From 9ef0becb0203131e659404616451073089e981d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: darksun Date: Wed, 27 Dec 2017 17:06:23 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] translate done: 20171109 Learn how to use tcpdump command with examples.md --- ...ow to use tcpdump command with examples.md | 136 --------------- ...ow to use tcpdump command with examples.md | 165 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 165 insertions(+), 136 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20171109 Learn how to use tcpdump command with examples.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20171109 Learn how to use tcpdump command with examples.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20171109 Learn how to use tcpdump command with examples.md b/sources/tech/20171109 Learn how to use tcpdump command with examples.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7df944aacf..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20171109 Learn how to use tcpdump command with examples.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,136 +0,0 @@ -translating by lujun9972 -Learn how to use tcpdump command with examples -====== -Tcpdump command is a famous network packet analysing tool that is used to display TCP\IP & other network packets being transmitted over the network attached to the system on which tcpdump has been installed. Tcpdump uses libpcap library to capture the network packets & is available on almost all Linux/Unix flavors. - -Tcpdump command can read the contents from a network interface or from a previously created packet file or we can also write the packets to a file to be used for later. One must use the tcpdump command as root or as a user with sudo privileges. - -In this tutorial, we are going to discuss the uses of tcpdump command along with some examples, but first let's start with installation of tcpdump on various Linux OS. - - **(Recommended Read:[Monitoring network bandwidth with iftop command][1])** - -### Installation - -By default, tcpdump is available on almost all Linux distributions but if that's not the case for you, install it on your system using the following method. - - **CentOS/RHEL** - -Install tcpdump on CentOS & RHEL using the following command , - - **$ sudo yum install tcpdump** - - **Fedora** - -On Fedora, install tcpdump using the following command, - - **$ dnf install tcpdump** - - **Ubuntu/Debian/Linux Mint** - -On Ubuntu or Debian or Linux Mint, install tcp dumo using the following command, - - **$ apt-get install tcpdump** - -Now that we have install tcpdump on our systems, let's discuss some examples for tcpdump. - -### Examples - - **Get packets from all interfaces** - -To get the network packets from all network interfaces, run the following command, - - **$ tcpdump -i any** - -**Get packets from a single interfaces** - -To get the network packets from a single interface, use - - **$ tcpdump -i eth0** - -**Writing captured packets to file** - -To write all the captured packets to a file, use the '-w' option, - - **$ tcpdump -i eth1 -w packets_file** - -**Reading an old tcpdump file** - -To read an already created, old tcpdump file, use the following command, - - **$ tcpdump -r packets_file** - -**Getting more packets information with readable timestamps** - -To get more information regarding the packets along with readable timestamp, use - - **$ tcpdump -ttttnnvvS** - -**Check packets of whole network** - -To get the packets for whole network, execute the following command from terminal - - **$ tcpdump net 192.168.1.0/24** - -**Check packets based on IP address** - -Get all the packets based on the IP address, whether source or destination or both, using the following command, - - **$ tcpdump host 192.168.1.100** - -To get packets based on source or destination of an IP address, use - - **$ tcpdump src 192.168.1.100** - - **$ tcpdump dst 192.168.1.100** - -**Check packets for a protocol or port number** - -To check all the packets used based on the protocol, run the following command - - **$ tcpdump ssh** - -To get packets for a single port ot for a range of ports, use - - **$ tcpdump port 22** - - **$ tcpdump portrange 22-125** - -We can also use ** 'src'** & **' dst'** options to get packets for ports based on source & destination. - -We can also combine two conditions with AND (and , && ), OR ( or. || ) & EXCEPT (not , ! ). This helps when we have analyze network packets based on the some condtions. - -**Using AND** -We can use 'and' or symbol '&&' to combine two conditions or mote with tcpdump. An example would be, - - **$ tcpdump src 192.168.1.100 && port 22 -w ssh_packets** - -**Using OR** - -OR will check the command agtcpdump -i eth0 src port not 22ainst one the mentioned conditions in the command, like - - **$ tcpdump src 192.168.1.100 or dst 192.168.1.50 && port 22 -w ssh_packets** - - **$ tcpdump port 443 or 80 -w http_packets** - -**Using EXCEPT** - -EXCEPT will be used when we want not fulfill a condition, like - - **$ tcpdump -i eth0 src port not 22** - -This will monitor all the traffic on eth0 but will not capture port 22. - -This was our tutorial on how to install & use tcpdump command to capture the network packets. Please feel free to send in any queries or suggestions using the comment box below. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://linuxtechlab.com/learn-use-tcpdump-command-examples/ - -作者：[Shusain ][a] -译者：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]:http://linuxtechlab.com/author/shsuain/ -[1]:http://linuxtechlab.com/monitoring-network-bandwidth-iftop-command/ diff --git a/translated/tech/20171109 Learn how to use tcpdump command with examples.md b/translated/tech/20171109 Learn how to use tcpdump command with examples.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..578580ef4c --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20171109 Learn how to use tcpdump command with examples.md @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ +通过案例学习 TCPDUMP 命令 +====== +Tcpdump 是一个很常用的网络包分析工具，可以用来显示通过网络传输到本系统的 TCP\IP 以及其他网络的数据包。Tcpdump 使用 libpcap 库来抓取网络报，这个库在几乎存在于所有的 Linux/Unix 中。 + +Tcpdump 可以从网卡或之前创建的数据包文件中读取内容，也可以将包写入文件中以供后续使用。必须是 root 用户或者使用 sudo 特权来运行 tcpdump。 + +在本文中，我们将会通过一些案例来演示如何使用 tcpdump 命令，但首先让我们来看看在各种 Linux 操作系统中是如何安装 tcpdump 的。 + + **(推荐阅读：[使用 iftop 命令监控网络带宽 ][1])** + +### 安装 + +tcpdump 默认在几乎所有的 Linux 发行版中都可用，但若你的 Linux 上没有的话，使用下面方法进行安装。 + +#### CentOS/RHEL + +使用下面命令在 CentOS 和 RHEL 上安装 tcpdump， + +``` +$ sudo yum install tcpdump* +``` + +#### Fedora + +使用下面命令在 Fedora 上安装 tcpdump， + +``` +$ dnf install tcpdump +``` + +#### Ubuntu/Debian/Linux Mint + +在 Ubuntu/Debain/Linux Mint 上使用下面命令安装 tcpdump + +``` +$ apt-get install tcpdump +``` + +安装好 tcpdump 后，现在来看一些例子。 + +### 案例演示 + +#### 从所有网卡中捕获数据包 + +运行下面命令来从所有网卡中捕获数据包，run the following command， + +``` +$ tcpdump -i any +``` + +#### 从指定网卡中捕获数据包 + +要从指定网卡中捕获数据包，运行 + +``` +$ tcpdump -i eth0 +``` + +#### 将捕获的包写入文件 + +使用 ‘-w’ 选项将所有捕获的包写入文件， + +``` +$ tcpdump -i eth1 -w packets_file +``` + +#### 读取之前产生的 tcpdump 文件 + +使用下面命令从之前创建的 tcpdump 文件中读取内容 + +``` +$ tcpdump -r packets_file +``` + +#### 获取更多的包信息并且以可读的形式显示时间戳 + +要获取更多的包信息同时以可读的形式显示时间戳，使用 + +``` +$ tcpdump -ttttnnvvS +``` + +#### 查看整个网络的数据包 + +要获取整个网络的数据包，在终端执行下面命令 + +``` +$ tcpdump net 192.168.1.0/24 +``` + +#### 根据 IP 地址查看报文 + +要获取指定 IP 的数据包，不管是作为源地址还是目的地址，使用下面命令， + +``` +$ tcpdump host 192.168.1.100 +``` + +要指定 IP 地址是源地址或是目的地址则使用 + +``` +$ tcpdump src 192.168.1.100 +$ tcpdump dst 192.168.1.100 +``` + +#### 查看某个协议或端口号的数据包 + +要查看某个协议的数据包，运行下面命令 + +``` +$ tcpdump ssh +``` + +要捕获某个端口或一个范围的数据包，使用 + +``` +$ tcpdump port 22 +$ tcpdump portrange 22-125 +``` + +我们也可以与 'src' 和 'dst' 选项连用来捕获指定源端口或指定目的端口的报文 + +我们还可以使用 AND (与，&& )，OR ( 或。|| ) & EXCEPT (非，！) 来将两个条件组合起来。当我们需要基于某些条件来分析网络报文是非常有用。 + +#### 使用 AND + +可以使用 'and' 或者符号 '&&' 来将两个或多个条件组合起来。比如， + +``` +$ tcpdump src 192.168.1.100 && port 22 -w ssh_packets +``` + +#### 使用 OR + +OR 会检查是否匹配命令所列条件中的其中一条，像这样 + +``` +$ tcpdump src 192.168.1.100 or dst 192.168.1.50 && port 22 -w ssh_packets +$ tcpdump port 443 or 80 -w http_packets +``` + +#### 使用 EXCEPT + +当我们想表达不匹配某项条件时可以使用 EXCEPT，像这样 + +``` +$ tcpdump -i eth0 src port not 22 +``` + +这会捕获 eth0 上除了 22 号端口的所有通讯。 + +我们的教程至此就结束了，在本教程中我们讲解了如何安装并使用 tcpdump 来捕获网络数据包。如有任何疑问或建议，欢迎留言。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://linuxtechlab.com/learn-use-tcpdump-command-examples/ + +作者：[Shusain ][a] +译者：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:http://linuxtechlab.com/author/shsuain/ +[1]:http://linuxtechlab.com/monitoring-network-bandwidth-iftop-command/