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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (warmfrog)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (This is how System76 does open hardware)
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/4/system76-hardware)
[#]: author: (Don Watkins https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins)
This is how System76 does open hardware
======
What sets the new Thelio line of desktops apart from the rest.
![metrics and data shown on a computer screen][1]
Most people know very little about the hardware in their computers. As a long-time Linux user, I've had my share of frustration while getting my wireless cards, video cards, displays, and other hardware working with my chosen distribution. Proprietary hardware often makes it difficult to determine why an Ethernet controller, wireless controller, or mouse performs differently than we expect. As Linux distributions have matured, this has become less of a problem, but we still see some quirks with touchpads and other peripherals, especially when we don't know much—if anything—about our underlying hardware.
Companies like [System76][2] aim to take these types of problems out of the Linux user experience. System76 manufactures a line of Linux laptops, desktops, and servers, and even offers its own Linux distro, [Pop! OS][3], as an option for buyers, Recently I had the privilege of visiting System76's plant in Denver for [the unveiling][4] of [Thelio][5], its new desktop product line.
### About Thelio
System76 says Thelio's open hardware daughterboard, named Thelio Io after the fifth moon of Jupiter, is one thing that makes the computer unique in the marketplace. Thelio Io is certified [OSHWA #us000145][6] and has four SATA ports for storage and an embedded controller for fan and power button control. Thelio Io SAS is certified [OSHWA #us000146][7] and has four U.2 ports for storage and no embedded controller. During a demonstration, System76 showed how these components adjust fans throughout the chassis to optimize the unit's performance.
The controller also runs the power button and the LED ring around the button, which glows at 100% brightness when it is pressed. This provides both tactile and visual confirmation that the unit is being powered on. While the computer is in use, the button is set to 35% brightness, and when it's in suspend mode, it pulses between 2.35% and 25%. When the computer is off, the LED remains dimly lit so that it's easy to find the power control in a dark room.
Thelio's embedded controller is a low-power [ATmega32U4][8] microchip, and the controller's setup can be prototyped with an Arduino Micro. The number of Thelio Io boards changes depending on which Thelio model you purchase.
Thelio is also perhaps the best-designed computer case and system I have ever seen. You'll probably agree if you have ever skinned your knuckles trying to operate inside a typical PC case. I have done this a number of times, and I have the scars to prove it.
### Why open hardware?
The boards were designed in [KiCAD][9], and you can access all of Thelio's design files under GPL on [GitHub][10]. So, why would a company that competes with other PC manufacturers design a unique interface then license it openly? It's because the company recognizes the value of open design and the ability to share and adjust an I/O board to your needs, even if you're a competitor in the marketplace.
![Don Watkins speaks with System76 CEO Carl Richell at the Thelio launch event.][11]
Don Watkins speaks with System76 CEO Carl Richell at the [Thelio launch event][12].
I asked [Carl Richell][13], System76's founder and CEO, whether the company is concerned that openly licensing its hardware designs means someone could take its unique design and use it to drive System76 out of business. He said:
> Open hardware benefits all of us. It's how we further advance technology and make it more available to everyone. We welcome anyone who wishes to improve on Thelio's design to do so. Opening the hardware not only helps advance improvements of our computers more quickly, but it also empowers our customers to truly own 100% of their device. Our goal is to remove as much proprietary functioning as we can, while still producing a competitive Linux computer for customers.
>
> We've been working with the Linux community for over 13 years to create a flawless and digestible experience on all of our laptops, desktops, and servers. Our long tenure serving the Linux community, providing our customers with a high level of service, and our personability are what makes System76 unique.
I also asked Carl why open hardware makes sense for System76 and the PC business in general. He replied:
> System76 was founded on the idea that technology should be open and accessible to everyone. We're not yet at the point where we can create a computer that is 100% open source, but with open hardware, we're one large, essential step closer to reaching that point.
>
> We live in an era where technology has become a utility. Computers are tools for people at every level of education and across many industries. With everyone's needs specific, each person has their own ideas on how they might improve the computer and its software as their primary tool. Having our computers open allows these ideas to come to fruition, which in turn makes the technology a more powerful tool. In an open environment, we constantly get to iterate a better PC. And that's kind of cool.
We wrapped up our conversation by talking about System76's roadmap, which includes open hardware mini PCs and, eventually, laptops. Existing mini PCs and laptops sold under the System76 brand are manufactured by other vendors and are not based on open hardware (although their Linux software is, of course, open source).
Designing and supporting open hardware is a game-changer in the PC business, and it is what sets System76's new Thelio line of desktop computers apart.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/4/system76-hardware
作者：[Don Watkins ][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/metrics_data_dashboard_system_computer_analytics.png?itok=oxAeIEI- (metrics and data shown on a computer screen)
[2]: https://system76.com/
[3]: https://opensource.com/article/18/1/behind-scenes-popos-linux
[4]: /article/18/11/system76-thelio-desktop-computer
[5]: https://system76.com/desktops
[6]: https://certification.oshwa.org/us000145.html
[7]: https://certification.oshwa.org/us000146.html
[8]: https://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/ATmega32u4
[9]: http://kicad-pcb.org/
[10]: https://github.com/system76/thelio-io
[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/don_system76_ceo.jpg (Don Watkins speaks with System76 CEO Carl Richell at the Thelio launch event.)
[12]: https://trevgstudios.smugmug.com/System76/121418-Thelio-Press-Event/i-FKWFxFv
[13]: https://www.linkedin.com/in/carl-richell-9435781

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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (warmfrog)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (This is how System76 does open hardware)
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/4/system76-hardware)
[#]: author: (Don Watkins https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins)
这就是 System76 如何打造开源硬件的
================================
是什么让新的 Thelio 台式机系列与众不同。
![在计算机上显示度量和数据][1]
大多数人对他们电脑的硬件一无所知。作为一个长期的 Linux 用户，我分享了对此的失望，就是当我想让我的无线网卡，视频卡，显示器，和其他硬件与我选择的发行版共同运行时。自主品牌的硬件通常使判断这些问题变得很困难，就是：为什么以太网驱动，无线驱动，或者鼠标驱动和我们预期的不太一样？。当 Linux 分发版已经成熟，这可能不再是问题，但是我们仍能发现触控板和其他外部设备的怪异行为，尤其是当我们对下面的硬件知道的不多时。
像 [System76][2] 的公司目标是解决这些问题，来提升 Linux 用户体验。System76 生产了一些列的 Linux 笔记本，台式机，和服务器，甚至提供了它自己的 Linux 发行版 [Pop! OS][3] 作为客户的一个选择。最近我有幸参观了 System76 在 Devnver 的工厂并揭开 [Thelio][5] [神秘的面纱][5]，它的新的台式机产品线。
### 关于 Thelio
System76 宣称 Thelio 的开源硬件子板，被命名为木星之后的第 5 个卫星的名字 Thelio Io，这是它在市场上独特的特点之一。Thelio Io 被证实为 [OSHWA #us000145][6]，并且有 4 个用于存储的 SATA 端口和一个控制风扇和用于电源按钮控制的嵌入式控制器。Thelio IO SAS 被证实 是 [OSHWA #us000146][7]，并且有 4 个用于存储的 U.2 端口，没有嵌入式控制器。在展示时，System76 显示了这些组件如何调整风扇通过底盘来优化部件的性能。
该控制器还管理电源键，和围绕该电源键的 LED 光环，当被按下时它以 100% 的亮度发光。这提供了触觉和视觉上的确认：该主机已经启动电源了。当电脑在使用中，该按钮被设置为 35% 的亮度，当在睡眠模式，它的亮度在 2.35% 和 25% 之间跳动。当计算机关闭后，LED 保持朦胧的亮度，因此能够在黑暗的房间里找到电源控制。
Thelio 的嵌入式控制器是一个低功耗的 [ATmega32U4][8] 微控制器，并且控制器的设置可以使用 Arduino Micro 进行原型设计。Thelio Io 主板变化的多少取决于你购买哪种 Thelio 型号。
Thelio 可能是我见过的设计的最好的电脑样例和系统。如果你曾经亲身体验过在一个常规的 PC 的内部进行操作的话，你可能会同意我的观点。我已经做了很多次了，因此我能以自己过往的糟糕经历来证明这点。
### 为什么做开源硬件？
该主板是在 [KiCAD][9] 设计的，你可以在 [GitHub][10] 上的 GPL 证书下访问 Thelio 所有的设计文件。因此，为什么一个与其他 PC 制造商竞争的公司会设计一个独特的接口并公开授权呢？可能是该公司认识到开源设计的价值和分享的能力，并且根据你的需要调整一个 I/O 主板，即便你是市场上的竞争者。
![在 Thelio 启动时 Don Watkins 与 System76 的 CEO Carl Richell 谈话][11]
在 [Thelio 启动时][12] Don Watkins 与 System76 的 CEO Carl Richell 谈话。
我问 [Carl Richell][13]，System76 的设计者和 CEO，该公司是否考虑到开放它的硬件设计意味着有人采取它的独特设计并用它来将 System76 驱逐出市场。他说：
> 开源硬件对我们所有人都有益。这是我们未来提升技术的方式并且使得每个人获取技术更容易。我们欢迎任何想要提高 Thelio 设计的人来这么做。开源硬件不仅更快的帮助我们的电脑提升技术，并且能够使我们的消费者 100% 信任他们的设备。我们的目标是尽可能地移除专利授权，并且仍然能够为消费者提供一个有竞争力的 Linux 主机。
>
> 我们已经与 Linux 社区一起工作超过 13 年来为我们的笔记本，台式机，服务器创造一个完美的顺滑的体验。我们长期专注于为 Linux 社区提供服务，提供给我们的客户高水准的服务，我们的个性使 System76 变得独特。
我问 Carl 为什么通常来说开源硬件对 System76 和 PC 市场是有意义的。他回复道：
> System76 创立之初的想法是技术应该对每个人是开放和可获取的。我们还没有到达 100% 开源创造一个电脑的程度，但是有了开源硬件，我们是接近目标的必不可少的一大步。
>
> 我们生活在技术变成工具的时代。计算机在每一层教育和在很多工业当中是人们的工具。由于每个人特定的需要，每个人对于如何提升电脑和软件作为他们的主要工具有他们自己的想法。开源我们的计算机允许这些想法完成，反过来促进技术成为一个更强大的工具。在一个开源环境中，我们持续迭代来获取一个更好的 PC。这有点酷。
我们总结了我们讨论的关于 System76 技术路线的对话，包含了开源硬件 mini PC，最终还包含了笔记本。在 System76 品牌下的已售出的 mini PC 和笔记本是由其他供应商制造的，并不是基于开源硬件的（尽管他们的 Linux 软件，当然是开源的）。
设计和支持开放式硬件是PC业务中改变游戏规则的因素，也正是它造就了 System76 的新 Thelio 台式机电脑产品线的不同。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/4/system76-hardware
作者：[Don Watkins ][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[warmfrog](https://github.com/warmfrog)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/metrics_data_dashboard_system_computer_analytics.png?itok=oxAeIEI- (metrics and data shown on a computer screen)
[2]: https://system76.com/
[3]: https://opensource.com/article/18/1/behind-scenes-popos-linux
[4]: /article/18/11/system76-thelio-desktop-computer
[5]: https://system76.com/desktops
[6]: https://certification.oshwa.org/us000145.html
[7]: https://certification.oshwa.org/us000146.html
[8]: https://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/ATmega32u4
[9]: http://kicad-pcb.org/
[10]: https://github.com/system76/thelio-io
[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/don_system76_ceo.jpg (Don Watkins speaks with System76 CEO Carl Richell at the Thelio launch event.)
[12]: https://trevgstudios.smugmug.com/System76/121418-Thelio-Press-Event/i-FKWFxFv
[13]: https://www.linkedin.com/in/carl-richell-9435781