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Xingyu Wang
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (wxy)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Fedora Desktops – Memory Footprints)
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[#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/fedora-desktops-memory-footprints/)
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[#]: author: (Troy Dawson https://fedoramagazine.org/author/tdawson/)
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Fedora Desktops – Memory Footprints
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======
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![][1]
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There are over 40 desktops in Fedora. Each desktop has it’s own strengths and weaknesses. Usually picking a desktop is a very personal preference based on features, looks, and other qualities. Sometimes, what you pick for a desktop is limited by hardware constraints.
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This article is to help people compare Fedora desktops based on the desktop baseline memory. To narrow the scope, we are only looking at the desktops that have an official Fedora Live image.
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### Installation and Setup
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Each of the desktops was installed on it’s own KVM virtual machine. Each virtual machine had 1 CPU, 4GB of memory, 15 GB virtio solid state disk, and everything else that comes standard on RHEL 8.0 kvm.
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The images for installation were the standard Fedora 31 Live images. For GNOME, that image was the Fedora Workstation. For the other desktops, the corresponding Spin was used. Sugar On A Stick (SOAS) was not tested because it does not install easily onto a local drive.
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The virtual machine booted into the Live CD. “Install to Hard Disk” was selected. During the install, only the defaults were used. A root user, and a regular users were created. After installation and reboot, the Live image was verified to not be in the virtual CDROM.
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The settings for each desktop was not touched. They each ran whatever settings came default from the Live CD installation. Each desktop was logged into via the regular user. A terminal was opened. Using sudo each machine ran “dnf -y update”. After update, in that sudo terminal, each machine ran “/sbin/shutdown -h now” to shut down.
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### Testing
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Each machine was started up. The desktop was logged into via the regular user. Three of the desktop terminals were opened. xterm was never used, it was always the terminal for that desktop, such as konsole.
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In one terminal, top was started and M pressed, showing the processes sorted by memory. In another terminal, a simple while loop showed “free -m” every 30 seconds. The third terminal was idle.
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I then waited 5 minutes. This allowed any startup services to finish. I recorded the final free result, as well as the final top three memory consumers from top.
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### Results
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* Cinnamon
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* 624 MB Memory used
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* cinnamon 4.8% / Xorg 2.2% / dnfdragora 1.8%
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* GNOME
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* 612 MB Memory used
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* gnome-shell 6.9% / gnome-software 1.8% / ibus-x11 1.5%
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* KDE
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* 733 MB Memory used
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* plasmashell 6.2% / kwin_x11 3.6% / akonadi_mailfil 2.9%
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* LXDE
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* 318 MB Memory used
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* Xorg 1.9% / nm-applet 1.8% / dnfdragora 1.8%
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* LXQt
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* 391 MB Memory used
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* lxqt-panel 2.2% / pcmanfm-qt 2.1% / Xorg 2.1%
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* MATE
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* 465 MB Memory used
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* Xorg 2.5% / dnfdragora 1.8% / caja 1.5%
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* XFCE
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* 448 MB Memory used
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* Xorg 2.3% / xfwm4 2.0% / dnfdragora 1.8%
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### Conclusion
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I will let the numbers speak for themselves.
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Remember that these numbers are from a default Live install. If you remove, or add services and features, your memory usage will change. But this is a good baseline to look at if you are determining your desktop based on memory consumption.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://fedoramagazine.org/fedora-desktops-memory-footprints/
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作者：[Troy Dawson][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/tdawson/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/desktop-memory-footprint-816x346.jpg
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@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (wxy)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Fedora Desktops – Memory Footprints)
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[#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/fedora-desktops-memory-footprints/)
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[#]: author: (Troy Dawson https://fedoramagazine.org/author/tdawson/)
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Fedora 上的桌面环境内存占用测试
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======
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![][1]
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Fedora 中有 40 多中桌面环境。每种桌面环境都有自己的优点和缺点。通常，根据功能、外观和其他品质，选择桌面是非常个人的偏爱。但有时，你选择的桌面环境还会受到硬件限制。
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本文旨在帮助人们根据桌面环境占用的基准内存来比较 Fedora 桌面环境。为了缩小范围，我们仅查看具有正式 Fedora Live 镜像的桌面环境。
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### 安装与系统配置
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每个桌面环境都安装在自己的 KVM 虚拟机上。每个虚拟机都有 1 个 CPU、4GB 内存、15GB virtio 固态磁盘，以及 RHEL 8.0 kvm 上所有其他标准配置。
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用于安装的镜像是标准的 Fedora 31 Live 镜像。对于 GNOME，该镜像是 Fedora 工作站。对于其他桌面，使用了相应的 Spin 版本。未对“<ruby>糖葫芦<rt>Sugar On A Stick</rt></ruby>”（SOAS）进行测试，因为它不容易安装到本地驱动器上。
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用 Live CD 启动虚拟机，然后选择“安装到硬盘”。在安装过程中，仅使用默认值。创建一个 root 用户和一个普通用户。安装并重新启动后，live 镜像已确认不在虚拟 CDROM 中。
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每个桌面环境的设置都没有改动。它们每个都以 Live CD 安装中默认的设置运行。每个桌面环境都是通过普通用户登录的。打开了一个终端，在每台虚拟机中都使用 `sudo` 运行了 `dnf -y update`。在更新后，在该 sudo 终端中，每台虚拟机都运行 `/sbin/shutdown -h now` 以关闭。
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### 测试方式
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每台机器都已启动。桌面环境已通过普通用户登录。打开了三个桌面终端。xterm 从未使用过，始终用的是该桌面环境的终端，例如 konsole。
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在一个终端中，启动 `top` 并按下 `M`，以显示按内存排序的进程。在另一个终端中，一个简单的 `while` 循环每 30 秒显示一次 `free -m`。第三个终端闲置。
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然后，我等待了 5 分钟。这样就可以让所有启动的服务都启动完成。我记录了最终的 `free` 结果，以及 `top` 中最终的前三名内存使用者。
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### 结果
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* Cinnamon
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* 使用了624 MB
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* cinnamon 4.8% / Xorg 2.2% / dnfdragora 1.8%
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* GNOME
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* 使用了 612 MB
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* gnome-shell 6.9% / gnome-software 1.8% / ibus-x11 1.5%
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* KDE
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* 使用了 733 MB
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* plasmashell 6.2% / kwin_x11 3.6% / akonadi_mailfil 2.9%
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* LXDE
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* 使用了 318 MB
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* Xorg 1.9% / nm-applet 1.8% / dnfdragora 1.8%
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* LXQt
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* 使用了 391 MB
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* lxqt-panel 2.2% / pcmanfm-qt 2.1% / Xorg 2.1%
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* MATE
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* 使用了 465 MB
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* Xorg 2.5% / dnfdragora 1.8% / caja 1.5%
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* XFCE
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* 使用了 448 MB
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* Xorg 2.3% / xfwm4 2.0% / dnfdragora 1.8%
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### 结论
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我会让数字说明一切。
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请记住，这些数字来自默认的 Live 安装环境。如果删除或添加服务和功能，则内存使用量将发生变化。但是，如果要根据内存消耗确定桌面环境，这是一个很好的基准。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://fedoramagazine.org/fedora-desktops-memory-footprints/
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作者：[Troy Dawson][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/tdawson/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/desktop-memory-footprint-816x346.jpg
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