mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2024-12-26 21:30:55 +08:00
PRF:20180509 3 Methods To Install Latest Python3 Package On CentOS 6 System.md
@pinewall
This commit is contained in:
Xingyu.Wang
parent
bfb22bf177
commit
bb25533938
@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
|
||||
在 CentOS 6 系统上安装最新版 Python3 软件包的 3 种方法
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
CentOS 克隆自 RHEL，无需付费即可使用。CentOS 是一个企业级标准的、前沿的操作系统，被超过 90% 的网络主机托管商采用，因为它提供了技术领先的服务器控制面板 cPanel/WHM。
|
||||
|
||||
该控制面板使得用户无需进入命令行即可通过其管理一切。
|
||||
|
||||
众所周知，RHEL 提供长期支持，出于稳定性考虑，不提供最新版本的软件包。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想安装的最新版本软件包不在默认源中，你需要手动编译源码安装。
|
||||
|
||||
但手动编译安装的方式有不小的风险，即如果出现新版本，无法升级手动安装的软件包；你不得不重新手动安装。
|
||||
如果你想安装的最新版本软件包不在默认源中，你需要手动编译源码安装。但手动编译安装的方式有不小的风险，即如果出现新版本，无法升级手动安装的软件包；你不得不重新手动安装。
|
||||
|
||||
那么在这种情况下，安装最新版软件包的推荐方法和方案是什么呢？是的，可以通过为系统添加所需的第三方源来达到目的。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -18,19 +17,20 @@ CentOS 克隆自 RHEL，无需付费即可使用。CentOS 是一个企业级标
|
||||
|
||||
在本教程中，我们将向你展示，如何在 CentOS 6 操作系统上安装最新版本的 Python 3 软件包。
|
||||
|
||||
### 方法 1：使用 Software Collections 源 (SCL)
|
||||
### 方法 1：使用 Software Collections 源 （SCL）
|
||||
|
||||
SCL 源目前由 CentOS SIG 维护，除了重新编译构建 Red Hat 的 Software Collections 外，还额外提供一些它们自己的软件包。
|
||||
|
||||
该源中包含不少程序的更高版本，可以在不改变原有旧版本程序包的情况下安装，使用时需要通过 scl 命令调用。
|
||||
该源中包含不少程序的更高版本，可以在不改变原有旧版本程序包的情况下安装，使用时需要通过 `scl` 命令调用。
|
||||
|
||||
运行如下命令可以在 CentOS 上安装 SCL 源：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# yum install centos-release-scl
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
检查可用的 Python 3 版本：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# yum info rh-python35
|
||||
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
|
||||
@ -38,149 +38,148 @@ Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
|
||||
* epel: ewr.edge.kernel.org
|
||||
* remi-safe: mirror.team-cymru.com
|
||||
Available Packages
|
||||
Name : rh-python35
|
||||
Arch : x86_64
|
||||
Version : 2.0
|
||||
Release : 2.el6
|
||||
Size : 0.0
|
||||
Repo : installed
|
||||
From repo : centos-sclo-rh
|
||||
Summary : Package that installs rh-python35
|
||||
License : GPLv2+
|
||||
Name : rh-python35
|
||||
Arch : x86_64
|
||||
Version : 2.0
|
||||
Release : 2.el6
|
||||
Size : 0.0
|
||||
Repo : installed
|
||||
From repo : centos-sclo-rh
|
||||
Summary : Package that installs rh-python35
|
||||
License : GPLv2+
|
||||
Description : This is the main package for rh-python35 Software Collection.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
运行如下命令从 scl 源安装可用的最新版 python 3：
|
||||
运行如下命令从 `scl` 源安装可用的最新版 python 3：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# yum install rh-python35
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
运行如下特殊的 scl 命令，在当前 shell 中启用安装的软件包：
|
||||
运行如下特殊的 `scl` 命令，在当前 shell 中启用安装的软件包：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# scl enable rh-python35 bash
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
运行如下命令检查安装的 python3 版本：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# python --version
|
||||
Python 3.5.1
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
运行如下命令获取系统已安装的 SCL 软件包列表：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# scl -l
|
||||
rh-python35
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 方法 2：使用 EPEL 源 (Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux)
|
||||
### 方法 2：使用 EPEL 源 (Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux）
|
||||
|
||||
EPEL 是 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 的缩写，该源由 Fedora SIG (Special Interest Group) 维护。
|
||||
EPEL 是 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 的缩写，该源由 Fedora SIG （Special Interest Group）维护。
|
||||
|
||||
该 SIG 为企业级 Linux 创建、维护并管理一系列高品质补充软件包，受益的企业级 Linux 发行版包括但不限于红帽企业级 Linux (RHEL), CentOS, Scientific Linux (SL) 和 Oracle Linux (OL)等。
|
||||
该 SIG 为企业级 Linux 创建、维护并管理了一系列高品质补充软件包，受益的企业级 Linux 发行版包括但不限于红帽企业级 Linux （RHEL）、 CentOS、 Scientific Linux （SL） 和 Oracle Linux （OL）等。
|
||||
|
||||
EPEL 通常基于 Fedora 对应代码提供软件包，不会与企业级 Linux 发行版中的基础软件包冲突或替换其中的软件包。
|
||||
|
||||
**推荐阅读：** [在 RHEL, CentOS, Oracle Linux 或 Scientific Linux 上安装启用 EPEL 源][1]
|
||||
|
||||
EPEL 软件包位于 CentOS 的 Extra 源中，已经默认启用，故我们只需运行如下命令即可：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# yum install epel-release
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
检查可用的 python 3 版本：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="epel" info python34
|
||||
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
|
||||
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
|
||||
* epel: ewr.edge.kernel.org
|
||||
Available Packages
|
||||
Name : python34
|
||||
Arch : x86_64
|
||||
Version : 3.4.5
|
||||
Release : 4.el6
|
||||
Size : 50 k
|
||||
Repo : epel
|
||||
Summary : Version 3 of the Python programming language aka Python 3000
|
||||
URL : http://www.python.org/
|
||||
License : Python
|
||||
Name : python34
|
||||
Arch : x86_64
|
||||
Version : 3.4.5
|
||||
Release : 4.el6
|
||||
Size : 50 k
|
||||
Repo : epel
|
||||
Summary : Version 3 of the Python programming language aka Python 3000
|
||||
URL : http://www.python.org/
|
||||
License : Python
|
||||
Description : Python 3 is a new version of the language that is incompatible with the 2.x
|
||||
: line of releases. The language is mostly the same, but many details, especially
|
||||
: how built-in objects like dictionaries and strings work, have changed
|
||||
: considerably, and a lot of deprecated features have finally been removed.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
: line of releases. The language is mostly the same, but many details, especially
|
||||
: how built-in objects like dictionaries and strings work, have changed
|
||||
: considerably, and a lot of deprecated features have finally been removed.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
运行如下命令从 EPEL 源安装可用的最新版 python 3 软件包：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="epel" install python34
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
默认情况下并不会安装 pip 和 setuptools，我们需要运行如下命令手动安装：
|
||||
默认情况下并不会安装 `pip` 和 `setuptools`，我们需要运行如下命令手动安装：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# curl -O https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
|
||||
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
|
||||
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
|
||||
100 1603k 100 1603k 0 0 2633k 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 4816k
|
||||
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
|
||||
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
|
||||
100 1603k 100 1603k 0 0 2633k 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 4816k
|
||||
|
||||
# /usr/bin/python3.4 get-pip.py
|
||||
Collecting pip
|
||||
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/0f/74/ecd13431bcc456ed390b44c8a6e917c1820365cbebcb6a8974d1cd045ab4/pip-10.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
|
||||
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/0f/74/ecd13431bcc456ed390b44c8a6e917c1820365cbebcb6a8974d1cd045ab4/pip-10.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
|
||||
Collecting setuptools
|
||||
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8c/10/79282747f9169f21c053c562a0baa21815a8c7879be97abd930dbcf862e8/setuptools-39.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (566kB)
|
||||
100% |████████████████████████████████| 573kB 4.0MB/s
|
||||
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8c/10/79282747f9169f21c053c562a0baa21815a8c7879be97abd930dbcf862e8/setuptools-39.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (566kB)
|
||||
100% |████████████████████████████████| 573kB 4.0MB/s
|
||||
Collecting wheel
|
||||
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1b/d2/22cde5ea9af055f81814f9f2545f5ed8a053eb749c08d186b369959189a8/wheel-0.31.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (41kB)
|
||||
100% |████████████████████████████████| 51kB 8.0MB/s
|
||||
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1b/d2/22cde5ea9af055f81814f9f2545f5ed8a053eb749c08d186b369959189a8/wheel-0.31.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (41kB)
|
||||
100% |████████████████████████████████| 51kB 8.0MB/s
|
||||
Installing collected packages: pip, setuptools, wheel
|
||||
Successfully installed pip-10.0.1 setuptools-39.1.0 wheel-0.31.0
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
运行如下命令检查已安装的 python3 版本：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# python3 --version
|
||||
Python 3.4.5
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 方法 3：使用 IUS 社区源
|
||||
|
||||
IUS 社区是 CentOS 社区批准的第三方 RPM 源，为企业级 Linux (RHEL 和 CentOS) 5, 6 和 7 版本提供最新上游版本的 PHP, Python, MySQL 等软件包。
|
||||
IUS 社区是 CentOS 社区批准的第三方 RPM 源，为企业级 Linux （RHEL 和 CentOS） 5、 6 和 7 版本提供最新上游版本的 PHP、 Python、 MySQL 等软件包。
|
||||
|
||||
IUS 社区源依赖于 EPEL 源，故我们需要先安装 EPEL 源，然后再安装 IUS 社区源。按照下面的步骤安装启用 EPEL 源和 IUS 社区源，利用该 RPM 系统安装软件包。
|
||||
|
||||
**推荐阅读：** [在 RHEL 或 CentOS 上安装启用 IUS 社区源][2]
|
||||
|
||||
EPEL 软件包位于 CentOS 的 Extra 源中，已经默认启用，故我们只需运行如下命令即可：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# yum install epel-release
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
下载 IUS 社区源安装脚本：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# curl 'https://setup.ius.io/' -o setup-ius.sh
|
||||
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
|
||||
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
|
||||
100 1914 100 1914 0 0 6563 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 133k
|
||||
|
||||
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
|
||||
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
|
||||
100 1914 100 1914 0 0 6563 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 133k
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
安装启用 IUS 社区源：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# sh setup-ius.sh
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
检查可用的 python 3 版本：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# yum --enablerepo=ius info python36u
|
||||
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
|
||||
@ -189,46 +188,45 @@ Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
|
||||
* ius: mirror.team-cymru.com
|
||||
* remi-safe: mirror.team-cymru.com
|
||||
Available Packages
|
||||
Name : python36u
|
||||
Arch : x86_64
|
||||
Version : 3.6.5
|
||||
Release : 1.ius.centos6
|
||||
Size : 55 k
|
||||
Repo : ius
|
||||
Summary : Interpreter of the Python programming language
|
||||
URL : https://www.python.org/
|
||||
License : Python
|
||||
Name : python36u
|
||||
Arch : x86_64
|
||||
Version : 3.6.5
|
||||
Release : 1.ius.centos6
|
||||
Size : 55 k
|
||||
Repo : ius
|
||||
Summary : Interpreter of the Python programming language
|
||||
URL : https://www.python.org/
|
||||
License : Python
|
||||
Description : Python is an accessible, high-level, dynamically typed, interpreted programming
|
||||
: language, designed with an emphasis on code readability.
|
||||
: It includes an extensive standard library, and has a vast ecosystem of
|
||||
: third-party libraries.
|
||||
:
|
||||
: The python36u package provides the "python3.6" executable: the reference
|
||||
: interpreter for the Python language, version 3.
|
||||
: The majority of its standard library is provided in the python36u-libs package,
|
||||
: which should be installed automatically along with python36u.
|
||||
: The remaining parts of the Python standard library are broken out into the
|
||||
: python36u-tkinter and python36u-test packages, which may need to be installed
|
||||
: separately.
|
||||
:
|
||||
: Documentation for Python is provided in the python36u-docs package.
|
||||
:
|
||||
: Packages containing additional libraries for Python are generally named with
|
||||
: the "python36u-" prefix.
|
||||
|
||||
: language, designed with an emphasis on code readability.
|
||||
: It includes an extensive standard library, and has a vast ecosystem of
|
||||
: third-party libraries.
|
||||
:
|
||||
: The python36u package provides the "python3.6" executable: the reference
|
||||
: interpreter for the Python language, version 3.
|
||||
: The majority of its standard library is provided in the python36u-libs package,
|
||||
: which should be installed automatically along with python36u.
|
||||
: The remaining parts of the Python standard library are broken out into the
|
||||
: python36u-tkinter and python36u-test packages, which may need to be installed
|
||||
: separately.
|
||||
:
|
||||
: Documentation for Python is provided in the python36u-docs package.
|
||||
:
|
||||
: Packages containing additional libraries for Python are generally named with
|
||||
: the "python36u-" prefix.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
运行如下命令从 IUS 源安装最新可用版本的 python 3 软件包：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# yum --enablerepo=ius install python36u
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
运行如下命令检查已安装的 python3 版本：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# python3.6 --version
|
||||
Python 3.6.5
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
@ -238,7 +236,7 @@ via: https://www.2daygeek.com/3-methods-to-install-latest-python3-package-on-cen
|
||||
作者：[PRAKASH SUBRAMANIAN][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
|
||||
译者：[pinewall](https://github.com/pinewall)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user