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【翻译完成】20141224 Linux FAQs with Answers--How to install non-free packages on Debian

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Linux FAQs with Answers--How to install non-free packages on Debian
================================================================================
> **Question**: I need to install some proprietary device driver on Debian, which is part of a non-free package. However, I cannot find and install the package in my Debian box. How can I install non-free packages on Debian?
The Debian project is distributed as a collection of packages, [48,000][1] of them, as of Debian Wheezy. These packages are categorized into three areas: main, contrib and non-free, mainly based on licensing requirements, e.g., [Debian Free Software Guidelines][2] (DFSG).
The main area contains free software that complies with DFSG. The contrib area contains free software that complies with DFSG, but relies on non-free software for compilation or execution. Finally, the non-free area contains non-free packages that are not compliant with DFSG but redistributable. The main repository is considered a part of Debian, but neither contrib or non-free repository is. The latter two are maintained and provided only as a convenience to users.
If you want to install a non-free package maintained by Debian, you need to enable contrib and non-free repositories. To do so, open /etc/apt/sources.list with a text editor, and append "contrib non-free" to each source.
The following is an example of /etc/apt/sources.list for Debian Wheezy.
deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ wheezy main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ wheezy main contrib non-free
deb http://security.debian.org/ wheezy/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://security.debian.org/ wheezy/updates main contrib non-free
# wheezy-updates, previously known as 'volatile'
deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ wheezy-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ wheezy-updates main contrib non-free
![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7562/16063758036_0ef8fce075_b.jpg)
After modifying sources of packages, run the following command to download package index files for contrib and non-free repositories.
$ sudo apt-get update
If you are using aptitude, run the following instead.
$ sudo aptitude update
Now you are ready to search and install any non-free package on Debian.
![](https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8593/16089610915_b638fce55d_c.jpg)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/install-nonfree-packages-debian.html
译者：[mtunique](https://github.com/mtunique)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[1]:https://packages.debian.org/stable/allpackages?format=txt.gz
[2]:https://www.debian.org/social_contract.html#guidelines

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Linux有问必答-- 如何在Debian下安装闭源软件包
================================================================================
> **提问**: 我需要在Debian下安装特定的闭源设备驱动。然而, 我无法再Debian中找到并安装包.如何在Debian下安装闭源软件包?
Debian是一个拥有[48,000][1]软件包的发行版. 这些软件包被分为三类: main, contrib 和 non-free, 主要是根据许可证要求, 例如, [Debian开源软件指南][2] (DFSG).
main软件仓库包括符合DFSG的开源软件。contrib也包括符合DFSG的开源软件，但是依赖闭源软件来编译或者执行。non-free包括不符合DFSG的，可再分发的闭源软件。main仓库被认为是Debian项目的一部分，但是contrib和non-free不是。后两者只是为了用户的方便而维护和提供。
如果你想一直能够在Debian上安装闭源软件包，你需要添加contrib和non-free软件仓库。这样做,用文本编辑器打开 /etc/apt/sources.list 添加"contrib non-free""到每个源。
下面是适用于 Debian Wheezy的 /etc/apt/sources.list 例子。
deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ wheezy main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ wheezy main contrib non-free
deb http://security.debian.org/ wheezy/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://security.debian.org/ wheezy/updates main contrib non-free
# wheezy-updates, 之前叫做 'volatile'
deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ wheezy-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ wheezy-updates main contrib non-free
![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7562/16063758036_0ef8fce075_b.jpg)
修改完源后, 运行下面命令去下载contrib和non-free软件仓库的文件索引.
$ sudo apt-get update
如果你用 aptitude, 运行下面命令.
$ sudo aptitude update
现在你在Debian上搜索和安装任何闭源软件包。
![](https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8593/16089610915_b638fce55d_c.jpg)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/install-nonfree-packages-debian.html
译者：[mtunique](https://github.com/mtunique)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[1]:https://packages.debian.org/stable/allpackages?format=txt.gz
[2]:https://www.debian.org/social_contract.html#guidelines