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Merge pull request #21814 from wxy/20210504-Keep-multiple-Linux-distros-on-a-USB-with-this-open-source-tool
TSL&PRF:sources/tech/20210504 Keep multiple Linux distros on a USB with this open source tool.md
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[#]: subject: (Keep multiple Linux distros on a USB with this open source tool)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/5/linux-ventoy)
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[#]: author: (Don Watkins https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins)
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (wxy)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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Keep multiple Linux distros on a USB with this open source tool
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======
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Create a multiboot USB drive with Ventoy, and you'll never be without
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your favorite Linux distros.
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![USB drive][1]
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Giving friends and neighbors a bootable USB drive containing your favorite Linux distribution is a great way to introduce neophyte Linux users to the experience we all enjoy. There are still a large number of folks who have never heard of Linux, and putting your favorite distribution on a bootable USB drive is a great way to break the ice.
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A few years ago, I was teaching an introductory computer class to a group of middle schoolers. We used old laptops, and I introduced the students to Fedora, Ubuntu, and Pop!_OS. When the class was over, I gave each student a copy of their favorite distribution to take home and install on a computer of their choice. They were eager to try their new skills at home.
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### Put multiple distros on one drive
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Recently, a friend introduced me to Ventoy, which (according to its [GitHub repository][2]) is "an open source tool to create bootable a USB drive for ISO/WIM/IMG/VHD(x)/EFI files." Instead of creating separate drives for each Linux distribution I want to share, I can create a single drive with _all_ my favorite Linux distributions on the drive!
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![USB space][3]
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(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4])
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As you might expect, a USB drive's size will determine how many distributions you can fit onto it. On a 16GB drive, I placed Elementary 5.1, Linux Mint Cinnamon 5.1, and Linux Mint XFCE 5.1… and still have 9.9GB free.
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### Get Ventoy
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Ventoy is open source with a [GPL v3][5] license and available for Windows and Linux. There is excellent documentation to download and install Ventoy on Microsoft Windows. The Linux installation happens from the command line, so it can be a little confusing if you're not familiar with that process. Yet, it's easier than it might seem.
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First, [download Ventoy][6]. I downloaded the archive file to my desktop.
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Next, extract the `ventoy-x.y.z-linux.tar.gz` archive (but replace `x.y.z` with your download's version number) using the `tar` command (to keep things simple, I use the `*` character as an infinite wildcard in the command):
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```
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`$ tar -xvf ventoy*z`
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```
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This command extracts all the necessary files into a folder named `ventoy-x.y.z` on my desktop.
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You can also use your Linux distribution's archive manager to accomplish the same task. After the download and extraction are complete, you are ready to install Ventoy to your USB drive.
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### Install Ventoy and Linux on a USB
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Insert your USB drive into your computer. Change directory into the Ventoy folder, and look for a shell script named `Ventoy2Disk.sh`. You need to determine your USB drive's correct mount point for this script to work properly. You can find it by issuing the `mount` command on the command line or with the [GNOME Disks][7] command, which provides a graphical interface. The latter shows that my USB drive is mounted at `/dev/sda`. On your computer, the location could be `/dev/sdb` or `/dev/sdc` or something similar.
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![USB mount point in GNOME Disks][8]
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(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4])
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The next step is to execute the Ventoy shell script. Because it's designed to copy data onto a drive indiscriminately, I'm using a fake location (`/dev/sdx`) to foil copy/paste errors, so replace the trailing `x` with the letter of the actual drive you want to overwrite.
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_Let me reiterate:_ This shell script is designed to copy data to a drive, _destroying all data on that drive._ If there is data you care about on the drive, back it up before trying this! If you're not sure about your drive's location, verify it until you're absolutely sure before you proceed!
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Once you're sure of your drive's location, run the script:
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```
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`$ sudo sh Ventoy2Disk.sh -i /dev/sdX`
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```
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This formats the drive and installs Ventoy to your USB. Now you can copy and paste all the Linux distributions that will fit on the drive. If you boot the newly created drive on your computer, you'll see a menu with the distributions you have copied to your USB drive.
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![Linux distros in Ventoy][9]
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(Don Watkins, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4])
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### Build a portable powerhouse
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Ventoy is your key to carrying a multiboot drive on your keychain, so you'll never be without the distributions you rely on. You can have a full-featured desktop, a lightweight distro, a console-only maintenance utility, _and_ anything else you want.
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I never leave the house without a Linux distro anymore, and neither should you. Grab Ventoy, a USB drive, and a handful of ISOs. You won't be sorry.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/21/5/linux-ventoy
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作者：[Don Watkins][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/markus-winkler-usb-unsplash.jpg?itok=5ZXDp0V4 (USB drive)
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[2]: https://github.com/ventoy/Ventoy
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[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/ventoy1.png (USB space)
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[4]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
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[5]: https://www.ventoy.net/en/doc_license.html
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[6]: https://github.com/ventoy/Ventoy/releases
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[7]: https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Disks
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[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/usb-mountpoint.png (USB mount point in GNOME Disks)
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[9]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/ventoy_distros.jpg (Linux distros in Ventoy)
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@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
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[#]: subject: (Keep multiple Linux distros on a USB with this open source tool)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/5/linux-ventoy)
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[#]: author: (Don Watkins https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins)
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (wxy)
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[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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神器：在一个 U 盘上放入多个 Linux 发行版
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======
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> 用 Ventoy 创建多启动 U 盘，你将永远不会缺少自己喜欢的 Linux 发行版。
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给朋友和邻居一个可启动 U 盘，里面包含你最喜欢的 Linux 发行版，是向 Linux 新手介绍我们都喜欢的 Linux 体验的好方法。仍然有许多人从未听说过 Linux，把你喜欢的发行版放在一个可启动的 U 盘上是让他们进入 Linux 世界的好办法。
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几年前，我在给一群中学生教授计算机入门课。我们使用旧笔记本电脑，我向学生们介绍了 Fedora、Ubuntu 和 Pop!_OS。下课后，我给每个学生一份他们喜欢的发行版的副本，让他们带回家安装在自己选择的电脑上。他们渴望在家里尝试他们的新技能。
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### 把多个发行版放在一个驱动器上
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最近，一个朋友向我介绍了 Ventoy，它（根据其 [GitHub 仓库][2]）是 “一个开源工具，可以为 ISO/WIM/IMG/VHD(x)/EFI 文件创建可启动的 USB 驱动器”。与其为每个我想分享的 Linux 发行版创建单独的驱动器，我可以在一个 U 盘上放入我喜欢的 _所有_ Linux 发行版！
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![USB 空间][3]
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正如你所能想到的那样，U 盘的大小决定了你能在上面容纳多少个发行版。在一个 16GB 的 U 盘上，我放置了 Elementary 5.1、Linux Mint Cinnamon 5.1 和 Linux Mint XFCE 5.1......但仍然有 9.9GB 的空间。
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### 获取 Ventoy
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Ventoy 是开源的，采用 [GPLv3][5] 许可证，可用于 Windows 和 Linux。有很好的文档介绍了如何在 Windows 上下载和安装 Ventoy。Linux 的安装是通过命令行进行的，所以如果你不熟悉这个过程，可能会有点混乱。然而，其实很容易。
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首先，[下载 Ventoy][6]。我把存档文件下载到我的桌面上。
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接下来，使用 `tar` 命令解压 `ventoy-x.y.z-linux.tar.gz` 档案（但要用你下载的版本号替换 `x.y.z`）（为了保持简单，我在命令中使用 `*` 字符作为任意通配符）：
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```
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$ tar -xvf ventoy*z
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```
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这个命令将所有必要的文件提取到我桌面上一个名为 `ventoy-x.y.z` 的文件夹中。
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你也可以使用你的 Linux 发行版的存档管理器来完成同样的任务。下载和提取完成后，你就可以把 Ventoy 安装到你的 U 盘上了。
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### 在 U 盘上安装 Ventoy 和 Linux
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把你的 U 盘插入你的电脑。改变目录进入 Ventoy 的文件夹，并寻找一个名为 `Ventoy2Disk.sh` 的 shell 脚本。你需要确定你的 U 盘的正确挂载点，以便这个脚本能够正常工作。你可以通过在命令行上发出 `mount` 命令或者使用 [GNOME 磁盘][7] 来找到它，后者提供了一个图形界面。后者显示我的 U 盘被挂载在 `/dev/sda`。在你的电脑上，这个位置可能是 `/dev/sdb` 或 `/dev/sdc` 或类似的位置。
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![GNOME 磁盘中的 USB 挂载点][8]
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下一步是执行 Ventoy shell 脚本。因为它被设计成不加选择地复制数据到一个驱动器上，我使用了一个假的位置（`/dev/sdX`）来防止你复制/粘贴错误，所以用你想覆盖的实际驱动器的字母替换后面的 `X`。
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**让我重申**：这个 shell 脚本的目的是把数据复制到一个驱动器上， _破坏该驱动器上的所有数据。_ 如果该驱动器上有你关心的数据，在尝试这个方法之前，先把它备份! 如果你不确定你的驱动器的位置，在你继续进行之前，请验证它，直到你完全确定为止。
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一旦你确定了你的驱动器的位置，就运行这个脚本：
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```
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$ sudo sh Ventoy2Disk.sh -i /dev/sdX
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```
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这样就可以格式化它并将 Ventoy 安装到你的 U 盘上。现在你可以复制和粘贴所有适合放在 U 盘上的 Linux 发行版文件。如果你在电脑上用新创建的 U 盘引导，你会看到一个菜单，上面有你复制到 U 盘上的发行版。
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![Ventoy中的Linux发行版][9]
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### 构建一个便携式的动力源
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Ventoy 是你在钥匙串上携带多启动 U 盘的关键（钥匙），这样你就永远不会缺少你所依赖的发行版。你可以拥有一个全功能的桌面、一个轻量级的发行版、一个纯控制台的维护工具，以及其他你想要的东西。
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我从来没有在没有 Linux 发行版的情况下离开家，你也不应该。拿上 Ventoy、一个 U 盘，和一串 ISO。你不会后悔的。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/21/5/linux-ventoy
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作者：[Don Watkins][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/markus-winkler-usb-unsplash.jpg?itok=5ZXDp0V4 (USB drive)
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[2]: https://github.com/ventoy/Ventoy
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[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/ventoy1.png (USB space)
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[4]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
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[5]: https://www.ventoy.net/en/doc_license.html
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[6]: https://github.com/ventoy/Ventoy/releases
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[7]: https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Disks
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[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/usb-mountpoint.png (USB mount point in GNOME Disks)
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[9]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/ventoy_distros.jpg (Linux distros in Ventoy)
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