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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (wxy)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Relive Linux history with the ROX desktop)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-rox-desktop)
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[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth)
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Relive Linux history with the ROX desktop
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======
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This article is part of a special series of 24 days of Linux desktops.
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If you're looking for a fun trip back in time, the ROX desktop is well
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worth a go.
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![Person typing on a 1980's computer][1]
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The [ROX][2] desktop is no longer being actively developed, but its legacy resounds today, and even when it was active, it was a unique take on what a Linux desktop could be. While other desktops felt roughly similar to old Unix or Windows interfaces, ROX belongs solidly in the BeOS, AmigaOS, and [RISC OS][3] desktop camps.
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It focuses on drag-and-drop actions (which makes its accessibility non-optimal for some users), point-and-click actions, pop-up contextual menus, and a unique system of app directories for running local applications with no installation required.
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### Installing ROX
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Today, ROX is mostly abandoned and left in fragments that the user is left to sort out. Luckily, the puzzle is relatively easy to solve, but don't get confused when you find bits and pieces of the ROX desktop in your distribution's repository—but not _every_ bit of the ROX desktop. The popular parts of ROX—the file manager ([ROX-Filer][4]) and the terminal ([ROXTerm][5])—seem to have endured in most of the popular distribution repositories, and you can install (and use) them as standalone applications. However, to run the ROX desktop, you must also install ROX-Session and the libraries it depends on.
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I installed ROX on Slackware 14.2, but it should work on any Linux or BSD system.
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First, you must install [ROX-lib2][6] from its repository. True to its philosophy of minimal installs, all you have to do to install ROX-lib2 is download the tarball, [unarchive it][7], and move the **ROX-Lib** directory to **/usr/local/lib**.
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Next, you have to install [ROX-Session][8]. This probably needs to be compiled from source code, as it's not likely to be in your software repository. The compile process requires build tools, which ship by default on Slackware but are often omitted in other distributions to save space on the initial download. The names of the packages you must install to build from source code vary depending on your distro, so refer to the documentation for specifics. For example, on Debian-based distributions, you can learn about build requirements in [Debian's wiki][9], and on Fedora-based distributions, refer to [Fedora's docs][10]. Once you have the build tools installed, execute the custom ROX-Session build script:
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```
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`$ ./AppRun`
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```
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This manages its own build and installation and prompts you for root permissions to add itself as an option on your login screen.
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If you have not installed ROX-Filer from your software repository, do that before continuing.
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Together, these components create a complete ROX desktop. To log into your new desktop, log out of your current desktop session. By default, your session manager (KDM, GDM, LightDM, or XDM, depending on your setup) will continue to log you into your previous desktop, so you must override that before logging in.
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With SDDM:
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![][11]
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With GDM:
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![][12]
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### ROX desktop features
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The ROX desktop is simple by default, with a single panel at the bottom of the screen and a shortcut icon to your home directory on the desktop. The panel contains shortcuts to common locations. That's all there is to the ROX desktop, at least as it's configured out of the box. If you want a clock or a calendar or a system tray, you need to find applications that provide them.
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![Default ROX desktop][13]
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There is no taskbar, as such, but when you minimize a window, it becomes a temporary icon on your desktop. You can click the icon to bring its window back to its former size and placement.
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The panel can be modified some, as well. You can place different shortcuts into it and even create your own applets.
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There's no application menu, either, nor are there shortcuts to applications in a contextual menu. Instead, you can navigate manually to **/usr/share/applications**, or you can add your application directory or directories to the ROX panel.
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![ROX desktop][14]
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The ROX desktop's workflow concentrates on being mouse-driven, reminiscent of Mac OS 7.5 and 8. With ROX-filer, you can manage permissions, file management, introspection, script launching, background setting, and nearly anything else you can think of, provided that you're patient enough for the point-and-click style of interaction. For power users, this seems slow, but ROX manages to make it relatively painless and very intuitive.
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### App directories, AppRun, and AppImage
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The ROX desktop has an elegant convention by which a directory containing a script named **AppRun** is executed as if it were an application. This means that in order to make a ROX app, all you have to do is compile code into a directory, place a script called **AppRun** at the root of that directory to execute the binary you've compiled, and then mark the directory executable. ROX-Filer displays a directory configured in the manner you set with a special icon and color. When you click on an app directory, ROX-Filer automatically runs the **AppRun** script inside. It looks and behaves exactly like an application that has been installed, but it's local to the user's home directory and requires no special permissions.
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This is a convenience feature, but it's one of those small features that feels great when you use it because it's so easy to implement. It's by no means essential, and it's only a few steps ahead of building an application locally, hiding the directory somewhere out of the way, and drumming up a quick **.desktop** file to act as your launcher. However, the concept of an application directory has been [cited][15] as an inspiration for the [AppImage][16] packaging system.
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### Why you should try ROX desktop
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Getting ROX set up and usable is somewhat difficult, and it appears to truly be abandoned. However, its legacy lives on in many ways today, and it's a fascinating and fun bit of Linux history. It may not become your primary desktop, but if you're looking for a fun trip back in time, then ROX is well worth a go. Explore it, customize it, and see what clever ideas it contains. There may yet be hidden gems that the open source community can benefit from.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-rox-desktop
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作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/1980s-computer-yearbook.png?itok=eGOYEKK- (Person typing on a 1980's computer)
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[2]: http://rox.sourceforge.net/desktop/
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[3]: https://www.riscosopen.org/content/
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[4]: http://rox.sourceforge.net/desktop/ROX-Filer
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[5]: http://roxterm.sourceforge.net/
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[6]: http://rox.sourceforge.net/desktop/ROX-Lib
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[7]: https://opensource.com/article/17/7/how-unzip-targz-file
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[8]: http://rox.sourceforge.net/desktop/ROX-Session.html
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[9]: https://wiki.debian.org/BuildingTutorial
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[10]: https://docs.pagure.org/docs-fedora/installing-software-from-source.html
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[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/advent-kdm_0.jpg
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[12]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/advent-gdm_1.jpg
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[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/advent-rox.jpg (Default ROX desktop)
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[14]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/advent-rox-custom.jpg (ROX desktop)
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[15]: https://github.com/AppImage/AppImageKit/wiki/AppDir
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[16]: https://appimage.org/
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@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (wxy)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Relive Linux history with the ROX desktop)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-rox-desktop)
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[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth)
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用 ROX 桌面版重温 Linux 历史
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======
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> 这篇文章是 Linux 桌面 24 天特别系列的一部分。如果你想来一次有趣的时光之旅，ROX 桌面非常值得一试。
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![Person typing on a 1980's computer][1]
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[ROX][2] 桌面已经不再积极开发，而它的遗留问题至今仍然存在，即使在它活跃开发的时候，它也是一个另类的 Linux 桌面。当其他的桌面感觉与旧的 Unix 或 Windows 界面大致相似时，ROX 则属于 BeOS、AmigaOS 和 [RISC OS][3] 桌面阵营。
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它专注于拖放式操作（这使得它的可访问性对某些用户来说并不理想）、点击式操作、弹出式上下文菜单，以及一个独特的应用程序目录系统，无需安装即可运行本地应用程序。
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### 安装 ROX
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如今，ROX 基本上都被遗弃了，只剩下一点残渣碎片留给用户自己去收集整理。幸运的是，这个难题相对来说比较容易解决，但是当你在发行版的软件仓库中找到 ROX 桌面的碎片时，不要被迷惑了，因为那并不是 ROX 桌面所有的碎片。ROX 常用的部分 —— 文件管理器（[ROX-Filer][4]）和终端（[ROXTerm][5]） —— 似乎在大多数流行的发行版软件仓库中都有存在，你可以将它们作为独立的应用程序安装（和使用）。然而，要运行 ROX 桌面，你必须同时安装 ROX-Session 和它所依赖的库。
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我在 Slackware 14.2 上安装了 ROX，但它应该可以在任何 Linux 或 BSD 系统上运行。
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首先，你必须从其版本库中安装 [ROX-lib2][6]。按照它的理念，你要安装 ROX-lib2，只需下载tarball、[解压][7]，然后将 `ROX-lib` 目录移动到 `/usr/local/lib` 下。
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接下来，你要安装 [ROX-Session][8]。这可能需要从源码中编译，因为它很可能不在你的软件仓库中。编译过程需要编译工具，这些工具在 Slackware 上是默认提供的，但在其他发行版中往往会被省略，以节省初始下载空间。根据你的发行版不同，你必须安装的包的名称也不同，所以请参考文档来了解具体内容。例如，在 Debian 发行版中，你可以在 [Debian 的 wiki][9] 中了解构建需求，而在 Fedora 发行版中，请参考 [Fedora 的文档][10]。安装了构建工具后，执行自定义的 ROX-Session 构建脚本。
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```
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$ ./AppRun
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```
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这个脚本会自己管理构建和安装，并提示你需要 root 权限，以在你的登录屏上将其添加为一个选项。
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如果你还没有从你的软件库中安装 ROX-Filer，请在继续之前安装。
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这些组件共同组成了一个完整的 ROX 桌面。要登录到新桌面，请从当前桌面会话中注销。默认情况下，你的会话管理器（KDM、GDM、LightDM 或 XDM，视你的设置而定）会继续登录到您之前的桌面，所以在登录前必须覆盖。
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使用 SDDM：
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![][11]
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使用 GDM：
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![][12]
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### ROX桌面特性
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ROX 桌面默认情况下很简单，屏幕底部有一个面板，桌面上有一个通往主目录的快捷方式图标。面板中包含了一些常用位置的快捷方式。这就是 ROX 桌面的全部功能，至少在安装后就是这样。如果你想要时钟或日历或系统托盘，你需要找到提供这些功能的应用程序。
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![Default ROX desktop][13]
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虽然没有任务栏，但当你将窗口最小化时，它就会成为桌面上的一个临时图标。你可以点击该图标，将其窗口恢复到以前的大小和位置。
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面板也可以进行一些修改。你可以在其中放置不同的快捷方式，甚至可以创建自己的小程序。
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没有应用菜单，也没有上下文菜单中的应用快捷方式。相反，你可以手动导航到 `/usr/share/applications`，或者你可以将你的应用目录或目录添加到 ROX 面板中。
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![ROX desktop][14]
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ROX 桌面的工作流程集中在鼠标驱动上，让人联想到 Mac OS 7.5 和 8 系统。通过 ROX-filer，你可以管理权限、文件管理、<ruby>内省<rt>introspection</rt></ruby>、脚本启动、后台设置，以及几乎所有你能想到的东西，只要你有足够的耐心，就可以实现点击式的交互。对于高级用户来说，这似乎很慢，但 ROX 设法让它变得相对无痛，而且非常直观。
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### 应用程序目录、AppRun 和 AppImage
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ROX 桌面有一个优雅的惯例，在这个惯例中，包含一个名为 `AppRun` 的脚本的目录就可以像一个应用程序一样被执行。这意味着，要制作一个 ROX 应用程序，你所要做的就是将代码编译到一个目录中，将一个名为`AppRun` 的脚本放在该目录的根目录下，执行你所编译的二进制文件，然后将该目录标记为可执行。ROX-Filer 会按照你设置的方式来显示一个目录，并以特殊的图标和颜色显示一个目录。当你点击一个应用程序目录，ROX-Filer 会自动运行里面的 `AppRun` 脚本。它的外观和行为就像一个已经安装好的应用程序，但它是在用户的主目录下的本地目录，不需要特殊的权限。
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这是一个方便的功能，但它是那些你使用时感觉很好的小功能之一，因为它很容易做到。它绝不是必要的，它只是比在本地建立一个应用程序，将目录隐藏在某个不显眼的地方，并建立一个快速的 `.desktop` 文件作为你的启动器，要领先了几步。然而，应用程序目录的概念已经当做灵感被 [AppImage][16] 打包系统所 [借鉴][15] 。
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### 为什么应该试试 ROX 桌面
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把 ROX 设置好并使用是有些困难的，它似乎真的被抛弃了。然而，它的遗产在今天以多种方式继续存在，它是 Linux 历史上的一段迷人而有趣的历史。它可能不会成为你的主要桌面，但如果你想来一次有趣的回溯之旅，那么 ROX 非常值得一试。探索它、定制它，看看它包含了哪些巧妙的想法。也许还有一些隐藏的宝石可以让开源社区受益。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-rox-desktop
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作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/1980s-computer-yearbook.png?itok=eGOYEKK- (Person typing on a 1980's computer)
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[2]: http://rox.sourceforge.net/desktop/
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[3]: https://www.riscosopen.org/content/
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[4]: http://rox.sourceforge.net/desktop/ROX-Filer
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[5]: http://roxterm.sourceforge.net/
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[6]: http://rox.sourceforge.net/desktop/ROX-Lib
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[7]: https://opensource.com/article/17/7/how-unzip-targz-file
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[8]: http://rox.sourceforge.net/desktop/ROX-Session.html
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[9]: https://wiki.debian.org/BuildingTutorial
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[10]: https://docs.pagure.org/docs-fedora/installing-software-from-source.html
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[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/advent-kdm_0.jpg
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[12]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/advent-gdm_1.jpg
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[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/advent-rox.jpg (Default ROX desktop)
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[14]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/advent-rox-custom.jpg (ROX desktop)
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[15]: https://github.com/AppImage/AppImageKit/wiki/AppDir
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[16]: https://appimage.org/
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