From bf542c8c032e28e026ed6ade6ea28a0855adb823 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DarkSun Date: Fri, 19 Jan 2024 05:18:54 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98[tech]:=2020240117=20How=20to?= =?UTF-8?q?=20achieve=20=E2=80=9Cdnf=20swap=E2=80=9D-equivalent=20function?= =?UTF-8?q?ality=20with=20rpm-ostree?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit sources/tech/20240117 How to achieve -dnf swap--equivalent functionality with rpm-ostree.md --- ...quivalent functionality with rpm-ostree.md | 178 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 178 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20240117 How to achieve -dnf swap--equivalent functionality with rpm-ostree.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20240117 How to achieve -dnf swap--equivalent functionality with rpm-ostree.md b/sources/tech/20240117 How to achieve -dnf swap--equivalent functionality with rpm-ostree.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a053af1ae1 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20240117 How to achieve -dnf swap--equivalent functionality with rpm-ostree.md @@ -0,0 +1,178 @@ +[#]: subject: "How to achieve “dnf swap”-equivalent functionality with rpm-ostree" +[#]: via: "https://fedoramagazine.org/how-to-achieve-dnf-swap-equivalent-functionality-with-rpm-ostree/" +[#]: author: "Mateus Rodrigues Costa https://fedoramagazine.org/author/mateusrodcosta/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972/lctt-scripts-1700446145" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +How to achieve “dnf swap”-equivalent functionality with rpm-ostree +====== + +![][1] + +Photo by [Visax][2] on [Unsplash][3] + +If you are running one of the standard variants of Fedora Linux, such as Fedora Workstation or one of the other non-ostree variants, you might have used the _dnf swap_ command at some point to replace one package with another one. This article will describe a technique for performing a similar operation on an [ostree][4] installation using the rpm-ostree command. + +The _dnf swap_ command prevents conflicts when two packages contain files with the same name and filesystem path. It is necessary when other system packages depend on a package that you want to replace (“swap out”) with an alternative version, but completely uninstalling the dependent packages and then reinstalling everything with the alternative isn’t practical. + +However, that doesn’t work very well with Fedora Silverblue and the ostree variants. They do not have a _rpm-ostree swap_ command. Luckly, there is a way to achieve similar functionality. We just need to uninstall the old package and install the new package in the same transaction! + +### Use rpm-ostree to replace packages in the base image + +The most common scenario, especially when not overlaying many packages or none at all, is to replace packages in the base image. + +A good example of this is replacing nano-default-editor, which was [made the default in Fedora Linux 33][5], with vim-default-editor. Some users would prefer using vim, but _dnf swap nano-default-editor vim-default-editor_ won’t work on ostree-based systems. + +If using _dnf_ , when trying to install _vim-default-editor_ , you will most likely hit dependency conflicts and the transaction will fail. The output below is what you would get and it effectively means that both _nano-default-editor_ and _vim-default-editor_ provide _system-default-editor_ , but only one provider of _system-default-editor_ can be installed at once. (vim-default-editor _or_ nano-default-editor can be installed, but both cannot be installed at the same time.) + +``` + + $ sudo dnf install vim-default-editor + ... + Error: + Problem: problem with installed package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch + - package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.0.1927-1.fc39.noarch from fedora + - package vim-default-editor-2:9.0.1927-1.fc39.noarch from fedora conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System + - package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from fedora conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.0.1927-1.fc39.noarch from fedora + - package vim-default-editor-2:9.0.1927-1.fc39.noarch from fedora conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from fedora + - conflicting requests + - package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.1.016-1.fc39.noarch from updates + - package vim-default-editor-2:9.1.016-1.fc39.noarch from updates conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System + - package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from fedora conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.1.016-1.fc39.noarch from updates + - package vim-default-editor-2:9.1.016-1.fc39.noarch from updates conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from fedora + (try to add '--allowerasing' to command line to replace conflicting packages or '--skip-broken' to skip uninstallable packages) + +``` + +If you attempt the same on rpm-ostree, a similar error message appears, effectively having the same meaning. + +``` + + $ rpm-ostree install vim-default-editor + ... + Resolving dependencies... done + error: Could not depsolve transaction; 1 problem detected: + Problem: conflicting requests + - package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.1.016-1.fc39.noarch from updates + - package vim-default-editor-2:9.1.016-1.fc39.noarch from updates conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System + - package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.0.1927-1.fc39.noarch from fedora + - package vim-default-editor-2:9.0.1927-1.fc39.noarch from fedora conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System + - package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2048-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive + - package vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2048-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System + - package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2081-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive + - package vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2081-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System + - package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2105-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive + - package vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2105-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System + - package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2120-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive + - package vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2120-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System + - package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2153-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive + - package vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2153-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System + - package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2167-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive + - package vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2167-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System + - package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2190-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive + - package vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2190-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System + - package nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System conflicts with system-default-editor provided by vim-default-editor-2:9.1.016-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive + - package vim-default-editor-2:9.1.016-1.fc39.noarch from updates-archive conflicts with system-default-editor provided by nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System + +``` + +So, for this to work, we have to look into removing _nano-default-editor_ first. In this scenario we have to look into _rpm-ostree override remove_ , which allows us to remove packages from the base image. But, if we simply try to remove _nano-default-editor_ , it will fail saying _default-editor_ needs a package that provides _system-default-editor_. In other words, if we want to remove nano-default-editor we need to install vim-default-editor or another package that provides _system-default-editor_. Another possibility is removing _default-editor_ completely and losing this functionality: + +``` + + $ rpm-ostree override remove nano-default-editor + ... + Resolving dependencies... done + error: Could not depsolve transaction; 1 problem detected: + Problem: package default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch from @System requires system-default-editor, but none of the providers can be installed + - conflicting requests + +``` + +Thankfully, the _rpm-ostree override remove_ command accepts an extra _‐‐install_ argument which allows us to also install a package along with the removal! So, if we add vim-default-editor as well, we get: + +``` + + $ rpm-ostree override remove nano-default-editor --install vim-default-editor + + Resolving dependencies... done + Will download: 6 packages (10,0 MB) + Downloading from 'fedora'... done + Downloading from 'updates'... done + Importing packages... done + Applying 1 override and 6 overlays + Processing packages... done + Running pre scripts... done + Running post scripts... done + Running posttrans scripts... done + Writing rpmdb... done + Writing OSTree commit... done + Staging deployment... done + Freed: 213,9 MB (pkgcache branches: 0) + Removed: + nano-default-editor-7.2-4.fc39.noarch + Added: + gpm-libs-1.20.7-44.fc39.x86_64 + vim-common-2:9.0.2190-1.fc39.x86_64 + vim-default-editor-2:9.0.2190-1.fc39.noarch + vim-enhanced-2:9.0.2190-1.fc39.x86_64 + vim-filesystem-2:9.0.2190-1.fc39.noarch + xxd-2:9.0.2190-1.fc39.x86_64 + Use "rpm-ostree override reset" to undo overrides + Run "systemctl reboot" to start a reboot + +``` + +And now, after a reboot, vim-default-editor should be installed and vim should be the default editor. You can confirm the results with _rpm-ostree status_ : + +``` + + $ rpm-ostree status + State: idle + Deployments: + ● fedora:fedora/39/x86_64/silverblue + Version: 39.20240106.0 (2024-01-06T01:35:56Z) + BaseCommit: 2d052ca5e08b07406612e68cbb4ec67e86d733dba5e458234ad65bc5a4ad5b51 + GPGSignature: Valid signature by E8F23996F23218640CB44CBE75CF5AC418B8E74C + RemovedBasePackages: nano-default-editor 7.2-4.fc39 + LayeredPackages: vim-default-editor + +``` + +The command to undo such transaction would be _rpm-ostree override reset nano-default-editor ‐‐uninstall vim-default-editor_. + +### Replacing overlaid packages + +When replacing overlaid packages the process is considerably simpler. There are three commands to consider: _rpm-ostree install_ , _rpm-ostree uninstall_ and _rpm-ostree upgrade_. + +_rpm-ostree install_ receives a list of packages to be installed, but also supports a _‐‐uninstall_ parameter to remove packages in the same transaction. _rpm-ostree uninstall_ receives a list of packages to be uninstalled, but also supports a _‐‐install_ parameter to install packages in the same transaction. + +_rpm-ostree upgrade_ upgrades the system, but also supports the _‐‐install_ and _‐‐uninstall_ parameters to install or uninstall packages in the same transaction. + +Ultimately, for overlaid packages, it’s mostly a choice of whether to also update the system and then choosing the most convenient command. + +### Conclusion + +While, due to the nature of _rpm-ostree_ , it may not seem that _dnf swap_ -like functionality is achievable, a closer look at its commands shows similar flexibility, even if in different clothing. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://fedoramagazine.org/how-to-achieve-dnf-swap-equivalent-functionality-with-rpm-ostree/ + +作者：[Mateus Rodrigues Costa][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/mateusrodcosta/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/dnf_swap_equivalent-816x345.jpg +[2]: https://unsplash.com/@visaxslr?utm_content=creditCopyText&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=unsplash +[3]: https://unsplash.com/photos/a-silhouette-of-trees-and-a-cloudy-sky-yYw1JK-d8JA?utm_content=creditCopyText&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=unsplash +[4]: https://ostreedev.github.io/ostree/ +[5]: https://fedoramagazine.org/whats-new-fedora-33-workstation/#:~:text=swap%2Don%2Dzram.-,Nano%20by%20default,-Fresh%20Fedora%2033