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Update and rename sources/tech/20210618 5 more reasons to run Kubernetes in your Linux homelab.md to translated/tech/20210618 5 more reasons to run Kubernetes in your Linux homelab.md
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[#]: subject: (5 more reasons to run Kubernetes in your Linux homelab)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/6/kubernetes-linux-homelab)
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[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth)
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (chai001125)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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5 more reasons to run Kubernetes in your Linux homelab
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======
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Kubernetes' advantages aren't just what it can do, they're also what
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knowing it can do for you.
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![Working from home at a laptop][1]
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In [5 reasons to run Kubernetes on your Raspberry Pi homelab][2], I explain why you might want to use Kubernetes at home. Those reasons are relatively arbitrary, and they mostly focus on outcomes. Aside from what Kubernetes can do, there are several other good reasons to look at Kubernetes as an important next step in your personal computing experience.
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### 1\. It's built on the foundation of Linux
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![T-shirt reading "Containers are Linux"][3]
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(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4])
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Kubernetes has a certain reputation. More accurately, it has several reputations. For some people, it's a mysterious technology with an unpronounceable name. To other people, it's a sheepdog helping them herd an over-abundance of containers. For others, it's a kind of operating system for the cloud, a useful interface to effective cloud development. And for most people, probably, it's back-end software they've never even heard of. As you might expect, it's all of these things and more.
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Not everyone interacts with Kubernetes the same way, but if you have an inclination toward systems administration, you'll find that Kubernetes is _just another Linux command_.
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I have a t-shirt that reads "Containers are Linux," which states what is, upon reflection, obvious. Container technology uses cgroups to run images of a minimal Linux operating system containing an application or set of applications. From start to finish, when you choose to run a container, you're choosing to run Linux. While Kubernetes commands run on many platforms, it's managing Linux containers, and when you interact with Kubernetes through a terminal, it's Linux business as usual: command, options, args, syntax. Running `kubeadm` or (on OKD or OpenShift) `oc` commands feels familiar because they work like any other Linux command you're used to running. What starts out seeming foreign feels natural in no time, and any Linux user interested in spending time in the terminal can find plenty of fun things to explore in Kubernetes.
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### 2\. Flexible
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Kubernetes used to be a little rigid. It supported, essentially, one container runtime—so stringently, in fact, that there's a hardcoded shim to this day to get around that legacy. Luckily, today Kubernetes has become flexible enough to allow for admins' many diverse needs. There's [Podman][5] and [CRI-O][6] available as container engines, both of which can integrate with [systemd][7]. (I meant what I said when I told you it was all Linux underneath.) You have choices of filesystems, cluster size and construction, monitoring tools, images, programming languages, and much more. Frankly, some people say there's _too much_ choice, which is usually when I suspect that after a few more years, it'll have just enough choice for me.
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### 3\. Personal development
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Containers are a fruitful business, and they have the habit of multiplying rapidly. That's by design. Containers are meant to scale, and they scale by spawning clones. Stick the containers into groups (call them _pods_), and automate how pod lifecycles are managed. That's all Kubernetes really is, and it's changing how servers can run.
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You might not need an infinitely scaleable collection of containers, and you may not need anything to help you manage the one or two containers you do run. However, if you're looking to profit from your ability to wrangle pods, then Kubernetes is exactly the tool you want. As more and more companies and organizations go global and embrace [digital transformation][8], Kubernetes is becoming a required skill in IT. If that's the path you're on, it's a good investment to learn it now and get familiar with common problems and their solutions.
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### 4\. Make containers make sense
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You may remember several years ago when open source projects started distributing their code as container images. For many, it was puzzling at the time. Not many admins really [understood what a container was][9], or where the boundaries of the imaginary container were, or how to get into the container, or why data couldn't live inside the container.
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Now, the IT world—including developers—is comfortable with the concept of containers. Delivery to containers just makes sense for a modern [CI/CD workflow][10]. For the sysadmin, though, the advantages of containers are twofold: installation is (theoretically) easier than waiting for a distro to update its packages, and containers scale. Yet it's very likely that neither of these benefits really manifests for you until you've used Kubernetes. Once you start managing containers with Kubernetes and related tools, the benefits of continuous delivery and the ability to scale are probably merely ideas you've read about. Integrate containers into how you manage your servers, and you suddenly understand what the excitement is all about.
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![Apache JMeter][11]
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(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4])
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The most basic of tests makes it pretty clear. Just spin up your favorite web server in a container, create a pod, then hit your server with traffic from [Apache JMeter][12], and watch containers respond.
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### 5\. Cloud-native
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If you do more development than systems administration, Kubernetes provides an excellent platform for what has easily become the biggest target of all: web apps. We all use web apps now, even though most people just think of them as "websites." The web has a hugely significant user base (to say the least), so it makes sense to provide open source applications through the browser. There are some great open source applications that run over a network, and many of those are delivered as containers to provide easy installation and a consistent user experience.
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### Bonus: It's fun
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Remember when you were still new to Linux? For some people, that might have been decades ago, and for others, it's still around the corner. For all of us, though, learning something new can be a fun challenge. If you've reached the point that Linux installs are more a bother than a challenge, you might want to try building a Kubernetes cluster in your broom closet. It will reintroduce you to all kinds of concepts you'd forgotten about. Hacking on plain-text ([YAML][13] specifically) configuration files, configuring network interfaces and networks, routing traffic, poring over the advantages and disadvantages of one backend over another, running `--dry-run` after `--dry-run` tests, tentatively pressing Return to find out whether you got everything right. Honestly, Kubernetes is just fun.
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If you want to build your own infrastructure, there's nothing quite like building your own Kubernetes cluster. A whole new world will open to you. You quickly become a cloud architect, perfecting your open cloud, installing amazing open source web applications in containers, and maybe even offering access to your family and friends.
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You become the solution. It's so very satisfying.
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### Explore Kubernetes
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Kubernetes might seem out of reach at first. It's new, a little scary, and worst yet, it apparently requires a cloud. However, there are a few ways to get started.
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First, install either [Minikube][14] or [Minishift][14]. Both of these allow you to run a local instance of Kubernetes on your personal computer. It's not quite as satisfying as building a cluster and opening it up to your friends, but it's a great, safe way to get familiar with the landscape, commands, and toolkit.
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Once you're ready for the real thing, read Chris Collins' article [Build a Kubernetes cluster with the Raspberry Pi][15]. After that, download our free ebook [Running Kubernetes on your Raspberry Pi homelab][16]. Before you know it, you'll find yourself wearing Kubernetes t-shirts, too.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/21/6/kubernetes-linux-homelab
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作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/wfh_work_home_laptop_work.png?itok=VFwToeMy (Working from home at a laptop)
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[2]: https://opensource.com/article/20/8/kubernetes-raspberry-pi
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[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/containers-are-linux.jpg (T-shirt reading "Containers are Linux")
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[4]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
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[5]: http://podman.io
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[6]: http://cri-o.io
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[7]: https://opensource.com/article/21/5/systemd
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[8]: https://enterprisersproject.com/what-is-digital-transformation
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[9]: https://opensource.com/article/18/11/behind-scenes-linux-containers
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[10]: https://opensource.com/article/18/8/what-cicd
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[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/jmeter.png (Apache JMeter)
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[12]: https://jmeter.apache.org
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[13]: https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/yaml-beginners
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[14]: https://opensource.com/article/18/10/getting-started-minikube
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[15]: https://opensource.com/article/20/6/kubernetes-raspberry-pi
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[16]: https://opensource.com/downloads/kubernetes-raspberry-pi
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@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
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[#]: subject: (5 more reasons to run Kubernetes in your Linux homelab)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/6/kubernetes-linux-homelab)
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[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth)
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (chai001125)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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在你的 Linux 主机上运行 Kubernetes 的 5 个理由
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======
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>Kubernetes 的优势不仅在于它能够做什么，还在于知道它能为你做什么。
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![Working from home at a laptop][1]
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在 [Raspberry Pi <ruby>家庭实验室<rt> homelab </rt></ruby>上运行 Kubernetes 的 5 个理由][2] 这篇文章中，我解释了为什么推荐在家里使用 Kubernetes。其中的理由相对来说会有点随意，并且主要于关注结果。除了 Kubernetes 好用的功能之外，还有其他几个应将 Kubernetes 包含在你自己的计算机的理由。
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（LCTT译注：Homelab 指的是安置在你家里的一个服务器或者多服务器的组合配置。在之上托管了多个服务和虚拟系统，以此来进行测试、开发，或者提供家庭功能用途。）
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### 1、Kubernetes 是基于 Linux 而建立的
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![T-shirt reading "Containers are Linux"][3]
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Kubernetes 有很高的知名度。对于一些人来说，Kubernetes 是一种难以言说的神秘技术；对其他人来说，Kubernetes 就好像是牧羊犬放牧羊群一样，可以帮助他们管理过多的容器；对于另一些人来说，Kubernetes 是一种 <ruby>云<rt> cloud </rt></ruby>的操作系统，是 <ruby>实效云开发<rt> effective cloud development </rt></ruby>的一个有用的界面；对于大多数人来说，Kubernetes 可能是他们从未听说过的后端软件。正如人们所想的那样，Kubernetes 具有所有这些能力，甚至有更多的功能。
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并非每个人都以相同的方式使用 Kubernetes，但如果你主要的工作是系统管理，你会发现 Kubernetes _只是另一个 Linux 命令_。
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我有一件 T 恤，上面写着 <ruby>“容器就是 Linux”<rt> Containers are Linux </rt></ruby>，它的意思是显而易见的。容器技术使用 cgroups，来运行包含一个或一组应用程序的最小 Linux 操作系统映像。当你运行容器时，实际上你就是在运行 Linux。虽然在许多平台上都能使用 Kubernetes 命令，但 Kubernetes 命令管理的是 Linux 容器。当你通过终端与 Kubernetes 交互时，Kubernetes 命令类似于 Linux 的使用：有命令、选项、参数和语法。运行 Kubernetes 的 `kubeadm` 或（在 OKD 或 OpenShift 上）运行 `oc` 命令，你会感觉到很熟悉，是因为它们的工作方式与你习惯使用的任何其他 Linux 命令一样。开始时看似陌生的东西很快就会变得自然，任何有兴趣花时间在终端上的 Linux 用户都可以在 Kubernetes 中探索到许多有趣的东西。
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### 2、Kubernetes 很灵活
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在过去，Kubernetes 有点死板，因为从本质上来说，它仅能支持一个 <ruby>容器运行时<rt> container runtime </rt></ruby>。这个规定非常严格，以至于今天需要一个 <ruby>硬编码的垫片<rt> hardcoded shim </rt></ruby>，才能绕过这个遗留问题。幸运的是，如今 Kubernetes 已经变得足够灵活，可以满足管理员的许多不同需求了。[Podman][5] 和 [CRI-O][6] 可用作于容器引擎，它们都可以与 [systemd][7] 集成（这是因为 Kubernetes 的底层都是 Linux）。你可以自己选择 Kubernetes 所使用的文件系统、集群大小和构造、监控工具、镜像、编程语言等等配置。甚至现在有些人说 Kubernetes 有 _太多_ 的选择了。
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### 3、学习 Kubernetes 有助于个人发展
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容器是一个硕果累累的事物，它们会快速地成倍增长。这是设计使然的，容器旨在扩展，它们通过生成克隆来扩展。将容器分组（称为 _pods_），并自动化 Pod 生命周期的管理方式，这就是 Kubernetes 运用的方式。Kubernetes 正在改变服务器的运行方式。
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你可能不需要无限扩展的容器集合，也不需要任何东西来帮助你管理正运行的一或两个容器。但是，如果你希望受益于处理 Pods 的能力，那么 Kubernetes 正是你需要学习的工具。随着越来越多的公司和组织走向全球，并拥抱 [数字化转型][8]，Kubernetes 正在成为 IT 领域的必备技能。如果你想要在这个领域中发展，那么现在开始学习 Kubernetes 并熟悉它的常见问题及其解决方案，将会是一项很好的投资。
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### 4、Kubernetes 让容器更有意义
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你可能还记得几年前，当开源项目刚开始将它们的代码作为容器镜像分发时，对于许多人来说，容器这一概念是令人费解的：没有多少系统管理员真正理解 [容器是什么][9]，或者明白容器的边界在哪里、如何进入容器，以及为什么数据不能存在于容器内。
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现在，IT 界（包括开发人员在内）都对容器的概念都十分熟悉了。对于现代的 [CI/CD 工作流程][10] 来说，分发容器十分有意义。不过，对于系统管理员来说，容器的优势如下：安装容器比等待发行版更新其软件包和容器规模，更为容易。然而，在你使用 Kubernetes 之前，你很可能都不会真正地感受到这些好处。当你开始使用 Kubernetes 和相关工具管理容器之前，持续交付容器的好处和容器的扩展能力可能只是你读过的想法。将容器集成到你管理服务器的方式中，你会突然明白 Kubernetes 中令人兴奋的是什么。
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![Apache JMeter][11]
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你可以试试看这个最基本的测试：只需在容器中启动你最喜欢的 Web 服务器，创建一个 pod，然后使用来自 [Apache JMeter][12] 的流量访问你的服务器，然后观察容器响应。
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### 5、Kubernetes 是 <ruby>云原生的<rt> Cloud-native </rt></ruby>
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如果你主要做的是系统开发，而不是系统管理，那么 Kubernetes 也是 <ruby>网络应用程序<rt> web apps </rt></ruby>的一个很好的平台。我们现在都在使用网络应用程序，尽管大多数人只是将它们视为“<ruby>网站<rt> website </rt></ruby>”。Web 拥有庞大的用户群，因此通过浏览器提供开源的应用程序是非常有意义的。有一些很棒的开源应用程序在网络上运行，其中许多的应用程序都以容器的形式分发的，它们可以支持简单的安装和持续的用户体验。
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### Kubernetes 的其他优势：Kubernetes 很有意思
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你还记得你还是 Linux 新手的时候吗？对于一些人来说，那可能是几年前的事了，而对于其他人来说，可能是不久的过去。不过，对于所有人来说，学习一项新事物会是一个有趣的挑战。如果你达到了认为“Linux 的安装是麻烦多于挑战”的程度，那么你可以尝试一下构建一个 Kubernetes 集群。它会让你回忆起你忘记的各种概念：如何破解纯文本（特别是 [YAML][13] 格式的）配置文件，如何配置网络接口和网络，如何路由流量，知道一个后端相对于另一个后端的优缺点，在 `--dry-run` 测试之后运行 `dry-run` 测试，试探性地按 Return 来确定你是否做对了。老实说，使用 Kubernetes 很有趣。
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如果你想自己构建基础架构，没有什么比构建你自己的 Kubernetes 集群更好的了。Kubernetes 集群将会为你打开一个全新的世界。你很快就会成为一名云架构师，学会完善你的开放云，在容器中安装令人惊叹的开源 Web 应用程序，也能为你的家人和朋友提供访问权限。
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你自己就能得到解决方案。这真是太棒啦。
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### 快来试试看 Kubernetes 吧
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对 Kubernetes 的初学者来说，Kubernetes 似乎很难快速上手，因为 Kubernetes 是一个新的工具，会让你感到有点害怕，而且它还需要云。但是，以下有几种方法可以让你开始 Kubernetes 体验。
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首先，安装 [Minikube][14] 或 [Minishift][14]。这两个工具都允许你在自己的计算机上运行 Kubernetes 的本地实例。虽然这种方式比不上“构建一个集群并与你的朋友共享”那么令人满意，但它是一种让你熟悉 Kubernetes 环境、命令和工具包的很好且安全的方式。
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当你准备进一步研究 Kubernetes 后，请进一步阅读 Chris Collins 关于 [使用 Raspberry Pi 构建 Kubernetes 集群][15] 的文章。之后，再下载我们的免费电子书 [在你的 Raspberry Pi 家庭实验室上运行 Kubernetes][16]。在不知不觉中，你会发现自己也明白了“容器就是 Linux”的含义。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/21/6/kubernetes-linux-homelab
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作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[chai001125](https://github.com/chai001125)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/wfh_work_home_laptop_work.png?itok=VFwToeMy (Working from home at a laptop)
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[2]: https://opensource.com/article/20/8/kubernetes-raspberry-pi
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[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/containers-are-linux.jpg (T-shirt reading "Containers are Linux")
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[4]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
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[5]: http://podman.io
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[6]: http://cri-o.io
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[7]: https://opensource.com/article/21/5/systemd
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[8]: https://enterprisersproject.com/what-is-digital-transformation
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[9]: https://opensource.com/article/18/11/behind-scenes-linux-containers
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[10]: https://opensource.com/article/18/8/what-cicd
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[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/jmeter.png (Apache JMeter)
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[12]: https://jmeter.apache.org
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[13]: https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/yaml-beginners
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[14]: https://opensource.com/article/18/10/getting-started-minikube
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[15]: https://opensource.com/article/20/6/kubernetes-raspberry-pi
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[16]: https://opensource.com/downloads/kubernetes-raspberry-pi
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