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[#]: subject: "GNOME 43: Top New Features and Release Wiki"
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/gnome-43/"
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: "wxy"
[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
[#]: publisher: "wxy"
[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-15071-1.html"
GNOME 43 发布,标志性的版本
======
> 对 GNOME 43 桌面环境的各种功能的介绍,以及它给你的日常需求和工作流程带来的变化和影响。
![通过 GNOME OS 运行的 GNOME 43][1]
这篇文章总结了所有关于 GNOME 43 的必要信息包括功能、发布时间表等等。GNOME 43 版本可能是自 GNOME 40 以来在功能和对你的工作流程影响最大的一个版本。
主要的变化包括更新的 Shell 和更快的性能,内含了 GTK4 和 libadwaita 的转换,翻新的文件应用和 Web 应用的奇妙变化。
所有这些必要的变化都是早该进行的,并将改变你在 GNOME 桌面上的传统工作流程,使你的工作效率更高。
### 时间表
GNOME 43 于 2022 年 9 月 21 日 [正式发布][2]。
* GNOME 43 测试版2022 年 8 月 31 日
* GNOME 43 候选版2022 年 9 月 4 日
* GNOME 43 最终版2022 年 9 月 21 日
### GNOME 43 的功能
#### 1、核心 Shell 的变化
* 终于,得益于 Wayland 最近的工作GNOME 有了对高分辨率的滚轮支持。所以,如果你有一个高分辨率的显示器,用一个高级的鼠标(比如罗技 MX Master 3来滚动应该成为了一种享受。
* 除了上述情况GNOME 43 中的<ruby>直接扫描输出<rt>direct scanout</rt></ruby> 支持将有助于多显示器环境。
* 服务器端的窗口装饰得到了基本的颜色支持。
* Shell 还实现了一个功能,当焦点改变时,通知会消失,并不等待超时。
* 和每个版本一样,你在整个桌面上会体验到更好的动画性能,改进了网格和概览导航以及关键的更新,这给你带来了顺滑的体验。
这些就是核心变化的关键总结。现在,让我们来谈谈快速设置。
#### 2、新的快速设置菜单
系统托盘中的快速设置完全改变了。快速设置项目和菜单现在采用药丸状的切换按钮,用鲜艳的颜色来显示系统中正在发生的事情。该菜单也是动态的,并支持层叠的菜单项目。此外,你可以在快速设置中选择音频设备。
这里有一个快速演示,更多的屏幕截图和文章,请阅读:[GNOME 43 快速设置][3]。
![GNOME 43 的快速设置演示][4]
#### 3. 文件应用
GNOME <ruby>文件应用<rt>Files</rt></ruby>在 GNOME 43 版本中增加了很多功能。这个应用程序的改进清单非常巨大。文件管理器是任何桌面环境中使用最多的应用程序。因此,文件应用中的变化对整个用户群的影响最大。
这是 GTK4 版的文件应用第一次亮相(它在 GNOME 42 发布时还没有准备好),它将会彻底改变你的工作流程。
我将尝试用一个简短的列表来解释其中的大部分内容。否则,这将是一篇冗长的文章。我将单独推送另一篇关于文件应用的功能的文章。
##### 自适应侧边栏
可以让你访问导航、收藏夹、网络驱动器等的文件应用侧边栏是响应式的。当文件应用窗口的大小达到一定程度时,它会 [自动隐藏][5] 自己。如果你工作时有很多打开的窗口,而且显示器较小,那么这是一个熟悉而方便的功能。
另一个令人兴奋的功能是,当侧边栏完全隐藏时,在左上方会出现一个图标,点击可使其可见。
![自动隐藏侧边栏的文件应用 43][6]
##### 徽章
很久以前GNOME 中就有了徽章,后来它们消失了。因此,徽章在 GNOME 43 中以文件和目录旁边的小图标的形象卷土重来。这些图标代表着类型,如符号链接、只读等。此外,这些图标会根据你的主题改变它们的颜色,而且一个文件也可以有多个图标。
![GNOME 43 中的徽章][7]
##### 橡皮筋选择
接下来是期待已久的橡皮筋选择功能,它 [终于到来了][8]。现在你可以通过拖动选择机制来选择文件和文件夹。这是用户要求最多的功能之一。
![橡皮筋选择功能][9]
##### GtkColumnView 代替了 GtkTreeView
当你把鼠标放在列视图中的项目上时,你会看到一个焦点行,这是 GNOME 43 文件应用的另一个关键功能。但是它在 [树形视图不能显示][10],可能计划在下一次迭代中实现。
![GtkColumnView 启用了焦点行][11]
##### 重新设计的属性窗口,具有交互式的权限和可执行文件检测功能
通过采用 GTK4属性窗口 [完全改变了][12]。该窗口现在更加简洁,设计合理,只在需要的时候显示必要的项目。
此外,属性对话框可以确定文件类型并提供合适的选项。例如,如果你查看一个 Shell 脚本或文本文件的属性,你会得到一个选项,使其可执行。相反,图像文件的属性不会给你一个可执行的选项。
![智能属性窗口][13]
##### 标签式视图的改进
文件的标签式视图得到了一些 [额外的更新][14]。最值得注意的是,当拖动文件到标签时,可以适当地聚焦,在当前聚焦的标签之后创建标签,等等。
##### 重新设计的右键菜单
对文件或文件夹的主要右键菜单进行了分组。首先,打开选项被归入一个子菜单中。其次,复制/粘贴/剪切选项被合并到一个组中。最后,垃圾箱、重命名和压缩选项被归为一组。
此外,“<ruby>在终端打开<rt>Open in terminal</rt></ruby>”的选项对所有文件和文件夹都可用。然而仍然缺失一个“创建新文件”的选项这是我在这个版本中所期望的LCTT 译者:预计 GNOME 44 文件应用将出现此功能)
![各种上下文菜单][15]
##### 其他变化
文件应用中其他醒目的变化是垃圾箱图标,以及其他位置(网络驱动器、磁盘)在右键菜单中有了属性菜单。
最后,文件应用的偏好窗口被重新设计,以显示更多的基本项目。重新设计后,普通用户可以很容易地找到适当的文件设置。
#### 4、Web 应用
让我们抽出一些时间来谈谈我们心爱的 Epiphany又称 GNOME Web是 GNOME 桌面上基于 WebKit 的原生网页浏览器。
这些更新早就应该开始了,并且终于从这个版本开始出现了。
首先GNOME Web 现在支持 WebExtension API。它可以让你在网络中下载和安装火狐和谷歌浏览器的扩展。以下是做法
* 从 Firefox 附加组件或谷歌 Chrome 扩展页面下载任何扩展文件xpi 或 crx 文件)。
* 点击汉堡菜单,选择<ruby>扩展程序<rt>Extensions</rt></ruby>
* 最后,点击<ruby>添加<rt>Add</rt></ruby>来安装它们。
WebExtension 的支持是使 Web 应用尽快可用的关键步骤。
其次,可以使用火狐浏览器同步选项,让你通过火狐浏览器账户登录 Web 应用,同步书签和其他浏览器项目。
![使用火狐账户登录 Web 应用][16]
Web 应用中其他值得注意的变化包括对 “查看源代码” 的支持、GTK4 的移植工作和一个更新的 PDF 库PDF.js 2.13.216)。
Web 应用中仍然缺少的一个关键组件是 [通过 GStreamer 支持WebRTC][17]。一旦这个功能出现,它将是一个适合日常使用的浏览器。
希望有一天,我们都有一个体面的非火狐、非 Chromium 的替代浏览器。
#### 5、设置应用
<ruby>设置应用<rt>Settings</rt></ruby> 的窗口中,大部分改进和视觉微调在这个版本中出现。重要的变化包括警报中的 “狗叫声” 在经过长时间的 [有趣的对话][18] 后现在已经消失。
此外,引入了一个新的设备安全面板,日期和时间面板中的时区地图也修改了。
设置窗口的侧边栏也是响应式的,并为你提供自动隐藏功能,如上图所示的文件应用一样。
#### 6、软件应用
GNOME <ruby>软件应用<rt>Software</rt></ruby> 有两个关键的变化。这些变化使你可以在一个页面上查看应用程序的更多信息。
首先,一个新“该作者的其他应用程序”部分,为你提供了一个由当前应用程序的作者编写的应用程序列表。这有助于发现并告诉你应用作者有多受欢迎。
其次GNOME 43 软件应用现在在一个单独的窗口中为你提供了 Flatpak 应用程序所需的详细权限列表。因此,你可以在安装它们之前确认该应用程序所需权限。
另一个关键的视觉变化是在应用程序概览主页面上新增了 “适用于 Fedora/任何发行版”部分,这需要配置。
![软件应用中的开发者的其他应用程序部分][19]
#### 7、气候变化墙纸
我不确定这个功能是否有了。因为我找不到它,但我听说过它。所以,我想我应该在这里提到它。
这个功能是GNOME 43 带来了一张背景墙纸,显示了全球温度在几十年间是如何从 [海洋条纹][20] 上升的。该墙纸包含了垂直的彩色编码条,表示低和高的温度。我认为这是一个很好的提示,也是提高人们认识的努力。这是它在 GitLab 中的 [提交][21]。
此外,还有几张新的 [白天和黑夜][22] 的新鲜壁纸。
这就是我可以找到并总结的所有基本变化。除了这些GNOME 43 还有大量的错误修复、性能改进和代码清理。
Fedora 37 将在发布时采用 GNOME 43它的某些部分应该在 10 月发布的 Ubuntu 22.10 中出现。
### 总结
GNOME 43 是一个标志性的版本因为它改变了几个基本的设计影响了数百万用户的工作流程。快速设置的转变是非常棒的而且早该如此了。此外文件应用、Web 应用和设置应用的必要改变将提高你的工作效率。
此外,新功能的到来,同时保持了设计准则和美学的理念。一个好的用户界面需要一个深思熟虑的过程,而开发者在这个版本中做了完美的工作。
所以,差不多就是这样了。这就是 GNOME 43 的内容。如果你打算得到这个更新并想从 KDE 跳到 GNOME请告诉我
🗨️请在下面的评论区让我知道你最喜欢的功能。
举杯~
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/gnome-43/
作者:[Arindam][a]
选题:[lkxed][b]
译者:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/GNOME-43-Running-via-GNOME-OS.jpg
[2]: https://debugpointnews.com/gnome-43-release/
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/gnome-43-quick-settings/
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/?attachment_id=10682
[5]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/nautilus/-/merge_requests/877
[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/?attachment_id=10684
[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/?attachment_id=10685
[8]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/nautilus/-/merge_requests/817
[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Rubberband-Selection-Feature.gif
[10]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/nautilus/-/merge_requests/817
[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/GtkColumnView-enables-row-focus.gif
[12]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/nautilus/-/merge_requests/745
[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Intelligent-properties-window.jpg
[14]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/nautilus/-/merge_requests/595
[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/?attachment_id=10689
[16]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Login-to-Web-using-Firefox-account.jpg
[17]: https://twitter.com/_philn_/status/1490391956970684422
[18]: https://discourse.gnome.org/t/dog-barking-error-message-sound/9529/2
[19]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Other-APPS-by-developer-section-in-Software.jpg
[20]: https://showyourstripes.info/s/globe/
[21]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-backgrounds/-/commit/a142d5c88702112fae3b64a6d90d10488150d8c1
[22]: https://www.debugpoint.com/custom-light-dark-wallpaper-gnome/

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[#]: subject: "UbuntuDDE Remix 22.04 LTS Released!"
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntudde-remix-22-04-released/"
[#]: author: "Sourav Rudra https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
UbuntuDDE Remix 22.04 LTS Released!
======
UbuntuDDE 22.04 LTS is here with Linux Kernel 5.15, DDE Store, and several upgrades.
![UbuntuDDE Remix 22.04 LTS Released!][1]
UbuntuDDE Remix is a distro that integrates the Deepin desktop environment on top of Ubuntu. Users who do not want to try Deepin distribution but like its user interface can try this out.
With [Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][2] as its base, it is a major upgrade.
Let us see what they have to offer.
### UbuntuDDE Remix 22.04: What's New?
UbuntuDDE Remix 22.04 uses Ubuntu 22.04 and Linux Kernel 5.15 as a solid base with the Deepin desktop environment, of course.
![ubuntudde remix 22.04 desktop][3]
They have added many new things to Ubuntu with this distro, such as a '**grand search bar**', upgraded versions of GTK-based applications, **new wallpapers**, the **DDE app store**, and more.
Let's look at some key changes UbuntuDDE Remix 22.04 brings to the table.
#### DDE Grand Search
![ubuntudde remix 22.04 grand search][4]
They call it the 'DDE Grand Search', which is a quick app launcher.
This enables users to search for anything quickly, whether apps, files, folders, or even a simple web search. It is activated by a keyboard shortcut (**Shift+Space bar**).
#### Linux Kernel 5.15
The distro also features Linux Kernel 5.15, which opens the doors to various features such as enhanced support for Intel Alder Lake CPUs, improvements to the NTFS3 drivers, improved Apple M1 support, and more.
We previously covered the highlights of this Linux Kernel release, you can check it out for more info:
[Linux Kernel 5.15 LTS Released! Brings Improved NTFS Driver to Linux][5]
#### New Installer Re-design
![ubuntudde remix 22.04 installer][7]
The installer on UbuntuDDE Remix seems to have taken a few pages from the book of the [QT installer framework][8], by providing QT-based styling in the Calamares installer with a very familiar layout going on with all the usual options for effortless installation of the distro.
#### New Wallpapers
![ubuntudde remix 22.04 new wallpapers][9]
The release also includes a host of new wallpapers to play around with.
#### 🛠️ Other Changes
You can expect the obvious Deepin applications and goodies that come with it. Some of the noteworthy mentions include:
* Pre-installed DDE App Store
* LibreOffice 7.3.6.2
* Regular software updates through OTA updates
* Inclusion of upgraded DTK-based apps such as Deepin Music, Deepin Terminal, Boot Maker, System Monitor and more
### Download UbuntuDDE Remix 22.04
You can download the ISO file for UbuntuDDE Remix 22.04 by heading to its official [download page][10].
[UbuntuDDE Remix 22.04][11]
If you're looking for a live USB creation tool to install UbuntuDDE Remix, go through this guide to create one easily:
[Rufus for Linux? Here are the Best Live USB Creating Tools][12]
Note that it is not an official Ubuntu flavour (hence, "Remix") but it looks like something exciting to try with Deepin desktop on baord.
*💬 What do you think? Do you want to experience Deepin desktop on top of Ubuntu?*
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntudde-remix-22-04-released/
作者:[Sourav Rudra][a]
选题:[lkxed][b]
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1200/2022/09/ubunturemixdde-22-04-lts.png
[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntu-22-04-release/
[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/09/UbuntuDDE_Remix_22.04_Desktop.png
[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/09/UbuntuDDE_Remix_22.04_Grand-Search.png
[5]: https://news.itsfoss.com/linux-kernel-5-15-release/
[7]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/09/UbuntuDDE_Remix_22.04_Installer.png
[8]: https://doc.qt.io/qtinstallerframework/ifw-overview.html
[9]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/09/UbuntuDDE_Remix_22.04_New_Wallpapers.png
[10]: https://ubuntudde.com/download/
[11]: https://bit.ly/ubuntudde-22-04-fosshost
[12]: https://itsfoss.com/live-usb-creator-linux/
[14]: https://www.humblebundle.com/books/linux-no-starch-press-books?partner=itsfoss

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[#]: subject: "3 ways to use the Linux inxi command"
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/9/linux-inxi-command"
[#]: author: "Don Watkins https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
3 ways to use the Linux inxi command
======
I use inxi on Linux to check my laptop batter, CPU information, and even the weather.
![Coding on a computer][1]
I was looking for information about the health of my laptop battery when I stumbled upon `inxi`. It's a command line system information tool that provides a wealth of information about your Linux computer, whether it's a laptop, desktop, or server.
The `inxi` command is [licensed][2] with the GPLv3, and many Linux distributions include it. According to its Git repository: "inxi strives to support the widest range of operating systems and hardware, from the most simple consumer desktops, to the most advanced professional hardware and servers."
Documentation is robust, and the project maintains a complete [man page][3] online. Once installed, you can access the man page on your system with the `man inxi` command.
### Install inxi on Linux
Generally, you can install `inxi` from your distribution's software repository or app center. For example, on Fedora, CentOS, Mageia, or similar:
```
$ sudo dnf install inxi
```
On Debian, Elementary, Linux Mint, or similar:
```
$ sudo apt install inxi
```
You can find more information about installation options for your Linux distribution [here][4].
### 3 ways to use inxi on Linux
Once you install `inxi`, you can explore all its options. There are numerous options to help you learn more about your system. The most fundamental command provides a basic overview of your system:
```
$ inxi -b
System:
  Host: pop-os Kernel: 5.19.0-76051900-generic x86_64 bits: 64
        Desktop: GNOME 42.3.1 Distro: Pop!_OS 22.04 LTS
Machine:
  Type: Laptop System: HP product: Dev One Notebook PC v: N/A
        serial: <superuser required>
  Mobo: HP model: 8A78 v: KBC Version 01.03 serial: <superuser required>
        UEFI: Insyde v: F.05 date: 06/14/2022
Battery:
  ID-1: BATT charge: 50.6 Wh (96.9%) condition: 52.2/53.2 Wh (98.0%)
CPU:
  Info: 8-core AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 5850U with Radeon Graphics [MT MCP]
        speed (MHz): avg: 915 min/max: 400/4507
Graphics:
  Device-1: AMD Cezanne driver: amdgpu v: kernel
  Device-2: Quanta HP HD Camera type: USB driver: uvcvideo
  Display: x11 server: X.Org v: 1.21.1.3 driver: X: loaded: amdgpu,ati
        unloaded: fbdev,modesetting,radeon,vesa gpu: amdgpu
        resolution: 1920x1080~60Hz
  OpenGL:
        renderer: AMD RENOIR (LLVM 13.0.1 DRM 3.47 5.19.0-76051900-generic)
        v: 4.6 Mesa 22.0.5
Network:
  Device-1: Realtek RTL8822CE 802.11ac PCIe Wireless Network Adapter
        driver: rtw_8822ce
Drives:
  Local Storage: total: 953.87 GiB used: 75.44 GiB (7.9%)
Info:
  Processes: 347 Uptime: 15m Memory: 14.96 GiB used: 2.91 GiB (19.4%)
  Shell: Bash inxi: 3.3.13
```
### 1. Display battery status
You can check your battery health using the `-B` option. The result shows the system battery ID, charge condition, and other information:
```
$ inxi -B
Battery:
ID-1: BATT charge: 44.3 Wh (85.2%) condition: 52.0/53.2 Wh (97.7%)
```
### 2. Display CPU info
Find out more information about the CPU with the `-C` option:
```
$ inxi -C
CPU:
Info: 8-core model: AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 5850U with Radeon Graphics bits: 64
type: MT MCP cache: L2: 4 MiB
Speed (MHz): avg: 400 min/max: 400/4507 cores: 1: 400 2: 400 3: 400
4: 400 5: 400 6: 400 7: 400 8: 400 9: 400 10: 400 11: 400 12: 400 13: 400
14: 400 15: 400 16: 400
```
The output of `inxi` uses colored text by default. You can change that to improve readability, as needed, by using the "color switch."
The command option is `-c` followed by any number between 0 and 42 to suit your tastes.
```
$ inxi -c 42
```
Here is an example of a couple of different options using color 5 and then 7:
![inxi -c 5 command][5]
The software can show hardware temperature, fan speed, and other information about your system using the sensors in your Linux system. Enter `inxi -s` and read the result below:
![inxi -s][6]
### 3. Combine options
You can combine options for `inxi` to get complex output when supported. For example, `inxi -S` provides system information, and `-v` provides verbose output. Combining the two gives the following:
```
$ inxi -S
System:
  Host: pop-os Kernel: 5.19.0-76051900-generic x86_64 bits: 64
        Desktop: GNOME 42.3.1 Distro: Pop!_OS 22.04 LTS
$ inxi -Sv
CPU: 8-core AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 5850U with Radeon Graphics (-MT MCP-)
speed/min/max: 634/400/4507 MHz Kernel: 5.19.0-76051900-generic x86_64
Up: 20m Mem: 3084.2/15318.5 MiB (20.1%) Storage: 953.87 GiB (7.9% used)
Procs: 346 Shell: Bash inxi: 3.3.13
```
### Bonus: Check the weather
Your computer isn't all `inxi` can gather information about. With the `-w` option, you can also get weather information for your locale:
```
$ inxi -w
Weather:
  Report: temperature: 14 C (57 F) conditions: Clear sky
  Locale: Wellington, G2, NZL
        current time: Tue 30 Aug 2022 16:28:14 (Pacific/Auckland)
        Source: WeatherBit.io
```
You can get weather information for other areas of the world by specifying the city and country you want along with `-W` :
```
$ inxi -W rome,italy
Weather:
  Report: temperature: 20 C (68 F) conditions: Clear sky
  Locale: Rome, Italy current time: Tue 30 Aug 2022 06:29:52
        Source: WeatherBit.io
```
### Wrap up
There are many great tools to gather information about your computer. I use different ones depending on the machine, the desktop, or my mood. What are your favorite system information tools?
Image by: (Don Watkins, CC BY-SA 4.0)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/22/9/linux-inxi-command
作者:[Don Watkins][a]
选题:[lkxed][b]
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/code_computer_laptop_hack_work.png
[2]: https://github.com/smxi/inxi/blob/master/LICENSE.txt
[3]: https://smxi.org/docs/inxi-man.htm
[4]: https://smxi.org/docs/inxi-installation.htm#inxi-repo-install
[5]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-09/inxi-c5.png
[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-09/inxi-s.png

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@ -1,212 +0,0 @@
[#]: subject: "GNOME 43: Top New Features and Release Wiki"
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/gnome-43/"
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
GNOME 43: Top New Features and Release Wiki
======
An extensive feature analysis of the GNOME 43 desktop environment bringing impactful changes to your day-to-day needs and workflow.
![GNOME 43 Running via GNOME OS][1]
This article summarises all necessary information about GNOME 43, including features, release schedule and more. The GNOME 43 release is probably the most impactful release since the GNOME 40 in terms of the features and their impact on your workflow.
The feature includes updated and faster Shell performance, wrapping up GTK4 and libadwaita conversion, renovated Files and fantastic Web changes.
All these necessary changes were long overdue and will change your traditional workflow in the GNOME desktop to make you more productive.
### Schedule
GNOME 43 was [officially released][2] on September 21, 2022.
* GNOME 43 Beta: August 31, 2022 (Complete)
* GNOME 43 RC: September 4, 2022 (Complete)
* GNOME 43 final release: September 21, 2022
### GNOME 43: The Features
#### 1. Core Shell Changes
* Finally, the high-resolution scroll wheel support lands in GNOME thanks to recent work in Wayland. So, if you have a high-resolution display, scrolling with an advanced mouse (such as Logitech MX Master 3) should be a treat for you.
* In addition to the above, the direct scanout support in GNOME 43 will help with multi-monitor setup situations.
* The server-side decorations get essential colour support.
* Shell also implemented a feature where the notifications get away when the focus changes, and it doesnt wait for the timeout.
* Like every release, you experience better animation performance across the desktop, improved grid and overview navigation and critical updates, which gives you a seamless experience.
So, that are the key summaries of the core changes. Now, lets talk about the Quick settings.
#### 2. New Quick Settings Menu
The quick settings in the system tray are entirely changed. The quick settings items and menus now feature pill-shaped toggle buttons with vibrant colours to show what is happening in your system. The menu is also dynamic and makes way for cascading menu items. In addition, you can choose the audio devices in the quick settings.
Heres a quick demo, and for additional screenshots and write-up read our exclusive coverage: [GNOME 43 Quick settings][3].
![Quick Settings Demo in GNOME 43][4]
#### 3. Files
GNOME Files gets the most features in GNOME 43 release. The list of improvements in this application is enormous. The file manager is the most used app in any desktop environment. Hence the changes in Files are the most impactful across the user base.
For the first time, Files with GTK4 arrive (it was not ready during GNOME 42 release), and it will change your workflow for good.
I will try to explain most of them in a brief list. Otherwise, this will be a lengthy post. I will push out another separate article on the File features.
##### Adaptive sidebar
So the sidebar of Files which gives you access to navigations, favourites, network drives, etc. is not responsive. And it [autohides][5] itself when Files window size reaches a point. A familiar and handy feature if you work with many open windows and have smaller displays.
Another exciting feature is that when the sidebar is wholly hidden, an icon appears at the left top for you to make it visible.
![Files 43 with autohide sidebar][6]
##### Emblems
We had the emblems in GNOME long back, and they went away. So, Emblems make a comeback with GNOME 43 with small icons beside the files and directories. These icons imply the type, such as symbolic link, read-only, etc. Moreover, the icons change their colour based on your theme, and multiple emblems are also available for a single file.
![Emblems in GNOME 43][7]
##### Rubberband Selection
Next up is the much-awaited rubberband selection feature, which [finally arrived][8]. Now you can select the files and folders by drag-selection mechanism. One of the most requested features from the users.
![Rubberband Selection Feature][9]
##### GtkColumnView replacing GtkTreeView
When you mouse over the items in the column view, you see a focused row which is another critical feature of Files in GNOME 43. But the [tree view could not make it][10] and probably planned for the next iteration.
![GtkColumnView enables row focus][11]
##### Redesigned properties window with interactive permission and executable detection
The properties window is [wholly changed][12], thanks to the adaptation of GTK4. The window is now much cleaner and well-designed, showing essential items only when required.
Furthermore, the properties dialog can determine the file type and provide suitable options. For example, if you view the properties of a shell script or text file, you will get an option to make it executable. In contrast, the properties of an image file do not give you an executable option.
![Intelligent properties window][13]
**Tabbed View improvements**
The tabbed view of Files gets some [additional updates][14]. The most noteworthy ones are the proper focus when dragging a file to tag, the creation of tabs after the current focussed tab and so on.
**Redesigned Right-click menu**
The primary right-click context menu on files or folders is restricted. Firstly, the OPEN option is clubbed under a submenu. Secondly, the copy/paste/cut options are consolidated in a group. And finally, the Trash, Rename and Compress options are grouped.
In addition, the Open in terminal option is available for all files and folders. However, create a new file option is still missing (which I expected in this release).
![Various Context Menu][15]
##### Other changes in Files
Other prominent changes in Files are the Trash icon, and other locations (network drive, disk) gets the properties option in right-click context menu.
Finally, the Files preference window was revamped to show you more essential items. The redesign makes it easy for the average user to find the proper Files settings.
#### 4. Web
Lets spare some moments to talk about our beloved Epiphany, a.k.a. GNOME Web, the WebKit-based native web browser for the GNOME desktop.
The updates were long overdue and finally started landing from this release onwards.
First and foremost, GNOME Web now supports WebExtension API. It lets you download and install the Firefox and Google Chrome extensions inside the Web. Heres how you can do it.
* Download any extension file (xpi or crx file) from Firefox Add-on or Google Chrome extension page.
* Click on the hamburger menu and select Extensions.
* Finally, click add to install them.
WebExtension support is a crucial step for making the Web usable soon.
Secondly, the Firefox Sync option is available, which lets you log in to the Web via a Firefox account to sync bookmarks and other browser items.
![Login to the Web using a Firefox account][16]
Other noteworthy changes in the Web include support for “view source”, GTK4 porting work and an updated PDF library (PDF.js 2.13.216).
One of the critical components which are still missing in Web is the [WebRTC support via GStreamer][17]. Once that feature arrives, it will be a decent browser for daily usage.
Hopefully, one day, we all have a decent alternative browser which is non-Firefox or non-Chromium.
#### 5. Settings
In the settings window, mostly improvements and visual fine-tuning arrive in this release. The important change includes the “Dog Bark” sound in Alert is gone now after a long and [interesting conversation][18].
In addition, a new device security panel is introduced, and the TImezone map in the Date & Time panel is revamped.
The settings sidebar is also responsive and gives you autohide features like the Files shown above.
#### 6. Software
Two crucial changes are coming to GNOME Software. These changes enable you to view more information on a single page for any application.
Firstly, a new section, “Other apps by Author”, gives you a list of apps by the author of the current app. This helps in discovery and tells you how popular the creator is.
Secondly, GNOME 43 Software now provides you with a detailed list of permission required by the Flatpak apps in a separate window. Hence, you can verify the app before you install them.
Another crucial visual change is a new “Available for Fedora/any distro” section on the application main overview page, which requires configuration.
![Other APPS by developer section in Software][19]
#### 7. Climate Change Wallpaper
I am not sure whether this feature landed. Because I could not find it, but I heard about it. So, I though I should mention it here.
The feature is that GNOME 43 brings a background wallpaper showing how the global temperature has risen over the decades from [ocean stripes][20]. The wallpaper contains vertical colour-coded bars denoting low and high temperatures. I think its a nice touch and an effort to raise awareness. Heres the [commit][21] in GitLab.
In addition, a couple of new [“days and nights”][22] fresh wallpapers are available.
Thats all about the essential changes I could find and summarise here. Besides those, a vast list of bug fixes, performance improvements and code clean up lands in GNOME 43.
Fedora 37 will feature GNOME 43 when released, and some parts of it should be in Ubuntu 22.10, due in October.
### Wrapping Up
GNOME 43 is an iconic release because it changes several basic designs and impacts millions of users workflow. The quick settings transformation is fantastic and long overdue. In addition, the necessary changes in Files, Web and Settings will improve your productivity.
Furthermore, the new features arrive while keeping the design guideline and aesthetics in mind. A good user interface requires a well-thought-out process, and the devs did a perfect job in this release.
So, thats pretty much it. Thats GNOME 43 for you. Let me know if you plan to get this update and want to hop from KDE to GNOME!
🗨️ Do let me know your favourite feature in the comment section below.
Cheers.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/gnome-43/
作者:[Arindam][a]
选题:[lkxed][b]
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/GNOME-43-Running-via-GNOME-OS.jpg
[2]: https://debugpointnews.com/gnome-43-release/
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/gnome-43-quick-settings/
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/?attachment_id=10682
[5]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/nautilus/-/merge_requests/877
[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/?attachment_id=10684
[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/?attachment_id=10685
[8]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/nautilus/-/merge_requests/817
[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Rubberband-Selection-Feature.gif
[10]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/nautilus/-/merge_requests/817
[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/GtkColumnView-enables-row-focus.gif
[12]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/nautilus/-/merge_requests/745
[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Intelligent-properties-window.jpg
[14]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/nautilus/-/merge_requests/595
[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/?attachment_id=10689
[16]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Login-to-Web-using-Firefox-account.jpg
[17]: https://twitter.com/_philn_/status/1490391956970684422
[18]: https://discourse.gnome.org/t/dog-barking-error-message-sound/9529/2
[19]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Other-APPS-by-developer-section-in-Software.jpg
[20]: https://showyourstripes.info/s/globe/
[21]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-backgrounds/-/commit/a142d5c88702112fae3b64a6d90d10488150d8c1
[22]: https://www.debugpoint.com/custom-light-dark-wallpaper-gnome/

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@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
[#]: subject: "Drop your database for PostgreSQL"
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/9/drop-your-database-for-postgresql"
[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
Drop your database for PostgreSQL
======
Postgres is one of the most flexible databases available, and it's open source.
Databases are tools to store information in an organized but flexible way. A spreadsheet is essentially a database, but the constraints of a graphical application render most spreadsheet applications useless to programmers. With [Edge][3] and IoT devices becoming significant target platforms, developers need powerful but lightweight solutions for storing, processing, and querying large amounts of data. One of my favourite combinations is the PostgreSQL database and [Lua bindings][4], but the possibilities are endless. Whatever language you use, Postgres is a great choice for a database, but you need to know some basics before adopting it.
### Install Postgres
To install PostgreSQL on Linux, use your software repository. On Fedora, CentOS, Mageia, and similar:
```
$ sudo dnf install postgresql postgresql-server
```
On Debian, Linux Mint, Elementary, and similar:
```
$ sudo apt install postgresql postgresql-contrib
```
On macOS and Windows, download an installer from [postgresql.org][5].
### Setting up Postgres
Most distributions install the Postgres database without *starting* it, but provide you with a script or [systemd service][6] to help it start reliably. However, before you start PostgreSQL, you must create a database cluster.
#### Fedora
On Fedora, CentOS, or similar, there's a Postgres setup script provided in the Postgres package. Run this script for easy configuration:
```
$ sudo /usr/bin/postgresql-setup --initdb
[sudo] password:
 * Initializing database in '/var/lib/pgsql/data'
 * Initialized, logs are in /var/lib/pgsql/initdb_postgresql.log
```
#### Debian
On Debian-based distributions, setup is performed automatically by `apt` during installation.
#### Everything else
Finally, if you're running something else, then you can just use the toolchain provided by Postgres itself. The `initdb` command creates a database cluster, but you must run it as the `postgres` user, an identity you may temporarily assume using `sudo` :
```
$ sudo -u postgres \
"initdb -D /var/lib/pgsql/data \
--locale en_US.UTF-8 --auth md5 --pwprompt"
```
### Start Postgres
Now that a cluster exists, start the Postgres server using either the command provided to you in the output of `initdb` or with systemd:
```
$ sudo systemctl start postgresql
```
### Creating a database user
To create a Postgres user, use the `createuser` command. The `postgres` user is the superuser of the Postgres install,
```
$ sudo -u postgres createuser --interactive --password bogus
Shall the new role be a superuser? (y/n) n
Shall the new role be allowed to create databases? (y/n) y
Shall the new role be allowed to create more new roles? (y/n) n
Password:
```
### Create a database
To create a new database, use the `createdb` command. In this example, I create the database `exampledb` and assign ownership of it to the user `bogus` :
```
$ createdb exampledb --owner bogus
```
### Interacting with PostgreSQL
You can interact with a PostgreSQL database using the `psql` command. This command provides an interactive shell so you can view and update your databases. To connect to a database, specify the user and database you want to use:
```
$ psql --user bogus exampledb
psql (XX.Y)
Type "help" for help.
exampledb=>
```
### Create a table
Databases contain tables, which can be visualized as a spreadsheet. There's a series of rows (called *records* in a database) and columns. The intersection of a row and a column is called a *field*.
The Structured Query Language (SQL) is named after what it provides: A method to inquire about the contents of a database in a predictable and consistent syntax to receive useful results.
Currently, your database is empty, devoid of any tables. You can create a table with the `CREATE` query. It's useful to combine this with the `IF NOT EXISTS` statement, which prevents PostgreSQL from clobbering an existing table.
Before you createa table, think about what kind of data (the "data type" in SQL terminology) you anticipate the table to contain. In this example, I create a table with one column for a unique identifier and one column for some arbitrary text up to nine characters.
```
exampledb=> CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS my_sample_table(
exampledb(> id SERIAL,
exampledb(> wordlist VARCHAR(9) NOT NULL
);
```
The `SERIAL` keyword isn't actually a data type. It's [special notation in PostgreSQL][7] that creates an auto-incrementing integer field. The `VARCHAR` keyword is a data type indicating a variable number of characters within a limit. In this code, I've specified a maximum of 9 characters. There are lots of data types in PostgreSQL, so refer to the project documentation for a list of options.
### Insert data
You can populate your new table with some sample data by using the `INSERT` SQL keyword:
```
exampledb=> INSERT INTO my_sample_table (wordlist) VALUES ('Alice');
INSERT 0 1
```
Your data entry fails, should you attempt to put more than 9 characters into the `wordlist` field:
```
exampledb=> INSERT INTO my_sample_table (WORDLIST) VALUES ('Alexandria');
ERROR:  VALUE too long FOR TYPE CHARACTER VARYING(9)
```
### Alter a table or column
When you need to change a field definition, you use the `ALTER` SQL keyword. For instance, should you decide that a nine character limit for `wordlist`, you can increase its allowance by setting its data type:
```
exampledb=> ALTER TABLE my_sample_table
ALTER COLUMN wordlist SET DATA TYPE VARCHAR(10);
ALTER TABLE
exampledb=> INSERT INTO my_sample_table (WORDLIST) VALUES ('Alexandria');
INSERT 0 1
```
### View data in a table
SQL is a query language, so you view the contents of a database through queries. Queries can be simple, or it can involve joining complex relationships between several different tables. To see everything in a table, use the `SELECT` keyword on `*` (an asterisk is a wildcard):
```
exampledb=> SELECT * FROM my_sample_table;
 id |  wordlist
\----+------------
  1 | Alice
  2 | Bob
  3 | Alexandria
(3 ROWS)
```
### More data
PostgreSQL can handle a lot of data, but as with any database the key to success is how you design your database for storage and what you do with the data once you've got it stored. A relatively large public data set can be found on [OECD.org][8], and using this you can try some advanced database techniques.
First, download the data as comma-separated values (CSV) and save the file as `land-cover.csv` in your `Downloads` folder.
Browse the data in a text editor or spreadsheet application to get an idea of what columns there are, and what kind of data each column contains. Look at the data carefully and keep an eye out for exceptions to an apparent rule. For instance, the `COU` column, containing a country code such as `AUS` for Australia and `GRC` for Greece, tends to be 3 characters until the oddity `BRIICS`.
Once you understand the data you're working with, you can prepare a Postgres database:
```
$ createdb landcoverdb --owner bogus
$ psql --user bogus landcoverdb
landcoverdb=> create table land_cover(
country_code varchar(6),
country_name varchar(76),
small_subnational_region_code varchar(5),
small_subnational_region_name varchar(14),
large_subnational_region_code varchar(17),
large_subnational_region_name varchar(44),
measure_code varchar(13),
measure_name varchar(29),
land_cover_class_code varchar(17),
land_cover_class_name varchar(19),
year_code integer,
year_value integer,
unit_code varchar(3),
unit_name varchar(17),
power_code integer,
power_name varchar(9),
reference_period_code varchar(1),
reference_period_name varchar(1),
value float(8),
flag_codes varchar(1),
flag_names varchar(1));
```
### Importing data
Postgres can import CSV data directly using the special metacommand `\copy` :
```
landcoverdb=> \copy land_cover from '~/land-cover.csv' with csv header delimiter ','
COPY 22113
```
That's 22,113 records imported. Seems like a good start!
### Querying data
A broad `SELECT` statement to see all columns of all 22,113 records is possible, and Postgres very nicely pipes the output to a screen pager so you can scroll through the output at a leisurely pace. However, using advanced SQL you can get some useful views of what's otherwise some pretty raw data.
```
landcoverdb=> SELECT
    lcm.country_name,
    lcm.year_value,
    SUM(lcm.value) sum_value
FROM land_cover lcm
JOIN (
    SELECT
        country_name,
        large_subnational_region_name,
        small_subnational_region_name,
        MAX(year_value) max_year_value
    FROM land_cover
    GROUP BY country_name,
        large_subnational_region_name,
        small_subnational_region_name
) AS lcmyv
ON
    lcm.country_name = lcmyv.country_name AND
    lcm.large_subnational_region_name = lcmyv.large_subnational_region_name AND
    lcm.small_subnational_region_name = lcmyv.small_subnational_region_name AND
    lcm.year_value = lcmyv.max_year_value
GROUP BY lcm.country_name,
    lcm.large_subnational_region_name,
    lcm.small_subnational_region_name,
    lcm.year_value
ORDER BY country_name,
    year_value;
```
Here's some sample output:
```
\---------------+------------+------------
 Afghanistan    |       2019 |  743.48425
 Albania        |       2019 |  128.82532
 Algeria        |       2019 |  2417.3281
 American Samoa |       2019 |   100.2007
 Andorra        |       2019 |  100.45613
 Angola         |       2019 |  1354.2192
 Anguilla       |       2019 | 100.078514
 Antarctica     |       2019 |  12561.907
[...]
```
SQL is a rich langauge, and so it's beyond the scope of this article. Read through the SQL code and see if you can modify it to provide a different set of data.
### Open database
PostgreSQL is one of the great open source databases. With it, you can design repositories for structured data, and then use SQL to view it in different ways so you can gain fresh perspectives on that data. Postgres integrates with many languages, including Python, Lua, Groovy, Java, and more, so regardless of your toolset, you can probably make use of this excellent database.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/22/9/drop-your-database-for-postgresql
作者:[Seth Kenlon][a]
选题:[lkxed][b]
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/lenovo-thinkpad-laptop-concentration-focus-windows-office.png
[2]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/
[3]: https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/edge-computing/what-is-edge-computing?intcmp=7013a000002qLH8AAM
[4]: https://github.com/arcapos/luapgsql
[5]: https://www.postgresql.org/download/
[6]: https://opensource.com/article/21/4/sysadmins-love-systemd
[7]: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/datatype-numeric.html#DATATYPE-SERIAL
[8]: https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=LAND_COVER

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[#]: subject: "Wolfi is a Linux Un(distro) Built for Software Supply Chain Security"
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/wolfi-linux-undistro/"
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
Wolfi is a Linux Un(distro) Built for Software Supply Chain Security
======
Wolfi is a Linux undistro that focuses on resolving security issues with the software supply chain. Explore more here.
![Wolfi is a Linux Un(distro) Built for Software Supply Chain Security][1]
The software supply chain includes everything that goes into developing, building, storing, and running it and its dependencies.
As per the [State of the Software Supply Chain 2021 report][2], between 2020 and 2021 alone, attacks on the software supply chain increased by a shocking **650%**.
![][3]
That's a staggering percentage. 🤯
So, everyone in the industry, ranging from code platforms like [GitHub][4] to tech giants like Google, has been putting their best efforts into coming up with various initiatives to enhance the security of the software supply chain.
One of the examples include:
[Google Sponsors $1 Million to Fund Secure Open Source Program by The Linux Foundation][5]
📢 To join the efforts, [Chainguard][7], a security firm specializing in open-source software and cloud-native development, has introduced a **Linux distro designed to secure the software supply chain**.
💡 They call it an "**Undistro**" because it is not a full-fledged Linux distribution to run on bare metal.
Instead, it is a **container-focused Linux distribution**. So, let me tell you more about it.
### Wolfi: A Container-specific Linux Distribution
The worlds smallest Octopus is named Wolfi, which inspired them to use the same to represent minimalism to flexibility for this Linux distribution.
Wolfi aims to address issues with containers, which are mainly used to build and ship software.
Furthermore, Chainguard mentions that there are several issues with running containers; some include:
* Running vulnerable container images.
* Distributions used in container lag behind upstream versions.
* Container images include more software than needed, increasing the attack surface.
* Not designed to meet compliance requirements or standards like [SLSA][8].
So, Wolfi is a distro that aims to solve these problems by being a solution **designed for container/cloud-native environments**while **minimizing dependencies** as much as possible.
It provides a secure foundation that reduces the effort/time to review and mitigate security vulnerabilities while increasing productivity.
Chainguard explains this as follows:
> Building a new, container-specific distribution offers the chance to vastly simplify things by dropping support for traditional distribution features that are now irrelevant (like packaging Linux itself!), and other things like SBOMs become simpler when we can build them in from the start. We can also embrace the immutable nature of containers and avoid package updates altogether, instead preferring to rebuild from scratch with new versions.
### Key Features of Wolfi
To achieve its purpose, Wolfi has a few key highlights for you to encourage using it:
* Provides a high-quality, build-time SBOM as standard for all packages.
* Packages are designed to be granular and independent, to support minimal images.
* Uses the proven and reliable APK package format.
* Fully declarative and reproducible build system.
* Designed to support glibc and musl.
If you are not familiar with the securing software supply chain, this might go over your head.
![Securing your software supply chain][11]
So, I suggest looking at [Wikipedia][12] to understand the terms. The video above should also help you learn more.
### Try Wolfi
To try Chainguard images using the Wolfi undistro, you can head to its [GitHub page][13] to find all the technical instructions.
[Try Wolfi][14]
💬 *What do you think about Wolfi? Do you think it will solve the problem of securing the software supply chain? Let us know your thoughts in the comments.*
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/wolfi-linux-undistro/
作者:[Ankush Das][a]
选题:[lkxed][b]
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1200/2022/09/wolfi-distro-software-supply-chain-security.png
[2]: https://www.sonatype.com/resources/state-of-the-software-supply-chain-2021
[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/09/software-chain-attacks.jpg
[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/gitlab-open-source-tool-malicious-code/
[5]: https://news.itsfoss.com/google-sos-sponsor/
[7]: https://www.chainguard.dev/
[8]: https://slsa.dev/
[11]: https://youtu.be/Dg-hD4HHKT8
[12]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_supply_chain
[13]: https://github.com/chainguard-images/
[14]: https://github.com/chainguard-images/
[15]: https://www.humblebundle.com/books/linux-no-starch-press-books?partner=itsfoss

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@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
[#]: subject: "3 ways to use the Linux inxi command"
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/9/linux-inxi-command"
[#]: author: "Don Watkins https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
Linux inxi 命令的 3 种使用方法
======
我在 Linux 上使用 inxi 来检查我的笔记本电脑电池、CPU 信息,甚至天气。
![Coding on a computer][1]
当我在查询有关笔记本电脑电池健康状况的信息时,我偶然发现了 `inxi`。它是一个命令行系统信息工具,可提供有关你的 Linux 计算机(无论是笔记本电脑、台式机还是服务器)的大量信息。
`inxi` 命令使用 GPLv3 [许可][2],许多 Linux 发行版都包含它。根据它的 Git 存储库“inxi 努力支持最广泛的操作系统和硬件,从最简单的消费台式机到最先进的专业硬件和服务器。”
文档很完善,并且该项目在线维护了完整的[手册页][3]。安装后,你可以使用 `man inxi` 命令访问系统上的手册页。
### 在 Linux 上安装 inxi
通常,你可以从发行版的软件仓库或应用中心安装 `inxi`。例如,在 Fedora、CentOS、Mageia 或类似发行版上:
```
$ sudo dnf install inxi
```
在 Debian、Elementary、Linux Mint 或类似发行版上:
```
$ sudo apt install inxi
```
你可以在[此处][4]找到有关 Linux 发行版安装选项的更多信息。
### 在 Linux 上使用 inxi 的 3 种方法
当你安装了 `inxi`,你可以探索它的所有选项。有许多选项可帮助你了解有关系统的更多信息。最基本的命令提供了系统的基本概览:
```
$ inxi -b
System:
Host: pop-os Kernel: 5.19.0-76051900-generic x86_64 bits: 64
Desktop: GNOME 42.3.1 Distro: Pop!_OS 22.04 LTS
Machine:
Type: Laptop System: HP product: Dev One Notebook PC v: N/A
serial: <superuser required>
Mobo: HP model: 8A78 v: KBC Version 01.03 serial: <superuser required>
UEFI: Insyde v: F.05 date: 06/14/2022
Battery:
ID-1: BATT charge: 50.6 Wh (96.9%) condition: 52.2/53.2 Wh (98.0%)
CPU:
Info: 8-core AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 5850U with Radeon Graphics [MT MCP]
speed (MHz): avg: 915 min/max: 400/4507
Graphics:
Device-1: AMD Cezanne driver: amdgpu v: kernel
Device-2: Quanta HP HD Camera type: USB driver: uvcvideo
Display: x11 server: X.Org v: 1.21.1.3 driver: X: loaded: amdgpu,ati
unloaded: fbdev,modesetting,radeon,vesa gpu: amdgpu
resolution: 1920x1080~60Hz
OpenGL:
renderer: AMD RENOIR (LLVM 13.0.1 DRM 3.47 5.19.0-76051900-generic)
v: 4.6 Mesa 22.0.5
Network:
Device-1: Realtek RTL8822CE 802.11ac PCIe Wireless Network Adapter
driver: rtw_8822ce
Drives:
Local Storage: total: 953.87 GiB used: 75.44 GiB (7.9%)
Info:
Processes: 347 Uptime: 15m Memory: 14.96 GiB used: 2.91 GiB (19.4%)
Shell: Bash inxi: 3.3.13
```
### 1. 显示电池状态
你可以使用 `-B` 选项检查电池健康状况。结果显示系统电池 ID、充电情况和其他信息
```
$ inxi -B
Battery:
ID-1: BATT charge: 44.3 Wh (85.2%) condition: 52.0/53.2 Wh (97.7%)
```
### 2. 显示 CPU 信息
使用 `-C` 选项了解有关 CPU 的更多信息:
```
$ inxi -C
CPU:
Info: 8-core model: AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 5850U with Radeon Graphics bits: 64
type: MT MCP cache: L2: 4 MiB
Speed (MHz): avg: 400 min/max: 400/4507 cores: 1: 400 2: 400 3: 400
4: 400 5: 400 6: 400 7: 400 8: 400 9: 400 10: 400 11: 400 12: 400 13: 400
14: 400 15: 400 16: 400
```
`inxi` 的输出默认使用彩色文本。你可以根据需要使用“颜色开关”进行更改以提高可读性。
命令选项是 `-c` 后跟 0 到 42 之间的任意数字以适合你的习惯。
```
$ inxi -c 42
```
以下是使用颜色 5 和 7 的几个不同选项的示例:
![inxi -c 5 command][5]
该软件可以使用 Linux 系统中的传感器显示硬件温度、风扇速度和有关系统的其他信息。输入 `inxi -s` 并读取以下结果:
![inxi -s][6]
### 3. 组合选项
如果支持,你可以组合 `inxi` 的选项以获得复杂的输出。例如,`inxi -S` 提供系统信息,`-v` 提供详细输出。将两者结合起来可以得到以下结果:
```
$ inxi -S
System:
Host: pop-os Kernel: 5.19.0-76051900-generic x86_64 bits: 64
Desktop: GNOME 42.3.1 Distro: Pop!_OS 22.04 LTS
$ inxi -Sv
CPU: 8-core AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 5850U with Radeon Graphics (-MT MCP-)
speed/min/max: 634/400/4507 MHz Kernel: 5.19.0-76051900-generic x86_64
Up: 20m Mem: 3084.2/15318.5 MiB (20.1%) Storage: 953.87 GiB (7.9% used)
Procs: 346 Shell: Bash inxi: 3.3.13
```
### 额外功能:查看天气
`inxi` 可以收集到的信息并不只有你的电脑。使用 `-w` 选项,你还可以获取你所在地区的天气信息:
```
$ inxi -w
Weather:
Report: temperature: 14 C (57 F) conditions: Clear sky
Locale: Wellington, G2, NZL
current time: Tue 30 Aug 2022 16:28:14 (Pacific/Auckland)
Source: WeatherBit.io
```
你可以通过指定你想要的城市和国家以及 `-W` 来获取世界其他地区的天气信息:
```
$ inxi -W rome,italy
Weather:
Report: temperature: 20 C (68 F) conditions: Clear sky
Locale: Rome, Italy current time: Tue 30 Aug 2022 06:29:52
Source: WeatherBit.io
```
### 总结
有许多很棒的工具可以收集有关你的计算机的信息。 我根据机器、桌面或我的心情使用不同的。 你最喜欢的系统信息工具是什么?
图片来源Don WatkinsCC BY-SA 4.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/22/9/linux-inxi-command
作者:[Don Watkins][a]
选题:[lkxed][b]
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/code_computer_laptop_hack_work.png
[2]: https://github.com/smxi/inxi/blob/master/LICENSE.txt
[3]: https://smxi.org/docs/inxi-man.htm
[4]: https://smxi.org/docs/inxi-installation.htm#inxi-repo-install
[5]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-09/inxi-c5.png
[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-09/inxi-s.png