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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (wxy)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
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[#]: publisher: (wxy)
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[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-11452-1.html)
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[#]: subject: (RPM packages explained)
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[#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/rpm-packages-explained/)
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[#]: author: (Ankur Sinha "FranciscoD" https://fedoramagazine.org/author/ankursinha/)
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@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ RPM 包初窥
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![][1]
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也许，Fedora 社区追求其[促进自由和开源的软件和内容的使命][2]的最著名方法就是开发 [Fedora 软件发行版][3]了。因此，我们将很大一部分的社区资源用于此任务也就不足为奇了。这篇文章总结了这些软件是如何“打包”的，以及使之成为可能的基础工具，如 `rpm` 之类。
|
||||
也许，Fedora 社区追求其[促进自由和开源的软件及内容的使命][2]的最著名的方式就是开发 [Fedora 软件发行版][3]了。因此，我们将很大一部分的社区资源用于此任务也就不足为奇了。这篇文章总结了这些软件是如何“打包”的，以及使之成为可能的基础工具，如 `rpm` 之类。
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### RPM：最小的软件单元
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用户可以选择的“版本”和“风味版”（[spins][4] / [labs][5] / [silverblue][6]）其实非常相似。它们都是由各种软件组成的，这些软件经过混合和搭配，可以很好地协同工作。它们之间的不同之处在于放入其中的具体工具不同。这种选择取决于它们所针对的用例。所有这些的“版本”和“风味版”基本组成单位是 RPM 软件包文件。
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可供用户选择的“版本”和“风味版”（[spins][4] / [labs][5] / [silverblue][6]）其实非常相似。它们都是由各种软件组成的，这些软件经过混合和搭配，可以很好地协同工作。它们之间的不同之处在于放入其中的具体工具不同。这种选择取决于它们所针对的用例。所有这些的“版本”和“风味版”基本组成单位都是 RPM 软件包文件。
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RPM 文件是类似于 ZIP 文件或 tarball 的存档文件。实际上，它们使用了压缩来减小存档文件的大小。但是，除了文件之外，RPM 存档中还包含有关软件包的元数据。可以使用 `rpm` 工具查询：
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@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ Complete!
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从上面可以看到，dnfdragora 似乎提供了 `dnf` 的所有主要功能。
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Fedora 中还有其他工具也可以管理软件包，GNOME 的“软件”和“发现”就是其中两个。GNOME “软件”仅专注于图形应用程序。你无法使用这个图形化前端来安装命令行或终端工具，例如 `htop` 或 `weechat`。但是，GNOME “软件”支持安装 `dnf` 所不支持的 [Flatpak][12] 和 Snap 应用程序。它们是针对不同目标受众的不同工具，因此提供了不同的功能。
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Fedora 中还有其他工具也可以管理软件包，GNOME 的“<ruby>软件<rt>Software</rt></ruby>”和“<ruby>发现<rt>Discover</rt></ruby>”就是其中两个。GNOME “软件”仅专注于图形应用程序。你无法使用这个图形化前端来安装命令行或终端工具，例如 `htop` 或 `weechat`。但是，GNOME “软件”支持安装 `dnf` 所不支持的 [Flatpak][12] 和 Snap 应用程序。它们是针对不同目标受众的不同工具，因此提供了不同的功能。
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这篇文章仅触及到了 Fedora 软件的生命周期的冰山一角。本文介绍了什么是 RPM 软件包，以及使用 `rpm` 和 `dnf` 的主要区别。
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@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ via: https://fedoramagazine.org/rpm-packages-explained/
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作者：[Ankur Sinha "FranciscoD"][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (laingke)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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||||
[#]: url: ( )
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||||
[#]: subject: (Java still relevant, Linux desktop, and more industry trends)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/9/java-relevant-and-more-industry-trends)
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[#]: author: (Tim Hildred https://opensource.com/users/thildred)
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Java still relevant, Linux desktop, and more industry trends
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======
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A weekly look at open source community and industry trends.
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![Person standing in front of a giant computer screen with numbers, data][1]
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As part of my role as a senior product marketing manager at an enterprise software company with an open source development model, I publish a regular update about open source community, market, and industry trends for product marketers, managers, and other influencers. Here are five of my and their favorite articles from that update.
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## [Is Java still relevant?][2]
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> Mike Milinkovich, executive director of the Eclipse Foundation, which oversees Java Enterprise Edition (now Jakarta EE), also believes Java itself is going to evolve to support these technologies. “I think that’s there’s going to be changes to Java that go from the JVM all the way up,” said Milinkovich. “So any new features in the JVM which will help integrate the JVM with Docker containers and be able to do a better job of instrumenting Docker containers within Kubernetes is definitely going to be a big help. So we are going to be looking for Java SE to evolve in that direction.”
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**The impact**: A completely open source release of Java Enterprise Edition as Jakarta EE lays the groundwork for years of Java development to come. Some of Java's relevance comes from the mind-boggling sums that have been spent developing in it and the years of experience that software developers have in solving problems with it. Combine that with the innovation in the ecosystem (for example, see [Quarkus][3], or GraalVM), and the answer has to be "yes."
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## [GraalVM: The holy graal of polyglot JVM?][4]
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> While most of the hype around GraalVM has been around compiling JVM projects to native, we found plenty of value in its Polyglot APIs. GraalVM is a compelling and already fully useable alternative to Nashorn, though the migration path is still a little rocky, mostly due to a lack of documentation. Hopefully this post helps others find their way off of Nashorn and on to the holy graal.
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**The impact**: One of the best things that can happen with an open source project is if users start raving about some novel application of the technology that isn't even the headline use case. "Yeah yeah, sounds great but we don't even turn that thing on... this other piece though!"
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## [Call me crazy, but Windows 11 could run on Linux][5]
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> Microsoft has already been doing some of the needed work. [Windows Subsystem for Linux][6] (WSL) developers have been working on mapping Linux API calls to Windows, and vice versa. With the first version of WSL, Microsoft connected the dots between Windows-native libraries and programs and Linux. At the time, [Carmen Crincoli tweeted][7]: “2017 is finally the year of Linux on the Desktop. It’s just that the Desktop is Windows.” Who is Carmen Crincoli? Microsoft’s manager of partnerships with storage and independent hardware vendors.
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**The impact**: [Project Hieroglyph][8] builds on the premise that "a good science fiction work posits one vision for the future... that is built on a foundation of realism [that]... invites us to consider the complex ways our choices and interactions contribute to generating the future." Could Microsoft's choices and interactions with the broader open source community lead to a sci-fi future? Stay tuned!
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## [Python is eating the world: How one developer's side project became the hottest programming language on the planet][9]
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> There are also questions over whether the makeup of bodies overseeing the development of the language — Python core developers and the Python Steering Council — could better reflect the diverse user base of Python users in 2019.
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>
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> "I would like to see better representation across all the diverse metrics, not just in terms of gender balance, but also race and everything else," says Wijaya.
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>
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> "At PyCon I spoke to [PyLadies][10] members from India and Africa. They commented that, 'When we hear about Python or PyLadies, we think about people in North America or Canada, where in reality there are big user bases in other parts of the world. Why aren't we seeing more of them?' I think it makes so much sense. So I definitely would like to see that happening, and I think we all need to do our part."
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**The impact**: In these troubled times who doesn't want to hear about a benevolent dictator turning the reigns of their project over to the people who are using it the most?
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_I hope you enjoyed this list of what stood out to me from last week and come back next Monday for more open source community, market, and industry trends._
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/19/9/java-relevant-and-more-industry-trends
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作者：[Tim Hildred][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[laingke](https://github.com/laingke)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/thildred
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/data_metrics_analytics_desktop_laptop.png?itok=9QXd7AUr (Person standing in front of a giant computer screen with numbers, data)
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[2]: https://sdtimes.com/java/is-java-still-relevant/
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[3]: https://github.com/quarkusio/quarkus
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[4]: https://www.transposit.com/blog/2019.01.02-graalvm-holy/?c=hn
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[5]: https://www.computerworld.com/article/3438856/call-me-crazy-but-windows-11-could-run-on-linux.html#tk.rss_operatingsystems
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[6]: https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/wsl/
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[7]: https://twitter.com/CarmenCrincoli/status/862714516257226752
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[8]: https://hieroglyph.asu.edu/2016/04/what-is-the-purpose-of-science-fiction-stories/
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[9]: https://www.techrepublic.com/article/python-is-eating-the-world-how-one-developers-side-project-became-the-hottest-programming-language-on-the-planet/
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[10]: https://www.pyladies.com/
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@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: ( )
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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||||
[#]: subject: (Blockchain 2.0 – Introduction To Hyperledger Fabric [Part 10])
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||||
[#]: via: (https://www.ostechnix.com/blockchain-2-0-introduction-to-hyperledger-fabric/)
|
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[#]: author: (sk https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/)
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Blockchain 2.0 – Introduction To Hyperledger Fabric [Part 10]
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======
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![Hyperledger Fabric][1]
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### Hyperledger Fabric
|
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The [**Hyperledger project**][2] is an umbrella organization of sorts featuring many different modules and systems under development. Among the most popular among these individual sub-projects is the **Hyperledger Fabric**. This post will explore the features that would make the Fabric almost indispensable in the near future once blockchain systems start proliferating into main stream use. Towards the end we will also take a quick look at what developers and enthusiasts need to know regarding the technicalities of the Hyperledger Fabric.
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### Inception
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In the usual fashion for the Hyperledger project, Fabric was “donated” to the organization by one of its core members, **IBM** , who was previously the principle developer of the same. The technology platform shared by IBM was put to joint development at the Hyperledger project with contributions from over a 100 member companies and institutions.
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Currently running on **v1.4** of the LTS version, Fabric has come a long way and is currently seen as the go to enterprise solution for managing business data. The core vision that surrounds the Hyperledger project inevitably permeates into the Fabric as well. The Hyperledger Fabric system carries forward all the enterprise ready and scalable features that are hard coded into all projects under the Hyperledger organization.
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### Highlights Of Hyperledger Fabric
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Hyperledger Fabric offers a wide variety of features and standards that are built around the mission of supporting fast development and modular architectures. Furthermore, compared to its competitors (primarily **Ripple** and [**Ethereum**][3]), Fabric takes an explicit stance toward closed and [**permissioned blockchains**][4]. Their core objective here is to develop a set of tools which will aid blockchain developers in creating customized solutions and not to create a standalone ecosystem or a product.
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Some of the highlights of the Hyperledger Fabric are given below:
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* **Permissioned blockchain systems**
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This is a category where other platforms such as Ethereum and Ripple differ quite a lot with Hyperledger Fabric. The Fabric by default is a tool designed to implement a private permissioned blockchain. Such blockchains cannot be accessed by everyone and the nodes working to offer consensus or to verify transactions are chosen by a central authority. This might be important for some applications such as banking and insurance, where transactions have to be verified by the central authority rather than participants.
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* **Confidential and controlled information flow**
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The Fabric has built in permission systems that will restrict information flow within a specific group or certain individuals as the case may be. Unlike a public blockchain where anyone and everyone who runs a node will have a copy and selective access to data stored in the blockchain, the admin of the system can choose how to and who to share access to the information. There are also subsystems which will encrypt the stored data at better security standards compared to existing competition.
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* **Plug and play architecture**
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Hyperledger Fabric has a plug and play type architecture. Individual components of the system may be chosen to be implemented and components of the system that developers don’t see a use for maybe discarded. The Fabric takes a highly modular and customizable route to development rather than a one size fits all approach taken by its competitors. This is especially attractive for firms and companies looking to build a lean system fast. This combined with the interoperability of the Fabric with other Hyperledger components implies that developers and designers now have access to a diverse set of standardized tools instead of having to pull code from different sources and integrate them afterwards. It also presents a rather fail-safe way to build robust modular systems.
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* **Smart contracts and chaincode**
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A distributed application running on a blockchain is called a [**Smart contract**][5]. While the smart contract term is more or less associated with the Ethereum platform, chaincode is the name given to the same in the Hyperledger camp. Apart from possessing all the benefits of **DApps** being present in chaincode applications, what sets Hyperledger apart is the fact that the code for the same may be written in multiple high-level programming language. It supports [**Go**][6] and **JavaScript** out of the box and supports many other after integration with appropriate compiler modules as well. Though this fact might not mean much at this point, the fact remains that if existing talent can be used for ongoing projects involving blockchain that has the potential to save companies billions of dollars in personnel training and management in the long run. Developers can code in languages they’re comfortable in to start building applications on the Hyperledger Fabric and need not learn nor train in platform specific languages and syntax. This presents flexibility which current competitors of the Hyperledger Fabric do not offer.
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* The Hyperledger Fabric is a back-end driver platform and is mainly aimed at integration projects where a blockchain or another distributed ledger technology is required. As such it does not provide any user facing services except for minor scripting capabilities. (Think of it to be more like a scripting language.)
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* Hyperledger Fabric supports building sidechains for specific use-cases. In case, the developer wishes to isolate a set of users or participants to a specific part or functionality of the application, they may do so by implementing side-chains. Side-chains are blockchains that derive from a main parent, but form a different chain after their initial block. This block which gives rise to the new chain will stay immune to further changes in the new chain and the new chain remains immutable even if new information is added to the original chain. This functionality will aid in scaling the platform being developed and usher in user specific and case specific processing capabilities.
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* The previous feature also means that not all users will have an “exact” copy of all the data in the blockchain as is expected usually from public chains. Participating nodes will have a copy of data that is only relevant to them. For instance, consider an application similar to PayTM in India. The app has wallet functionality as well as an e-commerce end. However, not all its wallet users use PayTM to shop online. In this scenario, only active shoppers will have the corresponding chain of transactions on the PayTM e-commerce site, whereas the wallet users will just have a copy of the chain that stores wallet transactions. This flexible architecture for data storage and retrieval is important while scaling, since massive singular blockchains have been shown to increase lead times for processing transactions. The chain can be kept lean and well categorised this way.
|
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|
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|
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We will look at other modules under the Hyperledger Project in detail in upcoming posts.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
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via: https://www.ostechnix.com/blockchain-2-0-introduction-to-hyperledger-fabric/
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|
||||
作者：[sk][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
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|
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[a]: https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7
|
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[2]: https://www.ostechnix.com/blockchain-2-0-an-introduction-to-hyperledger-project-hlp/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.ostechnix.com/blockchain-2-0-what-is-ethereum/
|
||||
[4]: https://www.ostechnix.com/blockchain-2-0-public-vs-private-blockchain-comparison/
|
||||
[5]: https://www.ostechnix.com/blockchain-2-0-explaining-smart-contracts-and-its-types/
|
||||
[6]: https://www.ostechnix.com/install-go-language-linux/
|
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@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (laingke)
|
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Java still relevant, Linux desktop, and more industry trends)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/9/java-relevant-and-more-industry-trends)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Tim Hildred https://opensource.com/users/thildred)
|
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|
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每周开源点评：Java 仍然相关，Linux 桌面，以及更多的行业趋势
|
||||
======
|
||||
开源社区和行业趋势的每周总览。
|
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![Person standing in front of a giant computer screen with numbers, data][1]
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作为我在具有开源开发模型的企业软件公司担任高级产品营销经理的角色的一部分，我为产品营销人员、经理和其他影响者定期发布有关开源社区，市场和行业趋势的定期更新。 以下是该更新中我和他们最喜欢的五篇文章。
|
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|
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## [Java 仍然有用吗？][2]
|
||||
|
||||
> 负责 Java Enterprise Edition（现为 Jakarta EE）的 Eclipse 基金会执行董事 Mike Milinkovich 也认为 Java 本身将会发展以支持这些技术。“我认为 Java 将从 JVM 一直到 Java 本身都将发生变化，”Milinkovich 表示，“因此，JVM 中任何有助于将 JVM 与 Docker 容器集成在一起的新特性，以及能够更好地在 Kubernetes 中对 Docker 容器进行检测，都将是一个巨大的帮助。因此，我们将期待 Java SE 朝着这个方向发展。”
|
||||
|
||||
**影响**：Jakarta EE 是 Java Enterprise Edition 的完全开源版本，奠定了 Java 未来发展的基础。Java 的一些有用论来自于在用 Java 开发中花费的令人难以置信的成本，以及软件开发人员在用它解决问题方面的多年经验。将其与生态系统中的创新相结合（例如，请参见 [Quarkus][3] 或 GraalVM），答案必须是“是”。
|
||||
|
||||
## [GraalVM：多语言 JVM 的圣城？][4]
|
||||
|
||||
> 虽然大多数关于 GraalVM 的宣传都是围绕着将 JVM 项目编译成原生的，但是我们仍可以发现它的 Polyglot API 有很多价值。GraalVM 是一个引人注目的、已经完全可以用来替代 Nashorn 的选择，尽管迁移的路径仍然有一些困难，主要原因是缺乏文档。希望这篇文章能帮助其他人找到离开 Nashorn 前往圣城的路。
|
||||
|
||||
**影响**：对于开放源码项目来说，最好的事情之一就是用户开始对一些新奇的应用程序赞不绝口，而这些应用程序甚至不是最重要的用例。“是的，听起来不错，我们甚至没有使用过那个功能（指在 JVM 上运行本地语言）……，（都可以感受得到它的优势，）然而我们使用了它的另一个功能（指 Polyglot API）！”
|
||||
|
||||
## [你可以说我疯了，但 Windows 11 或可以在 Linux 上运行][5]
|
||||
|
||||
> 微软已经做了一些必要的工作。[适用于 Linux 的 Windows 子系统][6]（WSL）的开发人员一直在致力于将 Linux API 调用映射到 Windows 中，反之亦然。在 WSL 的第一个版本中, 微软将 Windows 本地库、程序以及 Linux 之间的关键点连接起来了。当时，[Carmen Crincoli 发推文称][7]：“2017 年终于是 Linux 在桌面上的一年。区别仅仅是它的桌面环境是 Windows 的。”Carmen Crincoli 是什么人？微软与存储和独立硬件供应商的合作伙伴经理。
|
||||
|
||||
**影响**：[Hieroglyph 项目][8] 的前提是“一部好的科幻小说都有一个对未来的愿景……是建立在现实主义的基础上的……（而这）引发我们思考自己的选择和互动对创造未来做出贡献的复杂方式。”微软的选择以及与更广泛的开源社区的互动是否可以导致科幻的未来？敬请关注！
|
||||
|
||||
## [Python 正在吞噬世界：一个开发人员的业余项目如何成为地球上最热门的编程语言][9]
|
||||
|
||||
> 还有一个问题是，监督语言开发的机构——Python 核心开发人员和 Python 指导委员会的组成是否能更好地反映 2019 年 Python 用户群的多样性。
|
||||
>
|
||||
> Wijaya 称：“我希望看到在所有不同指标上都有更好的代表，不仅在性别平衡方面，而且在种族和其它所有方面。”
|
||||
>
|
||||
> “在 PyCon 上，我与来自印度和非洲的 [PyLadies][10] 成员进行了交谈。他们评论说：‘当我们听说 Python 或 PyLadies 时，我们想到的是北美或加拿大的人，而实际上，世界其它地区的用户群很大。为什么我们看不到更多？’我认为这很有意义。因此，我绝对希望看到这种情况发生，我认为我们都需要尽自己的一份力量。”
|
||||
|
||||
**影响**: 在这个动荡的时代，谁不想听到一个仁慈的独裁者把他们项目的统治权移交给最经常使用它的人呢？
|
||||
|
||||
_我希望你喜欢这张上周让我印象深刻的列表，并在下周一回来了解更多的开放源码社区、市场和行业趋势。_
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/9/java-relevant-and-more-industry-trends
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Tim Hildred][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[laingke](https://github.com/laingke)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/thildred
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/data_metrics_analytics_desktop_laptop.png?itok=9QXd7AUr (Person standing in front of a giant computer screen with numbers, data)
|
||||
[2]: https://sdtimes.com/java/is-java-still-relevant/
|
||||
[3]: https://github.com/quarkusio/quarkus
|
||||
[4]: https://www.transposit.com/blog/2019.01.02-graalvm-holy/?c=hn
|
||||
[5]: https://www.computerworld.com/article/3438856/call-me-crazy-but-windows-11-could-run-on-linux.html#tk.rss_operatingsystems
|
||||
[6]: https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/wsl/
|
||||
[7]: https://twitter.com/CarmenCrincoli/status/862714516257226752
|
||||
[8]: https://hieroglyph.asu.edu/2016/04/what-is-the-purpose-of-science-fiction-stories/
|
||||
[9]: https://www.techrepublic.com/article/python-is-eating-the-world-how-one-developers-side-project-became-the-hottest-programming-language-on-the-planet/
|
||||
[10]: https://www.pyladies.com/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Blockchain 2.0 – Introduction To Hyperledger Fabric [Part 10])
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://www.ostechnix.com/blockchain-2-0-introduction-to-hyperledger-fabric/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (sk https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/)
|
||||
|
||||
区块链 2.0：Hyperledger Fabric 介绍（十）
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
![Hyperledger Fabric][1]
|
||||
|
||||
### Hyperledger Fabric
|
||||
|
||||
[Hyperledger 项目][2] 是一个伞形组织，具有许多正在开发的不同模块和系统。在这些子项目中，最受欢迎的是 “Hyperledger Fabric”。这篇博文将探讨一旦区块链系统开始大量使用到主流，将使 Fabric 在不久的将来几乎不可或缺的功能。最后，我们还将快速了解开发人员和爱好者们需要了解的有关 Hyperledger Fabric 技术的知识。
|
||||
|
||||
### 起始时间
|
||||
|
||||
按照 Hyperledger 项目的常规方式，Fabric 由其核心成员之一 IBM “捐赠”给该组织，而 IBM 以前是该组织的主要开发者。IBM 共享的这个技术平台在 Hyperledger 项目中进行了联合开发，来自 100 多个成员公司和机构为之做出了贡献。
|
||||
|
||||
目前，Fabric 正处于 LTS 版本的 v1.4，该版本已经发展很长一段路，并且被视为企业管理业务数据的解决方案。Hyperledger 项目的核心愿景也不可避免地渗透到了 Fabric 中。Hyperledger Fabric 系统继承了所有企业级的可扩展功能，这些功能已深深地刻入到 Hyperledger 组织下的所有项目中。
|
||||
|
||||
### Hyperledger Fabric 的亮点
|
||||
|
||||
Hyperledger Fabric 提供了多种功能和标准，这些功能和标准围绕支持快速开发和模块化体系结构的使命而构建。此外，与竞争对手（主要是瑞波和[以太坊][3]）相比，Fabric 对封闭和[许可区块链][4]采取了明确的立场。它们的核心目标是开发一套工具，这些工具将帮助区块链开发人员创建定制的解决方案，而不是创建独立的生态系统或产品。
|
||||
|
||||
Hyperledger Fabric 的一些亮点如下：
|
||||
|
||||
#### 许可区块链系统
|
||||
|
||||
这是一个 Hyperledger Fabric 与其他平台（如以太坊和瑞波）差异很大的类别。默认情况下，Fabric 是一种旨在实现私有许可的区块链的工具。此类区块链不能被任何人访问，并且致力于达成共识或验证交易的节点由中央机构选择。这对于某些应用（例如银行和保险）可能很重要，在这些应用中，交易必须由中央机构而不是参与者来验证。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 机密和受控的信息流
|
||||
|
||||
Fabric 内置了权限系统，该权限系统将视情况限制特定组或某些个人中的信息流。与公有区块链不同，在公有区块链中，任何运行节点的人都可以对存储在区块链中的数据进行复制和选择性访问，而 Fabric 系统的管理员可以选择谁能访问共享信息，以及访问的方式。与现有竞争产品相比，它还有以更好的安全性标准对存储的数据进行加密的子系统。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 即插即用架构
|
||||
|
||||
Hyperledger Fabric 具有即插即用类型的体系结构。可以选择实施系统的各个组件，而开发人员看不到用处的系统组件可能会被废弃。Fabric 采取高度模块化和可定制的方式进行开发，而不是一种与其竞争对手采用的一种方法适应所有需求的方式。对于希望快速构建精益系统的公司和公司而言，这尤其有吸引力。这与 Fabric 与其它 Hyperledger 组件的互操作性相结合，意味着开发人员和设计人员现在可以使用各种标准化工具，而不必从其他来源提取代码并随后进行集成。 它还提供了一种相当可靠的方式来构建健壮的模块化系统。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 智能合约和链码
|
||||
|
||||
运行在区块链上的分布式应用程序称为[智能合约][5]。虽然智能合约这个术语或多或少与以太坊平台相关联，但<ruby>链码<rt>chaincode</rt></ruby>是在 Hyperledger 阵营中为其赋予的名称。链码应用程序除了拥有 DApps 中存在的所有优点之外，使 Hyperledger 与众不同的是，该应用程序的代码可以用多种高级编程语言编写。它本身支持 [Go][6] 和 JavaScript，并且在与适当的编译器模块集成后还支持许多其他语言。尽管这一事实在此时可能并不意味着什么，但这意味着，如果可以将现有人才用于正在进行的涉及区块链的项目，从长远来看，这有可能为公司节省数十亿美元的人员培训和管理费用。开发人员可以使用自己喜欢的语言进行编码，从而在 Hyperledger Fabric 上开始构建应用程序，而无需学习或培训平台特定的语言和语法。这提供了 Hyperledger Fabric 当前竞争对手无法提供的灵活性。
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结
|
||||
|
||||
* Hyperledger Fabric 是一个后端驱动程序平台，是一个主要针对需要区块链或其它分布式账本技术的集成项目。因此，除了次要的脚本功能外，它不提供任何面向用户的服务。（认可以为它更像是一种脚本语言。）
|
||||
* Hyperledger Fabric 支持针对特定用例构建侧链。如果开发人员希望将一组用户或参与者隔离到应用程序的特定部分或功能，则可以通过侧链来实现。侧链是衍生自主要父代的区块链，但在其初始块之后形成不同的链。产生新链的块将不受新链进一步变化的影响，即使将新信息添加到原始链中，新链也将保持不变。此功能将有助于扩展正在开发的平台，并引入用户特定和案例特定的处理功能。
|
||||
* 先前的功能还意味着并非所有用户都会像通常对公有链所期望的那样拥有区块链中所有数据的“精确”副本。参与节点将具有仅与之相关的数据副本。例如，假设一个类似于印度的 PayTM 的应用程序。该应用程序具有钱包功能以及电子商务功能。但是，并非所有的钱包用户都使用 PayTM 在线购物。在这种情况下，只有活跃的购物者将在 PayTM 电子商务网站上拥有相应的交易链，而钱包用户将仅拥有存储钱包交易的链的副本。这种灵活的数据存储和检索体系结构在扩展时非常重要，因为大量的单链区块链已经显示出会增加处理交易的前置时间。这样可以保持链的精简和分类。
|
||||
|
||||
我们将在以后的文章中详细介绍 Hyperledger Project 下的其他模块。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.ostechnix.com/blockchain-2-0-introduction-to-hyperledger-fabric/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[sk][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7
|
||||
[2]: https://www.ostechnix.com/blockchain-2-0-an-introduction-to-hyperledger-project-hlp/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.ostechnix.com/blockchain-2-0-what-is-ethereum/
|
||||
[4]: https://www.ostechnix.com/blockchain-2-0-public-vs-private-blockchain-comparison/
|
||||
[5]: https://www.ostechnix.com/blockchain-2-0-explaining-smart-contracts-and-its-types/
|
||||
[6]: https://www.ostechnix.com/install-go-language-linux/
|
||||
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user