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Red Hat prepares for 64-bit ARM servers
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> ARM processors could lead to server racks with thousands of nodes, the Red Hat ARM chief predicts
IDG News Service - Enterprise open-source software vendor Red Hat is keeping an eye on the development of 64-bit ARM processors for servers, building up expertise in case the nascent platform takes hold in the data center.
"You don't see us in the market today with commercial offerings, but what we are building a competency ahead of some of the 64-bit technology that is coming. So further down the line, if we do have a need to respond to the market, we will have the capability to do that," said Jon Masters, chief ARM architect at Red Hat. Masters spoke Friday at the USENIX LISA (Large Installation System Administration) conference in Washington, D.C.
The ARM processor represents a "sea change in computing," Masters said. While already the dominant architecture for smartphone and embedded computing devices, ARM processors could also play a role in the data center. Over the past year, servers based on ARM processors have started to show up in the server market. HP is already selling ARM-based servers with its Moonshot line.
For the data center, because of its low-power design, ARM could bring about an age of hyperscale computing, in which thousands of tiny compute nodes can be packed into a single server rack. "It is a fundamental difference in terms of the sheer scale of what we will be able to build in the near future," Masters said.
The ARM processors may not run at the speed of x86 processors, but they can offer most of the performance with a fraction of the energy usage, meaning more processors can be packed into a smaller space. "You can take the same technology that goes into your cell phone and make that part of a dense server design" Masters said.
Many jobs do not require the fastest processors available, he said. Instead the workloads can be spread across more processors. "It's about how much data I can move, not necessarily how much compute I can do," he said. Cloud computing and Web applications, for instance, would do equally well spread out across multiple servers as they would running on fewer, but faster servers.
ARM's design could also simplify data-center operations. ARM's system on a chip design can eliminate the need for managing many of the external components of servers. For instance, an ARM processor could offer fabric interconnectivity, reducing the need for external cables and top-of-the-rack switches.
"The days of having discrete cabling for every single blade are numbered," he said.
There is still a lot of work that needs to be done to bring about hyperscale computing, Masters said.
ARM licenses its architecture rather than selling processors as Intel does. As a result, there is a fair amount of variation among the different ARM processors from vendors. "There is a lot of gratuitous variation that we don't need to have," Masters said. This can be problematic for data centers that need uniform systems so they can be managed en masse.
[Linaro][1] is an industry group working to build core open-source software for the ARM platform and part of its mission has been to standardize ARM. Red Hat engineers play a major role in the Linaro Enterprise Group, or LEG, which has been working to standardize the software so users can get one version of Linux to run across ARM processors from multiple vendors. "Those are fundamental expectations in the enterprise space," Masters said.
"We do need to focus on how to make them fundamentally compatible so you can add value further up the stack," he said.
Another issue is the support of peripherals, which hasn't been standardized across 32-bit ARM processors. Masters said that LEG is looking into using the ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) standard or UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) for 64-bit ARM processors. Over time, ARM will offer an automated bus-like capability that will work like PCI buses offer on x86 machines.
Masters said that Red Hat has not made any announcements about when it would release a version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux for ARM, but he did note that the Fedora Project, the community Linux distribution that tests many of the applications that go into RHEL, now offers a distribution for ARM.
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via: http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9243921/Red_Hat_prepares_for_64_bit_ARM_servers?taxonomyId=122
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Red Hat 准备64位ARM服务器
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> ARM处理器可能带来具有成千上万的节点的服务器机架，Red Hat的ARM首席预测
IDG新闻服务 - 企业开源软件供应商Red Hat公司正在密切关注服务器的64位ARM处理器的发展，为保持在数据中心的新生平台建立专业体系。
“你们在当今的商业产品市场看不到我们，但我们已经建立了超越如今一些64位技术的能力。所以接下来，如果我们有一个需要应对的市场，我们将有能力应对，”Red Hat首席ARM设计师Jon Masters说。这是Masters周五在华盛顿特区举行的USENIX LISA（大型安装系统管理）会议上提出的。
ARM处理器代表了“计算上翻天覆地的变化，”Masters说。虽然已经在智能手机和嵌入式计算设备占据主导地位，ARM处理器架构还可以在数据中心发挥作用。在过去的一年中，基于ARM处理器的服务器已经开始出现在服务器市场。惠普已经开始销售基于ARM架构的Moonshot系列服务器。
对于数据中心，ARM可能会带来超大规模计算时代因其低功耗设计，这样数千个微型计算节点可以打包成一个服务器机架。“我们在不久的将来能够建立起完全区别于现今的规模。”Masters说。
ARM处理器可能无法以x86处理器的速度运行，但它们可以提供大部分的性能而只消耗一小部分使用量，这意味着在一个较小的空间可以打包更多的处理器。“你可以用你手机中相同的技术，作为高密度服务器设计的一部分”Masters说。
他说，许多工作并不需要最快的处理器。相反，工作负载可以分布在更多的处理器上。“这和我能移动多少数据有关系，并不一定和我能做多少计算有关，”他说。例如，云计算和Web应用程序运行在多个服务器上，和运行在较少但速度更快的服务器上的表现会同样出色。
ARM的设计也可以简化数据中心操作。ARM系统上芯片设计可以解决管理许多服务器的外部元件的需要。例如，ARM处理器可以提供构造的互联互通，减少外部电缆和顶级机架交换机的需要。
“每一个刀片都具有离散布线已经指日可待了， ”他说。
超大规模计算还需要做大量的工作，Masters说。
ARM授权架构而和英特尔卖处理器不一样。其结果是，从不同供应商提供的不同的ARM处理器有相当程度的变化。“有很多我们不需要的，不必要的变化，”Masters说。 ”这可能成为需要统一系统来管理集体的数据中心的一个问题。
[Linaro][1]是一个致力于为ARM平台和部分已经标准化ARM任务开发核心开源软件的产业群。Red Hat的工程师发挥了重要作用，Linaro企业集团，或称为LEG，一直在努力规范软件，让用户可以得到一个能运行在不同供应商提供的ARM处理器的Linux版本。”这些都是在企业领域的基本期望，”Masters说。
“我们需要把重心放在如何使它们从根本上兼容，这样你可以进一步增加堆栈的值，”他说。
另一个问题是还没标准化的32位ARM处理器被的外部设备支持。Masters说，LEG正在考虑使用64位ARM处理器的ACPI（高级配置和电源接口）标准或UEFI（统一可扩展固件接口）。随着时间的推移，ARM将提供一个自动化类总线能力，比如将提供支持x86的机器的PCI总线。
Masters说，Red Hat还没有发布任何关于什么时候会发布一个ARM架构的Red Hat企业Linux版本的通知，但他明确指出，测试了许多RHEL应用程序的社区Linux发行版Fedora项目，现在已经为ARM提供了一个分布。
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via: http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9243921/Red_Hat_prepares_for_64_bit_ARM_servers?taxonomyId=122
译者：[whatever1992](https://github.com/whatever1992) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[1]:http://www.linaro.org/