From bfee3eda9d1785059ab082ca7db267ac79150c66 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Sat, 1 Apr 2017 10:45:36 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] translated --- .../20170327 Using vi-mode in your shell.md | 93 ------------------- .../20170327 Using vi-mode in your shell.md | 91 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 91 insertions(+), 93 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20170327 Using vi-mode in your shell.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20170327 Using vi-mode in your shell.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20170327 Using vi-mode in your shell.md b/sources/tech/20170327 Using vi-mode in your shell.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7e38322f13..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20170327 Using vi-mode in your shell.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,93 +0,0 @@ -translating---geekpi - -Using vi-mode in your shell -============================================================ - -> Get an introduction to using vi-mode for line editing at the command line. - - ![Using vi-mode at the command line](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/images/life/code_computer_development_programming.png?itok=wMspQJcO "Using vi-mode at the command line") ->Image by : opensource.com - -As a participant in the greater open source community, and more specifically as a member of the [Fedora Project][2], I have the opportunity to meet with many people and talk about all kinds of interesting technical topics. One of my favorites is the "command line," or [shell][3], because learning about how people use the shell proficiently can give you an insight into how they think, what kind of workflows they favor, and to some extent what makes them tick. Many developers and systems operators share their "dot files" (a common slang term for their shell's configuration files) publicly out on the Internet, which leads to an interesting collaboration opportunity that allows everyone to learn tips and tricks from seasoned veterans of the command line as well as share common shortcuts and productivity boosters. - -I'll introduce one for you here by showing the shell's vi-mode. - -In the large ecosystem of computing and operating systems, there are [many shells][4]. However, in the Linux world, the de facto standard has become [bash][5] and it is the default shell installed on all major Linux distributions at of the time of this writing. As such, that is the shell I'll be talking about today. Something to note, though, is that bash is also a reasonably popular option on other UNIX-style operating systems, so it's likely not far from your reach (and for you Windows users out there, there's always [cygwin][6]). - -While exploring the shell, the first thing you do is type commands into it and most often get output, like so: - -``` -$ echo "Hello World!" -Hello World! -``` - -This is common practice and is probably something everyone reading this has done. Something that newcomers and novices alike might not realize is that the default input mode for the [bash][7] shell is [Emacs][8], which means that all line-editing functions you will carry out on commands will use ["Emacs-style" keyboard combinations][9]. (For those interested in the nuts and bolts of things, the function of line-editing is actually carried out by [GNU Readline][10].) - -For example, if you had typed **echo "Hello Wrld!"** and realized that you wanted to quickly jump back one word (space delimited) to fix that typo without having to hold down your left arrow key then you would hit the **Alt+b** keys together and the cursor would jump backward to the **W**. - -``` -$ echo "Hello Wrld!" -              ^ -        Cursor is here. -``` - -This was done using only one of the many Emacs keyboard combinations that is offered to the user of the shell. There are many more available for all kinds of things, such as copying text, pasting text, removing text, and using shortcuts to edit text. Using complex keyboard combinations and committing them to memory may seem silly, but they can be extremely powerful when working with longer commands or recalling a command from your shell history yet wanting to edit a couple things before executing the command again. - -While Emacs key bindings are all well and good if you're familiar with the Emacs text editor or otherwise find them convenient to use, there are those who are more comfortable using "vi-style" keyboard bindings because of their time spent in the vi text editor (normally via [vim][11] or [nvim][12] these days). The bash shell (again, via GNU Readline) is able to provide this functionality for us. In order to enable it, you run the command **$ ****set**** -o vi**. - -Just like magic, you're now in vi-mode and can easily line-edit using vi-style key bindings in order to copy text, remove text, and jump around to different positions in the line of text. This isn't much different in terms of capabilities of Emacs-mode but it's  _how_  you interact with the shell to perform these actions that changes, which is a powerful option pending your specific preference. - -Let's take a look at the same example as before, but with the context that as soon as you land in vi-mode in your shell you're in INSERT mode, which means you can type commands just you did before but you can now hit the **Esc** key on your keyboard and you'll be in NORMAL mode, which is where you can navigate around freely and make text modifications. - -Looking at the same example as before, if you had typed **echo "Hello Wrld!"** and realized you wanted to jump back one word (again, space delimited) to fix up that typo, then you would hit **Esc** to change from INSERT to NORMAL mode. Then you can type **B** (**Shift+b** for those following along at home), which would move the cursor back much like it did before. (For more information on vi-modes, go [here][13].): - -``` -$ echo "Hello Wrld!" -              ^ -        Cursor is here. -``` - -Now, for the vi/vim/nvim users out there this is hopefully a fun "ah ha!" moment when you realize the potential of keeping your tried and true keyboard shortcuts close by at all times and not just while your writing things like code or documentation in your editor. If this is all new to you and you want to learn more, then I might suggest taking a trip to this [interactive vim tutorial][14] and see if the vi style of editing text is something you find useful. - -If you enjoy interacting with your shell in this mode, you can set that persistently by editing the **~/.bashrc** file in your home directory and adding the following line at the bottom. - -**set -o vi** - -For the emacs mode users, hopefully this was a quick and fun look into "the other side" of your shell. At the end of the day I think everyone should use whatever editor and shell line-editing mode that makes them most productive and if that's vi-mode and this article was news to you, then congratulations! Now go forth and be productive. - -Happy hacking... - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -作者简介： - -Adam Miller is a member of the Fedora Engineering team focusing on Fedora Release Engineering tooling. His work includes next-generation build systems, automation, RPM package maintenance, and infrastructure deployment. Adam has completed his Bachelors of Science in Computer Science and Masters of Science in Information Assurance and Security, both from Sam Houston State University. He is a Red Hat Certified Engineer (Cert# 110-008-810), and an active member of the open source community with a running history of contributions to the Fedora Project (FAS account name: maxamillion). - - ------------------------- -via: https://opensource.com/article/17/3/fun-vi-mode-your-shell - -作者：[Adam Miller ][a] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]:https://opensource.com/users/maxamillion -[1]:https://opensource.com/article/17/3/fun-vi-mode-your-shell?rate=5_eAB9UtByHOiZMysPcewU4Zz6hOrLwdcgIpu2Ub4vo -[2]:https://getfedora.org/ -[3]:https://opensource.com/business/16/3/top-linux-shells -[4]:https://opensource.com/business/16/3/top-linux-shells -[5]:https://tiswww.case.edu/php/chet/bash/bashtop.html -[6]:http://cygwin.org/ -[7]:https://tiswww.case.edu/php/chet/bash/bashtop.html -[8]:https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/ -[9]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Readline#Emacs_keyboard_shortcuts -[10]:http://cnswww.cns.cwru.edu/php/chet/readline/rltop.html -[11]:http://www.vim.org/ -[12]:https://neovim.io/ -[13]:https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Learning_the_vi_Editor/Vim/Modes -[14]:http://www.openvim.com/tutorial.html -[15]:https://opensource.com/user/10726/feed -[16]:https://opensource.com/article/17/3/fun-vi-mode-your-shell#comments -[17]:https://opensource.com/users/maxamillion diff --git a/translated/tech/20170327 Using vi-mode in your shell.md b/translated/tech/20170327 Using vi-mode in your shell.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..864c4c9264 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20170327 Using vi-mode in your shell.md @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +在 shell 中使用 vi 模式 +============================================================ + +> 介绍在命令行编辑中使用 vi 模式。 + + ![Using vi-mode at the command line](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/images/life/code_computer_development_programming.png?itok=wMspQJcO "Using vi-mode at the command line") +>图片提供： opensource.com + +作为一名更大的开源社区的参与者，更确切地说，作为[ Fedora 项目][2]的成员，我有机会与许多人会面并讨论各种有趣的技术主题。我最喜欢的主题是“命令行”或者 [shell][3]，因为了解人们如何熟练使用 shell 可以让你深入地了解他们的想法，他们喜欢什么样的工作流程，以及某种程度上什么激发了他们的灵感。许多开发人员和运维在互联网上公开分享他们的“ dot 文件”（他们的 shell 配置文件的常见俚语），这将是一个有趣的协作机会，让每个人都能从对命令行有丰富经验的人中学习提示和技巧并分享快捷方式以及有效率的技巧。 + +我在这里会为你介绍 shell 中的 vi 模式。 + +在计算和操作系统的庞大生态系统中有[很多 shell][4]。然而，在 Linux 世界中，[bash][5] 已经成为事实上标准，并在在撰写本文时，它是所有主要 Linux 发行版上的默认 shell。因此，它就是我所说的 shell。需要注意的是，bash 在其他类 UNIX 操作系统上也是一个相当受欢迎的选项，所以它可能跟你用的差别不大（对于 Windows 用户，可以用 [cygwin][6]）。 + +在探索 shell 时，首先要做的是在其中输入命令并得到输出，如下所示： + +``` +$ echo "Hello World!" +Hello World! +``` + +这是常见的练习，可能每个人都做过。没接触过的人和新手可能没有意识到 [bash][7] shell 的默认输入模式是 [Emacs][8]，这意味着命令行中所用的行编辑功能都将使用[ Emacs 风格的“键盘组合][9]。（对这个感兴趣的人，行编辑功能实际上是由[GNU Readline][10]进行的。） + +例如，如果你输入了 **echo "Hello Wrld!"**，并意识到你想要快速跳回一个单词（空格分隔）来修改打字错误，而无需按住左箭头键，那么你可以同时按下 **Alt+b**，光标会将向后跳到 **W**。 + +``` +$ echo "Hello Wrld!" +              ^ +        Cursor is here. +``` + +这只是使用提供给 shell 用户的许多 Emacs 组合键之一完成的。还有其他更多东西，如复制文本、粘贴文本、删除文本以及使用快捷方式来编辑文本。使用复杂的组合键并记住可能看起来很愚蠢，但是在使用较长的命令或从 shell 历史记录中调用一个命令并想再次编辑执行时，它们可能会非常强大。 + +尽管 Emacs 的键盘绑定都不错，如果你对 Emacs 编辑器熟悉或者发现它们很容易使用也不错，但是仍有一些人对“ vi 风格”的键盘绑定更舒服，因为他们经常使用 vi 编辑器（通常是 [vim][11] 或 [nvim][12]）。bash shell（再说一次，通过 GNU Readline）可以为我们提供这个功能。要启用它，需要执行命令 **$ ****set**** -o vi**。 + +就像魔术一样，你现在处于 vi 模式了，现在可以使用 vi 风格的键绑定轻松地进行编辑，以便复制文本、删除文本、并跳转到文本行中的不同位置。这与 Emacs 模式在功能方面没有太大的不同，但是它在你_如何_与 shell 进行交互执行操作上有一些差别，根据你的喜好这是一个强大的选择。 + +我们来看看先前的例子，但是在上下文中一旦你在 shell 中进入 vi 模式，你就处于 INSERT 模式中，这意味着你可以和以前一样输入命令，但是现在点击 **Esc** 键，你将处于 NORMAL 模式，你可以自由浏览并进行文字修改。 + +看看先前的例子，如果你输入了 **echo "Hello Wrld!"**，并意识到你想跳回一个单词（再说一次用空格分隔）来修复那个打字错误，那么你可以点击 **Esc** 从 INSERT 变为 NORMAL 模式。然后，您可以输入 **B**（**Shift+b**），光标就能像以前那样回到前面了。（有关 vi 模式的更多信息，请参阅[这里][13]。）： + +``` +$ echo "Hello Wrld!" +              ^ +        Cursor is here. +``` + +现在，对于 vi/vim/nvim 用户来说，当你发现你一直可以使用相同的快捷键，而不仅仅是在编辑器中编写代码或文档的时候我希望这是一个惊喜时刻。如果这对你是全新的，并且你想要了解更多，那么我可能会建议你参加这个[交互式 vim 教程][14]，看看 vi 风格的编辑是否还有有用的。 + +如果你喜欢在此风格下与 shell 交互，那么你可以在主目录中的 **~/.bashrc** 文件底部添加下面的行来持久设置它。 + +**set -o vi** + +对于 emacs 模式的用户，希望这可以让你快速并愉快地看到 shell 的“另一面”。在结束之前，我认为每个人都应该使用任意一个让他们更有效率的编辑器和 shell 行编辑模式，如果你使用 vi 模式并且这篇对你是新的，那么恭喜你！现在就变得更有效率吧。 + +玩得愉快！ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +作者简介： + +Adam Miller 是 Fedora 工程团队成员，专注于 Fedora 发布工程。他的工作包括下一代构建系统、自动化、RPM 包维护和基础架构部署。Adam 在山姆休斯顿州立大学完成了计算机科学学士学位与信息保障与安全科学硕士学位。他是一名红帽认证工程师（Cert＃110-008-810），也是开源社区的活跃成员，并对 Fedora 项目（FAS 帐户名称：maxamillion）贡献有着悠久的历史。 + + +------------------------ +via: https://opensource.com/article/17/3/fun-vi-mode-your-shell + +作者：[Adam Miller ][a] +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:https://opensource.com/users/maxamillion +[1]:https://opensource.com/article/17/3/fun-vi-mode-your-shell?rate=5_eAB9UtByHOiZMysPcewU4Zz6hOrLwdcgIpu2Ub4vo +[2]:https://getfedora.org/ +[3]:https://opensource.com/business/16/3/top-linux-shells +[4]:https://opensource.com/business/16/3/top-linux-shells +[5]:https://tiswww.case.edu/php/chet/bash/bashtop.html +[6]:http://cygwin.org/ +[7]:https://tiswww.case.edu/php/chet/bash/bashtop.html +[8]:https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/ +[9]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Readline#Emacs_keyboard_shortcuts +[10]:http://cnswww.cns.cwru.edu/php/chet/readline/rltop.html +[11]:http://www.vim.org/ +[12]:https://neovim.io/ +[13]:https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Learning_the_vi_Editor/Vim/Modes +[14]:http://www.openvim.com/tutorial.html +[15]:https://opensource.com/user/10726/feed +[16]:https://opensource.com/article/17/3/fun-vi-mode-your-shell#comments +[17]:https://opensource.com/users/maxamillion