New to Replace Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet ====== +Don’t want to complete CAPTCHA challenges to prove that you are a human? Cloudflare might have a solution for that. -Cloudflare, the internet services giant, has [just announced][1] Private Access Tokens. These aim to reduce the number of CAPTCHAs you see on the web while improving your privacy. +![cloudflare][1] + +Cloudflare, the internet services giant, has [just announced][2] Private Access Tokens. These aim to reduce the number of CAPTCHAs you see on the web while improving your privacy. As you may have found out, CAPTCHAs are a horrible experience on mobile. They often end up occupying the entire screen and can be impossible to complete at times. @@ -22,11 +25,9 @@ Fortunately, the release of Private Access Tokens, or PATs, is set to change thi In short, PATs will: - * Reduce the number of CAPTCHAs on supported devices - * Increase user privacy - * Allow website owners to ensure that visitors are coming from actual devices - - +* Reduce the number of CAPTCHAs on supported devices +* Increase user privacy +* Allow website owners to ensure that visitors are coming from actual devices However, diving in a little deeper, we can see that PATs are much more impactful than at first glance. With traditional CAPTCHAs, there are multiple entities that can access your data. @@ -38,17 +39,15 @@ Fortunately, PATs by Cloudflare prevent such data from being collected, by ultim ### How Do PATs Work? -![Image credit: Cloudflare][2] +![][3] Unlike the CAPTCHA method of aggregating as much data as possible, PATs decentralize the data so that no single party can uniquely identify you. Before you mention data sharing, Cloudflare has specifically mentioned that data is not shared between parties. When you go on to a website utilizing Cloudflare and PATs, a total of three parties will handle different portions of your data. - 1. The website. This will only know your IP, URL, and user agent, which again, is required for establishing a connection. - 2. Your device manufacturer. This will only know the device data required to verify that your device is genuine. They will NOT know what website you are visiting, or your IP address. After verifying your device, they will generate a token, which will be sent to Cloudflare. - 3. Cloudflare. Cloudflare will receive the token, which does not contain any of your device data, only a ‘guarantee’ of sorts from the manufacturer that it is genuine. The only other data they know is the website you are visiting, which is required to serve you the content. - - +1. The website. This will only know your IP, URL, and user agent, which again, is required for establishing a connection. +2. Your device manufacturer. This will only know the device data required to verify that your device is genuine. They will NOT know what website you are visiting, or your IP address. After verifying your device, they will generate a token, which will be sent to Cloudflare. +3. Cloudflare. Cloudflare will receive the token, which does not contain any of your device data, only a ‘guarantee’ of sorts from the manufacturer that it is genuine. The only other data they know is the website you are visiting, which is required to serve you the content. The result of this is a system that gives Cloudflare confidence in you being a human, without ever having to touch your data. @@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ Going back to Apple, it occurs to me that PATs could also cause some issues with What about Linux Phones? Manufacturers of these, like Pine64 and Purism, may not have the infrastructure to support such a system. Will it be possible to use PATs on these? -In the [announcement post][1], Cloudflare mentions: +In the [announcement post][4], Cloudflare mentions: > We are actively working to get other clients and device makers utilizing the PAT framework as well. Any time a new client begins utilizing the PAT framework, traffic coming to your site from that client will automatically start asking for tokens, and your visitors will automatically see fewer CAPTCHAs. @@ -73,13 +72,15 @@ So, we hope to see it being adopted by more devices, and operating systems. What via: https://news.itsfoss.com/cloudflare-pat/ 作者：[Jacob Crume][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] +选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://blog.cloudflare.com/eliminating-captchas-on-iphones-and-macs-using-new-standard/ -[2]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjY1MCIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMjQiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/cloudflare-private-access-tokens.jpg +[2]: https://blog.cloudflare.com/eliminating-captchas-on-iphones-and-macs-using-new-standard/ +[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/PAT-Data-transfer-chart-1024x650.png +[4]: https://blog.cloudflare.com/eliminating-captchas-on-iphones-and-macs-using-new-standard/ From cc6f6fb3db72738c202c186771287a57b0f11eb3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Fri, 10 Jun 2022 13:22:33 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 34/75] Delete 20220609 System76 Hardware is Making its Way to Europe Soon.md --- ...rdware is Making its Way to Europe Soon.md | 63 ------------------- 1 file changed, 63 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/20220609 System76 Hardware is Making its Way to Europe Soon.md diff --git a/sources/news/20220609 System76 Hardware is Making its Way to Europe Soon.md b/sources/news/20220609 System76 Hardware is Making its Way to Europe Soon.md deleted file mode 100644 index aae786e98b..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20220609 System76 Hardware is Making its Way to Europe Soon.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,63 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "System76 Hardware is Making its Way to Europe Soon" -[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/system76-europe/" -[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: " " -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -System76 Hardware is Making its Way to Europe Soon -====== - -System76’s [recent partnership with HP][1] for a developer-focused laptop made users think that it should enable users across the globe to get their hands on a laptop with Pop!_OS pre-installed. - -Unfortunately, the HP Dev One laptop is limited to U.S. customers as of now. But, it seems like you can expect System76 hardware to be available in Europe very soon. - -### System76 to Make its Mechanical Keyboard Available First - -As per an [interview][2] with System76’s principal engineer, Jeremy Soller, System76 has plans to come up with a distribution center for Europe in the coming months. - -Unfortunately, they will not be making laptops/desktops available. The process of minimizing shipping charges, taxes, and other stuff with computers needs time. - -Hence, they plan to start with the [Launch mechanical keyboard][3] and an upcoming Launch Lite edition by System76. - -![][4] - -Not to forget, Europe will need a different keyboard layout as well. So, you could be in for something comfortable as per your requirements. - -Note that the planned European distribution hub by System76 does not aim to make its collaborative projects available (like HP Dev On). It is most likely that they will be focusing on making their hardware available. - -However, no clarity has been provided on that front. So, you can expect System76 to expand to other regions, or they could improve their collaboration with laptop manufacturers to let more users experience Pop!_OS. - -### Wrapping Up - -If you cannot wait to get your hands on a System76 product, and you happen to live in the U.S. or Canada, you may want to explore the summer sale going on at [System76’s official website][5]. - -Europe’s customers need to wait for a couple of months to get System76’s Launch keyboard easily. - -Hopefully, the laptops/desktops get available in the near future. - -_Would you be willing to grab System76’s mechanical keyboard when it’s available for European users?_ _Share your thoughts in the comments below._ - -**Via:** [OMG!Ubuntu!][6] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://news.itsfoss.com/system76-europe/ - -作者：[Ankush Das][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/hp-dev-one-system76/ -[2]: https://tweakers.net/reviews/10108/jeremy-soller-van-system76-over-pop_os-de-cosmic-desktop-en-hardware.html -[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/system76-launch-mechanical-keyboard/ -[4]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjQ1MCIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMjQiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+ -[5]: https://system76.com/ -[6]: https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2022/06/system76-is-opening-a-european-distribution-center From aaee36827fcb162d00947ad1252c2295e48170c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Fri, 10 Jun 2022 17:22:49 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 35/75] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020220610=20Handling=20maps=20in=20Groovy=20vs=20Java.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...0220610 Handling maps in Groovy vs Java.md | 374 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 374 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220610 Handling maps in Groovy vs Java.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220610 Handling maps in Groovy vs Java.md b/sources/tech/20220610 Handling maps in Groovy vs Java.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6a4faa3770 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220610 Handling maps in Groovy vs Java.md @@ -0,0 +1,374 @@ +[#]: subject: "Handling maps in Groovy vs Java" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/6/maps-groovy-vs-java" +[#]: author: "Chris Hermansen https://opensource.com/users/clhermansen" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Handling maps in Groovy vs Java +====== +Discover the differences in map handling between Groovy and Java with this hands-on demo. + +![women programming][1] + +Image by: WOCinTech Chat. Modified by Opensource.com. CC BY-SA 4.0 + +Java is a great programming language, but sometimes I want a Java-like language that's just a bit more flexible and compact. That's when I opt for [Groovy][2]. + +In a recent article, I reviewed some of the differences between [creating and initializing maps in Groovy][3] and doing the same thing in Java. In brief, Groovy has a concise syntax for setting up maps and accessing map entries compared to the effort necessary in Java. + +This article will delve into more differences in map handling between Groovy and Java. For that purpose, I will use the [sample table of employees][4] used for demoing the JavaScript DataTables library. To follow along, start by making sure you have recent versions of Groovy and Java installed on your computer. + +### Install Java and Groovy + +Groovy is based on Java and requires a Java installation as well. A recent and/or decent version of Java and Groovy might already be in your Linux distribution's repositories, or you can download and install Groovy from the [Apache Groovy website][5]. A good option for Linux users is [SDKMan][6], which can be used to get multiple versions of Java, Groovy, and many other related tools. For this article, I'm using SDK's releases of: + +* Java: version 11.0.12-open of OpenJDK 11 +* Groovy: version 3.0.8. + +### Back to the problem: maps + +First, in my experience, maps and lists (or at least arrays) often end up in the same program. For example, processing an input file is very similar to passing over a list; often, I do that when I want to categorize data encountered in the input file (or list), storing some kind of value in lookup tables, which are just maps. + +Second, Java 8 introduced the whole Streams functionality and lambdas (or anonymous functions). In my experience, converting input data (or lists) into maps often involves using Java Streams. Moreover, Java Streams are at their most flexible when dealing with streams of typed objects, providing grouping and accumulation facilities out of the box. + +### Employee list processing in Java + +Here's a concrete example based on those fictitious employee records. Below is a Java program that defines an Employee class to hold the employee information, builds a list of Employee instances, and processes that list in a few different ways: + +``` +1  import java.lang.*; +2  import java.util.Arrays; + +3  import java.util.Locale; +4  import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter; +5  import java.time.LocalDate; +6  import java.time.format.DateTimeParseException; +7  import java.text.NumberFormat; +8  import java.text.ParseException; +  +9  import java.util.stream.Collectors; +  +10  public class Test31 { + +11 static public void main(String args[]) { +   +12     var employeeList = Arrays.asList( +13   new Employee("Tiger Nixon", "System Architect", +14 "Edinburgh", "5421", "2011/04/25", "$320,800"), +15   new Employee("Garrett Winters", "Accountant", +6 "Tokyo", "8422", "2011/07/25", "$170,750"), +   ... +    +81   new Employee("Martena Mccray", "Post-Sales support", +82 "Edinburgh", "8240", "2011/03/09", "$324,050"), +83   new Employee("Unity Butler", "Marketing Designer", +84 "San Francisco", "5384", "2009/12/09", "$85,675") +85     ); +   +86     // calculate the average salary across the entire company +   +87     var companyAvgSal = employeeList. +88   stream(). +89   collect(Collectors.averagingDouble(Employee::getSalary)); +90     System.out.println("company avg salary = " + companyAvgSal); +   +91     // calculate the average salary for each location, +92     //     compare to the company average +   +93     var locationAvgSal = employeeList. +94   stream(). +95   collect(Collectors.groupingBy((Employee e) -> +96 e.getLocation(), +97     Collectors.averagingDouble(Employee::getSalary))); +98     locationAvgSal.forEach((k,v) -> +99   System.out.println(k + " avg salary = " + v + +100 "; diff from avg company salary = " + +101 (v - companyAvgSal))); +   +102     // show the employees in Edinburgh approach #1 +   +103     System.out.print("employee(s) in Edinburgh (approach #1):"); +104     var employeesInEdinburgh = employeeList. +105   stream(). +106   filter(e -> e.getLocation().equals("Edinburgh")). +107   collect(Collectors.toList()); +108     employeesInEdinburgh. +109   forEach(e -> +110 System.out.print(" " + e.getSurname() + "," + +111     e.getGivenName())); +112     System.out.println(); +   +   +113     // group employees by location + +114     var employeesByLocation = employeeList. +115   stream(). +116   collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Employee::getLocation)); + +117     // show the employees in Edinburgh approach #2 + +118     System.out.print("employee(s) in Edinburgh (approach #2):"); +119     employeesByLocation.get("Edinburgh"). +120   forEach(e -> +121 System.out.print(" " + e.getSurname() + "," + +122     e.getGivenName())); +123     System.out.println(); + +124 } +125  } +   +126  class Employee { +127 private String surname; +128 private String givenName; +129 private String role; +130 private String location; +131 private int extension; +132 private LocalDate hired; +133 private double salary; +   +134 public Employee(String fullName, String role, String location, +135     String extension, String hired, String salary) { +136     var nn = fullName.split(" "); +137     if (nn.length > 1) { +138   this.surname = nn[1]; +139   this.givenName = nn[0]; +140     } else { +141   this.surname = nn[0]; +142   this.givenName = ""; +143     } +144     this.role = role; +145     this.location = location; +146     try { +147   this.extension = Integer.parseInt(extension); +148     } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) { +149   this.extension = 0; +150     } +151     try { +152   this.hired = LocalDate.parse(hired, +153 DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy/MM/dd")); +154     } catch (DateTimeParseException dtpe) { +155   this.hired = LocalDate.EPOCH; +156     } +157     try { +158   this.salary = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance(Locale.US). +159 parse(salary).doubleValue(); +160     } catch (ParseException pe) { +161   this.salary = 0d; +162     } +163 } +   +164 public String getSurname() { return this.surname; } +165 public String getGivenName() { return this.givenName; } +166 public String getLocation() { return this.location; } +167 public int getExtension() { return this.extension; } +168 public LocalDate getHired() { return this.hired; } +169 public double getSalary() { return this.salary; } +170  } +``` + +Wow, that's a lot of code for a simple demo program! I'll go through it in chunks first. + +Starting at the end, lines 126 through 170 define the `Employee` class used to store employee data. The most important thing to mention here is that the fields of the employee record are of different types, and in Java that generally leads to defining this type of class. You could make this code a bit more compact by using [Project Lombok's @Data][7] annotation to automatically generate the getters (and setters) for the `Employee` class. In more recent versions of Java, I can declare these sorts of things as a record rather than a class, since the whole point is to store data. Storing the data as a list of `Employee` instances facilitates the use of Java streams. + +Lines 12 through 85 create the list of `Employee` instances, so now you've already dealt with 119 of 170 lines. + +There are nine lines of import statements up front. Interestingly, there are no map-related imports! This is partly because I'm using stream methods that yield maps as their results, and partly because I'm using the `var` keyword to declare variables, so the type is inferred by the compiler. + +The interesting parts of the above code happen in lines 86 through 123. + +In lines 87-90, I convert `employeeList` into a stream (line 88) and then use `collect()` to apply the `Collectors.averagingDouble()` method to the `Employee::getSalary` (line 89) method to calculate the average salary across the whole company. This is pure functional list processing; no maps are involved. + +In lines 93-101, I convert `employeeList` into a stream again. I then use the `Collectors.groupingBy()` method to create a map whose keys are employee locations, returned by `e.getLocation()`, and whose values are the average salary for each location, returned by `Collectors.averagingDouble()` again applied to the `Employee::getSalary` method applied to each employee in the location subset, rather than the entire company. That is, the `groupingBy()` method creates subsets by location, which are then averaged. Lines 98-101 use `forEach()` to step through the map entries printing location, average salary, and the difference between the location averages and company average. + +Now, suppose you wanted to look at just those employees located in Edinburgh. One way to accomplish this is shown in lines 103-112, where I use the stream `filter()` method to create a list of only those employees based in Edinburgh and the `forEach()` method to print their names. No maps here, either. + +Another way to solve this problem is shown in lines 113-123. In this method, I create a map where each entry holds a list of employees by location. First, in lines 113-116, I use the `groupingBy()` method to produce the map I want with keys of employee locations whose values are sublists of employees at that location. Then, in lines 117-123, I use the `forEach()` method to print out the sublist of names of employees at the Edinburgh location. + +When we compile and run the above, the output is: + +``` +company avg salary = 292082.5 +San Francisco avg salary = 284703.125; diff from avg company salary = -7379.375 +New York avg salary = 410158.3333333333; diff from avg company salary = 118075.83333333331 +Singapore avg salary = 357650.0; diff from avg company salary = 65567.5 +Tokyo avg salary = 206087.5; diff from avg company salary = -85995.0 +London avg salary = 322476.25; diff from avg company salary = 30393.75 +Edinburgh avg salary = 261940.7142857143; diff from avg company salary = -30141.78571428571 +Sydney avg salary = 90500.0; diff from avg company salary = -201582.5 +employee(s) in Edinburgh (approach #1): Nixon,Tiger Kelly,Cedric Frost,Sonya Flynn,Quinn Rios,Dai Joyce,Gavin Mccray,Martena +employee(s) in Edinburgh (approach #2): Nixon,Tiger Kelly,Cedric Frost,Sonya Flynn,Quinn Rios,Dai Joyce,Gavin Mccray,Martena +``` + +### Employee list processing in Groovy + +Groovy has always provided enhanced facilities for processing lists and maps, partly by extending the Java Collections library and partly by providing closures, which are somewhat like lambdas. + +One outcome of this is that maps in Groovy can easily be used with different types of values. As a result, you can't be pushed into making the auxiliary Employee class; instead, you can just use a map. Let's examine a Groovy version of the same functionality: + +``` +1  import java.util.Locale +2  import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter +3  import java.time.LocalDate +4  import java.time.format.DateTimeParseException +5  import java.text.NumberFormat +6  import java.text.ParseException +   +7  def employeeList = [ +8 ["Tiger Nixon", "System Architect", "Edinburgh", +9     "5421", "2011/04/25", "\$320,800"], +10 ["Garrett Winters", "Accountant", "Tokyo", +11     "8422", "2011/07/25", "\$170,750"], + +    ... + +76 ["Martena Mccray", "Post-Sales support", "Edinburgh", +77     "8240", "2011/03/09", "\$324,050"], +78 ["Unity Butler", "Marketing Designer", "San Francisco", +79     "5384", "2009/12/09", "\$85,675"] +80  ].collect { ef -> +81 def surname, givenName, role, location, extension, hired, salary +82 def nn = ef[0].split(" ") +83 if (nn.length > 1) { +84     surname = nn[1] +85     givenName = nn[0] +86 } else { +87     surname = nn[0] +88     givenName = "" +89 } +90 role = ef[1] +91 location = ef[2] +92 try { +93     extension = Integer.parseInt(ef[3]); +94 } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) { +95     extension = 0; +96 } +97 try { +98     hired = LocalDate.parse(ef[4], +99   DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy/MM/dd")); +100 } catch (DateTimeParseException dtpe) { +101     hired = LocalDate.EPOCH; +102 } +103 try { +104     salary = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance(Locale.US). +105   parse(ef[5]).doubleValue(); +106 } catch (ParseException pe) { +107     salary = 0d; +108 } +109 [surname: surname, givenName: givenName, role: role, +110     location: location, extension: extension, hired: hired, salary: salary] +111  } +   +112  // calculate the average salary across the entire company +   +113  def companyAvgSal = employeeList.average { e -> e.salary } +114  println "company avg salary = " + companyAvgSal +   +115  // calculate the average salary for each location, +116  //     compare to the company average +   +117  def locationAvgSal = employeeList.groupBy { e -> +118 e.location +119  }.collectEntries { l, el -> +120 [l, el.average { e -> e.salary }] +121  } +122  locationAvgSal.each { l, a -> +123 println l + " avg salary = " + a + +124     "; diff from avg company salary = " + (a - companyAvgSal) +125  } +   +126  // show the employees in Edinburgh approach #1 +   +127  print "employee(s) in Edinburgh (approach #1):" +128  def employeesInEdinburgh = employeeList.findAll { e -> +129 e.location == "Edinburgh" +130  } +131  employeesInEdinburgh.each { e -> +132 print " " + e.surname + "," + e.givenName +133  } +134  println() +   +135  // group employees by location +   +136  def employeesByLocation = employeeList.groupBy { e -> +137 e.location +138  } +   +139  // show the employees in Edinburgh approach #2 +   +140  print "employee(s) in Edinburgh (approach #1):" +141  employeesByLocation["Edinburgh"].each { e -> +142 print " " + e.surname + "," + e.givenName +143  } +144  println() +``` + +Because I am just writing a script here, I don't need to put the program body inside a method inside a class; Groovy handles that for us. + +In lines 1-6, I still need to import the classes needed for the data parsing. Groovy imports quite a bit of useful stuff by default, including `java.lang.*` and `java.util.*`. + +In lines 7-90, I use Groovy's syntactic support for lists as comma-separated values bracketed by `[` and `]`. In this case, there is a list of lists; each sublist is the employee data. Notice that you need the `\` in front of the `$` in the salary field. This is because a `$` occurring inside a string surrounded by double quotes indicates the presence of a field whose value is to be interpolated into the string. An alternative would be to use single quotes. + +But I don't want to work with a list of lists; I would rather have a list of maps analogous to the list of Employee class instances in the Java version. I use the Groovy Collection`.collect()` method in lines 90-111 to take apart each sublist of employee data and convert it into a map. The collect method takes a Groovy Closure argument, and the syntax for creating a closure surrounds the code with `{` and `}` and lists the parameters as `a, b, c ->` in a manner similar to Java's lambdas. Most of the code looks quite similar to the constructor method in the Java Employee class, except that there are items in the sublist rather than arguments to the constructor. However, the last two lines— + +``` +[surname: surname, givenName: givenName, role: role, + +    location: location, extension: extension, hired: hired, salary: salary] +``` + +—create a map with keys `surname`, `givenName`, `role`, `location`, `extension`, `hired`, and `salary`. And, since this is the last line of the closure, the value returned to the caller is this map. No need for a return statement. No need to quote these key values; Groovy assumes they are strings. In fact, if they were variables, you would need to put them in parentheses to indicate the need to evaluate them. The value assigned to each key appears on its right side. Note that this is a map whose values are of different types: The first four are `String`, then `int`, `LocalDate`, and `double`. It would have been possible to define the sublists with elements of those different types, but I chose to take this approach because the data would often be read in as string values from a text file. + +The interesting bits appear in lines 112-144. I've kept the same kind of processing steps as in the Java version. + +In lines 112-114, I use the Groovy Collection `average()` method, which like `collect()` takes a Closure argument, here iterating over the list of employee maps and picking out the `salary` value. Note that using these methods on the Collection class means you don't have to learn how to transform lists, maps, or some other element to streams and then learn the stream methods to handle your calculations, as in Java. For those who like Java Streams, they are available in newer Groovy versions. + +In lines 115-125, I calculate the average salary by location. First, in lines 117-119, I transform `employeeList`, which is a list of maps, into a map, using the Collection`groupBy()` method, whose keys are the location values and whose values are linked sublists of the employee maps pertaining to that location. Then I process those map entries with the `collectEntries()` method, using the `average()` method to compute the average salary for each location. + +Note that `collectEntries()` passes each key (location) and value (employee sublist at that location) into the closure (the `l, el ->` string) and expects a two-element list of key (location) and value (average salary at that location) to be returned, converting those into map entries. Once I have the map of average salaries by location, `locationAvgSal`, I can print it out using the Collection `each()` method, which also takes a closure. When `each()` is applied to a map, it passes in the key (location) and value (average salary) in the same way as `collectEntries()`. + +In lines 126-134, I filter the `employeeList` to get a sublist of `employeesInEdinburgh`, using the `findAll()` method, which is analogous to the Java Streams `filter()` method. And again, I use the `each()` method to print out the sublist of employees in Edinburgh. + +In lines 135-144, I take the alternative approach of grouping the `employeeList` into a map of employee sublists at each location, `employeesByLocation`. Then in lines 139-144, I select the employee sublist at Edinburgh, using the expression `employeesByLocation[“Edinburgh”]` and the `each()` method to print out the sublist of employee names at that location. + +### Why I often prefer Groovy + +Maybe it's just my familiarity with Groovy, built up over the last 12 years or so, but I feel more comfortable with the Groovy approach to enhancing Collection with all these methods that take a closure as an argument, rather than the Java approach of converting the list, map, or whatever is at hand to a stream and then using streams, lambdas, and data classes to handle the processing steps. I seem to spend a lot more time with the Java equivalents before I get something working. + +I'm also a huge fan of strong static typing and parameterized types, such as `Map,employee>`  `,employee>` as found in Java. However, on a day-to-day basis, I find that the more relaxed approach of lists and maps accommodating different types does a better job of supporting me in the real world of data without requiring a lot of extra code. Dynamic typing can definitely come back to bite the programmer. Still, even knowing that I can turn static type checking on in Groovy, I bet I haven't done so more than a handful of times. Maybe my appreciation for Groovy comes from my work, which usually involves bashing a bunch of data into shape and then analyzing it; I'm certainly not your average developer. So is Groovy really a more Pythonic Java? Food for thought. + +I would love to see in both Java and Groovy a few more facilities like `average()` and `averagingDouble()`. Two-argument versions to produce weighted averages and statistical methods beyond averaging—like median, standard deviation, and so forth—would also be helpful. [Tabnine][8] offers interesting suggestions on implementing some of these. + +### Groovy resources + +The [Apache Groovy site][9] has a lot of great documentation. Other good sources include the reference page for [Groovy enhancements to the Java Collection class][10], the more tutorial-like introduction to [working with collections][11], and [Mr. Haki][12]. The [Baeldung site][13] provides a lot of helpful how-tos in Java and Groovy. And a really great reason to learn Groovy is to learn [Grails][14], a wonderfully productive full-stack web framework built on top of excellent components like Hibernate, Spring Boot, and Micronaut. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/6/maps-groovy-vs-java + +作者：[Chris Hermansen][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/clhermansen +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/collab-team-pair-programming-code-keyboard2.png +[2]: https://groovy-lang.org/ +[3]: https://opensource.com/article/22/3/maps-groovy-vs-java +[4]: https://datatables.net/ +[5]: https://groovy.apache.org/download.html +[6]: https://opensource.com/article/22/3/manage-java-versions-sdkman +[7]: https://projectlombok.org/features/Data +[8]: https://www.tabnine.com/code/java/methods/java.util.stream.Collectors/averagingDouble +[9]: https://groovy-lang.org/ +[10]: https://docs.groovy-lang.org/latest/html/groovy-jdk/java/util/Collection.html +[11]: https://groovy-lang.org/groovy-dev-kit.html#_working_with_collections +[12]: https://blog.mrhaki.com/ +[13]: https://www.baeldung.com/ +[14]: https://grails.org/ From d7e04666239b3f8574db3b9b90154aa8cb6cace7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Fri, 10 Jun 2022 17:24:32 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 36/75] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][ne?= =?UTF-8?q?ws]:=2020220610=20To=20Favor=20Microsoft=20VS=20Code,=20Microso?= =?UTF-8?q?ft-s=20GitHub=20is=20Killing=20GitHub-s=20Atom=20Editor.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... GitHub is Killing GitHub-s Atom Editor.md | 80 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 80 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/20220610 To Favor Microsoft VS Code, Microsoft-s GitHub is Killing GitHub-s Atom Editor.md diff --git a/sources/news/20220610 To Favor Microsoft VS Code, Microsoft-s GitHub is Killing GitHub-s Atom Editor.md b/sources/news/20220610 To Favor Microsoft VS Code, Microsoft-s GitHub is Killing GitHub-s Atom Editor.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c10578130c --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20220610 To Favor Microsoft VS Code, Microsoft-s GitHub is Killing GitHub-s Atom Editor.md @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +[#]: subject: "To Favor Microsoft VS Code, Microsoft’s GitHub is Killing GitHub’s Atom Editor" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/atom-being-discontinued/" +[#]: author: "Abhishek https://news.itsfoss.com/author/root/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +To Favor Microsoft VS Code, Microsoft’s GitHub is Killing GitHub’s Atom Editor +====== +We all knew this day would be coming sooner or later. + +![Microsoft kills GitHub's Atom][1] + +Coder, coder in the hall, which is the best editor of them all! + +Sorry for the really cheesy opening line. I could not prevent myself from writing that. Just as we all could not prevent the certain demise of the most loved open source code editor of the last decade, Atom. + +### A brief history of Atom + +Atom, released in 2014 by the then independent Git Hub team, was a huge hit among the programmers. + +Its neat UI, features, and numerous add-ons made it the hot favorite of the developers. + +It continued its popular run despite getting tough competition from Microsoft’s recently open-sourced VS Code editor. + +Atom’s loyal fanbase didn’t budge despite the rising popularity of the VS Code until[Microsoft acquired GitHub in 2018][2]. + +People started wondering how long will Microsoft continue developing two similar projects that don’t make any money for it directly. + +In the last four years, it did seem that Atom was losing its charm. It didn’t have any significant feature development while VS Code got more attractive as features after features landed in every release. + +The writing was on the wall. Microsoft branded VS Code was being favored over Atom. + +Though I don’t have any stats to back my claim, it did seem that Atom’s userbase was declining in the last couple of years. VS Code is like the default editor for young developers. + +It was only time that Microsoft pulled the plug on Atom and it did that finally. + +### GitHub discontinues Atom + +On June 8, Microsoft-owned GitHub [announced][3] that it is going to archive the entire Atom project on December 15, 2022. + +> …we’ve decided to retire Atom in order to further our commitment to bringing fast and reliable software development to the cloud via Microsoft Visual Studio Code and GitHub Codespaces. + +The stated reason is the same we all know; “Atom has not had significant feature development for the past several years” and “focus on enhancing the developer experience in the cloud with GitHub Codespaces”. + +The Atom project was more than just an editor though. For good or bad, whatever you feel like, Atom also gave birth to Electron framework. + +> It’s worth reflecting that Atom has served as the foundation for the Electron framework, which paved the way for the creation of thousands of apps, including Microsoft Visual Studio Code, Slack, and our very own GitHub Desktop. However, reliability, security, and performance are core to GitHub, and in order to best serve the developer community, we are archiving Atom to prioritize technologies that enable the future of software development. + +### Atom dies a slow death and its fork will likely meet the same fate + +Atom is open source so it’s not going to ‘rest in peace’ immediately. It will be resurrected (read forked) for sure. + +However, even if someone forks the project and continues to keep it alive, it’s not going to match up to VS Code anymore. At best, it will get a few bug fixes and minor new features. That’s not entirely bad for the hard-core Atom lovers but it won’t attract newer, younger coders. + +Ultimately, the forked projects will also be shut down eventually. It’s not possible for a couple of volunteer developers to match the might of a billion-dollar organization with huge infrastructure. [Atom won’t get compared to VS Code][4] any longer. + +Atom will be missed. Maybe not by as many people as it would have been if it was to discontinue in 2018. The noose was tightened around its neck slowly and we all witnessed it. + +Anyway, are you still using Atom? Will you move to VS Code or choose some other non-Microsoft editor? + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/atom-being-discontinued/ + +作者：[Abhishek][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/root/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/microsoft-kills-github-atom.png +[2]: https://itsfoss.com/microsoft-github/ +[3]: https://github.blog/2022-06-08-sunsetting-atom/ +[4]: https://itsfoss.com/visual-studio-code-vs-atom/ From fe36bbbe020f1a3bea63fef549e6b94da045876e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Fri, 10 Jun 2022 17:26:38 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 37/75] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020220610=20Manage=20Flatpak=20Permission=20Using=20Flats?= =?UTF-8?q?eal.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...anage Flatpak Permission Using Flatseal.md | 113 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 113 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220610 Manage Flatpak Permission Using Flatseal.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220610 Manage Flatpak Permission Using Flatseal.md b/sources/tech/20220610 Manage Flatpak Permission Using Flatseal.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0101e22235 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220610 Manage Flatpak Permission Using Flatseal.md @@ -0,0 +1,113 @@ +[#]: subject: "Manage Flatpak Permission Using Flatseal" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/06/manage-flatpak-permission-flatseal/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Manage Flatpak Permission Using Flatseal +====== +Learn how to manage Flatpak permission using the Flatseal app, which gives you a friendly GUI and additional features. + +Installing applications can be challenging in Linux from a new user standpoint. The primary reason is there are so many [Linux distributions][1]. And you need different installation methods or instructions for various Linux distributions. It can be overwhelming for some users. In addition, it’s also difficult for developers to create separate packages and builds for different distributions. + +### Flatpak solved this problem. How? + +It uses container tech so that the same application executable runs similarly on all Linux platforms. For example, one single executable can run in Ubuntu, Fedora, OpenSUSE, Arch Linux and many others. + +Moreover, the developers also spend fewer efforts on packaging the same app for different platforms. And they can concentrate on the app features rather than the distributions or deployments. + +In addition, Flatpak apps also get updates instantly, and you get the newest version as soon as it’s available. + +All these benefits also open up an important question. What is the permission a Flatpak app needs? How do you manage them easily? For example, one app may require only network access, not disk space. Or another may have access to take screenshots, but it might not be required at all. + +So, it is essential to review the permission of a Flatpak app. This is similar to your Android or iOS app permission. + +Finally, even if you are a new user, it’s not that difficult to manage and review the permissions, thanks to the graphical app – Flatseal. + +### What is Flatseal? + +Flatseal is a Flatpak application which gives you a friendly user interface to view and change permissions of all the Flatpak apps in your system. + +It is an excellent little app with an easy-to-use toggle button for each of the permission sections per application. Here’s how it looks (Figure 1). + +![Figure 1 – Flatseal App][2] + +### How do you use Flatseal to manage Flatpak Permission? + +When opening the Flatseal app, it should list all the Flatpak apps at the left navigation bar. And once you select one application, it shows the available permission settings in the main window at the right. + +Now, for each Flatpak permission control, the current value is shown in the toggle switch. If the permission is in use, it should be set. Otherwise, it should be greyed out. + +First, to set permission, you must navigate to your system’s application. Then, you can enable or disable any respective control from the permission list. + +Second, if you want to set a global control that applies to all the Flatpak in your system, you can choose “All Applications” at the left-top and apply the global setting (Figure 2). + +![Figure 2: Manage Flatpak Permission using Flatseal][3] + +It’s super easy. Isn’t it? + +### Example of Managing Flatpak Permission using Flatseal + +Let’s take an example. + +In my system, I have the above Flatpak installed (Figure 2). Let’s pick the Telegram Desktop app. Currently, the Telegram desktop does not have permission to access any home directory or user files (Figure 3). + +![Figure 3: Telegram Desktop Flatpak App does not have permission to the home folders][4] + +Now, if I want to permit all user files and any specific folder (e.g. /home/Downloads), you can give it by turning the enable switch on. See the Figure 4 below. + +![Figure 4: Permission changed of Telegram Desktop to give access to folders][5] + +Similarly, you can enable or disable the permission you want. Under the hood, Flatseal performs the internal Flatpak commands to achieve this. + +For example, the above scenario may translate to the following command. + +``` +flatpak override org.telegram.desktop --filesystem=/home/Downloads +``` + +And to remove: + +``` +flatpak override org.telegram.desktop --nofilesystem=/home/Downloads +``` + +There is also another cool feature of Flatseal which shows a small alert icon beside the user-specific permission changes (See Figure 4). + +### Can I install Flatseal in all Linux distributions? + +Yes, you can install [Flatseal][6] in all Linux Distributions as Flatpak. You can set up your system using [this guide][7] and run the following command to install. Or, [click here][8] to launch the system-specific installer directly. + +``` +flatpak install flathub com.github.tchx84.Flatseal +``` + +### Closing Notes + +I hope the above guide to managing Flatpak permission is easy enough for you to understand and start with Flatpak. It’s super easy to control and far easier to use. Also, you may want to visit our more Flatpak [guide here][9]. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/06/manage-flatpak-permission-flatseal/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/category/distributions +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Flatseal-App.jpg +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Manage-Flatpak-Permission-using-Flatseal.jpg +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Telegram-Desktop-Flatpak-App-does-not-have-permission-to-the-home-folders.jpg +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Permission-changed-of-Telegram-Desktop-to-give-access-to-folders.jpg +[6]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/com.github.tchx84.Flatseal +[7]: https://flatpak.org/setup/ +[8]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/com.github.tchx84.Flatseal.flatpakref +[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/tag/flatpak/ From 9b3ee12b3cbf4ec3582a45ffe6f770512cf612dd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Fri, 10 Jun 2022 17:30:12 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 38/75] Delete 20220609 Atom Text Editor Will Officially Be Terminated Later This Year.md --- ...fficially Be Terminated Later This Year.md | 41 ------------------- 1 file changed, 41 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/20220609 Atom Text Editor Will Officially Be Terminated Later This Year.md diff --git a/sources/news/20220609 Atom Text Editor Will Officially Be Terminated Later This Year.md b/sources/news/20220609 Atom Text Editor Will Officially Be Terminated Later This Year.md deleted file mode 100644 index 94ecc00027..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20220609 Atom Text Editor Will Officially Be Terminated Later This Year.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,41 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Atom Text Editor Will Officially Be Terminated Later This Year" -[#]: via: "https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/06/atom-text-editor-will-officially-be-terminated-later-this-year/" -[#]: author: "Laveesh Kocher https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/laveesh-kocher/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Atom Text Editor Will Officially Be Terminated Later This Year -====== -![github-cover][1] - -On December 15, Microsoft’s GitHub will shut down Atom, its open source text editor that inspired and influenced widely used commercial apps such as Microsoft Visual Studio Code, Slack, and GitHub Desktop. The social code company stated that it is doing so to focus on cloud-based software. - -GitHub Codespaces is a cloud-hosted development environment with Visual Studio Code integration. When Microsoft acquired Github in June 2018, Nat Friedman, the CEO at the time, reassured the GitHub community that Atom was still alive and well. - -Atom has come to a halt after four years of progress. Apart from maintenance and security updates, the project hasn’t seen significant feature development in several years, according to GitHub. Community involvement has declined during this time, and the business of locally installed software now appears less appealing than the potential recurring revenue, vendor lock-in, and information gathering enabled by cloud-based apps. - -The Atom shell – a separate component for integrating with Chromium, Node.js, and native APIs – was renamed Electron (a cross-platform app framework based on web tech) in 2015, and Microsoft began working with GitHub on Atom and Electron and what would become Visual Studio Code. - -That relationship has now followed the famous Microsoft model of embrace, extend, and extinguish, though Atom’s demise appears to be more like pushing dead weight out of a cloud-bound balloon than a strategically advantageous hit. - -Atom’s influence should be felt through the Electron framework. Electron.js is still the foundation for apps such as Discord, Skype, Slack, Trello, and Visual Studio Code, among others. However, technology evolves. Microsoft previously stated that it intends to abandon Electron in Teams. Other cross-platform frameworks, such as Flutter, Tauri, and Microsoft’s recently announced.NET Multi-platform App UI (.NET MAUI), may gain traction as well. - -Nonetheless, Atom is expected to operate past its December 15, 2022 decommissioning date. GitHub intends to archive the Atom repository, but the code is open source and available to anyone who wants to champion the project. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/06/atom-text-editor-will-officially-be-terminated-later-this-year/ - -作者：[Laveesh Kocher][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/laveesh-kocher/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/github-cover-e1654769639273.jpg From c7c98ab61b1ddc0e30440ec1da5974535d68a9aa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Fri, 10 Jun 2022 22:37:08 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 39/75] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020220610=20Run=20Windows=20Apps=20And=20Games=20Using=20?= =?UTF-8?q?WineZGUI=20On=20Linux.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... Apps And Games Using WineZGUI On Linux.md | 181 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 181 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220610 Run Windows Apps And Games Using WineZGUI On Linux.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220610 Run Windows Apps And Games Using WineZGUI On Linux.md b/sources/tech/20220610 Run Windows Apps And Games Using WineZGUI On Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2b15be39c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220610 Run Windows Apps And Games Using WineZGUI On Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,181 @@ +[#]: subject: "Run Windows Apps And Games Using WineZGUI On Linux" +[#]: via: "https://ostechnix.com/winezgui-run-windows-apps-and-games-on-linux/" +[#]: author: "sk https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Run Windows Apps And Games Using WineZGUI On Linux +====== +WineZGUI - A Wine GUI Frontend Using Zenity + +A while ago we wrote about **[Bottles][1]**, an opensource graphical application easily to run Windows software and Games on Linux operating systems. Today, we will discuss about a similar interesting project. Say hello to **WineZGUI**, a Wine GUI frontend to **[run windows apps and games with wine on Linux][2]**. + +#### Contents + +1. What Is WineZGUI? +2. Bottles Vs WineZGUI +3. How To Install WineZGUI In Linux +4. Run Windows Apps And Games With WineZGUI In Linux +5. Conclusion + +### What Is WineZGUI? + +WineZGUI is a collection of Bash scripts that allows you to easily manage wine prefixes and provides easier wine gaming experience on Linux using **Zenity**. + +Using WineZGUI, we can directly launch the Windows exe files or games from File manager without installing them. + +WineZGUI creates shortcut for each application or game for easier access and also creates separate prefixes for each exe binary file. + +When you launch a Windows exe file with WineZGUI, it will prompt you whether to use the default wine prefix or create a new one. The default prefix is `~/.local/share/winezgui/default`. + +If you choose to create a new prefix for the windows binary or exe, WineZGUI will try to extract the product name and icon from the exe file and it creates a desktop shortcut. + +When you launch the same exe or binary file later, it will recommend you to run it with the associated prefix earlier. + +To put this layman terms, WineZGUI is simply a Wine and winetricks simple GUI for official vanilla wine. Wine prefix setup is automatic when we launch an exe to play a game. + +You simply open an exe and it creates a prefix and a desktop shortcut with name and icon extracted from that exe. + +It uses **exiftool** and **icotool** utilities to extract the name and icon respectively. Either you can open an exe to launch that game from existing prefix, or use desktop shortcut. + +WineZGUI is a shell script that is freely hosted in GitHub. You can grab the source code, improve it, fix bugs and add features. + +### Bottles Vs WineZGUI + +You might wonder how does WineZGUI compare with Bottles. There is a subtle difference between these applications though. + +**Bottles is prefix oriented** and **runner oriented**. Meaning - Bottles first creates a prefix then use different exe files with it. Bottles does not remember exe's prefix. Bottles uses different runners. + +**WineZGUI is exe oriented**. It uses exe to create one prefix for that exe only. Next time we open an exe, it will ask whether to launch with existing exe prefix. + +WineZGUI does not offer advanced features like **bottles** or **[lutris][3]** do, like runners, online installers, etc. + +### How To Install WineZGUI In Linux + +Make sure you have installed the necessary prerequisites for WineZGUI. + +**Debian/Ubuntu:** + +``` +$ sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386 +$ sudo apt install zenity wine winetricks libimage-exiftool-perl icoutils gnome-terminal +``` + +**Fedora:** + +``` +$ sudo dnf install zenity wine winetricks perl-Image-ExifTool icoutils gnome-terminal +``` + +The officially recommended way to install WineZGUI is by using **[Flatpak][4]**. + +After installing Flatpak, run the following commands one by one to install WineZGUI in Linux. + +``` +$ flatpak --user remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo +``` + +``` +$ flatpak --user -y install flathub org.winehq.Wine/x86_64/stable-21.08 +``` + +``` +$ wget https://github.com/fastrizwaan/WineZGUI-Releases/releases/download/WineZGUI-0.4_20220608/io.github.WineZGUI_0_4_20220608.flatpak +``` + +``` +$ flatpak --user -y install io.github.WineZGUI_0_4_20220608.flatpak +``` + +### Run Windows Apps And Games With WineZGUI In Linux + +Launch WineZGUI from Dash or Menu. + +![Launch WineZGUI][5] + +This is how the default interface of WineZGUI looks like. + +![WineZGUI Interface][6] + +As you can see in the above screenshot, WineZGUI interface is very simple and easy to understand. From the main window, you can, + +* Open an EXE file, +* Open Winetricks GUI and CLI, +* Launch Wine configuration, +* Launch explorer, +* Open BASH shell, +* Kill all apps/games including WineZGUI interface, +* Delete wine prefix, +* View installed WineZGUI version. + +For the purpose of the demonstration, I am going to open an .exe file. + +In the next window, choose the EXE file to run. In my case, it is WinRAR. + +![Choose The EXE File To Run][7] + +Next, whether you want to run the EXE file with default prefix or create a new prefix. I choose default prefix. + +![Run WinRAR With Default Prefix][8] + +A few seconds later, the WinRAR setup wizard will appear. Click Install to continue. + +![Install WinRAR In Linux][9] + +Click OK to complete the WinRAR installation. + +![Complete WinRAR Installation][10] + +Click "Run WinRAR" to launch it. + +![Run WinRAR][11] + +Here is WinRAR running in my Fedora 36 desktop! + +![WinRAR Is Running In Fedora Using Wine][12] + +### Conclusion + +WineZGUI is a newcomer to the club. If you're looking for an easier way to run Windows apps and games using Wine on a Linux desktop, WineZGUI might be a good choice. + +With the help of WineZGUI, the users have an option to create a wine prefix right at same folder as the `.exe` and creating a relatively-linked `.desktop` entry to automatically do so. + +The reason being that it's easier to back up and delete a game along with the wine prefix, and having it generate a `.desktop` would make it resilient to being moved and transferred. + +A cool use-case would be to setup using the app, then share the wine prefix to your friend and others who just want a working wine prefix with all the dependencies, saves, etc. + +Give it a try and let us know what do you think about this project in the comment section below. + +**Resource:** + +* [WineZGUI GitHub Repository][13] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://ostechnix.com/winezgui-run-windows-apps-and-games-on-linux/ + +作者：[sk][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://ostechnix.com/run-windows-software-on-linux-with-bottles/ +[2]: https://ostechnix.com/run-windows-games-softwares-ubuntu-16-04/ +[3]: https://ostechnix.com/manage-games-using-lutris-linux/ +[4]: https://ostechnix.com/how-to-install-and-use-flatpak-in-linux/ +[5]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Launch-WineZGUI.png +[6]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/WineZGUI-Interface.png +[7]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Choose-The-EXE-File-To-Run.png +[8]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Run-WinRAR-With-Default-Prefix.png +[9]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Install-WinRAR-In-Linux.png +[10]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Complete-WinRAR-Installation.png +[11]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Run-WinRAR.png +[12]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/WinRAR-Is-Running-In-Fedora-Using-Wine.png +[13]: https://github.com/fastrizwaan/WineZGUI From 93e1d2e49ac74c7df5ec50ca754fe4f92a3811ef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E9=83=91?= Date: Sat, 11 Jun 2022 09:50:43 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 40/75] Translated --- ...cy Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 - 20.04 - 18.04.md | 273 ------------------ ...cy Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 - 20.04 - 18.04.md | 273 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 273 insertions(+), 273 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20220518 How To Boot Into Rescue Mode Or Emergency Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 - 20.04 - 18.04.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20220518 How To Boot Into Rescue Mode Or Emergency Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 - 20.04 - 18.04.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220518 How To Boot Into Rescue Mode Or Emergency Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 - 20.04 - 18.04.md b/sources/tech/20220518 How To Boot Into Rescue Mode Or Emergency Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 - 20.04 - 18.04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0824725cdf..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220518 How To Boot Into Rescue Mode Or Emergency Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 - 20.04 - 18.04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,273 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "How To Boot Into Rescue Mode Or Emergency Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 / 18.04" -[#]: via: "https://ostechnix.com/how-to-boot-into-rescue-mode-or-emergency-mode-in-ubuntu-18-04/" -[#]: author: "sk https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "robsean" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -How To Boot Into Rescue Mode Or Emergency Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 / 18.04 -====== -This tutorial explains how to boot into **rescue mode** or **emergency mode**in Ubuntu 22.04, 20.04 and 18.04 LTS editions. - -As you might already know, **Runlevels** are replaced with **Systemd targets** in many Linux distributions such as RHEL 7 / RHEL 8 and Ubuntu 16.04 LTS and newer versions. For more details about runlevels and systemd target, refer to [this guide][1]. - -This guide is specifically written for Ubuntu, however the steps given below should work on most Linux distributions that use **Systemd** as the default service manager. - -Before getting into the topic, let us have a brief understanding about what is rescue mode and emergency mode and what is the purpose of these both modes. - -### What Is Rescue Mode? - -The **rescue mode** is equivalent to **single user mode** in Linux distributions that use **SysV** as the default service manager. In rescue mode, all local filesystems will be mounted, only some important services will be started. However, no normal services (E.g network services) won't be started. - -The rescue mode is helpful in situations where the system can't boot normally. Also, we can perform some important rescue operations, such as [reset root password][2], in rescue mode. - -### What Is Emergency Mode? - -In contrast to the rescue mode, nothing is started in the **emergency mode**. No services are started, no mount points are mounted, no sockets are established, nothing. All you will have is just a **raw shell**. Emergency mode is suitable for debugging purposes. - -First, we will see how to boot into rescue mode and emergency mode in Ubuntu 22.04 and 20.04 LTS distributions. The procedure for entering rescue mode in Ubuntu 22.04 and 20.04 LTS is exactly the same! - -### Boot Into Rescue Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS - -We can boot into rescue mode in two ways. - -#### Method 1 - -Power on your Ubuntu system. Hit the ESC key right after the BIOS logo disappears to display the Grub menu. - -In the GRUB menu, choose the first entry and press **"e"** to edit it. - -![GRUB Menu In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS][3] - -Hit the DOWN arrow and find the line that starts with the word **"linux"** and add the following line at the end of it. To reach the end, just press **CTRL+e** or use the **END** key or **LEFT/RIGHT** arrows in your keyboard. - -``` -systemd.unit=rescue.target -``` - -![Edit Grub Boot Menu Entries To Enter Into Rescue Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS][4] - -After adding the above line, hit **Ctrl+x** or**F10** to boot into rescue mode. - -After a few seconds, you will be landed in the rescue mode (single user mode) as root user. You will be prompted to press ENTER to enter the maintenance mode. - -Here is how rescue mode looks like in Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS systems: - -![Boot Into Rescue Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS][5] - -Now do whatever you want to do in the rescue mode. You may need to mount the root (**/**) file system in read/write mode before doing any operations in rescue mode. - -``` -mount -n -o remount,rw / -``` - -![Mount Root File System In Read Write Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS][6] - -Once done, press **"Ctrl+d"** to boot into normal mode. Alternatively, you can type any one of the following commands to boot into normal mode. - -``` -systemctl default -``` - -Or, - -``` -exit -``` - -If you want to reboot the system instead of booting into normal mode, enter: - -``` -systemctl reboot -``` - -#### Method 2 - -In this method, you don't need to edit the grub boot menu entries. - -Power on the system and choose **"Advanced options for Ubuntu"** from the Grub boot menu. - -![Choose Advanced Options For Ubuntu From Grub Boot Menu][7] - -Next, you will see the list of available Ubuntu versions with Kernel versions. Choose the **"Recovery mode"** in the grub boot menu in Ubuntu. - -![Choose Recovery Mode In Grub Boot Menu In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS][8] - -After a few seconds, you will see the Ubuntu recovery menu. From the recovery menu, choose **"Drop to root shell prompt"** option and hit the ENTER key. - -![Enter Into Root Shell Prompt In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS][9] - -Now you will be landed in the rescue mode. - -![Ubuntu Maintenance Mode][10] - -Mount the root (**/**) file system in read/write mode by entering the following command: - -``` -mount -n -o remount,rw / -``` - -![Mount Root File System In Read Write Mode In Ubuntu][11] - -Do whatever you want to do in the rescue mode. - -Once done, type exit to return back to the recovery menu. - -``` -exit -``` - -Finally, choose **"Resume normal boot"** option and hit the ENTER key. - -![Boot Into Normal Mode In Ubuntu][12] - -Press ENTER key again to exit recovery mode and continue booting into normal mode. - -![Exit The Recovery Mode In Ubuntu][13] - -If you don't want to boot into normal mode, type **"reboot"** and press ENTER from the maintenance mode to restart your system. - -### Boot Into Emergency Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS - -When the GRUB boot menu appears, press **"e"** to edit it. - -![GRUB Menu In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS][14] - -Find the line that starts with the word **"linux"** and add the following line at the end of it. - -``` -systemd.unit=emergency.target -``` - -![Edit Grub Boot Menu Entries To Enter Into Emergency Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS][15] - -After adding the above line, hit **Ctrl+x** or**F10** to boot into emergency mode. - -After a few seconds, you will be landed in the emergency mode as `root` user. You will be prompted to press ENTER to enter the maintenance mode. - -Here is how emergency mode looks like in Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS system: - -![Boot Into Emergency Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS][16] - -Now do whatever you want to do in the emergency mode. You may need to mount the root (**/**) file system in read/write mode before doing any operations in this mode. - -``` -mount -n -o remount,rw / -``` - -Once done, press **"Ctrl+d"** to boot into normal mode. Alternatively, you can type any one of the following commands to boot into normal mode. - -``` -systemctl default -``` - -Or, - -``` -exit -``` - -If you want to reboot the system instead of booting into normal mode, enter: - -``` -systemctl reboot -``` - -### Boot Into Rescue Mode In Ubuntu 18.04 LTS - -Boot your Ubuntu system. When the Grub menu appears, choose the first entry and press **e** to edit. (To reach the end, just press **CTRL+e** or use the END key or LEFT/RIGHT arrows in your keyboard): - -![Grub Menu][17] - -If you don't see the Grub menu, just hit ESC key right after the BIOS logo disappears. - -Find the line that starts with word **"linux"**and add the following line at the end of that line (To reach the end, just press **CTRL+e** or use the END key or LEFT/RIGHT arrows in your keyboard): - -``` -systemd.unit=rescue.target -``` - -![Edit Grub Menu][18] - -Once you added the above line, just press **CTRL+x** or **F10** to continue to boot into rescue mode. After a few seconds, you will be landed in the rescue mode (single user mode) as root user. - -Here is how rescue mode looks like in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS server: - -![Ubuntu Rescue Mode][19] - -Next, type the following command to mount root (**/**) file system into read/write mode. - -``` -mount -n -o remount,rw / -``` - -### Boot Into Emergency Mode - -Booting your Ubuntu into emergency is as same as above method. All you have to do is replace **"systemd.unit=rescue.target"** with **"systemd.unit=emergency.target"** when editing grub menu. - -![Edit Grub Menu][20] - -Once you added "systemd.unit=emergency.target", press **Ctrl+x** or **F10** to continue booting into emergency mode. - -![Ubuntu Emergency Mode][21] - -Finally, you can mount root filesystem into read/write mode with command: - -``` -mount -n -o remount,rw / -``` - -### Switch Between Rescue And Emergency Modes - -If you are in rescue mode, you don't have to edit the grub boot entry as I mentioned above. Instead, just type the following command to switch to emergency mode instantly: - -``` -systemctl emergency -``` - -Similarly, to switch from emergency to rescue mode, type: - -``` -systemctl rescue -``` - -### Conclusion - -You know now what is rescue and emergency modes and how to boot into those modes in Ubuntu 22.04, 20.04 and 18.04 LTS systems. Like I already mentioned, the steps provided here will work on many recent Linux versions that uses Systemd. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://ostechnix.com/how-to-boot-into-rescue-mode-or-emergency-mode-in-ubuntu-18-04/ - -作者：[sk][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://ostechnix.com/check-runlevel-linux/ -[2]: https://ostechnix.com/how-to-reset-or-recover-root-user-password-in-linux/ -[3]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/GRUB-Menu-In-Ubuntu-22.04-LTS.png -[4]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Edit-Grub-Boot-Menu-Entries-To-Enter-Into-Rescue-Mode-In-Ubuntu-22.04-LTS.png -[5]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Boot-Into-Rescue-Mode-In-Ubuntu-22.04.png -[6]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Mount-Root-File-System-In-Read-Write-Mode-In-Ubuntu.png -[7]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Choose-Advanced-Options-For-Ubuntu-From-Grub-Boot-Menu.png -[8]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Choose-Recovery-Mode-In-Grub-Boot-Menu-In-Ubuntu.png -[9]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Enter-Into-Root-Shell-Prompt-In-Ubuntu.png -[10]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-Maintenance-Mode.png -[11]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Mount-Root-File-System-In-Read-Write-Mode-In-Ubuntu-1.png -[12]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Boot-Into-Normal-Mode-In-Ubuntu.png -[13]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Exit-The-Recovery-Mode-In-Ubuntu.png -[14]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/GRUB-Menu-In-Ubuntu-22.04-LTS.png -[15]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Edit-Grub-Boot-Menu-Entries-To-Enter-Into-Emergency-Mode-In-Ubuntu.png -[16]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Boot-Into-Emergency-Mode-In-Ubuntu-20.04-LTS.png -[17]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Grub-menu.png -[18]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Edit-grub-menu.png -[19]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Ubuntu-rescue-mode.png -[20]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/emergency-mode.png -[21]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/emergency-mode-1.png diff --git a/translated/tech/20220518 How To Boot Into Rescue Mode Or Emergency Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 - 20.04 - 18.04.md b/translated/tech/20220518 How To Boot Into Rescue Mode Or Emergency Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 - 20.04 - 18.04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ea5639d149 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220518 How To Boot Into Rescue Mode Or Emergency Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 - 20.04 - 18.04.md @@ -0,0 +1,273 @@ +[#]: subject: "How To Boot Into Rescue Mode Or Emergency Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 / 18.04" +[#]: via: "https://ostechnix.com/how-to-boot-into-rescue-mode-or-emergency-mode-in-ubuntu-18-04/" +[#]: author: "sk https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "robsean" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + + 如何在 Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 / 18.04 中启动到 救援Rescue 模式 或 紧急Emergency 模式 +====== +这篇教程将介绍如何在 Ubuntu 22.04、20.04 和 18.04 LTS 版本中启动到 救援Rescue 模式 或 紧急Emergency 模式。 + +你可能已经知道，在 Linux 发行版中 **运行等级Runlevels** 已经被 **系统目标Systemd targets** 所替代，例如， RHEL 7 、RHEL 8 、Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 及其更新的版本。更多关于 运行等级Runlevels 和 系统目标Systemd targets 的信息，参考 [这篇指南][1] 。 + +这篇指南是针对 Ubuntu 编写的，但是，下面所给的步骤应该也适用于大多数使用 **Systemd** 作为默认服务管理器的 Linux 发行版。 + +在进入主题前，让我们简单的理解：什么是 救援rescue 模式 和 紧急Emergency 模式，以及这两种模式的目的是什么。 + +### 什么是 救援rescue 模式？ + +在 Linux 发行版中，救援rescue 模式 等效于 单用户single user 模式，它使用 **SysV** 作为默认的服务器管理器。在 救援rescue 模式 中，将挂载所有的本地文件系统，将仅启动一些重要的服务。但是，不会启动一般的服务 (例如，网络服务)。 + +救援rescue 模式 在不能正常启动系统的情况下是很有用的。此外，我们可以在 救援rescue 模式 下执行一些重要的 救援rescue 操作，例如，[重新设置 root 密码][2] 。 + +### 什么是 紧急Emergency 模式？ + +与 救援rescue 模式相比， 在 紧急Emergency 模式中，不会启动任何的东西。不会启动服务，不会挂载挂载点，不会建立套接字，什么都不会启动。你将所拥有的只是一个 **原始的 shell** 。紧急Emergency 模式适用于调试目的。 + +首先，我们将看到如何在 Ubuntu 22.04 和 20.04 LTS 发行版中启动到 救援Rescue 模式 或 紧急Emergency 模式。在 Ubuntu 22.04 和 20.04 LTS 中进入 救援rescue 模式 的过程是完全相同的！ + +### 在 Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS 中启动到 救援rescue 模式 + +我们可以使用两种方法来启动到 救援rescue 模式。 + +#### 方法 1 + +打开你的 Ubuntu 系统。在 BIOS 徽标出现后，按下 ESC 按键来显示 GRUB 菜单。 + +在 GRUB 菜单中，选择第一项，并按下 **"e"** 按键来编辑它。 + +![GRUB Menu In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS][3] + +按下 **下箭头** 按键，并找到以单词 **"linux"** 开头的一行代码，并在其结尾处添加下面的一行代码。为到达其结尾处，只需要按下 **CTRL+e** 组合键，或使用你键盘上的 **END** 按键或 **左箭头/右箭头** 按键。 + +``` +systemd.unit=rescue.target +``` + +![Edit Grub Boot Menu Entries To Enter Into Rescue Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS][4] + +在添加上面的代码行后，按下 **Ctrl+x** 组合键 或按下 **F10** 按键来启动到 救援rescue 模式. + +数秒后，你将作为 root 用户来登陆到 救援rescue 模式 (单用户single user 模式) 。将会提示你按下 回车ENTER 按键来进入维护模式。 + +下图是 Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS 系统的 救援rescue 模式 的样子： + +![Boot Into Rescue Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS][5] + +现在，在 救援rescue 模式 中做你想做的任何事。在 救援rescue 模式 中，在你执行任何操作前，你可能需要以 读/写 模式 的方式来挂载 root (**/**) 文件系统。 + +``` +mount -n -o remount,rw / +``` + +![Mount Root File System In Read Write Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS][6] + +在完成后，按下 **"Ctrl+d"** 组合键来启动到正常模式。或者，你可以输入下面的任意一个命令来启动到正常模式。 + +``` +systemctl default +``` + +或者， + +``` +exit +``` + +如果你想重新启动系统，而不是启动到正常的模式，输入： + +``` +systemctl reboot +``` + +#### 方法 2 + +在这种方法中，你不需要编辑 GRUB 启动菜单项目。 + +打开系统电源，并从 GRUB 启动菜单中选择 Ubuntu 高级选项Advanced options for Ubuntu。 + +![Choose Advanced Options For Ubuntu From Grub Boot Menu][7] + +接下来，你将看到一个带有内核版本的可用的 Ubuntu 版本的列表。在 Ubuntu 中的 GRUB 启动菜单中选择 恢复Recovery 模式。 + +![Choose Recovery Mode In Grub Boot Menu In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS][8] + +数秒后，你将看到 Ubuntu 的 恢复Recovery 菜单。从 恢复Recovery 菜单中，选择 **进入 root 的 shell 提示符Drop to root shell prompt** 选项 ，并按下 回车ENTER 按键。 + +![Enter Into Root Shell Prompt In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS][9] + +现在，你将登陆到 救援rescue 模式。 + +![Ubuntu Maintenance Mode][10] + +通过输入下面的命令来 以 读/写 模式的方式 来挂载 root (**/**) 文件系统： + +``` +mount -n -o remount,rw / +``` + +![Mount Root File System In Read Write Mode In Ubuntu][11] + +在 救援rescue 模式 中做你想做的任何事。 + +在完成后，输入 **exit** 来返回到 恢复Recovery 菜单。 + +``` +exit +``` + +最后，选择 **救援正常启动Resume normal boot** 选项，并按下 回车ENTER 按键。 + +![Boot Into Normal Mode In Ubuntu][12] + +再次按下 回车ENTER 按键来退出 恢复Recovery 模式，并继续启动到正常模式。 + +![Exit The Recovery Mode In Ubuntu][13] + +如果你不想启动到正常模式，输入 **reboot** 并从维护模式中按下 回车ENTER 按键来重新启动你的系统。 + +### 在 Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS 中启动到 紧急Emergency 模式 + +当 GRUB 菜单出现时，按下 **"e"** 按键来编辑它。 + +![GRUB Menu In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS][14] + +找到以单词 **"linux"** 开头的一行代码，并在其结尾处添加下面的一行代码。 + +``` +systemd.unit=emergency.target +``` + +![Edit Grub Boot Menu Entries To Enter Into Emergency Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS][15] + +在添加上面的代码行后，按下 **Ctrl+x** 组合键，或按下 **F10** 按键来启动到 紧急Emergency 模式。 + +数秒后，你将作为 `root` 用户来登陆到 紧急Emergency 模式。将会提示你按下 回车ENTER 按键来进入维护模式。 + +下图是 Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS 系统的 紧急Emergency 模式 的样子： + +![Boot Into Emergency Mode In Ubuntu 22.04 / 20.04 LTS][16] + +现在，在 紧急Emergency 模式 中做你想做的任何事。在 紧急Emergency 模式 中，在你执行任何操作前，你可能需要以 读/写 模式 的方式来挂载 root (**/**) 文件系统。 + +``` +mount -n -o remount,rw / +``` + +在完成后，按下 **"Ctrl+d"** 组合键来启动到正常模式。或者，你可以输入下面的任意一个命令来启动到正常模式。 + +``` +systemctl default +``` + +或者， + +``` +exit +``` + +如果你想重新启动系统，而不是启动到正常的模式，输入： + +``` +systemctl reboot +``` + +### 在 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 中启动到 救援rescue 模式 + +启动你的 Ubuntu 系统。当 GRUB 菜单出现时，选择第一项并按下按键 **"e"** 来编辑。(为到达其结尾处，只需要按下 **CTRL+e** 组合键，或使用你键盘上的 **END** 按键或 **左箭头/右箭头** 按键)： + +![Grub Menu][17] + +如果你没有看到 GRUB 菜单，只需要在 BIOS 徽标出现后，按下 ESC 按键来显示 GRUB 菜单。 + +找到以单词 **"linux"** 开头的一行代码，并在其结尾处添加下面的一行代码 (为到达其结尾处，只需要按下 **CTRL+e** 组合键，或使用你键盘上的 **END** 按键或 **左箭头/右箭头** 按键)： + +``` +systemd.unit=rescue.target +``` + +![Edit Grub Menu][18] + +在添加上面的代码行后，只需要按下 **Ctrl+x** 组合键，或按下 **F10** 按键来启动到 救援rescue 模式。数秒后，你将作为 `root` 用户来登陆到 救援rescue 模式 (单用户single user 模式) 。 + +下图是 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 服务器 系统的 救援rescue 模式 的样子： + +![Ubuntu Rescue Mode][19] + +接下来，输入下面的命令来挂载 root (**/**) 文件系统为 读/写 模式。 + +``` +mount -n -o remount,rw / +``` + +### 启动到 紧急Emergency 模式 + +启动你的 Ubuntu 到 紧急Emergency 模式 基本与上述方法相同。你所需要做的全部工作是，在编辑 GRUB 菜单时，将 **"systemd.unit=rescue.target"** 替换为 **"systemd.unit=emergency.target"** 。 + +![Edit Grub Menu][20] + +在你添加 "systemd.unit=emergency.target" 后，按下 **Ctrl+x** 组合键，或按下 **F10** 按键来启动到 紧急Emergency 模式。 + +![Ubuntu Emergency Mode][21] + +最后，你可以使用下面的命令来以 读/写 模式的方式 来挂载 root (**/**) 文件系统： + +``` +mount -n -o remount,rw / +``` + +### 在 救援rescue 模式 和 紧急Emergency 模式 之间切换 + +如果你正在 救援rescue 模式 中，你不必像我上述提到的那样来编辑 GRUB 的菜单启动项。相反，你只想要输入下面的命令来立刻切换到 紧急Emergency 模式： + +``` +systemctl emergency +``` + +同样，为从 紧急Emergency 模式 切换到 救援rescue 模式，输入： + +``` +systemctl rescue +``` + +### 总结 + +现在，你知道了什么是 救援Rescue 模式 和 紧急Emergency 模式，以及如何在 Ubuntu 22.04 、20.04 和 18.04 LTS 系统中启动到这些模式。 正如我已经提到的，在这里提供的这些步骤应该也适用于大多数当前使用 **Systemd** 作为默认服务管理器的 Linux 发行版。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://ostechnix.com/how-to-boot-into-rescue-mode-or-emergency-mode-in-ubuntu-18-04/ + +作者：[sk][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://ostechnix.com/author/sk/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://ostechnix.com/check-runlevel-linux/ +[2]: https://ostechnix.com/how-to-reset-or-recover-root-user-password-in-linux/ +[3]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/GRUB-Menu-In-Ubuntu-22.04-LTS.png +[4]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Edit-Grub-Boot-Menu-Entries-To-Enter-Into-Rescue-Mode-In-Ubuntu-22.04-LTS.png +[5]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Boot-Into-Rescue-Mode-In-Ubuntu-22.04.png +[6]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Mount-Root-File-System-In-Read-Write-Mode-In-Ubuntu.png +[7]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Choose-Advanced-Options-For-Ubuntu-From-Grub-Boot-Menu.png +[8]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Choose-Recovery-Mode-In-Grub-Boot-Menu-In-Ubuntu.png +[9]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Enter-Into-Root-Shell-Prompt-In-Ubuntu.png +[10]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ubuntu-Maintenance-Mode.png +[11]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Mount-Root-File-System-In-Read-Write-Mode-In-Ubuntu-1.png +[12]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Boot-Into-Normal-Mode-In-Ubuntu.png +[13]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Exit-The-Recovery-Mode-In-Ubuntu.png +[14]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/GRUB-Menu-In-Ubuntu-22.04-LTS.png +[15]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Edit-Grub-Boot-Menu-Entries-To-Enter-Into-Emergency-Mode-In-Ubuntu.png +[16]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Boot-Into-Emergency-Mode-In-Ubuntu-20.04-LTS.png +[17]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Grub-menu.png +[18]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Edit-grub-menu.png +[19]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Ubuntu-rescue-mode.png +[20]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/emergency-mode.png +[21]: https://ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/emergency-mode-1.png From 98cf738392397120adce8c341385a54d88941a01 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Sat, 11 Jun 2022 11:18:17 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 41/75] RP @robsean https://linux.cn/article-14695-1.html --- ... Updated Desktop Environments, and More.md | 100 ++++++++++++++++++ ... Updated Desktop Environments, and More.md | 99 ----------------- 2 files changed, 100 insertions(+), 99 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/20220609 openSUSE Leap 15.4 Release Adds Leap Micro 5.2, Updated Desktop Environments, and More.md delete mode 100644 translated/news/20220609 openSUSE Leap 15.4 Release Adds Leap Micro 5.2, Updated Desktop Environments, and More.md diff --git a/published/20220609 openSUSE Leap 15.4 Release Adds Leap Micro 5.2, Updated Desktop Environments, and More.md b/published/20220609 openSUSE Leap 15.4 Release Adds Leap Micro 5.2, Updated Desktop Environments, and More.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..740bfc4082 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20220609 openSUSE Leap 15.4 Release Adds Leap Micro 5.2, Updated Desktop Environments, and More.md @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +[#]: subject: "openSUSE Leap 15.4 Release Adds Leap Micro 5.2, Updated Desktop Environments, and More" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/opensuse-leap-15-4-release/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "robsean" +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14695-1.html" + +openSUSE Leap 15.4 发布版本添加了 Leap Micro 5.2、更新桌面环境等等 +====== + +> 为奋起直追 SUSE Linux Enterprise 的 SP 4 ，openSUSE Leap 15.4 到来了，带来了新的升级和极其重要的改善。 + +![opensuse 15.4][1] + +即将到来的 openSUSE 小发布版本终于来了。如果你使用 openSUSE 作为你日常使用的桌面或服务器版本，你现在可能已经测试候选版本好几周了。 + +openSUSE Leap 15.4 的重点是软件包的更新，用以奋起直追 SUSE Linux Enterprise 的 SP 4 。因此，你将注意到一些弃用的软件包，以及可用于替换它们的新的升级。 + +当然，你应该有一些可用的软件包来确保兼容性。但是，大多数较旧的版本已经被移除。 + +### openSUSE Leap 15.4: 有什么新的变化？ + +为与最新的 SUSE Linux Enterprise（SLE）相适应，像 Python 2 和 KDE 4 一样的软件包已经被移除。你可以在这次的发布版本中找到较新的桌面环境。 + +此外，在容器和 AI/ML 用例方面，更新了 Podman、Containerd、Tensorflow 和 Grafana。 + +#### Leap Micro 5.2 + +Leap Micro 是针对容器和虚拟化工作负载定制的轻量级操作系统的最新版本。它也是 Leap 版的 [MicroOS][2]，是 Tumbleweed 的一种变体，提供了自动管理和修补。 + +#### 桌面环境 + +Xfce 4.16 继续保留，但你可以找到主要功能的一些新补充，包括新图标和调色板。 + +Xfce 4.16 中的设置管理器也获得了视觉上的刷新。类似地，文件管理器（Thunar）也有一些改善，新的状态托盘插件的深色模式支持等等。 + +KDE 4 软件包已经被弃用，Plasma 5.24 LTS 已经作为长期支持版本中包含于其中。 + +要深入了解这些变化，你可以查看我们之前针对 [KDE Plasma 5.24 LTS][3] 的报道。总体来说，新的 KDE Plasma 体验应该会令桌面用户赞叹。 + +说到 GNOME，你可以发现包含在 openSUSE Leap 15.4 中的 GNOME 41 带来了一系列的改善和新的特色功能。了解更多关于 [GNOME 41][4] 的信息，你可以期待它的一些新的特色功能。 + +对于其它的可用的桌面环境来说，Leap 15.4 包括： + +* MATE 桌面环境 1.26 +* Enlightenment 桌面环境0.25.3 +* 深度桌面环境 20.3 + +#### 弃用的软件包 + +移除了一些基础的软件包，包括 Python 2（生命终结）、Digikam、TensorFlow 1.x 和 Qt 4 等软件包。 + +在更新系统后，你可以使用 Qt 5 和 Plasma 5 。 + +#### 更新的软件包 + +很多重要的软件包在 Leap 15.4 中得到了更新，包含一些流行的软件包： + +* TensorFlow 2.6.2 +* Podman 3.4.4 +* GNU Health 4.0 +* sudo 1.9.9 +* systemd 249.10 +* AppArmor 3.04 +* DNF 4.10.0 +* LibreOffice 7.2.5 + +因此，你应该会注意到一些针对服务器用户和桌面用户的各种应用程序的有用更新。很多多媒体应用程序，像 VLC、GNOME MPV 等，都得到了升级。 + +#### 其它改善 + +随着基本软件的更新和清理，你也可以找到一个由 SUSE 维护的较新的 Linux 内核 5.14.21。 + +更新后的内核对硬件的支持应该会有改善。 + +更多信息，你可以参考针对 [openSUSE Leap 15.4][5] 的发布版本说明。 + +> **[下载 openSUSE Leap 15.4][6]** + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/opensuse-leap-15-4-release/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/opensuse-leap-15-4.jpg +[2]: https://microos.opensuse.org/ +[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/kde-plasma-5-24-lts-release/ +[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/gnome-41-release/ +[5]: https://doc.opensuse.org/release-notes/x86_64/openSUSE/Leap/15.4/#rnotes +[6]: https://get.opensuse.org/leap/15.4/ diff --git a/translated/news/20220609 openSUSE Leap 15.4 Release Adds Leap Micro 5.2, Updated Desktop Environments, and More.md b/translated/news/20220609 openSUSE Leap 15.4 Release Adds Leap Micro 5.2, Updated Desktop Environments, and More.md deleted file mode 100644 index c6ab275f1c..0000000000 --- a/translated/news/20220609 openSUSE Leap 15.4 Release Adds Leap Micro 5.2, Updated Desktop Environments, and More.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,99 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "openSUSE Leap 15.4 Release Adds Leap Micro 5.2, Updated Desktop Environments, and More" -[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/opensuse-leap-15-4-release/" -[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "robsean" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -openSUSE Leap 15.4 发布版本添加了 Leap Micro 5.2、更新桌面环境等等 -====== -为奋起直追 SUSE Linux Enterprise 的 Service Pack 4 ，openSUSE Leap 15.4 到来了，带来了新的升级和极其重要的改善。 - -![opensuse 15.4][1] - -即将到来的 openSUSE 小发布版本终于要来了。如果你使用 OpenSUSE 作为你日常驱动的桌面或服务器版本，你现在可能已经测试候选版本好几周了。 - -openSUSE Leap 15.4 专注于软件包的更新，用以奋起直追 SUSE Linux Enterprise 的 Service Pack 4 。因此，你将注意到一些弃用的软件包，以及可用于替换它们的新的升级。 - -当然，你应该有一些可用的软件包来确保兼容性。但是，大多数较旧的版本已经被移除。 - -### openSUSE Leap 15.4: 有什么新的变化？ - -为与最新的 SUSE Linux Enterprise (SLE) 相适应，像 Python 2 和 KDE 4 一样的软件包已经被移除。你可以在这次的发布版本中找到较新的桌面环境。 - -此外，在容器和 AI/ML 用例方面，更新 podman、containerd、Tensorflow 和 Grafana。 - -#### Leap Micro 5.2 - -Leap Micro 是针对容器和虚拟化工作负载定制的轻量级操作系统的最新版本。它也是一个针对 leap 的 [MicroOS][2] 的新作品，它是 Tumbleweed 的一种变体, 提供自动地管理和修补。 - -#### 桌面环境 - -Xfce 4.16 继续保留，但是你可以找到下一个主要版本中的一些的特色功能，包括新图标和调色板。 - -在 Xfce 4.16 中的设置管理器也获得了视觉上的刷新。类似地，文件管理器 (Thunar) 也有一些改善，暗黑模式支持一个新的状态托盘插件等等。 - -KDE 4 软件包已经被弃用，Plasma 5.24 LTS 已经包含在一个 LTS 发布版本中。 - -为探索这些更改，你可以查看我们针对 [KDE Plasma 5.24 LTS][3] 的原始的新闻报道。总得来说，新的 KDE Plasma 体验应该会令桌面用户赞叹。 - -当它来到 GNOME 时，你可以发现包含在 openSUSE Leap 15.4 中的 GNOME 41 带来了一系列的改善和新的特色功能。了解更多关于 [GNOME 41][4] 的信息来知道你可以期待哪些新的特色功能。 - -对于其它的可用的桌面环境来说，Leap 15.4 包括： - -* MATE 桌面环境 1.26 -* Enlightenment 桌面环境0.25.3 -* 深度Deepin 桌面环境 20.3 - -#### 弃用的软件包 - -一些极其重要的软件包已经被移除，包括 python 2 (生命终结)、digika、tensorflow 1.x 和 Qt 4 等软件包。 - -在更新系统后，你将找到可用的 Qt 5 和 Plasma 5 。 - -#### 更新的软件包 - -针对 Leap 15.4 更新了很多重要的软件包, 包含一些流行的软件包： - -* TensorFlow 2.6.2 -* podman 3.4.4 -* GNU Health 4.0 -* sudo 1.9.9 -* systemd 249.10 -* AppArmor 3.04 -* DNF 4.10.0 -* LibreOffice 7.2.5 - -因此，你应该会注意到一些有用的针对服务器用户和桌面用户的各种各样的应用程序的更新的升级。很多多媒体应用程序，像 VLC、GNOME MPV 等，都接受到了升级。 - -#### 其它改善 - -随着极其重要的软件的更新和清理，你也可以找到一个较新的由 SUSE 维护的 Linux 内核 5.14.21 版本。 - -随着内核的更新，硬件的支持也会带来改善。 - -更多信息，你可以参考针对 [openSUSE Leap 15.4][5] 的发布版本说明。 - -[下载 openSUSE Leap 15.4][6] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://news.itsfoss.com/opensuse-leap-15-4-release/ - -作者：[Ankush Das][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/opensuse-leap-15-4.jpg -[2]: https://microos.opensuse.org/ -[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/kde-plasma-5-24-lts-release/ -[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/gnome-41-release/ -[5]: https://doc.opensuse.org/release-notes/x86_64/openSUSE/Leap/15.4/#rnotes -[6]: https://get.opensuse.org/leap/15.4/ From e1d273314470eb8e1d99d30464b017c80179aa0d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Sat, 11 Jun 2022 13:32:31 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 42/75] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020220611=20Don-t=20Be=20Afraid=20of=20Linux=20Terminal.?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Embrace=20it..md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...e Afraid of Linux Terminal. Embrace it..md | 144 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 144 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220611 Don-t Be Afraid of Linux Terminal. Embrace it..md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220611 Don-t Be Afraid of Linux Terminal. Embrace it..md b/sources/tech/20220611 Don-t Be Afraid of Linux Terminal. Embrace it..md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4d7f707a1d --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220611 Don-t Be Afraid of Linux Terminal. Embrace it..md @@ -0,0 +1,144 @@ +[#]: subject: "Don’t Be Afraid of Linux Terminal. Embrace it." +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/love-thy-terminal/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Don’t Be Afraid of Linux Terminal. Embrace it. +====== +Most of our focus goes into avoiding the Linux terminal, at least, for new users comfortable with Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs). + +While it is good to make things easy and convenient, there are a few reasons why you should not be afraid of dipping your toes into the Linux terminal. + +Here, I shall highlight some of them to encourage you to try a few things in the terminal that should help you eventually. + +### 1. Quick Access to Information on Commands + +![quick info terminal][1] + +At times, you may need to use a command in the terminal to perform something. Sure, you can just copy-paste without knowing what it actually does. + +But, what if you are interested to know a bit more about the command? + +Well, you just need to type in: + +``` +man +``` + +For instance: man apt + +It will give you all the essential details right on the same screen, without needing an internet connection or scouring the web to find out what it does. You save time, you get to know stuff. + +And, that makes things convenient, giving you more confidence in using the terminal. + +These are often referred to as “man pages”. You can read one of our resources to[learn about man pages on Linux][2]. + +Thanks to the terminal. + +### 2. Troubleshooting Problems + +![troubleshoting illustration][3] + +When you search for a fix on the internet, most of the solutions provide you with commands to get it fixed. + +Hence, one of the best use-cases of the terminal is to resolve several system issues quite easily. You will have to be careful here, because + +While there are things that you can tweak around with GUI programs, the majority of the easy fixes go through the terminal. + +Considering we have several [troubleshooting guides][4] on our portal, some examples include: + +* [Checking network adapter manufacturer][5] +* [Fixing long shutdown time][6] +* [Fix no Wi-Fi with broadcom adapters][7] + +### 3. Easily Work With a Remote Server + +![remote server illustration][8] + +You will end up accessing the command line (or the terminal) to access a remote server and perform various operations, including file transfers. + +Compared to a GUI method for a remote server, you minimize bandwidth issues and ensure that you get to perform anything you need faster using the Linux terminal. + +There are also options to open a GUI program on the remote server via the terminal. Even if it is slow, the terminal gives you plenty of abilities to interact comfortably with a remote server. + +### 4. Resource Efficient + +It does not matter whether you use one of the [best Linux distributions][9], a Linux terminal is always resource-efficient and consumes the least amount of memory. + +If you are low on resources or may have a graphics driver conflict with a GUI program, you can always rely on the Linux terminal. + +This should help you through critical tasks without taking much system resources. + +### 5. Fast + +![fast illustration][10] + +Not just limited to the memory usage, but you can get things done faster with a terminal over a GUI, you know? + +Some tasks you can try include installing an application, launching a program, performing complex file operations, and more. + +### 6. Stable and Reliable Command-line Programs + +Compared to GUI programs, terminal programs are stable and more reliable. Why? + +Fewer factors influence the program with crashes/bugs when it comes to a terminal. + +While the terminal tools could be unintuitive, they are often built for servers in mind. So, the tools do not receive frequent experience breaking updates and do not quickly fail to work. + +### 7. More Tools for CLI + +We do not have a GUI program for everything on Linux. However, there are several [CLI tools][11] to perform a wide range of operations, some fun and critical tasks as well. + +You need to get something done; chances are, you will find a command-line tool for it. + +### 8. Various Terminal Emulators to Try + +![variety illustration][12] + +While you should not have any trouble with the default terminal emulator installed on your Linux distribution, you have plenty of other options. + +If you prefer a different look, more advanced features, or tailored for a specific use, you can look at some of the [best terminal emulators][13] available. + +If you thought using the terminal was boring, you must try some of them. + +### Wrapping Up + +Personally, I feared the terminal when I was a new Linux user. But, as I got comfortable with it for small tasks, I got to realize the perks mentioned above. + +You do not need to use the terminal over GUI for everything. Nevertheless, it is good to prefer the terminal for a few things because you might save your time, and get things done faster, and in a hassle-free manner. + +Abhishek has written an [excellent guide on various small things that make you get more comfortable with the Linux terminal][14]. + +*What do you think are the benefits of a terminal over a GUI? What are your reasons to prefer the terminal? Let me know your thoughts in the comments section below.* + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/love-thy-terminal/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/quick-info-terminal.png +[2]: https://itsfoss.com/linux-man-page-guide/ +[3]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/troubleshoting-illustration.jpg +[4]: https://itsfoss.com/tag/troubleshoot/ +[5]: https://itsfoss.com/find-network-adapter-ubuntu-linux/ +[6]: https://itsfoss.com/long-shutdown-linux/ +[7]: https://itsfoss.com/fix-no-wireless-network-ubuntu/ +[8]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/remote-server-illustration.jpg +[9]: https://itsfoss.com/best-linux-distributions/ +[10]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/fast-illustration.jpg +[11]: https://itsfoss.com/tag/cli-tools/ +[12]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/variety-illustration.jpg +[13]: https://itsfoss.com/linux-terminal-emulators/ +[14]: https://itsfoss.com/basic-terminal-tips-ubuntu/ From 1acc3c1f99f8dcaf9774f848c18e247d6094ec5b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Sat, 11 Jun 2022 14:31:44 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 43/75] RP @TravinDreek https://linux.cn/article-14696-1.html --- ...ou Can Do With DuckDuckGo Search Engine.md | 121 +++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 62 insertions(+), 59 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20220514 Hidden Features! 25 Fun Things You Can Do With DuckDuckGo Search Engine.md (55%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20220514 Hidden Features! 25 Fun Things You Can Do With DuckDuckGo Search Engine.md b/published/20220514 Hidden Features! 25 Fun Things You Can Do With DuckDuckGo Search Engine.md similarity index 55% rename from translated/tech/20220514 Hidden Features! 25 Fun Things You Can Do With DuckDuckGo Search Engine.md rename to published/20220514 Hidden Features! 25 Fun Things You Can Do With DuckDuckGo Search Engine.md index 64780494e4..af80f8bfac 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20220514 Hidden Features! 25 Fun Things You Can Do With DuckDuckGo Search Engine.md +++ b/published/20220514 Hidden Features! 25 Fun Things You Can Do With DuckDuckGo Search Engine.md @@ -2,70 +2,73 @@ [#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/duckduckgo-easter-eggs/" [#]: author: "sreenath https://itsfoss.com/author/sreenath/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: translator: "TravinDreek" +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14696-1.html" 隐藏功能！在 DuckDuckGo 搜索引擎中，你可以做这 25 件有趣的事情 ====== + +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202206/11/142806ebr5xtzgcwcr5955.jpg) + 比起无处不在的 Google，[有些搜索引擎替代品更加尊重隐私][1]，而 DuckDuckGo 就是其中之一。 最近，这个搜索引擎有了很大的改进，搜索一般网页十分顺畅。在搜索本地地点方面，则还远不及 Google。 -不过，DuckDuckGo（其爱称为 DDG）有一些很酷的功能，大部分用户还没注意到。如果你是一位 DDG 狂热粉，你可能会喜欢用这些小技巧来提升你的搜索体验。 +不过，DuckDuckGo（简称为 DDG）有一些很酷的功能，大部分用户还没注意到。如果你是一位 DDG 狂热粉，你可能会喜欢用这些小技巧来提升你的搜索体验。 -### 1. 跳转特定网页 +### 1、跳转到特定网页 -在你最喜欢的网站名称前输入 ! 即可直接进入这个网站。则类似于 Google 的 “运气不错” 功能，但用 DDG 的话来说，这就叫 “叹号搜索”。 +在你最喜欢的网站名称前输入 `!` 即可直接进入这个网站。则类似于 Google 的 “运气不错” 功能，但用 DDG 的话来说，这就叫 “叹号搜索”。 -网站有缩写，开始输入时便会提示。 +有一些网站有缩写形式，开始输入时便会提示。 ![duckduckgo bang feature][2] 在网站名后面输入搜索词，就可以直接抵达那个网站的搜索结果处。 -### 2. 文本转 ASCII +### 2、文本转 ASCII -Figlet 是一个[有趣的 Linux 命令][3]，可以将任意文本转换为漂亮的 ASCII 画格式。 +Figlet 是一个 [有趣的 Linux 命令][3]，可以将任意文本转换为漂亮的 ASCII 画格式。 -在任意搜索词前输入 **figlet**，就会显示 ASCII 输出。无需打开终端。 +在任意搜索词前输入 `figlet`，就会显示 ASCII 输出。无需打开终端。 ![Figlet in DDG][4] -### 3. 检查社交媒体的状态 +### 3、检查社交媒体的状态 -在某个人的 Twitter 名前加上 ‘@’，就会显示 TA 的状态（关注者等）。 +在某个人的 Twitter 名前加上 `@`，就会显示 TA 的状态（关注者等）。 ![Itsfoss Twitter][5] -### 4. 生成强密码 +### 4、生成强密码 -输入 ‘password’ 并加上需要的字符数，就可以生成一个独特的强密码。 +输入 `password` 并加上需要的字符数，就可以生成一个独特的强密码。 ![Generating password in DuckDuckGo][6] -### 5. 生成随机密码短语 +### 5、生成随机密码短语 -输入 ‘random passphrase’ 可生成一段密码短语，通常长度为 4 个词。 +输入 `random passphrase` 可生成一段密码短语，通常长度为 4 个词。 ![Random Passphrase][7] -### 6. 获取一份速查表 +### 6、获取一份速查表 -在需要看速查表的搜索词后面，可输入 cheatsheet。如果要搜索的东西有速查表，就会立即显示在搜索页面。 +在需要看速查表的搜索词后面，可输入 `cheatsheet`。如果要搜索的东西有速查表，就会立即显示在搜索页面。 ![Vim Cheatsheet][8] -### 7. 通过色码获取颜色 +### 7、通过色码获取颜色 -输入 ‘color’ 并加上你想查的颜色的十六进制码，便可显示这个颜色。 +输入 `color` 并加上你想查的颜色的十六进制码，便可显示这个颜色。 ![Color][9] -### 8. 生成随机数 +### 8、生成随机数 -搜索 ‘random number’ 会输出一个 0 到 1 之间的随机数。 +搜索 `random number` 会输出一个 0 到 1 之间的随机数。 ![Random Number][10] @@ -73,113 +76,113 @@ Figlet 是一个[有趣的 Linux 命令][3]，可以将任意文本转换为漂 ![Random Number between 1 and 1000][11] -### 9. 转换为二进制等形式 +### 9、转换为二进制等形式 -输入一个二进制数并加上 ‘binary’，可将其从二进制转换为十进制。 +输入一个二进制数并加上 `binary`，可将其从二进制转换为十进制。 ![Binary to Decimal][12] -类似地，它也能用于十六禁止和八进制，但我不清楚它们的处理逻辑。 +类似地，它也能用于十六进制和八进制，但我不清楚它们的处理逻辑。 -### 10. 寻找韵词 +### 10、寻找韵词 -输入 ‘what rhymes with ’ 并带上要找同韵词的词语。作诗能力变强了，对吧？ +输入 `what rhymes with` 并带上要找同韵词的词语。作诗能力变强了，对吧？ ![What rhymes with rain][13] -### 11. 获取拉马努金数、圆周率等常数 +### 11、获取拉马努金数、圆周率等常数 输入想获取数值的常数名，便可在搜索结果中看到它。 ![Ramanujan Number][14] -### 12. 查询现在谁在太空中 +### 12、查询现在谁在太空中 -输入 ‘people in space’ 获取当前在太空中的人员名单。同时还会显示他们在太空中居住的时间。 +输入 `people in space` 获取当前在太空中的人员名单。同时还会显示他们在太空中居住的时间。 ![People in Space][15] -### 13. 查询网页是否无法访问 +### 13、查询网页是否无法访问 -如果你想知道某个网站是你无法访问了，还是大家都无法访问了，只需在搜索词中输入 “is xyz.com down”。 +如果你想知道某个网站是你无法访问了，还是大家都无法访问了，只需在搜索词中输入 `is xyz.com down`。 ![Is down?][16] -### 14. 获取特定话题的名言 +### 14、获取特定话题的名言 -输入一个词并带上 quotes，就会显示与这个词相关的名言。 +输入一个词并带上 `quotes`，就会显示与这个词相关的名言。 ![Get quotes in DDG][17] -### 15. 获取占位文本 +### 15、获取占位文本 -搜索 ‘lorem ipsum’ 就可以获取 5 段占位文本。对 Web 开发者应该会有用。 +搜索 `lorem ipsum` 就可以获取 5 段占位文本。对 Web 开发者应该会有用。 ![Lorem ipsum][18] -### 16. 获取任意月份的日历 +### 16、获取任意月份的日历 -在年、月、日后面输入 calendar，就会为你显示该月份的交互式日历。 +在年、月、日后面输入 `calendar`，就会为你显示该月份的交互式日历。 ![Calendar][19] -### 17. 生成二维码 +### 17、生成二维码 -在文字、链接等后面输入 ‘qr’，就会生成对应的二维码。 +在文字、链接等后面输入 `qr`，就会生成对应的二维码。 ![QRCode][20] -### 18. 获取一些 CSS 动画 +### 18、获取一些 CSS 动画 -搜索 ‘css animations’ 以获取一些 CSS 动画例子。 +搜索 `css animations` 以获取一些 CSS 动画例子。 ![CSS Animations][21] -### 19. 展开短链接 +### 19、展开短链接 如果有一个 Bitly 链接或其他短链接，但不确定它指向哪里，不必再跳转到充满垃圾信息的网页了，只需展开短链接，看看真正的网址。 -在短链接后面输入关键词 expand，就会显示真正的目标 URL。 +在短链接后面输入关键词 `expand`，就会显示真正的目标 URL。 ![Expand Link][22] -### 20. 获取特殊字符的 HTML 代码 +### 20、获取特殊字符的 HTML 代码 -搜索 ‘html chars’，可以获取一份很长的列表，上面有 HTML 实体及其描述，按下后会在结果中显示更多信息。 +搜索 `html chars`，可以获取一份很长的列表，上面有 HTML 实体及其描述，按下后会在结果中显示更多信息。 ![HTML Chars][23] -### 21. 我用这东西干啥？ +### 21、我用这东西干啥？ -这功能没什么用。如果你输入 “why should I use this?” ，它就会在搜索结果顶部显示 “cause it's awesome”。显然，DuckDuckGo 在说他自己。 +这功能没什么用。如果你输入 `why should I use this?` ，它就会在搜索结果顶部显示 `cause it's awesome`。显然，DuckDuckGo 在说他自己。 ![Why should I use this?][24] -### 22. 转换大小写 +### 22、转换大小写 -大小写都可转换。lowercase <大写搜索词> 就会显示小写的结果 +大小写都可转换。`lowercase <大写搜索词>` 就会显示小写的结果 ![Lowercase][25] -uppercase <小写搜索词> 就会显示大写的结果。 +`uppercase <小写搜索词>` 就会显示大写的结果。 ![Uppercase][26] -### 23. 编码 URL +### 23、编码 URL -搜索 ‘encode’ 并加上 URL，就会给出编码后的结果 +搜索 `encode` 并加上 URL，就会给出编码后的结果 ![URL Encode][27] -### 24. Motherboard +### 24、Motherboard -搜索 ‘Motherboard’就会看见左侧的 DuckDuckGo 的 logo 变了。它会显示选好的几个随机 logo。 +搜索 `Motherboard` 就会看见左侧的 DuckDuckGo 的 logo 变了。它会显示选好的几个随机 logo。 ![Motherboard][28] -### 25. 获取 HTML 色码 +### 25、获取 HTML 色码 -搜索 ‘color codes’ 便可获得一份颜色表。一样，这个功能多为 Web 开发者和设计师所用。 +搜索 `color codes` 便可获得一份颜色表。一样，这个功能多为 Web 开发者和设计师所用。 ![Color Codes][29] @@ -196,7 +199,7 @@ via: https://itsfoss.com/duckduckgo-easter-eggs/ 作者：[sreenath][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[Peaksol](https://github.com/TravinDreek) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 7d97372e54dbbe7bd6873afd8f7df91850410f90 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Sat, 11 Jun 2022 16:42:45 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 44/75] RP @geekpi https://linux.cn/article-14697-1.html --- ...eate Local Yum-DNF Repository on RHEL 9.md | 37 ++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20220601 How to Create Local Yum-DNF Repository on RHEL 9.md (69%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20220601 How to Create Local Yum-DNF Repository on RHEL 9.md b/published/20220601 How to Create Local Yum-DNF Repository on RHEL 9.md similarity index 69% rename from translated/tech/20220601 How to Create Local Yum-DNF Repository on RHEL 9.md rename to published/20220601 How to Create Local Yum-DNF Repository on RHEL 9.md index 994b53dc05..328acf878a 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20220601 How to Create Local Yum-DNF Repository on RHEL 9.md +++ b/published/20220601 How to Create Local Yum-DNF Repository on RHEL 9.md @@ -3,19 +3,22 @@ [#]: author: "Pradeep Kumar https://www.linuxtechi.com/author/pradeep/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14697-1.html" 如何在 RHEL 9 上创建本地 Yum/DNF 仓库 ====== -你好，技术人员，最近红帽发布了最新的操作系统 RHEL 9，RHEL 9 满足了混合云的所有要求。它可以安装在物理服务器、虚拟机和容器镜像中。 -当我们没有订阅的时候，想安装软件包来做 POC，那么设置本地的 yum 或 dnf 仓库将是很方便的。 +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202206/11/164149y9zzm7kkxwsxgszw.jpg) -在本指南中，我们将介绍如何在 RHEL 9 上使用 DVD 或 ISO 文件一步一步地创建本地 yum/dnf 资源库。 +你好，技术兄弟，最近红帽发布了最新的操作系统 RHEL 9，RHEL 9 满足了混合云的所有要求。它可以安装在物理服务器、虚拟机和容器镜像中。 -创建本地 yum/dnf 资源库的先决条件: +当我们没有订阅的时候，想安装软件包来做实验，那么设置本地的 Yum 或 DNF 仓库将是很方便的。 + +在本指南中，我们将介绍如何在 RHEL 9 上使用 DVD 或 ISO 文件一步一步地创建本地 Yum/DNF 资源库。 + +创建本地 Yum/DNF 资源库的先决条件: * 最小化安装 RHEL 9 系统 * 具有管理权限的 sudo 用户 @@ -23,7 +26,7 @@ ### 1）挂载 RHEL 9 ISO 文件或 DVD -我们假设 RHEL 9 iso 文件已经被复制到系统中。运行下面的挂载命令，将 ISO 文件挂载到 /opt/repo 文件夹。 +我们假设 RHEL 9 iso 文件已经被复制到系统中。运行下面的挂载命令，将 ISO 文件挂载到 `/opt/repo` 文件夹。 ``` $ sudo mkdir /var/repo @@ -32,15 +35,15 @@ $ sudo mount -o loop rhel-baseos-9.0-x86_64-dvd.iso /var/repo/ ![Mount-RHEL9-ISO-File-Command][1] -如果是 dvd，运行： +如果是 DVD 光盘，运行： ``` $ sudo mount /dev/sr0 /var/repo/ ``` -### 2）在 “/etc/yum.repos.d/” 目录中创建仓库文件 +### 2）在 /etc/yum.repos.d/ 目录中创建仓库文件 -在 /etc/yum.repos.d/ 目录下创建一个名为 “rhel9-local.repo” 的仓库文件，内容如下： +在 `/etc/yum.repos.d/` 目录下创建一个名为 “rhel9-local.repo` 的仓库文件，内容如下： ``` $ sudo vi /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel9-local.repo @@ -65,9 +68,9 @@ gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release ![RHEL8-Local-Repo-File][2] -### 3）刷新 yum/dnf 和订阅管理器的缓存 +### 3）刷新 Yum/DNF 和订阅管理器的缓存 -执行以下命令来清理 yum 或 dnf 和订阅管理器的缓存。 +执行以下命令来清理 Yum 或 DNF 和订阅管理器的缓存。 ``` $ sudo dnf clean all @@ -76,7 +79,7 @@ $ sudo subscription-manager clean ![DNF-Subscription-Manager-Clean][3] -在上面的输出中，我们得到一个警告信息 “This system is not registered with an entitlement”（系统没有注册权限）。所以，为了抑制这个警告信息，编辑文件 “/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/subscription-manager.conf”，将参数 “enabled=1” 改为 “enabled=0”。 +在上面的输出中，我们得到一个警告信息 `This system is not registered with an entitlement`（系统没有注册权限）。所以，为了抑制这个警告信息，编辑文件 `/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/subscription-manager.conf`，将参数 `enabled=1` 改为 `enabled=0`。 ``` $ sudo vi /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/subscription-manager.conf @@ -98,7 +101,7 @@ $ sudo dnf repolist ![DNF-Repolist-RHEL-9][5] -现在，试试用 dnf 命令通过上面配置的本地仓库安装软件包。 +现在，试试用 `dnf` 命令通过上面配置的本地仓库安装软件包。 ``` $ sudo dnf install nfs-utils @@ -110,7 +113,7 @@ $ sudo dnf install nfs-utils ![Package-Installation-Completion-RHEL9-DNF-Command][7] -完美，上述输出证实了 nfs-utils 包及其依赖项已经通过本地配置的 yum 或 dnf 仓库成功安装。 +完美，上述输出证实了 `nfs-utils` 包及其依赖项已经通过本地配置的 Yum 或 DNF 仓库成功安装。 这就是本指南的全部内容。我希望你觉得它有参考价值。请在下面的评论区发表你的疑问和反馈。 @@ -121,7 +124,7 @@ via: https://www.linuxtechi.com/create-local-yum-dnf-repository-rhel/ 作者：[Pradeep Kumar][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From c4caf88706b3fbba21cfcb32698457ad70c3f832 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lightchaserhy <107302656+lightchaserhy@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sat, 11 Jun 2022 18:38:11 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 45/75] Translating --- sources/talk/20220523 7 pieces of Linux advice for beginners.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/20220523 7 pieces of Linux advice for beginners.md b/sources/talk/20220523 7 pieces of Linux advice for beginners.md index bc902926eb..73fe5790cc 100644 --- a/sources/talk/20220523 7 pieces of Linux advice for beginners.md +++ b/sources/talk/20220523 7 pieces of Linux advice for beginners.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/5/linux-advice-beginners" [#]: author: "Opensource.com https://opensource.com/users/admin" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "lightchaserhy" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From bb8dbc59a6edb1194598a86345d24c0c1715c55d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Sun, 12 Jun 2022 10:39:10 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 46/75] Delete 20220610 To Favor Microsoft VS Code, Microsoft-s GitHub is Killing GitHub-s Atom Editor.md --- ... GitHub is Killing GitHub-s Atom Editor.md | 80 ------------------- 1 file changed, 80 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/20220610 To Favor Microsoft VS Code, Microsoft-s GitHub is Killing GitHub-s Atom Editor.md diff --git a/sources/news/20220610 To Favor Microsoft VS Code, Microsoft-s GitHub is Killing GitHub-s Atom Editor.md b/sources/news/20220610 To Favor Microsoft VS Code, Microsoft-s GitHub is Killing GitHub-s Atom Editor.md deleted file mode 100644 index c10578130c..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20220610 To Favor Microsoft VS Code, Microsoft-s GitHub is Killing GitHub-s Atom Editor.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,80 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "To Favor Microsoft VS Code, Microsoft’s GitHub is Killing GitHub’s Atom Editor" -[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/atom-being-discontinued/" -[#]: author: "Abhishek https://news.itsfoss.com/author/root/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -To Favor Microsoft VS Code, Microsoft’s GitHub is Killing GitHub’s Atom Editor -====== -We all knew this day would be coming sooner or later. - -![Microsoft kills GitHub's Atom][1] - -Coder, coder in the hall, which is the best editor of them all! - -Sorry for the really cheesy opening line. I could not prevent myself from writing that. Just as we all could not prevent the certain demise of the most loved open source code editor of the last decade, Atom. - -### A brief history of Atom - -Atom, released in 2014 by the then independent Git Hub team, was a huge hit among the programmers. - -Its neat UI, features, and numerous add-ons made it the hot favorite of the developers. - -It continued its popular run despite getting tough competition from Microsoft’s recently open-sourced VS Code editor. - -Atom’s loyal fanbase didn’t budge despite the rising popularity of the VS Code until[Microsoft acquired GitHub in 2018][2]. - -People started wondering how long will Microsoft continue developing two similar projects that don’t make any money for it directly. - -In the last four years, it did seem that Atom was losing its charm. It didn’t have any significant feature development while VS Code got more attractive as features after features landed in every release. - -The writing was on the wall. Microsoft branded VS Code was being favored over Atom. - -Though I don’t have any stats to back my claim, it did seem that Atom’s userbase was declining in the last couple of years. VS Code is like the default editor for young developers. - -It was only time that Microsoft pulled the plug on Atom and it did that finally. - -### GitHub discontinues Atom - -On June 8, Microsoft-owned GitHub [announced][3] that it is going to archive the entire Atom project on December 15, 2022. - -> …we’ve decided to retire Atom in order to further our commitment to bringing fast and reliable software development to the cloud via Microsoft Visual Studio Code and GitHub Codespaces. - -The stated reason is the same we all know; “Atom has not had significant feature development for the past several years” and “focus on enhancing the developer experience in the cloud with GitHub Codespaces”. - -The Atom project was more than just an editor though. For good or bad, whatever you feel like, Atom also gave birth to Electron framework. - -> It’s worth reflecting that Atom has served as the foundation for the Electron framework, which paved the way for the creation of thousands of apps, including Microsoft Visual Studio Code, Slack, and our very own GitHub Desktop. However, reliability, security, and performance are core to GitHub, and in order to best serve the developer community, we are archiving Atom to prioritize technologies that enable the future of software development. - -### Atom dies a slow death and its fork will likely meet the same fate - -Atom is open source so it’s not going to ‘rest in peace’ immediately. It will be resurrected (read forked) for sure. - -However, even if someone forks the project and continues to keep it alive, it’s not going to match up to VS Code anymore. At best, it will get a few bug fixes and minor new features. That’s not entirely bad for the hard-core Atom lovers but it won’t attract newer, younger coders. - -Ultimately, the forked projects will also be shut down eventually. It’s not possible for a couple of volunteer developers to match the might of a billion-dollar organization with huge infrastructure. [Atom won’t get compared to VS Code][4] any longer. - -Atom will be missed. Maybe not by as many people as it would have been if it was to discontinue in 2018. The noose was tightened around its neck slowly and we all witnessed it. - -Anyway, are you still using Atom? Will you move to VS Code or choose some other non-Microsoft editor? - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://news.itsfoss.com/atom-being-discontinued/ - -作者：[Abhishek][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/root/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/microsoft-kills-github-atom.png -[2]: https://itsfoss.com/microsoft-github/ -[3]: https://github.blog/2022-06-08-sunsetting-atom/ -[4]: https://itsfoss.com/visual-studio-code-vs-atom/ From 72a090dafe34d3b62d0f2c09769cc4fc92650823 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Sun, 12 Jun 2022 10:42:20 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 47/75] =?UTF-8?q?[=E7=94=B3=E9=A2=86=E5=8E=9F=E6=96=87][ne?= =?UTF-8?q?ws]:=2020220607=20OpenInfra=20Foundation=20Launches=20-directed?= =?UTF-8?q?=20funding-=20To=20Support=20Open=20Source=20Projects.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...unches -directed funding- To Support Open Source Projects.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/20220607 OpenInfra Foundation Launches -directed funding- To Support Open Source Projects.md b/sources/news/20220607 OpenInfra Foundation Launches -directed funding- To Support Open Source Projects.md index 887fd972a7..8275cdbda4 100644 --- a/sources/news/20220607 OpenInfra Foundation Launches -directed funding- To Support Open Source Projects.md +++ b/sources/news/20220607 OpenInfra Foundation Launches -directed funding- To Support Open Source Projects.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/06/openinfra-foundation-launches-directed-funding-to-support-open-source-projects/" [#]: author: "Laveesh Kocher https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/laveesh-kocher/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "lkxed" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From b4c2df3e9a15e086885ea88f435e46b0dfd375f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Sun, 12 Jun 2022 11:05:24 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 48/75] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=8F=90=E4=BA=A4=E8=AF=91=E6=96=87][ne?= =?UTF-8?q?ws]:=2020220607=20OpenInfra=20Foundation=20Launches=20-directed?= =?UTF-8?q?=20funding-=20To=20Support=20Open=20Source=20Projects.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...unding- To Support Open Source Projects.md | 47 ------------------- ...unding- To Support Open Source Projects.md | 47 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 47 insertions(+), 47 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/20220607 OpenInfra Foundation Launches -directed funding- To Support Open Source Projects.md create mode 100644 translated/news/20220607 OpenInfra Foundation Launches -directed funding- To Support Open Source Projects.md diff --git a/sources/news/20220607 OpenInfra Foundation Launches -directed funding- To Support Open Source Projects.md b/sources/news/20220607 OpenInfra Foundation Launches -directed funding- To Support Open Source Projects.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8275cdbda4..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20220607 OpenInfra Foundation Launches -directed funding- To Support Open Source Projects.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,47 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "OpenInfra Foundation Launches ‘directed funding’ To Support Open Source Projects" -[#]: via: "https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/06/openinfra-foundation-launches-directed-funding-to-support-open-source-projects/" -[#]: author: "Laveesh Kocher https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/laveesh-kocher/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "lkxed" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -OpenInfra Foundation Launches ‘directed funding’ To Support Open Source Projects -====== -![open-infra-berlin-event][1] - -The OpenInfra Foundation, formerly known as the OpenStack Foundation until it expanded its scope beyond its flagship project a few years ago, announced today an intriguing new way for companies to fund open source projects within the foundation. Corporate members of open source foundations have traditionally supported the organisation by paying a membership fee, which the foundations then distribute as they see fit. The OpenInfra foundation is now launching a new ‘Directed Funding’ model that allows members to direct their funds directly to a project. - -The foundation previously did not allow this because, as Bryce pointed out, it can create mixed incentives and a pay-for-play dynamic, which the organisation has always tried to avoid. However, there was a lot of interest in the community to support specific projects, which makes sense given that the foundation is now home to a wider variety of projects, but not every member is heavily invested in every project. - -Bryce stated that the foundation’s leadership and board spent a significant amount of time considering how to reconcile the foundation’s core principles with this new model. As a result, the model tries to combine the best of the OpenStack/OpenInfra technical governance model, which has worked well over the last decade, with these new financial considerations. - -Under this ‘directed funding’ model, each new project will have its own legal entity that will hold the project funding. To ensure that the new projects are legitimate, an OpenInfra Platinum member (currently nine, including Ant Group, Huawei, Meta, Microsoft, and Red Hat) must serve as the project’s sponsor, after which other organisations can join the project fund. If a sponsoring company is not already an OpenInfra member, it must become one. All of these funding members then form a project fund governing board, which decides on the fees for creating a budget. Meanwhile, the OpenInfra Foundation will provide these projects with community-building services. - -This new model will, for the time being, only apply to new projects that join the foundation. Bryce and Collier noted that there may be some existing projects where the organisation could retroactively apply this new model, but that is not currently on the roadmap. - -The OpenInfra foundation has added projects such as Kata Containers for increased container security, Airship for infrastructure lifecycle management, the Startling X edge compute stack, and the Zuul CI/CD platform since it expanded beyond OpenStack. - -“The most important thing we’ve learned from each of these successful projects is that collaboration is key and the more breadth in the ecosystem of support the better,” said Thierry Carrez, general manager of the OpenInfra Foundation. “In fact, we’ve found that the most successful open source projects are funded by multiple companies, because they are able to combine their resources to achieve a much stronger rate of return.” - -This new model is clearly a way for the OpenInfra Foundation to bring new projects — and new members — into the fold. Its models for managing open source projects in a multi-party ecosystem — both through the new directed funds and its more traditional approach — may not be suitable for every project, as the leadership team readily admits. Even if the OpenInfra Foundation only receives a small percentage of projects, the number of open-source projects is increasing as the demand for these sophisticated cloud infrastructure projects grows, all while they become more complex. - -The Foundation also announced a couple of milestone releases for its various projects, including version 2.0 of Kata Containers, version 5.0 of Zuul, and the release of StarlingX 6.0. - -“The Foundation celebrates its 10 anniversary this year, and as we look to our next decade of open infrastructure, we’re building momentum on what makes our model so successful: aligning companies and individuals who wish to work together, providing them with a framework and tools to effectively collaborate, and helping them invest their funds to best help the project they care about,” said Collier. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/06/openinfra-foundation-launches-directed-funding-to-support-open-source-projects/ - -作者：[Laveesh Kocher][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/laveesh-kocher/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/open-infra-berlin-event.png diff --git a/translated/news/20220607 OpenInfra Foundation Launches -directed funding- To Support Open Source Projects.md b/translated/news/20220607 OpenInfra Foundation Launches -directed funding- To Support Open Source Projects.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..afb2eadb4f --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/20220607 OpenInfra Foundation Launches -directed funding- To Support Open Source Projects.md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +[#]: subject: "OpenInfra Foundation Launches ‘directed funding’ To Support Open Source Projects" +[#]: via: "https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/06/openinfra-foundation-launches-directed-funding-to-support-open-source-projects/" +[#]: author: "Laveesh Kocher https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/laveesh-kocher/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "lkxed" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +OpenInfra 基金会启动“定向资助”以支持开源项目 +====== +![OpenInfra][1] + +OpenInfra 基金会的前身为 OpenStack 基金会，几年前它将范围扩展到其旗舰项目之外，于是改了名字。今天（2022 年 6 月 7 日），它宣布了一种有趣的新方式，以供公司在基金会内资助开源项目。一般来说，开源基金会的企业成员通过支付会员费来支持该组织，然后基金会按照他们认为合适的方式分发这些费用。OpenInfra 基金会现在推出了一种新的“定向资助”模式，允许成员将他们的资金直接用于项目。 + +此前，基金会并不允许这样做，因为正如 Bryce 指出的那样，它可能会产生混合激励和付费游戏动态，而该组织一直试图避免这种情况。然而，社区对支持特定项目有很大的兴趣，这是有道理的，因为该基金会现在拥有更多种类的项目，但并不是每个成员都对每个项目进行了投入了大量精力。 + +Bryce 表示，基金会的领导层和董事会，花费了大量时间来考虑，如何使基金会的核心原则与这种新模式相协调。因此，该模型试图将过去十年运行良好的 OpenStack/OpenInfra 技术治理模型的优点，与这些新的财务考虑相结合。 + +在这种“定向资助”模式下，每个新项目都将拥有自己的法人实体来持有项目资金。为确保新项目的合法性，OpenInfra Platinum 会员（目前为 9 家，包括蚂蚁集团、华为、Meta、微软和红帽）必须担任项目的发起人，之后其他组织才能加入项目基金。如果赞助公司还不是 OpenInfra 成员，则必须成为其中的成员。然后，所有这些资助成员组成一个项目基金管理委员会，决定创建预算的费用。与此同时，OpenInfra 基金会将为这些项目提供社区建设服务。 + +这种新模式暂时只适用于加入基金会的新项目。 Bryce 和 Collier 指出，组织可能会在一些现有项目中追溯应用这种新模式，但这个考虑目前不在路线图上。 + +自从将范围扩展到 OpenStack 之后，OpenInfra 基金会增加了一些新项目，例如用于提高容器安全性的 Kata Containers、用于基础设施生命周期管理的 Airship、Startling X 边缘计算堆栈以及 Zuul CI/CD 平台。 + +“我们从每个成功的项目中学到的最重要的一点是，协作是关键，支持生态系统的范围越广越好，” OpenInfra 基金会总经理 Thierry Carrez 说， “事实上，我们发现最成功的开源项目是由多家公司资助的，因为他们能够整合资源以实现更高的回报率。” + +这种新模式显然是 OpenInfra 基金会引入新项目和新成员的一种方式。正如领导团队欣然承认的那样，其在多方生态系统中管理开源项目的模型 —— 无论是通过新的定向资金还是更传统的方法 —— 可能并不适合每个项目。即使 OpenInfra 基金会只收到一小部分项目，随着对这些复杂云基础设施项目需求的增长，开源项目的数量也在增加，同时它们也变得更加复杂。 + +基金会还宣布了其各个项目的几个里程碑版本，包括 Kata Containers 2.0 版、Zuul 5.0 版和 StarlingX 6.0 的发布。 + +Collier 说：“基金会今年庆祝成立 10 周年，在展望下一个十年的开放基础设施之际，我们正在推动我们的模型如此成功的关键，那就是：将希望合作的公司和个人联合起来，为他们提供一个框架和有效协作的工具，并帮助他们投资资金以最好地帮助他们关心的项目。” + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/06/openinfra-foundation-launches-directed-funding-to-support-open-source-projects/ + +作者：[Laveesh Kocher][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/laveesh-kocher/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/open-infra-berlin-event.png From aa08bec3bab9f9f45bc92b88f6850ffe448ca609 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=85=AD=E5=BC=80=E7=AE=B1?= Date: Sun, 12 Jun 2022 11:06:56 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 49/75] Update 20220607 OpenInfra Foundation Launches -directed funding- To Support Open Source Projects.md --- ...ches -directed funding- To Support Open Source Projects.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/news/20220607 OpenInfra Foundation Launches -directed funding- To Support Open Source Projects.md b/translated/news/20220607 OpenInfra Foundation Launches -directed funding- To Support Open Source Projects.md index afb2eadb4f..19d35cc4fb 100644 --- a/translated/news/20220607 OpenInfra Foundation Launches -directed funding- To Support Open Source Projects.md +++ b/translated/news/20220607 OpenInfra Foundation Launches -directed funding- To Support Open Source Projects.md @@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ Bryce 表示，基金会的领导层和董事会，花费了大量时间来考 在这种“定向资助”模式下，每个新项目都将拥有自己的法人实体来持有项目资金。为确保新项目的合法性，OpenInfra Platinum 会员（目前为 9 家，包括蚂蚁集团、华为、Meta、微软和红帽）必须担任项目的发起人，之后其他组织才能加入项目基金。如果赞助公司还不是 OpenInfra 成员，则必须成为其中的成员。然后，所有这些资助成员组成一个项目基金管理委员会，决定创建预算的费用。与此同时，OpenInfra 基金会将为这些项目提供社区建设服务。 -这种新模式暂时只适用于加入基金会的新项目。 Bryce 和 Collier 指出，组织可能会在一些现有项目中追溯应用这种新模式，但这个考虑目前不在路线图上。 +这种新模式暂时只适用于加入基金会的新项目。Bryce 和 Collier 指出，组织可能会在一些现有项目中追溯应用这种新模式，但这个考虑目前不在路线图上。 自从将范围扩展到 OpenStack 之后，OpenInfra 基金会增加了一些新项目，例如用于提高容器安全性的 Kata Containers、用于基础设施生命周期管理的 Airship、Startling X 边缘计算堆栈以及 Zuul CI/CD 平台。 -“我们从每个成功的项目中学到的最重要的一点是，协作是关键，支持生态系统的范围越广越好，” OpenInfra 基金会总经理 Thierry Carrez 说， “事实上，我们发现最成功的开源项目是由多家公司资助的，因为他们能够整合资源以实现更高的回报率。” +“我们从每个成功的项目中学到的最重要的一点是，协作是关键，支持生态系统的范围越广越好，” OpenInfra 基金会总经理 Thierry Carrez 说，“事实上，我们发现最成功的开源项目是由多家公司资助的，因为他们能够整合资源以实现更高的回报率。” 这种新模式显然是 OpenInfra 基金会引入新项目和新成员的一种方式。正如领导团队欣然承认的那样，其在多方生态系统中管理开源项目的模型 —— 无论是通过新的定向资金还是更传统的方法 —— 可能并不适合每个项目。即使 OpenInfra 基金会只收到一小部分项目，随着对这些复杂云基础设施项目需求的增长，开源项目的数量也在增加，同时它们也变得更加复杂。 From c41cd568259bcf8cd5df3e0d9c5aaec4ea192a04 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Sun, 12 Jun 2022 11:07:29 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 50/75] RP @robsean https://linux.cn/article-14699-1.html --- ...al Boot Ubuntu 22.04 LTS and Windows 11.md | 68 ++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 35 insertions(+), 33 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20220516 How to Dual Boot Ubuntu 22.04 LTS and Windows 11.md (66%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20220516 How to Dual Boot Ubuntu 22.04 LTS and Windows 11.md b/published/20220516 How to Dual Boot Ubuntu 22.04 LTS and Windows 11.md similarity index 66% rename from translated/tech/20220516 How to Dual Boot Ubuntu 22.04 LTS and Windows 11.md rename to published/20220516 How to Dual Boot Ubuntu 22.04 LTS and Windows 11.md index 0a27cd46b5..3908d3ef57 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20220516 How to Dual Boot Ubuntu 22.04 LTS and Windows 11.md +++ b/published/20220516 How to Dual Boot Ubuntu 22.04 LTS and Windows 11.md @@ -3,45 +3,47 @@ [#]: author: "James Kiarie https://www.linuxtechi.com/author/james/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: "robsean" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14699-1.html" 如何双启动 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 和 Windows 11 ====== -嗨，伙计们，在这篇指南中，我们将演示如何在 Windows 11 的旁侧配置 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish) 的双启动设置 -为使其能工作，你需要在你的计算机上安装 windows 11 。接下来，你将需要在你的硬盘驱动器上创建一个单独的分区，你将在此分区上安装 Ubuntu 22.04 。我们将包含这点知识，因此不要担心。 +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202206/12/110546fff10ck07e2p0z2f.jpg) -##### 必要条件  +嗨，伙计们，在这篇指南中，我们将演示如何在 Windows 11 的之外配置 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS（Jammy Jellyfish）的双启动设置。 -在设置双启动前，这些是你所需要的。 +为使其能工作，你需要在你的计算机上已经安装好了 Windows 11 。接下来，你将需要在你的硬盘驱动器上创建一个单独的分区，你将在此分区上安装 Ubuntu 22.04 。我们将包含这点知识，因此不要担心。 -* 一个 Ubuntu 22.04 的可启动 USB 驱动器，你可以转到 [Ubuntu 22.04 下载页面][1] 来下载 Ubuntu 22.04 的 ISO 镜像文件。在 ISO 镜像文件到位后，抓取一个 16GB USB 驱动器，并使用 Rufus 应用程序来使其可启动。 +**前置条件：** -* 快速稳定的因特网连接 +在设置双启动前，这些是你所需要的： + +* 一个 Ubuntu 22.04 的可启动 USB 驱动器，你可以转到 [Ubuntu 22.04 下载页面][1] 来下载 Ubuntu 22.04 的 ISO 镜像文件。在 ISO 镜像文件到位后，拿一个 16GB USB 驱动器，并使用 Rufus 应用程序来使其可启动。 +* 快速稳定的互联网连接 ### 步骤 1、在你的硬盘驱动器上创建一个可用的分区  正如介绍中所提到的，我们首先需要在硬盘驱动器上创建一个单独的分区，我们将在其中安装 Ubuntu 22.04 。 -因此，通过按下 **Windows + R** 组合键来打开磁盘管理器实用程序 +因此，通过按下 `Windows + R` 组合键来打开磁盘管理器实用程序。 -在对话框中，输入 diskmgmt.msc ，并按下 回车键ENTER 按键。 +在对话框中，输入 `diskmgmt.msc` ，并按下回车键。 ![][2] - 磁盘管理disk management控制台将显示当前磁盘分区，如你将在下面所看到的一样。我们将通过压缩 ‘卷 E’ 来创建一个用于安装 Ubuntu 的分区。这在你的安装过程中可能有所不同，但是只需要跟着做，你就会理解其中的大体意思。 +磁盘管理disk management控制台将显示当前磁盘分区，如你将在下面所看到的一样。我们将通过压缩 “卷 E” 来创建一个用于安装 Ubuntu 的分区。这在你的安装过程中可能有所不同，但是只需要跟着做，你就会理解其中的大体意思。 ![][3] -因此，在你想要压缩的磁盘驱动器卷上右键，并在弹出的菜单中选择 压缩卷Shrink 选项。 +因此，在你想要压缩的磁盘驱动器卷上点击鼠标右键，并在弹出的菜单中选择 压缩卷Shrink 选项。 ![][4] -一个弹出对话框将会出现，如下所示。具体指定压缩的控件大小（以 MB 为单位），并单 压缩卷Shrink 。 +将会出现一个弹出对话框，如下所示。具体指定压缩的控件大小（以 MB 为单位），并单击 压缩卷Shrink 。 -这是指定给 Ubuntu 22.04 安装所用的空间. +这是指定给 Ubuntu 22.04 安装所用的空间。 ![][5] @@ -49,11 +51,11 @@ ![][6] -随着可用空间的到来，现在将可启动 USB 媒介盘插入到你的 PC ，并重新启动你的系统。此外，要确保访问 BIOS 设置，并修改启动优先级，来使 USB 驱动器成为第一优先级。保存 BIOS 更改并继续启动。 +随着有了可用空间，现在将可启动 USB 驱动器插入到你的 PC ，并重新启动你的系统。此外，要确保访问 BIOS 设置，并修改启动优先级，来使 USB 驱动器成为第一优先级。保存 BIOS 更改并继续启动。 ### 步骤 2、开始安装 -在第一屏幕中，你将得到如图所示的 GRUB 菜单。选择第一个选项 尝试或安装 UbuntuTry or Install Ubuntu ，并按下 回车键ENTER 按键。 +在第一个屏幕中，你将得到如图所示的 GRUB 菜单。选择第一个选项 尝试或安装 UbuntuTry or Install Ubuntu ，并按下 回车键ENTER 按键。 ![][7] @@ -69,7 +71,7 @@ Ubuntu 22.04 将开始加载，如下所示。这最多需要一分钟。 ![][10] -在 更新和其它软件Updates and Other Software 步骤中，选择 正常安装Normal Installation以便安装 Ubuntu的 GUI 版本，通过勾选其它剩余选项来允许下载更新和安装第三方的针对于图像、WIFI 硬件和其它实用程序的软件包 +在 更新和其它软件Updates and Other Software 步骤中，选择 正常安装Normal Installation 以便安装 Ubuntu的 GUI 版本，通过勾选其它剩余选项来允许下载更新和安装第三方的针对于图像、WIFI 硬件和其它实用程序的软件包。 接下来，单击 继续Continue 按钮。 @@ -85,29 +87,29 @@ Ubuntu 22.04 将开始加载，如下所示。这最多需要一分钟。 针对 Ubuntu 22.04 ，我们将创建下面的分区： -* /boot        –        1 GB -* /home        –        10 GB -* /            –        12 GB -* Swap         –         2 GB -* EFI          –       300 MB +* `/boot`        –        1 GB +* `/home`        –        10 GB +* `/`            –        12 GB +* 交换分区        –         2 GB +* EFI           –       300 MB -为开始使用这些分区，单击 可用空间Free Space分区下面的 [ + ] 符号。 +为开始使用这些分区，单击 可用空间Free Space分区下面的 “+” 符号。 ![][13] -如图显示填写 /boot 分区的详细信息，然后单击 确定OK 按钮。 +如图显示填写 `/boot` 分区的详细信息，然后单击 确定OK 按钮。 ![][14] -接下来，具体指定 /home 分区，并单击 确定OK 按钮。 +接下来，具体指定 `/home` 分区，并单击 确定OK 按钮。 ![][15] -接下来，定义 / ( root ) 分区，并单击 确定OK 按钮。 +接下来，定义 `/`（根）分区，并单击 确定OK 按钮。 ![][16] -为定义 swap 空间，设置大小，并在 使用为Use as：选项中选择 交换区域Swap area。 +为定义交换空间，设置大小，并在 使用为Use as：选项中选择 交换区域Swap area。 ![][17] @@ -115,7 +117,7 @@ Ubuntu 22.04 将开始加载，如下所示。这最多需要一分钟。 ![][18] -下图是一份我们的分区表的分区摘要。 +下图是一份我们的分区表的分区摘要： ![][19] @@ -141,13 +143,13 @@ Ubuntu 22.04 将开始加载，如下所示。这最多需要一分钟。 ![][24] -在这时，移除你的可启动 USB 驱动器，并按下 回车键ENTER 按键。 +在这时，移除你的可启动 USB 驱动器，并按下回车键。 ![][25] -在系统重新启动时，你将找到 Ubuntu 和 Windows 11 的所有选项。 +在系统重新启动时，你将找到包括 Ubuntu 和 Windows 11 在内的各种选项。 -选择 ‘Ubuntu’ 来启动到你的新 Ubuntu 22.04 安装。为启动到 Windows 11，选择标有 Windows 恢复环境Windows Recovery Environment 的条目。 +选择 “Ubuntu” 来启动到你的新 Ubuntu 22.04 安装。要启动到 Windows 11，请选择标有 Windows 恢复环境Windows Recovery Environment 的条目。 ![][26] @@ -160,7 +162,7 @@ via: https://www.linuxtechi.com/dual-boot-ubuntu-22-04-and-windows-11/ 作者：[James Kiarie][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 2db2ad64f7329cbd45361a7be510dab084ddaa8f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Sun, 12 Jun 2022 11:07:44 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 51/75] =?UTF-8?q?[=E7=94=B3=E9=A2=86=E5=8E=9F=E6=96=87][ne?= =?UTF-8?q?ws]:=2020220609=20Cloudflare=20Has=20Something=20New=20to=20Rep?= =?UTF-8?q?lace=20Annoying=20CAPTCHAs=20on=20the=20Internet.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...omething New to Replace Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/20220609 Cloudflare Has Something New to Replace Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet.md b/sources/news/20220609 Cloudflare Has Something New to Replace Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet.md index 80fe54aece..6016018ea8 100644 --- a/sources/news/20220609 Cloudflare Has Something New to Replace Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet.md +++ b/sources/news/20220609 Cloudflare Has Something New to Replace Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/cloudflare-pat/" [#]: author: "Jacob Crume https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "lkxed" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From 6e9bf784792a54cb214e1bf9cdec52a11f272c53 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Sun, 12 Jun 2022 11:11:03 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 52/75] R --- ...20220516 How to Dual Boot Ubuntu 22.04 LTS and Windows 11.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/published/20220516 How to Dual Boot Ubuntu 22.04 LTS and Windows 11.md b/published/20220516 How to Dual Boot Ubuntu 22.04 LTS and Windows 11.md index 3908d3ef57..4004bcb938 100644 --- a/published/20220516 How to Dual Boot Ubuntu 22.04 LTS and Windows 11.md +++ b/published/20220516 How to Dual Boot Ubuntu 22.04 LTS and Windows 11.md @@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ Ubuntu 22.04 将开始加载，如下所示。这最多需要一分钟。 ![][26] -就这样。我们演示了如何双启动 Windows 11 和 Ubuntu 22.04. +就这样。我们演示了如何双启动 Windows 11 和 Ubuntu 22.04。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- From 4f45bc2638fc688a6968d67092c3fe82eec22f68 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Sun, 12 Jun 2022 11:54:59 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 53/75] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=8F=90=E4=BA=A4=E8=AF=91=E6=96=87][ne?= =?UTF-8?q?ws]:=2020220609=20Cloudflare=20Has=20Something=20New=20to=20Rep?= =?UTF-8?q?lace=20Annoying=20CAPTCHAs=20on=20the=20Internet.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...place Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet.md | 86 ------------------- ...place Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet.md | 86 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 86 insertions(+), 86 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/20220609 Cloudflare Has Something New to Replace Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet.md create mode 100644 translated/news/20220609 Cloudflare Has Something New to Replace Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet.md diff --git a/sources/news/20220609 Cloudflare Has Something New to Replace Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet.md b/sources/news/20220609 Cloudflare Has Something New to Replace Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6016018ea8..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20220609 Cloudflare Has Something New to Replace Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,86 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Cloudflare Has Something New to Replace Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet" -[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/cloudflare-pat/" -[#]: author: "Jacob Crume https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "lkxed" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Cloudflare Has Something New to Replace Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet -====== -Don’t want to complete CAPTCHA challenges to prove that you are a human? Cloudflare might have a solution for that. - -![cloudflare][1] - -Cloudflare, the internet services giant, has [just announced][2] Private Access Tokens. These aim to reduce the number of CAPTCHAs you see on the web while improving your privacy. - -As you may have found out, CAPTCHAs are a horrible experience on mobile. They often end up occupying the entire screen and can be impossible to complete at times. - -As an alternative, websites can elect to collect uniquely identifying data to prove that you are a human. Of course, from a privacy standpoint, this practice is terrible, leaving many privacy-valuing companies with little to prevent them from bot attacks. - -Fortunately, the release of Private Access Tokens, or PATs, is set to change this. - -### What Impact Will Private Access Tokens Have? - -In short, PATs will: - -* Reduce the number of CAPTCHAs on supported devices -* Increase user privacy -* Allow website owners to ensure that visitors are coming from actual devices - -However, diving in a little deeper, we can see that PATs are much more impactful than at first glance. With traditional CAPTCHAs, there are multiple entities that can access your data. - -Firstly, the website you are visiting knows your IP address and the URL you are visiting. Of course, this data is the minimum required to establish a connection. Additionally, for more advanced functionality, websites are also sent some user agent data, which is not uniquely identifiable. - -However, the second party, the CAPTCHA provider, can collect a lot more data. Like with the website you want to visit, it knows your IP address, user agent data, and the URL you visit. Unfortunately, they also collect additional data, like your device information and interaction data. When tied back with previous times you have completed a CAPTCHA, they can build up an astonishingly detailed profile of you. - -Fortunately, PATs by Cloudflare prevent such data from being collected, by ultimately bypassing the CAPTCHA altogether. - -### How Do PATs Work? - -![][3] - -Unlike the CAPTCHA method of aggregating as much data as possible, PATs decentralize the data so that no single party can uniquely identify you. Before you mention data sharing, Cloudflare has specifically mentioned that data is not shared between parties. - -When you go on to a website utilizing Cloudflare and PATs, a total of three parties will handle different portions of your data. - -1. The website. This will only know your IP, URL, and user agent, which again, is required for establishing a connection. -2. Your device manufacturer. This will only know the device data required to verify that your device is genuine. They will NOT know what website you are visiting, or your IP address. After verifying your device, they will generate a token, which will be sent to Cloudflare. -3. Cloudflare. Cloudflare will receive the token, which does not contain any of your device data, only a ‘guarantee’ of sorts from the manufacturer that it is genuine. The only other data they know is the website you are visiting, which is required to serve you the content. - -The result of this is a system that gives Cloudflare confidence in you being a human, without ever having to touch your data. - -### Supported Operating Systems: No Linux? - -As you may have realized, PATs need specific operating system features to work. Currently, they are only present on the latest operating systems by Apple, namely iOS and iPadOS 16, as well as macOS Ventura. This is because Apple’s operating systems run on a limited set of hardware, making device verification significantly easier. - -Linux, on the other hand, is a general-purpose operating system designed to run on a wide range of hardware. As a result, I don’t expect to see it support PATs in the near future. - -Going back to Apple, it occurs to me that PATs could also cause some issues with consumers’ right to repair their devices. If, for example, I replaced a worn-out iPhone battery with a non-genuine one, would this be flagged by the PAT system? - -What about Linux Phones? Manufacturers of these, like Pine64 and Purism, may not have the infrastructure to support such a system. Will it be possible to use PATs on these? - -In the [announcement post][4], Cloudflare mentions: - -> We are actively working to get other clients and device makers utilizing the PAT framework as well. Any time a new client begins utilizing the PAT framework, traffic coming to your site from that client will automatically start asking for tokens, and your visitors will automatically see fewer CAPTCHAs. - -So, we hope to see it being adopted by more devices, and operating systems. What do you think about PATs by Cloudflare? Let me know your thoughts in the comments down below. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://news.itsfoss.com/cloudflare-pat/ - -作者：[Jacob Crume][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/cloudflare-private-access-tokens.jpg -[2]: https://blog.cloudflare.com/eliminating-captchas-on-iphones-and-macs-using-new-standard/ -[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/PAT-Data-transfer-chart-1024x650.png -[4]: https://blog.cloudflare.com/eliminating-captchas-on-iphones-and-macs-using-new-standard/ diff --git a/translated/news/20220609 Cloudflare Has Something New to Replace Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet.md b/translated/news/20220609 Cloudflare Has Something New to Replace Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cd45d29858 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/20220609 Cloudflare Has Something New to Replace Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet.md @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +[#]: subject: "Cloudflare Has Something New to Replace Annoying CAPTCHAs on the Internet" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/cloudflare-pat/" +[#]: author: "Jacob Crume https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "lkxed" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Cloudflare 有了一个新东西，它可以替代互联网上烦人的验证码 +====== +不想通过正确输入 验证码CAPTCHA 来证明自己是个人类吗？Cloudflare 可能有了一个解决方案。 + +![Cloudflare][1] + +互联网服务巨头 Cloudflare（在 6 月 9 日）[刚刚宣布了][2] 私有访问令牌Private Access Tokens 功能。这项功能旨在减少你在网络上看到的验证码数量，同时改善你的隐私。 + +你可能已经发现，验证码在移动设备上是一种可怕的体验。通常，它们会最终会占据整个屏幕，有时甚至也无法完成。 + +作为替代方案，网站可以选择收集唯一识别数据，以证明你是人类。当然，从隐私的角度来看，这种做法是很糟糕的。如果这么做，许多重视隐私的公司都几乎无法避免 僵尸攻击bot attacks。 + +幸运的是，私有访问令牌（PATs）的发布将改变这一点。 + +### 私有访问令牌会产生什么影响？ + +简而言之，私有访问令牌能够做到下面这些事： + +* 在支持设备上减少验证码数量 +* 增强用户隐私 +* 允许网站所有者确保访问者来自真实设备 + +然而，深入观察，我们可以看到私有访问令牌的影响力远不止于此。若使用传统的验证码，就有多个实体可以访问你的数据。 + +首先，你正在访问的网站知道你的 IP 地址和你正在访问的 URL。当然，这些数据是建立连接所需的最低要求。此外，对于更高级的功能，网站还会发送一些用户代理数据，还好这些数据并不是唯一可识别的。 + +然而，另一方，也就是验证码提供者，却可以收集更多的数据。与你要访问的网站一样，它也知道你的 IP 地址、用户代理数据和你访问的 URL。不幸的是，除此之外，他们还会收集其他数据，例如你的设备信息和交互数据。如果把这些信息，与你之前完成验证码的时间联系起来，你就会惊讶的发现，他们可以建立一个非常详细的属于你的个人资料。 + +幸运的是，有了 Cloudflare 的私有访问令牌，你就可以完全绕过验证码，从而阻止验证码提供者收集此类数据。 + +### 私有访问令牌是如何工作的？ + +![][3] + +验证码的理念是集中尽可能多的数据，私人访问令牌则恰恰相反，它将数据去中心化，因此任何一方都无法唯一识别你。在你提到数据共享之前，Cloudflare 就已经特别指出了，数据不会在各方之间共享。 + +当你访问使用 Cloudflare 和私人访问令牌的网站的时候，共有三方将处理你的数据的不同部分。 + +1. 网站。它只会知道你的 IP、URL 和用户代理，这也是建立连接所必需的。 +2. 你的设备制造商。他们只会知道那些用于验证设备是否真实所需的设备数据，而不会知道你正在访问哪个网站，或你的 IP 地址是什么。验证了你的设备后，他们将生成一个令牌，该令牌将发送到 Cloudflare。 +3. Cloudflare。他们将收到这个令牌，令牌中不包含你的任何设备数据，只有制造商对它是正品的“保证”。他们知道的唯一其他数据，就是你正在访问的网站，同样，这是为你提供内容所必需的。 + +通过这种方式，Cloudflare 无需接触你的数据，就可以对“你是一个人”充满信心。 + +### 支持的操作系统：没有 Linux？ + +你可能已经意识到，私人访问令牌需要特定的操作系统功能才能工作。目前，它们仅存在于苹果最新的操作系统上，即 iOS 和 iPadOS 16，以及 macOS Ventura。这是因为苹果的操作系统只在有限的硬件上运行，设备验证会更加容易。 + +另一方面，Linux 是一种通用操作系统，旨在在各种硬件上运行。因此，我认为，在可预见的未来，它都不会支持私人访问令牌。 + +回到苹果，我想到私人访问令牌也可能导致消费者维修设备的权利出现一些问题。例如，如果我用第三方的非正品电池更换了老旧的 iPhone 原装电池，私人访问令牌系统会特殊对待这种情况吗？ + +如果是 Linux 手机呢？这些制造商，如 Pine64 和 Purism，可能没有支持这样一个系统的基础设施。是否可以在这些上使用私人访问令牌呢？ + +Cloudflare 在 [公告帖][4] 中提到： + +> 我们正在积极努力让其他客户和设备制造商也使用私人访问令牌框架。每当新客户开始使用它时，从该客户进入你网站的流量将自动开始要求令牌，你的访问者将自动看到更少的验证码。 + +因此，我们希望看到它被更多的设备和操作系统采用。你如何看待 Cloudflare 的私人访问令牌呢？在下面的评论中发表你的看法吧！ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/cloudflare-pat/ + +作者：[Jacob Crume][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/cloudflare-private-access-tokens.jpg +[2]: https://blog.cloudflare.com/eliminating-captchas-on-iphones-and-macs-using-new-standard/ +[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/PAT-Data-transfer-chart-1024x650.png +[4]: https://blog.cloudflare.com/eliminating-captchas-on-iphones-and-macs-using-new-standard/ From 2b85954120dab9ce1e957d666f6c66106e3e35c1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Sun, 12 Jun 2022 14:27:21 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 54/75] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=8F=90=E4=BA=A4=E8=AF=91=E6=96=87][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020220607=20How=20Garbage=20Collection=20works=20inside?= =?UTF-8?q?=20a=20Java=20Virtual=20Machine.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ion works inside a Java Virtual Machine.md | 155 ----------------- ...ion works inside a Java Virtual Machine.md | 157 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 157 insertions(+), 155 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20220607 How Garbage Collection works inside a Java Virtual Machine.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20220607 How Garbage Collection works inside a Java Virtual Machine.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220607 How Garbage Collection works inside a Java Virtual Machine.md b/sources/tech/20220607 How Garbage Collection works inside a Java Virtual Machine.md deleted file mode 100644 index c99ed4df0e..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220607 How Garbage Collection works inside a Java Virtual Machine.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,155 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "How Garbage Collection works inside a Java Virtual Machine" -[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/6/garbage-collection-java-virtual-machine" -[#]: author: "Jayashree Huttanagoudar https://opensource.com/users/jayashree-huttanagoudar" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "lkxed" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -How Garbage Collection works inside a Java Virtual Machine -====== -Understanding how Java handles memory isn't always necessary, but it can help you envision how the JVM deals with your variables and class instances. - -![Coffee beans][1] - -Image by: Pixabay. CC0. - -Automatic Garbage Collection (GC) is one of the most important features that makes Java so popular. This article explains why GC is essential. It includes automatic and generational GC, how the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) divides heap memory, and finally, how GC works inside the JVM. - -### Java memory allocation - -Java memory is divided into four sections: - -1. Heap: The memory for object instances is allocated in the heap. When the object declaration is made, there won't be any memory allocated in the heap. Instead, a reference is created for that object in the stack. -2. Stack: This section allocates the memory for methods, local variables, and class instance variables. -3. Code: Bytecode resides in this section. -4. Static: Static data and methods are placed in this section. - -### What is automatic Garbage Collection (GC)? - -Automatic GC is a process in which the referenced and unreferenced objects in heap memory are identified, and then unreferenced objects are considered for deletion. The term *referenced objects* means some part of your program is using those objects. *Unreferenced objects* are not currently being used by the program. - -Programming languages like C and C++ require manual allocation and deallocation of memory. This is automatically handled by GC in Java, although you can trigger GC manually with the `system.gc();` call in your code. - -The fundamental steps of GC are: - -#### 1. Mark used and unused objects - -In this step, the used and unused objects are marked separately. This is a time-consuming process, as all objects in memory must be scanned to determine whether they're in use or not. - -![Marking used and unused objects][2] - -#### 2. Sweep/Delete objects - -There are two variations of sweep and delete. - -**Simple deletion**: Only unreferenced objects are removed. However, the memory allocation for new objects becomes difficult as the free space is scattered across available memory. - -![Normal deleting process][3] - -**Deletion with compaction**: Apart from deleting unreferenced objects, referenced objects are compacted. Memory allocation for new objects is relatively easy, and memory allocation performance is improved. - -![Deletion with compacting][4] - -### What is generational Garbage Collection (GC), and why is it needed? - -As seen in the sweep and delete model, scanning all objects for memory reclamation from unused objects becomes difficult once the objects keep growing. An experimental study shows that most objects created during the program execution are short-lived. - -The existence of short-lived objects can be used to improve the performance of GC. For that, the JVM divides the memory into different generations. Next, it categorizes the objects based on these memory generations and performs the GC accordingly. This approach is known as *generational GC*. - -### Heap memory generations and the generational Garbage Collection (GC) process - -To improve the performance of the GC mark and sweep steps, the JVM divides the heap memory into three generations: - -* Young Generation -* Old Generation -* Permanent Generation - -![Hotspot heap structure][5] - -Here is a description of each generation and its key features. - -#### Young Generation - -All created objects are present here. The young generation is further divided into: - -1. Eden: All newly created objects are allocated with the memory here. -2. Survivor space (S0 and S1): After surviving one GC, the live objects are moved to one of these survivor spaces. - -![Object allocation][6] - -The generational GC that happens in the Young Generation is known as *Minor GC*. All Minor GC cycles are "Stop the World" events that cause the other applications to pause until it completes the GC cycle. This is why Minor GC cycles are faster. - -To summarize: Eden space has all newly created objects. Once Eden is full, the first Minor GC cycle is triggered. - -![Filling Eden space][7] - -Minor GC: The live and dead objects are marked during this cycle. The live objects are moved to survivor space S0. Once all live objects are moved to S0, the unreferenced objects are deleted. - -![Copying referenced objects][8] - -The age of objects in S0 is 1 because they have survived one Minor GC. Now Eden and S1 are empty. - -Once cleared, the Eden space is again filled with new live objects. As time elapses, some objects in Eden and S0 become dead (unreferenced), and Eden's space is full again, triggering the Minor GC. - -![Object aging][9] - -This time the dead and live objects in Eden and S0 are marked. The live objects from Eden are moved to S1 with an age increment of 1. The live objects from S0 are also moved to S1 with an age increment of 2 (because they've now survived two Minor GCs). At this point, S0 and Eden are empty. After every Minor GC, Eden and one of the survivor spaces are empty. - -The same cycle of creating new objects in Eden continues. When the next Minor GC occurs, Eden and S1 are cleared by moving the aged objects to S0. The survivor spaces switch after every Minor GC. - -![Additional aging][10] - -This process continues until the age of one of the surviving objects reaches a certain threshold, at which point it is moved to the so-called the Old Generation with a process called *promotion*. - -Further, the `-Xmn` flag sets the Young Generation size. - -### Old Generation (Tenured Generation) - -This generation contains the objects that have survived several Minor GCs and aged to reach an expected threshold. - -![Promotion][11] - -In the example diagram above, the threshold is 8. The GC in the Old Generation is known as a *Major GC*. Use the flags `-Xms` and `-Xmx` to set the initial and maximum size of the heap memory. - -### Permanent Generation - -The Permanent Generation space stores metadata related to library classes and methods of an application, J2SE, and what's in use by the JVM itself. The JVM populates this data at runtime based on which classes and methods are in use. Once the JVM finds the unused classes, they are unloaded or collected, making space for used classes. - -Use the flags `-XX:PermGen` and `-XX:MaxPermGen` to set the initial and maximum size of the Permanent Generation. - -#### Metaspace - -Metaspace was introduced in Java 8u and replaced PermGen. The advantage of this is automatic resizing, which avoids OutOfMemory errors. - -### Wrap up - -This article discusses the various memory generations of JVM and how they are helpful for automatic generational Garbage Collection (GC). Understanding how Java handles memory isn't always necessary, but it can help you envision how the JVM deals with your variables and class instances. This understanding allows you to plan and troubleshoot your code and comprehend potential limitations inherent in a specific platform. - -Image by: (Jayashree Huttanagoudar, CC BY-SA 4.0) - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://opensource.com/article/22/6/garbage-collection-java-virtual-machine - -作者：[Jayashree Huttanagoudar][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://opensource.com/users/jayashree-huttanagoudar -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/java-coffee-beans.jpg -[2]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-06/1Marking.png -[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-06/2NormalDeletion.png -[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-06/3DeletionwithCompacting.png -[5]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-06/4Hotspot.png -[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-06/5ObjAllocation.png -[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-06/6FillingEden.png -[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-06/7CopyingRefdObjs.png -[9]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-06/8ObjAging.png -[10]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-06/9AddlAging.png -[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-06/10Promotion.png diff --git a/translated/tech/20220607 How Garbage Collection works inside a Java Virtual Machine.md b/translated/tech/20220607 How Garbage Collection works inside a Java Virtual Machine.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..97ab13a20c --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220607 How Garbage Collection works inside a Java Virtual Machine.md @@ -0,0 +1,157 @@ +[#]: subject: "How Garbage Collection works inside a Java Virtual Machine" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/6/garbage-collection-java-virtual-machine" +[#]: author: "Jayashree Huttanagoudar https://opensource.com/users/jayashree-huttanagoudar" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "lkxed" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +JVM 垃圾回收的工作原理 +====== +对于程序员来说，掌握 Java 的内存管理机制并不是必须的，但它能够帮助你更好地理解 JVM 是如何处理程序中的变量和类实例的。 + +![咖啡豆][1] + +图源：Pixabay. CC0. + +Java 之所以能够如此流行，自动 垃圾回收Garbage Collection（GC）功不可没，它也是 Java 最重要的几个特性之一。在这篇文章中，我将说明为什么垃圾回收如此重要。本文的主要内容为：自动的分代垃圾回收、JVM 划分内存的依据，以及 JVM 垃圾回收的工作原理。 + +### Java 内存分配 + +Java 程序的内存空间被划分为以下四个区域： + +1. 堆区（Heap）：对象实例就是在这个区域分配的。不过，当我们声明一个对象时，堆中不会有任何内存分配发生，只是在栈中创建了一个对象的引用而已。 +2. 栈区（Stack）：方法、局部变量和类的实例变量就是在这个区域分配的。 +3. 代码区（Code）：这个区域存放了程序的字节码。 +4. 静态区（Static）：这个区域存放了程序的静态数据和静态方法。 + +### 什么是自动垃圾回收？ + +自动垃圾回收是这样一个过程：首先，堆中的所有对象会被分类为“被引用的”和“未被引用的”；接着，“未被引用的对象”就会被做上标记，以待之后删除。其中，“被引用的对象”是指程序中的某一部分仍在使用的对象，“未被引用的对象”是指目前没有正在被使用的对象。 + +许多编程语言，例如 C 和 C++，都需要程序员手动管理内存的分配和释放。在 Java 中，这一过程是通过垃圾回收机制来自动完成的（尽管你也可以在代码中调用 `system.gc();` 来手动触发垃圾回收）。 + +垃圾回收的基本步骤如下： + +#### 1. 标记已使用和未使用的对象 + +在这一步骤中，已使用和未使用的对象会被分别做上标记。这是一个及其耗时的过程，因为需要扫描内存中的所有对象，才能够确定它们是否正在被使用。 + +![标记已使用和未使用的对象][2] + +#### 2. 扫描/删除对象 + +有两种不同的扫描和删除算法： + +**简单删除（标记清除）**：它的过程很简单，我们只需要删除未被引用的对象即可。但是，后续给新对象分配内存就会变得很困难了，因为可用空间被分割成了一块块碎片。 + +![标记清除的过程][3] + +**删除压缩（标记整理）**：除了会删除未被引用的对象，我们还会压缩被引用的对象（未被删除的对象）。这样以来，新对象的内存分配就相对容易了，并且内存分配的效率也有了提升。 + +![标记整理的过程][4] + +### 什么是分代垃圾收集，为什么需要它？ + +正如我们在“扫描删除”模型中所看到的，一旦对象不断增长，我们就很难扫描所有未使用的对象以回收内存。不过，有一项实验性研究指出，在程序执行期间创建的大多数对象，它们的存活时间都很短。 + +既然大多数对象的存活时间都很短，那么我们就可以利用这个事实，从而提升垃圾回收的效率。该怎么做呢？首先，JVM 将内存划分为不同的“代”。接着，它将所有的对象都分类到这些内存“代”中，然后对这些“代”分别执行垃圾回收。这就是“分代垃圾回收”。 + +### 堆内存的“代”和分代垃圾回收过程 + +为了提升垃圾回收中的“标记清除”的效率，JVM 将对内存划分成以下三个“代”： + +* 年轻代 +* 老年代 +* 永久代 + +![Hotspot 堆内存结构][5] + +下面我将介绍每个“代”及其主要特征。 + +#### 年轻代 + +所有创建不久的对象都存放在这里。年轻代被进一步分为以下两个区域： + +1. 伊甸区（Eden）：所有新创建的对象都在此处分配内存。 +2. 幸存者区（Survivor，分为 S0 和 S1）：经历过一次垃圾回收后，仍然存活的对象会被移动到两个幸存者区中的一个。 + +![对象分配][6] + +在年轻代发生的分代垃圾收集被称为 “Minor GC”。Minor GC 过程中的每个阶段都是“停止世界Stop The World”（STW）的，这会导致其他应用程序暂停运行，直到垃圾回收结束。这也是 Minor GC 更快的原因。 + +一句话总结：伊甸区存放了所有新创建的对象，当它的可用空间被耗尽，第一次垃圾回收就会被触发。 + +![填充伊甸区][7] + +Minor GC：在该垃圾回收过程中，所有存活和死亡的对象都会被做上标记。其中，存活对象会被移动到 S0 幸存者区。当所有存活对象都被移动到了 S0，未被引用的对象就会被删除。 + +![拷贝被引用的对象][8] + +S0 中的对象年龄为 1，因为它们挺过了一次 Minor GC。此时，伊甸区和 S1 都是空的。 + +每当完成清理后，伊甸区就会再次接受新的存活对象。随着时间的推移，伊甸区和 S0 中的某些对象被宣判死亡（不再被引用），并且伊甸区的可用空间也再次耗尽（填满了），那么 Minor GC 又将再次被触发。 + +![对象年龄增长][9] + +这一次，伊甸区和 S0 中的死亡和存活的对象会被做上标记。其中，伊甸区的存活对象会被移动到 S1，并且年龄增加至 1。S0 中的存活对象也会被移动到 S1，并且年龄增加至 2（因为它们挺过了两次 Minor GC）。此时，伊甸区和 S0 又是空的了。每次 Minor GC 之后，伊甸区和两个幸存者区中的一个都会是空的。 + +新对象总是在伊甸区被创建，周而复始。当下一次垃圾回收发生时，伊甸区和 S1 都会被清理，它们中的存活对象会被移动到 S0 区。每次 Minor GC 之后，这两个幸存者区（S0 和 S1）就会交换一次。 + +![额外年龄增长][10] + +这个过程会一直进行下去，直到某个存活对象的年龄达到了某个阈值，然后它就会被移动到一个叫做“老年代”的地方，这是通过一个叫做“晋升”的过程来完成的。 + +使用 `-Xmn` 选项可以设置年轻代的大小。 + +### 老年代 + +这个区域存放着那些挺过了许多次 Minor GC，并且达到了某个年龄阈值的对象。 + +![晋升][11] + +在上面这个示例图表中，晋升的年龄阈值为 8。在老年代发生的垃圾回收被称为 “Major GC”。 + +使用 `-Xms` 和 `-Xmx` 选项可以分别设置堆内存大小的初始值和最大值。（LCTT 译注：结合上面的 `-Xmn` 选项，就可以间接设置老年代的大小了。） + +### 永久代 + +永久代存放着一些元数据，它们与应用程序、Java 标准环境以及 JVM 自用的库类及其方法相关。JVM 会在运行时，用到了什么类和方法，就会填充相应的数据。当 JVM 发现有未使用的类，就会卸载或是回收它们，从而为正在使用的类腾出空间。 + +使用 `-XX:PermGen` 和 `-XX:MaxPerGen` 选项可以分别设置永久代大小的初始值和最大值。 + +#### 元空间 + +Java 8 引入了元空间，并用它替换了永久代。这么做的好处是自动调整大小，避免了 内存不足OutOfMemory（OOM）错误。 + +### 总结 + +本文讨论了各种不同的 JVM 内存“代”，以及它们是如何在分代垃圾回收算法中起作用的。对于程序员来说，掌握 Java 的内存管理机制并不是必须的，但它能够帮助你更好地理解 JVM 处理程序中的变量和类实例的方式。这种理解使你能够规划和排除代码故障，并理解特定平台固有的潜在限制。 + +正文配图来自：Jayashree Huttanagoudar，CC BY-SA 4.0 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/6/garbage-collection-java-virtual-machine + +作者：[Jayashree Huttanagoudar][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/jayashree-huttanagoudar +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/java-coffee-beans.jpg +[2]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-06/1Marking.png +[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-06/2NormalDeletion.png +[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-06/3DeletionwithCompacting.png +[5]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-06/4Hotspot.png +[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-06/5ObjAllocation.png +[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-06/6FillingEden.png +[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-06/7CopyingRefdObjs.png +[9]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-06/8ObjAging.png +[10]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-06/9AddlAging.png +[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-06/10Promotion.png From 965a0978e10460c98ec1c093c737cd52cafa7e88 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Sun, 12 Jun 2022 14:32:17 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 55/75] Update 20220607 How Garbage Collection works inside a Java Virtual Machine.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 统一使用“垃圾回收”而不是“垃圾收集” --- ... Garbage Collection works inside a Java Virtual Machine.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/20220607 How Garbage Collection works inside a Java Virtual Machine.md b/translated/tech/20220607 How Garbage Collection works inside a Java Virtual Machine.md index 97ab13a20c..e102895b7c 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20220607 How Garbage Collection works inside a Java Virtual Machine.md +++ b/translated/tech/20220607 How Garbage Collection works inside a Java Virtual Machine.md @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ Java 程序的内存空间被划分为以下四个区域： ![标记整理的过程][4] -### 什么是分代垃圾收集，为什么需要它？ +### 什么是分代垃圾回收，为什么需要它？ 正如我们在“扫描删除”模型中所看到的，一旦对象不断增长，我们就很难扫描所有未使用的对象以回收内存。不过，有一项实验性研究指出，在程序执行期间创建的大多数对象，它们的存活时间都很短。 @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ Java 程序的内存空间被划分为以下四个区域： ![对象分配][6] -在年轻代发生的分代垃圾收集被称为 “Minor GC”。Minor GC 过程中的每个阶段都是“停止世界Stop The World”（STW）的，这会导致其他应用程序暂停运行，直到垃圾回收结束。这也是 Minor GC 更快的原因。 +在年轻代发生的分代垃圾回收被称为 “Minor GC”。Minor GC 过程中的每个阶段都是“停止世界Stop The World”（STW）的，这会导致其他应用程序暂停运行，直到垃圾回收结束。这也是 Minor GC 更快的原因。 一句话总结：伊甸区存放了所有新创建的对象，当它的可用空间被耗尽，第一次垃圾回收就会被触发。 From 34dc20c1125b6131a129961baa19b287a00d3059 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Sun, 12 Jun 2022 14:51:31 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 56/75] Update 20210503 Learn the Lisp programming language in 2021.md --- ...n the Lisp programming language in 2021.md | 173 ++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 79 insertions(+), 94 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20210503 Learn the Lisp programming language in 2021.md b/sources/tech/20210503 Learn the Lisp programming language in 2021.md index a1de95ead8..b4694df247 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20210503 Learn the Lisp programming language in 2021.md +++ b/sources/tech/20210503 Learn the Lisp programming language in 2021.md @@ -1,83 +1,79 @@ -[#]: subject: (Learn the Lisp programming language in 2021) -[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/5/learn-lisp) -[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth) -[#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: ( ) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) +[#]: subject: "Learn the Lisp programming language in 2021" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/21/5/learn-lisp" +[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " -Learn the Lisp programming language in 2021 +Learn the Lisp programming language in 2022 ====== -A lot of Lisp code lurks inside big codebases, so it's smart to get -familiar with the language. -![Woman sitting in front of her laptop][1] +A lot of Lisp code lurks inside big codebases, so it's smart to get familiar with the language. + +![Women in tech and computing][1] + +Image by: kris krüg Lisp was invented in 1958, which makes it the second-oldest computer programming language. It has spawned several modern derivatives, including Common Lisp, Emacs Lisp (Elisp), Clojure, Racket, Scheme, Fennel, and GNU Guile. -People who love thinking about the design of programming languages often love Lisp because of how its syntax and data share the same structure: Lisp code is essentially a list of lists, and its name is an acronym for _LISt Processing_. People who love thinking about the aesthetics of programming languages often hate Lisp because of its frequent use of parentheses for scoping; in fact, it's a common joke that Lisp stands for _Lots of Irritating Superfluous Parentheses_. +People who love thinking about the design of programming languages often love Lisp because of how its syntax and data share the same structure: Lisp code is essentially a list of lists, and its name is an acronym for *LISt Processing*. People who love thinking about the aesthetics of programming languages often hate Lisp because of its frequent use of parentheses for scoping; in fact, it's a common joke that Lisp stands for *Lots of Irritating Superfluous Parentheses*. Whether you love or hate its design philosophies, Lisp is an interesting glimpse at the past and, thanks to Clojure and Guile, into the future. You might be surprised how much Lisp code there is lurking within big codebases in any given industry, so it's a good idea to have at least a passing familiarity with the language. ### Install Lisp -There are many implementations of Lisp. Popular open source versions include [SBCL][2] and [GNU Common Lisp][3] (GCL). You can install either of these with your distribution's package manager. +There are many implementations of Lisp. Popular open source versions include [SBCL][2], [GNU Lisp][3], and [GNU Common Lisp][4] (GCL). You can install any of these with your distribution's package manager, but for this article I use `clisp`. On Fedora Linux: - ``` -`$ sudo dnf install gcl` +$ sudo dnf install clisp ``` On Debian: - ``` -`$ sudo apt install gcl` +$ sudo apt install clisp ``` -For macOS, you can use [MacPorts][4] or [Homebrew][5]: - +For macOS, you can use [MacPorts][5] or [Homebrew][6]: ``` -`$ sudo port install gcl` +$ sudo port install clisp ``` -For Windows, download a binary from [gnu.org/software/gcl][6]. +For Windows, you can either use [clisp on Cygwin][7] or download a GCL binary from [gnu.org/software/gcl][8]. -For this article, I'm using GCL and its `clisp` command, but most of the principles apply to any Lisp. +Even though I'm using the `clisp` command, most of the principles in this article apply to any Lisp. Should you choose to use a different Lisp implementation, the command to run Lisp code is different from what I use in this article (`gcl` or `sbcl` instead of `clisp`, for example) but everything else is the same. ### List processing -The basic unit of Lisp source code is an _expression_, which is written as a list. For instance, this is a list of an operator (`+`) and two integers (`1` and `2`): - +The basic unit of Lisp source code is an *expression*, which is written as a list. For instance, this is a list of an operator (`+` ) and two integers (`1` and `2` ): ``` -`(+ 1 2)` +(+ 1 2) ``` -It's also a Lisp expression, using a symbol (`+`) that evaluates to a function (addition) and two arguments (`1` and `2`). You can run this expression and others in an interactive Common Lisp environment called REPL (read-eval-print loop). If you're familiar with Python's IDLE, Lisp's REPL should feel somewhat familiar to you. +It's also a Lisp expression, using a symbol (`+` ) that evaluates to a function (addition) and two arguments (`1` and `2` ). You can run this expression and others in an interactive Common Lisp environment called REPL (read-eval-print loop). If you're familiar with Python's IDLE, Lisp's REPL should feel somewhat familiar to you. To launch a REPL, launch Common Lisp: - ``` $ clisp -[1]> +[1]> ``` At the REPL prompt, type a few expressions: - ``` -[1]> (+ 1 2) +[1]> (+ 1 2) 3 -[2]> (- 1 2) +[2]> (- 1 2) -1 -[3]> (- 2 1) +[3]> (- 2 1) 1 -[4]> (+ 2 3 4) +[4]> (+ 2 3 4) 9 ``` @@ -85,109 +81,100 @@ At the REPL prompt, type a few expressions: Now that you know the basic structure of a Lisp expression, you can utilize Lisp functions in useful ways. The `print` function takes any argument you provide and displays it on your terminal, while the `pprint` function "pretty" prints it. There are other variations on the print function, but `pprint` is nice in REPL: - ``` -[1]> (pprint "hello world") +[1]> (pprint "hello world") "hello world" -[2]> +[2]> ``` You can create your own functions with `defun`. The `defun` function requires a name for your function and any parameters you want your function to accept: - ``` -[1]> (defun myprinter (s) (pprint s)) +[1]> (defun myprinter (s) (pprint s)) MYPRINTER -[2]> (myprinter "hello world") +[2]> (myprinter "hello world") "hello world" -[3]> +[3]> ``` ### Variables -You can create variables in Lisp with `setf`: - +You can create variables in Lisp with `setf` : ``` -[1]> (setf foo "hello world") +[1]> (setf foo "hello world") "hello world" -[2]> (pprint foo) +[2]> (pprint foo) "hello world" -[3]> +[3]> ``` You can nest expressions within expressions in a kind of pipeline. For instance, you can pretty print the contents of your variable after invoking the `string-upcase` function to convert its characters to uppercase: - ``` -[3]> (pprint (string-upcase foo)) +[3]> (pprint (string-upcase foo)) "HELLO WORLD" -[4]> +[4]> ``` Lisp is dynamically typed in the sense that you don't have to declare variable types when setting them. Lisp treats integers as integers by default: - ``` -[1]> (setf foo 2) -[2]> (setf bar 3) -[3]> (+ foo bar) +[1]> (setf foo 2) +[2]> (setf bar 3) +[3]> (+ foo bar) 5 ``` If you intend for an integer to be interpreted as a string, you can quote it: - ``` -[4]> (setf foo "2")                                                                                                                       -"2"                                                                                                                                       -[5]> (setf bar "3")                                                                                                                       +[4]> (setf foo "2") +"2" +[5]> (setf bar "3") "3" -[6]> (+ foo bar) +[6]> (+ foo bar) *** - +: "2" is not a number The following restarts are available: USE-VALUE      :R1      Input a value to be used instead. ABORT          :R2      Abort main loop -Break 1 [7]> +Break 1 [7]> ``` In this sample REPL session, both `foo` and `bar` are set to quoted numbers, so Lisp interprets them as strings. Math operators can't be used on strings, so REPL drops into a debugger mode. To get out of the debugger, press **Ctrl+D** on your keyboard. -You can do some introspection on objects using the `typep` function, which tests for a specific data type. The tokens `T` and `NIL` represent _True_ and _False_, respectively. - +You can do some introspection on objects using the `typep` function, which tests for a specific data type. The tokens `T` and `NIL` represent *True* and *False*, respectively. ``` -[4]> (typep foo 'string) +[4]> (typep foo 'string) NIL -[5]> (typep foo 'integer) +[5]> (typep foo 'integer) T ``` -The single quote (`'`) before `string` and `integer` prevents Lisp from (incorrectly) evaluating those keywords as variables: - +The single quote (`'` ) before `string` and `integer` prevents Lisp from (incorrectly) evaluating those keywords as variables: ``` -[6]> (typep foo string) +[6]> (typep foo string) *** - SYSTEM::READ-EVAL-PRINT: variable STRING has no value [...] ``` It's a shorthand way to protect the terms, normally done with the `quote` function: - ``` -[7]> (typep foo (quote string)) +[7]> (typep foo (quote string)) NIL -[5]> (typep foo (quote integer)) +[5]> (typep foo (quote integer)) T ``` @@ -195,19 +182,17 @@ T Unsurprisingly, you can also create lists in Lisp: - ``` -[1]> (setf foo (list "hello" "world")) +[1]> (setf foo (list "hello" "world")) ("hello" "world") ``` Lists can be indexed with the `nth` function: - ``` -[2]> (nth 0 foo) +[2]> (nth 0 foo) "hello" -[3]> (pprint (string-capitalize (nth 1 foo))) +[3]> (pprint (string-capitalize (nth 1 foo))) "World" ``` @@ -216,19 +201,17 @@ Lists can be indexed with the `nth` function: To end a REPL session, press **Ctrl+D** on your keyboard, or use the `quit` keyword in Lisp: - ``` -[99]> (quit) +[99]> (quit) $ ``` ### Scripting -Lisp can be compiled or used as an interpreted scripting language. The latter is probably the easiest option when you're starting, especially if you're already familiar with Python or [shell scripting][7]. +Lisp can be compiled or used as an interpreted scripting language. The latter is probably the easiest option when you're starting, especially if you're already familiar with Python or [shell scripting][9]. Here's a simple dice roller script written in GNU Common Lisp: - ``` #!/usr/bin/clisp @@ -241,26 +224,24 @@ Here's a simple dice roller script written in GNU Common Lisp: (roller userput) ``` -The first line tells your [POSIX][8] terminal what executable to use to run the script. +The first line tells your [POSIX][10] terminal what executable to use to run the script. The `roller` function, created with `defun`, uses the `random` function to print a pseudo-random number up to, and not including, the zeroth item of the `num` list. The `num` list hasn't been created yet in the script, but the function doesn't get executed until it's called. The next line assigns any argument provided to the script at launch time to a variable called `userput`. The `userput` variable is a list, and it's what becomes `num` once it's passed to the `roller` function. -The penultimate line of the script starts a _random seed_. This provides Lisp with enough entropy to generate a mostly random number. +The penultimate line of the script starts a *random seed*. This provides Lisp with enough entropy to generate a mostly random number. The final line invokes the custom `roller` function, providing the `userput` list as its sole argument. Save the file as `dice.lisp` and mark it executable: - ``` -`$ chmod +x dice.lisp` +$ chmod +x dice.lisp ``` Finally, try running it, providing it with a maximum number from which to choose its random number: - ``` $ ./dice.lisp 21 @@ -275,9 +256,11 @@ $ ./dice.lisp 21 Not bad! +You may notice that your emulated die has a pontential value of 0, and never reaches the maximum number you provide to it as an argument. In other words, this script never rolls 20 on a 20-sided die (unless you count 0 as 20). There's a simple fix to this, and you only need the knowledge gained from this article to do it. Can you fix this bug? + ### Learn Lisp -Whether you can imagine using Lisp as a utilitarian language for personal scripts, to advance your career, or just as a fun experiment, you can see some particularly inventive uses at the annual [Lisp Game Jam][9] (most submissions are open source, so you can view the code to learn from what you play). +Whether you can imagine using Lisp as a utilitarian language for personal scripts, to advance your career, or just as a fun experiment, you can see some particularly inventive uses at the annual [Lisp Game Jam][11] (most submissions are open source, so you can view the code to learn from what you play). Lisp is a fun and unique language with an ever-growing developer base and enough historic and emerging dialects to keep programmers from all disciplines happy. @@ -286,20 +269,22 @@ Lisp is a fun and unique language with an ever-growing developer base and enough via: https://opensource.com/article/21/5/learn-lisp 作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] +选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/OSDC_women_computing_4.png?itok=VGZO8CxT (Woman sitting in front of her laptop) +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/OSDC_women_computing_4.png [2]: http://sbcl.org -[3]: https://www.gnu.org/software/gcl/ -[4]: https://opensource.com/article/20/11/macports -[5]: https://opensource.com/article/20/6/homebrew-linux -[6]: http://mirror.lagoon.nc/gnu/gcl/binaries/stable -[7]: https://opensource.com/article/20/4/bash-programming-guide -[8]: https://opensource.com/article/19/7/what-posix-richard-stallman-explains -[9]: https://itch.io/jam/spring-lisp-game-jam-2021 +[3]: http://clisp.org +[4]: https://www.gnu.org/software/gcl/ +[5]: https://opensource.com/article/20/11/macports +[6]: https://opensource.com/article/20/6/homebrew-linux +[7]: https://cygwin.fandom.com/wiki/Clisp +[8]: http://mirror.lagoon.nc/gnu/gcl/binaries/stable +[9]: https://opensource.com/article/20/4/bash-programming-guide +[10]: https://opensource.com/article/19/7/what-posix-richard-stallman-explains +[11]: https://itch.io/jam/spring-lisp-game-jam-2021 From 1daa2dd5a938888edc81ae17628180b27cf1fb0b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Sun, 12 Jun 2022 15:02:54 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 57/75] Update 20210503 Learn the Lisp programming language in 2021.md --- .../20210503 Learn the Lisp programming language in 2021.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20210503 Learn the Lisp programming language in 2021.md b/sources/tech/20210503 Learn the Lisp programming language in 2021.md index b4694df247..6f73c62d9c 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20210503 Learn the Lisp programming language in 2021.md +++ b/sources/tech/20210503 Learn the Lisp programming language in 2021.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " -Learn the Lisp programming language in 2022 +Let's learn the Lisp programming language ====== A lot of Lisp code lurks inside big codebases, so it's smart to get familiar with the language. From c30ef8918f3b517b17cd406b14243725062d7015 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Sun, 12 Jun 2022 15:59:55 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 58/75] RP @geekpi https://linux.cn/article-14700-1.html --- ... That Just Plays Music and Nothing Else.md | 43 ++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20220606 Amberol is a Stunning Looking Music Player for Linux That Just Plays Music and Nothing Else.md (68%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20220606 Amberol is a Stunning Looking Music Player for Linux That Just Plays Music and Nothing Else.md b/published/20220606 Amberol is a Stunning Looking Music Player for Linux That Just Plays Music and Nothing Else.md similarity index 68% rename from translated/tech/20220606 Amberol is a Stunning Looking Music Player for Linux That Just Plays Music and Nothing Else.md rename to published/20220606 Amberol is a Stunning Looking Music Player for Linux That Just Plays Music and Nothing Else.md index 772796fee7..0ccbb7c9bc 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20220606 Amberol is a Stunning Looking Music Player for Linux That Just Plays Music and Nothing Else.md +++ b/published/20220606 Amberol is a Stunning Looking Music Player for Linux That Just Plays Music and Nothing Else.md @@ -3,15 +3,18 @@ [#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14700-1.html" Amberol 是一款外观漂亮的 Linux 音乐播放器，只播放音乐，不做其他事情 ====== + +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202206/12/155846b0sbsvtt1et70ttf.jpg) + 虽然音乐世界被流媒体服务所主导，但这并没有阻止开发者为桌面电脑创建音乐播放器。 -最近，我发现了一个外观漂亮的新的 Linux 桌面音乐播放器。它名为 Amberol，我被它的美丽所震撼了。 +最近，我发现了一个外观漂亮的新的 Linux 桌面音乐播放器。它名为 Amberol，我被它的美丽所震撼。 ![amberol music player interface][1] @@ -21,41 +24,41 @@ Amberol 是一款外观漂亮的 Linux 音乐播放器，只播放音乐，不 看起来不错是它所做的两件（或几件）事情中的一件。另一件事是播放音乐。 -这就是它。[Amberol][2] 没有额外的花哨（和有用）的功能，如生成专辑封面、元数据编辑、歌词显示或播放列表和库管理。 +这就是它，[Amberol][2] 没有额外的花哨（和有用）的功能，如生成专辑封面、元数据编辑、歌词显示或播放列表和库管理。 -这些功能也不像会在未来的版本中加入。Amberol 只想播放音乐。就是这样。 +这些功能也不像是会在未来的版本中加入。Amberol 只想播放音乐。就是这样。 #### 令人惊叹的用户界面 Amberol 和大多数新的 GNOME 应用一样，是用 Rust 和 GTK 编写的。 -它有一个自适应的用户界面，可以根据你正在播放的专辑颜色来改变颜色。渐变效果给了它一个现代、时尚的外观，肯定会成为你的 Linux rice 截图的一部分。 +它有一个自适应的用户界面，可以根据你正在播放的专辑颜色来改变颜色。渐变效果给了它一个现代、时尚的外观，肯定会成为你的 Linux 美化Ricing截图的一部分。 ![amberol music player][3] -由于 UI 没有传统的手柄和菜单，它给应用一个统一的外观。 +由于其 UI 没有传统的手柄和菜单，它给应用一个统一的外观。 #### 播放列表 -它从你添加的文件夹中存在的文件自动生成一个播放列表。它显示在左手边的侧边栏。 +它会从你添加的文件夹中的文件自动生成一个播放列表，显示在左手边的侧边栏。 ![amberol playlist][4] -你可以在左上角看到整个播放列表将播放多长时间的音乐。点击“勾选符号”，你可以选择歌曲，并从播放列表中删除它们。 +你可以在左上角看到整个播放列表将播放多长时间的音乐。点击“勾选”符号，你可以选择歌曲，并从播放列表中删除它们。 -如果你愿意，你可以隐藏播放列表的侧边栏。 +如果你愿意，可以隐藏播放列表的侧边栏。 ![amberol without playlist][5] #### 音乐播放选项 -你可以在界面上看到歌曲的进度。该播放器与键盘上的媒体控制按钮整合得很好。你可以用专用的媒体键播放/暂停和改变曲目（如果你的系统上有）。 +你可以在界面上看到歌曲的进度。该播放器与键盘上的媒体控制按钮整合得很好。你可以用专用的媒体键来播放、暂停和改变曲目（如果你的系统上有）。 -Amberol 为你提供了一些播放音乐的选项。你可以打开随机播放功能，按随机顺序播放音乐。你也可以把一首歌放在重复的位置，一直播放，直到你厌倦它。 +Amberol 为你提供了一些播放音乐的选项。你可以打开随机播放功能，按随机顺序播放音乐。你也可以单曲循环，直到你厌倦它。 ![amberol music playing options][6] -底部的手柄菜单让你可以选择添加文件或文件夹，并显示可用的键盘快捷方式。 +底部的汉堡菜单让你可以选择添加文件或文件夹，并显示可用的键盘快捷方式。 ![amberol keyboard shortcuts][7] @@ -63,7 +66,7 @@ Amberol 为你提供了一些播放音乐的选项。你可以打开随机播放 ### 在 Linux 上安装 Amberol -Amberol 是[以 Flatpak 形式提供][8]。请确保[你的系统已启用 Flatpak 支持][9]。 +Amberol 是 [以 Flatpak 形式提供的][8]。请确保 [你的系统已启用 Flatpak 支持][9]。 要安装 Amberol，请打开终端并使用以下命令： @@ -73,17 +76,17 @@ flatpak install flathub io.bassi.Amberol 安装完毕后，在菜单中搜索该应用，并点击启动。 -第一次运行时，它会要求你添加音乐文件或文件夹。你也可以拖放文件。 +第一次运行时，它会要求你添加音乐文件或文件夹。你也可以拖放文件播放。 ![amberol first run][10] ### 总结 -就个人而言，我更喜欢流媒体服务，因为我没有一个很好的本地音乐收藏。但我知道有的人有/有大量的 CD 收藏，现在都保存在硬盘上。 +就个人而言，我更喜欢流媒体服务，因为我没有本机音乐珍藏。但我知道有的人有大量的 CD 收藏，现在都保存在硬盘上。 -Amberol 是一个外观漂亮的应用，对于播放本地音乐来说，它足够好。最吸引人的是基于专辑封面的自适应用户界面。 +Amberol 是一个外观漂亮的应用，对于播放本机音乐来说，它足够好。最吸引人的是它基于专辑封面的自适应用户界面。 -我请你试试它，并在评论区分享你的经验。 +请你试试它，并在评论区分享你的经验。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -92,7 +95,7 @@ via: https://itsfoss.com/amberol-music-player/ 作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 4afc372fb3fd9fe2fa32ad4294cb02d9c9ce786b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Sun, 12 Jun 2022 22:08:26 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 59/75] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020220612=20LibreOffice=207.4-=20Top=20New=20Features=20a?= =?UTF-8?q?nd=20Release=20Details.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...4- Top New Features and Release Details.md | 151 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 151 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220612 LibreOffice 7.4- Top New Features and Release Details.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220612 LibreOffice 7.4- Top New Features and Release Details.md b/sources/tech/20220612 LibreOffice 7.4- Top New Features and Release Details.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cd0c22d2a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220612 LibreOffice 7.4- Top New Features and Release Details.md @@ -0,0 +1,151 @@ +[#]: subject: "LibreOffice 7.4: Top New Features and Release Details" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/06/libreoffice-7-4/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +LibreOffice 7.4: Top New Features and Release Details +====== +This post contains the top new features of LibreOffice 7.4 (upcoming) across Writer, Calc, Impress and other core modules. + +**This post contains the top new features of LibreOffice 7.4 (upcoming) across Writer, Calc, Impress and other core modules.** + +The LibreOffice team improves the famous free and open-source office product with each iteration. Perhaps the only stable and well-managed open-source project as a replacement to Microsoft Office. + +The LibreOffice 7.4 version (planned in August), bringing regular updates to core modules including Calc, Writer and Impress with features and enhancements. Furthermore, in this release, the compatibility with Microsoft Office improved with changes to the core filters and platform updates. + +Before we round up the new features, here’s a tentative schedule for LibreOffice 7.4: + +### Schedule + +| Milestone | Release Date | +| :- | :- | +| Alpha 1 | May 9, 2022 – May 15, 2022 | +| Feature Freeze | Jun 6, 2022 – Jun 12, 2022 | +| Beta 1 | Jun 6, 2022 – Jun 12, 2022 | +| RC1 | Jul 4, 2022 – Jul 10, 2022 | +| RC2 | Jul 25, 2022 – Jul 31, 2022 | +| RC3 | Aug 8, 2022 – Aug 14, 2022 | +| Release 7.4 | Aug 15, 2022 – Aug 21, 2022 | + +### LibreOffice 7.4 Features + +#### Calc + +First and foremost, the most crucial change coming in 7.4 is the support of 16k columns in LibreOffice Calc. It was available in earlier LibreOffice 7.3 but hidden as an experimental option. Finally, it is open to support 16384 columns, i.e. up to XFD. Additional columns are going to help several high-volume data work. + +![LibreOffice 7.4 Calc now supports 16k columns.][1] + +Second, the Autosum button gets the following [additional functions][2] to improve productivity and save time. + +* COUNTA +* PRODUCT +* STDEV +* STDEVP +* VAR +* VARP + +![Additional options in Autosum button][3] + +Moreover, the height of the formula bar is now part of the *.ods files. Hence, you can see the height retained after saving the file and opening it. Earlier, it was being reset to the default height. It is one of the small changes but has a more significant impact on heavy Calc users. + +![Height of Calc Formula bar][4] + +In addition, a new menu option `Sheet > Navigate > Go to Sheet` shows an entire new dialog which is similar to the Writer’s Go to Page. + +#### Writer + +Firstly, the hyphenation settings get three new options. You can now specify the size of the hyphenation zone, minimum word length and ability to stop hyphenating the last word. + +![New Hyphenation settings][5] + +*Image credit: LibreOffice Team* + +Secondly, the menu item Tools > Update > Update now updates the preview of all OLE objects. Also, if you are importing a DOCX file in LibreOffice 7.4, the paragraph borders bring more clarity. In addition, the import also improves the Rich text and checkbox contents inside the text box for DOCX imports. Moreover, Write 7.4 now supports clearing breaks from Word files improving layout consistency. + +Secondly, the menu item `Tools > Update > Update all` now updates the preview of all OLE objects. + +Also, if you are importing a DOCX file in LibreOffice 7.4, the paragraph borders bring more clarity. In addition, the import also improves the Rich text and checkbox contents inside the text box for DOCX imports. + +Moreover, Writer 7.4 now supports clearing breaks from Word files improving layout consistency. + +#### Impress + +The significant change in Impress is a new Theme tab in the Slide properties for the master slide. It contains several accent colour options which control all the sildes in your presentation. It will be a really neat feature in this version. + +![New Theme option in Slide Master Properties][6] + +### Common Updates (across all modules) + +Firstly, the most important change as a standard feature is LibreOffice now supports WEBP images officially. You can directly export and import WebP images across Writer, Calc, Draw etc. Now you do not need additional software to convert WEBP images, especially in Linux systems. + +Moreover, the support for Windows compressed enhanced meta file (EMZ/WMZ) also lands in this release. + +![New WEBP Image Support][7] + +Secondly, the Fille > Recent Documents can remember the state of the last opened document, whether it was read-only or editable. + +The 3D shapes lighting gets some bug fixes and corrections corresponding to the ODF specifications. + +### Performance Updates + +A bunch of performance boosts also makes this an important release of LibreOffice. Here’s a quick recap of the performance boosts. + +* [The Text Layout performance gets around a 60% boost][8] +* [Calc formula re-calculation][9] +* Improved performance of [VLOOKUP][10], COUNTIF and SUMIF +* [And CSV file import][11] + +That’s not all. LibreOffice 7.4 also brings a huge set of filters (export and import) for Microsoft Office 365 file types, extended PDF export options (such as a sign) via command line, updated language support and API changes. + +### Download LibreOffice 7.4 for Testing + +You can download the development version of LibreOffice 7.4 using the respective links and help to test. + +* [RPM Package for Fedora and related distributions][12] +* [DEB packages for Ubuntu, Linux Mint and others][13] +* [Windows 10, 11 – 64-bit][14] +* [macOS 64 bit][15] +* [Mac OS X – ARM and Apple SIlicon, M1][16] + +If you need assistance, you can refer to our [guide here][17] to install the development version in Linux. Make sure to report any issues or bugs in the [official bug tracker.][18] + +LibreOffice 7.4 is planned for release between Aug 15, 2022, and Aug 21, 2022. + +*[Via Release Notes][19]* + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/06/libreoffice-7-4/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/LibreOffice-7.4-Calc-now-supports-16k-columns.jpg +[2]: https://bugs.documentfoundation.org/show_bug.cgi?id=139602 +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Additional-formula-in-Autosum-tool.jpg +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Height-of-Calc-Formula-bar.jpg +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/New-Hyphenation-settings.jpg +[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/New-Theme-option-in-Slide-Master-Properties.jpg +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/New-WEBP-Image-Support.jpg +[8]: http://llunak.blogspot.com/2022/04/improving-text-layout-performance.html +[9]: https://bugs.documentfoundation.org/show_bug.cgi?id=119083 +[10]: https://bugs.documentfoundation.org/show_bug.cgi?id=146546 +[11]: https://bugs.documentfoundation.org/show_bug.cgi?id=94677 +[12]: https://www.libreoffice.org/download/download/?type=rpm-x86_64&version=7.4.0&lang=en-US +[13]: https://www.libreoffice.org/download/download/?type=deb-x86_64&version=7.4.0&lang=en-US +[14]: https://www.libreoffice.org/download/download/?type=win-x86_64&version=7.4.0&lang=en-US +[15]: https://www.libreoffice.org/download/download/?type=mac-x86_64&version=7.4.0&lang=en-US +[16]: https://www.libreoffice.org/download/download/?type=mac-aarch64&version=7.4.0&lang=en-US +[17]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/06/install-latest-libreoffice-ubuntu-linux/ +[18]: https://bugs.documentfoundation.org/ +[19]: https://wiki.documentfoundation.org/ReleaseNotes/7.4 From 3c26deb6bcee45e2f40b2c6a3a03681ad5ea604e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Mon, 13 Jun 2022 08:41:20 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 60/75] translatedd --- ...untu 22.04 into Rescue - Emergency Mode.md | 85 ------------------- ...untu 22.04 into Rescue - Emergency Mode.md | 85 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 85 insertions(+), 85 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20220607 How to Boot Ubuntu 22.04 into Rescue - Emergency Mode.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20220607 How to Boot Ubuntu 22.04 into Rescue - Emergency Mode.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220607 How to Boot Ubuntu 22.04 into Rescue - Emergency Mode.md b/sources/tech/20220607 How to Boot Ubuntu 22.04 into Rescue - Emergency Mode.md deleted file mode 100644 index 70ff4e6105..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220607 How to Boot Ubuntu 22.04 into Rescue - Emergency Mode.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,85 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "How to Boot Ubuntu 22.04 into Rescue / Emergency Mode" -[#]: via: "https://www.linuxtechi.com/boot-ubuntu-22-04-rescue-emergency-mode/" -[#]: author: "Pradeep Kumar https://www.linuxtechi.com/author/pradeep/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -How to Boot Ubuntu 22.04 into Rescue / Emergency Mode -====== -Hello geeks, booting Ubuntu 22.04 (Jammy Jellyfish) into rescue and emergency mode helps to reset the forgotten user password, fix the file system errors and disabling or enabling systemd service during boot. - -In this post, we will learn how to boot Ubuntu 22.04 LTS system into rescue and emergency mode. Rescue mode is similar to single user mode where are all troubleshooting steps are executed. Rescue mode loads the minimal environment and mount root file system. - -Whereas in emergency mode, we get the single user shell without starting any system services. So emergency mode is required when we can’t boot the system into rescue mode. - -### Boot Ubuntu 22.04 into Rescue or Single User Mode - -Head to target system which you want to boot into rescue or single user mode. At the boot press ‘SHIFT & ESC’ key to enter into grub bootloader screen. - -![Default-Grub-Screen-Ubuntu-22-04][1] - -Choose the first option Ubuntu and press ‘e’ to enter edit mode. - -Go the end of line which starts with linux and delete the string ‘$vt_handoff’ and add the string ‘systemd.unit=rescue.target’ - -![rescue-target-ubuntu-22-04][2] - -After making the changes, either press Ctrl+x or F10 to boot in rescue mode, - -![Troubleshooting-Commands-in-Rescue-Mode][3] - -Once you enter into rescue mode, run all troubleshooting commands and to reboot the system run ‘systemctl reboot’ command - -### Alternate Way to Boot System into Rescue Mode - -Reboot the system and press ‘ESC & Shift’ Key to go to grub boot screen. - -Choose the 2nd option ‘Advanced Options for Ubuntu’ –> Choose recovery mode option and hit enter –> Choose Root (Drop to root shell prompt). - -Example is show below - -![Boot-Ubuntu-22-04-Rescue-Mode][4] - -Once you have root shell, run commands to recover and fix the system issues and finally use ‘systemctl reboot’ to reboot the system. - -### Boot Ubuntu 22.04 into Emergency Mode - -To boot the system into emergency mode, first go to grub screen. - -![Default-Grub-Screen-Ubuntu-22-04][5] - -Select the first option as ‘Ubuntu’ and press ‘e’ to edit. Look for the line which starts with linux word, go to the end of that line, remove the string $vt_handoff and add the string ‘systemd.unit=emergency.target’ - -![Emergency-Mode-Ubuntu-22-04][6] - -Press Ctrl+x or F10 to boot the system into emergency mode, - -![Command-in-Emergency-Mode-Ubuntu-22-04][7] - -Similarly in rescue mode, you can perform all the troubleshooting in this mode and once done reboot the system with command ‘systemctl reboot’. - -That’s all from this post. I found it informative and don’t hesitate to share this among your technical friends. Kindly post your queries and feedback in below comments section. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.linuxtechi.com/boot-ubuntu-22-04-rescue-emergency-mode/ - -作者：[Pradeep Kumar][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/author/pradeep/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Default-Grub-Screen-Ubuntu-22-04.png -[2]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/rescue-target-ubuntu-22-04.png -[3]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Troubleshooting-Commands-in-Rescue-Mode.png -[4]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Boot-Ubuntu-22-04-Rescue-Mode.gif -[5]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Default-Grub-Screen-Ubuntu-22-04.png -[6]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Emergency-Mode-Ubuntu-22-04.png -[7]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Command-in-Emergency-Mode-Ubuntu-22-04.png diff --git a/translated/tech/20220607 How to Boot Ubuntu 22.04 into Rescue - Emergency Mode.md b/translated/tech/20220607 How to Boot Ubuntu 22.04 into Rescue - Emergency Mode.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..86f542b747 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220607 How to Boot Ubuntu 22.04 into Rescue - Emergency Mode.md @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +[#]: subject: "How to Boot Ubuntu 22.04 into Rescue / Emergency Mode" +[#]: via: "https://www.linuxtechi.com/boot-ubuntu-22-04-rescue-emergency-mode/" +[#]: author: "Pradeep Kumar https://www.linuxtechi.com/author/pradeep/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "geekpi" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +如何启动 Ubuntu 22.04 进入救援/紧急模式 +====== +极客们好，将 Ubuntu 22.04（Jammy Jellyfish）启动到救援和紧急模式有助于重置忘记的用户密码，修复文件系统错误以及在启动过程中禁用或启用 systemd 服务。 + +在这篇文章中，我们将学习如何启动 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 系统进入救援和应急模式。救援模式类似于单用户模式，所有的故障排除步骤都在这里进行。救援模式加载最小的环境并挂载根文件系统。 + +而在紧急模式下，我们得到的是单用户 shell，而不启动任何系统服务。因此，当我们无法启动系统进入救援模式时，就需要紧急模式。 + +### 启动 Ubuntu 22.04 进入救援或单用户模式 + +前往你想启动到救援或单用户模式的目标系统。在启动时按下 “SHIFT+ESC” 键，进入 grub bootloader 页面。 + +![Default-Grub-Screen-Ubuntu-22-04][1] + +选择第一个选项 Ubuntu，并按 “e” 键进入编辑模式。 + +在以 linux 开头的一行末尾，删除字符串 “$vt_handoff” 并添加字符串 “systemd.unit=rescue.target”。 + +![rescue-target-ubuntu-22-04][2] + +做完修改后，按 Ctrl+x 或 F10 在救援模式下启动。 + +![Troubleshooting-Commands-in-Rescue-Mode][3] + +进入救援模式后，运行所有的故障排除命令，并运行 “systemctl reboot” 命令来重启系统。 + +### 另一种启动系统进入救援模式的方法 + +重新启动系统并按下 “ESC+Shift” 键，进入 grub 启动界面。 + +选择第二个选项 “Advanced Options for Ubuntu”->选择恢复模式选项并点击回车->选择 Root（进入 root shell 提示）。 + +下面是一个例子 + +![Boot-Ubuntu-22-04-Rescue-Mode][4] + +当你有了 root shell，运行命令来恢复和修复系统问题，最后使用 “systemctl reboot” 来重启系统。 + +### 引导 Ubuntu 22.04 进入紧急模式 + +要启动系统进入紧急模式，首先进入 grub 页面。 + +![Default-Grub-Screen-Ubuntu-22-04][5] + +选择第一个选项 “Ubuntu” 并按 “e” 键进行编辑。寻找以 linux 开头的一行，移到该行的末尾，删除字符串 $vt_handoff 并添加字符串 “systemd.unit=emergency.target”。 + +![Emergency-Mode-Ubuntu-22-04][6] + +按 Ctrl+x 或 F10 将系统启动到紧急模式。 + +![Command-in-Emergency-Mode-Ubuntu-22-04][7] + +同样，在救援模式下，你可以在这个模式下执行所有的故障排除，完成后，就用 “systemctl reboot” 命令重启系统。 + +这篇文章的内容就这些。我发现它内容丰富，不要犹豫，在你的技术朋友中分享这个。请在下面的评论区发表你的疑问和反馈。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.linuxtechi.com/boot-ubuntu-22-04-rescue-emergency-mode/ + +作者：[Pradeep Kumar][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/author/pradeep/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Default-Grub-Screen-Ubuntu-22-04.png +[2]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/rescue-target-ubuntu-22-04.png +[3]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Troubleshooting-Commands-in-Rescue-Mode.png +[4]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Boot-Ubuntu-22-04-Rescue-Mode.gif +[5]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Default-Grub-Screen-Ubuntu-22-04.png +[6]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Emergency-Mode-Ubuntu-22-04.png +[7]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Command-in-Emergency-Mode-Ubuntu-22-04.png From ffba8cfc77911c24e748747126a873cb2923068e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Mon, 13 Jun 2022 08:44:14 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 61/75] translating --- .../tech/20220610 Manage Flatpak Permission Using Flatseal.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220610 Manage Flatpak Permission Using Flatseal.md b/sources/tech/20220610 Manage Flatpak Permission Using Flatseal.md index 0101e22235..893db83b87 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220610 Manage Flatpak Permission Using Flatseal.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220610 Manage Flatpak Permission Using Flatseal.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/06/manage-flatpak-permission-flatseal/" [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "geekpi" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From b3c33934e3577e1e6b813c4739f32e6a8ae3bf9b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Mon, 13 Jun 2022 11:23:54 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 62/75] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=B8=85=E7=90=86=E4=BB=A3=E7=A0=81?= =?UTF-8?q?=E6=A0=BC=E5=BC=8F?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...210722 Write your first JavaScript code.md | 182 ++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 82 insertions(+), 100 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20210722 Write your first JavaScript code.md b/sources/tech/20210722 Write your first JavaScript code.md index d02ca214cd..9e1af727df 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20210722 Write your first JavaScript code.md +++ b/sources/tech/20210722 Write your first JavaScript code.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -[#]: subject: (Write your first JavaScript code) -[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/7/javascript-cheat-sheet) -[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth) -[#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: ( ) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) +[#]: subject: "Write your first JavaScript code" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/21/7/javascript-cheat-sheet" +[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " Write your first JavaScript code ====== -JavaScript was created for the web, but it can do so much more. Learn -the basics, then download our cheat sheet so you always have the details -at hand. -![Code with javascript on white background][1] +JavaScript was created for the web, but it can do so much more. Learn the basics, then download our cheat sheet so you always have the details at hand. + +![open source programming][1] + +Image by: Opensource.com JavaScript is a programming language full of pleasant surprises. Many people first encounter JavaScript as a language for the web. There's a JavaScript engine in all the major browsers, there are popular frameworks such as JQuery, Cash, and Bootstrap to help make web design easier, and there are even programming environments written in JavaScript. It seems to be everywhere on the internet, but it turns out that it's also a useful language for projects like [Electron][2], an open source toolkit for building cross-platform desktop apps with JavaScript. @@ -26,50 +27,44 @@ As you progress with JavaScript, you may find yourself wanting advanced JavaScri To write your first JavaScript code, open your favorite text editor, such as [Notepad++][3], [Atom][4], or [VSCode][5]. Because it was developed for the web, JavaScript works well with HTML, so first, just try some basic HTML: - ``` -<[html][6]> -  <[head][7]> -    <[title][8]>JS</[title][8]> -  </[head][7]> -  <[body][9]> -    <[p][10] id="example">Nothing here.</[p][10]> -  </[body][9]> -</[html][6]> + +  +    JS +  +  +   

Nothing here.

+  + ``` Save the file, and then open it in a web browser. -![HTML displayed in browser][11] - -(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][12]) - -To add JavaScript to this simple HTML page, you can either create a JavaScript file and refer to it in the page's `head` or just embed your JavaScript code in the HTML using the ` + +  + ``` Reload the page in your browser. -![HTML with JavaScript displayed in browser][14] - -(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][12]) +![HTML with JavaScript displayed in browser][7] As you can see, the `

` tag as written still contains the string "Nothing here," but when it's rendered, JavaScript alters it so that it contains "Hello world" instead. Yes, JavaScript has the power to rebuild (or just help build) a webpage. @@ -77,30 +72,29 @@ The JavaScript in this simple script does two things. First, it creates a variab Of course, using a custom variable isn't necessary. It's just as easy to populate the HTML element with something being dynamically created. For instance, you could populate it with a timestamp: - ``` -<[html][6]> -  <[head][7]> -    <[title][8]>JS</[title][8]> -  </[head][7]> -  <[body][9]> -    <[p][10] id="example">Date and time appears here.</[p][10]> + +  +    JS +  +  +   

Date and time appears here.

-    <[script][13]> +    +    +  + ``` Reload the page to see a timestamp generated at the moment the page is rendered. Reload a few times to watch the seconds increment. ### JavaScript syntax -In programming, **syntax** refers to the rules of how sentences (or "lines") are written. In JavaScript, each line of code must end in a semicolon (`;`) so that the JavaScript engine running your code understands when to stop reading. +In programming, **syntax** refers to the rules of how sentences (or "lines") are written. In JavaScript, each line of code must end in a semicolon (`;` ) so that the JavaScript engine running your code understands when to stop reading. -Words (or "strings") must be enclosed in quotation marks (`"`), while numbers (or "integers") go without. +Words (or "strings") must be enclosed in quotation marks (`"` ), while numbers (or "integers") go without. Almost everything else is a convention of the JavaScript language, such as variables, arrays, conditional statements, objects, functions, and so on. @@ -110,95 +104,83 @@ Variables are containers for data. You can think of a variable as a box where yo JavaScript's built-in `typeof` function can help you identify what kind of data a variable contains. Using the first example, you can find out what kind of data `myvariable` contains by modifying the displayed text to: - ``` -<string> + let myvariable = "Hello world!"; document.getElementById("example").innerHTML = typeof(myvariable); -</string> + ``` This renders "string" in your web browser because the variable contains "Hello world!" Storing different kinds of data (such as an integer) in `myvariable` would cause a different data type to be printed to your sample web page. Try changing the contents of `myvariable` to your favorite number and then reloading the page. ### Creating functions in JavaScript -Functions in programming are self-contained data processors. They're what makes programming _modular_. It's because functions exist that programmers can write generic libraries that, for instance, resize images or keep track of the passage of time for other programmers (like you) to use in their own code. +Functions in programming are self-contained data processors. They're what makes programming *modular*. It's because functions exist that programmers can write generic libraries that, for instance, resize images or keep track of the passage of time for other programmers (like you) to use in their own code. You create a function by providing a custom name for your function followed by any amount of code enclosed within braces. -Here's a simple web page featuring a resized image and a button that analyzes the image and returns the true image dimensions. In this example code, the ` +    +    +   
+      +   
    -    <[div][15]> -      <[img][17] style="width: 15%" id="myimg" src="penguin.png" /> -    </[div][15]> -    -    <[script][13]> +    +    +  + ``` Save the file and load it into your web browser to try the code. -![Custom get_size function returns image dimensions][18] - -(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][12]) +![Custom get_size function returns image dimensions][8] ### Cross-platform apps with JavaScript You can see from the code sample how JavaScript and HTML work closely together to create a cohesive user experience. This is one of the great strengths of JavaScript. When you write code in JavaScript, you inherit one of the most common user interfaces of modern computing regardless of platform: the web browser. Your code is cross-platform by nature, so your application, whether it's just a humble image size analyzer or a complex image editor, video game, or whatever else you dream up, can be used by everyone with a web browser (or a desktop, if you deliver an Electron app). -Learning JavaScript is easy and fun. There are lots of websites with tutorials available. There are also over a million JavaScript libraries to help you interface with devices, peripherals, the Internet of Things, servers, file systems, and lots more. And as you're learning, keep our [**JavaScript cheat sheet**][19] close by so you remember the fine details of syntax and structure. +Learning JavaScript is easy and fun. There are lots of websites with tutorials available. There are also over a million JavaScript libraries to help you interface with devices, peripherals, the Internet of Things, servers, file systems, and lots more. And as you're learning, keep our [JavaScript cheat sheet][9] close by so you remember the fine details of syntax and structure. + +Image by: (Seth Kenlon, CC BY-SA 4.0) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: https://opensource.com/article/21/7/javascript-cheat-sheet 作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[lixin555](https://github.com/lixin555) +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/code2.png?itok=JCJTJszs (Code with javascript on white background) +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/code2.png [2]: https://www.electronjs.org/ [3]: https://opensource.com/article/16/12/notepad-text-editor [4]: https://opensource.com/article/20/12/atom [5]: https://opensource.com/article/20/6/open-source-alternatives-vs-code -[6]: http://december.com/html/4/element/html.html -[7]: http://december.com/html/4/element/head.html -[8]: http://december.com/html/4/element/title.html -[9]: http://december.com/html/4/element/body.html -[10]: http://december.com/html/4/element/p.html -[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/pictures/plain-html.jpg (HTML displayed in browser) -[12]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ -[13]: http://december.com/html/4/element/script.html -[14]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/html-javascript.jpg (HTML with JavaScript displayed in browser) -[15]: http://december.com/html/4/element/div.html -[16]: http://december.com/html/4/element/button.html -[17]: http://december.com/html/4/element/img.html -[18]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/get-size.jpg (Custom get_size function returns image dimensions) -[19]: https://opensource.com/downloads/javascript-cheat-sheet +[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/pictures/plain-html.jpg +[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/html-javascript.jpg +[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/get-size.jpg +[9]: https://opensource.com/downloads/javascript-cheat-sheet From c8b31062dd2c060d39b0bb6772a7ca9996a7ba39 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Mon, 13 Jun 2022 11:26:40 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 63/75] =?UTF-8?q?[=E7=94=B3=E9=A2=86=E5=8E=9F=E6=96=87][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020210722=20Write=20your=20first=20JavaScript=20code.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- sources/tech/20210722 Write your first JavaScript code.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20210722 Write your first JavaScript code.md b/sources/tech/20210722 Write your first JavaScript code.md index 9e1af727df..0b74edb1d2 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20210722 Write your first JavaScript code.md +++ b/sources/tech/20210722 Write your first JavaScript code.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/21/7/javascript-cheat-sheet" [#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "lkxed" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From ecf91319c392bc62e1e71afd248f2c762eab208d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Mon, 13 Jun 2022 12:33:59 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 64/75] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=8F=90=E4=BA=A4=E8=AF=91=E6=96=87][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020210722=20Write=20your=20first=20JavaScript=20code.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...210722 Write your first JavaScript code.md | 186 ----------------- ...210722 Write your first JavaScript code.md | 187 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 187 insertions(+), 186 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20210722 Write your first JavaScript code.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20210722 Write your first JavaScript code.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20210722 Write your first JavaScript code.md b/sources/tech/20210722 Write your first JavaScript code.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0b74edb1d2..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20210722 Write your first JavaScript code.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,186 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Write your first JavaScript code" -[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/21/7/javascript-cheat-sheet" -[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "lkxed" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Write your first JavaScript code -====== -JavaScript was created for the web, but it can do so much more. Learn the basics, then download our cheat sheet so you always have the details at hand. - -![open source programming][1] - -Image by: Opensource.com - -JavaScript is a programming language full of pleasant surprises. Many people first encounter JavaScript as a language for the web. There's a JavaScript engine in all the major browsers, there are popular frameworks such as JQuery, Cash, and Bootstrap to help make web design easier, and there are even programming environments written in JavaScript. It seems to be everywhere on the internet, but it turns out that it's also a useful language for projects like [Electron][2], an open source toolkit for building cross-platform desktop apps with JavaScript. - -JavaScript is a surprisingly multipurpose language with a wide assortment of libraries for much more than just making websites. Learning the basics of the language is easy, and it's a gateway to building whatever you imagine. - -### Install JavaScript - -As you progress with JavaScript, you may find yourself wanting advanced JavaScript libraries and runtimes. When you're just starting, though, you don't have to install JavaScript at all. All major web browsers include a JavaScript engine to run the code. You can write JavaScript using your favorite text editor, load it into your web browser, and see what your code does. - -### Get started with JavaScript - -To write your first JavaScript code, open your favorite text editor, such as [Notepad++][3], [Atom][4], or [VSCode][5]. Because it was developed for the web, JavaScript works well with HTML, so first, just try some basic HTML: - -``` - -  -    JS -  -  -   

Nothing here.

-  - -``` - -Save the file, and then open it in a web browser. - -![HTML displayed in browser][6] - -To add JavaScript to this simple HTML page, you can either create a JavaScript file and refer to it in the page's `head`  or just embed your JavaScript code in the HTML using the ` - -  - -``` - -Reload the page in your browser. - -![HTML with JavaScript displayed in browser][7] - -As you can see, the `

` tag as written still contains the string "Nothing here," but when it's rendered, JavaScript alters it so that it contains "Hello world" instead. Yes, JavaScript has the power to rebuild (or just help build) a webpage. - -The JavaScript in this simple script does two things. First, it creates a variable called `myvariable` and places the string "Hello world!" into it. Finally, it searches the current document (the web page as the browser is rendering it) for any HTML element with the ID `example`. When it locates `example`, it uses the `innerHTML` function to replace the contents of the HTML element with the contents of `myvariable`. - -Of course, using a custom variable isn't necessary. It's just as easy to populate the HTML element with something being dynamically created. For instance, you could populate it with a timestamp: - -``` - -  -    JS -  -  -   

Date and time appears here.

- -    -    -  - -``` - -Reload the page to see a timestamp generated at the moment the page is rendered. Reload a few times to watch the seconds increment. - -### JavaScript syntax - -In programming, **syntax** refers to the rules of how sentences (or "lines") are written. In JavaScript, each line of code must end in a semicolon (`;` ) so that the JavaScript engine running your code understands when to stop reading. - -Words (or "strings") must be enclosed in quotation marks (`"` ), while numbers (or "integers") go without. - -Almost everything else is a convention of the JavaScript language, such as variables, arrays, conditional statements, objects, functions, and so on. - -### Creating variables in JavaScript - -Variables are containers for data. You can think of a variable as a box where you can put data to share with your program. Creating a variable in JavaScript is done with two keywords you choose based on how you intend to use the variable: `let` and `var`. The `var` keyword denotes a variable intended for your entire program to use, while `let` creates variables for specific purposes, usually inside functions or loops. - -JavaScript's built-in `typeof` function can help you identify what kind of data a variable contains. Using the first example, you can find out what kind of data `myvariable` contains by modifying the displayed text to: - -``` - -let myvariable = "Hello world!"; -document.getElementById("example").innerHTML = typeof(myvariable); - -``` - -This renders "string" in your web browser because the variable contains "Hello world!" Storing different kinds of data (such as an integer) in `myvariable` would cause a different data type to be printed to your sample web page. Try changing the contents of `myvariable` to your favorite number and then reloading the page. - -### Creating functions in JavaScript - -Functions in programming are self-contained data processors. They're what makes programming *modular*. It's because functions exist that programmers can write generic libraries that, for instance, resize images or keep track of the passage of time for other programmers (like you) to use in their own code. - -You create a function by providing a custom name for your function followed by any amount of code enclosed within braces. - -Here's a simple web page featuring a resized image and a button that analyzes the image and returns the true image dimensions. In this example code, the ` -    -    -   
-      -   
-    -    -    -  - -``` - -Save the file and load it into your web browser to try the code. - -![Custom get_size function returns image dimensions][8] - -### Cross-platform apps with JavaScript - -You can see from the code sample how JavaScript and HTML work closely together to create a cohesive user experience. This is one of the great strengths of JavaScript. When you write code in JavaScript, you inherit one of the most common user interfaces of modern computing regardless of platform: the web browser. Your code is cross-platform by nature, so your application, whether it's just a humble image size analyzer or a complex image editor, video game, or whatever else you dream up, can be used by everyone with a web browser (or a desktop, if you deliver an Electron app). - -Learning JavaScript is easy and fun. There are lots of websites with tutorials available. There are also over a million JavaScript libraries to help you interface with devices, peripherals, the Internet of Things, servers, file systems, and lots more. And as you're learning, keep our [JavaScript cheat sheet][9] close by so you remember the fine details of syntax and structure. - -Image by: (Seth Kenlon, CC BY-SA 4.0) - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://opensource.com/article/21/7/javascript-cheat-sheet - -作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/code2.png -[2]: https://www.electronjs.org/ -[3]: https://opensource.com/article/16/12/notepad-text-editor -[4]: https://opensource.com/article/20/12/atom -[5]: https://opensource.com/article/20/6/open-source-alternatives-vs-code -[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/pictures/plain-html.jpg -[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/html-javascript.jpg -[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/get-size.jpg -[9]: https://opensource.com/downloads/javascript-cheat-sheet diff --git a/translated/tech/20210722 Write your first JavaScript code.md b/translated/tech/20210722 Write your first JavaScript code.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4d607cb6f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20210722 Write your first JavaScript code.md @@ -0,0 +1,187 @@ +[#]: subject: "Write your first JavaScript code" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/21/7/javascript-cheat-sheet" +[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "lkxed" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +编写你的第一段 JavaScript 代码 +====== +JavaScript 是为 Web 而生的，但它可以做的事远不止于此。本文将带领你了解它的基础知识，然后你可以下载我们的备忘清单，以便随时掌握详细信息。 + +![开源编程][1] + +图源：Opensource.com + +JavaScript 是一种充满惊喜的编程语言。许多人第一次遇到 JavaScript 时，它通常是作为一种 Web 语言出现的。所有主流浏览器都有一个 JavaScript 引擎；并且，还有一些流行的框架，如 JQuery、Cash 和 Bootstrap 等，它们可以帮助简化网页设计；甚至还有用 JavaScript 编写的编程环境。它似乎在互联网上无处不在，但事实证明，它对于 [Electron][2] 等项目来说也是一种有用的语言。Electron 是一个构建跨平台桌面应用程序的开源工具包，它使用的语言就是 JavaScript。 + +JavaScript 语言的用途多到令人惊讶，它拥有各种各样的库，而不仅仅是用于制作网站。它的基础知识十分容易掌握，因此，它可以一个起点，助你跨出构建你想象中的东西的第一步。 + +### 安装 JavaScript + +随着你的 JavaScript 水平不断提高，你可能会发现自己需要高级的 JavaScript 库和运行时。不过，刚开始学习的时候，你是根本不需要安装 JavaScript 的。因为所有主流的 Web 浏览器都包含一个 JavaScript 引擎来运行代码。你可以使用自己喜欢的文本编辑器编写 JavaScript，将其加载到 Web 浏览器中，接着你就能看到代码的作用。 + +### 上手 JavaScript + +要编写你的第一个 JavaScript 代码，请打开你喜欢的文本编辑器，例如 [Notepad++][3]、[Atom][4] 或 [VSCode][5] 等。因为它是为 Web 开发的，所以 JavaScript 可以很好地与 HTML 配合使用。因此，我们先来尝试一些基本的 HTML： + +``` + +  +    JS +  +  +   

Nothing here.

+  + +``` + +保存这个文件，然后在 Web 浏览器中打开它。 + +![浏览器中显示的 HTML][6] + +要将 JavaScript 添加到这个简单的 HTML 页面，你可以创建一个 JavaScript 文件并在页面的 `` 中引用它，或者只需使用 ` + +  + +``` + +在浏览器中重新加载页面。 + +![在浏览器中显示带有 JavaScript 的 HTML][7] + +如你所见，`

` 标签仍然包含字符串 “Nothing here”，但是当它被渲染时，JavaScript 会改变它，使其包含 “Hello world”。是的，JavaScript 具有重建​​（或只是帮助构建）网页的能力。 + +这个简单脚本中的 JavaScript 做了两件事。首先，它创建一个名为 `myvariable` 的变量，并将字符串 “Hello world!” 放置其中。然后，它会在当前文档（浏览器呈现的网页）中搜索 ID 为 “example” 的所有 HTML 元素。当它找到 `example` 时，它使用了 `innerHTML` 函数将 HTML 元素的内容替换为 `myvariable` 的内容。 + +当然，我们也可以不用自定义变量。因为，使用动态创建的内容来填充 HTML 元素也是容易的。例如，你可以使用当前时间戳来填充它： + +``` + +  +    JS +  +  +   

Date and time appears here.

+ +    +    +  + +``` + +重新加载页面，你就可以看到在呈现页面时生成的时间戳。再重新加载几次，你可以观察到秒数会不断增加。 + +### JavaScript 语法 + +在编程中，语法syntax 指的是如何编写句子（或“行”）的规则。在 JavaScript 中，每行代码必须以分号（`;`）结尾，以便运行代码的 JavaScript 引擎知道何时停止阅读。（LCTT 译注：从实用角度看，此处的“必须”其实是不正确的，大多数 JS 引擎都支持不加分号。Vue.js 的作者尤雨溪认为“没有应该不应该，只有你自己喜欢不喜欢”，他同时表示，“Vue.js 的代码全部不带分号”。详情可以查看他在知乎上对于此问题的 [回答][10]。） + +单词（或 “字符串”strings）必须用引号（`"`）括起来，而数字（或 “整数”integers）则不用。 + +几乎所有其他东西都是 JavaScript 语言的约定，例如变量、数组、条件语句、对象、函数等等。 + +### 在 JavaScript 中创建变量 + +变量是数据的容器。你可以将变量视为一个盒子，你在其中放置数据，以便与程序的其他部分共享它。要在 JavaScript 中创建变量，你可以选用关键字 `let` 和 `var` 中的一个，请根据你打算如何使用变量来选择：`var` 关键字用于创建一个供整个程序使用的变量，而 `let` 只为特定目的创建变量，通常在函数或循环的内部使用。（LCTT 译注：还有 `const` 关键字，它用于创建一个常量。） + +JavaScript 内置的 `typeof` 函数可以帮助你识别变量包含的数据的类型。使用第一个示例，你可以修改显示文本，来显示 `myvariable` 包含的数据的类型： + +``` + +let myvariable = "Hello world!"; +document.getElementById("example").innerHTML = typeof(myvariable); + +``` + +接着，你就会发现 Web 浏览器中显示出 “string” 字样，因为该变量包含的数据是 “Hello world!”。在 `myvariable` 中存储不同类型的数据（例如整数），浏览器就会把不同的数据类型打印到示例网页上。尝试将 `myvariable` 的内容更改为你喜欢的数字，然后重新加载页面。 + +### 在 JavaScript 中创建函数 + +编程中的函数是独立的数据处理器。正是它们使编程得以 *模块化*。因为函数的存在，程序员可以编写通用库，例如​​，调整图像大小或统计时间花费的库，以供其他和你一样的程序员在他们的代码中使用。 + +要创建一个函数，你可以为函数提供一个自定义名称，后面跟着用大括号括起来的、任意数量的代码。 + +下面是一个简单的网页，其中包含了一个剪裁过的图像，还有一个分析图像并返回真实图像尺寸的按钮。在这个示例代码中，` +    +    +   
+      +   
+    +    +    +  + +``` + +保存这个文件，并将其加载到 Web 浏览器中以尝试这段代码。 + +![自定义的 get_size 函数返回了图像尺寸][8] + +### 使用 JavaScript 的跨平台应用程序 + +您可以从代码示例中看到，JavaScript 和 HTML 紧密协作，从而创建了有凝聚力的用户体验。这是 JavaScript 的一大优势。当您使用 JavaScript 编写代码时，您继承了现代计算中最常见的用户界面之一，而它与平台无关，那就是 Web 浏览器。您的代码本质上是跨平台的，因此您的应用程序，无论是简单的图像大小分析器还是复杂的图像编辑器、视频游戏，或者您梦想的任何其他东西，都可以被所有人使用，无论是通过 Web 浏览器，还是桌面（如果你同时提供了一个 Electron 应用）。 + +学习 JavaScript 既简单又有趣。网络上有很多网站提供了相关教程，还有超过一百万个 JavaScript 库可帮助您与设备、外围设备、物联网、服务器、文件系统等进行交互。在您学习的过程中，请将我们的 [JavaScript 备忘单][9] 放在身边，以便记住语法和结构的细节。 + +正文配图源自：Seth Kenlon，CC BY-SA 4.0 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/21/7/javascript-cheat-sheet + +作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/code2.png +[2]: https://www.electronjs.org/ +[3]: https://opensource.com/article/16/12/notepad-text-editor +[4]: https://opensource.com/article/20/12/atom +[5]: https://opensource.com/article/20/6/open-source-alternatives-vs-code +[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/pictures/plain-html.jpg +[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/html-javascript.jpg +[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/get-size.jpg +[9]: https://opensource.com/downloads/javascript-cheat-sheet +[10]: https://www.zhihu.com/question/20298345/answer/49551142 From f14f9ceae59d3827ea742037047180af697d23e9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Mon, 13 Jun 2022 12:36:43 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 65/75] Update 20210722 Write your first JavaScript code.md --- translated/tech/20210722 Write your first JavaScript code.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/20210722 Write your first JavaScript code.md b/translated/tech/20210722 Write your first JavaScript code.md index 4d607cb6f1..ea49e75a22 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20210722 Write your first JavaScript code.md +++ b/translated/tech/20210722 Write your first JavaScript code.md @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ JavaScript 是为 Web 而生的，但它可以做的事远不止于此。本文 JavaScript 是一种充满惊喜的编程语言。许多人第一次遇到 JavaScript 时，它通常是作为一种 Web 语言出现的。所有主流浏览器都有一个 JavaScript 引擎；并且，还有一些流行的框架，如 JQuery、Cash 和 Bootstrap 等，它们可以帮助简化网页设计；甚至还有用 JavaScript 编写的编程环境。它似乎在互联网上无处不在，但事实证明，它对于 [Electron][2] 等项目来说也是一种有用的语言。Electron 是一个构建跨平台桌面应用程序的开源工具包，它使用的语言就是 JavaScript。 -JavaScript 语言的用途多到令人惊讶，它拥有各种各样的库，而不仅仅是用于制作网站。它的基础知识十分容易掌握，因此，它可以一个起点，助你跨出构建你想象中的东西的第一步。 +JavaScript 语言的用途多到令人惊讶，它拥有各种各样的库，而不仅仅是用于制作网站。它的基础知识十分容易掌握，因此，它可以作为一个起点，助你跨出构建你想象中的东西的第一步。 ### 安装 JavaScript From 6fdf7f091c27fb342cf784c6a90a77931d1aca07 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Mon, 13 Jun 2022 12:37:52 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 66/75] Update 20210722 Write your first JavaScript code.md --- translated/tech/20210722 Write your first JavaScript code.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/20210722 Write your first JavaScript code.md b/translated/tech/20210722 Write your first JavaScript code.md index ea49e75a22..ef08bc948a 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20210722 Write your first JavaScript code.md +++ b/translated/tech/20210722 Write your first JavaScript code.md @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ JavaScript 语言的用途多到令人惊讶，它拥有各种各样的库，而 ![浏览器中显示的 HTML][6] -要将 JavaScript 添加到这个简单的 HTML 页面，你可以创建一个 JavaScript 文件并在页面的 `` 中引用它，或者只需使用 `