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geekpi
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Three Ways to Exclude Specific/Certain Packages from Yum Update)
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[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/redhat-centos-yum-update-exclude-specific-packages/)
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[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
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Three Ways to Exclude Specific/Certain Packages from Yum Update
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======
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As part of system update, you may need to exclude few of the packages due to application dependency in Red Hat based system.
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If yes, how to exclude, how many ways that can be done.
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Yes, it can be done in three ways, we will teach you all three methods in this article.
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A package manager is a collection of tools that allow users to easily manage packages in Linux system.
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It allows users to install, update/upgrade, remove, query, re-install, and search packages in Linux system.
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For Red Hat and it’s clone, we uses **[yum Package Manager][1]** and **[rpm Package Manager][2]** for package management.
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### What’s yum?
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yum stands for Yellowdog Updater, Modified. Yum is an automatic updater and package installer/remover for rpm systems.
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It automatically resolve dependencies when installing a package.
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### What’s rpm?
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rpm stands for Red Hat Package Manager is a powerful package management tool for Red Hat system.
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The name RPM refers to `.rpm` file format that containing compiled software’s and necessary libraries for the package.
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You may interested to read the following articles, which is related to this topic. If so, navigate to appropriate links.
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* **[How To Check Available Security Updates On Red Hat (RHEL) And CentOS System][3]**
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* **[Four Ways To Install Security Updates On Red Hat (RHEL) And CentOS Systems][4]**
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* **[Two Methods To Check Or List Installed Security Updates on Redhat (RHEL) And CentOS System][5]**
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### Method-1: Exclude Packages with yum Command Manually or Temporarily
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We can use `--exclude or -x` switch with yum command to exclude specific packages from getting updated through yum command.
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I can say, this is a temporary method or On-Demand method. If you want to exclude specific package only once then we can go with this method.
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The below command will update all packages except kernel.
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To exclude single package.
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```
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# yum update --exclude=kernel
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or
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# yum update -x 'kernel'
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```
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To exclude multiple packages. The below command will update all packages except kernel and php.
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```
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# yum update --exclude=kernel* --exclude=php*
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or
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# yum update --exclude httpd,php
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```
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### Method-2: Exclude Packages with yum Command Permanently
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This is permanent method and you can use this, if you are frequently performing the patch update.
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To do so, add the required packages in /etc/yum.conf to disable packages updates permanently.
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Once you add an entry, you don’t need to specify these package each time you run yum update command. Also, this prevent packages from any accidental update.
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```
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# vi /etc/yum.conf
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[main]
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cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever
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keepcache=0
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debuglevel=2
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logfile=/var/log/yum.log
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exactarch=1
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obsoletes=1
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gpgcheck=1
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plugins=1
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installonly_limit=3
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exclude=kernel* php*
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```
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### Method-3: Exclude Packages Using Yum versionlock plugin
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This is also permanent method similar to above. Yum versionlock plugin allow users to lock specified packages from being updated through yum command.
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To do so, run the following command. The below command will exclude the freetype package from yum update.
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Alternatively, you can add the package entry directly in “/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/versionlock.list” file.
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```
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# yum versionlock add freetype
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Loaded plugins: changelog, package_upload, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager, verify, versionlock
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Adding versionlock on: 0:freetype-2.8-12.el7
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versionlock added: 1
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```
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Run the following command to check the list of packages locked by versionlock plugin.
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```
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# yum versionlock list
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Loaded plugins: changelog, package_upload, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager, verify, versionlock
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0:freetype-2.8-12.el7.*
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versionlock list done
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```
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Run the following command to discards the list.
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```
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# yum versionlock clear
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```
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.2daygeek.com/redhat-centos-yum-update-exclude-specific-packages/
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作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/yum-command-examples-manage-packages-rhel-centos-systems/
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[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/rpm-command-examples/
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[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/check-list-view-find-available-security-updates-on-redhat-rhel-centos-system/
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[4]: https://www.2daygeek.com/install-security-updates-on-redhat-rhel-centos-system/
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[5]: https://www.2daygeek.com/check-installed-security-updates-on-redhat-rhel-and-centos-system/
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@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Three Ways to Exclude Specific/Certain Packages from Yum Update)
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[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/redhat-centos-yum-update-exclude-specific-packages/)
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[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
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从 Yum 更新中排除特定/某些包的三种方法
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======
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作为系统更新的一部分，你也许需要在基于 Red Hat 系统中由于应用依赖排除一些软件包。
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如果是，如何排除？可以采取多少种方式？
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有三种方式可以做到，我们会在本篇中教你这三种方法。
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包管理器是一组工具，它允许用户在 Linux 系统中轻松管理包。
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它能让用户在 Linux 系统中安装、更新/升级、删除、查询、重新安装和搜索软件包。
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对于基于 Red Hat 的系统，我们使用 **[yum 包管理器][1]** 和 **[rpm 包管理器][2]** 进行包管理。
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### 什么是 yum？
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yum 代表 Yellowdog Updater，Modified。Yum 是用于 rpm 系统的自动更新程序和包安装/卸载器。
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它在安装包时自动解决依赖关系。
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### 什么是 rpm？
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rpm 代表 Red Hat Package Manager ，它是一款用于 Red Hat 系统的功能强大的包管理工具。
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RPM 指的是 `.rpm` 文件格式，它包含已编译的软件和必要的库。
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你可能有兴趣阅读以下与本主题相关的文章。如果是的话，请进入相应的链接。
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* ** [如何检查 Red Hat（RHEL）和 CentOS 系统上的可用安全更新] [3] **
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* ** [在 Red Hat（RHEL）和 CentOS 系统上安装安全更新的四种方法] [4] **
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* ** [在 Redhat（RHEL）和 CentOS 系统上检查或列出已安装的安全更新的两种方法] [5] **
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### 方法 1：手动或临时用 yum 命令排除包
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我们可以在 yum 中使用 `--exclude 或 -x` 开关来阻止 yum 命令获取特定包的更新。
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我可以说，这是一种临时方法或按需方法。如果你只想将特定包排除一次，那么我们可以使用此方法。
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以下命令将更新除 kernel 之外的所有软件包。
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要排除单个包。
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```
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# yum update --exclude=kernel
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或者
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# yum update -x 'kernel'
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```
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要排除多个包。以下命令将更新除 kernel 和 php 之外的所有软件包。
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```
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# yum update --exclude=kernel* --exclude=php*
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或者
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# yum update --exclude httpd,php
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```
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### 方法 2：在 yum 命令中永久排除软件包
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这是永久性方法，如果你经常执行修补程序更新，那么可以使用此方法。
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为此，请在 /etc/yum.conf 中添加相应的软件包以永久禁用软件包更新。
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添加后，每次运行 yum update 命令时都不需要指定这些包。此外，这可以防止任何意外更新这些包。
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```
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# vi /etc/yum.conf
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[main]
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cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever
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keepcache=0
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debuglevel=2
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logfile=/var/log/yum.log
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exactarch=1
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obsoletes=1
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gpgcheck=1
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plugins=1
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installonly_limit=3
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exclude=kernel* php*
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```
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### 方法 3：使用 Yum versionlock 插件排除包
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这也是与上面类似的永久方法。Yum versionlock 插件允许用户通过 yum 命令锁定指定包的更新。
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为此，请运行以下命令。以下命令将从 yum update 中排除 freetype 包。
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或者，你可以直接在 “/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/versionlock.list” 中添加条目。
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```
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# yum versionlock add freetype
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Loaded plugins: changelog, package_upload, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager, verify, versionlock
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Adding versionlock on: 0:freetype-2.8-12.el7
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versionlock added: 1
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```
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运行以下命令来检查被 versionlock 插件锁定的软件包列表。
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```
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# yum versionlock list
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Loaded plugins: changelog, package_upload, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager, verify, versionlock
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0:freetype-2.8-12.el7.*
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versionlock list done
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```
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运行以下命令清空该列表。
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```
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# yum versionlock clear
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```
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.2daygeek.com/redhat-centos-yum-update-exclude-specific-packages/
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作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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||||
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||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/yum-command-examples-manage-packages-rhel-centos-systems/
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[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/rpm-command-examples/
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[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/check-list-view-find-available-security-updates-on-redhat-rhel-centos-system/
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[4]: https://www.2daygeek.com/install-security-updates-on-redhat-rhel-centos-system/
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[5]: https://www.2daygeek.com/check-installed-security-updates-on-redhat-rhel-and-centos-system/
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