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[Translated]How to Customize Bash Colors and Content in Linux Terminal Prompt
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#!/bin/bash
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sh -c "$(wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/LCTT/GetNewOne/master/gn1.sh -O -)"
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Translating by GOLinux!
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How to Customize Bash Colors and Content in Linux Terminal Prompt
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============================================================
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Today, Bash is the default shell in most (if not all) modern Linux distributions. However, you may have noticed that the text color in the terminal and the prompt content can be different from one distro to another.
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In case you have been wondering how to customize this for better accessibility or mere whim, keep reading – in this article we will explain how to do just that.
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### The PS1 Bash Environment Variable
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The command prompt and terminal appearance are governed by an environment variable called `PS1`. According to the Bash man page, PS1 represents the primary prompt string which is displayed when the shell is ready to read a command.
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The allowed content in PS1 consists of several backslash-escaped special characters whose meaning is listed in the PROMPTING section of the man page.
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To illustrate, let’s display the current content of `PS1` in our system (this may be somewhat different in your case):
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```
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$ echo $PS1
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[\u@\h \W]\$
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```
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We will now explain how to customize PS1 as per our needs.
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#### Customizing the PS1 Format
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According to the PROMPTING section in the man page, this is the meaning of each special character:
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1. `\u:` the username of the current user.
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2. `\h:` the hostname up to the first dot (.) in the Fully-Qualified Domain Name.
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3. `\W:` the basename of the current working directory, with $HOME abbreviated with a tilde (~).
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4. `\$:` If the current user is root, display #, $ otherwise.
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For example, we may want to consider adding `\!` If we want to display the history number of the current command, or `\H` if we want to display the FQDN instead of the short server name.
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In the following example we will import both into our current environment by executing this command:
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```
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PS1="[\u@\H \W \!]\$"
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```
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When you press Enter you will see that the prompt content changes as shown below. Compare the prompt before and after executing the above command:
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[
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][1]
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Customize Linux Terminal Prompt PS1
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Now let’s go one step further and change the color of the user and hostname in command prompt – both the text and its surrounding background.
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Actually, we can customize 3 aspects of the prompt:
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| Text Format | Foreground (text) color | Background color |
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| 0: normal text | 30: Black | 40: Black |
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| 1: bold | 31: Red | 41: Red |
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| 4: Underlined text | 32: Green | 42: Green |
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| | 33: Yellow | 43: Yellow |
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| | 34: Blue | 44: Blue |
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| | 35: Purple | 45: Purple |
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| | 36: Cyan | 46: Cyan |
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| | 37: White | 47: White |
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We will use the `\e` special character at the beginning and an `m` at the end to indicate that what follows is a color sequence.
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In this sequence the three values (background, format, and foreground) are separated by commas (if no value is given the default is assumed).
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**Suggested Read:** [Learn Bash Shell Scripting in Linux][2]
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Also, since the value ranges are different, it does not matter which one (background, format, or foreground) you specify first.
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For example, the following `PS1` will cause the prompt to appear in yellow underlined text with red background:
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```
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PS1="\e[41;4;33m[\u@\h \W]$ "
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```
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[
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][3]
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Change Linux Terminal Color Prompt PS1
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As good as it looks, this customization will only last for the current user session. If you close your terminal or exit the session, the changes will be lost.
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In order to make these changes permanent, you will have to add the following line to `~/.bashrc` or `~/.bash_profile` depending on your distribution:
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```
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PS1="\e[41;4;33m[\u@\h \W]$ "
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```
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Feel free to play around with the colors to find what works best for you.
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##### Summary
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In this article we have explained how to customize the color and content of your Bash prompt. If you have questions or suggestions about this post, feel free to use the comment form below to reach us. We look forward to hearing from you!
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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作者简介：Aaron Kili is a Linux and F.O.S.S enthusiast, an upcoming Linux SysAdmin, web developer, and currently a content creator for TecMint who loves working with computers and strongly believes in sharing knowledge.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.tecmint.com/customize-bash-colors-terminal-prompt-linux/
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作者：[Aaron Kili][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/aaronkili/
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[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Customize-Linux-Terminal-Prompt.png
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[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/category/bash-shell/
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[3]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Change-Linux-Terminal-Color-Prompt.png
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在 Linux 终端中自定义 Bash 配色和提示内容
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============================================================
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现今，（如果不是全部的话）大多数现代 Linux 发行版的默认 shell 都是 Bash。然而，你可能已经注意到这样一个现象，在各个发行版中，其终端配色和 提示内容都各不相同。
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如果你一直都在考虑怎样来定制以使它更好用，当然，你也可能只是心血来潮。不管怎样，继续读下去——本文将告诉你怎么做。
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### PS1 Bash 环境变量
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命令提示符和终端外观是通过一个叫`PS1`的变量来进行管理的。根据 Bash 手册页说明，PS1 表现了 shell 准备好读取命令时显示的基本提示字符串。
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PS1 所允许的内容由一些反斜杠转义的特殊字符组成，可以查看手册页中 PRMPTING 章节的内容来了解它们的含义。
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为了演示，让我们先来显示以下我们系统中`PS1`的当前内容吧（这或许看上去和你们的有那么点不同）：
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```
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$ echo $PS1
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[\u@\h \W]\$
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```
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现在，让我们来了解一下怎样自定义 PS1 吧，以满足我们各自的需求。
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#### 自定义 PS1 格式
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根据手册页 PROMPTING 章节的描述，下面对各个特殊字符的含义作如下说明：
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1. `\u:` 显示当前用户的用户名。
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2. `\h:` 完全合格域名中第一个点（.）之前的主机名。
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3. `\W:` 当前工作目录的基本名，对于 $HOME 通常简化使用波浪符号表示（~）。
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$$
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4. `\$:` 如果当前用户是 root，显示为 #，否则为 $。
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例如，如果我们想要显示当前命令的历史数量，可以考虑添加`\!`；如果我们想要显示 FQDN 而不是短服务器名，那么可以考虑添加`\H`。
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在下面的例子中，我们将同时将这两个特殊字符引入我们当前的环境中，命令如下：
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```
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PS1="[\u@\H \W \!]\$"
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```
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当你按下 Enter 键时，你将会看到提示内容会变成下面这样。你可以通过下面的命令来对比修改前和修改后的提示内容：
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[
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][1]
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自定义 Linux 终端提示符 PS1
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现在，让我们再深入一点，修改命令提示符中的用户名和主机名——同时修改文本和环境背景。
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实际上，我们可以对提示符进行 3 个方面的自定义：
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| 文本格式 | 前景色（文本） | 背景色 |
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| 0: 常规文本 | 30: 黑色 | 40: 黑色|
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| 1: 加粗 | 31: 红色 | 41: 红色 |
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| 4: 下划线文本 | 32: 绿色 | 42: 绿色 |
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| | 33: 黄色 | 43: 黄色 |
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| | 34: 蓝色 | 44: 蓝色 |
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| | 35: 紫色 | 45: 紫色 |
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| | 36: 青色 | 46: 青色 |
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| | 37: 白色 | 47: 白色 |
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我们将在开头使用`\e`特殊字符以及在结尾使用`m`来后面跟着的是颜色序列。
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在该序列中，三个值（背景，格式和前景）由逗号分隔（如果不赋值，则假定为默认值）。
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**建议阅读：** [在 Linux 中学习 Bash shell 脚本][2]
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此外，由于值的范围不同，指定（背景，格式，或者前景）的先后顺序没有关系。
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For example, the following `PS1` will cause the prompt to appear in yellow underlined text with red background:
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例如，下面的`PS1`将导致提示符出现黄色带下划线，并且背景为红色的文本：
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```
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PS1="\e[41;4;33m[\u@\h \W]$ "
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```
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[
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][3]
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修改 Linux 终端提示符配色 PS1
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虽然它看起来那么好，但是这个自定义将只会持续到当前用户会话结束。如果你关闭终端，或者退出本次会话，所有修改都会丢失。
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为了让修改永久生效，你必须将下面这行添加到`~/.bashrc`或者`~/.bash_profile`，这取决于你的版本。
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```
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PS1="\e[41;4;33m[\u@\h \W]$ "
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```
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尽情去玩耍吧，你可以尝试任何色彩，直到找出最适合你的。
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##### 小结
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在本文中，我们讲述了如何来自定义 Bash 提示符的配色和提示内容。如果你对本文还有什么问题或者建议，请在下面评论框中写下来吧。我们期待你们的声音。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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作者简介：Aaron Kili 是一位 Linux 及 F.O.S.S 的狂热爱好者，一位未来的 Linux 系统管理员，web 开发者，而当前是 TechMint 的内容创建者，他热爱计算机工作，并且信奉知识分享。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.tecmint.com/customize-bash-colors-terminal-prompt-linux/
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作者：[Aaron Kili][a]
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译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/aaronkili/
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[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Customize-Linux-Terminal-Prompt.png
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[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/category/bash-shell/
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[3]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Change-Linux-Terminal-Color-Prompt.png
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