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PUB:20141017 Munich sheds light on the cost of dropping Linux and returning to Windows

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慕尼黑市市长透露重返 Windows 的费用
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> **摘要**: 慕尼黑市市长透露了在该市摆脱微软十年之后再次放弃 Linux 重返 Windows 的费用，大约需要数以百万计的欧元。
慕尼黑市市长透露，重返 Windows 将需要花费上百万欧元购买新的硬件。
今年早些时候，该市新当选的市长提出慕尼黑可能重返 Windows，尽管市当局[用了若干年才迁移到基于 Linux 的操作系统和开源软件][1]（摘要译文：http://linux.cn/article-2294-1.html）。
作为最著名的从微软迁移到 Linux 桌面系统的案例，慕尼黑投向开源软件的做法一直引发各种争议和讨论。慕尼黑的迁移始于2004年，还有一些德国的地方当局也[追随它的脚步转向开源][2]。
目前还没有[制定好返回 Windows 桌面的计划][3]，但是当局正在调研哪种操作系统和软件包（包括专有软件和开源软件）更适合他们的需求。调研报告也将统计迁移到开源软件所花费的费用。
Dieter Reiter市长在[回应慕尼黑的绿党的问询][4]时透露了重返 Windows 的费用。
Reiter 说，迁移到 Windows 7 需要替换它14000名以上的职员的所有个人电脑，此举将花费 315万欧元。这还没有包括软件许可证费用和基础设施的投入，Reiter 说由于没有进一步计划，所以还没办法测算。他说，如果迁移到 Windows 8 将花费更多。
Reiter 说，返回微软将导致迁移到 [Limux][5]、OpenOffice 及其它开源开源所花费的1400万欧元打了水漂。而部署 Limux 并从微软 Office 迁移的项目实施、支持、培训、修改系统以及 Limux 相关软件的授权等工作都将被搁置，他补充道。
他还透露说，（之前）迁移到 Limux 为市政府节约了大概1100万欧元的许可证和硬件费用，因为基于 Ubuntu 的 Limux 操作系统要比升级较新版本的 Windows 对硬件的需要要低。
在这个回应中 Reiter 告诉 Stadtbild 杂志说，他是微软的粉丝，但是这并不会影响到这份 IT 审计报告。
“在接受 Stadtbild 杂志的采访中我透露我是微软粉丝后，我就收到了大量的信件，询问我们的 IT 团队是否能令人满意的满足用户在任何时候的需求，以及是否有足够的能力为一个现代化大都市的政府服务。”
“这件事有许多方面，用户满意度是其中之一。这和我个人偏好无关，也和我在开源方面的经验无关。”
在他的回应中，并不是由于职员们的对迁移到开源的抱怨而导致本次审计的决定。他说，这是来自对职员在 IT 方面的调查而产生的审计，并不独是 Limux OS。
他还提到了一个 Windows 和基于 Linux 的操作系统的相对安全的问题。他指出，根据德国国家安全局 BSI 的信息，发现 Linux 要比 Windows 漏洞更多，不过只是使用量较少罢了。然而他也补充说，这种比较也许有不同的解释。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.zdnet.com/munich-sheds-light-on-the-cost-of-dropping-linux-and-returning-to-windows-7000034718/
作者：[Avishek Kumar][a]
译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://www.zdnet.com/meet-the-team/uk/nick-heath/
[1]:http://www.techrepublic.com/article/how-munich-rejected-steve-ballmer-and-kicked-microsoft-out-of-the-city/
[2]:http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/european-technology/its-not-just-munich-open-source-gains-new-ground-in-germany/
[3]:http://www.techrepublic.com/article/no-munich-isnt-about-to-ditch-free-software-and-move-back-to-windows/
[4]:http://www.ris-muenchen.de/RII2/RII/DOK/ANTRAG/3456728.pdf
[5]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiMux

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Munich sheds light on the cost of dropping Linux and returning to Windows
================================================================================
> **Summary**: The mayor of Munich has revealed that abandoning Linux and returning to Windows, after spending years moving away from Microsoft, would cost the German city millions of euros.
The mayor of Munich has revealed the cost of reversing its move to Linux from Windows will run into millions of euros in hardware alone.
Earlier this year the newly elected mayors of Munich raised the possibility the city could return to Windows, despite the authority having [spent years switching to a Linux-based OS and free software][1].
Munich's adoption of open source software continues to generate debate, as one of best known examples of a large organisation swapping Microsoft for Linux on the desktop. Since Munich began its migration in 2004, a number of German authorities have [followed a similar path][2].
No [return to using Windows as the main desktop OS is planned][3], but the council is intending to conduct a study to see which operating systems and software packages - both proprietary and open source - best fit its needs. The audit would also take into account the work already carried out to move the council to free software.
Now in [a response to Munich's Green Party][4] the mayor Dieter Reiter has revealed the cost of returning to Windows.
Reiter said that moving to Windows 7 would require the council to replace all the PCs for its 14,000-plus staff, a move he said would cost €3.15 million. That figure did not include software licensing and infrastructure costs, which Reiter said could not be calculated without further planning. He said a move to Windows 8 would be far more costly.
Reiter said going back to Microsoft would mean writing off about €14m of work it had carried out to shift to [Limux][5], OpenOffice and other free software. Work on project implementation, support, training, modifying systems, licensing of Limux-specific software, on setting up Limux and migrating from Microsoft Office would have to be shelved, he said.
He also revealed that the move to Limux had saved the council about €11m in licensing and hardware costs, as the Ubuntu-based Limux operating system was less demanding than if it had upgraded to a newer version of Windows.
In the response Reiter addressed reports that he had told Stadtbild magazine that he was a Microsoft fan, saying his personal beliefs had no bearing on the IT audit.
"Since my interview in Stadtbild in which I was portrayed as a Microsoft fan, I have received much correspondence about whether our IT can satisfactorily meet the needs of users at all times and whether it’s powerful enough for a modern metropolitan authority.
"There are many aspects to this, one of which is the corresponding user satisfaction. It's not about my personal taste, nor my individual experiences with open source."
Suggestions the decision to hold an audit was driven by complaints from staff about the shift to open source were not substantiated in Reiter's response. He said a workplace questionnaire had generated responses from staff relating to a range of IT issues and not just the Limux OS.
He also addressed a question about the relative security and Windows and Linux-based OSes. Reiter referred to a recent study by the German national security agency BSI, which found that Linux had a higher number of vulnerabilities than Windows but a smaller proporition of critical ones. However, he added the comparison was open to interpretation.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.zdnet.com/munich-sheds-light-on-the-cost-of-dropping-linux-and-returning-to-windows-7000034718/
作者：[Avishek Kumar][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://www.zdnet.com/meet-the-team/uk/nick-heath/
[1]:http://www.techrepublic.com/article/how-munich-rejected-steve-ballmer-and-kicked-microsoft-out-of-the-city/
[2]:http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/european-technology/its-not-just-munich-open-source-gains-new-ground-in-germany/
[3]:http://www.techrepublic.com/article/no-munich-isnt-about-to-ditch-free-software-and-move-back-to-windows/
[4]:http://www.ris-muenchen.de/RII2/RII/DOK/ANTRAG/3456728.pdf
[5]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiMux