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translating wi-cuckoo
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What are good command line HTTP clients?
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================================================================================
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The whole is greater than the sum of its parts is a very famous quote from Aristotle, a Greek philosopher and scientist. This quote is particularly pertinent to Linux. In my view, one of Linux's biggest strengths is its synergy. The usefulness of Linux doesn't derive only from the huge raft of open source (command line) utilities. Instead, it's the synergy generated by using them together, sometimes in conjunction with larger applications.
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The Unix philosophy spawned a "software tools" movement which focused on developing concise, basic, clear, modular and extensible code that can be used for other projects. This philosophy remains an important element for many Linux projects.
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Good open source developers writing utilities seek to make sure the utility does its job as well as possible, and work well with other utilities. The goal is that users have a handful of tools, each of which seeks to excel at one thing. Some utilities work well independently.
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This article looks at 3 open source command line HTTP clients. These clients let you download files off the internet from a command line. But they can also be used for many more interesting purposes such as testing, debugging and interacting with HTTP servers and web applications. Working with HTTP from the command-line is a worthwhile skill for HTTP architects and API designers. If you need to play around with an API, HTTPie and cURL will be invaluable.
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----------
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HTTPie (pronounced aych-tee-tee-pie) is an open source command line HTTP client. It is a a command line interface, cURL-like tool for humans.
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The goal of this software is to make CLI interaction with web services as human-friendly as possible. It provides a simple http command that allows for sending arbitrary HTTP requests using a simple and natural syntax, and displays colorized output. HTTPie can be used for testing, debugging, and generally interacting with HTTP servers.
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#### Features include: ####
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- Expressive and intuitive syntax
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- Formatted and colorized terminal output
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- Built-in JSON support
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- Forms and file uploads
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- HTTPS, proxies, and authentication
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- Arbitrary request data
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- Custom headers
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- Persistent sessions
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- Wget-like downloads
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- Python 2.6, 2.7 and 3.x support
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- Linux, Mac OS X and Windows support
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- Plugins
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- Documentation
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- Test coverage
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- Website: [httpie.org][1]
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- Developer: Jakub Roztočil
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- License: Open Source
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- Version Number: 0.9.2
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----------
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cURL is an open source command line tool for transferring data with URL syntax, supporting DICT, FILE, FTP, FTPS, GOPHER, HTTP, HTTPS, IMAP, IMAPS, LDAP, LDAPS, POP3, POP3S, RTMP, RTSP, SCP, SFTP, SMTP, SMTPS, TELNET and TFTP.
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curl supports SSL certificates, HTTP POST, HTTP PUT, FTP uploading, HTTP form based upload, proxies, cookies, user+password authentication (Basic, Digest, NTLM, Negotiate, kerberos...), file transfer resume, proxy tunneling and a busload of other useful tricks.
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#### Features include: ####
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- Config file support
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- Multiple URLs in a single command line
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- Range "globbing" support: [0-13], {one,two,three}
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- Multiple file upload on a single command line
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- Custom maximum transfer rate
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- Redirectable stderr
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- Metalink support
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- Website: [curl.haxx.se][2]
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- Developer: Daniel Stenberg
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- License: MIT/X derivate license
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- Version Number: 7.42.0
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Wget is open source software that retrieves content from web servers. Its name is derived from World Wide Web and get. It supports HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP protocols, as well as retrieval through HTTP proxies.
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Wget can follow links in HTML pages and create local versions of remote web sites, fully recreating the directory structure of the original site. This is known as "recursive downloading."
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Wget has been designed for robustness over slow or unstable network connections.
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Features include:
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- Resume aborted downloads, using REST and RANGE
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- Use filename wild cards and recursively mirror directories
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- NLS-based message files for many different languages
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- Optionally converts absolute links in downloaded documents to relative, so that downloaded documents may link to each other locally
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- Runs on most UNIX-like operating systems as well as Microsoft Windows
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- Supports HTTP proxies
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- Supports HTTP cookies
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- Supports persistent HTTP connections
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- Unattended / background operation
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- Uses local file timestamps to determine whether documents need to be re-downloaded when mirroring
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- Website: [www.gnu.org/software/wget/][3]
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- Developer: Hrvoje Niksic, Gordon Matzigkeit, Junio Hamano, Dan Harkless, and many others
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- License: GNU GPL v3
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- Version Number: 1.16.3
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20150425174537249/HTTPclients.html
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作者：Frazer Kline
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://httpie.org/
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[2]:http://curl.haxx.se/
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[3]:https://www.gnu.org/software/wget/
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@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
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translating wi-cuckoo
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Linux FAQs with Answers--How to configure a Linux bridge with Network Manager on Ubuntu
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================================================================================
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> **Question**: I need to set up a Linux bridge on my Ubuntu box to share a NIC with several other virtual machines or containers created on the box. I am currently using Network Manager on my Ubuntu, so preferrably I would like to configure a bridge using Network Manager. How can I do that?
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@ -93,4 +94,4 @@ via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/configure-linux-bridge-network-manager-ubuntu.html
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[a]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/author/nanni
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[1]:http://xmodulo.com/how-to-configure-linux-bridge-interface.html
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[2]:https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/network-manager/+bug/1273201
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[2]:https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/network-manager/+bug/1273201
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什么是好的命令行HTTP客户端?
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==============================================================================
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整体大于各部分之和,这是引自希腊哲学家和科学家的亚里士多德的名言。这句话特别切中Linux。在我看来，Linux最强大的地方之一就是它的协作性。Linux的实用性并不仅仅源自大量的开源程序（命令行）。相反，其协作性来自于这些程序的综合利用，有时是结合更大型的应用。
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Unix哲学引发了一场“软件工具”的运动，关注开发简洁，基础，干净，模块化和扩展性好的代码，并可以运用于其他的项目。这种哲学为许多的Linux项目留下了一个重要的元素。
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好的开源开发者写程序为了确保该程序尽可能运行正确，同时能与其他程序很好地协作。目标就是使用者拥有一堆方便的工具，每一个力求干不止一件事。许多程序能独立工作得很好。
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这篇文章讨论3个开源命令行HTTP客户端。这些客户端可以让你使用命令行从互联网上下载文件。但同时，他们也可以用于许多有意思的地方，如测试，调式和与HTTP服务器或网络应用互动。对于HTTP架构师和API设计人员来说，使用命令行操作HTTP是一个值得花时间学习的技能。如果你需要来回使用API，HTTPie和cURL，这没什么价值。
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-------------
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HTTPie（发音 aych-tee-tee-pie）是一款开源命令行HTTP客户端。它是一个命令行界面，类cURL的工具。
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该软件的目标是使得与网络服务器的交互尽可能的人性化。其提供了一个简单的http命令，允许使用简单且自然的语句发送任意的HTTP请求，并显示不同颜色的输出。HTTPie可以用于测试，调式和与HTTP服务器的一般交互。
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#### 功能包括：####
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- 可表达，直观的语句
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- 格式化，颜色区分的终端输出
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- 内建JSON支持
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- 表单和文件上传
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- HTTPS，代理和认证
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- 任意数据请求
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- 自定义标题 （此处header不确定是否特别意义）
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- 持久会话
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- 类Wget下载
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- Python 2.6，2.7和3.x支持
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- Linux，Mac OS X 和 Windows支持
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- 支持插件
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- 帮助文档
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- 测试覆盖 （直译有点别扭）
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- 网站:[httpie.org][1]
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- 开发者: Jakub Roztočil
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- 证书: 开源
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- 版本号: 0.9.2
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----------
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cURL是一个开源命令行工具，用于使用URL语句传输数据，支持DICT, FILE, FTP, FTPS, GOPHER, HTTP, HTTPS,IMAP, IMAPS, LDAP, LDAPS, POP3, POP3S, RTMP, RTSP, SCP, SFTP, SMTP, SMTPS, TELNET和TFTP。
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cURL支持SSL证书，HTTP POST，HTTP PUT，FTP上传，HTTP基于表单上传，代理，缓存,用户名+密码认证(Basic, Digest, NTLM, Negotiate, kerberos...),文件传输恢复, 代理通道和一些其他实用窍门的总线负载。（这里的名词我不明白其专业意思）
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#### 功能包括：####
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- 配置文件支持
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- 一个单独命令行多个URL
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- “globbing”漫游支持: [0-13],{one, two, three}
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- 一个命令上传多个文件
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- 自定义最大传输速度
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- 重定向标准错误输出
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- Metalink支持
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- 网站: [curl.haxx.se][2]
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- 开发者: Daniel Stenberg
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- 证书: MIT/X derivate license
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- 版本号: 7.42.0
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----------
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Wget是一个从网络服务器获取信息的开源软件。其名字源于World Wide Web 和 get。Wget支持HTTP，HTTPS和FTP协议，同时也通过HTTP代理获取信息。
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Wget可以根据HTML页面的链接，创建远程网络站点的本地版本，是完全重造源站点的目录结构。这种方式被冠名“recursive downloading。”
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Wget已经设计可以加快低速或者不稳定的网络连接。
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功能包括：
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- 使用REST和RANGE恢复中断的下载
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- 使用文件名
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- 多语言的基于NLS的消息文件
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- 选择性地转换下载文档里地绝对链接为相对链接，使得下载文档可以本地相互链接
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- 在大多数类UNIX操作系统和微软Windows上运行
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- 支持HTTP代理
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- 支持HTTP数据缓存
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- 支持持续地HTTP连接
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- 无人照管/后台操作
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- 当远程对比时，使用本地文件时间戳来决定是否需要重新下载文档 （mirroring没想出合适的表达）
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- 站点: [www.gnu.org/software/wget/][3]
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- 开发者: Hrvoje Niksic, Gordon Matzigkeit, Junio Hamano, Dan Harkless, and many others
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- 证书: GNU GPL v3
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- 版本号: 1.16.3
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20150425174537249/HTTPclients.html
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作者：Frazer Kline
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译者：[wi-cuckoo](https://github.com/wi-cuckoo)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://httpie.org/
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[2]:http://curl.haxx.se/
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[3]:https://www.gnu.org/software/wget/
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