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20140812-1 选题
This commit is contained in:
DeadFire
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Turin To Be The First Italian Open Source City
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================================================================================
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Turin’s local authorities have decided to switch to open source and entirely ditch all the Microsoft products, saving alot of money to the local government.
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The mission of this move is to get rid of proprietary software, make Turin one of the first Italian open source city and save six million euros. Six million euros!!! Yes, it is a very high amount, isn’t it?
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According to [republica.it][1] 8300 computers of the local administration will soon be powered by Ubuntu, shipped with Mozilla Firefox web browser and Open Office. No more Microsoft Office and Internet Explorer.
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Alot of money is gone to buy licenses, pay proprietary software, so why not choose a free solution and a better one? Do you guys know how much would it cost to Turin if they had to upgrade their Windows operating systems from one version to another?
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22 million euros! And would you like to know how much that price will go down if the local administration adopts Ubuntu? Ok, so if they switch to Ubuntu they will save 6 million euros, now you make the calculations.
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There are many other European cities that are seeing Linux as a better solution than Windows for their IT infrastructure. For example, the German city Munich kicked Microsoft out of the city and switched to open source. According to Munich, this move saved it more 10 million euros.
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What do you guys think about Turin making this move? Let us know in the comments.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.unixmen.com/turin-first-italian-open-source-city/
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作者：[oltjano terpollari][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.unixmen.com/author/oltjano/
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[1]:http://torino.repubblica.it/cronaca/2014/08/03/news/il_comune_rinnova_i_pc_e_d_laddio_a_microsoft_risparmiamo_6_milioni-93067980/?ref=search
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‘Ifconfig’ Command Not Found In CentOS 7 Minimal Installation – A Quick Tip To Fix It
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================================================================================
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As we all know, “**ifconfig**” command is used to configure a network interfaces in GNU/Linux systems. It displays the details of a network interface card like IP address, MAC Address, and the status of a network interface card etc. But, this command is obsolete, and is not found in the minimal versions of RHEL 7 and its clones like CentOS 7, Oracle Linux 7, and Scientific Linux 7.
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### How do I find IP and other details of a network interface In CentOS Minimal server? ###
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CentOS 7 minimal systems, use the commands “**ip addr**” and “**ip link**” to find the details of a network interface card. To know the statistics use “**ip -s link**”.
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To view the details of the network interface cards, enter the following commands:
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ip addr
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Sample output:
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1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
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link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
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inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
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inet6 ::1/128 scope host
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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2: venet0: <BROADCAST,POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
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link/void
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inet 127.0.0.1/32 scope host venet0
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inet 192.168.1.101/32 brd 192.168.1.101 scope global venet0:0
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To view the statistics of your network interfaces, enter the command:
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ip link
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Sample output:
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1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT
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link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
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2: venet0: <BROADCAST,POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT
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link/void
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OR
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ip -s link
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Sample output:
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1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT
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link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
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RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast
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0 0 0 0 0 0
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TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns
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0 0 0 0 0 0
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2: venet0: <BROADCAST,POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT
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link/void
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RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast
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8515667 6667 0 0 0 0
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TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns
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300403 4249 0 0 0 0
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### How do I enable and use “ifconfig” Command in CentOS 7 minimal servers? ###
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If you don’t know where to find the ifconfig command, follow the simple steps provided below. First let us find out which packages will provide ifconfig command. To do that , enter the following command:
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yum provides ifconfig
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Sample Output:
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Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
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Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
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* base: centos.aol.in
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* extras: centos.aol.in
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* updates: centos.aol.in
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net-tools-2.0-0.17.20131004git.el7.x86_64 : Basic networking tools
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Repo : @base
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Matched from:
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Filename : /usr/sbin/ifconfig
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Or you can use the following command too.
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yum whatprovides ifconfig
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Here, “provides” or “whatprovides” switches are used to find out which package provides some feature or file.
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As you see in the above output, the **net-tools** package provides the ifconfig command. So, let us install net-tools package to use ifconfig command.
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yum install net-tools
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Now, you’ll be able to use the command **ifconfig** as usual.
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ifconfig -a
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Sample output:
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lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 16436
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inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
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inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
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loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)
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RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
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RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
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TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
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TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
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venet0: flags=211<UP,BROADCAST,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP> mtu 1500
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inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast 0.0.0.0 destination 127.0.0.1
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unspec 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 txqueuelen 0 (UNSPEC)
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RX packets 7073 bytes 8549159 (8.1 MiB)
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RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
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TX packets 4611 bytes 359201 (350.7 KiB)
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TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
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venet0:0: flags=211<UP,BROADCAST,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP> mtu 1500
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inet 192.168.1.101 netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast 192.168.1.101 destination 192.168.1.101
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unspec 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 txqueuelen 0 (UNSPEC)
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Enjoy!
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.unixmen.com/ifconfig-command-found-centos-7-minimal-installation-quick-tip-fix/
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作者：[Senthilkumar][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.unixmen.com/author/sk/
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How to set up a USB network printer and scanner server on Debian
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================================================================================
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Suppose you want to set up a Linux print server in your home/office network, but you only have USB printers available (as they are much cheaper than printers that have a built-in Ethernet jack or wireless ones). In addition, what if one of those devices is an AIO (All In One), and you also want to share its incorporated scanner over the network? In this article, I'll show you how to install and share a USB AIO (Epson CX3900 inkjet printer and scanner), a USB laser printer (Samsung ML-1640), and a PDF printer as the "cherry on top" - all in a GNU/Linux Debian 7.2 [Wheezy] server.
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Even though these printers are somewhat old (I bought the Epson AIO in 2007 and the laser printer in 2009), I believe that what I learned through the installation process can well be applied to newer models of the same brands and others: some drivers are available as precompiled .deb packages, while others can be installed directly from the repositories. After all, it's the underlying principles that matter.
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### Prerequisites ###
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To setup a network printer and scanner, we will be using [CUPS][1], which is an open-source printing system for Linux / UNIX / OSX.
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# aptitude install cups cups-pdf
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**Troubleshooting tip**: Depending on the state of your system (this issue can happen most likely after a failed manual install of a package or a misinstalled dependency), the front-end package management system may prompt you to uninstall a lot of packages in an attempt to resolve current dependencies before installing cups and cups-pdf. If this happens to be the case, you have two options:
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1) Install the packages via another front-end package management system, such as apt-get. Note that this is not entirely advisable since it will not fix the current issue.
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2) Run the following command: aptitude update && aptitude upgrade. This will fix the issue and upgrade the packages to their most recent version at the same time.
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### Configuring CUPS ###
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In order to be able to access the CUPS web interface, we need to do at least a minimum edit to the cupsd.conf file (server configuration file for CUPS). Before proceeding, however, let's make a backup copy of cupsd.conf:
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# cp cupsd.conf cupsd.conf.bkp
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and edit the original file (only the most relevant sections are shown):
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- **Listen**: Listens to the specified address and port or domain socket path.
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- **Location /path**: Specifies access control for the named location.
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- **Order**: Specifies the order of HTTP access control (allow,deny or deny,allow). Order allow,deny means that the Allow rules have precedence over (are processed before) the Deny rules.
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- **DefaultAuthType** (also valid for **AuthType**): Specifies the default type of authentication to use. Basic refers to the fact that the /etc/passwd file is used to authenticate users in CUPS.
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- **DefaultEncryption**: Specifies the type of encryption to use for authenticated requests.
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- **WebInterface**: Specifies whether the web interface is enabled.
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# Listen for connections from the local machine
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Listen 192.168.0.15:631
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# Restrict access to the server
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<Location />
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Order allow,deny
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Allo 192.168.0.0/24
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</Location>
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# Default authentication type, when authentication is required
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DefaultAuthType Basic
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DefaultEncryption IfRequested
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# Web interface setting
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WebInterface Yes
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# Restrict access to the admin pages
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<Location /admin>
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Order allow,deny
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Allow 192.168.0.0/24
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</Location>
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Now let's restart CUPS to apply the changes:
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# service cups restart
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In order to allow another user (other than root) to modify printer settings, we must add him / her to the lp (grants access to printer hardware and enables the user to manage print jobs) and lpadmin (owns printing preferences) groups as follows. Disregard this step if this is not necessary or desired in your current network setup.
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# adduser xmodulo lp
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# adduser xmodulo lpadmin
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### Configuring a Network Printer via CUPS Web Interface ###
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1. Launch a web browser and open the CUPS interface, available at http://<Server IP>:Port, which in our case means http://192.168.0.15:631:
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2. Go to the **Administration** tab and click on *Add printer*:
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3. Choose your printer; in this case, **EPSON Stylus CX3900 @ debian (Inkjet Inkjet Printer)**, and click on **Continue**:
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4. It's time to name the printer and indicate whether we want to share it from the current workstation or not:
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5. Install the driver - Select the brand and click on **Continue**.
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6. If the printer is not supported natively by CUPS (not listed in the next page), we will have to download the driver from the manufacturer's web site (e.g., [http://download.ebz.epson.net/dsc/search/01/search/?OSC=LX][2]) and return to this screen later.
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7. Note that this precompiled .deb file must be sent somehow to the printer server (for example, via sftp or scp) from the machine that we used to download it (of course this could have been easier if we had a direct link to the file instead of the download button):
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8. Once we have placed the .deb file in our server, we will install it:
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# dpkg -i epson-inkjet-printer-escpr_1.4.1-1lsb3.2_i386.deb
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**Troubleshooting tip**: If the lsb package (a standard core system that third-party applications written for Linux can depend upon) is not installed, the driver installation will not succeed:
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We will install lsb and then attempt to install the printer driver again:
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# aptitude install lsb
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# dpkg -i epson-inkjet-printer-escpr_1.4.1-1lsb3.2_i386.deb
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9. Now we can return to step #5 and install the printer:
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### Configuring a Network Scanner ###
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Now we will proceed to configure the printer server to share a scanner as well. First, install [xsane][3] which is a frontend for [SANE][4]: Scanner Access Now Easy.
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# aptitude install xsane
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Next, let's enable the saned service by editing the /etc/default/saned file:
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# Set to yes to start saned
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RUN=yes
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Finally, we will check whether saned is already running (most likely not - then we'll start the service and check again):
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# ps -ef | grep saned | grep -v grep
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# service saned start
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### Configuring a Second Network Printer ###
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With CUPS, you can configure multiple network printers. Let's configure an additional printer via CUPS: Samsung ML-1640, which is a USB laser printer.
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The splix package contains the drivers for monochrome (ML-15xx, ML-16xx, ML-17xx, ML-2xxx) and color (CLP-5xx, CLP-6xx) Samsung printers. In addition, the detailed information about the package (available via aptitude show splix) indicates that some rebranded Samsungs like the Xerox Phaser 6100 work with this driver.
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# aptitude install splix
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Then we will install the printer itself using the CUPS web interface, as explained earlier:
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### Installing the PDF Printer ###
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Next, let's configure PDF printer on the printer server, so that you can convert documents into PDF format from client computers.
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Since we already installed the cups-pdf package, the PDF printer was installed automatically, which can be verified through the web interface:
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When the PDF printer is selected, documents will be written to a configurable directory (by default to ~/PDF), or can be further manipulated by a post-processing command.
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In the next article, we'll configure a desktop client to access these printers and scanner over the network.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/08/usb-network-printer-and-scanner-server-debian.html
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作者：[Gabriel Cánepa][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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|
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.gabrielcanepa.com.ar/
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[1]:https://www.cups.org/
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[2]:http://download.ebz.epson.net/dsc/search/01/search/?OSC=LX
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[3]:http://www.xsane.org/
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[4]:http://www.sane-project.org/
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Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user