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[#]: subject: "NixOS Series #1: Why Should You Consider Using NixOS?"
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[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/why-use-nixos/"
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[#]: author: "Sagar Sharma https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/"
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[#]: collector: "lkxed"
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[#]: translator: "geekpi"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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NixOS Series #1: Why Should You Consider Using NixOS?
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======
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NixOS... Yet another distro that uses a different package manager? **🤯**
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Well, NixOS is one of the [advanced Linux distros][1].
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So if I'm writing this, I must have a rock-solid reason, right? Well, there are plenty!
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I've been using it for 3 months, and it is so good that I'm considering switching from my all-time favorite **Pop!_OS to NixOS**.
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And in this guide, I will share the key features of NixOS, making it stand out from the stack of Linux distros.
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Fret not; before we move on, let me tell you what NixOS is:
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> It is a Linux distribution that uses the Nix package manager at its core to save you the trouble from setting it up on a different Linux distribution and letting you make the most out of Nix. Built by the same team that developed Nix.
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### 6 Reasons to Use NixOS
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NixOS is an interesting [independent Linux distro][2] built from scratch.
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Everyone can learn a lot by using NixOS, but **in my opinion**, if you are a developer or a computer science student, NixOS should fit perfectly.
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![nix os screenshot with gnome][3]
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Let me tell you why.
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#### 1. Does Not Break Easily / Easy to Recover
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By its core, NixOS is built to last long.
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This does not mean that it ships with years-old packages like Debian does for stability but it follows a different approach.
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To understand how NixOS is so stable, let's talk about how users generally break their system, i.e, "_dependency issues or package conflicts_"
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You will generally face a significant system crash when updating your system or installing a new package. Mainly because your package manager could not satisfy the dependency or the installed package conflicts with the existing system.
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**And NixOS has a very smart way of handling this issue.**
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See, whenever you upgrade your system or install a package, the **system state is rebuilt**, termed as a "**new generation**" over the current.
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![nix os listing generations via terminal][4]
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So if you face any trouble using the new package or update, you can always roll back to the old generation, where you will find the **previous state of the system.**
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Even if the system is inaccessible, you will find the previous generations available at boot time.
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#### 2. Reproducibility
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With one config file, you can create a replica of your current environment for other physical systems.
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To benefit from this feature, you can use the Nix config file for installation and configuration purposes.
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Once you have the config file that fits your purpose, send that file to the fresh install and replace the default config file with yours. It is that easy!
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**Rebuild the config, upgrade the system, and make a switch by the given command:**
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```
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sudo nixos-rebuild switch --upgrade
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```
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And you will have the exact development environment that you had on your main machine replicated in a few minutes.
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#### 3. Easy Rollbacks
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While you already may have got the idea from NixOS's feature of "**Generations**".
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There's more to it. **🕵️**
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NixOS heavily relies on symlinks (for good). If it is a new concept to you, refer to the guide below:
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How to Create Symbolic Links in Linux [Complete Guide]This detailed tutorial tells you what are symbolic links, how to create a symbolic links and other important things associated with symlinks.![][5]Linux HandbookAbhishek Prakash![][6]
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Typically, with other Linux distros, when you upgrade a package, the new package replaces the old one.
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But that's not the case with NixOS.
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In NixOS, packages are isolated and stored inside a unique directory, and that is where the use of symbolic links comes in.
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Whenever you upgrade a package, the **NixOS will tune the symbolic link to locate the new package but won't remove the old one**.
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So if you face conflicts with the new package, just switch to the old generations, and symbolic links help locate the old version of a package. 😌
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#### 4. Nix package manager
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The Nix package manager allows you to access more than 80,000 packages! Not just limited to Linux; it also works on **macOS, WSL2, Docker, and more platforms.**
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And the availability of packages is similar to or even better than AUR as you should find almost everything (I mean it) on the Nix package manager.
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For instance, I wanted to install the Librewolf browser, which is not available in the default repository of most Linux distros.
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But Nix had it! This means you can rely on the Nix package manager for almost every package.
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It is also relatively easy to understand if you have prior Linux experience. In a nutshell, **the Nix package manager is impressive!**
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#### 5. Use multiple versions of the same package
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This can be crucial for developers, where some applications demand the old version of a specific dependency, whereas some require the latest one.
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And as I mentioned earlier, nix installs packages to a specific sub-directory, and every package is isolated so one won't interfere with another!
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Before using Nix, I used VMs and containers to meet different dependencies for the same package, especially with PHP, but NixOS did wonders for my workflow.
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**Suggested Read 📖**
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Downgrading a Package via apt-get in Ubuntu and DebianYes! That’s totally possible. You can downgrade a recently updated package using the apt command in Ubuntu and Debian based distros. Here’s how to do that.![][7]It's FOSSAbhishek Prakash![][8]
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#### 6. Ability to test packages without installation
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You can use the [nix-shell][9], which will temporarily modify the $PATH environment variable and be used to test a package temporarily.
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And there is no limitation. You are allowed to test every package that is available for installation!
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### NixOS Series: Let's Explore More!
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This was the first part of our Nix series, where I covered the reasons to use NixOS. I believe more Linux users should get to learn about it if they do not already.
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In the next part, I will explain how to install NixOS in your VM. Stay tuned to our social media or RSS feed to read when we publish that.
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💬 _Feel free to share suggestions on what else we should cover about NixOS in the comments below._
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://itsfoss.com/why-use-nixos/
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作者：[Sagar Sharma][a]
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选题：[lkxed][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/
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[b]: https://github.com/lkxed/
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[1]: https://itsfoss.com/advanced-linux-distros/
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[2]: https://itsfoss.com/independent-linux-distros/
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[3]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/nix-os-gnome.png
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[4]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/nix-os-generations.png
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[5]: https://linuxhandbook.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2021/08/Linux-Handbook-New-Logo.png
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[6]: https://linuxhandbook.com/content/images/2020/06/Symbolic-Links-Linux.jpg
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[7]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2022/12/android-chrome-192x192.png
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[8]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/downgrade-packages-via-apt-get.png
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[9]: https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/command-ref/nix-shell.html
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@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
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[#]: subject: "NixOS Series #1: Why Should You Consider Using NixOS?"
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[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/why-use-nixos/"
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[#]: author: "Sagar Sharma https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/"
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[#]: collector: "lkxed"
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[#]: translator: "geekpi"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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NixOS 系列 #1：你为什么要考虑使用 NixOS？
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======
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NixOS... 又是一个使用不同软件包管理器的发行版？**🤯**
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好吧，NixOS 是[高级 Linux 发行版][1]中的一个。
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所以如果我写这个，我一定有一个充分的理由，对吗？嗯，有很多
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我已经使用它 3 个月了，它是如此之好，以至于我正在考虑从我一直以来最喜欢的 **Pop!_OS 切换到 NixOS**。
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在本指南中，我将分享 NixOS 在众多 Linux 发行版中脱颖而出的主要特点，。
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别担心，在我们继续之前，让我告诉你什么是NixOS：
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> 它是一个以 Nix 包管理器为核心的 Linux 发行版，为你省去了在不同 Linux 发行版上设置的麻烦，让你充分利用 Nix 的优势。由开发 Nix 的同一个团队构建。
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### 使用 NixOS 的 6 个理由
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NixOS 是一个有趣的从零开始构建的[独立 Linux 发行版][2]。
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每个人都可以通过使用 NixOS 学到很多东西，但**在我看来**，如果你是一个开发人员或计算机科学的学生，NixOS 应该非常合适。
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![nix os screenshot with gnome][3]
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让我告诉你为什么。
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#### 1. 不易损坏/易于恢复
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就其核心而言，NixOS 是为长期使用而构建的。
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这并不意味着它像 Debian 那样用多年前的软件包来保证稳定性，而是遵循一种不同的方法。
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为了理解 NixOS 为何如此稳定，让我们谈谈用户一般是如何破坏他们的系统的，即“_依赖性问题或软件包冲突_”
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在更新系统或安装一个新的软件包时，你一般会面临明显的系统崩溃。主要是因为你的软件包管理器无法满足依赖性，或者安装的软件包与现有系统冲突。
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**而 NixOS 有一个非常聪明的方法来处理这个问题**。
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你看，每当你升级你的系统或安装一个软件包时，**系统的状态就会被重建**，被称为“**新的一代**”，超过当前的。
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![nix os listing generations via terminal][4]
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因此，如果你在使用新的软件包或更新时遇到任何麻烦，你可以随时回滚到旧的一代，在那里你会找到**系统的以前的状态**。
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即使系统无法访问，你也能在启动时找到以前的几代包。
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#### 2. 可重复性
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通过一个配置文件，你可以为其他物理系统创建一个你当前环境的副本。
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为了从这个功能中获益，你可以使用 Nix 配置文件进行安装和配置。
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当你有了适合你的目的的配置文件，将该文件发送到新的安装中，用你的配置文件替换默认的配置文件。就是这么简单!
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**重建配置，升级系统，并通过给定的命令进行切换：**
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```
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sudo nixos-rebuild switch --upgrade
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```
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你将在几分钟内拥有与你的主机上完全相同的开发环境，并进行复制。
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#### 3. 轻松回滚
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虽然你可能已经从 NixOS 的 “**Generations**” 特性中得到了灵感。
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这还有更多的内容。**🕵️**
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NixOS 在很大程度上依赖于符号链接。如果这对你来说是一个新概念，请参考下面的指南：
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[如何在Linux中创建符号链接（完整指南）][5]
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一般来说，在其他 Linux 发行版中，当你升级一个软件包时，新的软件包会取代旧的。
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但 NixOS 不是这样的。
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在 NixOS 中，软件包被隔离并存储在一个单独的目录中，这就是使用符号链接的原因。
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每当你升级一个软件包时，**NixOS 会调整符号链接来定位新的软件包，但不会删除旧的**。
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因此，如果你面临与新包的冲突，只需切换到旧的一代，符号链接有助于定位旧版本的包。😌
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#### 4. Nix 包管理器
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Nix 包管理器允许你访问超过 80,000 个软件包! 不仅仅局限于 Linux，它还可以在 **macOS、WSL2、Docker 等平台**上使用。
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而且，软件包的可用性与 AUR 相似，甚至比 AUR 更好，因为你应该在 Nix 包管理器上找到几乎所有的东西（我的认真的）。
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例如，我想安装 Librewolf 浏览器，这在大多数 Linux 发行版的默认仓库中是不可用的。
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但是，Nix 有它! 这意味着你可以依靠 Nix 包管理器来安装几乎所有的软件包。
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如果你有先前的 Linux 经验，它也相对容易理解。总而言之，**Nix 包管理器令人印象深刻**！
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#### 5. 使用同一软件包的多个版本
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这对开发者来说可能是至关重要的，有些应用需要特定依赖的旧版本，而有些则需要最新的版本。
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而且，正如我前面提到的，nix将包安装到一个特定的子目录中，每个包都是隔离的，所以一个包不会干扰另一个包!
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在使用 Nix 之前，我使用虚拟机和容器来满足同一软件包的不同依赖性，尤其是 PHP，但 NixOS 为我的工作流程带来了奇迹。
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#### 6. 无需安装就能测试软件包的能力
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你可以使用 [nix-shell][9]，它将临时修改 $PATH 环境变量，用来临时测试一个包。
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而且没有任何限制。你被允许测试每一个可供安装的软件包!
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### NixOS 系列：让我们探索更多！
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这是我们 Nix 系列的第一部分，我介绍了使用 NixOS 的原因。我相信更多的 Linux 用户应该去了解它，如果他们还没有了解的话。
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在下一部分，我将解释如何在你的虚拟机中安装 NixOS。敬请关注我们的社交媒体或 RSS 订阅，以便在我们发布时阅读。
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💬 _欢迎在下面的评论中分享关于 NixOS 的其他内容的建议。_
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://itsfoss.com/why-use-nixos/
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作者：[Sagar Sharma][a]
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选题：[lkxed][b]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
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[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/
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[b]: https://github.com/lkxed/
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[1]: https://itsfoss.com/advanced-linux-distros/
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[2]: https://itsfoss.com/independent-linux-distros/
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[3]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/nix-os-gnome.png
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[4]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/nix-os-generations.png
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[5]: https://linuxhandbook.com/symbolic-link-linux/
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[9]: https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/command-ref/nix-shell.html
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