diff --git a/sources/tech/20180509 How to kill a process or stop a program in Linux.md b/sources/tech/20180509 How to kill a process or stop a program in Linux.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0933cee5a6..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20180509 How to kill a process or stop a program in Linux.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,123 +0,0 @@ -apply for translation. - -How to kill a process or stop a program in Linux -====== - -![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/x_stop_terminate_program_kill.jpg?itok=9rM8i9x8) -When a process misbehaves, you might sometimes want to terminate or kill it. In this post, we'll explore a few ways to terminate a process or an application from the command line as well as from a graphical interface, using [gedit][1] as a sample application. - -### Using the command line/termination characters - -#### Ctrl + C - -One problem invoking `gedit` from the command line (if you are not using `gedit &`) is that it will not free up the prompt, so that shell session is blocked. In such cases, Ctrl+C (the Control key in combination with 'C') comes in handy. That will terminate `gedit` and all work will be lost (unless the file was saved). Ctrl+C sends the `SIGINT` signal to `gedit`. This is a stop signal whose default action is to terminate the process. It instructs the shell to stop `gedit` and return to the main loop, and you'll get the prompt back. -``` -$ gedit - -^C - -``` - -#### Ctrl + Z - -This is called a suspend character. It sends a `SIGTSTP` signal to process. This is also a stop signal, but the default action is not to kill but to suspend the process. - -It will stop (kill/terminate) `gedit` and return the shell prompt. -``` -   $ gedit - -   ^Z - -   [1]+  Stopped                 gedit - -   $ - -``` - -Once the process is suspended (in this case, `gedit`), it is not possible to write or do anything in `gedit`. In the background, the process becomes a job. This can be verified by the `jobs` command. -``` -  $ jobs - -  [1]+  Stopped                 gedit - -``` - -`jobs` allows you to control multiple processes within a single shell session. You can stop, resume, and move jobs to the background or foreground as needed. - -Let's resume `gedit` in the background and free up a prompt to run other commands. You can do this using the `bg` command, followed by job ID (notice `[1]` from the output of `jobs` above. `[1]` is the job ID). -``` -   $ bg 1 - -   [1]+ gedit & - -``` - -This is similar to starting `gedit` with `&,`: -``` -   $ gedit & - -``` - -### Using kill - -`kill` allows fine control over signals, enabling you to signal a process by specifying either a signal name or a signal number, followed by a process ID, or PID. - -What I like about `kill` is that it can also work with job IDs. Let's start `gedit` in the background using `gedit &`. Assuming I have a job ID of `gedit` from the `jobs` command, let's send `SIGINT` to `gedit`: -``` -   $ kill -s SIGINT %1 - -``` - -Note that the job ID should be prefixed with `%`, or `kill` will consider it a PID. - -`kill` can work without specifying a signal explicitly. In that case, the default action is to send `SIGTERM`, which will terminate the process. Execute `kill -l` to list all signal names, and use the `man kill` command to read the man page. - -### Using killall - -If you don't want to specify a job ID or PID, `killall` lets you specify a process by name. The simplest way to terminate `gedit` using `killall` is: -``` -   $ killall gedit - -``` - -This will kill all the processes with the name `gedit`. Like `kill`, the default signal is `SIGTERM`. It has the option to ignore case using `-I`: -``` -   $ gedit & - -   [1] 14852 - - - -   $ killall -I GEDIT - -   [1]+  Terminated              gedit - -``` - -To learn more about various flags provided by `killall` (such as `-u`, which allows you to kill user-owned processes) check the man page (`man killall`) - -### Using xkill - -Have you ever encountered an issue where a media player, such as [VLC][2], grayed out or hung? Now you can find the PID and kill the application using one of the commands listed above or use `xkill`. - -![Using xkill][3] - -`xkill` allows you to kill a window using a mouse. Simply execute `xkill` in a terminal, which should change the mouse cursor to an **x** or a tiny skull icon. Click **x** on the window you want to close. Be careful using `xkill`, though—as its man page explains, it can be dangerous. You have been warned! - -Refer to the man page of each command for more information. You can also explore commands like `pkill` and `pgrep`. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://opensource.com/article/18/5/how-kill-process-stop-program-linux - -作者：[Sachin Patil][a] -选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]:https://opensource.com/users/psachin -[1]:https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Gedit -[2]:https://www.videolan.org/vlc/index.html -[3]:https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/uploads/xkill_gedit.png?itok=TBvMw0TN (Using xkill) diff --git a/translated/tech/20180509 How to kill a process or stop a program in Linux.md b/translated/tech/20180509 How to kill a process or stop a program in Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..93a56e782d --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20180509 How to kill a process or stop a program in Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ +如何在 Linux 系统中结束结束进程或是中止程序 +====== + +![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/x_stop_terminate_program_kill.jpg?itok=9rM8i9x8) + +进程出错的时候，您可能会想要中止或是中断这个进程。本文，我们将在命令行和图形界面中探索进程或是应用程序的中断，这里我们使用 [gedit][1] 作为样例程序。 + +### 使用命令行、终端字符 + +#### Ctrl + C + +在命令行中调用 `gedit` （如果您没有使用 `gedit &` 命令）程序发生错误时，shell 会话被阻塞，将不会释放出相应的错误提示，此下，`Ctrl + C` （Ctrl 和 C 的组合键） 会很管用。`gedit` 会被中断，由于 `Ctrl + C` 给 `gedit` 发送了 `SIGINT` 信号，之前的所有工作都将丢失（除非文件已经被保存）。`SIGINT` 是一个会默认执行进程中断的终止信号，它将指示 shell 终止 `gedit` 的运行，并返回到主函数的循环中，此时，您将得到提示语。 + +``` +$ gedit +^C +``` + +#### Ctrl + Z + +它被称为挂起字符，能够为进程发送 `SIGTSTP` 信号。它也是一个中止信号，但是默认行为不是杀死进程，而是挂起进程。 + +下面的命令将会停止（杀死/中断） `gedit` 的运行，并返回 shell 提示。 +``` +   $ gedit +   ^Z +   [1]+  Stopped                 gedit +   $ +``` + +一旦进程被挂起（以 `gedit` 为例），将不能在 `gedit` 中做任何事情。而在后台，该进程任然是一个作业，可以使用 `jsbs` 命令验证。 +``` +  $ jobs +  [1]+  Stopped                 gedit +``` + +`jobs` 允许您在单个 shell 会话中控制多个进程。您可以在前台或是后台终止，恢复或是移动作业。 + +让我们在后台恢复 `gedit`，释放提示并运行其它命令吧。您可以根据作业 ID（注意，`jobs` 命令显示出来的 `[1]` 就是作业 ID）使用 `bg` 命令恢复进程。 +``` +   $ bg 1 +   [1]+ gedit & +``` + +这和直接使用 `gedit &` 启动程序效果差不多： +``` +   $ gedit & +``` + +### 使用 kill + +`kill` 命令提供信号的精确控制，允许您通过进程 ID 或是 PID，根据特定的信号名或是信号数字为进程发送信号。 + +`kill` 命令能够根据作业 ID 控制进程，这一点是我喜欢的。让我们使用 `gedit &` 命令在后台开启 `gedit` 服务。假设通过 `jobs` 命令我得到了一个 `gedit` 的作业 ID，让我们为 `gedit` 发送 `SIGINT` 信号吧： +``` +   $ kill -s SIGINT %1 +``` + +作业 ID 需要使用 `%` 前缀，不然 `kill` 会将其视作 PID。 + +不明确指定的信号，`kill` 仍然可以工作。此时，默认会发送能中断进程的 `SIGTERM` 信号。执行 `kill -l` 查看信号名列表，使用 `man kill` 命令阅读手册。 + +### 使用 killall + +如果您不想使用特定的工作 ID 或者 PID，`killall` 允许您使用特定的进程名。中断 `gedit` 最简单的 `killall` 使用方式是： +``` +   $ killall gedit +``` + +它将终止所有名为 `gedit` 的进程。和 `kill` 想死，默认发送的信号时 `SIGTERM`。 +This will kill all the processes with the name `gedit`. Like `kill`, the default signal is `SIGTERM`. 使用 `-I` 选项忽略大小写。 +``` +   $ gedit & +   [1] 14852 + +   $ killall -I GEDIT +   [1]+  Terminated              gedit +``` + +查看手册学习更多 `killall` 命令选项（如 `-u`）。 + +### 使用 xkill + +您是否遇见过播放器崩溃，比如 [VLC][2] 灰屏或挂起？现在，获得程序 PID 之后，您就可以使用 `xkill` 命令终止应用程序。 + +![Using xkill][3] + +`xkill` 允许您使用鼠标关闭窗口。仅需在终端执行 `xkill` 命令，它将会改变鼠标光标为一个 **X** 或是一个骷髅图标。点击您想关闭的进程窗口上的 **X**。小心使用 `xkill`，如手册描述的一致，它很危险。我已经提醒过您了！ + +参阅手册，了解上述命令更多信息。您还可以接续探索 `pkill` 和 `pgrep` 命令。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/18/5/how-kill-process-stop-program-linux + +作者：[Sachin Patil][a] +选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) +译者：[CYLeft](https://github.com/CYLeft) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:https://opensource.com/users/psachin +[1]:https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Gedit +[2]:https://www.videolan.org/vlc/index.html +[3]:https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/uploads/xkill_gedit.png?itok=TBvMw0TN (Using xkill)