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树莓派进阶学习的五个建议
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=======================
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> 从SSH到端口转发，这些先进的技术将使你的树莓派开发更简单。
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当你命令行输入命令时，你就不再是一个新手在做一些[新手的设置][1]了。虽然进度不快，但是你的确正在通过你的方式去学习使用这物超所值的、只有信用卡大小的计算机去满足一些DIY想法，这就是树莓派。
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> 然而，从基础跨越到中级还是存在较大距离。当你从“设置你的派”的教程转而学习“创建一个媒体服务器”时，项目开始前的需求就会有一点点挑战。许多中级的Pi教程，包括ReadWrite的一些文章，都会假设你已经对树莓派设置好了一些东西。
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并非每一个项目都需要找个教程里的所有建议，但是知道这些步骤可以使项目更顺利地贴合需求。
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当你准备脱离小白行列时，做一些树莓派教程的预先准备工作对你非常有用。
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### 1) 使用SSH登录 ###
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SSH意思是[Secure Shell][2]，它是一种加密网络协议，用于安全地在计算机与树莓派之间传输你的数据。项目中也许需要你通过你的计算机的命令行控制树莓派，而不是通过给树莓派连接显示器和键盘来控制。
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现在SSH已经预先安装在树莓派系统 [Raspbian][3] 中了，所以如果你安装的是最新版本或较新版本的树莓派都是支持SSH使用的。
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要使用SSH，第一，你需要知道你的树莓派的IP地址，在你的树莓派中输入以下命令：
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sudo ifconfig
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[会显示出三个段落][4]。你的IP地址将会在第一段或者第三段显示，这主要看你的树莓派是通过线缆还是通过WIFI适配器连接网络的。如果是通过线缆连接，那请查看第一段，在“eth0”那行开始显示。如果是通过wifi链接，将在第三段“wlan0”开头的地方显示。
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无论通过哪种方式，你将会看到以“inet addr”开头后面跟着像192.168.2.2这样类型的IP地址，这是我们在这篇文章中经常引用到的一种默认IP地址格式。
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现在你有一个可以连接树莓派与你的电脑的IP地址了，如果你使用的是Mac，你已经有了内置的SSH，启动你的终端应用并输入：
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ssh pi@192.168.2.2
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连接之后将会要求输入密码，默认情况下，密码一般是“respberry”.如果你修改了默认密码，请输入你的新密码。这样，您将登入了树莓派系统。
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如果你在一台PC，还需要附加的一个步骤。
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下载并运行[PuTTY][5]或者其它支持Windows系统的SSH客户端。输入你的IP地址在如上截图中的输入框中。保持默认端口为22不变。然后安心回车，PuTTY将会提示你输入用户名和密码。输入之后，就可以开始在你的树莓派里远程工作了。
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### 2) 使用远程桌面连接到你的树莓派 ###
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使用SSH去从命令行远程控制你的Pi是极好的，但是如果你想通过图形界面去管理你的Pi怎么办呢？幸运的是MAC和PC都已经内建了这种方式。
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在你的树莓派中的命令行（是的，你可以通过SSH来操作），输入：
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sudo apt-get install xrdp
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xdrp是一种在可以在后台运行的计算机[守护进程][6]，并支持Mac和PC上的微软远程桌面客户端。当树莓派中安装好xrdp之后，你的MAC或者PC就可以通过客户端登录到树莓派中了。
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找到你的电脑中一个叫远程桌面的客户端。它本身并不是隐藏起来的，但没有放到应用程序的文件夹中。
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出现上述提示时输入你的IP地址。接下来会弹出xrdp窗口，提示你输入用户名和密码。
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如果进展顺利，你的树莓派桌面就会在你的电脑屏幕上的窗口里面显示出来了。
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### 3) 给你的树莓派设置一个家庭网络的静态地址 ###
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在之前（第一步）找到的树莓派的IP地址现在是可以连接的，但是不能保证你的路由器会一直给你的树莓派分配一个永久固定的IP地址。这意味着在你网段中的其它计算机无法知道树莓派被分配了什么IP地址。那么如何来给树莓派分配静态的IP地址而不是每隔几天就在树莓派上执行“sudo ifconfig”命令，或者糟糕到每隔几个小时一次？
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显然，我们要从“ifconfig”命令开始，所以输入：
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sudo ifconfig
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拿出笔和纸做准备，记录下面的三个IP地址。（#后面的代码是注释，实际不会显示.）：
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inet addr: 192.168.2.2 # 树莓派的当前IP地址
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Bcast: 192.168.0.255 # 地址广播范围
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Mask: 255.255.255.0 # 子网掩码
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此外，你还需要知道另外2个信息。请输入以下命令获取网关和目的地址（译注：实际上我们只需要知道默认网关的IP就行了）。
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netstat -nr
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接下来，去查看你路由器上的配置。（如何进行这一步主要取决于你用什么路由器，所以还是查看下说明书吧）找出你的设备通过DHCP设置了哪段ip地址。有些地址是不能使用的，因为DHCP协议中已经分配使用了。所以要选择没有被使用的，例如，192.168.2.2。你的路由器也许可以让你保留一个未使用的IP地址，固定分配给像树莓派这样的本地设备。（如果你的路由器是Belkin，那大概就是这样）如果是这样的，那就不用看下面的部分了。
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如果不能固定分配，你需要让树莓派知道它的新的ip地址。我们通过nano编辑器来编辑树莓派中相关的文件。
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sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces
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将“iface eth0 inet dhcp”这一段修改成“iface eth0 inet static”，也就是将动态获取IP修改成静态IP。
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接下来输入如下，将下列X取代成你之前所记下来的地址信息。最上面的地址是我们将要把DHCP中没有使用的IP地址分配作为树莓派的静态IP地址。
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address 192.168.2.2
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netmask XXX.XXX.XXX.X
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network XXX.XXX.X.X
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broadcast XXX.XXX.X.X
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gateway XXX.XXX.X.X
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使用“sudo reboot”的命令重启树莓派系统后，在命令行再次输入“ifconfig”，我们刚刚新设置的静态IP设置就会呈现。
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### 4) 端口转发至树莓派 ###
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一些树莓派程序可能需要你转发一个特定的网络端口号到你的树莓派。端口是信息在互联网传送的虚拟路径。有时候你需要转发一个端口来使像树莓派这样计算机可以被互联网访问，即使它在路由器后面。这种情况有点像拨电话分机号一样。
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端口转发能够用于像[树莓派网页服务器][8]，树莓派的VOIP或者简单的点对点下载。有超过65000个端口可供选择，你可以分配不同的端口给不同的树莓派项目用来进行通信。
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某些端口默认情况下代表着特定的应用。例如80端口默认为HTML页面，21端口默认代表FTP传输，1194端口默认用于设置VPN服务器。所以大多情况下，你可以随便选择哪个端口作为默认使用。（译注：此处原文“So a lot of the time, you can just go with whichever port is set as the default. ”似乎不能和上文衔接，以译者判断，应该是“所以大多数情况下，你应该选择默认的端口提供服务。”）
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设置端口转发的方法完全取决于你的路由器，于是很难创建一个固定的关于设置[端口转发][9]教程。你只能阅读你路由器的说明书来定义端口和转发了。
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下面链接了几个主流路由器厂商的端口转发教程。
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- [Belkin][10]
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- [Netgear][11]
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- [Linksys][12]
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### 5) 在互联网上给你的树莓派设置静态地址 ###
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再次声明，如果你的运营商给了你一个静态IP，你就不需要看这个部分了。
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我们已经给树莓派设置了一个静态的内部IP地址，这意味着在你的内部网络中总是能够连到你的树莓派。但是如果程序需要树莓派连接到互联网呢？如果你想要在你的树莓派上搭建一个Web服务器，在你网络之外的人们需要知道你的树莓派在哪里，这意味着我们要来设置一个像静态IP的公开地址。
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我之所以说“看起来像”是因为我们已经设置了一个伪静态IP地址。通常，你所在的运营商将会不断变换分配给你的地址。所以每一次有人连接到你的树莓派时，我们就要写个脚本说：“树莓派已经搬家了，让我带你去新的地址吧！ ”
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我们可以通过[DDNS][13]（即动态DNS）来实现，它实时维护名字解析，并通过 [DDClient][14] 程序通知DDNS修改指向到你的树莓派。
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首先需要注册一个类似[DNS Dynamic][15]的动态主机服务。根据指示并创建新的名称服务器类似Yourserver.dnsdynamic.com.
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接下来进入树莓派中的命令行，使用下面命令来安装DDNS客户端：
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sudo apt-get install ddclient
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我们需要编辑DDNS客户端配置，使用新的名称服务器：
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sudo nano /etc/ddclient/ddclient.conf
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每种服务配置都会有略微的不同，但是DDNS的网站会告诉你需要在配置文件中修改的内容。一个标准的DDNS配置，举个栗子，如 [DDNS配置][16]，可以直接复制粘贴。
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你的运营商不会因为你的这个文件而停止更新给你分配的IP地址，因此我们在脚本的最前面设置一个守护进程执行的频度，以确保及时检查IP地址是否已经更改。
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daemon=600
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# check every 600 seconds
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这里设置的是每10分钟检查一次，这是一个不错的选择。如果你设置成每秒钟检查一次，你的动态服务器恐怕不干，因为这样对它来说是一种轰炸。记得按下ctrl+x保存并退出配置文件。
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接下来，输入：
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ddclient
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如上输入程序的名称就可以运行了。当你的树莓派开着的时候就会持续运行了。如果你重启树莓派，键入 “ddclient”就会重新开始运行了。
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现在你的树莓派已经被装修一番，可以迎接更高级的教程了，请从中获得更多乐趣吧！
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### 关于作者：
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本文的美女作者：[Lauren Orsini](http://readwrite.com/author/lauren-orsini#awesm=~oEMljxDCpMKnXj)是一个专业记者、业余程序员和全职宅女，她住在饱受交通之苦的Arlington, VA。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://readwrite.com/2014/04/09/raspberry-pi-projects-ssh-remote-desktop-static-ip-tutorial#feed=/hack&awesm=~oB1b7zvteUQGOV
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译者：[disylee](https://github.com/disylee) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/
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[2]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Shell
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[3]:http://www.raspbian.org/
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[4]:https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruits-raspberry-pi-lesson-3-network-setup/finding-your-pis-ip-address
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[5]:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/
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[6]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daemon_(computing)
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[7]:https://www.modmypi.com/blog/tutorial-how-to-give-your-raspberry-pi-a-static-ip-address
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[8]:http://raspberrywebserver.com/serveradmin/get-your-raspberry-pi-web-site-on-line.html
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[9]:http://portforward.com/help/portforwarding.htm
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[10]:http://www.belkin.com/us/support-article?articleNum=10790
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[11]:http://kb.netgear.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/24046/~/how-do-i-configure-port-forwarding-on-routers-with-the-netgear-genie-interface%3F
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[12]:http://kb.linksys.com/Linksys/ukp.aspx?pid=80&vw=1&articleid=21470
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[13]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_DNS
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[14]:http://sourceforge.net/p/ddclient/wiki/Home/
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[15]:https://www.dnsdynamic.org/
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[16]:http://dnsdynamic.blog.com/2011/06/26/using-ddclient-with-dnsdynamic/
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[17]:http://readwrite.com/2014/01/21/raspberry-pi-great-projects#feed=/search?keyword=raspberry+pi&awesm=~oAWzuuuChYu9vm
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@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
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Git 1.9.3版本控制系统已正式发布
|
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===========================
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**Git 1.9.3，是一种自由和开放源码的分布式控制版本系统，该设计用于快速有效地处理从小到非常大的项目，现在已经可以提供下载了。**
|
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|
||||
新的Git 1.9.x系列继续保持着大量发布的传统，包含了大量的变动和修复。最新版本系列比我们预期稍微小了一点，但的确做了一些有趣的变化。如果你在使用Git，你也许该考虑升级到最新版本的。
|
||||
|
||||
根据开发者所说，“git p4”在处理二进制文件时受损是由于1.9版本的一些改变，但是这已经被修复了。在shell提示符脚本（在contrib目录/下），使用PROMPT_COMMAND界面时，显示分支名称$PS时不再使用不安全的构造，“git rebase”也不再使用POSIX shell中的结构。
|
||||
|
||||
此外，一些在Unicode6.3中定义的代码点的零宽度问题的已经得到修复，在一些不能在FreeBSD中运行的shell结构的测试，也都已经得到修复了。
|
||||
|
||||
关于更改的完整列表，请查看[更新日志][1]。
|
||||
|
||||
下载Git 1.9.3地址
|
||||
|
||||
- [tar.gz][2][sources] [4.60 MB]
|
||||
- [Debian/Ubuntu DEB ALL][3][ubuntu_deb] [0 KB]
|
||||
- [Red Hat/Fedora/Mandriva/openSUSE RPM noarch][4][rh_rpm] [0 KB]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
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||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Git-1-9-3-Version-Control-System-Officially-Released-441600.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[disylee](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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|
||||
[1]:https://github.com/git/git/blob/master/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.3.txt
|
||||
[2]:https://github.com/git/git/archive/v1.9.3.tar.gz
|
||||
[3]:http://git-scm.com/download/linux
|
||||
[4]:http://git-scm.com/download/linux
|
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@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
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如何在 Win8 上禁用 UEFI 以安装Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
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||||
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||||
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||||
现在，如果你买了预装 Windows 的电脑，一般都是 Windows8 或 Windows8.1。从 Windows8 开始，微软用 UEFI 取代了 BIOS。尽管 UEFI 不是微软发明的，在 Windows8 之前它就已经存在。比如某些 Mac 设备使用 UEFI 已经有一段时间了。
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|
||||
UEFI 有“安全启动”这个特点，引导程序只会启动那些得到 UEFI 固件签署的引导装载程序。此安全功能可以防止 Rootkit 类的恶意软件，并提供了额外的安全层。但它有一个缺点，如果你想在 Win8的电脑上双引导 Linux ，安全机制会阻止这样做。这篇文章告诉大家如何在Win8中禁用UEFI安全引导，以支持 Linux 的双系统启动。
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### 在Windows 8 & 8.1上禁用UEFI安全启动 ###
|
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||||
关于安全启动，充斥着各种各样的说法。由于这些传闻，有些人几乎认为在预装 Windows8 的电脑上启动 Linux 是不可能的。虽然在 ARM PC上这是真的，但是在基于 Intel 的系统上安全引导是可以被禁用的。老实说，**禁用UEFI安全启动**不是一个艰巨的任务，同样的双启动的 Linux 与 Windows 8 也不是。
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||||
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||||
虽然在 BIOS 时代，访问 BIOS 是相当简单的，在启动的时候按 F10 或 F12 键即可。但是在 UEFI 的世界里，就不一样了。要访问 UEFI 设置，你就必须进入到 Windows 中去。让我们来看看如何在 Windows 8 中访问 UEFI 设置来禁用安全启动。
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||||
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||||
#### Step 1: 进入PC设置 ####
|
||||
|
||||
点击 Windows+I 按钮进入 Windows 设置界面。在底部，你会看到更改电脑设置的选项。点击它。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 2: 进入高级启动 ####
|
||||
|
||||
在 Windows 8 和 Windows8.1 上，PC设置有一个细微的差别。依照你使用的系统不同，分别按照下面介绍的各个步骤进行操作：
|
||||
|
||||
Windows 8的：在Windows 8中，你需要进入通用PC设置，并选择**高级启动**，然后点击**立即重新启动：**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Window 8.1**的：在 Windows8.1，从左侧边栏点击**更新和恢复**：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
然后单击**立即重新启动**下的**高级启动**：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
不要担心！这之后并不会立刻重新启动，而是会在下一步看到一些选项。
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 4: 进入UEFI设置 ####
|
||||
|
||||
当您单击了立即重新启动按钮，在下一页屏幕中，你将会看到一些可以选择的选项。这里选择**疑难解答**：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在**疑难解答**菜单中，选择**高级选项**：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在高级选项菜单中，选择**UEFI固件设置**：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
接下来，在UEFI设置里，点击**重新启动**按钮重新启动您的系统，就会看到类似BIOS一样的界面。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 5: 在 UEFI 中禁用安全启动 ####
|
||||
|
||||
这个时候，你一定已经启动到 UEFI 工具界面。你可以在这里更改各种设置。但我们想要做的，只是禁用安全启动选项，允许 Ubuntu 或者任何其它 Linux 版本的双启动。
|
||||
|
||||
移动到启动选项卡，在那里你会发现**安全引导**选项被设置为启用。使用箭头键进入安全引导选项，然后按**回车键**来选择它。 *使用+或 - 来改变它的值。按** F10 键保存更改**并退出 UEFI 设置。**提示时确认即可**。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
接下来，您将会正常引导到 Windows。现在，您就支持双启动 Windows8 与 Ubuntu 或其它 Linux 操作系统了。过段时间里我会写关于如何双启动 Ubuntu 与 Windows 8 UEFI 的教程。敬请关注。
|
||||
|
||||
我希望这个教程可以帮助您禁用 Windows8 和 Windows8.1 的安全引导。如有任何疑问或建议，欢迎随时评论。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/disable-uefi-secure-boot-in-windows-8/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[MikeCoder](https://github.com/MikeCoder) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
|
||||
如何在Linux的命令行中管理你的音乐库
|
||||
在Linux下用命令行中玩转音乐库
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
linux下的命令行可能是对于新手而言最恐怖的经历了。我记得花费数天的时间来尝试解码终端中错误信息。然而，这是完全值得的。如果我如今让我说只说一个让新手学习学习命令行的原因，，那可能是完全可以在命令行中管理音乐库。我喜欢用的软件是[cmus][1]，是"C* MUsic Player"(C音乐播放器)的简写，由于它完全由C写成。
|
||||
linux下的命令行可能是对于新手而言最恐怖的经历了。我记得花费若干小时来尝试搞明白终端爆出的错误信息。当然，这是完全值得的！如果现在让我只能挑一个让新手学习学习命令行的原因，那可能就是用命令行来整个管理音乐库。在这个事情上，我喜欢用的软件叫做[cmus][1]，是"C* MUsic Player"(C音乐播放器)的简写，它完全由C写成。
|
||||
|
||||
cmus是一个强力的内置音频播放器的音乐文件管理器。使用它基于ncurses的命令行界面，你可以浏览你的音乐库，并从播放列表或队列中播放音乐，这一切都在命令行下。
|
||||
cmus是一个内置了音频播放器的强大的音乐文件管理器。用它的基于ncurses的命令行界面，你可以浏览你的音乐库，并从播放列表或队列中播放音乐，这一切都是在命令行下。
|
||||
|
||||
### Linux上安装cmus ###
|
||||
|
||||
首先，你需要如下设置并安装cmus。
|
||||
首先，你需要按照如下建议设置并安装cmus。
|
||||
|
||||
在Ubuntu, Debian 或者Linux Mint中:
|
||||
|
||||
@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ cmus是一个强力的内置音频播放器的音乐文件管理器。使用它
|
||||
|
||||
$ cmus
|
||||
|
||||
### 导入 [音乐文件][4] 到 cmus ###
|
||||
### 导入音乐文件到 cmus ###
|
||||
|
||||
第一件要做的事情是导入你的音乐文件到你的库中。这个过程马上揭露了两件事情：快捷方式是受到了vim的启发，还有cmus运行的很快。我已经在20秒之内成功地导入了超过1000首歌！ 在iTunes或者其他任何图形音乐库软件下试一下，你就会有足够的时间来做一份花生酱三明治。
|
||||
第一件要做的事情是导入你的音乐文件到你的库中。这个过程可以看出两个事情：快捷方式受到了vim的命令模式的启发；还有cmus运行的很快。我已经在20秒之内成功地导入了超过1000首歌！而在iTunes或者其他任何图形音乐库软件下试一下导入，我想你会有足够的时间来做一份花生酱三明治 :>。
|
||||
|
||||
要在cmus下面导入音乐，输入下面的像vim一样的命令。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -54,21 +54,21 @@ cmus是一个强力的内置音频播放器的音乐文件管理器。使用它
|
||||
- **z** 播放前一首音乐
|
||||
- **s** 激活随机播放
|
||||
|
||||
掌握完后，你应该已经准备好开始了！
|
||||
记住之后，我们就准备开始了！
|
||||
|
||||
### 基本使用 ###
|
||||
|
||||
cmus的界面由7个标签组成，你可以按下适当的数字键来访问。比如，启动页面是一个树形标签界面，你随时可以通过按下1来访问。这个标签可以很直观地来使用：通过上下键来导航位于左侧面板的艺术家，按下空格就可以看到特定艺术家的专辑，使用tab键来切换到右侧面板来选择独立的歌曲，最后按下回车键来播放音乐。
|
||||
cmus的界面由7个界面组成，你可以按下适当的数字键来访问。比如，启动页面是一个树形界面，你随时可以通过按下“1”来访问。这个界面可以很直观地来使用：通过上下键来导航位于左侧面板的艺术家，按下空格就可以看到特定艺术家的专辑，使用tab键来切换到右侧面板来选择某个歌曲，最后按下回车键来播放音乐。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如你所见，底部显示了艺术家的名字，专辑，和正在播放歌曲的标题，还有时间和音量。
|
||||
|
||||
第二个标签与第一个刚才显示的类似，显示了按照艺术家排列的歌曲列表。
|
||||
第二个界面与第一个刚才显示的类似，显示了按照艺术家排列的歌曲列表。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
然而，第三个标签更加有趣，因为他显示了目前的播放列表。要在树形视图或者列表视图下增加一首歌曲，只要在选中的歌曲上输入'y'。一旦创建完成后，用命令行保存下来。
|
||||
然而，第三个界面更有用些，它显示了目前的播放列表。要在树形视图或者列表视图下增加一首歌曲，只要在选中的歌曲上输入'y'。当你创建了一个完美的歌单之后，用如下的命令行保存下来。
|
||||
|
||||
:save /path/to/playlist
|
||||
|
||||
@ -78,15 +78,15 @@ cmus的界面由7个标签组成，你可以按下适当的数字键来访问。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
第四个标签显示的是队列。队列与播放列表的一点不同是，一旦歌曲是按队列播放的，播放结束后就会被移出队列。要把一首歌加入队列，就像把它加到播放列表一样，但是使用快捷方式："e"
|
||||
第四个界面显示的是队列。队列与播放列表的一点不同是，一旦歌曲是按队列播放的，播放结束后就会被移出队列。要把一首歌加入队列，就像把它加到播放列表一样，但是使用快捷方式："e"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
第五个标签也同样很有趣，因为它是一个轻量级的文件浏览器。当你在你的电脑中查找一首歌曲而不必加入到库中的时候很有用。导航方式也非常标准：用向上或者向下键，回车键用来进入文件夹或者选中一个文件。
|
||||
第五个界面也同样很有用，它是一个轻量级的文件浏览器。当你在你的电脑中查找一首歌曲而不必加入到库中的时候很有用。导航方式也非常标准：用向上或者向下键，回车键用来进入文件夹或者选中一个文件。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
第六标签是一个库过滤器，用来动态创建播放列表。如它听上去的那样，过滤器会遍历你的库，并且只显示符合相关规则定义的音乐。之后我会描述定义你自己的过滤器，但是cmus已经自带了一些。要试一下，只要使用:
|
||||
第六界面是一个库过滤器，用来动态创建播放列表。如它听上去的那样，过滤器会遍历你的库，并且只显示符合相关规则定义的音乐。之后我会描述如何定义你自己的过滤器，但是cmus已经自带了一些。要试一下，只要使用:
|
||||
|
||||
:filter [name of the filter]
|
||||
|
||||
@ -94,19 +94,19 @@ cmus的界面由7个标签组成，你可以按下适当的数字键来访问。
|
||||
|
||||
:filter classical
|
||||
|
||||
除了"Classical"标签的音乐，它会隐藏你库中所有的音乐。
|
||||
除了带有"Classical"标签的音乐，它会隐藏你库中所有的其它音乐。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
最后但同样重要的，第七个标签是设置。在这里，你可以定义你的快捷方式和命令。我会在下一部分给你一些例子。
|
||||
最后但同样重要的，第七个界面是设置。在这里，你可以定义你的快捷方式和命令。我会在下一部分给你一些例子。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 高级用法 ###
|
||||
|
||||
正如承诺那样，你现在已经更加熟悉界面了，我会给你一些贴士来增强你的体验。
|
||||
正如承诺那样，你现在已经更加熟悉界面了，我会给你一些小技巧来增强你的体验。
|
||||
|
||||
要在标签中搜索任何东西，只要如vim那样使用相同的快捷方式
|
||||
要在界面中搜索任何东西，只要如vim那样使用相同的快捷方式
|
||||
|
||||
/[keyword]
|
||||
|
||||
@ -120,33 +120,33 @@ cmus的界面由7个标签组成，你可以按下适当的数字键来访问。
|
||||
|
||||
:fset [name of the new filter]=[expression]
|
||||
|
||||
比如，你可以找到所有的老的摇滚音乐:
|
||||
比如，你可以找到所有的旧式摇滚音乐:
|
||||
|
||||
:fset oldies=genre="Rock"&date<1970
|
||||
|
||||
要了解更多关于你可以使用的表达式，我邀请你更多地在文档中挖掘已有的过滤器。
|
||||
要了解更多关于你可以使用的表达式，我建议你仔细阅读文档和已有的过滤器。
|
||||
|
||||
要激活重新播放所有的音乐，使用如下命令:
|
||||
要重新播放所有的音乐（不过滤），使用如下命令:
|
||||
|
||||
:set replaygain=1
|
||||
|
||||
要改变快捷方式到不同的键上，进入设置标签并找出现有的绑定表达式。举个例子来说，我想要将播放快捷方式从"x"改到"w",我会翻到下面的行：
|
||||
要改变快捷键到不同的键上，进入设置界面并找出现有的绑定表达式。举个例子来说，我想要将播放快捷方式从"x"改到"w",我会翻到下面的行：
|
||||
|
||||
common x player-play
|
||||
|
||||
接着按下回车，并改成下面的表达式
|
||||
|
||||
:bind -f common w player-stop
|
||||
:bind -f common w player-play
|
||||
|
||||
总的来说，我真的喜欢cmus。它还有许多本篇中没有提到的技巧，因此在你准备好后，应该认真要读一下[man帮组手册][5]。简而言之，cmus是一款快速，易于学习，尊重你的文件的软件。如果你喜欢从命令行下管理音乐库的想法，但是还没对cmus深信不疑，我邀请你先试一下一些替代品，如MOC和PyTone，它们同样也很棒。
|
||||
总的来说，我真的喜欢cmus。它还有许多本篇中没有提到的技巧，因此在你准备好后，应该认真要读一下[man帮助手册][5]。简而言之，cmus是一款快速的，易于学习，不会乱动你的文件的好软件。如果你喜欢从命令行下管理音乐库的想法，但是还没有成为cmus的忠实粉丝，我建议你可以先试一下一些替代品，如MOC和PyTone，它们同样也很棒。
|
||||
|
||||
你认为cmus怎么样？你喜欢它么，或者作为GUI的替代品？让我在评论区知道你们的想法。
|
||||
你认为cmus怎么样？你喜欢它么，或者作为图形界面的替代品？让我在评论区知道你们的想法。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/manage-music-library-command-line-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
|
||||
|
||||
Linus对支持链接时优化(LTO)的Linux内核并不看好
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
之前，用于[启用Linux 3.15内核的实验LTO支持][1]的补丁已经发布了一个PR（上拉请求），但Linus Torvalds 还没有决定他是否会接受这段代码到上游的Linux内核…… Linus 仍然没看到链接时优化内核（LTO：ink-time optimizations）的好处，也不确认这段代码是否已准备好放入主干中。
|
||||
|
||||
[LTO的Linux kernel][2]有一个好处是，可以减小Linux内核镜像的大小，而且更快和更高效。在GCC中配合使用LTO会使整个程序在链接阶段就实现整个的二进制优化。先前的结果表明，一个LTO的内核可以减少超过10％的尺寸大小，并且内核优化后比常规的内核快百分之几，但是它目前的问题是需要占用更多的系统内存以及更长的编译时间。
|
||||
|
||||
这个推送给Linux 3.15 LTO Kconfig的PR，希望在下一个内核版本中的增加一个实验性选项。作为回复，Linus Torvalds[写道][3]:
|
||||
|
||||
> 到目前为止，我有几个不进行合并的原因(“实验性太强，我们甚至不希望鼓励人们去测试它”，以及“它不是完全可靠，并且使得编译时间变的**很长**").
|
||||
>
|
||||
> 而且至今没有人真正和我讨论过，为什么我*应该*合并它（译注：Linus的意思是说其实没有人真正知道，并且讨论合并LTO的理由）。
|
||||
>
|
||||
>如上，我是这样觉得的，这让我多少动力去合并它。
|
||||
>
|
||||
>所以我认为我应该让“子弹飞一会儿”，_直到_人们开始讨论它带来的好处。最终的结果是到底可以小到什么程度呢？快到什么程度呢？能干的多漂亮呢？是否会有新的更酷的东西出现？那些很酷的事情真地快要来到了吗？真的希望这个可以被合并，甚至在还没完全准备好的情况下？
|
||||
>
|
||||
>所以，请说服我。Andi？
|
||||
>
|
||||
> Linus
|
||||
|
||||
作为对Linus的关注的回应，LTO内核变得尺寸更小了，通过把未使用代码的自动淘汰，它们减少了对许多低级Kconfig符号的需要、减少了所需的配置选项的数目。来自Tim bird的几个报告显示，在ARM上带有LTO配置的内核可以减少11％的尺寸，而其他用户甚至最多减少了30％。也有报告称系统调用减少了约4％。基准测试的结果根据测试负载有所差异，但一般都有几个百分点的提升。
|
||||
|
||||
如今，Linux内核是否支持[链接时优化][4]仍然在讨论，Linus 是否愿意合并此实验性功能到Linux 3.15还不明朗。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTY1OTg
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[owen-carter](https://github.com/owen-carter) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTY1ODA
|
||||
[2]:http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTY0OTc
|
||||
[3]:http://lkml.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/1404.1/00275.html
|
||||
[4]:http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=search&q=link-time+optimization
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
|
||||
Ubuntu现在运行在世界最快超级计算机上
|
||||
=========================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Canonical公司意图创建最常用的Linux桌面发行版，然而它也成为了最成功的服务器操作系统之一。事实上，Ubuntu Server, Ubuntu Openstack 和 Ubuntu的编制工具Juju，正在运行在世界上最强的超级计算机上。**
|
||||
|
||||
现在，世界上最强大的超级计算机是天河二号，它在中国的广东省。据它的制造者介绍，这些服务器使用Intel Xeon处理器、Intel Xeon Phi协同处理器，它有每秒160Gb的传输速度用于两个节点之间超高速传输。从2013年以来它一直保持着最强记录。
|
||||
|
||||
“Ubuntu OpenStack运行在256个高性能节点上，而且在接下来的数月将会增长至超过6400个节点。这些节点将能够提供给广东政府部门和其他国防科技大学的合作伙伴们使用，用于进行分析、人口普查以及运行电子政务应用程序。”
|
||||
|
||||
“OpenStack和Ubuntu的编制工具Juju都将运行在天河二号上，使国防科技大学的合作伙伴和联盟机构能够快速部署和管理高性能云环境”官方的[通告][1]中这样写道。
|
||||
|
||||
Canonical公司正在努力推动中国市场，并且他们已经正在尝试用Ubuntu Kylin覆盖桌面生态系统，正当微软宣布Windows XP生命终结的同时，它抓住了一个很好的时机。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-Is-Now-Running-on-World-s-Fastest-Supercomputer-442733.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[reinoir](https://github.com/reinoir)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:https://insights.ubuntu.com/2014/05/14/nudt-and-canonical-bring-openstack-to-worlds-fastest-supercomputer/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
|
||||
alim0x translating
|
||||
|
||||
Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**After what feels like forever in the making, Google has today released the first stable version of Chrome for Linux to use Aura, the search giant’s in-house graphics stack. **
|
||||
|
||||
Aura, which replaces GTK+, is used to draw the bulk of the Chrome UI on screen, including menus and window frames (and yes, it works fine with both locally integrated and global menus).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The “shell” is already in use on Windows and Chrome OS builds and, as it’s largely cross-platform, enables Google to develop new features faster and ensure feature parity across different operating systems.
|
||||
|
||||
An accelerated interface, Aura is better able to leverage GPU features in Chrome/Chromium on Linux than GTK+ builds. Notably, it is able to use OpenGL on a per-window rather than per-tab basis.
|
||||
|
||||
Its arrival also brings additional features to the desktop, including the Chrome Notification Centre, [an optional App Launcher][1] and support for displaying select Google Now cards.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Other Changes ###
|
||||
|
||||
Chrome 35 stable also comes loaded with a bunch of cross platform changes, including a number of new extension APIs for developers to toy around with; new touch input controls; and undefined ‘new JavaScript features’.
|
||||
|
||||
As with every release there are a bunch of stability, performance and security updates bundled in.
|
||||
|
||||
To download Google Chrome 35 for Linux just hit the button below.
|
||||
|
||||
- [Download Google Chrome][2]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/google-chrome-35-linux-arrives-aura
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:https://chrome.google.com/webstore/launcher
|
||||
[2]:https://www.google.com/chrome/browser/
|
||||
@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||
linuhap 翻译中
|
||||
BattleBlock Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
@ -53,4 +54,4 @@ via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/BattleBlock-Theater-Now-Rules-the-Steam-for-
|
||||
[17]:
|
||||
[18]:
|
||||
[19]:
|
||||
[20]:
|
||||
[20]:
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Translating by GoLinux!
|
||||
|
||||
Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Git 1.9.3, a free and open source distributed version control system designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with speed and efficiency, is now available for download.**
|
||||
|
||||
The new Git 1.9.x branch continues the trend of large releases, integrating a big number of changes and fixes. This latest build in the branch is a little bit smaller than what we were expecting, but it does feature some interesting changes. If you are using Git, you might consider to update to the new version.
|
||||
|
||||
According to the developers, "git p4" dealing with changes in binary files was broken by a change in 1.9 release, but it has been fixed. The shell prompt script (in contrib/), when using the PROMPT_COMMAND interface, no longer uses an unsafe construct when showing the branch name in $PS, and "git rebase" no longer uses a POSIX shell construct.
|
||||
|
||||
Also, some more Unicode codepoints defined in Unicode 6.3 as having zero width have been fixed, and some tests used shell constructs that did not work well on FreeBSD, but they have been fixed.
|
||||
|
||||
For a complete list of changes, check out the [changelog][1].
|
||||
|
||||
### download Git 1.9.3 ###
|
||||
|
||||
- [tar.gz][2][sources] [4.60 MB]
|
||||
- [Debian/Ubuntu DEB ALL][3][ubuntu_deb] [0 KB]
|
||||
- [Red Hat/Fedora/Mandriva/openSUSE RPM noarch][4][rh_rpm] [0 KB]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Git-1-9-3-Version-Control-System-Officially-Released-441600.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:https://github.com/git/git/blob/master/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.3.txt
|
||||
[2]:https://github.com/git/git/archive/v1.9.3.tar.gz
|
||||
[3]:http://git-scm.com/download/linux
|
||||
[4]:http://git-scm.com/download/linux
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
|
||||
Native Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Spotify for Linux has been updated with the same flatter, darker design that the streaming service brought to its apps on other platforms last month. **
|
||||
|
||||
Steely grey gradients and expansive swathes of white have given way to a colour scheme based on black, black and slightly lighter black. Even the company’s trademark green hasn’t been spared the overhaul, with its use now limited to the odd flourish here and there.
|
||||
|
||||
> ‘Spotify say the design puts the emphasis squarely on content’
|
||||
|
||||
Rounded elements have been introduced on artist and profile photos, while navigation and player controls buttons have been given iOS 7-style thin line makeovers.
|
||||
|
||||
Spotify say the design puts the emphasis squarely on content, likening the new look to “*a cinema when you dim the lights.*”
|
||||
|
||||
Aside from the changes staring you in the face there are a couple under the hood that you might otherwise miss. These include the use of OpenSSL 1.0.x, working local music playback using *libavcodec54* and support for native system notifications on track change.
|
||||
|
||||
For now, 32-bit builds are not available.
|
||||
|
||||
The native, if eternally-in-preview, Spotify client for Linux **supports free and subscription accounts**.
|
||||
|
||||
### Install Spotify ###
|
||||
|
||||
To install Spotify on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS open a new terminal and enter the following commands.
|
||||
|
||||
The first adds the official Spotify repository to your software sources list:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://repository.spotify.com stable non-free" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/spotify.list'
|
||||
|
||||
Add the secure key for the repository to prevent errors being thrown up:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 94558F59
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, update and install the application:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install spotify-client-qt
|
||||
|
||||
Launch the app from the Dash once installation has completed.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/spotify-linux-preview-update-new-design
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
|
||||
Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**The Tiny Core team has announced that piCore 5.3, the Raspberry Pi port of Tiny Core Linux, has just received a new version and is now available for download.**
|
||||
|
||||
The Tiny Core developers are actually responsible for a larger number of other distributions that are built with the same foundations. There are a number of variants available from the developer. There is the Core version (base system the provides only a command line interface for experienced users), TinyCore (recommended option for new users who have a wired network connection), and CorePlus (an installation image, not a Live one).
|
||||
|
||||
Team Tiny Core is not at the first release of this Linux distribution, but some improvements were necessary, although the changes are not all that big, with the exception of a new Linux kernel.
|
||||
|
||||
According to the changelog, the Linux kernel has been updated to version 3.14.4, the Raspberry Pi firmware has been updated to its latest version (May release), e2fsprogs has been updated to version 1.42.10, HDMI sound is now working at 192 kbit/s rate, CMA and FIQ-FSM are now enabled by default, and sudo is now used when unmounting meta-extensions.
|
||||
|
||||
It's possible to update previous versions on Raspberry Pi without removing the SD card, and the devs have posted some instructions on how to do this.
|
||||
|
||||
“Download piCore-5.3rc4-boot.tar.gz extract to a temporary folder and overwrite content of /mnt/mmcblk0p1 after mounting it. It will overwrite custom boot options. If you have customized cmdline.txt on config.txt in the old system, do it again.”
|
||||
|
||||
“Do not reboot if using wireless remote connection, otherwise you will lose connection due to incompatible kernel modules! Next download kernel module tcz's from the repo matching new kernel version and reboot. You must have a new, updated system working. Please note, there may be kernel module extensions which are not yet available in the repo,” read the notes posted on the official forums.
|
||||
|
||||
A complete list of updates and changes can be found in the official announcement. You can download piCore 5.3 right now from Softpedia.
|
||||
|
||||
Raspberry Pi relies on an ARM processor with a clock speed of 700 MHz, 512 MB of RAM, an SD card slot, and a 5V Micro USB connector that supplies the power. It also features RCA and HDMI ports.
|
||||
|
||||
The Raspberry Pi port of Tiny Core Linux is an independent system architected by Robert Shingledecker and now developed by a small team with strong community support.
|
||||
|
||||
If you are not familiar with the Tiny Core family of Linux distributions, you need to know that this is a modular-based system with community-built extensions. It usually implements the latest Linux kernel vmlinuz 3.0 and a 5MB core.gz.
|
||||
|
||||
### Tiny Core Linux piCore 5.3: Free Download ###
|
||||
|
||||
- [Tiny Core Linux piCore 5.3 (zip) Multiple editions][3][binary] [14 MB]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Smallest-OS-for-Raspberry-Pi-piCore-5-3-Returns-with-Linux-Kernel-3-14-4-443246.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://forum.tinycorelinux.net/index.php/topic,17061.0.html
|
||||
[2]:http://linux.softpedia.com/get/Linux-Distributions/Tiny-Core-Linux-piCore-103260.shtml
|
||||
[3]:http://tinycorelinux.net/5.x/armv6/releases/5.3/
|
||||
@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
|
||||
owen-carter translating
|
||||
Torvalds Is Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Yesterday patches were published via a pull request to [enable experimental LTO support for the Linux 3.15 kernel][1], but Linus Torvalds hasn't yet decided whether he will accept this code in the upstream Linux kernel... Linus doesn't yet see the benefits in link-time optimizations for the kernel and isn't sure whether this code is ready yet to be mainlined.
|
||||
|
||||
[LTO'ing the Linux kernel][2] has the potential of reducing the size of the Linux kernel image along with generating a faster and more efficient binary. Link-time optimizations within GCC allow the whole program to be optimized at link-time stage across the entire binary. Previous results showed that an LTO'ed kernel could be over 10% smaller in size and a few percent faster by optimizing the kernel in this manner, but it currently results in much greater system memory usage and a much longer compilation process.
|
||||
|
||||
In responding to the Linux 3.15 LTO Kconfig pull request that would make it an experimental option for the next kernel release, Linus Torvalds [wrote][3]:
|
||||
|
||||
> So right now, I see several reasons not to merge it ("It's so experimental that we don't even want to encourage people to test it" to "it's not fully fleshed out yet and makes compile times _much_ longer").
|
||||
>
|
||||
> And yet nobody has actually talked about why I *should* merge it.
|
||||
>
|
||||
> Which - I think understandably - makes me less than enthusiastic.
|
||||
>
|
||||
> So I think I'll let this wait a bit longer, _unless_ people start talking about the upsides. How much smaller is the end result? How much faster is it? How much more beautiful is it? Does it make new cool things possible? Are those cool things really close on the horizon and really want this merged even though it's not really quite ready yet?
|
||||
>
|
||||
> So please: convince me. Andi?
|
||||
>
|
||||
> Linus
|
||||
|
||||
In response to Torvalds' concerns, among the responses back were that the LTO kernels are smaller in size, they reduce the need for many lower-level Kconfig symbols / reduce the number of CONFIG options needed since unused code can automatically be eliminated, etc. Numbers reported by Tim Bird saw an 11% binary reduction on ARM with the LTO configuration while other users can see upwards of a 30% reduction. There's also reports of an LTO kernel having about 4% less system calls. Benchmark results vary based upon workload but can range from no improvement to generally a couple of percent.
|
||||
|
||||
At the moment the matter of [link-time optimization][4] support for the Linux kernel is still being discussed with Linus not yet coming out with any revised thoughts whether he's willing to merge this experimental feature for Linux 3.15 or not.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTY1OTg
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTY1ODA
|
||||
[2]:http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTY0OTc
|
||||
[3]:http://lkml.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/1404.1/00275.html
|
||||
[4]:http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=search&q=link-time+optimization
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
|
||||
Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**WinAte, the theme pack that will turn your Ubuntu and Debian installation into a Windows 7 of Windows 8 look-alike, has just received a new update.**
|
||||
|
||||
There was a time when it was easy to change the look of most Linux distributions and make them look like a Windows counterpart, but that time has passed. There are only a handful that can still be modified, and Ubuntu and Debian Jessie are among them.
|
||||
|
||||
“With this brand-new WinAte - Windows 7/8 Transformation Pack for LXDE - you will be able to get all the icons and overall appearance of Windows to your GNU/Linux box, without spending lots of resources nor having to adapt old Gnome 2 themes. Everything works just by executing the install.sh script. Just do that, logout and login again, and there should be a different feeling in the whole system,” reads the official website.
|
||||
|
||||
The package has a few dependencies that are very easy to meet: gtk2-engines-murrine, gtk2-engines-pixbuf, and compton. The installation is very simple and the instructions can be followed by anyone.
|
||||
|
||||
This theme is probably the closest that users will ever going to get to Windows 7 or Windows 8 in term of look, but it ca be used to help people migrate to Linux more easily.
|
||||
|
||||
You can download the WinAte - Windows 7/8 Theme pack from [gnome-look.org][1].
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Turn-Ubuntu-and-Debian-Jessie-into-Windows-7-and-Windows-8-with-WinAte-Theme-Pack-443302.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://gnome-look.org/content/show.php/%5BLXDE%5DWinAte+-+Windows+7%2B8+Theme+pack?content=163150
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
|
||||
Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**The development of Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) started a few weeks ago and now the developers have made the first major change to it by adding a new Linux kernel.**
|
||||
|
||||
Usually, the development of a new version of Ubuntu begins by basing it on the latest release, in this case Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. The team starts adding new packages to the distribution, usually stuff that didn't have a chance to make it into the previous one. One of the key components for a Linux distribution is the Linux kernel, and this package has been updated as well.
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 14.04 LTS shipped with Linux kernel 3.13 and the developers didn't get a chance to add the 3.14 branch into the mix. It shipped too late and there wasn't enough time to test it. Until now, the Ubuntu team didn't say what kernel they were targeting for the final release, but they have implemented the 3.15 build, even if it's still under development.
|
||||
|
||||
“We have uploaded our first v3.15 based kernel, 3.15.0-1.5, to the Utopic archive. It is currently based on the v3.15-rc5 upstream kernel,” [said Joseph Salisbury][1] in the regular Ubuntu Kernel Team meeting.
|
||||
|
||||
It's very likely that at least another version of Linux kernel, 3.16, will have already been released by the time Ubuntu 14.10 hits the kernel freeze (past this point the kernel can no longer be updated), so this might be the one that will get implemented by October.
|
||||
|
||||
If nothing out of the ordinary happens with the kernel development, each cycle usually features eight to ten Release Candidates, but this number can vary. Linus Torvalds usually releases a new RC every week, but it's not set in stone. For example, it's been almost two weeks since the last RC in the 3.15 series.
|
||||
|
||||
Canonical has to consider that Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS and Ubuntu 14.04.1 will also be released in the coming months and the kernel freeze for this version is only 5 weeks away.
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) promises to be a very interesting version and there is already talk about a new flavor, featuring Unity 8 and Mir, that could be launched in parallel with the regular one.
|
||||
|
||||
If you really want to see what is happening on the Ubuntu 14.10 front you can always [download the daily image][2] and give it a spin. For now it's almost identical with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, but that will soon change.
|
||||
|
||||
### download ###
|
||||
|
||||
- [Ubuntu 14.10 Daily Build (ISO) 64-bit][3][iso] [965 MB]
|
||||
- [Ubuntu 14.10 Daily Build (ISO) 32-bit][4][iso] [971 MB]
|
||||
- [Ubuntu 14.10 Daily Build (ISO) 64-bit Mac][5][iso] [963 MB]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-14-10-Utopic-Unicorn-Now-Based-on-Linux-Kernel-3-15-RC5-443260.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-devel/2014-May/038305.html
|
||||
[2]:http://linux.softpedia.com/get/Linux-Distributions/Ubuntu-Utopic-Unicorn-103418.shtml
|
||||
[3]:http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/daily-live/current/utopic-desktop-amd64.iso
|
||||
[4]:http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/daily-live/current/utopic-desktop-i386.iso
|
||||
[5]:http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/daily-live/current/utopic-desktop-amd64+mac.iso
|
||||
@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||
zpl1025
|
||||
Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi: Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You?
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
@ -240,4 +241,4 @@ via: http://readwrite.com/2014/05/07/arduino-vs-raspberry-pi-projects-diy-platfo
|
||||
[17]:http://forum.arduino.cc/
|
||||
[18]:https://learn.adafruit.com/category/learn-arduino
|
||||
[19]:http://www.reddit.com/r/Arduino
|
||||
[20]:http://www.doctormonk.com/2012/04/raspberry-pi-and-arduino.html
|
||||
[20]:http://www.doctormonk.com/2012/04/raspberry-pi-and-arduino.html
|
||||
|
||||
115
sources/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md
Normal file
115
sources/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
|
||||
TechView: Linus Torvalds, Inventor of Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
> TechView is a new part of TechScape featuring exclusive interviews and long-running conversations with Technology glitterati about all things Technology.
|
||||
>
|
||||
> Our first conversation is with [Linus Torvalds][1] the legendary inventor of Linux and founder of the Open Source crusade. Torvalds was born in Helsinki, Finland the grandson of poet Ole Torvalds. Though he prefers to tell people he was named after the "Peanuts" character, the truth is he was named after Linus Pauling, two-time Nobel Prize-winner. His computer experience began with a Commodore, moved to a Sinclair and an IBM 386. He initially used a Minix OS which he swapped with his own Linux OS. Torvalds is married to wife, Tove, a six-time Finnish national karate champion, they have three daughters and live in San Jose, California.
|
||||
|
||||
**TechView (TV)**: What excites you in Technology today?
|
||||
|
||||
**Torvalds**: I'm pretty much an "eyes on the ground in front of you" kind of guy, so I get excited by actual new pieces of technology rather than some more fluffy "big trends".
|
||||
|
||||
I love following what the hardware companies do, their newest chips, and what probably motivates me the most (since I'm a software person, after all) is people who come up with new algorithms and software to take advantage of all those new capabilities.
|
||||
|
||||
**TV**: What really pisses you off in Technology today? How and why does it make you angry?
|
||||
|
||||
**Torvalds**: I wouldn't say it makes me angry, but if there's something distasteful in the tech market, it's the glorification of the most visible "leaders".
|
||||
|
||||
That very much includes me, btw. I think the whole "cult of personality" is pretty disturbing, and I hate how people take me and what I say too seriously. The same goes for Jobs, Ellison, Gates, you name it. I wish more people thought for themselves, and realized that the technology actually flows from all those random anonymous great engineers that are all around.
|
||||
|
||||
I understand that people want and need a focus, and that it doesn't just happen in technology either (hey, I sure hope it happens less in technology than it happens in the entertainment industry ;), but it's still a bit sad.
|
||||
|
||||
**TV**: How was it that you missed capturing "the licensing opportunity of a lifetime" but others such as Red Hat, SuSE, etc. didn't? Was this because if Linux wasn't Open Source it never would've been Linux? Tell me more about this and whether you've ever been kicking yourself over it.
|
||||
|
||||
**TV**: I'm definitely not kicking myself over anything. I'm in the enviable position that I get to do what I love to do, and people respect me for it, and I'm even paid to do things that I would (and did) do for free!
|
||||
|
||||
I think very few people get to feel like they have actually made a difference, and let me tell you, it's a good feeling to have. I was never very interested in the commercial side, and to me the people and companies who were able to take Linux and use it commercially are the people who did what I simply would never have had the drive to do. And it was needed, and useful, so I'm actually very grateful for the commercial entities: they've allowed me to concentrate on the parts I enjoy.
|
||||
|
||||
**TV**: Who do you respect in Technology today and why?
|
||||
|
||||
**Torvalds**: Heh. See my answer ranting against that whole "cult of personality". I'm just not all that impressed by the whole "let's find a person and put him on a pedestal" thing.
|
||||
|
||||
So rather than name individuals, I'd be much happier to point to things like the EFF - the organizations (and sometimes just the notions and ideas) that try to not necessarily improve just their own lot in life, but try to do something concrete to help make technology work better in a bigger picture.
|
||||
|
||||
On an individual level, I tend to like people who don't take themselves too seriously, and play well at what they do. If I had to pick some well-known individual, I think the Steve Wozniak kind of person is the kind that I'd prefer to be, and I guess that makes me respect him.
|
||||
|
||||
**TV**: What happens in your estimation between Google and Microsoft when it's all been said and done? Why does the winner win?
|
||||
|
||||
**Torvalds**: I don't think the winner is nearly as interesting as the process of it happening.
|
||||
|
||||
In the whole Google vs. MS, I really don't think the companies themselves are as interesting as the changes in the technology environment that made the focus shift. It shifted from the company that controlled what happened on individual machines, to a company that is much more about the aggregate of tons of individual machines.
|
||||
|
||||
**TV**: Why do you think the Tech Wreck, Dot-Com Debacle and Telecom Meltdown occurred? How can we prevent a repeat in the future?
|
||||
|
||||
**Torvalds**: Actually, I'm going to be contrarian on that, and argue that there's no reason to "prevent a repeat".
|
||||
|
||||
I'm a big believer in pushing the envelope, and I'm not a huge believer in trying to be entirely stable and 100% "sane".
|
||||
|
||||
A lot of real development happens in spurts, and as part of what later is called "hype" and other unflattering things. But the thing is, trying too hard to be sane and boring and not doing stupid things is actually
|
||||
counter-productive.
|
||||
|
||||
I personally think the stable development model is not one of continual incremental improvements, but a succession of overshooting and crashing.
|
||||
|
||||
The gradual incremental improvement may often look like the better strategy, but if you don't overshoot and crash occasionally, how do you ever know that you're actually ever pushing the envelope at all?
|
||||
|
||||
**TV**: How will Technology change our lives in the future? Would you work with any other leaders in other sectors to create new technologies, Bioinformatics, for instance?
|
||||
|
||||
**Torvalds**: My personal theory is that technology doesn't change our lives nearly as much as we tend to build our technology to suit our lives.
|
||||
|
||||
Which is why you don't see flying cars etc favorite staples of science fiction - but instead see technology being used to lower the transaction costs of things that existed before but where it just wasn't practical
|
||||
before to do them on a bigger scale or individually tailored (except, sometimes, for the insanely rich).
|
||||
|
||||
So technology seldom directly changes our lives per se - although it often means that lots more people have access to things that used to be rare, or only limited to the insanely rich.
|
||||
|
||||
The real changes come about when something gets so cheap and ubiquitous that that just causes you to behave differently. And in many ways, those behavioural changes are more interesting than the technology itself.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, the one thing that the internet really did was to lower the "transaction cost" of finding and communicating with other people who shared your interests, and I think a lot of the real changes flowed from how people change their habits when it's easy to find other people who are interested in the same things without having to really even go to much effort.
|
||||
|
||||
So you find all these specialty interest groups, and a lot of people spending a lot of time discussing the most esoteric issues that they just happen to find interesting - things that you simply couldn't necessarily
|
||||
practically do before, because it was really hard to find and talk to people who were interested in some unusual speciality.
|
||||
|
||||
And I think that's how lives really change - not really because of any new technological whiz-bang feature, but because a totally unintentional side effect of technology lowering the incremental costs.
|
||||
|
||||
**TV**: Who in your estimation are the most important people in Technology today?
|
||||
|
||||
**Torvalds**: I think it's a bit telling how a lot of technology is driven no longer by military or even commercial needs, but by the consumer market. I also think that a lot of the totally idiotic things that companies seem to be doing (DRM in particular) seem to be overlooking that the most important person for any technology always ends up being the "user".
|
||||
|
||||
So I think the answer to your question as far as I'm concerned is the "user" aka "consumer", and that it's the most important part exactly because THAT is where the needs and the actual commercial successes will stem from.
|
||||
|
||||
**TV**: What are some of your personal views? Religion? Politics?
|
||||
|
||||
**Torvalds**: I'm completely a-religious--atheist. I find that people seem to think religion brings morals and appreciation of nature. I actually think it detracts from both. It gives people the excuse to say, 'Oh, nature was just created,' and so the act of creation is seen to be something miraculous. I appreciate the fact that, 'Wow, it's incredible that something like this could have happened in the first place.' Yeah, it's kind of ironic that in many European countries, there is actually a kind of legal binding between the state and the state religion.
|
||||
|
||||
I became a United States citizen and I'm registered to vote in the United States. I don't support any political party because I have way too much personal pride to want to be associated with any of them, quite frankly.
|
||||
|
||||
**TV**: Kiitos Linus!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/billrobinson/techview-linus-torvalds-i_b_5338844.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds
|
||||
[2]:
|
||||
[3]:
|
||||
[4]:
|
||||
[5]:
|
||||
[6]:
|
||||
[7]:
|
||||
[8]:
|
||||
[9]:
|
||||
[10]:
|
||||
[11]:
|
||||
[12]:
|
||||
[13]:
|
||||
[14]:
|
||||
[15]:
|
||||
[16]:
|
||||
[17]:
|
||||
[18]:
|
||||
[19]:
|
||||
[20]:
|
||||
57
sources/talk/The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned.md
Normal file
57
sources/talk/The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
|
||||
The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> The open source community has been turning on itself lately, just like the good old days.
|
||||
|
||||
Open source has gone soft. We used to pass the time with hangings of the ideologically impure, but of late we've had this weird obsession with sharing code and innovation.
|
||||
|
||||
Fortunately, this streak of pragmatism was bound to end. In the past few weeks, we've picketed Mozilla for supporting DRM and pilloried Red Hat for competing against OpenStack rivals. The community that once spent years counting the number of free software angels that were bumped off the [Open Core][1] pin is back to eating its own.
|
||||
|
||||
And oh, how we missed it!
|
||||
|
||||
### Red Hat Rewinds To 2003 ###
|
||||
|
||||
Red Hat, arguably the poster child for open source idealism, has come under fire in the past week for—wait for it!—refusing to support its competitors. ReadWrite's Jodi Mardesich [does an excellent job uncovering][2] the accusations and Red Hat's labored defense, but ultimately, the real issue is this:
|
||||
|
||||
Red Hat doesn't want to support competitors, and its OpenStack competitors don't like that much.
|
||||
|
||||
In what other universe would this even be news?
|
||||
|
||||
### Mozilla Becomes A Mudblood ###
|
||||
|
||||
The problem for Red Hat is that it has such a strong track record of open source idealism that it's an easy target if it looks like it's coloring outside the lines. But Mozilla, if anything, offers an even bigger target.
|
||||
|
||||
Mozilla, for its part, committed the cardinal sin of serving its users. The organization that recently went through a bout of self-immolation over its ousted CEO's politics has been called on the carpet for agreeing to embed DRM technology in the otherwise pure Firefox browser code so that its users can—gasp!—watch videos on the Web.
|
||||
|
||||
No, really. People want to watch videos and Mozilla prefers they watch those videos in its browser. Stop the presses!
|
||||
|
||||
Ever ready to make much of others' ideological failings, the Free Software Foundation [blasted Mozilla][3], expressing its "deep disappoint[ment]" in Mozilla because its "decision compromises important principles in order to alleviate misguided fears about loss of browser market share."
|
||||
|
||||
After all, why should Mozilla bother with such silly things as, you know, actually being useful to customers?
|
||||
|
||||
Not to be outdone in the moralizing department, the [Electronic Frontier Foundation tsktsk's the decision][4], lamenting that "the last holdout for the open web has fallen." It goes on to argue that Mozilla's capitulation "changes the industry by accepting DRM" because such "repeated compromises to the needs of DRM advocates by tech company after tech company [are] transforming [the personal computer industry] into a sector that is dominated by established interests and produces locked-down devices, monitored and managed by everyone but their users."
|
||||
|
||||
Well, maybe. Or maybe, as Mozilla chair [Mitchell Baker explains][5] without such capitulation "Firefox users would need to use another browser every time they want to watch a controlled video, and that calls into question the usefulness of Firefox as a product."
|
||||
|
||||
Um, yes.
|
||||
|
||||
### A Return To Our Ideological Roots ###
|
||||
|
||||
However much we may want to force others to live by our absolutist ideals, the reality is that others may have different priorities. As free software gave way to open source, its more pragmatic cousin, a fixed fetish on "the one true way" to license software, also withered.
|
||||
|
||||
And yet, such ideological handwringing is useful, if not always convenient or pleasant. As much as I prefer the pragmatism of open source/Apache Software Foundation crowd, there's great benefit in the grating reminders of what's at stake from the more ideologically minded free software/GPL group. Software freedom actually does matter.
|
||||
|
||||
As such, and despite my sarcastic tone above, I simultaneously dread and welcome a return to the constant self-flagellation of the free and open-source software communities. It makes open source less collaborative and more fractious, but it may also make it more powerful and relevant for decades to come.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://readwrite.com/2014/05/21/open-source-witch-hunt-mozilla-openstack-redhat#feed=/hack&awesm=~oEYDhxfP0Qv5hE
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_core
|
||||
[2]:http://readwrite.com/2014/05/16/red-hat-openstack-mirantis-rhel-support
|
||||
[3]:http://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-condemns-partnership-between-mozilla-and-adobe-to-support-digital-restrictions-management
|
||||
[4]:https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2014/05/mozilla-and-drm
|
||||
[5]:https://blog.mozilla.org/blog/2014/05/14/drm-and-the-challenge-of-serving-users/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
|
||||
The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java!
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
NoSQL is picking up. Many enterprises and developers have already replaced their MySQL databases with the NoSQL version. NoSQL makes it easier to analyse unstructured data, as such developers must be aware of the latest trends and tools that exist in the world of NoSQL.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1.[Terrastore][1] ####
|
||||
|
||||
Modern document store which provides advanced scalability and elasticity features without sacrificing consistency. Terrastore is based on Terracotta, so it relies on an industry-proven, fast (and cool) clustering technology.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2.[Neo4j][2] ####
|
||||
|
||||
Open-source graph database, implemented in Java. The developers describe Neo4j as "embedded, disk-based, fully transactional Java persistence engine that stores data structured in graphs rather than in tables".
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3.[Voldemort][3] ####
|
||||
|
||||
Distributed key-value storage system. It is basically just a big, distributed, persistent, fault-tolerant hash table. For applications that can use an O/R mapper like active-record or hibernate this will provide horizontal scalability and much higher availability but at great loss of convenience.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4.[HBase][4] ####
|
||||
|
||||
Apache HBase is an open-source, distributed, versioned, non-relational database modeled after Google's Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data by Chang et al.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5.[InfoGrid][5] ####
|
||||
|
||||
Web Graph Database with a many additional software components that make the development of REST-ful web applications on a graph foundation easy.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6.[HyperGraphDB][6] ####
|
||||
|
||||
General purpose, extensible, portable, distributed, embeddable, open-source data storage mechanism. It is a graph database designed specifically for artificial intelligence and semantic web projects, it can also be used as an embedded object-oriented database for projects of all sizes.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 7.[Perst][7] ####
|
||||
|
||||
Perst is McObject's open source, dual license, object-oriented embedded database system (ODBMS). It is available in one edition developed as an all-Java embedded database, and another implemented in C# (for Microsoft .NET Framework applications).
|
||||
|
||||
#### 8.[NeoDatis ODB][8] ####
|
||||
|
||||
Simple Object Database that currently runs on the Java, .Net, Google Android, Groovy and Scala.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.efytimes.com/e1/fullnews.asp?edid=138992
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:https://code.google.com/p/terrastore/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.neo4j.org/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.project-voldemort.com/voldemort/
|
||||
[4]:http://hbase.apache.org/
|
||||
[5]:http://infogrid.org/trac/
|
||||
[6]:http://www.kobrix.com/hgdb.jsp
|
||||
[7]:http://www.mcobject.com/perst/
|
||||
[8]:http://neodatis.wikidot.com/
|
||||
@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
|
||||
GOLinux Translating!
|
||||
Enable Username On Indicator Panel In Ubuntu 14.04
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Hi Guys,
|
||||
|
||||
Well if you just installed Ubuntu 14.04, you should figure this out already.
|
||||
|
||||
You will notice that your name is not displayed on the indicator bar, in the right top corner of the desktop. If you still want enable it; this is very easy to do.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Open Terminal and run the command below:
|
||||
|
||||
$ gsettings set com.canonical.indicator.session show-real-name-on-panel true
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
To hide the name, just replace **true** with **false** in the above command:
|
||||
|
||||
$ gsettings set com.canonical.indicator.session show-real-name-on-panel false
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Enjoy!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/enable-username-indicator-panel-ubuntu-14-04/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
|
||||
translating by icybreaker
|
||||
How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**If you’ve recently installed or upgraded to Ubuntu GNOME 14.04 LTS then you will no doubt be enjoying a stable, dependable GNOME Shell experience.**
|
||||
|
||||
But I suspect that the more nerdcore users among you would rather trade in the stability that’s offered up by default for a newer, badder, and potentially much buggier experience. You want to know how to upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04?
|
||||
|
||||
### Well, I’m here to show you how. First though, I n ###
|
||||
|
||||
GNOME 3.12 was released in late March to much fanfare and some fantastic reviews. But despite going ‘stable’ before Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, released last month, it is not available to install from the Ubuntu 14.04 repositories — why?
|
||||
|
||||
Simply put it came too late in the development cycle to give enough time to thoroughly vet, test and ensure it was up to the standards an LTS release commands, and its users expect. Defaulting to the older 3.10 release makes sense as it benefits from having an extra cycle of thorough testing under its belt.
|
||||
|
||||
It’s for this reason that **upgrading to GNOME 3.12 is not recommended**.
|
||||
|
||||
Understood? Great, let’s move on to the fun stuff.
|
||||
|
||||
### How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04 ###
|
||||
|
||||
#### Make sure you’re running 3.10 ####
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
To follow this guide correctly you need to be running the latest release of Ubuntu (14.04 LTS) or Ubuntu GNOME. If not, stop now; you must upgrade before you continue. If you don’t you can expect a whole world of hassle to follow.
|
||||
|
||||
If you’re running the regular version of Ubuntu (i.e., the one with Unity) then you should go ahead and grab GNOME 3.10 from the Ubuntu Software Centre before proceeding.
|
||||
|
||||
Click the button below to prompt installation.
|
||||
|
||||
- [Install GNOME 3.10 in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS][1]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Add the GNOME 3.12 PPA ####
|
||||
|
||||
It was originally expected that GNOME 3.12 would be made available through the standard GNOME Team PPA following the release of Trusty. Three weeks hence, that hasn’t happened. As of writing it contains a handful of minor 3.10 packages and not anything related to the newest release.
|
||||
|
||||
However, the [GNOME Team Staging PPA][2] does contain all of the various 3.12 packages one needs to upgrade. Adding this archive should, the developers behind it say, result in a desktop that ‘runs smoothly’ but that packages included within have not been deemed ‘ready for general use’.
|
||||
|
||||
Providing you’re a dab hand with the PPA Purge tool you should be okay to continue. First, let’s check for and install any outstanding distribution updates:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
|
||||
|
||||
Install any packages waiting by hitting the enter key.
|
||||
|
||||
Once complete, or if you have no pending updates at all, you can add the GNOME 3 Team Staging PPA. To do this, open a new Terminal window and enter the following commands:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3-staging
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
|
||||
|
||||
You’ll be prompted to enter your password before the upgrade process can begin. Pay attention to any notices or alerts given. If all is acceptable agree to the installation by hitting the ‘y’ key.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Extras ####
|
||||
|
||||
For a true GNOME experience you may wish to grab some of the new GNOME applications, such as the [Polari IRC client, GNOME Maps and the GNOME Web browser][3]. To install these three in particular run the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install epiphany-browser gnome-maps polari -y
|
||||
|
||||
After everything has finished doing what it needs to, you’re safe to reboot!
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install epiphany-browser gnome-maps polari -y
|
||||
|
||||
After everything has finished doing what it needs to, you’re safe to reboot!
|
||||
|
||||
### After Care ###
|
||||
|
||||
#### Logging In ####
|
||||
|
||||
If you’re coming from Unity, Xfce or another desktop environment don’t forget to select the GNOME session from the login screen before logging in.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Drawbacks ####
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
For me, in my lone experience, GNOME 3.12 on Ubuntu 14.04 runs pretty much fine. There do not appear to be any significant performance regressions after upgrading, though I do see the odd, infrequent visual glitch that occurs when opening the activities overlay, and the occasional disappearing drop shadow from under an app. But as bugs go these are hardly deal breakers.
|
||||
|
||||
Performance seems to be on par with GNOME 3.10; applications open with just as much pep and there are no noticeable drops in interactivity.
|
||||
|
||||
I was marginally disappointed to find that the all new GNOME Videos application has not been packaged up in this PPA. One suspects there are reasons for this (likely requiring a newer version of streamer). I also noticed that several GNOME extensions refused to work after upgrading, something else to bear in mind.
|
||||
|
||||
With the lack of testing this has received, bugs are pretty much guaranteed. If you want stability (or to keep Unity working and intact) stick with the thoroughly tested GNOME 3.10.
|
||||
|
||||
### Downgrade from GNOME 3.12 to 3.10 ###
|
||||
|
||||
But if you want shiny new features and access to the latest builds of GNOME apps then don’t be afraid to give the staging PPA a whirl. You can always ‘downgrade’ using PPA Purge if things go awry.
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
|
||||
|
||||
sudo ppa-purge ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3-staging
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/upgrade-gnome-3-12-ubuntu-14-04
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:apt:gnome-shell
|
||||
[2]:https://launchpad.net/~gnome3-team/+archive/gnome3-staging?field.series_filter=trusty
|
||||
[3]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/03/top-12-features-gnome-3-12
|
||||
@ -1,108 +0,0 @@
|
||||
disylee来占坑2014-5-20
|
||||
How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Do you never miss a new strip from xkcd? Read webcomics regularly? Or would you like to back up all the strips of your favorite website? Hopefully, the open source community has the solution: a command line program to download all your favorite webcomics from your terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
Before we begin, remember that you should keep these downloaded strips for your personal use, and not broadcast them without permission. If you really like an author's work, support the comic by donating or buying some of the merchandise.
|
||||
|
||||
### Install Dosage on Linux ###
|
||||
|
||||
The open source program to download webcomics is called [dosage][1]. There are a couple of ways to install this webcomic downloader on your machine since it is written in Python. Today we will go with an easy way.
|
||||
|
||||
First, you will need to [install pip][2]. Also, make sure that you have at least Python 2.7.0 or Python 3.3 installed. Then use pip to install dosage as follows.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo pip install dosage
|
||||
|
||||
If pip cannot somehow find the package (like on Ubuntu 14.04), use the following command instead.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo pip install http://wummel.github.io/dosage/dist/dosage-2.13.tar.gz
|
||||
|
||||
dosage will automatically create a new folder called "Comics" in your home directory.
|
||||
|
||||
### Basic Usage of Dosage ###
|
||||
|
||||
dosage's basic usage can be described as follows. Using dosage, you can find webcomics in the database that you are interested in reading, download the strips, and easily fetch the latest strips as they come out. In a sense, you more or less subscribe to a webcomic, and dosage will take care of making sure that you never miss any unread strips.
|
||||
|
||||
To start downloading and reading offline your webcomics, begin by listing them with the command:
|
||||
|
||||
$ dosage -l
|
||||
|
||||
Right now, dosage has over 2000 comics in its database. My personal tip is if you are looking for a particular webcomic, use the syntax:
|
||||
|
||||
$ dosage -l | grep [keyword]
|
||||
|
||||
It will then return all the comics with title containing [keyword].
|
||||
|
||||
Once you decided which comic you wanted to subscribe to from the list, use this command to subsribe to the comic:
|
||||
|
||||
$ dosage [name of the webcomic]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Subscribing to a comic will automatically create a folder in the "Comics" directory, and download the latest strip of that webcomic.
|
||||
|
||||
If instead of downloading just the latest strip, you are interested in all the issues, use this command:
|
||||
|
||||
$ dosage -a [name of the comic]
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, once you subscribed to a couple of webcomics, you can easily download the latest strip of all of them in one shot with the simple command below:
|
||||
|
||||
$ dosage @
|
||||
|
||||
If you never want to miss your daily comics for example, you should run this command every day.
|
||||
|
||||
### Advanced Usage of Dosage ###
|
||||
|
||||
Past the first day playing around with dosage, you might want to get the most out of it. It entails knowing a bit more about the command's syntax and shortcuts.
|
||||
|
||||
If you tried to download some xkcd strips, you might have noticed that dosage refuses with the message:
|
||||
|
||||
use the --adult option to confirm your age
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Because by default dosage will ignore any webcomic flagged for people over 18 (and for some reason xkcd is one of them). To bypass that, just do as it says:
|
||||
|
||||
$ dosage --adult xkcd
|
||||
|
||||
From a previous example, you may have noticed that the argument '@' is used to refer to all downloaded comics. A continuation is '@@' for all comics in dosage database.
|
||||
|
||||
$ dosage @@
|
||||
|
||||
The above command will download the latest strip of every comic that dosage knows about.
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to fetch the strips from the beginning of the series up to a particular day, you can do:
|
||||
|
||||
$ dosage -a [name of the comic]:[year-month-day]
|
||||
|
||||
For example, to see all of Calvin and Hobbes' strips from 2014 until its creation, run:
|
||||
|
||||
$ dosage -a calvinandhobbes:2014-01-01
|
||||
|
||||
Finally for all the developers out there who would like to do something of these strips for your personal use, dosage integrates the possibility of generating rss, json, and html log files while downloading strips:
|
||||
|
||||
$ dosage -o [type] [name of the comic]
|
||||
|
||||
In the above command, [type] is either rss, json, or html, and [name of the comic] can also be just '@'. For example, the "html" argument will create a nice HTML code to see all the strips downloaded:
|
||||
|
||||
The command below will download all the strips for Calvin and Hobbes, and then spit out an HTML code to view in your web browser all the strips in a nice webpage format.
|
||||
|
||||
$ dosage -o html -a calvinandhobbes
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
To conclude, I invite you to read the [manual page][3] for more information. dosage is a really neat tool, and I know that it will be of great use to any fans of webcomics out there. I'm very curious to know what can come out of the fancier options like creating a json file out of downloaded strips.
|
||||
|
||||
Do you have an alternative to dosage? Or are you actually a fan of the latter and use it regularly? Let us know in the comments.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/download-webcomics-command-line-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://wummel.github.io/dosage/
|
||||
[2]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/install-pip-linux.html
|
||||
[3]:http://wummel.github.io/dosage/dosage.1.html
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
|
||||
How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
The biggest complaint you can hear those days about Ubuntu is the new Unity interface. I remember leaving for Archlinux precisely when Unity started to rise, and when it was made clear that it was here to stay. However, Unity indirectly has led to good consequences: it allowed other distributions and other desktop environments to become more prominent as people were unhappy with it. If your system can support it, no one is against a bit of eye candy.
|
||||
|
||||
So today I shall propose you a different type of application launcher which is definitely original: Gnome-Pie. Some of you may recognize the inspiration from the World of Warcraft addon "OPie." The concept is similar: a keyboard shortcut opens a circular "pie" from which you can select an application or a command to launch. The main idea behind that design is that a user does not have to remember the name of a command, but its direction. The fact that it is circular makes every application at the same distance from the pointer. Plus we get the combo that so many gamers adopted: left hand on the keyboard and right hand on the mouse. The two combined intend to minimize the amount of time needed and maximize the ergonomy.
|
||||
|
||||
### Gnome-Pie Installation ###
|
||||
|
||||
On Ubuntu, Gnome-Pie is available from the universe repository, but for some reason this version crashes at startup. Instead, I advise you to get it from the official PPA repository:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:simonschneegans/testing
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get update
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install gnome-pie
|
||||
|
||||
On Fedora, use this command to install it:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo yum install gnome-pie
|
||||
|
||||
For Archlinux, the package is on [AUR][1].
|
||||
|
||||
### Basic Usage of Gnome-Pie ###
|
||||
|
||||
By default, Gnome-Pie comes with a very decent initial configuration. The first pie, summoned with Ctrl+Alt+a, displays your system's basic applications.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The second pie, associated with Ctrl+Alt+b, brings your file manager's bookmarks.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The third pie is maybe the most useful as it displays your application menu, callable by Ctrl+Alt+Space.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The fourth pie is exclusively to control the music player. As you can guess, the shortcut is Ctrl+Alt+m.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The fifth pie is a quick access to the reboot, shutdown, and log out commands (with Ctrl+Alt+q, q for quit I suppose).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, the sixth pie controls the windows, allowing you to minimize, scale, close, etc. And of course, the shortcut is Ctrl+Alt+w.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
I find this default setup already pretty satisfactory, almost as good as an out-of-the-box launcher. However, if I wanted to be picky, I would say that some shortcuts are hard to perform with just one hand, and it is kind of frustrating to use two hands to call a pie, and then go back to the mouse to select the option. But again I am being picky.
|
||||
|
||||
However, we are on Linux! Who cares about the default? The whole point is to configure like crazy, and make the system our own. With Gnome-Pie, you are well served. The configuration screen lets you edit the current pies, change the shortcuts, select the icons, make your own pie, change the theme, and even make pie menu that summons another pie.
|
||||
|
||||
[][2]
|
||||
|
||||
You can even edit the pie to launch an URL, simulate a hotkey activation, or just your own command. The only thing that is potentially missing is the possibility to have widgets.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
In conclusion, Gnome-Pie is a quite attractive visual application launcher which differs from traditional text-based launchers. I really like the combo left hand on the keyboard and right hand on the mouse, which does indeed remind me of Warcraft or even Leagues of Legend. If players adopted this kind of system, it is because it is convenient and efficient. I would even advise it if you are trying to save some space on the screen, and don't want a launcher constantly on the screen. As a last word, I would even dare to say that it provides an interesting alternative to the awesome Gnome-Do.
|
||||
|
||||
What do you think? Do you believe in eye candy at all? Or is Gnome-Pie out of the question since the new Gnome shell entered the competition? Please let us know in the comments.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/launch-applications-differently-gnome-pie-linux-desktop.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/gnome-pie/
|
||||
[2]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14247093043/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
|
||||
Translating by GOLinux ...
|
||||
|
||||
How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
A typical network/system admin is responsible for managing one or more subnets within the network under control. For example, when a LAN segment is assigned a /24 subnet, a total of 254 IP addresses can be used for different purposes. To keep track of what IP addresses are assigned to which hosts, some sort of documentation is needed. The easiest way to do it would be maintaining a single spreadsheet which documents IP address allocation information. This works like a charm for a small network with only one admin. However, relying on a spreadsheet is not convenient and can be error-prone with multiple large networks. Worse, if there are multiple admins involved, updating the spreadsheet could be tricky as each admin could often end up with different versions of the document.
|
||||
|
||||
One way to manage IP address allocations more systematically is using a web based IP address management tool. Not only can the web based tool be accessed from anywhere, but a backend database also ensures that all updates to the database are properly synchronized and applied in real time. While there are many web applications available, we will be focusing on setting up [phpIPAM][1] (IP Address Manager) in this tutorial. phpIPAM is an open source, efficient IP address management application with the following features.
|
||||
|
||||
- Support for both IPv4 and IPv6 (unlike many other tools, IPv6 support is very good)
|
||||
- Built in IPv4 and IPv6 calculator
|
||||
- Supports CIDR notations
|
||||
- MySQL support
|
||||
- Nested subnets
|
||||
- User/group based permissions
|
||||
- Visual reporting tool
|
||||
- Import/export using .xls files
|
||||
- Device, VRF, and VLAN support
|
||||
- Powerful search engine
|
||||
- Email notifications
|
||||
- Supports AD/LDAP based authentication
|
||||
|
||||
The demo site for phpIPAM is available at [http://demo.phpipam.net][2].
|
||||
|
||||
In this tutorial, we will be **setting up phpIPAM along with Apache web server in the Ubuntu environment**.
|
||||
|
||||
### Installing phpIPAM on Ubuntu ###
|
||||
|
||||
First of all, install required packages using apt-get.
|
||||
|
||||
# apt-get install apache2 mysql-server php5 php5-gmp php-pear php5-mysql php5-ldap wget
|
||||
|
||||
If MySQL has been installed for the first time, please set the root password using the following command.
|
||||
|
||||
# mysqladmin -u root password NEWPASSWORD
|
||||
|
||||
phpIPAM can be set up with any web server directory. We will set it up in the /phpipam/ sub directory under the root directory of Apache web server.
|
||||
|
||||
Download phpIPAM package.
|
||||
|
||||
# wget http://kent.dl.sourceforge.net/project/phpipam/phpipam-1.0.tar
|
||||
|
||||
Extract the package into the web server directory.
|
||||
|
||||
# cp phpipam-1.0.tar /var/www/
|
||||
# cp /var/www/
|
||||
# tar xvf phpipam-1.0.tar
|
||||
# rm phpipam-1.0.tar
|
||||
|
||||
Now, specify the MySQL username and password, as well as its base directory.
|
||||
|
||||
# vim /var/www/phpipam/config.php
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
$db['host'] = "localhost";
|
||||
|
||||
## MySQL user for ipam ##
|
||||
$db['user'] = "phpipam";
|
||||
|
||||
## password for the MySQL user ##
|
||||
$db['pass'] = "phpipamadmin";
|
||||
|
||||
## database for MySQL ##
|
||||
$db['name'] = "phpipam";
|
||||
|
||||
## base directory ##
|
||||
define('BASE', "/phpipam/");
|
||||
|
||||
The base directory needs to be defined in the provided .htaccess file.
|
||||
|
||||
# vim /var/www/phpipam/.htaccess
|
||||
|
||||
> RewriteBase /phpipam/
|
||||
|
||||
### Preparing Apache Web Server ###
|
||||
|
||||
phpIPAM needs the rewrite module for operation. The module can be enabled in an Ubuntu or Debian machine using a2enmod command as follows.
|
||||
|
||||
# a2enmod rewrite
|
||||
|
||||
Next, Apache's default configuration needs to be changed as well. Please add/modify your configuration to look like the one below.
|
||||
|
||||
# vim /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
<Directory /var/www/>
|
||||
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
|
||||
AllowOverride all
|
||||
Order allow,deny
|
||||
allow from all
|
||||
</Directory>
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, restart Apache web service.
|
||||
|
||||
# service apache2 restart
|
||||
|
||||
### Finalizing Installation ###
|
||||
|
||||
We can finalize the installation of phpIPAM by using the web browser. Pointing the browser to the URL: http://<serverIP>/phpIPAM will show the following phpIPAM installation page. We can proceed to automatic database installation.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Now phpIPAM should be up and running. We can login using the following default credentials.
|
||||
|
||||
- **URL**: http://<serverIP>/phpipam
|
||||
- **User**: Admin
|
||||
- **Pass**: ipamadmin
|
||||
|
||||
### Manage IP Addresses with phpIPAM ###
|
||||
|
||||
In the rest of the tutorial, we will walk you through how to manage subnets and IP addresses with phpIPAM.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Creating a section ####
|
||||
|
||||
Let us start by adding a section for our network. Click on Administration > Sections.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Click on "Add Section". Now we can name our section as we want it to be displayed. Fill in the details of the section.
|
||||
|
||||
[][3]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Creating a subnet ####
|
||||
|
||||
Next, we add a new subnet 172.16.1.0/24 under the section 'Our Network'. Click on Our Network > Add Subnet
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Now we can easily add IP addresses in the subnet. One method of adding IP addresses is to add them one by one. phpIPAM provides an alternative method to scan all the hosts and add them automatically without much hassle. It can scan the local subnet located in the same broadcast domain, as well as remote subnets reachable through routing. After selecting a subnet, click on 'scan subnet for new hosts' to scan IP addresses as shown below.
|
||||
|
||||
[][4]
|
||||
|
||||
After the scan is performed, the discovered IP addresses can be added into the database by clicking the 'Add discovered hosts' button at the bottom.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Creating an IPv6 subnet ####
|
||||
|
||||
IPv6 subnets can also be created in a similar process. We specify the IPv6 network as showed in the screenshot.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
All the tools available for IPv4 can be used for IPv6 as well.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Creating a nested subnet ####
|
||||
|
||||
phpIPAM also provides the option of creating nested subnets for both IPv4 and IPv6. For example, we will be dividing our IP block 172.16.1.0/24 into 4 smaller subnets (/26), each for a specific department within the organization. After selecting the /24 subnet, we can create a nested subnet using the 'Add a new nested subnet' button. The screenshot below shows the icon for adding a nested subnet.
|
||||
|
||||
[][5]
|
||||
|
||||
After all the subnets have been created, we should have similar output. Following is a nested subnet preview window.
|
||||
|
||||
[][6]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Adding users and groups ####
|
||||
|
||||
First, we will create a group with READ/WRITE permission to the section 'Our network'. This can be done by selecting Administration > Groups > Create Group.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Now that the group has been created, we modify section permission by selecting Administration > Sections, and then editing the section.
|
||||
|
||||
[][7]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
We will create a user named 'user1'. We will add the user to the group 'Demonstration group' so that it inherits all necessary permissions from the group. We start by clicking on Administration > Users > Create user.
|
||||
|
||||
[][8]
|
||||
|
||||
Now we can log in as this user and add/modify IP addresses under the section 'Our network'.
|
||||
|
||||
To sum up, phpIPAM is a versatile IP address management tool that can be used for both IPv4 and IPv6. This tutorial focused on the basics that can help you get started. Be sure to test with all the available features like using IP address calculator, adding devices, VLANs and VRFs, and import/export using xls.
|
||||
|
||||
Hope this helps.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/manage-ip-addresses-subnets-phpipam.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://phpipam.net/
|
||||
[2]:http://demo.phpipam.net/
|
||||
[3]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14030287410/
|
||||
[4]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14193740006/
|
||||
[5]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14030318447/
|
||||
[6]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14216904305/
|
||||
[7]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14193739966/
|
||||
[8]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14214506012/
|
||||
@ -1,187 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Translating by GOLinux ...
|
||||
|
||||
How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Sometimes we, as a normal user or a system admin, need to know how well our system is running. Many questions related to system status can be answered by checking log files generated by active services. However, inspecting every bit of log files is not easy even for seasoned system admins. That is why they rely on monitoring software which is capable of gathering information from different sources, and reporting analysis result in easy to understand formats, such as graphs, visualization, statistics, etc.
|
||||
|
||||
There are many sophisticated monitoring system software such as [Cacti][1], [Nagios][2], Zabbix, Munin, etc. In this article, we pick a lightweight monitoring tool called Monitorix, which is designed to monitor system resources and many well-known third-party applications on Linux/BSD servers. Optimized to run on resource-limited embedded systems, Monitorix boasts of simplicity and small memory footprint. It comes with a built-in HTTP server for web-based interface, and stores time series statistics with RRDtool which is easy to combine with any scripting language such as Perl, Python, shell script, Ruby, etc.
|
||||
|
||||
### Main Features ###
|
||||
|
||||
Here is a list of Monitorix's main features. For a complete list, refer to the [official site][3].
|
||||
|
||||
- System load and system service demand
|
||||
- CPU/GPU temperature sensors
|
||||
- Disk temperature and health
|
||||
- Network/port traffic and netstat statistics
|
||||
- Mail statistics
|
||||
- Web server statistics (Apache, Nginx, Lighttpd)
|
||||
- MySQL load and statistics
|
||||
- Squid proxy statistics
|
||||
- NFS server/client statistics
|
||||
- Raspberry Pi sensor statistics
|
||||
- Memcached statistics
|
||||
|
||||
### Install and Configure Monitorix on Fedora, CentOS or RHEL ###
|
||||
|
||||
First, install required packages as follows. Note that on CentOS, you need to set up [EPEL][4] and [Repoforge][5] repositories first.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo yum install rrdtool rrdtool-perl perl-libwww-perl perl-MailTools perl-MIME-Lite perl-CGI perl-DBI perl-XML-Simple perl-Config-General perl-HTTP-Server-Simple perl-IO-Socket-SSL
|
||||
|
||||
After this, Monitorix can be installed with this command:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo yum install monitorix
|
||||
|
||||
To configure Monitorix, open the configuration file in /etc/monitorix/monitorix.conf, and change the options. The details on Monitorix configuration file can be found at [http://www.monitorix.org/documentation.html][6]
|
||||
|
||||
By default, the built-in HTTP server listens on port 8080. Thus, make sure that your firewall does not block TCP port 8080.
|
||||
|
||||
To start Monitorix, simply type the following.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo service monitorix start
|
||||
|
||||
Start your favorite web browser, and then go to http://<host-ip-address>:8080/monitorix to access Monitorix's web interface.
|
||||
|
||||
### Install and Configure Monitorix on Archlinux ###
|
||||
|
||||
On Archlinux, the Monitorix package can be downloaded from [AUR][7].
|
||||
|
||||
By default, the built-in HTTP server is disabled on Archlinux. To enable built-in HTTP server, edit <httpd_builtin> section in /etc/monitorix.conf as follows.
|
||||
|
||||
<httpd_builtin>
|
||||
enabled = y
|
||||
host =
|
||||
port = 8080
|
||||
user = nobody
|
||||
group = nobody
|
||||
log_file = /var/log/monitorix-httpd
|
||||
hosts_deny =
|
||||
hosts_allow =
|
||||
<auth>
|
||||
enabled = n
|
||||
msg = Monitorix: Restricted access
|
||||
htpasswd = /var/lib/monitorix/htpasswd
|
||||
</auth>
|
||||
</httpd_builtin>
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, start Monitorix service.
|
||||
|
||||
Open your favorite web browser, and go to http://<host-ip-address>:8080/monitorix to access Monitorix.
|
||||
|
||||
### Install and Configure Monitorix on Debian and Ubuntu ###
|
||||
|
||||
For Debian family, Monitorix can be installed in two ways: manually or through a third party repository.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Manual installation (for Debian) ####
|
||||
|
||||
Install all dependent packages first.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install rrdtool perl libwww-perl libmailtools-perl libmime-lite-perl librrds-perl libdbi-perl libxml-simple-perl libhttp-server-simple-perl libconfig-general-perl libio-socket-ssl-perl
|
||||
|
||||
Download Monitorix package from [http://www.monitorix.org/downloads.html][8], and install it.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo dpkg -i monitorix*.deb
|
||||
|
||||
During installation, you might be asked to configure a backend web server. If you using Apache, make sure to reload Apache configuration by restarting Apache service.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo service apache2 reload
|
||||
|
||||
#### nstallation through repositories (for Ubuntu) ####
|
||||
|
||||
Enable Izzysoft repository by appending the following line in /etc/apt/source.list.
|
||||
|
||||
deb http://apt.izzysoft.de/ubuntu generic universe
|
||||
|
||||
Download and add a GPG key for the repository.
|
||||
|
||||
$ wget http://apt.izzysoft.de/izzysoft.asc
|
||||
$ sudo apt-key add izzysoft.asc
|
||||
|
||||
Install Monitorix with apt-get. All its dependent packages will automatically be installed as well.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get update
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install monitorix
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, start Monitorix service.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo service monitorix start
|
||||
|
||||
To configure Monitorix, edit /etc/monitorix/monitorix.conf with a text editor, and restart Monitorix service.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo service monitorix restart
|
||||
|
||||
The built-in web server of Monitorix for Ubuntu is enabled by default. To access web-based monitoring result, go to http://<host-ip-address>8080/monitorix on your favorite web browser.
|
||||
|
||||
### Install and Configure Monitorix on Raspberry Pi ###
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to install Monitorix on Raspberry Pi (which is Debian-based), you cannot use the Izzysoft repository mentioned above because it does not provide an ARM port of Monitorix. Instead, follow Debian-based manual installation as follows.
|
||||
|
||||
First, install required packages.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install rrdtool perl libwww-perl libmailtools-perl libmime-lite-perl librrds-perl libdbi-perl libxml-simple-perl libhttp-server-simple-perl libconfig-general-perl libio-socket-ssl-perl
|
||||
|
||||
If some of the required packages are not be installed, we need to force install with this command.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get -f install
|
||||
|
||||
Download Monitorix package (monitorix_x.x.x-izzy1_all.deb) from [http://www.monitorix.org/downloads.html][9].
|
||||
|
||||
Install Monitorix package with the command below.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo dpkg -i monitorix_x.x.x-izzy1_all.deb
|
||||
|
||||
After installation is finished, we need to change a small thing in Monitorix configuration as follows.
|
||||
|
||||
Open /etc/monitorix/monitorix.conf with your favorite text editor. Scroll down until you find <graphs enable>. Search for "raspberrypi = n", and replace 'n' with 'y'. This will enable monitoring of Raspberry Pi clock frequency, temperatures and voltages.
|
||||
|
||||
After editing is done, restart Monitorix service.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo service monitorix restart
|
||||
|
||||
By default, Monitorix's built-in HTTP web server is enabled. To access Monitorix's web interface, go to http://<raspberrypi-ip-address>:8080/monitorix
|
||||
|
||||
### Monitorix Screenshots (on Raspberry Pi) ###
|
||||
|
||||
Monitorix home screen:
|
||||
|
||||
[][10]
|
||||
|
||||
System load average and usage in graph option:
|
||||
|
||||
[][11]
|
||||
|
||||
Active process graph option:
|
||||
|
||||
[][12]
|
||||
|
||||
Choose "Clock Frequency" under "Raspberry Pi" section in the home screen, and you will see clock frequency, temperature, and voltage graphs for [Raspberry Pi][13].
|
||||
|
||||
[][14]
|
||||
|
||||
All monitoring graphs:
|
||||
|
||||
[][15]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/web-based-lightweight-system-monitor-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/11/install-configure-cacti-linux.html
|
||||
[2]:http://xmodulo.com/tag/nagios
|
||||
[3]:http://www.monitorix.org/features.html
|
||||
[4]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/03/how-to-set-up-epel-repository-on-centos.html
|
||||
[5]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/01/how-to-set-up-rpmforge-repoforge-repository-on-centos.html
|
||||
[6]:http://www.monitorix.org/documentation.html
|
||||
[7]:http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=33911
|
||||
[8]:http://www.monitorix.org/downloads.html
|
||||
[9]:http://www.monitorix.org/downloads.html
|
||||
[10]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14215953893/
|
||||
[11]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14009175290/
|
||||
[12]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14195746084/
|
||||
[13]:http://xmodulo.com/go/raspberrypi
|
||||
[14]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14009143189/
|
||||
[15]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14192525721/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
|
||||
How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Your server appearing pretty slow could be many things from wrong configs, scripts and dodgy hardware – but sometimes it could be because someone is flooding your server with traffic known as DoS ( Denial of Service ) or DDoS ( Distributed Denial of Service ).
|
||||
|
||||
Denial-of-service attack (DoS attack) or Distributed Denial-of-service attack (DDoS attack) is an attempt to make a machine or [network][1] resource unavailable to its intended users. This attack generally target sites or services hosted on high-profile web servers such as banks, credit card payment gateways, and even root nameservers. DoS attacks are implemented by either forcing the targeted computer to reset, or consuming its resources so that it can no longer provide its services or obstructs the communication media between the users and the victim so that they can no longer communicate adequately.
|
||||
|
||||
In this small article you’ll see how to check if your server is under attack from the Linux [Terminal][2] with the netstat command
|
||||
|
||||
From the man page of netstat “netstat – Print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships”
|
||||
|
||||
### Some examples with explanation ###
|
||||
|
||||
netstat -na
|
||||
|
||||
This display all active Internet connections to the server and only established connections are included.
|
||||
|
||||
netstat -an | grep :80 | sort
|
||||
|
||||
Show only active Internet connections to the server on port 80, this is the http port and so it’s useful if you have a web server, and sort the results. Useful in detecting a single flood by allowing you to recognize many connections coming from one IP.
|
||||
|
||||
netstat -n -p|grep SYN_REC | wc -l
|
||||
|
||||
This command is useful to find out how many active SYNC_REC are occurring on the server. The number should be pretty low, preferably less than 5. On DoS attack incidents or mail bombs, the number can jump to pretty high. However, the value always depends on system, so a high value may be average on another server.
|
||||
|
||||
netstat -n -p | grep SYN_REC | sort -u
|
||||
|
||||
List out the all IP addresses involved instead of just count.
|
||||
|
||||
netstat -n -p | grep SYN_REC | awk '{print $5}' | awk -F: '{print $1}'
|
||||
|
||||
List all the unique IP addresses of the node that are sending SYN_REC connection status.
|
||||
|
||||
netstat -ntu | awk '{print $5}' | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -n
|
||||
|
||||
Use netstat command to calculate and count the number of connections each IP address makes to the server.
|
||||
|
||||
netstat -anp |grep 'tcp|udp' | awk '{print $5}' | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -n
|
||||
|
||||
List count of number of connections the IPs are connected to the server using TCP or UDP protocol.
|
||||
|
||||
netstat -ntu | grep ESTAB | awk '{print $5}' | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr
|
||||
|
||||
Check on ESTABLISHED connections instead of all connections, and displays the connections count for each IP.
|
||||
|
||||
netstat -plan|grep :80|awk {'print $5'}|cut -d: -f 1|sort|uniq -c|sort -nk 1
|
||||
|
||||
Show and list IP address and its connection count that connect to port 80 on the server. Port 80 is used mainly by HTTP web page request.
|
||||
|
||||
### How to mitigate a DOS attack ###
|
||||
|
||||
Once that you have found the IP that are attacking your server you can use the following commands to block their connection to your server:
|
||||
|
||||
iptables -A INPUT 1 -s $IPADRESS -j DROP/REJECT
|
||||
|
||||
Please note that you have to replace $IPADRESS with the IP numbers that you have found with netstat.
|
||||
After firing the above command, KILL all httpd connections to clean your system and than restart httpd service by
|
||||
using the following commands:
|
||||
|
||||
killall -KILL httpd
|
||||
|
||||
service httpd start #For Red Hat systems
|
||||
/etc/init/d/apache2 restart #For Debian systems
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linuxaria.com/howto/how-to-verify-ddos-attack-with-netstat-command-on-linux-terminal
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://linuxaria.com/tag/network
|
||||
[2]:http://linuxaria.com/tag/shell
|
||||
@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
[SoundCloud][1] is a great platform to discover alternate or indi music. If you are a fan of SoundCloud, you may want to try it as a ‘desktop app’ for Ubuntu 14.04, earlier versions and other Linux distributions such as Linux Mint, Elementary OS etc.
|
||||
|
||||
To **install SoundCloud in Ubuntu 14.04**, we shall use the same trick which we used to [install Google Keep in Ubuntu][2]. We used Google Chrome to install Google Keep and this time we’ll use Firefox to install SoundCloud.
|
||||
|
||||
### Install SoundCloud in Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint: ###
|
||||
|
||||
Since Ubuntu (and most other Linux distributions) come pre-installed with Ubuntu, just open Firefox and go to the following address: [https://marketplace.firefox.com/][3]
|
||||
|
||||
Firefox Marketplace is Firefox alternative of Chrome store and provides several apps meant for Firefox smartphone OS, as well as Firefox web browser. Search for SoundCloud in Firefox Marketplace. Click on install to install it and add is as a web app in Ubuntu.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Once it’s done, you can start the SoundCloud desktop app by searching for it in Unity Dash. Here is how the app looks like in Ubuntu 14.04 Unity:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Uninstall SoundCloud app installed from Firefox Marketplace ###
|
||||
|
||||
Don’t be over excited. This desktop doesn’t have sound menu integration and I cannot say the same about desktop notification but it is still better than the web one, at least I think so. But if you are disappointed with it and uninstall it, it’s very easy to do so in Ubuntu.
|
||||
|
||||
Run SoundCloud, **right click** on its icon in Unity Launcher and click **unintsall app**.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
I am not much of a SoundCloud fan. I prefer [installing Spotify in Ubuntu][4] over any other streaming music app. What about you?
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/install-soundcloud-ubuntu-1404/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:https://soundcloud.com/
|
||||
[2]:http://itsfoss.com/install-google-keep-ubuntu-1310/
|
||||
[3]:https://marketplace.firefox.com/
|
||||
[4]:http://itsfoss.com/install-spotify-ubuntu-1404/
|
||||
120
sources/tech/Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md
Normal file
120
sources/tech/Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
|
||||
Linux Terminal: Dstat monitoring tools
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Dstat is a versatile replacement for vmstat, iostat, netstat and ifstat. Dstat overcomes some of their limitations and adds some extra features, more counters and flexibility. Dstat is handy for monitoring systems during performance tuning tests, benchmarks or troubleshooting.
|
||||
|
||||
Dstat allows you to view all of your system resources in real-time, you can eg. compare disk utilization in combination with interrupts from your IDE controller, or compare the [network bandwidth][1] numbers directly with the disk throughput (in the same interval).
|
||||
|
||||
Dstat gives you detailed selective information in columns and clearly indicates in what magnitude and unit the output is displayed. Less confusion, less mistakes. And most importantly, it makes it very easy to write plugins to collect your own counters and extend in ways you never expected.
|
||||
|
||||
Dstat’s output by default is designed for being interpreted by humans in real-time, however you can export details to CSV output to a file to be imported later into Gnumeric or Excel to generate graphs.
|
||||
|
||||
### Features ###
|
||||
|
||||
- Combines vmstat, iostat, ifstat, netstat information and more
|
||||
- Shows stats in exactly the same timeframe
|
||||
- Enable/order counters as they make most sense during analysis/troubleshooting
|
||||
- Modular design
|
||||
- Written in python so easily extendable for the task at hand
|
||||
- Easy to extend, add your own counters (please contribute those)
|
||||
- Includes many external plugins to show how easy it is to add counters
|
||||
- Can summarize grouped block/network devices and give total numbers
|
||||
- Can show interrupts per device
|
||||
- Very accurate timeframes, no timeshifts when system is stressed
|
||||
- Shows exact units and limits conversion mistakes
|
||||
- Indicate different units with different colors
|
||||
- Show intermediate results when delay > 1
|
||||
- Allows to export CSV output, which can be imported in Gnumeric and Excel to make graphs
|
||||
|
||||
### Installation ###
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu/Mint and Debian:
|
||||
The package it’s available on the repository, so you can easily install it with the command:
|
||||
|
||||
# sudo apt-get install dstat
|
||||
|
||||
RHEL/Centos and Fedora:
|
||||
|
||||
The package it’s available in the rpmforge repository, so you can add it, see [this guide][2], and after that install it easily with the command:
|
||||
|
||||
# yum install dstat
|
||||
|
||||
ArchLinux:
|
||||
The package it’s available in the community repository, so it can be easily installed with the command:
|
||||
|
||||
# pacman -S dstat
|
||||
|
||||
### Usage ###
|
||||
|
||||
The basic usage of dstat it’s just the command dstat that produces an output like this one:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The default will show you these information:
|
||||
|
||||
**CPU stats**: What percentage of the CPU is in use. The more interesting sections of this report are user, system, and idle, which should break down most of the current CPU use. If you see high CPU use in the “wait” column there might be a problem elsewhere in the system. When a cpu “waits” it’s because it’s expecting a response from an I/O device (like memory, disk, or network) and hasn’t received it yet.
|
||||
|
||||
**Disk stats**: Read and write activity to disks, this is the total for all of your disks.
|
||||
|
||||
**Net stats**: Data sent and received on network devices, this is the total of all of your network devices.
|
||||
|
||||
**Paging stats**: Paging activity on the system. Paging refers to a memory management technique used behind the scenes on your system. A high level of paging can indicate that the system is using a lot of swap space, or it could mean that memory is very fragmented, in general you want to see 0 0 for pages/in page/out.
|
||||
|
||||
**System stats**: This shows interrupts (int) and context switches (csw). These stats are usually only useful if you have a baseline to compare them to. Higher stats in these columns usually indicate a large number of processes jostling for the CPU’s attention. Since your server is likely running many processes by default, there will always be some numbers there.
|
||||
|
||||
By default dstat reports new figures every second. To quit dstat you can use “control-C”.
|
||||
Note that the first line of the report is typically going to show nothing for all stats.
|
||||
That’s because dstat operates by summarizing what it saw since its last report. When it first runs there’s no data to average or sum.
|
||||
|
||||
It’s possible to control the delay between reports and the number of reports dstat will output in a run by passing 2 options. As example if you want dstat to run with default stats, wait 3 seconds between reports, and only report 10 results, you could run:
|
||||
|
||||
dstat 3 10
|
||||
|
||||
In dstat there are a lot of options, you can see all with the command man dstat, some of the most useful parameters are:
|
||||
|
||||
- -l = shows load statistics
|
||||
- -m = shows the memory usage (used, buffer, cache, free)
|
||||
- -r = displays I/O statistics,
|
||||
- -s = shows the swap usage
|
||||
- -t = puts the current time in the first column
|
||||
- –fs = displays file system stats (includes amount of files and used inodes)
|
||||
- –nocolor = sometimes very useful…
|
||||
- –socket = shows interesting network statistics
|
||||
- –tcp = displays common TCP stats
|
||||
- –udp = shows you the listen and active figures for the UDP usage
|
||||
|
||||
And that’s not all, dstat ships with a number of **plugins** that extend its capabilities greatly. It’s possible to check the directory /usr/share/dstat in order to view a list of them. Some of the most useful are:
|
||||
|
||||
- –disk-util = shows how much the disks are busy at the moment
|
||||
- –freespace = shows the current disk usage
|
||||
- –proc-count = displays the number of running processes
|
||||
- –top-bio = points to the most expensive block I/O process
|
||||
- –top-cpu = draws the attention on the most expensive CPU process
|
||||
- –top-io = shows the most expensive “normal” I/O process
|
||||
- –top-mem = displays the process using the most memory
|
||||
|
||||
Some examples:
|
||||
|
||||
To see who is eating all the memory:
|
||||
|
||||
dstat -g -l -m -s --top-mem
|
||||
|
||||
To shows some stats about the CPU resource consumption:
|
||||
|
||||
dstat -c -y -l --proc-count --top-cpu
|
||||
|
||||
#### How to send to a csv file ####
|
||||
|
||||
To send the output to a csv file for later use we can issue the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
# dstat –output /tmp/sampleoutput.csv -cdn
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linuxaria.com/howto/linux-terminal-dstat-monitoring-tools
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://linuxaria.com/tag/network
|
||||
[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/install-and-enable-rpmforge-repository-in-rhel-centos-6-5-4/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
通过 Ubuntu AIO DVD 将 Ubuntu 14.04 的所有版本刻录到一张光盘
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Ubuntu 有基于不同桌面环境的几个官方版本。默认的 Ubuntu 自带 Unity 桌面，Kubuntu 则是[KDE] [1]，Lubuntu 用[LXDE] [2]，Xubuntu 自带[Xfce] [3]。除此之外，还有一些其它的版本，但这些是最流行的官方桌面版本。
|
||||
|
||||
你该如何选择最适合你的 Ubuntu？一种方法是下载 Ubuntu 不同版本的 ISO 镜像并且[通过Live CD或者USB实时运行] [4]。但是，这将意味着你将会下载多个 ISO 文件，一个个地写入 USB 盘或者 Live CD。有点麻烦，是吧？
|
||||
|
||||
这就是[Ubuntu AIO(ALL IN ONE)][5]出现的原因。该项目是由[Start Ubuntu] [6]小组部分成员发起的，Ubuntu 的 AIO DVD 可以让你在一张光盘或者一个U盘中尝试 Ubuntu Unity，Lubuntu，Xubuntu，Kubuntu 和 Ubuntu Gnome 等不同版本。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
当然 Ubuntu AIO 也有一些缺点。首先它体积太大了，有将近4.7GB。所以，它不适合于标准的4GB U盘。而且它只有两个版本，第一个是64位版本，包括有 Ubuntu，Kubuntu 和 Ubuntu Gnome，另外一个，则包含有32位版本的 Xubuntu 和 Lubuntu。尽管有缺点，这是一个不错的项目，可以帮助我们选择恰当的 Ubuntu 版本。
|
||||
|
||||
下载 Ubuntu AIO DVD
|
||||
|
||||
- [Sourceforge][7]
|
||||
- [Softpedia][8]
|
||||
|
||||
点[此][9]了解更多。
|
||||
|
||||
享受 Ubuntu 吧！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-aio-dvd-puts-ubuntu-1404-flavors-disk/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[MikeCoder](https://github.com/MikeCoder) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.kde.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://lxde.org/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.xfce.org/
|
||||
[4]:http://itsfoss.com/create-live-usb-of-ubuntu-in-windows/
|
||||
[5]:http://ubuntuaio.wordpress.com/about-us/
|
||||
[6]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/StartUbuntu
|
||||
[7]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/ubuntuaiodvd/
|
||||
[8]:http://linux.softpedia.com/get/Linux-Distributions/Ubuntu-AIO-DVD-103429.shtml
|
||||
[9]:http://ubuntuaio.wordpress.com/about-us/
|
||||
@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Ubuntu现在运行在世界最快超级计算机上Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Canonical公司创建了最常用的Linux桌面发行版，它也成为最成功的服务器操作系统之一。事实上，Ubuntu Server, Ubuntu Openstack 和 Ubuntu的编制工具Juju,正在运行在世界上最强的超级计算机上。**
|
||||
|
||||
现在，世界上最强大的计算机是天河二号，它在中国的广东省。根据它的制造者了解到，这个服务器使用Intel Xeon处理器、Intel Xeon Phi协同处理器，它有160Gb每秒的传输速度用于两个节点之间超高速传输。从2013年以来它一直保持着记录。
|
||||
|
||||
“Ubuntu OpenStack运行在256个高性能节点，而且在接下来的数月将会增长至超过6400个节点。这些节点将提供给广东政府部门和其他国防科技大学合作伙伴使用，用于分析、人口普查和电子政务应用程序。”
|
||||
|
||||
“OpenStack和Ubuntu的编制工具Juju将运行在天河二号上，使国防科技大学的合作伙伴和联盟机构能够快速部署和管理高性能云环境”官方的[通告][1]中这样写。
|
||||
|
||||
Canonical公司正在推动中国市场而且公司已经试图用Ubuntu Kylin覆盖桌面生态系统，这是一个很好的时机，与此同时微软宣布Windows XP生命的终结。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-Is-Now-Running-on-World-s-Fastest-Supercomputer-442733.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:https://insights.ubuntu.com/2014/05/14/nudt-and-canonical-bring-openstack-to-worlds-fastest-supercomputer/
|
||||
@ -1,138 +0,0 @@
|
||||
|
||||
5个指引提升你的树莓派项目
|
||||
|
||||
> 从SSH到端口转发，这些先进技术将使树莓派的发展轻松前进。
|
||||
当你命令行输入命令时，你将不再是一个新手在做一些陌生的设置了。虽然进度缓慢，但是你正在通过你的方式去学习使用这廉价的，信用卡尺寸的大计算机去满足一些DIY想法，这就是树莓派。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
> 然而，在基础和中间的东西之间还是存在较大差距。当你从“设置你的派”的教程例如“创建一个媒体服务器”，前期项目的需求就变得有点冒险了。许多中级的Pi教程，包括其中的一些读写操作，例如一些关于树莓派的安装设置。 并非每一个项目都需要教程里的所有建议，但是知道这些步骤可以使项目更顺利地贴合需求。当你准备超越基础知识时，这里有一些关于树莓派的教程将提前为你准备。
|
||||
### 1) Using SSH ###
|
||||
使用SSH登录
|
||||
SSH代表Secure Shell，是一种加密网络协议，用于安全地传输你的计算机与树莓派之间的数据。项目中也许需要你通过计算机的命令行而不是直接通过链接显示器和键盘来实现。如今SSH已经提前安装在树莓派系统中，所以如果你安装的是最新版本或者接近最新版本的树莓派都是支持SSH使用的。
|
||||
如何使用SSH，第一，你需要知道你的派的IP地址，在你的派中输入一下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo ifconfig
|
||||
你的IP地址将会在第一段或者第三段显示，这主要看你的树莓派是通过线缆还是通过WIFI适配器连接网络的。如果是通过线缆连接，那请查看第一段，在“eth0”那行开始显示。如果是通过wifi链接，将在第三段“wlan0”开头的地方显示。
|
||||
无论通过哪种方式，你将会看到以“inet addr”开头后面跟着像192.168.2.2这样类型的IP地址，这是我们在这篇文章中经常引用到的一种默认IP地址格式。
|
||||
现在你有一个可以链接树莓派与你的电脑的IP地址了，如果你使用的是Mac，你已经建立了SSH链接，启动你的终端应用并输入：
|
||||
|
||||
ssh pi@192.168.2.2
|
||||
连接之后将会要求输入密码，默认情况下，密码一般是“respberry”.如果你修改了默认密码，请输入新的密码取而代之。这样，您将进入树莓派系统。
|
||||
如果你在一台PC，那这是一个多余的步骤。
|
||||
|
||||
下载并运行PuTTY或者另一种支持Windows系统的SSH客户端。输入你的IP地址在空格 中，如一下截图所示。将默认端口设置成22.点击enter，PuTTY将会提示你输入用户名和密码。填完之后，将可以开始在你的Pi里远程工作了。
|
||||
### 2) Remote Desktop Your Raspberry Pi ###
|
||||
使用远程桌面工具到你的树莓派
|
||||
|
||||
使用SSH去从命令行远程控制你的Pi是极好的，但是如果你想通过图形界面去管理你的Pi。幸运的是MAC和PC都已经建立了这种接口。
|
||||
在你的树莓派中的命令行（当然你也可以通过SSH来操作），输入：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install xrdp
|
||||
|
||||
Xdrp是一种在可以在后台运行的计算机守护进程，并可以在Mac和PC中支持微软远程桌面客户端。通过一旦在树莓派中安装了，你的MAC或者PC将可以通过客户端登录到Pi中。
|
||||
找到你电脑中一个叫远程桌面的客户端。它本身是不完全隐藏起来的，但不会隐藏在应用程序的文件夹中。
|
||||
|
||||
出现提示时输入你的IP地址。接下来会弹出xrdp窗口，提示你输入用户名和密码。
|
||||
如果进展顺利，你的树莓派桌面就会在你的窗口或者在电脑屏幕上显示。
|
||||
### 3) Static IP For Your Pi On The Home Network ###
|
||||
在您的同网段给树莓派设置静态IP地址
|
||||
我们发现如第一步所说很容易就可以管理树莓派，但是不能保证你的路由器会一直给你的树莓派分配一个永久固定的IP地址。这意味着在你网段中的计算机无法知道树莓派被分配了什么IP地址。那么如何来给树莓派分配静态的IP地址而不是每隔几天就在树莓派上执行“sudo ifconfig”命令，有时候情况糟糕，几个小时就更变了一次IP。
|
||||
可想而知，我们从“ifconfig”命令开始，所以输入：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo ifconfig
|
||||
拿出笔和纸做准备，记录下面的三个IP地址。（#后面的代码是注释，不会在显示.）：
|
||||
|
||||
inet addr: 192.168.2.2 # Pi's Current IP Address
|
||||
|
||||
Bcast: 192.168.0.255 # The Broadcast IP Range
|
||||
|
||||
Mask: 255.255.255.0 # Subnet Mask Address
|
||||
|
||||
此外，你还需要知道另外2个信息。请输入一下命令获取网关和目的地址。
|
||||
|
||||
netstat -nr
|
||||
|
||||
接下来，去查看你路由器上的配置。（如何进行这一步主要取决于你用什么路由器，所以还是查看下说明书吧）找出你的设备通过DHCP设置了哪段ip地址。有些地址是被禁止使用的，因为有些协议中已经使用了。所以要选择没有被使用过的，例如，192.168.2.2.你的路由器会保留一个未使用的IP地址分配给想树莓派这样的设备。（如果你的路由器是Belkin，那大概就是这样）
|
||||
|
||||
如果不是，你需要让树莓派知道它的新的ip地址。我们通过nano编辑器来编辑树莓派中相关的文件。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces
|
||||
|
||||
将“iface eth0 inet dhcp”这一段修改成“iface eth0 inet static”，也就是将动态获取IP修改成静态IP。
|
||||
|
||||
接下来输入如下，将下列X取代成你之前所复制的IP地址。最上面的地址是我们将要把DHCP中没有使用的IP地址分配作为树莓派的静态IP地址。
|
||||
|
||||
address 192.168.2.2
|
||||
|
||||
netmask XXX.XXX.XXX.X
|
||||
|
||||
network XXX.XXX.X.X
|
||||
|
||||
broadcast XXX.XXX.X.X
|
||||
|
||||
gateway XXX.XXX.X.X
|
||||
|
||||
使用“sudo reboot”的命令重启树莓派系统后再命令行在再输入“ifconfig”，我们刚刚新设置的静态IP设置就会呈现。
|
||||
|
||||
### 4) Forwarding Ports To Raspberry Pi ###
|
||||
端口转发至树莓派
|
||||
|
||||
一些Pi程序可能需要你转发一个特定的网络端口号到你的树莓派。端口是信息在互联网传送的虚拟路径。有时候你需要转发一个端口来使像树莓派的计算机可以访问互联网，即使绕过了路由器。这种情况有点像拨电话在网络上的延升。
|
||||
端口转发能够用于像树莓派网页服务器，树莓派的IP语音服务器或者简单的点对点下载。奖金65，000个端口可供选择，你可以分配不同的端口给不同的树莓派项目用来进行通信。
|
||||
默认情况下，某些端口代表着特定的应用。例如80端口默认为HTML页面，21端口默认代表文件传输协议，1194端口默认为设置VPN服务器。所以大多情况下，你需要选择一些没有被默认制定的端口号来设置。
|
||||
设置端口转发的方法完全取决于你的路由器，于是很难创建一个固定的关于设置端口转发教程。你只能阅读你路由器的说明书来定义端口和转发了。
|
||||
下面链接了几个主流路由器厂商的端口转发教程。
|
||||
|
||||
- [Belkin][10]
|
||||
- [Netgear][11]
|
||||
- [Linksys][12]
|
||||
|
||||
### 5) Static IP For Your Pi On The Internet ###
|
||||
在网络中给你的Pi设置静态IP
|
||||
再次声明，如果你的运营商给了你一个静态IP，你就不需要担心这个部分了。
|
||||
我们已经给树莓派设置了一个静态的内部IP地址，这意味着在你的内部网络中总是能够连到你的树莓派。但是如果程序需要树莓派连接到互联网呢？如果你想要在你的树莓派上搭建一个Web服务器，在你网络之外的人们需要知道你的Pi在哪里，这意味着我们要来设置一个像静态IP的公有IP地址。
|
||||
我之所以说“看起来像”是因为我们已经设置了一个伪静态IP地址。通常，你所在的运营商将会继续更变。所以每一次有人连接到你的树莓派时，将要重新写脚本时，都会发现得树莓派已经移动，我们需要重新更改新的IP地址。
|
||||
我们是可以通过DDNS（即动态DNS）,这可以保持一个名称服务器得到实时更新，相关程序和树莓派就通过DDNS保持相对应。
|
||||
首先需要注册一个动态的主机服务。根据指示并创建新的名称服务器类似Yourserver.dnsdynamic.com.
|
||||
接下来进入树莓派中的命令行根据下面命令来安装DDNS客户端：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install ddclient
|
||||
我们需要编辑DDNS客户端配置更改新的名称服务器：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo nano /etc/ddclient/ddclient.conf
|
||||
每种服务配置都会有略微的不同，但是DDNS网址会告诉你需要配置相关文件中的内容。一个标准的DDNS配置，将会举例，可以从中复制和粘贴。
|
||||
由于这个文件的存在，你所在的运营商将不会停止更新树莓派的IP地址，因此我们需要设置一个守护进程在脚本的最前面以确保检查IP地址是否已经更改。
|
||||
|
||||
daemon=600
|
||||
# check every 600 seconds
|
||||
这里设置的是每10分钟检查一次，这里只是一个练习。如果你设置成每秒钟检查一次，你的动态服务器应该不会接受，因为这样就像扔垃圾邮件到服务器。同事按下ctrl+x保存并退出配置文件。
|
||||
接下来，输入：
|
||||
ddclient
|
||||
只需要输入程序的名称就可以运行了。当你的树莓派开着的时候就会持续运行了。如果你重启树莓派，键入 “ddclient”就会重新开始运行了。
|
||||
现在你的树莓派已经被装修一番和准备了更高级的教程了，请从中获得更多乐趣吧！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://readwrite.com/2014/04/09/raspberry-pi-projects-ssh-remote-desktop-static-ip-tutorial#feed=/hack&awesm=~oB1b7zvteUQGOV
|
||||
|
||||
译者：disylee(https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://readwrite.com/2014/03/04/raspberry-pi-quantified-fish-acquarium#awesm=~oAWz5ZbkX6w7ZL
|
||||
[2]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Shell
|
||||
[3]:http://www.raspbian.org/
|
||||
[4]:https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruits-raspberry-pi-lesson-3-network-setup/finding-your-pis-ip-address
|
||||
[5]:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/
|
||||
[6]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daemon_(computing)
|
||||
[7]:https://www.modmypi.com/blog/tutorial-how-to-give-your-raspberry-pi-a-static-ip-address
|
||||
[8]:http://raspberrywebserver.com/serveradmin/get-your-raspberry-pi-web-site-on-line.html
|
||||
[9]:http://portforward.com/help/portforwarding.htm
|
||||
[10]:http://www.belkin.com/us/support-article?articleNum=10790
|
||||
[11]:http://kb.netgear.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/24046/~/how-do-i-configure-port-forwarding-on-routers-with-the-netgear-genie-interface%3F
|
||||
[12]:http://kb.linksys.com/Linksys/ukp.aspx?pid=80&vw=1&articleid=21470
|
||||
[13]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_DNS
|
||||
[14]:http://sourceforge.net/p/ddclient/wiki/Home/
|
||||
[15]:https://www.dnsdynamic.org/
|
||||
[16]:http://dnsdynamic.blog.com/2011/06/26/using-ddclient-with-dnsdynamic/
|
||||
[17]:http://readwrite.com/2014/01/21/raspberry-pi-great-projects#feed=/search?keyword=raspberry+pi&awesm=~oAWzuuuChYu9vm
|
||||
86
translated/tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md
Normal file
86
translated/tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
|
||||
Ubuntu 14.04最棒的图标主题
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
还在苦苦寻找方法来让你的Ubuntu 14.04更加漂亮吗？那就赶紧给你的系统换套图标吧！如果你还不知道有哪些很棒的图标主题，不用着急，我已经整理了一些适用于**Ubuntu 14.04的最棒的图标集**。不过在向你们介绍这些图标集之前，我还是先向你介绍一下如何应用图标主题吧。
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何在Ubuntu系统中应用新图标： ###
|
||||
|
||||
你可以通过两种方式来安装一个新的图标主题。一个是添加PPA源。你可以添加PPA软件源，然后安装某个图标集。但并不是所有的图标集可以通过该方法获得。所以，另一种方法就是，下载该图标集的压缩文件，然后将之解压到**~/.icons**文件夹。如果这个文件夹不存在的话，你可以使用下面的命令来新建：
|
||||
|
||||
mkdir ~/.icons
|
||||
|
||||
解压到以上路径的图标只对当前用户有效。如果你希望所有的用户都可以使用该图标主题，你应该将该图标解压到**/usr/share/icons**。
|
||||
|
||||
到此，你已经安装了该图标。这样的话，你就可以使用[Unity Tweak Tool][1]来应用该图标主题。你可以使用下面的命令来安装Unity Tweak Tool：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool
|
||||
|
||||
安装完毕后，打开该软件，点击**外观**选项下面的**图标**：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
现在，你可以选择你所喜欢的图标集啦。到此为止，我想你已经掌握了如何在Ubuntu中更换图标，下面我们一起来欣赏Ubuntu中最棒的图标主题吧。
|
||||
|
||||
### Ubuntu 14.04最棒的图标主题： ###
|
||||
|
||||
废话不多说，我们一起来欣赏一些Ubuntu Unity桌面可用的图标主题吧（可能也支持Gnome桌面环境，小编未在该桌面环境下测试）：
|
||||
|
||||
#### Moka: ####
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你可以使用下面的命令在Ubuntu以及相似的发行版中安装该图标主题：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:snwh/moka-icon-theme-daily
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get install moka-icon-theme moka-icon-theme-symbolic moka-icon-theme-extras
|
||||
|
||||
#### Numix: ####
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
上图中展示的是Numix 圆形图标主题。一些相似的图标主题和壁纸资源也是可以通过Numix PPA软件源获得的：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:numix/ppa
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get install numix-icon-theme numix-icon-theme-circle
|
||||
|
||||
#### Uniform: ####
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你可以通过下面的链接获取该图标主题：
|
||||
|
||||
- [下载Uniform icon theme][2]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Plateau: ####
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你可以通过下面的链接获取该图标主题：
|
||||
|
||||
- [下载Plateau icon theme][3]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Simple [只支持Gnome桌面环境]: ####
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你可以通过下面的链接获取该图标主题：
|
||||
|
||||
- [下载Simple icon theme for Gnome][4]
|
||||
|
||||
到此，这一次精美图标主题介绍就结束了，但这绝不意味着终止。之后我还会继续给大家介绍更多的精美图标主题。此外，如果你有很棒的图标主题，而且没有在我们这次的**图标主题介绍**中提到，一定记得分享给我们哦。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/best-icon-themes-ubuntu-1404/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[JonathanKang](https://github.com/JonathanKang) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://itsfoss.com/how-to-install-themes-in-ubuntu-13-10/
|
||||
[2]:http://0rax0.deviantart.com/art/Uniform-Icon-Theme-453054609
|
||||
[3]:http://malysss.deviantart.com/art/Plateau-0-2-391110900
|
||||
[4]:http://www.deviantart.com/art/Simple-icon-theme-426040287
|
||||
@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
|
||||
如何在Windows 8 & 8.1上禁用UEFI安全验证
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
现在，如果你买了预装Windows的电脑，一般都是Windows8或Windows8.1。从Windows8开始，微软用UEFI取代了BIOS。尽管UEFI不是微软发明的，在Windows8之前他就已经存在。比如某些Mac设备就已经使用UEFI有一段时间了。
|
||||
|
||||
UEFI有“安全启动”这个特点，引导程序只会启动那些得到UEFI固件签署的引导装载程序。此安全功能可以防止Rootkit类的恶意软件，并提供了额外的安全层。但它有一个缺点，如果你想在Linux的电脑上启动Windows8，安全机制将会制止他。因此，我们建议**禁用安全启动，来让Windows 8支持Linux的双系统启动**。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在Windows 8 & 8.1上禁用UEFI安全验证 ###
|
||||
|
||||
现在在关于安全启动，充斥着各种各样的杂音。由于这些传闻，有些人几乎认为在预装Windows8的电脑上启动到Linux是不可能的，虽然在ARM上这是真的。但是安全引导可以在基于Intel的系统上被禁用。老实说，**禁用UEFI安全启动**不是一个艰巨的任务，同样的双启动的Linux与Windows 8 也不是。
|
||||
|
||||
虽然在当年BIOS时，这是相当简单的，在启动的时候按F10或F12键即可。但是在UEFI的世界里，就不一样了。要访问UEFI设置，你就必须到Windows中去。让我们来看看如何访问UEFI设置禁用Windows8安全启动。
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 1: 进入PC设置 ####
|
||||
|
||||
点击 Windows+I 按钮进入Windows设置界面。在底部，你会看到更改电脑设置的选项。点击它。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 2: 进入高级启动 ####
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在Windows 8和Windows8.1上，PC设置有一个细微的差别。依照你使用的系统，你需要分别按照下面介绍的各个步骤进行操作：
|
||||
|
||||
Windows 8的：在Windows 8中，你需要进入一般的PC设置，并选择**高级启动**，然后点击**立即重新启动：**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Window 8.1**的：在Windows8.1，从左侧边栏点击**更新和恢复**：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
然后单击**立即重新启动**下的**高级启动**：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
不要担心！这之后也不会立刻重新启动，而是会提供一些选项，你将在下次开机看到的。
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 4: 进入UEFI设置 ####
|
||||
|
||||
当您单击立即重新启动按钮，你将会看到一些选项从下一屏幕选择。选择**疑难解答**这里：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在**疑难解答**菜单中，选择**高级选项**：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在高级选项菜单中，选择** UEFI固件设置**：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
接下来，在在UEFI设置里，点击**重新启动**按钮重新启动您的系统，就像之前在BIOS中做的一样。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 5: 在 UEFI 中禁用安全启动 ####
|
||||
|
||||
这个时候，你必须已经启动到UEFI工具。你可以在这里更改各种设置，但所有我们想要做的，就是禁用安全启动选项，允许的Ubuntu的双启动或任何其他的Linux。
|
||||
|
||||
移动到启动选项卡，在那里你会发现**安全引导**选项被设置为启用。使用箭头键进入安全引导选项，然后按**进入**来选择它。 *使用+或 - 来改变它的值。**确认提示时。按** F10键保存更改**并退出UEFI设置。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
接下来，您将到Windows正常开机。现在，你应该可以双启动的Windows8与Ubuntu或其他Linux操作系统。我会在未来的日子里写关于如何双启动的Ubuntu与Windows 8 UEFI。敬请关注。
|
||||
|
||||
我希望这个教程可以帮助你禁用Windows8和Windows8.1的安全引导。任何疑问或建议，随时欢迎。随时给意见。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/disable-uefi-secure-boot-in-windows-8/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[MikeCoder](https://github.com/MikeCoder) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
101
translated/tech/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md
Normal file
101
translated/tech/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
|
||||
Ubuntu 14.04下升级GNOME至3.12
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**如果您的系统最近已升级至Ubuntu GNOME 14.04 LTS版本，那么拥有稳定独立的GNOME Shell无疑是您最佳的选择**
|
||||
|
||||
但我认为你们中的保守用户宁愿倾向于选择默认向新手提供的稳定版本。你真想要了解如何在Ubuntu14.04升级GNOME至3.12吗？
|
||||
|
||||
### 好的，接下来我将向你介绍如何完成。首先，我们需要先探查一下来龙去脉 ###
|
||||
|
||||
GNOME 3.12在3月底发布后引发了一阵轰动而天马行空的评论。尽管上个月发布的版本在Ubuntu 14.04 LTS版本之前已经逐步趋于稳定，却仍不能从14.04包中直接安装，这是为什么呢?
|
||||
|
||||
简单来说在开发周期中它出现太晚以至于没有充足的时间来对它进行审查，测试并确保它已经更新至LTS命令发布支持的标准及用户期望。默认至旧版发布的3.10是有意义的，因为有专门的周期来确保测试遍历。
|
||||
|
||||
所以，正因为这样**不建议升级GNOME至3.12**。
|
||||
|
||||
这样清楚了吗？接下来，让我们进入下一个阶段。
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何在Ubuntu 14.04升级GNOME至3.12###
|
||||
|
||||
### 确保你正在运行的GNOME版本是3.10 ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
为确保正确遵循本向导，需要在最新版本的Ubuntu(14.04 LTS)或Ubuntu GNOME下继续操作.如果不是最新版本的话，请停止操作；你需要升级后再继续。如果不这样做，接下来将会有一系列复杂又麻烦的事情需要解决。
|
||||
|
||||
若你运行的是Ubuntu常规版本（例如统一版），那么需要在开始以下步骤前从Ubuntu软件中心获取GNOME 3.10。
|
||||
|
||||
按以下给出的链接选项准备好安装程序。
|
||||
|
||||
- [Ubuntu14.04LTS版本下安装GNOME3.10]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 增加GNOME 3.12 PPA ####
|
||||
|
||||
起初人们预想的是GNOME 3.12将会通过标准GNOME PPA团队，遵循可信版本发布实施。但3个星期过去了，这并未发生。这是因为向系统写入它时包含少量小的3.10包，并且这跟最新发布的版本没有任何关联。
|
||||
|
||||
然而，[GNOME团队PPA工作台][2]确实涵盖了升级用到的各种3.12版本包。开发者强调说，增加存档需要‘运行流畅’的桌面，但现在包含的包并未‘准备好为大众所使用’。
|
||||
|
||||
这儿假设您是一个PPA清理工具的行家，以上的一切都已明了，请继续向下。首先，让我们核对并安装已发布的更新：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
|
||||
|
||||
点击enter键后等待安装包程序。
|
||||
|
||||
一旦完成此过程或再没有任何挂起的更新，就可以增加GNOME 3团队PPA工作台了。为实现这项操作，打开新的命令行窗口输入以下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3-staging
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
|
||||
|
||||
升级过程开始前需要输入密码，同时需要注意此过程中命令行提示的信息。如果一切顺利点击‘y’键确认安装。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 附加内容 ####
|
||||
|
||||
为体验真实的GNOME环境也许你想获取一些新的GNOME应用，例如[偏振光IRC客户端、GNOME地图和GNOME网页浏览器][3]。安装这三个应用需要运行如下的命令：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install epiphany-browser gnome-maps polari -y
|
||||
|
||||
After everything has finished doing what it needs to, you’re safe to reboot!
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install epiphany-browser gnome-maps polari -y
|
||||
|
||||
After everything has finished doing what it needs to, you’re safe to reboot!
|
||||
|
||||
### 善后服务 ###
|
||||
|
||||
#### 登陆 ####
|
||||
|
||||
如果来自Unity,Xfce或别的桌面环境不要忘记登陆前从登陆页面选择GNOME会话窗口。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 回顾 ####
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
对我自己来说，Ubuntu 14.04下运行GNOME 3.12很流畅。升级后没有出现任何诸如性能下降的问题，尽管我确实见到过在打开活动窗口时的奇怪罕见的视觉故障，并且在一个应用下发生的间歇性阴影消失现象。但随着错误不断消除这些都不是大问题。
|
||||
|
||||
3.12版本的性能等同于GNOME3.10；应用的打开方式交互性强且体验并没有明显下降。
|
||||
|
||||
所有新的GNOME影音应用在PPA上并没有现成的包，这让人有点失望。当然有理由解释这点(很可能需要更新版本的流转化器)。此外仍要注意的是一些GNOME扩展包升级后不能继续工作。
|
||||
|
||||
当然3.12因为测试不足，其中存在错误不可避免。若用户要求稳定性（或者希望保持系统工作时的高度统一和完整），可以继续支持已通过测试的GNOME 3.10版本。
|
||||
|
||||
### 从GNOME 3.12 降至3.10版本 ###
|
||||
|
||||
但是如果想要体验闪闪亮的新功能及最新发布的GNOME应用，那就试一试PPA平台吧。如果遇到了错误可以随时使用PPA降级至稳定版本。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
|
||||
|
||||
sudo ppa-purge ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3-staging
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/upgrade-gnome-3-12-ubuntu-14-04
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/icybreaker) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:apt:gnome-shell
|
||||
[2]:https://launchpad.net/~gnome3-team/+archive/gnome3-staging?field.series_filter=trusty
|
||||
[3]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/03/top-12-features-gnome-3-12
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在Linux系统中，如何通过命令行变出二次元世界？
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
你是否从来都没有错过xkcd上的漫画连载？及时地阅读到网络漫画。或者你是否考虑过从你喜欢的网站上备份所有漫画连载？如你所愿，开源社区将为你提供解决方案：使用命令行程序从终端上下载所有你喜欢的漫画连载。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在我们开始之前，请记住一点，你下载的漫画连载仅供个人使用，在没有授权的情况下是不可以散播出去的。如果你确实喜欢该作者的作品，请支持通过捐赠或购买正版商品获得。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在Linux中安装Dosage
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
有一个下载漫画连载的开源程序叫dosage。由于该程序是用python写的，所以安装漫画连载工具的方式有几种。今天我们就从一种简单的方法开始吧。
|
||||
|
||||
第一步，你需要安装pip（用于安装和管理python包的工具），并确保你的python版本在2.7.0至3.3区间。接下来使用pip安装dosage。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo pip install dosage
|
||||
|
||||
如果pip不能以某种方式来找到相关包（例如Ubuntu14.04系统），可以使用下列命令来找到。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo pip install http://wummel.github.io/dosage/dist/dosage-2.13.tar.gz
|
||||
|
||||
dosage将会自动创建一个名为“Comics”新的文件夹。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Dosage的基本用法
|
||||
|
||||
dosage的基本用法可以被描述如下。使用dosage，你可以在数据库中找到你喜欢阅读的网络漫画，当最新一期的连载发布时，你可以几时获取最新一期。从某种意义来说，无论你在网络漫画中订阅多少连载，dosage都会确保一期不落地帮你把没有读过的漫画连载下载下来。
|
||||
|
||||
下载和阅读你的离线网络漫画，首先要用以下命令将它们列出：
|
||||
|
||||
$ dosage -l
|
||||
|
||||
马上，我们可以看到dosage将2000多套漫画从数据库列出。我个人建议用下面的这个命令来查找我们想要看的漫画：
|
||||
|
||||
$ dosage -l | grep [keyword]
|
||||
|
||||
这样就会返回所有包含关键字标题的漫画了。
|
||||
一旦你确定列表中哪一本漫画是你想要阅读的，使用一下命令订阅这本漫画：
|
||||
$ dosage [name of the webcomic]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
订阅漫画时会自动生成一个名为"Comics"的目录，并把最新的连载漫画下载到在里边。
|
||||
如果你不仅仅像下载最新连载的漫画而是整一部，那么你使用一下的命令就可以了：
|
||||
|
||||
$ dosage -a [name of the comic]
|
||||
|
||||
最后，如果你订阅了几本网络漫画，你可以使用下面这条简单的命令，方便地下载到这几本漫画的所有更新：
|
||||
|
||||
$ dosage @
|
||||
|
||||
如果你不想错过每天的漫画更新，你可以每天执行这条命令确保不会错过。
|
||||
|
||||
Dosage的高级用法
|
||||
|
||||
玩了一天dosage，你也许想知道它的更多使用方法。这需要你掌握更多的命令语法和快捷入门。
|
||||
如果你想在xkcd上下载更多的漫画连载，你应该会看到一条dosage拒绝的提示（使用成人选项，确认你的年龄）：
|
||||
|
||||
use the --adult option to confirm your age
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
因为默认情况下，dosage会为18岁以上的成年人忽略所有网络漫画中产生的冲突（xkcd只是其中的一个）。跳过这一步，请输入：
|
||||
|
||||
$ dosage --adult xkcd
|
||||
|
||||
从之前的例子，你也许注意到'@'这个参数几乎用于所有关于漫画书的下载。接下来这个'@@'这个参数是关于dosage数据库的所有漫画书。
|
||||
|
||||
$ dosage @@
|
||||
|
||||
上面的命令会下载dosage所知道的每一本漫画的最新连载。
|
||||
如果你想获取漫画开始到特定某一天的连载，你可以使用以下命令：
|
||||
$ dosage -a [name of the comic]:[year-month-day]
|
||||
|
||||
举个例子，我们想看《Calvin and Hobbes》2014年之前的所有连载，运行这条命令：
|
||||
|
||||
$ dosage -a calvinandhobbes:2014-01-01
|
||||
|
||||
最终对所有想把连载作为个人用途的开发者，dosage会在下载连载时生成rss，json和html日志文件。
|
||||
|
||||
$ dosage -o [type] [name of the comic]
|
||||
|
||||
在以上命令中，，[type]可以是rss，json或者html，[name of comic]也可以只用'@'。例如，用'html'参数就回创建一个漂亮的HTML代码可以看到所有已经下载到的漫画连载。
|
||||
|
||||
下面的命令会下载所有关于Calvin and Hobbes的连载并生成一个网页代码，在你的浏览器中看到一个漂亮的网页格式呈现出所有连载漫画。
|
||||
$ dosage -o html -a calvinandhobbes
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
最后，我会建议你阅读手册3获取更多相关信息。dosage的确是一个非常简洁的工具，它为广大网页漫画迷们服务。我很好奇地想知道像创建出一个json文件来下载连载漫画的这种创意是怎么诞生的？
|
||||
|
||||
你还有其它更好的工具来取代dosage？或者说你是这种可以取代dosage工具的粉丝并且用得非常过瘾，那就在评论里推荐给我们吧。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/download-webcomics-command-line-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：disylee(https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://wummel.github.io/dosage/
|
||||
[2]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/install-pip-linux.html
|
||||
[3]:http://wummel.github.io/dosage/dosage.1.html
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
|
||||
在Linux上配置基于web的轻量级系统监控
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
有时候，我们作为普通用户或者系统管理员，需要知道系统运行是否良好。与系统状态相关的许多问题，都可以通过检查活动服务生成的日志文件来获得答案。然而，即便对于历经数个春秋的系统管理员而言，要检查日志文件的每个细节都不是件容易的事。这也是为什么他们依赖于监控软件的原因，监控软件能够从不同的源收集信息，并以易于理解的格式给出分析报告，如图表、可视化图像、统计数据等。
|
||||
|
||||
市面上流传着许多复杂的系统监控软件，诸如[Cacti][1], [Nagios][2], Zabbix, Munin此类。在本文中，我们选取了一个轻量级的监控工具——Monitorix，该工具设计用于在Linux/BSD上监控系统资源和许多熟知的第三方应用程序。由于专为资源有限的嵌入式系统而优化，Monitorix以使用简单，消耗内存资源少而著称。它内建了一个HTTP服务器用于提供web界面，并使用PRDtool来存储时间序列统计数据，该PRDtoo可以很容易地和任何脚本语言整合，如Perl，Python，shell脚本，Ruby等。
|
||||
### 主要特性 ###
|
||||
这里列出了Monitorix的主要特性。要查看完整列表，请参阅[官方网站][3]
|
||||
|
||||
- 系统负载和系统服务需求
|
||||
- CPU/GPU温度传感器
|
||||
- 磁盘温度和健康
|
||||
- 网络/端口流量和网络状况统计
|
||||
- 邮件统计
|
||||
- Web服务器统计（Apache，Nginx，Light图片的）
|
||||
- MySQL负载和统计
|
||||
- Squid代理统计
|
||||
- NFS服务器/客户端统计
|
||||
- Raspberry Pi传感器统计
|
||||
- Memcached统计
|
||||
|
||||
### 在Fedora, CentOS或者RHEL上安装并配置Monitorix ###
|
||||
|
||||
首先，安装需要的软件包。注意，在CentOS上，你需要先设置 [EPEL][4]和[Repoforge][5]仓库。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo yum install rrdtool rrdtool-perl perl-libwww-perl perl-MailTools perl-MIME-Lite perl-CGI perl-DBI perl-XML-Simple perl-Config-General perl-HTTP-Server-Simple perl-IO-Socket-SSL
|
||||
|
||||
完成上一步后，可以通过以下命令来安装Monitorix：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo yum install monitorix
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
要配置Monitorix，打开/etc/monitorix/monitorix.conf配置文件，并修改选项。关于Monitorix的配置文件细节，可以查阅[http://www.monitorix.org/documentation.html][6]。
|
||||
|
||||
默认情况下，内建的HTTP服务器监听8080端口。因此，确保你的防火墙没有阻止TCP 8080端口。
|
||||
|
||||
要启动Monitorix，只需输入以下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo service monitorix start
|
||||
|
||||
启动你喜爱的Web浏览器，然后通过http://<host-ip-address>:8080/monitorix来访问Monitorix的Web界面。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在Archlinux上安装并配置Monitorix ###
|
||||
在Archlinux上，可以从[AUR][7]上下载Monitorix包。
|
||||
|
||||
默认情况下，Archlinux上是禁用内建HTTP服务器的。要启用内建的HTTP服务器，请编辑/etc/monitorix.conf文件的如下区块。
|
||||
|
||||
<httpd_builtin>
|
||||
enabled = y
|
||||
host =
|
||||
port = 8080
|
||||
user = nobody
|
||||
group = nobody
|
||||
log_file = /var/log/monitorix-httpd
|
||||
hosts_deny =
|
||||
hosts_allow =
|
||||
<auth>
|
||||
enabled = n
|
||||
msg = Monitorix: Restricted access
|
||||
htpasswd = /var/lib/monitorix/htpasswd
|
||||
</auth>
|
||||
</httpd_builtin>
|
||||
|
||||
最后，启动Monitorix服务。
|
||||
|
||||
打开你喜欢的Web浏览器，然后通过http://<host-ip-address>:8080/monitorix来访问Monitorix的Web界面。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在Debian和Ubuntu上安装并配置Monitorix ###
|
||||
对于Debian家族，Monitorix可以通过两种方式安装：手工安装或通过第三方软件仓库。
|
||||
#### 手工安装(用于Debian) ####
|
||||
|
||||
Install all dependent packages first.
|
||||
首先安装所有依赖包。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install rrdtool perl libwww-perl libmailtools-perl libmime-lite-perl librrds-perl libdbi-perl libxml-simple-perl libhttp-server-simple-perl libconfig-general-perl libio-socket-ssl-perl
|
||||
|
||||
从[http://www.monitorix.org/downloads.html][8]下载Monitorix包，并安装。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo dpkg -i monitorix*.deb
|
||||
|
||||
在安装期间，会要求你配置一个后端Web服务器。如果你正是用Apache，确保重启Apache服务来重新加载Apache配置。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo service apache2 reload
|
||||
|
||||
#### 通过软件仓库安装 (用于Ubuntu) ####
|
||||
在/etc/apt/source.list中添加以下行来启用Izzysoft仓库。
|
||||
|
||||
deb http://apt.izzysoft.de/ubuntu generic universe
|
||||
|
||||
下载并为软件仓库添加GPG密钥。
|
||||
|
||||
$ wget http://apt.izzysoft.de/izzysoft.asc
|
||||
$ sudo apt-key add izzysoft.asc
|
||||
|
||||
使用apt-get安装Monitorix，所有依赖包也将自动安装。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get update
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install monitorix
|
||||
|
||||
最后，启动Monitorix服务。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo service monitorix start
|
||||
|
||||
要配置Monitorix，请使用文本编辑器编辑/etc/monitorix/monitorix.conf，并重启Monitorix服务。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo service monitorix restart
|
||||
|
||||
用于Ubuntu的内建Web服务器默认将被启用。要从Web查看监控结果，在你喜爱的Web浏览器中访问http://<host-ip-address>8080/monitorix。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在Raspberry Pi上安装并配置Monitorix ###
|
||||
如果想要在Raspberry Pi（基于Debian）上安装Monitorix，你不能使用上面提到的Izzysoft仓库，因为它不提供Monitorix的ARM端口。取而代之的是，你可以参照如下基于Debian的手工安装。
|
||||
|
||||
首先，安装需要的软件包。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install rrdtool perl libwww-perl libmailtools-perl libmime-lite-perl librrds-perl libdbi-perl libxml-simple-perl libhttp-server-simple-perl libconfig-general-perl libio-socket-ssl-perl
|
||||
|
||||
如果某些需要的软件包没有安装，我们需要使用此命令来强制安装。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get -f install
|
||||
|
||||
从[http://www.monitorix.org/downloads.html][9]下载Monitorix软件包(monitorix_x.x.x-izzy1_all.deb)。
|
||||
|
||||
使用下面的命令来安装Monitorix包。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo dpkg -i monitorix_x.x.x-izzy1_all.deb
|
||||
|
||||
安装完成后，我们需要像下面这样对Monitorix配置稍作修改。
|
||||
|
||||
用你喜爱的文本编辑器打开/etc/monitorix/monitorix.conf，向下滚动文本直到你找到<graphs enable>。搜索“raspberrypi = n”，并用“y”替换“n”，这将启用对Raspberry Pi时钟频率、温度和电压的监控。
|
||||
|
||||
编辑完成后，重启Monitorix服务。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo service monitorix restart
|
||||
|
||||
默认情况下，Monitorix的内建HTTP Web服务器会被启用。要访问Monitorix的Web界面，访问此地址http://<raspberrypi-ip-address>:8080/monitorix。
|
||||
|
||||
### Monitorix截图(Raspberry Pi上) ###
|
||||
|
||||
Monitorix主屏幕:
|
||||
|
||||
[][10]
|
||||
|
||||
系统平均负载和使用情况图示:
|
||||
|
||||
[][11]
|
||||
|
||||
活动进程图示:
|
||||
|
||||
[][12]
|
||||
|
||||
在主屏幕中选择“Raspberry Pi”部分下的“时钟频率”，你会看到[Raspberry Pi][13]的时钟频率、温度和电压的图示：
|
||||
|
||||
[][14]
|
||||
|
||||
所有监控图示：
|
||||
|
||||
[][15]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/web-based-lightweight-system-monitor-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/11/install-configure-cacti-linux.html
|
||||
[2]:http://xmodulo.com/tag/nagios
|
||||
[3]:http://www.monitorix.org/features.html
|
||||
[4]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/03/how-to-set-up-epel-repository-on-centos.html
|
||||
[5]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/01/how-to-set-up-rpmforge-repoforge-repository-on-centos.html
|
||||
[6]:http://www.monitorix.org/documentation.html
|
||||
[7]:http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=33911
|
||||
[8]:http://www.monitorix.org/downloads.html
|
||||
[9]:http://www.monitorix.org/downloads.html
|
||||
[10]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14215953893/
|
||||
[11]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14009175290/
|
||||
[12]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14195746084/
|
||||
[13]:http://xmodulo.com/go/raspberrypi
|
||||
[14]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14009143189/
|
||||
[15]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14192525721/
|
||||
@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
这是一个名叫 **Tsamis Konstantinos** 的访客所发的帖子。他是一个 Linux 和开源软件的狂热用户，也是一个 Unixmen 的常客。你可以通过他的邮箱 **tsamis73@gmail.com** 联系他：
|
||||
这是一个名叫 **Tsamis Konstantinos** 的访客所发的帖子。他是一个 Linux 和开源软件的狂热用户，也是 Unixmen 的常客。你可以通过他的邮箱 **tsamis73@gmail.com** 联系他：
|
||||
|
||||
除了记笔记以外我们经常用截图来帮我们记忆，或是将看到的一些东西发给别人。
|
||||
与其记笔记或是把看到的内容发送给其他人，我们更经常通过截屏来帮助我们记忆。
|
||||
但是通常情况下，如果一个网页超出了屏幕高度，我们就得用多张截图去截取其全部内容。
|
||||
|
||||
对于 Linux，你将会有一个更好的解决方案：使用一个 GNOME 的应用来截取某个链接的整个页面。
|
||||
这个应用叫做 **gnome-web-photo**，而这篇文章将介绍如何按照和使用她。
|
||||
这个应用叫做 **gnome-web-photo**，这篇文章将介绍如何安装和使用它。
|
||||
|
||||
在 Ubuntu 和 Debian 的分支下：
|
||||
|
||||
@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
|
||||
|
||||
输出样例：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**-t** 这个参数可以设置生成截图的超时时间。**-t 0** 则表示禁用超时参数。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -47,13 +47,12 @@
|
||||
|
||||
注意这个应用并不兼容 **.jpg** 格式。
|
||||
|
||||
这个应用应该对各类用户都有所帮助。
|
||||
我经常对网页进行缩略图和完整长度的截图，希望对你也有所帮助。
|
||||
这个应用应该对各类用户都有所帮助。我经常对网页进行缩略图和完整长度的截图，希望对你也有所帮助。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/take-full-length-screenshots-websites-via-terminal/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[VizV](https://github.com/vizv) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[VizV](https://github.com/vizv) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
36
translated/tech/Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md
Normal file
36
translated/tech/Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
|
||||
Ubuntu 14.04安装声云（SoundCloud）
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
[SoundCloud][1]是一个发现交流音乐或印地音乐的很棒的平台。如果你是声云（SoundCloud）的粉丝，你可以在Ubuntu 14.04，或者其早期版本以及Linux Mint、Elementary OS等其它Linux发行版中作为“桌面应用”来尝试。
|
||||
|
||||
要**在Ubuntu 14.04中安装声云（SoundCloud）**，我们将使用与[在Ubuntu中安装Google Keep][2]相同的方法来安装。上次我们使用Google Chrome来安装Google Keep，而这次我们将使用Firefox来安装声云（SoundCloud）。
|
||||
### 在Ubuntu 14.04和Linux Mint中安装声云（SoundCloud）： ###
|
||||
由于Ubuntu（以及大多数其它Linux发行版）预装了Firefox，只需打开Firefox并转到该地址：[https://marketplace.firefox.com/][3]。
|
||||
|
||||
Firefox应用市场是Chrome商店的替代品，里面提供了一些用于Firefox智能手机OS的应用，和Firefox网页浏览器一样。在Firefox应用市场中搜索声云（SoundCloud），点击安装（install）来安装，并作为Web应用添加到Ubuntu中。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
一旦完成，你可以通过在Unity Dash中搜索声云（SoundCloud）应用来启动它。下图展示了Ubuntu 14.04 Unity中该应用的外观：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 卸载从Firefox应用市场安装的声云（SoundCloud）应用 ###
|
||||
不要过于兴奋了。该桌面没有整合声音菜单，我也不能对桌面通知持相同看法，但是这的确比Web应用要好，至少我是这么认为的。但是如果你感到不满意，那么就卸载它吧，这在Ubuntu中也很容易。
|
||||
|
||||
运行声云（SoundCloud），在Unity启动器上**右击**声云（SoundCloud）图标，然后点击**卸载应用（uninstall app）**。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
我不是一个十足的声云（SoundCloud）粉丝。我更喜欢[在Ubuntu中安装声破天（Spotify）][4]超过任何其它流媒体音乐应用。而你呢？
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/install-soundcloud-ubuntu-1404/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:https://soundcloud.com/
|
||||
[2]:http://itsfoss.com/install-google-keep-ubuntu-1310/
|
||||
[3]:https://marketplace.firefox.com/
|
||||
[4]:http://itsfoss.com/install-spotify-ubuntu-1404/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
|
||||
在Manjaro/Arch Linux上安装Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059)
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
[Sublime Text 3][1]目前还处于beta测试状态，目前最新的版本为Build 3059。 这个教程中我们将通过AUR安装Sublime Text 3 build 3059。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
打开终端并运行下列命令, 选择是否(Y/N)继续安装（这里选择Y）。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo yaourt -S sublime-text-dev
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
loading packages...
|
||||
resolving dependencies...
|
||||
looking for inter-conflicts...
|
||||
Packages (1): sublime-text-dev-3.3059-1
|
||||
Total Installed Size: 16.02 MiB
|
||||
:: Proceed with installation? [Y/n] y
|
||||
(1/1) checking keys in keyring [########################################] 100%
|
||||
(1/1) checking package integrity [########################################] 100%
|
||||
(1/1) loading package files [########################################] 100%
|
||||
(1/1) checking for file conflicts [########################################] 100%
|
||||
(1/1) checking available disk space [########################################] 100%
|
||||
(1/1) installing sublime-text-dev [########################################] 100%
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
==> sublime-text-dev 安装/升级 提示:
|
||||
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
要禁用程序内Sublime Text开发版新版提醒，
|
||||
在你的个人偏好文件(User Preferences file)加入以下设置:
|
||||
"update_check": false
|
||||
------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/install-sublime-text-3-build-3059-manjaroarch-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.sublimetext.com/3
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
||||
这是一个免费的MySQL客户端工具，基于浏览器，使用起来非常简单，其名称中的SIDU代表Select、Insert、Delete和Update操作，当然它能够完成更多的任务，支持火狐、IE、Opera、Safari和Chrome等浏览器，其界面体验酷似数据库前端软件图形化界面，支持MySQL、Postgres和SQLite数据库。
|
||||
|
||||
下载地址：http://downloads.sourceforge.net/sidu/sidu31.zip
|
||||
|
||||
Navicat Lite MySQL Admin Tool
|
||||
|
||||
Navicat是一个快速、可靠和通用的数据库管理工具，旨在简化数据库管理、降低管理成本，满足数据库管理员、开发人员和中小型企业的需要。Navicat具有一个非常直观的图形化界面，让你可以更安全、更简单的创建、组织、访问和共享信息。
|
||||
|
||||
Navicat for MySQL是一个强大的数据库管理和开发工具。它支持3.21及以上版本的所有MySQL数据库服务器，支持绝大多数最新的MySQL功夫能，其中包括触发器、存储过程、函数、事件、视图和管理用户等。Navicat Lite是针对非商业客户提供的免费下载
|
||||
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
||||
为什么 Linux 的 htop 命令优于 top 命令
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
在 Linux 系统中，top 命令用来显示系统中正在运行的进程的实时状态，它显示了像 CPU 利用情况、内存消耗情况，以及每个进程情况等十分有用的信息。你应该知道，与传统的 top 命令功能一样的，还存在另一个命令行工具 'htop'，但它有更加强大的功能及能显示更多的信息。这篇文章，我们会用实例来讨论这个 'htop' 命令。
|
||||
在 Linux 系统中，top 命令用来显示系统中正在运行的进程的实时状态，它显示了一些非常有用的信息，比如 CPU 利用情况、内存消耗情况，以及每个进程情况等。但是，你知道吗？还有另外一个命令行工具 'htop'，它与传统的 top 命令功能一样，但它有更加强大的功能及能显示更多的信息。这篇文章，我们会用实例来讨论这个 'htop' 命令。
|
||||
|
||||
### Linux 中的 htop 命令 ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ HTOP 命令提供了某种功能，通过此功能您可以很容易地在 HTOP
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如你所见，窗口的左边部分列出的是可用的信号，右边部分列出的是进程。只要选中信号，并选择一个进程，然后按下 enter 键，选中的信号就会发送到此进程。
|
||||
如你所见，窗口的左边部分列出的是所有可用的信号，右边部分列出的是进程。只要选中信号，并选择一个进程，然后按下 enter 键，选中的信号就会发送到此进程。
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. 显示进程的树状视图 ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ HTOP 命令提供了易用的方式来搜索进程。您需要做就是按下 F3
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
所以通过此种方法，你就能很轻松的追踪想查看的进程。
|
||||
所以通过此方法，你就能很轻松地追踪想查看的进程。
|
||||
|
||||
### 6. 命令行选项 ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -82,6 +82,6 @@ HTOP 命令提供了易用的方式来搜索进程。您需要做就是按下 F3
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-htop-command/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user