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Merge remote-tracking branch 'LCTT/master'
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commit
c07a4ac1e6
@ -1,30 +1,30 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (wxy)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
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[#]: publisher: (wxy)
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[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-11892-1.html)
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[#]: subject: (Run multiple consoles at once with this open source window environment)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/1/multiple-consoles-twin)
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[#]: author: (Kevin Sonney https://opensource.com/users/ksonney)
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使用此开源窗口环境一次运行多个控制台
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使用开源窗口环境 twin 一次运行多个控制台
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======
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> 在我们的 20 个使用开源提升生产力的系列的第十四篇文章中用 twin 模拟了老式的 DESQview 体验。
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![Digital creative of a browser on the internet][1]
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![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202002/14/193658tlbyft0lbu44f0s3.jpg)
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去年,我在 19 天里给你介绍了 19 个新(对你而言)的生产力工具。今年,我换了一种方式:使用你在使用或者还没使用的工具,构建一个使你可以在新一年更加高效的环境。
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### 通过 twin 克服“一个屏幕,一个应用程序”的限制
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还有人记得 [DESQview][2] 吗?我们在 Windows、Linux 和 MacOS 中理所当然地可以在屏幕上同时运行多个程序,而它赋予了 DOS 同样的功能。在我运营拨号 BBS 服务的初期,DESQview 是必需的,它使我能够使 BBS 在后台运行,同时在前台进行其他操作。例如,当有人拨打电话时,我可能正在开发新功能或设置新的外部程序而不会影响他们的体验。后来,在我早期支持的时候,我可以同时运行我的工作电子邮件([MHS 上的 DaVinci 电子邮件] [3])、支持票证系统和其他 DOS 程序。这是令人吃惊的!
|
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还有人记得 [DESQview][2] 吗?我们在 Windows、Linux 和 MacOS 中理所当然地可以在屏幕上同时运行多个程序,而 DESQview 赋予了 DOS 同样的功能。在我运营拨号 BBS 服务的初期,DESQview 是必需的,它使我能够让 BBS 在后台运行,同时在前台进行其他操作。例如,当有人拨打电话时,我可能正在开发新功能或设置新的外部程序而不会影响他们的体验。后来,在我早期做支持工作的时候,我可以同时运行我的工作电子邮件([MHS 上的 DaVinci 电子邮件][3])、支持单据系统和其他 DOS 程序。这是令人吃惊的!
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![twin][4]
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从那时起,运行多个控制台应用程序的功能已经发展了很多。但是 [tmux][5] 和 [Screen][6] 等应用仍然遵循“一个屏幕,一个应用”的显示方式。好吧,是的,tmux 具有屏幕拆分和窗格,但是不像 DESQview 那样具有将窗口“浮动”在其他窗口上的功能,就我个人而言,我怀念那个功能。
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让我们来看看 [twin][7](文本模式窗口环境)。我认为,这个相对年轻的项目是 DESQview 的精神继任者。它支持控制台和图形环境,并具有与会话脱离和重新接驳的功能。设置起来并是那么容易,但是它可以在大多数现代操作系统上运行。
|
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让我们来看看 [twin][7](文本模式窗口环境)。我认为,这个相对年轻的项目是 DESQview 的精神继任者。它支持控制台和图形环境,并具有与会话脱离和重新接驳的功能。设置起来并不是那么容易,但是它可以在大多数现代操作系统上运行。
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Twin 是从源代码安装的(现在是这样)。但是首先,你需要安装所需的开发库。库名称将因操作系统而异。 以下示例显示了在我的 Ubuntu 19.10 系统中的情况。一旦安装了依赖库,请从 Git 中检出 twin 源代码,并运行 `./configure` 和 `make`,它们应自动检测所有内容并构建 twin:
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@ -37,11 +37,11 @@ make
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sudo make install
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```
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注意:如果要在 MacOS 或 BSD 上进行编译,则需要在运行 `make` 之前在文件 `include/Tw/autoconf.h` 和 `include/twautoconf.h` 中注释掉 `#define socklen_t int`。这应该在 [twin #57][9] 解决了。
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注意:如果要在 MacOS 或 BSD 上进行编译,则需要在运行 `make` 之前在文件 `include/Tw/autoconf.h` 和 `include/twautoconf.h` 中注释掉 `#define socklen_t int`。这个问题应该在 [twin #57][9] 解决了。
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![twin text mode][10]
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第一次调用 twin 是一个挑战。你需要通过 `--hw` 参数告诉它正在使用哪种显示。例如,要启动文本模式的 twin,请输入 `twin --hw=tty,TERM=linux`。这里 `TERM` 变量指定替代了你当前 Shell 中终端变量。要启动图形版本,运行 `twin --hw=X@$DISPLAY`。在 Linux 上,twin 一般都“可以正常工作”,而在 MacOS 上,Twin 基本是只能在终端上使用。
|
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第一次调用 twin 是一个挑战。你需要通过 `--hw` 参数告诉它正在使用哪种显示。例如,要启动文本模式的 twin,请输入 `twin --hw=tty,TERM=linux`。这里指定的 `TERM` 变量替代了你当前 Shell 中终端变量。要启动图形版本,运行 `twin --hw=X@$DISPLAY`。在 Linux 上,twin 一般都“可以正常工作”,而在 MacOS 上,Twin 基本是只能在终端上使用。
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*真正*的乐趣是可以通过 `twattach` 和 `twdisplay` 命令接驳到正在运行的会话的功能。它们使你可以接驳到其他正在运行的 twin 会话。例如,在 Mac 上,我可以运行以下命令以接驳到演示机器上运行的 twin 会话:
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@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ twdisplay --twin@20days2020.local:0 --hw=tty,TERM=linux
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![remote twin session][11]
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通过多做一些工作,你还可以将其用作登录外壳,以代替控制台上的 [getty][12]。这需要 gdm 鼠标守护程序、twdm 应用程序(包括)和一些额外的配置。在使用 systemd 的系统上,首先安装并启用 gdm(如果尚未安装),然后使用 `systemctl` 为控制台创建一个替代(我使用 tty6)。这些命令必须以 root 用户身份运行;在 Ubuntu 上,它们看起来像这样:
|
||||
通过多做一些工作,你还可以将其用作登录外壳,以代替控制台上的 [getty][12]。这需要 gdm 鼠标守护程序、twdm 应用程序(包括)和一些额外的配置。在使用 systemd 的系统上,首先安装并启用 gdm(如果尚未安装),然后使用 `systemctl` 为控制台(我使用 tty6)创建一个覆盖。这些命令必须以 root 用户身份运行;在 Ubuntu 上,它们看起来像这样:
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```
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apt install gdm
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@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ systemctl start gdm
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systemctl edit getty@tty6
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```
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`systemctl edit getty@tty6` 命令将打开一个名为 `override.conf` 的空文件。它可以定义 systemd 服务设置以覆盖 6 号控制台的默认设置。将内容更新为:
|
||||
`systemctl edit getty@tty6` 命令将打开一个名为 `override.conf` 的空文件。它可以定义 systemd 服务设置以覆盖 tty6 的默认设置。将内容更新为:
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||||
|
||||
```
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[service]
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@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ StandardInput=tty
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StandardOutput=tty
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```
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现在,重新加载 systemd 并重新启动 tty6 以获得 twin 登录提示:
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现在,重新加载 systemd 并重新启动 tty6 以获得 twin 登录提示界面:
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```
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systemctl daemon-reload
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@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ systemctl restart getty@tty6
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这将为登录的用户启动一个 twin 会话。我不建议在多用户系统中使用此会话,但是对于个人桌面来说,这是很酷的。并且,通过使用 `twattach` 和 `twdisplay`,你可以从本地 GUI 或远程桌面访问该会话。
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我认为 twin 真是太酷了。它还有一些细节不够好,但是基本功能都已经有了,并且有一些非常好的文档。另外,它也使我可以在现代操作系统上稍解 DESQview 式的体验的渴望。我希望随着时间的推移它会有所改进,希望你和我一样喜欢它。
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我认为 twin 真是太酷了。它还有一些细节不够完善,但是基本功能都已经有了,并且有一些非常好的文档。另外,它也使我可以在现代操作系统上稍解对 DESQview 式的体验的渴望。我希望随着时间的推移它会有所改进,希望你和我一样喜欢它。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/multiple-consoles-twin
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作者:[Kevin Sonney][a]
|
||||
选题:[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
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|
@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (qianmingtian)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Give an old MacBook new life with Linux)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/2/macbook-linux-elementary)
|
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[#]: author: (Don Watkins https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins)
|
||||
|
||||
Give an old MacBook new life with Linux
|
||||
======
|
||||
Elementary OS's latest release, Hera, is an impressive platform for
|
||||
resurrecting an outdated MacBook.
|
||||
![Coffee and laptop][1]
|
||||
|
||||
When I installed Apple's [MacOS Mojave][2], it slowed my formerly reliable MacBook Air to a crawl. My computer, released in 2015, has 4GB RAM, an i5 processor, and a Broadcom 4360 wireless card, but Mojave proved too much for my daily driver—it made working with [GnuCash][3] impossible, and it whetted my appetite to return to Linux. I am glad I did, but I felt bad that I had this perfectly good MacBook lying around unused.
|
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|
||||
I tried several Linux distributions on my MacBook Air, but there was always a gotcha. Sometimes it was the wireless card; another time, it was a lack of support for the touchpad. After reading some good reviews, I decided to try [Elementary OS][4] 5.0 (Juno). I [made a boot drive][5] with my USB creator and inserted it into the MacBook Air. I got to a live desktop, and the operating system recognized my Broadcom wireless chipset—I thought this just might work!
|
||||
|
||||
I liked what I saw in Elementary OS; its [Pantheon][6] desktop is really great, and its look and feel are familiar to Apple users—it has a dock at the bottom of the display and icons that lead to useful applications. I liked the preview of what I could expect, so I decided to install it—and then my wireless disappeared. That was disappointing. I really liked Elementary OS, but no wireless is a non-starter.
|
||||
|
||||
Fast-forward to December 2019, when I heard a review on the [Linux4Everyone][7] podcast about Elementary's latest release, v.5.1 (Hera) bringing a MacBook back to life. So, I decided to try again with Hera. I downloaded the ISO, created the bootable drive, plugged it in, and this time the operating system recognized my wireless card. I was in business!
|
||||
|
||||
![MacBook Air with Hera][8]
|
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|
||||
I was overjoyed that my very light, yet powerful MacBook Air was getting a new life with Linux. I have been exploring Elementary OS in greater detail, and I can tell you that I am impressed.
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|
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### Elementary OS's features
|
||||
|
||||
According to [Elementary's blog][9], "The newly redesigned login and lock screen greeter looks sharper, works better, and fixes many reported issues with the previous greeter including focus issues, HiDPI issues, and better localization. The new design in Hera was in response to user feedback from Juno, and enables some nice new features."
|
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|
||||
"Nice new features" in an understatement—Elementary OS easily has one of the best-designed Linux user interfaces I have ever seen. A System Settings icon is on the dock by default; it is easy to change the settings, and soon I had the system configured to my liking. I need larger text sizes than the defaults, and the Universal Access controls are easy to use and allow me to set large text and high contrast. I can also adjust the dock with larger icons and other options.
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|
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![Elementary OS's Settings screen][10]
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|
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Pressing the Mac's Command key brings up a list of keyboard shortcuts, which is very helpful to new users.
|
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|
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![Elementary OS's Keyboard shortcuts][11]
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|
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Elementary OS ships with the [Epiphany][12] web browser, which I find quite easy to use. It's a bit different than Chrome, Chromium, or Firefox, but it is more than adequate.
|
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|
||||
For security-conscious users (as we should all be), Elementary OS's Security and Privacy settings provide multiple options, including a firewall, history, locking, automatic deletion of temporary and trash files, and an on/off switch for location services.
|
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|
||||
![Elementary OS's Privacy and Security screen][13]
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|
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### More on Elementary OS
|
||||
|
||||
Elementary OS was originally released in 2011, and its latest version, Hera, was released on December 3, 2019. [Cassidy James Blaede][14], Elementary's co-founder and CXO, is the operating system's UX architect. Cassidy loves to design and build useful, usable, and delightful digital products using open technologies.
|
||||
|
||||
Elementary OS has excellent user [documentation][15], and its code (licensed under GPL 3.0) is available on [GitHub][16]. Elementary OS encourages involvement in the project, so be sure to reach out and [join the community][17].
|
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|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/2/macbook-linux-elementary
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Don Watkins][a]
|
||||
选题:[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/coffee_cafe_brew_laptop_desktop.jpg?itok=G-n1o1-o (Coffee and laptop)
|
||||
[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacOS_Mojave
|
||||
[3]: https://www.gnucash.org/
|
||||
[4]: https://elementary.io/
|
||||
[5]: https://opensource.com/life/14/10/test-drive-linux-nothing-flash-drive
|
||||
[6]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/pantheon-linux-desktop
|
||||
[7]: https://www.linux4everyone.com/20-macbook-pro-elementary-os
|
||||
[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/macbookair_hera.png (MacBook Air with Hera)
|
||||
[9]: https://blog.elementary.io/introducing-elementary-os-5-1-hera/
|
||||
[10]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/elementaryos_settings.png (Elementary OS's Settings screen)
|
||||
[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/elementaryos_keyboardshortcuts.png (Elementary OS's Keyboard shortcuts)
|
||||
[12]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME_Web
|
||||
[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/elementaryos_privacy-security.png (Elementary OS's Privacy and Security screen)
|
||||
[14]: https://github.com/cassidyjames
|
||||
[15]: https://elementary.io/docs/learning-the-basics#learning-the-basics
|
||||
[16]: https://github.com/elementary
|
||||
[17]: https://elementary.io/get-involved
|
@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (qianmingtian)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Give an old MacBook new life with Linux)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/2/macbook-linux-elementary)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Don Watkins https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins)
|
||||
|
||||
用 Linux 给旧 MacBook 以新生
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
Elementary OS 的最新版本 Hera 是一个令人印象深刻的平台,它让过时的 MacBook 得以重生。
|
||||
|
||||
![Coffee and laptop][1]
|
||||
|
||||
当我安装苹果的 [MacOS Mojave][2] 时,它使我以前可靠的 MacBook Air 运行变慢了。我的计算机于 2015 年发布,具有 4 GB 内存, i5 处理器和 Broadcom 4360 无线卡,但是 Mojava 提供的日常驱动程序使 [GnuCash][3] 不可用,这激起了我重返 Linux 的欲望。我很高兴能做到这一点,但是我感到非常遗憾的是,我的这台 MacBook 被闲置了。
|
||||
|
||||
我在 MacBook Air 上尝试了几种 Linux 发行版,但总是会有陷阱。有时是无线网卡;还有一次,它缺少对触摸板的支持。看了一些不错的评论后,我决定尝试 [Elementary OS][4] 5.0(Juno)。我用 USB [制作了启动盘][5],并将其插入 MacBook Air 。我来到了一个实时桌面,并且操作系统识别了我的 Broadcom 无线芯片组-我认为这可能已经正常工作了!
|
||||
|
||||
我喜欢在 Elementary OS 中看到的内容。它的 [Pantheon][6] 桌面真的很棒,并且其外观和使用起来的感觉对 Apple 用户来说很熟悉-它的显示屏底部有一个底座,并带有可引导常用应用程序的图标。我喜欢我之前期待的预览,所以我决定安装它,然后我的无线设备消失了。真的很令人失望。我真的很喜欢 Elementary OS ,但是没有无线是不行的。
|
||||
|
||||
时间快进到 2019 年 12 月,当我在 [Linux4Everyone][7] 播客上听到有关 Elementary 最新版本 v.5.1(Hera) 使MacBook复活的评论时,我决定用 Hera 再试一次。我下载了 ISO ,创建了可启动驱动器,将其插入电脑,这次操作系统识别了我的无线网卡。我可以在上面工作了。
|
||||
|
||||
![MacBook Air with Hera][8]
|
||||
|
||||
我非常高兴我轻巧又功能强大的 MacBook Air 通过 Linux 焕然一新。我一直在更详细地研究 Elementary OS ,我可以告诉你我印象深刻的东西。
|
||||
|
||||
### Elementary OS 的功能
|
||||
|
||||
根据 [Elementary 的博客][9],“新设计的登录和锁定屏幕问候语看起来更清晰,效果更好,并且修复了以前问候语中报告的许多问题,包括焦点问题, HiDPI 问题和更好的本地化。 Hera 的新设计是为了响应来自 Juno 的用户反馈,并启用了一些不错的新功能。”
|
||||
|
||||
轻描淡写的“不错的新功能” — Elementary OS 拥有我见过的最佳设计的 Linux 用户界面之一。默认情况下,系统上的“系统设置”图标位于扩展坞上。更改设置很容易,很快我就按照自己的喜好配置了系统。我需要的文字大小比默认值大,辅助功能要易于使用并且允许我设置大文字和高对比度。我还可以使用较大的图标和其他选项来调整底座。
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![Elementary OS 的设置界面][10]
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|
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按下 Mac 的 Command 键将弹出一个键盘快捷键列表,这对新用户非常有帮助。
|
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|
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![Elementary OS' 的键盘快捷键][11]
|
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|
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Elementary OS 附带的 [Epiphany][12] Web 浏览器,我发现它非常易于使用。 它与 Chrome , Chromium 或 Firefox 略有不同,但它已经绰绰有余。
|
||||
|
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对于注重安全的用户(我们应该都是), Elementary OS 的安全和隐私设置提供了多个选项,包括防火墙,历史记录,锁定,临时和垃圾文件的自动删除以及用于位置服务开/关的开关。
|
||||
|
||||
![Elementary OS 的隐私与安全][13]
|
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|
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### 有关 Elementray OS 的更多信息
|
||||
|
||||
Elementary OS 最初于 2011 年发布,其最新版本 Hera 于 2019 年 12 月 3 日发布。 Elementary 的联合创始人兼 CXO 的 [Cassidy James Blaede][14] 是操作系统的 UX 架构师。 Cassidy 喜欢使用开放技术来设计和构建有用,可用和令人愉悦的数字产品。
|
||||
|
||||
Elementary OS 具有出色的用户[文档][15],其代码(在 GPL 3.0 下许可)可在 [GitHub][16] 上获得。 Elementary OS 鼓励参与该项目,因此请务必伸出援手并[加入社区][17]。
|
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|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/2/macbook-linux-elementary
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Don Watkins][a]
|
||||
选题:[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者:[qianmingtian][c]
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[c]: https://github.com/qianmingtian
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/coffee_cafe_brew_laptop_desktop.jpg?itok=G-n1o1-o (Coffee and laptop)
|
||||
[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacOS_Mojave
|
||||
[3]: https://www.gnucash.org/
|
||||
[4]: https://elementary.io/
|
||||
[5]: https://opensource.com/life/14/10/test-drive-linux-nothing-flash-drive
|
||||
[6]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/pantheon-linux-desktop
|
||||
[7]: https://www.linux4everyone.com/20-macbook-pro-elementary-os
|
||||
[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/macbookair_hera.png (MacBook Air with Hera)
|
||||
[9]: https://blog.elementary.io/introducing-elementary-os-5-1-hera/
|
||||
[10]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/elementaryos_settings.png (Elementary OS's Settings screen)
|
||||
[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/elementaryos_keyboardshortcuts.png (Elementary OS's Keyboard shortcuts)
|
||||
[12]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME_Web
|
||||
[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/elementaryos_privacy-security.png (Elementary OS's Privacy and Security screen)
|
||||
[14]: https://github.com/cassidyjames
|
||||
[15]: https://elementary.io/docs/learning-the-basics#learning-the-basics
|
||||
[16]: https://github.com/elementary
|
||||
[17]: https://elementary.io/get-involved
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user