From 5d102a4b42e8c5c316657f39ab9dea13fa66b0af Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: icybreaker Date: Thu, 10 Apr 2014 20:58:41 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 001/601] translating by icybreaker --- ...Offers Artists Chance to Feature on Millions of Desktops.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/Ubuntu Wallpaper Contest Offers Artists Chance to Feature on Millions of Desktops.md b/sources/Ubuntu Wallpaper Contest Offers Artists Chance to Feature on Millions of Desktops.md index cd48e01283..5d56a9c23a 100644 --- a/sources/Ubuntu Wallpaper Contest Offers Artists Chance to Feature on Millions of Desktops.md +++ b/sources/Ubuntu Wallpaper Contest Offers Artists Chance to Feature on Millions of Desktops.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +Translating by icybreaker Ubuntu Wallpaper Contest Offers Artists Chance to Feature on Millions of Desktops ================================================================================ **Ubuntu is giving amateur and professional artists alike the chance to have their work seen by millions of people across the world.** @@ -40,4 +41,4 @@ via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/02/ubuntu-14-04-lts-wallpaper-contest [1]:http://hungfu.wordpress.com/2014/02/10/ubuntu-14-04-needs-a-splash-of-colour-and-you-can-help/ [2]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/02/ubuntu-14-04-wallpaper-contest-changes [3]:http://www.flickr.com/groups/2535978@N21 -[4]:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ \ No newline at end of file +[4]:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ From 916212233d2a119c645cc40bce167fa7568616d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: linuhap Date: Tue, 6 May 2014 15:16:40 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 002/601] Update Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Daily Images Now Available for Download.md --- ...(Utopic Unicorn) Daily Images Now Available for Download.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Daily Images Now Available for Download.md b/sources/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Daily Images Now Available for Download.md index df2233f02b..19f4fa11ae 100644 --- a/sources/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Daily Images Now Available for Download.md +++ b/sources/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Daily Images Now Available for Download.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +linuhap翻译中 Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Daily Images Now Available for Download ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-14-10-Utopic-Unicorn-Daily-Images-Now-Available-for-Download-439725-2.jpg) @@ -28,4 +29,4 @@ via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-14-10-Utopic-Unicorn-Daily-Images-Now 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 -[1]:http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/daily-live/current/ \ No newline at end of file +[1]:http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/daily-live/current/ From dbace503b0a822b0f489bbe6d04212d283099556 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Luoxcat Date: Tue, 6 May 2014 19:58:08 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 003/601] Translating by Luoxcat --- .../talk/10 Linux Platforms Meant For Embedded Systems.md | 7 ++++--- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/10 Linux Platforms Meant For Embedded Systems.md b/sources/talk/10 Linux Platforms Meant For Embedded Systems.md index 27b2d040a7..c47ab5d26f 100644 --- a/sources/talk/10 Linux Platforms Meant For Embedded Systems.md +++ b/sources/talk/10 Linux Platforms Meant For Embedded Systems.md @@ -1,5 +1,6 @@ -10 Linux Platforms Meant For Embedded Systems -================================================================================ +这年头 就是要多占坑 No grown-ups will ever understand that this is a matter of so much importance! +10 Linux Platforms Meant For Embedded Systems +========================================== Linux has a wide variety of uses. The platform is used by many for simple home use, while it is also the chosen platform for programmers and hackers. In addition, Linux is widely used in embedded systems and there are distributions that are tailored specifically to such systems. Here are 10 Linux platforms that can work great on embedded systems! ![](http://www.efytimes.com/admin/useradmin/photo/UJVP24130PM532014.jpeg) @@ -61,4 +62,4 @@ via: http://www.efytimes.com/e1/fullnews.asp?edid=137612 [7]:http://www.myelux.com/index.htm?Unicon_Session=32bf53f198c94ba2ac2ce1ea45211754 [8]:http://www.myelux.com/eluxng.htm [9]:http://www.myelux.com/eluxng.htm -[10]:http://www.emdebian.org/ \ No newline at end of file +[10]:http://www.emdebian.org/ From ad3e17676734365982297e655f2adae92c9f10e6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Linchenguang <1573453077@qq.com> Date: Tue, 6 May 2014 22:03:16 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 004/601] =?UTF-8?q?[translating]Daily=20Ubuntu=20Tips=20?= =?UTF-8?q?=E2=80=93=20Identify=20Folders=20By=20Colors=20In=20Ubuntu?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...aily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md b/sources/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md index 331d8260a8..ffabd2c7fc 100644 --- a/sources/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md +++ b/sources/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +{Translating}Linchenguang +======================================================= Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu ================================================================================ Here’s a brief tip that will show you how to identify folders by colors in Ubuntu 14.04 or previous with this nifty tool. This tool which is called **Folder Color**, allows users to change the color of folders in Nautilus so they could easily indentify and distinguish them from others. @@ -59,4 +61,4 @@ via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2014/04/daily-ubuntu-tips-identify-folders-by-c [17]: [18]: [19]: -[20]: \ No newline at end of file +[20]: From 7b4bb35c9b1f6f3515fa8eeb5de04cb824f942c7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Tue, 6 May 2014 23:17:49 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 005/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AHow=20to=20s?= =?UTF-8?q?peed=20read=20on=20Linux?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../tech => published}/How to speed read on Linux.md | 12 ++++++------ 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/How to speed read on Linux.md (51%) diff --git a/translated/tech/How to speed read on Linux.md b/published/How to speed read on Linux.md similarity index 51% rename from translated/tech/How to speed read on Linux.md rename to published/How to speed read on Linux.md index 8721b70303..d1fb5e8855 100644 --- a/translated/tech/How to speed read on Linux.md +++ b/published/How to speed read on Linux.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ =============================== 你听说过“快速阅读”吗？说实话我也没有。直到一个名叫Spritz的新型公司[筹集了350万种子基金][1]来开发使用户能够实现每分钟阅读1000个单词的一个API。 -“快速阅读”的概念十分简单：将一文本分割成一个个独立短小的部分，像一两个单词，然后使这些部分迅速地闪过屏幕。在这一阅读过程中，读者的眼睛完全不需要运动，从而减少读者平常阅读中花费的不必要的浏览页面的时间。因为这是一件相对较新的技术，我们完全不知道在这样的阅读速度下，你的大脑是否会爆炸或者崩溃。不，实际上[这技术是十分安全的][2]，因为你的大脑运行地足够快来处理这些信息。这个API应该会变得十分顺手一旦人们习惯了这种阅读方式。相比你像我一样已经对这项技术的到来已经激动万分了，但我并不想等待，而是更快地习惯这种阅读方式。好消息是：现在你就可以在你最喜爱的操作系统下尝试“快速阅读”了。 +“快速阅读”的概念十分简单：将一文本分割成一个个独立短小的部分，像一两个单词，然后使这些部分迅速地闪过屏幕。在这一阅读过程中，读者的眼睛完全不需要运动，从而减少读者平常阅读中花费的不必要的浏览页面的时间。因为这是一件相对较新的技术，没人知道在这样的阅读速度下，你的大脑是否会爆炸或者崩溃。不过，实际上[这技术是十分安全的][2]，因为你的大脑运行地足够快来处理这些信息。一旦人们习惯了这种阅读方式，这种方式会变得十分方便。想必你像我一样已经对这项技术的到来已经激动万分了，但我并不想等待，而是更快地习惯这种阅读方式。好消息是：现在你就可以在你最喜爱的操作系统下尝试“快速阅读”了。 ### 1. Spread0r### @@ -20,25 +20,25 @@ ![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7330/13750836154_34774f1a69_z.jpg) -出电子书以及word文档之外，我在电脑中阅读最多的就是来自网络的文章了（是的，只是一个meta）。但是事情会变得十分麻烦如果我需要复制并黏贴我需要阅读的文本到一个文本编辑器中，将其保存为一个txt文档，然后用Spread0r打开。幸运的是，Chrome的一个拓展程序[Spread][5]会为我们处理这个需求。在你的Chrome浏览器中安装并启用Spread之后，你只需要选择你想要“快速阅读”的文本，在选取内右击，然后选择“Spreed selected text.”这个拓展程序会开启一个新窗口，你选择的文本就会在那个窗口中为你进行快速阅读。我喜欢这个和Chrome的整合，以及这个拓展程序中所包含的思想。比如说，你可以选择窗口的配色，一次快速阅读的文本量，字体大小，通过空格键控制的开始以及暂停，你甚至可以进行高于4,000词每分钟的快速阅读（但这已经不是快速阅读了，你只能看到零星的闪烁）。 +除电子书以及word文档之外，我在电脑中阅读最多的就是来自网络的文章了（是的，就是这样）。如果我需要复制并黏贴我需要阅读的文本到一个文本编辑器中，将其保存为一个txt文档，然后用Spread0r打开，这样事情会变得太麻烦了。幸运的是，Chrome的一个拓展程序[Spread][5]会为我们处理这个需求。在你的Chrome浏览器中安装并启用Spread之后，你只需要选择你想要“快速阅读”的文本，在选取内右击，然后选择“Spreed selected text.”这个拓展程序会开启一个新窗口，你选择的文本就会在那个窗口中为你进行快速阅读。我喜欢这个和用扩展程序的方式集成到Chrome做法。比如说，你可以选择窗口的配色，一次快速阅读的文本量，字体大小，通过空格键控制的开始以及暂停，你甚至可以进行高于4,000词每分钟的快速阅读（但这已经不是快速阅读了，你只能看到零星的闪烁）。 ### 3. Squirt ### ![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3673/13750455205_70c44f91c0_z.jpg) -如果您喜欢在浏览器中快速阅读的点子，但是你不使用Chrome，也不喜欢“拓展程序”的想法，对此的解决方案是书签[Squirt][6]。除了Squirt这个不明觉厉名字之外，Squirt是我现在最喜欢的快速阅读工具。它十分高效并且使用简单。从[这里][7]加入它，通过把那个蓝色大按钮拖进你最喜欢的书签栏中。然后你就可以在任何网页中打开它，无论是否选中了阅读文本——一个白色的面板会出现在当前页面之上。你可以凭直觉来控制阅读文本。用户界面十分漂亮，而且它也可以实现4,000词以上的阅读速度。 +如果您喜欢在浏览器中快速阅读的点子，但是你不使用Chrome，也不喜欢“扩展程序”，对此的解决方案是书签[Squirt][6]。除了Squirt这个不明觉厉的名字之外，Squirt是我现在最喜欢的快速阅读工具。它十分高效并且使用简单。从[这里][7]加入它，通过把那个蓝色大按钮拖进你最喜欢的书签栏中。然后你就可以在任何网页中打开它，无论是否选中了阅读文本——一个白色的面板会出现在当前页面之上。你可以凭直觉来控制阅读文本。用户界面十分漂亮，而且它也可以实现4,000词以上的阅读速度。 ###　Bonus: Zethos ### -如果之前提及的方案没有一个能使你满意，而且你是一名程序员，你会很高兴地发现有一个叫做[Zethos][8]的免费及开源的JS项目，你可以通过使用它来开发你自己的“快速阅读”应用。你可以在[github][9]上查看代码，并为作者喝彩。 +如果之前提及的方案没有一个能使你满意，而且你是一名程序员，你会很高兴地发现有一个叫做[Zethos][8]的免费及开源的JS项目，你可以通过使用它来开发你自己的“快速阅读”应用。你可以在[github][9]上查看代码，并为作者点个赞。 -总而言之，你现在没有理由忽视在你最爱的操作系统进行“快速阅读”了。你只需要防止你的大脑被烧焦就行了。你更喜欢以上的哪个解决方案呢？或者你有另外更好的选择？你认为“快速阅读”在未来能够发展吗？在评论区中评论让我们知道你的想法。 +总而言之，你现在没有理由不在你最爱的操作系统进行“快速阅读”了。你只需要防止你的大脑被烧焦就行了。你更喜欢以上的哪个解决方案呢？或者你有另外更好的选择？你认为“快速阅读”在未来能够发展吗？在评论区中评论让我们知道你的想法。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/speed-read-linux.html -译者：[ThomazL](https://github.com/ThomazL) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[ThomazL](https://github.com/ThomazL) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From c5a59e3fa44fa39b112bf045f744a8273c73b062 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Tue, 6 May 2014 23:29:26 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 006/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9ADaily=20Ubun?= =?UTF-8?q?tu=20Tips--Make=20Ubuntu=2014.04=20Trusty=20Tahr=20Perform=20Be?= =?UTF-8?q?tter?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ake Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty Tahr Perform Better.md | 15 +++++++-------- 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Make Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty Tahr Perform Better.md (71%) diff --git a/translated/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Make Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty Tahr Perform Better.md b/published/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Make Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty Tahr Perform Better.md similarity index 71% rename from translated/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Make Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty Tahr Perform Better.md rename to published/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Make Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty Tahr Perform Better.md index b4bdb8ce73..1969ec18c1 100644 --- a/translated/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Make Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty Tahr Perform Better.md +++ b/published/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Make Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty Tahr Perform Better.md @@ -1,10 +1,9 @@ -Ubuntu 每日贴士- 让Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty Tahr 变得更好 +每日Ubuntu技巧 ：让Trusty Tahr变得更好 ================================================================================ +Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty Tahr 已发布，如果你是其中之一的安装者，你需要做一些事来提升你的使用体验。 -Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty Tahr 已于昨日发布，如果你是其中之一的安装者，你需要做一些事来提升你的使用体验。 - -对于那些更新，这可能已经做了你不必再去做它，除非你没有在Ubuntu 13.10 里做这些。 +对于那些升级，这可能已经做完了，你不必再去做它，除非你没有在Ubuntu 13.10 里做这些。 Ubuntu 并不是完全开箱即用的。有一些可以提升体验的包和工具由于合法问题被Canonical排除在外。 @@ -12,9 +11,9 @@ Ubuntu 并不是完全开箱即用的。有一些可以提升体验的包和工 如果你希望做上面这些事情，你必须继续下去来学习如何解决这些问题。 -对于已经安装Ubuntu 13.10 并且希望升级的人，[阅读这边文章][1]，或者点击下面的链接。 +对于已经安装Ubuntu 13.10 并且准备升级的人，[阅读这篇文章][1]，或者点击下面的链接。 -当你已经升级或者安装了Ubuntu 14.04，打开你的命令行，接着运行下面的命令来安装缺失的可以在Ubuntu上更简易地播放媒体文件的包。 +当你已经升级或者安装好了Ubuntu 14.04，打开你的命令行，接着运行下面的命令来安装缺失的可以在Ubuntu上更简易地播放媒体文件的包。 sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras @@ -36,13 +35,13 @@ Ubuntu 并不是完全开箱即用的。有一些可以提升体验的包和工 希望这对你有帮助。 -享受吧！ +祝你体验愉快！ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2014/04/daily-ubuntu-tips-make-ubuntu-14-04-trusty-tahr-perform-better/ -译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 130371470ff0281c15a3c642d86d66beb66e982f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Wed, 7 May 2014 09:47:32 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 007/601] =?UTF-8?q?[Translating]Daily=20Ubuntu=20Tips=20?= =?UTF-8?q?=E2=80=93=20Identify=20Folders=20By=20Colors=20In=20Ubuntu?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md | 5 ++++- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md b/sources/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md index 331d8260a8..eea9f644c9 100644 --- a/sources/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md +++ b/sources/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md @@ -1,3 +1,6 @@ +Translating-----------geekpi + + Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu ================================================================================ Here’s a brief tip that will show you how to identify folders by colors in Ubuntu 14.04 or previous with this nifty tool. This tool which is called **Folder Color**, allows users to change the color of folders in Nautilus so they could easily indentify and distinguish them from others. @@ -59,4 +62,4 @@ via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2014/04/daily-ubuntu-tips-identify-folders-by-c [17]: [18]: [19]: -[20]: \ No newline at end of file +[20]: From 54a541d45b704cf7d6c44cce46a1b5a215f52de3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Wed, 7 May 2014 10:10:49 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 008/601] =?UTF-8?q?[Translated]Daily=20Ubuntu=20Tips=20?= =?UTF-8?q?=E2=80=93=20Identify=20Folders=20By=20Colors=20In=20Ubuntu?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md | 65 ------------------- ... – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md | 62 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 62 insertions(+), 65 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md diff --git a/sources/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md b/sources/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md deleted file mode 100644 index eea9f644c9..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,65 +0,0 @@ -Translating-----------geekpi - - -Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu -================================================================================ -Here’s a brief tip that will show you how to identify folders by colors in Ubuntu 14.04 or previous with this nifty tool. This tool which is called **Folder Color**, allows users to change the color of folders in Nautilus so they could easily indentify and distinguish them from others. - -It is designed to work with Nautilus can be used with other Icon themes in Ubuntu. It’s nice tool to install. It’s light weight and doesn’t interface with your system’s performance. - -Installing it is easy and this brief tutorial is going to show you how. - -For example, if you want to color important files folder red, or travel documents yellow, you can change them easily with Folder Color. - -Here’s how to install this tool. - -In Ubuntu, press **Ctrl – Alt – T** on your keyboard to open the terminal console. When it opens, run the commands below to add the below PPA archive. - - sudo add-apt-repository ppa:costales/folder-color - -Next, run the commands below to update your system and install Folder Color. - - sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install folder-color - -That’s it. Now all you have to do is log out and log back in or restart Nautilus. Then go to Nautilus, right-click on the folder you wish to change and select the color. There are pre-defined colors to choose from which isn’t as many as you may want, but enough for the average users. - -If you wish to uninstall it, run the commands below to remove the PPA archive. - - sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:costales/folder-color - -Finally, run the commands below to remove Folder Color - - sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get remove folder-color - -Enjoy! - -![](http://www.liberiangeek.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/foldercolorubuntu.png) - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2014/04/daily-ubuntu-tips-identify-folders-by-colors-in-ubuntu/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]: -[2]: -[3]: -[4]: -[5]: -[6]: -[7]: -[8]: -[9]: -[10]: -[11]: -[12]: -[13]: -[14]: -[15]: -[16]: -[17]: -[18]: -[19]: -[20]: diff --git a/translated/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md b/translated/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..df6e5fe378 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +每日Ubuntu技巧 - 在Ubuntu中通过色彩辨别文件夹 +================================================================================ +这里有一个简单的技巧来给你展示如何用这个漂亮的工具在Ubuntu 14.04 或者先前的版本中通过色彩辨别文件夹。这个工具称为**Folder Color**，它允许用户在Nautilus中改变文件夹的颜色，这样他们就能简单地与其他文件夹区别开来。 + +它被设计与Nautilus协同工作，可以在Ubuntu的其他图标主题中使用。它很容易安装。它轻量级且不会影响你系统的性能。 + +安装它很容易，这个简易的教程会接下来教你怎么做。 + +比如你希望将你重要的文件夹设成红色，或者旅行文档设成黄色，你可以使用'Folder Color'简单地改变它们。 + +这里是如何安装这个工具。 + +在Ubuntu，按下键盘的**Ctrl – Alt – T** 打开终端。当打开后，运行下面的命令加入PPA仓库。 + + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:costales/folder-color + +接下来，运行下面的命令来升级你的系统并安装‘Folder Color’ + + sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install folder-color + +就是这样。现在你要做的是登出并登陆回系统或者重启Nautils。接下来进入Nautilus，右键你想改变的文件夹，改变并选择颜色。预设的颜色可能没有你所需要的那么多，但是对普通用户足够了。 + +如果你希望卸载它，运行下面的命令来移除PPA仓库。 + + sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:costales/folder-color + +最后，运行下面的命令卸载'Folder Color' + + sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get remove folder-color + +享受吧 + +![](http://www.liberiangeek.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/foldercolorubuntu.png) + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2014/04/daily-ubuntu-tips-identify-folders-by-colors-in-ubuntu/ + +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]: +[2]: +[3]: +[4]: +[5]: +[6]: +[7]: +[8]: +[9]: +[10]: +[11]: +[12]: +[13]: +[14]: +[15]: +[16]: +[17]: +[18]: +[19]: +[20]: From 41a70214b8ec4e572ddc3cd3be9bc4795f5e10f6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Wed, 7 May 2014 02:14:50 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 009/601] =?UTF-8?q?Revert=20"[Translated]Daily=20Ubuntu=20?= =?UTF-8?q?Tips=20=E2=80=93=20Identify=20Folders=20By=20Colors=20In=20Ubun?= =?UTF-8?q?tu"?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit This reverts commit 54a541d45b704cf7d6c44cce46a1b5a215f52de3. --- ... – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md | 65 +++++++++++++++++++ ... – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md | 62 ------------------ 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 62 deletions(-) create mode 100644 sources/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md delete mode 100644 translated/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md diff --git a/sources/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md b/sources/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..eea9f644c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +Translating-----------geekpi + + +Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu +================================================================================ +Here’s a brief tip that will show you how to identify folders by colors in Ubuntu 14.04 or previous with this nifty tool. This tool which is called **Folder Color**, allows users to change the color of folders in Nautilus so they could easily indentify and distinguish them from others. + +It is designed to work with Nautilus can be used with other Icon themes in Ubuntu. It’s nice tool to install. It’s light weight and doesn’t interface with your system’s performance. + +Installing it is easy and this brief tutorial is going to show you how. + +For example, if you want to color important files folder red, or travel documents yellow, you can change them easily with Folder Color. + +Here’s how to install this tool. + +In Ubuntu, press **Ctrl – Alt – T** on your keyboard to open the terminal console. When it opens, run the commands below to add the below PPA archive. + + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:costales/folder-color + +Next, run the commands below to update your system and install Folder Color. + + sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install folder-color + +That’s it. Now all you have to do is log out and log back in or restart Nautilus. Then go to Nautilus, right-click on the folder you wish to change and select the color. There are pre-defined colors to choose from which isn’t as many as you may want, but enough for the average users. + +If you wish to uninstall it, run the commands below to remove the PPA archive. + + sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:costales/folder-color + +Finally, run the commands below to remove Folder Color + + sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get remove folder-color + +Enjoy! + +![](http://www.liberiangeek.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/foldercolorubuntu.png) + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2014/04/daily-ubuntu-tips-identify-folders-by-colors-in-ubuntu/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]: +[2]: +[3]: +[4]: +[5]: +[6]: +[7]: +[8]: +[9]: +[10]: +[11]: +[12]: +[13]: +[14]: +[15]: +[16]: +[17]: +[18]: +[19]: +[20]: diff --git a/translated/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md b/translated/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md deleted file mode 100644 index df6e5fe378..0000000000 --- a/translated/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62 +0,0 @@ -每日Ubuntu技巧 - 在Ubuntu中通过色彩辨别文件夹 -================================================================================ -这里有一个简单的技巧来给你展示如何用这个漂亮的工具在Ubuntu 14.04 或者先前的版本中通过色彩辨别文件夹。这个工具称为**Folder Color**，它允许用户在Nautilus中改变文件夹的颜色，这样他们就能简单地与其他文件夹区别开来。 - -它被设计与Nautilus协同工作，可以在Ubuntu的其他图标主题中使用。它很容易安装。它轻量级且不会影响你系统的性能。 - -安装它很容易，这个简易的教程会接下来教你怎么做。 - -比如你希望将你重要的文件夹设成红色，或者旅行文档设成黄色，你可以使用'Folder Color'简单地改变它们。 - -这里是如何安装这个工具。 - -在Ubuntu，按下键盘的**Ctrl – Alt – T** 打开终端。当打开后，运行下面的命令加入PPA仓库。 - - sudo add-apt-repository ppa:costales/folder-color - -接下来，运行下面的命令来升级你的系统并安装‘Folder Color’ - - sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install folder-color - -就是这样。现在你要做的是登出并登陆回系统或者重启Nautils。接下来进入Nautilus，右键你想改变的文件夹，改变并选择颜色。预设的颜色可能没有你所需要的那么多，但是对普通用户足够了。 - -如果你希望卸载它，运行下面的命令来移除PPA仓库。 - - sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:costales/folder-color - -最后，运行下面的命令卸载'Folder Color' - - sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get remove folder-color - -享受吧 - -![](http://www.liberiangeek.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/foldercolorubuntu.png) - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2014/04/daily-ubuntu-tips-identify-folders-by-colors-in-ubuntu/ - -译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]: -[2]: -[3]: -[4]: -[5]: -[6]: -[7]: -[8]: -[9]: -[10]: -[11]: -[12]: -[13]: -[14]: -[15]: -[16]: -[17]: -[18]: -[19]: -[20]: From 9403b721eb50dd9dfa0be9b45ff5d4d6dc9a5187 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Wed, 7 May 2014 02:15:40 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 010/601] =?UTF-8?q?Revert=20"[Translating]Daily=20Ubuntu?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Tips=20=E2=80=93=20Identify=20Folders=20By=20Colors=20In=20U?= =?UTF-8?q?buntu"?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit This reverts commit 130371470ff0281c15a3c642d86d66beb66e982f. --- ...ily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md | 5 +---- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md b/sources/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md index eea9f644c9..331d8260a8 100644 --- a/sources/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md +++ b/sources/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -Translating-----------geekpi - - Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu ================================================================================ Here’s a brief tip that will show you how to identify folders by colors in Ubuntu 14.04 or previous with this nifty tool. This tool which is called **Folder Color**, allows users to change the color of folders in Nautilus so they could easily indentify and distinguish them from others. @@ -62,4 +59,4 @@ via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2014/04/daily-ubuntu-tips-identify-folders-by-c [17]: [18]: [19]: -[20]: +[20]: \ No newline at end of file From b3fd6c3b37f358617a9932ef7c067c0e30d5a2e5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: linuhap Date: Wed, 7 May 2014 12:47:13 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 011/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90=20?= =?UTF-8?q?by=20linuhap?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...Daily Images Now Available for Download.md | 32 ------------------- ...Daily Images Now Available for Download.md | 31 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Daily Images Now Available for Download.md create mode 100644 translated/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Daily Images Now Available for Download.md diff --git a/sources/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Daily Images Now Available for Download.md b/sources/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Daily Images Now Available for Download.md deleted file mode 100644 index 19f4fa11ae..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Daily Images Now Available for Download.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -linuhap翻译中 -Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Daily Images Now Available for Download -================================================================================ -![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-14-10-Utopic-Unicorn-Daily-Images-Now-Available-for-Download-439725-2.jpg) - -**Canonical has just released the first daily images for Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) and the development season is open for business.** - -The Ubuntu developers have already started working on the next Ubuntu version, and the first development images have been produced. Don't expect too much from the new Ubuntu build, at least not yet. It will be a couple of months until some major changes are visible. - -If you boot it right now it still says Ubuntu 14.04, so you can see that this is only a placeholder for the features that will get implemented along the way. - -“The first autosync with Debian is running right now, so don't get overexcited and sync something by hand that the automated machinery will get to in the next hour. The buildds will be very, very angry with us for a couple of days due to the above autosync. Have some patience. Upload your merges, and don't babysit the queues. You'll thank me for it. You might even want to go out for a walk, get some fresh air, feed a duck, that sort of thing,” said Adam Conrad on the official mailing list. - -The developer explained that ruby-defaults has been updated to version 2.1, boost-defaults has been updated to version .55, a new binutils snapshot has been added, and all the other packages have received some “tiny unicorns” (it's probably a given that many of the Ubuntu developer's statements will be littered with various puns). - -Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) is also the perfect version for the developers who want to push some of the updates that didn't make it into Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Trusty Tahr) or that got rejected for whatever reason. This is the perfect playground for new packages, and users might see some very interesting things in the final released of Ubuntu 14.10. - -“I know post-LTS releases are always an exciting barrage of tossing in all the things you didn't think you could land in an LTS without the release team glaring at you, and I'm sure this one will be no exception. So, have fun, happy uploading, and do try to fix two bugs for every one you upload,” also said Adam Conrad. - -Users don't have anything to see for now and the image is mostly used for development purposes. You can download it from the official Ubuntu [servers][1]. - -Remember that this is a development version and it should NOT be installed on production machines. It is intended for testing purposes only. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-14-10-Utopic-Unicorn-Daily-Images-Now-Available-for-Download-439725.shtml - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/daily-live/current/ diff --git a/translated/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Daily Images Now Available for Download.md b/translated/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Daily Images Now Available for Download.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..beb4766e3f --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Daily Images Now Available for Download.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +Ubuntu 14.10（乌托邦独角兽）每日镜像可下载 +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-14-10-Utopic-Unicorn-Daily-Images-Now-Available-for-Download-439725-2.jpg) + +**Canonical公司刚刚发布了第一个Ubuntu14.10（乌托邦独角兽）的每日镜像而且开发工作也开始了。** + +ubuntu的开发者已经开始进行开发下一个版本的工作，第一个开发版的镜像已经完成。不要对新的ubuntu构建抱有太多期望，至少在现在是这样的。两个月之后我们才能看到重大的变化。 + +如果你现在启动这个版本，它仍然会显示为Ubuntu14.04，可以看出这个版本只是一个占位符，它的特点将来会实现。 + +“Debian的第一个自动同步开始运行了，所以不要过于激动和同步一些东西，自动机械将会在下一个小时得到它。这个自动同步将会让我们痛苦好几天。请耐心点，上传你的合并，不用管队列。你会感谢我的。你甚至可能想出去散散步，呼吸呼吸新鲜空气，喂喂鸭子等等做一些类似的事”，Adam Conrad在邮件列表中这样说。 + +开发者解释说，ruby-defaults已经更新到了2.1版本，boost-defaults更新到了 .55版本，加入了一个新的编译快照，其他的包也都收到了一些“小独角兽”（这可能是个设定，让所有开发者的贡献都用双关语列出）。 + +对于某些开发者来说，Ubuntu14.10（乌托邦独角兽）仍然是一个很完美的版本，这些开发者想推动一些更新，那些更新在Ubuntu14.04（值得信赖的塔尔羊）中没有加入或因为某些理由被拒绝。对于新的包，这是一个完美的练习场，使用者可能在最终版本中看到一些很有趣的东西。 + +“我知道发布长期支持版本总是一个令人兴奋的要整理所有东西的事情，如果没有发布团队怒视你，你不认为你在长期支持版本上，我相信这一次也不例外。所以，玩的开心，上传开心点，尝试去修复你上传的两个漏洞。”Adam Conrad还这样说。 + +用户现在看不到任何新的东西，这个镜像主要是用于开发。你可以从Ubuntu官方[服务器][1]上下载。 + +记住这只是开发版，不要安装在工作的机器上。它仅仅用于测试。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-14-10-Utopic-Unicorn-Daily-Images-Now-Available-for-Download-439725.shtml + +译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/daily-live/current/ From 2b6dbf49291e57b72e8c18607e54a098c4fb9aa4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: carolinewuyan <309866211@qq.com> Date: Wed, 7 May 2014 15:48:10 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 012/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9=E4=B8=AD?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../tech/5 Ways To Check If Linux OS is 32 bit or 64 Bit.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/5 Ways To Check If Linux OS is 32 bit or 64 Bit.md b/translated/tech/5 Ways To Check If Linux OS is 32 bit or 64 Bit.md index 1eb25af1aa..be4d23dc64 100644 --- a/translated/tech/5 Ways To Check If Linux OS is 32 bit or 64 Bit.md +++ b/translated/tech/5 Ways To Check If Linux OS is 32 bit or 64 Bit.md @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ 一个很相似但是略有不同的方法是执行 ‘uname -m’ 命令。 -例如，在我的系统里，它显示了以下信息： +例如，在我的系统里，它显示了以下信息： $ uname -m i686 @@ -68,4 +68,4 @@ via: http://mylinuxbook.com/5-ways-to-check-if-linux-is-32-bit-or-64-bit/ 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 -[1]:http://mylinuxbook.com/linux-uname-command/ \ No newline at end of file +[1]:http://mylinuxbook.com/linux-uname-command/ From fbecae6550c8c3012f77d7f654db8c6cfef30559 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: carolinewuyan <309866211@qq.com> Date: Wed, 7 May 2014 16:53:34 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 013/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B7=B2=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...o Check If Linux OS is 32 bit or 64 Bit.md | 32 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/5 Ways To Check If Linux OS is 32 bit or 64 Bit.md b/translated/tech/5 Ways To Check If Linux OS is 32 bit or 64 Bit.md index be4d23dc64..effb3a921b 100644 --- a/translated/tech/5 Ways To Check If Linux OS is 32 bit or 64 Bit.md +++ b/translated/tech/5 Ways To Check If Linux OS is 32 bit or 64 Bit.md @@ -1,17 +1,16 @@ -五种检测你的 Linux 是32位或者64位的方法 +五种方法检测你的 Linux 是32位还是64位 ================================================================================ -有的时候 Linux 新手们在下载的时候十分困惑，因为下载页面常常同时提供32位和64位的版本的软件。弄清楚你的操作系统是32位的或者64位的十分重要，因为你在做很多事情的时候都需要这个信息。在这篇文章里，我们会讨论五种检测你的Linux系统是32位或者64位的方法。 +有的时候 Linux 新手们在下载软件的时候十分困惑，因为下载页面常常同时提供32位和64位版本的软件。所以弄清楚你的操作系统是32位的还是64位的十分重要，因为你在做很多事情的时候都需要这个信息。在这篇文章里，我们会讨论五种检测你的Linux系统是32位还是64位的方法。 -### 检测你的 Linux 是32位或64位的 ### +### 检测你的 Linux 是32位还是64位的 ### -请注意文中的这些方法仅经过 Ubuntu 13.10 平台测试. +请注意文中的这些方法是在 Ubuntu 13.10 平台测试. #### 1. 执行‘uname -a’ 命令 #### -最常见的一个测试你的Linux是32位或者64位的方法是运行 [uname command][1] 命令。 - -例如，在我的系统里，它展示了以下信息： +最常见的一个测试方法是运行 [uname command][1] 命令。 +例如，在我的系统里，它显示了以下信息： $ uname -a Linux ubuntu 3.11.0-12-generic #19-Ubuntu SMP Wed Oct 9 16:12:00 UTC 2013 i686 athlon i686 GNU/Linux @@ -27,20 +26,21 @@ $ uname -m i686 -这说明我的 Ubuntu Linux 系统是32位的，如果输出显示的是x86\_64的话，就说明你的系统是64位的。 +这说明我的 Ubuntu Linux 系统是32位的，如果输出显示的是x86\_64，就说明系统是64位的。 #### 3.使用 file 命令#### -（Although it’s a kind of hack）尽管这是一种黑客式的行为,但是仍然不失为一种达到目的的方法。使用这个方法，需要你运行file命令并带上**/sbin/init**作为参数。 but still it can be used to solve the purpose. In this case, you have run the file command with as an argument. +尽管这像是一种黑客行为,但是仍然不失为一种达到目的的方法。使用这个方法，需要你运行 file 命令并带上 **/sbin/init** 作为参数。 -请看这里有一个例子 : +举个例子: $ file /sbin/init /sbin/init: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.24, BuildID[sha1]=0xc0d86a25a7abb14cad4a65a1f7d03605bcbd41f6, stripped -高亮的部分说明这是一个32位的操作系统,反之亦然。（and vice-versa.请定夺） +高亮的 **32-bit** 说明这是一个32位的操作系统,如果显示为 **64-bit** 则说明操作系统是64位的 #### 4. 使用 arch 命令 #### + 另外一个可以选择的方法是使用 arch 命令,这个命令用于打印机器的硬件名称。 这里有一个示例: @@ -50,21 +50,21 @@ 在这里你可以看到输出的是 i686, 这说明这是一个32位操作系统，对于64位的操作系统，输出的应该是x86_64。 -#### 5. Through system settings #### +#### 5. 通过系统设置的方法 #### -如果你是用的是 Ubuntu 12.04 或更高, 你可以很简单的的在** AllSettings -> Details**里查看你的系统的结构。 +如果你使用的是 Ubuntu 12.04 或更高, 你可以很简单地在 ** AllSettings -> Details** 里查看你的系统结构。 ![details](http://mylinuxbook.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/details.png) -这样你就可以清晰的看到系统的类型(32-bit)在这里清晰的展示了出来。 +这样你就可以看到系统类型(32-bit)在这里清晰地显示出来。 -你还知道别的方法来检测操作系统是32位还是64位的吗？请拿出你的知识在下面和大家分享吧。 +你还知道别的方法来检测操作系统是32位还是64位的吗？在下面回复与我们分享吧。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://mylinuxbook.com/5-ways-to-check-if-linux-is-32-bit-or-64-bit/ -译者：[crowner](https://github.com/crowner) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[crowner](https://github.com/crowner) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From d6965a431171be19ae51635efdc9941841442c63 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: carolinewuyan <309866211@qq.com> Date: Wed, 7 May 2014 16:55:34 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 014/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B7=B2=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../tech/5 Ways To Check If Linux OS is 32 bit or 64 Bit.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/5 Ways To Check If Linux OS is 32 bit or 64 Bit.md b/translated/tech/5 Ways To Check If Linux OS is 32 bit or 64 Bit.md index effb3a921b..09b949711f 100644 --- a/translated/tech/5 Ways To Check If Linux OS is 32 bit or 64 Bit.md +++ b/translated/tech/5 Ways To Check If Linux OS is 32 bit or 64 Bit.md @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ #### 5. 通过系统设置的方法 #### -如果你使用的是 Ubuntu 12.04 或更高, 你可以很简单地在 ** AllSettings -> Details** 里查看你的系统结构。 +如果你使用的是 Ubuntu 12.04 或更高, 你可以很简单地在** AllSettings -> Details**里查看你的系统结构。 ![details](http://mylinuxbook.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/details.png) From a3700e0e58b4746ce91efbc082dd03700cb70bb3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: carolinewuyan <309866211@qq.com> Date: Wed, 7 May 2014 18:10:42 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 015/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9=E4=B8=AD?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...Advanced All-in-One Performance Monitoring Tool for Linux.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/Collectl--An Advanced All-in-One Performance Monitoring Tool for Linux.md b/translated/tech/Collectl--An Advanced All-in-One Performance Monitoring Tool for Linux.md index e1b6d30216..94ad0ff3d2 100644 --- a/translated/tech/Collectl--An Advanced All-in-One Performance Monitoring Tool for Linux.md +++ b/translated/tech/Collectl--An Advanced All-in-One Performance Monitoring Tool for Linux.md @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ Collectl: 一个高级全能的Linux性能监控工具 下面的命令可以用来在以Debian为基础的设备如Ubuntu 上安装collectl。 $ sudo apt-get install collectl - + #### 对于RHEL/CentOS/Fedora #### 如果你正在使用基于红帽的发行版，你可以用yum命令轻松获取它。 From 5d05ebffde7ee90dfde0821c806c25bfc86dbffe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggaaooppeenngg <471160171@qq.com> Date: Wed, 7 May 2014 20:34:30 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 016/601] translaing ggaaooppeenngg --- ...ix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/Fix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md b/sources/tech/Fix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md index ea31b4b099..06de0f78ed 100644 --- a/sources/tech/Fix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md +++ b/sources/tech/Fix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +[traslating ggaaooppeenngg] Fix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip] ================================================================================ If you upgraded Ubuntu 13.10 to Ubuntu 14.04, you might end up with **Unity freezing at login time**. You boot in to Ubuntu 14.04, enter your credential and the system just hangs up, freezes. If you are lucky, you might see mouse cursor, background wallpaper but nothing else. **No Unity launcher, no top panel** etc. Basically you will have Ubuntu in an unusable state. @@ -37,4 +38,4 @@ via: http://itsfoss.com/fix-unity-freezes-after-login-ubuntu-14-04/ 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From d00ae1bc94a41cbf8d108db318e9e53020e24b86 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggaaooppeenngg <471160171@qq.com> Date: Wed, 7 May 2014 21:04:59 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 017/601] translated --- ...After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md | 27 ++++++------ ...After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md | 42 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 56 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-) create mode 100644 translated/tech/Fix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md diff --git a/sources/tech/Fix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md b/sources/tech/Fix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md index 06de0f78ed..75ffdce7b7 100644 --- a/sources/tech/Fix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md +++ b/sources/tech/Fix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md @@ -1,26 +1,27 @@ -[traslating ggaaooppeenngg] -Fix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip] +解决Ubuntu 14.04 Unity桌面环境登陆后卡机情况的 ================================================================================ -If you upgraded Ubuntu 13.10 to Ubuntu 14.04, you might end up with **Unity freezing at login time**. You boot in to Ubuntu 14.04, enter your credential and the system just hangs up, freezes. If you are lucky, you might see mouse cursor, background wallpaper but nothing else. **No Unity launcher, no top panel** etc. Basically you will have Ubuntu in an unusable state. -This problem of missing Unity launcher, panel and system freeze can be solved by re-installing Unity. Let’s see how to do that: +如果你把Ubuntu从13.10更新到14.04,就会出现**用Unity桌面环境登陆时卡机的现象**.如果进入Ubuntu14.04的boot,并且验证进入后,系统也会挂断,并且卡机.如果你足够幸运,你可能会看到仅有的鼠标或者桌面背景.**没有Unity触发器,不存在顶部面板**等等.基本上你的ubuntu已经处于一种不稳定的状态了. -### Reinstall Unity in Ubuntu 14.04 to fix system freeze issue ### +缺少Unity触发器和面板以及系统卡机的问题,需要通过重新下载Unity来解决.让我们看看怎么做: -Well, since you are stuck with a frozen system, use **Ctrl+Alt+F2** key. This will take you to command line interface (instead of the default graphical user interface). You will be asked to enter your credentials. After you enter your username and password, use the following commands one by one to reinstall Unity desktop. +### 重新下载Unity 解决系统卡机的问题### + +好吧,既然你整纠结于一个完全冻结了的系统.按下**Ctrl+Alt+F2**.这会让你进入一个命令行接口而不是默认的用户桌面接口.切换到命令行接口后,输入用户名和密码登陆之后,使用下面的命令重装Unity桌面环境: sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install –reinstall ubuntu-desktop sudo apt-get install unity sudo shutdown -r now -The last command will reboot your system. After the reboot, you should have Unity working as normal. +最后一个命令是重启系统,重启之后,你的Unity就完好如初了. -### Fixing Unity freeze issue with Nvidia graphics: ### -I don’t have experience with Nvidia graphics but I found some people mentioning additional steps for system with Nvidia graphics card. While the above trick worked for my system, I cannot verify the one below. People with Nvidia graphics, please confirm that the steps below work for your system: +### 解决Nvidia显卡的Unity卡机问题### -Press Ctrl+Alt+F2 to use command line. And after entering username and password, use the following commands one by one: +我没有解决这个问题的经验,但是我找到了别人解决这个问题的方法.尽管上面的技巧对我来说有效,但是我不验证下面的命令.Nvidia的用户需要确认下面的步奏: + +和上面一样使用**Ctrl+Alt+F2**登陆到命令行接口,输入下面的命令: sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install –reinstall ubuntu-desktop @@ -28,14 +29,14 @@ Press Ctrl+Alt+F2 to use command line. And after entering username and password, sudo apt-get remove –purge nvidia* sudo shutdown -r now -Once you have Unity back to normal at next reboot, just reinstall the Nvidia drivers (you had just removed them). +如果重启之后Unity恢复了,记得重新安装你的Nvidia显卡的驱动,因为你已经卸载了它. -I hope these quick tips help you to recover your Ubuntu 14.04 from a frozen Unity to a working Unity. Any questions or suggestions are always welcomed. +我希望这些技巧能够帮助你恢复14.04的unbuntu.最后任何的问题和建议都欢迎来提. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://itsfoss.com/fix-unity-freezes-after-login-ubuntu-14-04/ -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[ggaaooppeenngg](https://github.com/ggaaooppeenngg) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 diff --git a/translated/tech/Fix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md b/translated/tech/Fix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..75ffdce7b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/Fix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +解决Ubuntu 14.04 Unity桌面环境登陆后卡机情况的 +================================================================================ + +如果你把Ubuntu从13.10更新到14.04,就会出现**用Unity桌面环境登陆时卡机的现象**.如果进入Ubuntu14.04的boot,并且验证进入后,系统也会挂断,并且卡机.如果你足够幸运,你可能会看到仅有的鼠标或者桌面背景.**没有Unity触发器,不存在顶部面板**等等.基本上你的ubuntu已经处于一种不稳定的状态了. + +缺少Unity触发器和面板以及系统卡机的问题,需要通过重新下载Unity来解决.让我们看看怎么做: + +### 重新下载Unity 解决系统卡机的问题### + +好吧,既然你整纠结于一个完全冻结了的系统.按下**Ctrl+Alt+F2**.这会让你进入一个命令行接口而不是默认的用户桌面接口.切换到命令行接口后,输入用户名和密码登陆之后,使用下面的命令重装Unity桌面环境: + + sudo apt-get update + sudo apt-get install –reinstall ubuntu-desktop + sudo apt-get install unity + sudo shutdown -r now + +最后一个命令是重启系统,重启之后,你的Unity就完好如初了. + + +### 解决Nvidia显卡的Unity卡机问题### + +我没有解决这个问题的经验,但是我找到了别人解决这个问题的方法.尽管上面的技巧对我来说有效,但是我不验证下面的命令.Nvidia的用户需要确认下面的步奏: + +和上面一样使用**Ctrl+Alt+F2**登陆到命令行接口,输入下面的命令: + + sudo apt-get update + sudo apt-get install –reinstall ubuntu-desktop + sudo apt-get install unity + sudo apt-get remove –purge nvidia* + sudo shutdown -r now + +如果重启之后Unity恢复了,记得重新安装你的Nvidia显卡的驱动,因为你已经卸载了它. + +我希望这些技巧能够帮助你恢复14.04的unbuntu.最后任何的问题和建议都欢迎来提. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://itsfoss.com/fix-unity-freezes-after-login-ubuntu-14-04/ + +译者：[ggaaooppeenngg](https://github.com/ggaaooppeenngg) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 072136294c0d32bf46bec1ac6ae02d7e2b404cd2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggaaooppeenngg <471160171@qq.com> Date: Wed, 7 May 2014 21:06:59 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 018/601] Delete Fix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md --- ...After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md | 42 ------------------- 1 file changed, 42 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/Fix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md diff --git a/sources/tech/Fix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md b/sources/tech/Fix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md deleted file mode 100644 index 75ffdce7b7..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/Fix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -解决Ubuntu 14.04 Unity桌面环境登陆后卡机情况的 -================================================================================ - -如果你把Ubuntu从13.10更新到14.04,就会出现**用Unity桌面环境登陆时卡机的现象**.如果进入Ubuntu14.04的boot,并且验证进入后,系统也会挂断,并且卡机.如果你足够幸运,你可能会看到仅有的鼠标或者桌面背景.**没有Unity触发器,不存在顶部面板**等等.基本上你的ubuntu已经处于一种不稳定的状态了. - -缺少Unity触发器和面板以及系统卡机的问题,需要通过重新下载Unity来解决.让我们看看怎么做: - -### 重新下载Unity 解决系统卡机的问题### - -好吧,既然你整纠结于一个完全冻结了的系统.按下**Ctrl+Alt+F2**.这会让你进入一个命令行接口而不是默认的用户桌面接口.切换到命令行接口后,输入用户名和密码登陆之后,使用下面的命令重装Unity桌面环境: - - sudo apt-get update - sudo apt-get install –reinstall ubuntu-desktop - sudo apt-get install unity - sudo shutdown -r now - -最后一个命令是重启系统,重启之后,你的Unity就完好如初了. - - -### 解决Nvidia显卡的Unity卡机问题### - -我没有解决这个问题的经验,但是我找到了别人解决这个问题的方法.尽管上面的技巧对我来说有效,但是我不验证下面的命令.Nvidia的用户需要确认下面的步奏: - -和上面一样使用**Ctrl+Alt+F2**登陆到命令行接口,输入下面的命令: - - sudo apt-get update - sudo apt-get install –reinstall ubuntu-desktop - sudo apt-get install unity - sudo apt-get remove –purge nvidia* - sudo shutdown -r now - -如果重启之后Unity恢复了,记得重新安装你的Nvidia显卡的驱动,因为你已经卸载了它. - -我希望这些技巧能够帮助你恢复14.04的unbuntu.最后任何的问题和建议都欢迎来提. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://itsfoss.com/fix-unity-freezes-after-login-ubuntu-14-04/ - -译者：[ggaaooppeenngg](https://github.com/ggaaooppeenngg) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 4296314227afb3b64357c34e7ead0258d12a19c8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Tue, 6 May 2014 23:37:48 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 019/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AInstall=20Te?= =?UTF-8?q?rminator--Multiple=20GNOME=20terminals=20in=20one=20window?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... Terminator--Multiple GNOME terminals in one window.md | 8 ++++---- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/Install Terminator--Multiple GNOME terminals in one window.md (76%) diff --git a/translated/tech/Install Terminator--Multiple GNOME terminals in one window.md b/published/Install Terminator--Multiple GNOME terminals in one window.md similarity index 76% rename from translated/tech/Install Terminator--Multiple GNOME terminals in one window.md rename to published/Install Terminator--Multiple GNOME terminals in one window.md index 51de50f9ac..2227f77b19 100644 --- a/translated/tech/Install Terminator--Multiple GNOME terminals in one window.md +++ b/published/Install Terminator--Multiple GNOME terminals in one window.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ 安装 Terminator：一个支持多终端的终端 ================================================================================ -Terminator 是一个程序，它可让用户自由地排列多个 GNOME 终端，而不用通过窗口管理器来实现，比较合适需要同时使用多个终端的用户。 +Terminator 是一个程序，它可让用户自由地排布多个 GNOME 终端，而不用通过窗口管理器来实现，比较适合需要同时打开多个终端的用户。 ### 特性 ### - 在一个窗口显示多个终端 -- 可在上面使用你自己喜欢的 shell (Bash、zsh 等等，Terminator 不会限制它们) -- 当前工作终端与当前非工作终端的标题背景颜色不同（见图1） +- 可在上面的窗口里面使用你自己喜欢的 shell (Bash、zsh 等等，Terminator 不会限制它们) +- 当前工作终端与当前非工作终端的标题背景颜色明显区分（见图1） ### 安装 ### @@ -34,6 +34,6 @@ Fedora/CentOS 系统: via: http://www.unixmen.com/install-terminator-multiple-gnome-terminals-one-window/ -译者：[bazz2](https://github.com/bazz2) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[bazz2](https://github.com/bazz2) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file From 79c112916483bd1f1e2ecac718c3aabbd15a29fd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Wed, 7 May 2014 23:43:20 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 020/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=A2=9E=E5=8A=A0=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= =?UTF-8?q?=EF=BC=9AAtom=20Is=20Now=20Open=20Source?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- sources/news/Atom Is Now Open Source.md | 46 +++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 46 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/Atom Is Now Open Source.md diff --git a/sources/news/Atom Is Now Open Source.md b/sources/news/Atom Is Now Open Source.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..97bfed7f34 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/Atom Is Now Open Source.md @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +Atom Is Now Open Source +======================= + +Today, we're excited to announce that we are open-sourcing Atom under the [MIT License][1]. We see Atom as a perfect complement to GitHub's primary mission of building better software by working together. Atom is a long-term investment, and GitHub will continue to support its development with a dedicated team going forward. But we also know that we can't achieve our vision for Atom alone. As Emacs and Vim have demonstrated over the past three decades, if you want to build a thriving, long-lasting community around a text editor, it has to be open source. + +## What's included? + +Much of Atom's functionality is provided by packages, and every Atom package has been open source since the day we launched the beta. Today, we're open sourcing the rest of Atom, which includes the core application, Atom's package manager, and Atom's Chromium-based desktop application framework, Atom Shell. + +### Atom Core + +[Atom's core][2] contains the parts of the application that aren't provided by packages. This includes the build system, Atom's global environment, the workspace and panes, and the text editor component. Over time, we've extracted functionality from Atom into libraries that can be used independently, and we expect that process to continue. + +### Atom Package Manager + +Atom's package manager, [`apm`][3], is a client library and command line utility that facilitates publishing and installing Atom packages. `apm` is currently powered by `atom.io`, but we plan on standardizing the backend APIs so that eventually you can host your own registry. + +### Atom Shell + +Finally, we're just as excited to be open-sourcing [Atom Shell][4] as we are about Atom itself. Over its 2.5 years of development, Atom has been something of a hermit crab, beginning its life in a Cocoa `WebView`, then migrating to the [Chromium Embedded Framework][5], and finally making its permanent home inside Atom Shell. We experimented briefly with [Node-Webkit][6], but decided instead to hire @zcbenz to build the exact framework we were imagining. + +We've taken great care to integrate Chromium and Node in a clean, maintainable way, including sponsoring the addition of [multi-context support][7] in Node. We also created [brightray][8] and [libchromiumcontent][9], which make it easier to embed Chromium into native applications as a shared library. + +## Into the future! + +There's still a ton to do before Atom is ready for version 1.0. In the next few months, we'll be focusing on improving performance, releasing on Linux and Windows, and stabilizing APIs. We think being open source will help us get there faster, and more importantly, source access will give you the transparency and control you've told us you expect from your tools. + +We'd like to thank everyone who has participated in the Atom beta so far. Your feedback, packages, and pull requests have been invaluable. We wouldn't be building a text editor if we didn't plan on using it for the rest of our lives, and we're excited to take this critical step toward making that a reality. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://blog.atom.io/2014/05/06/atom-is-now-open-source.html + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://choosealicense.com/licenses/mit/ +[2]:https://github.com/atom/atom +[3]:https://github.com/atom/apm +[4]:https://github.com/atom/atom-shell +[5]:https://code.google.com/p/chromiumembedded/ +[6]:https://github.com/rogerwang/node-webkit +[7]:http://strongloop.com/strongblog/whats-new-node-js-v0-12-multiple-context-execution/ +[8]:https://github.com/brightray/brightray +[9]:https://github.com/brightray/libchromiumcontent From 0dc7c15770a1f68cc26d42e1073de331155944e0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: vito-L Date: Thu, 8 May 2014 00:07:40 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 021/601] translating --- sources/news/Atom Is Now Open Source.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/sources/news/Atom Is Now Open Source.md b/sources/news/Atom Is Now Open Source.md index 97bfed7f34..83d9796575 100644 --- a/sources/news/Atom Is Now Open Source.md +++ b/sources/news/Atom Is Now Open Source.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +Vito Translating Atom Is Now Open Source ======================= From 07a7864a17e80ba362e02af0b48b230bbce1f8c5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: vito-L Date: Thu, 8 May 2014 02:00:20 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 022/601] Translated --- sources/news/Atom Is Now Open Source.md | 47 ---------------------- translated/news/Atom Is Now Open Source.md | 46 +++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 47 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/Atom Is Now Open Source.md create mode 100644 translated/news/Atom Is Now Open Source.md diff --git a/sources/news/Atom Is Now Open Source.md b/sources/news/Atom Is Now Open Source.md deleted file mode 100644 index 83d9796575..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/Atom Is Now Open Source.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,47 +0,0 @@ -Vito Translating -Atom Is Now Open Source -======================= - -Today, we're excited to announce that we are open-sourcing Atom under the [MIT License][1]. We see Atom as a perfect complement to GitHub's primary mission of building better software by working together. Atom is a long-term investment, and GitHub will continue to support its development with a dedicated team going forward. But we also know that we can't achieve our vision for Atom alone. As Emacs and Vim have demonstrated over the past three decades, if you want to build a thriving, long-lasting community around a text editor, it has to be open source. - -## What's included? - -Much of Atom's functionality is provided by packages, and every Atom package has been open source since the day we launched the beta. Today, we're open sourcing the rest of Atom, which includes the core application, Atom's package manager, and Atom's Chromium-based desktop application framework, Atom Shell. - -### Atom Core - -[Atom's core][2] contains the parts of the application that aren't provided by packages. This includes the build system, Atom's global environment, the workspace and panes, and the text editor component. Over time, we've extracted functionality from Atom into libraries that can be used independently, and we expect that process to continue. - -### Atom Package Manager - -Atom's package manager, [`apm`][3], is a client library and command line utility that facilitates publishing and installing Atom packages. `apm` is currently powered by `atom.io`, but we plan on standardizing the backend APIs so that eventually you can host your own registry. - -### Atom Shell - -Finally, we're just as excited to be open-sourcing [Atom Shell][4] as we are about Atom itself. Over its 2.5 years of development, Atom has been something of a hermit crab, beginning its life in a Cocoa `WebView`, then migrating to the [Chromium Embedded Framework][5], and finally making its permanent home inside Atom Shell. We experimented briefly with [Node-Webkit][6], but decided instead to hire @zcbenz to build the exact framework we were imagining. - -We've taken great care to integrate Chromium and Node in a clean, maintainable way, including sponsoring the addition of [multi-context support][7] in Node. We also created [brightray][8] and [libchromiumcontent][9], which make it easier to embed Chromium into native applications as a shared library. - -## Into the future! - -There's still a ton to do before Atom is ready for version 1.0. In the next few months, we'll be focusing on improving performance, releasing on Linux and Windows, and stabilizing APIs. We think being open source will help us get there faster, and more importantly, source access will give you the transparency and control you've told us you expect from your tools. - -We'd like to thank everyone who has participated in the Atom beta so far. Your feedback, packages, and pull requests have been invaluable. We wouldn't be building a text editor if we didn't plan on using it for the rest of our lives, and we're excited to take this critical step toward making that a reality. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://blog.atom.io/2014/05/06/atom-is-now-open-source.html - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://choosealicense.com/licenses/mit/ -[2]:https://github.com/atom/atom -[3]:https://github.com/atom/apm -[4]:https://github.com/atom/atom-shell -[5]:https://code.google.com/p/chromiumembedded/ -[6]:https://github.com/rogerwang/node-webkit -[7]:http://strongloop.com/strongblog/whats-new-node-js-v0-12-multiple-context-execution/ -[8]:https://github.com/brightray/brightray -[9]:https://github.com/brightray/libchromiumcontent diff --git a/translated/news/Atom Is Now Open Source.md b/translated/news/Atom Is Now Open Source.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b8b5eed05c --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/Atom Is Now Open Source.md @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +Atom已开源 +======================= + +今天，我们兴奋地宣布，我们在[MIT开源许可证][1]下开源Atom。我们看到Atom作为一个完美的补充对GitHub上通过共同努力构建更好的软件的首要任务。Atom是个长期的投入，GitHub将使用专门的团队继续支持其发展。但是我们也知道我们不能为Atom实现我们的愿景。在过去的30年里Emacs和Vim已经证明，如果你想建立一个围绕在文本编辑器的活跃的持续的社区，必须开源。 + +## Atom包含了什么？ + +Atom的许多功能是通过包来提供的，每个Atom包从我们发布beta版就已经开源。今天，我们会开源Atom其余部分，包括了核心应用程序，Atom包管理器，基于Chromium的桌面应用程序框架和Atom Shell。 + +### Atom核心 + +[Atom核心][2]包含不是通过包提供的部分应用程序。包括构建系统，Atom国际化环境，工作区和窗口，以及文本编辑组建。随着时间的推移，我们从Atom库提取功能可供独立使用，并且我们期望这个过程持续下去。 + +### Atom包管理器 + +Atom包管理器，[`apm`][3], 是个客户端库和命令行多功能程序，可促进发布和安装Atom包。 `apm`目前是由`atom.io`提供动力，但是我们计划标准化后端API，如此你就能管理自己的注册簿。 + +### Atom Shell + +最后，我们很兴奋[Atom Shell][4]开源。超过2.5年的开发，Atom已成为一个寄居蟹，在Cocoa `WebView`中开始它的生命，然后移居到[Chromium嵌入式框架][5], 最终安家在Atom Shell中。我们尝试短暂地使用[Node-Webkit][6]，但是我们决定采用@zcbenz构建的框架。 + +我们采取在整洁的环境中整合Chromium和Node，维护的方式，包括在Node中发起增加[multi-context支持][7]。我们也建立了[brightray][8]和[libchromiumcontent][9]，使其更易嵌入Chromium到本地应用程序作为共享库。 + +## 将来！ + +在大量Atom 1.0版本准备发布之前。在接下来几个月，我们将集中改善性能，在Linux和Windows上发放测试，以及使API趋于稳定。我们认为开源会帮助我们更快达到目标，更重要的是，源代码将给你透明度和控制权，你能从你的工具中告诉我们你想要的。 + +在迄今为止的Atom beta版本中我们感谢每个参与进来的开发者。你的反馈，包和请求（PR）是无价的。如果我们不打算在我们的余生使用它，我们是不会构建一个文本编辑器的，我们很高兴把这关键一步变为现实。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://blog.atom.io/2014/05/06/atom-is-now-open-source.html + +译者：[Vito](https://github.com/vito-L) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://choosealicense.com/licenses/mit/ +[2]:https://github.com/atom/atom +[3]:https://github.com/atom/apm +[4]:https://github.com/atom/atom-shell +[5]:https://code.google.com/p/chromiumembedded/ +[6]:https://github.com/rogerwang/node-webkit +[7]:http://strongloop.com/strongblog/whats-new-node-js-v0-12-multiple-context-execution/ +[8]:https://github.com/brightray/brightray +[9]:https://github.com/brightray/libchromiumcontent From f5e6730e9bfb4502382018c688a3536e44c93485 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: linuhap Date: Thu, 8 May 2014 07:03:17 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 023/601] =?UTF-8?q?Update=20and=20rename=20Ubuntu=20Fixes?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Security=20Flaw=20in=2014.04=20LTS=20Lock=20Screen.md=20to?= =?UTF-8?q?=20=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E4=B8=ADUbuntu=20Fixes=20Security=20Flaw?= =?UTF-8?q?=20in=2014.04=20LTS=20Lock=20Screen.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...译中Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md} | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) rename sources/talk/{Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md => 翻译中Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md} (99%) diff --git a/sources/talk/Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md b/sources/talk/翻译中Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md similarity index 99% rename from sources/talk/Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md rename to sources/talk/翻译中Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md index 344ba71b3b..33f6e9a693 100644 --- a/sources/talk/Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md +++ b/sources/talk/翻译中Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +linuhap翻译中 Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen ================================================================================ ![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/security-key.jpg) @@ -40,4 +41,4 @@ via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/ubuntu-fixes-security-flaw-trusty-login- [2]:https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/trusty/+source/unity/7.2.0+14.04.20140423-0ubuntu1.1 [3]:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4UUB0sI5Fc [4]:https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity/+bug/1308572 -[5]:https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/trusty/+source/unity/+bug/1314247 \ No newline at end of file +[5]:https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/trusty/+source/unity/+bug/1314247 From 2184b9e00fa1bc86a10cdab9eef7468a35916062 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: linuhap Date: Thu, 8 May 2014 07:09:39 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 024/601] =?UTF-8?q?Rename=20=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E4=B8=ADUbu?= =?UTF-8?q?ntu=20Fixes=20Security=20Flaw=20in=2014.04=20LTS=20Lock=20Scree?= =?UTF-8?q?n.md=20to=20Ubuntu=20Fixes=20Security=20Flaw=20in=2014.04=20LTS?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Lock=20Screen.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 翻译中 --- ...een.md => Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md} | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename sources/talk/{翻译中Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md => Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md} (100%) diff --git a/sources/talk/翻译中Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md b/sources/talk/Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md similarity index 100% rename from sources/talk/翻译中Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md rename to sources/talk/Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md From 6c124817e9325271e3b8eb192a7ec053fda8e73b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: tinyeyeser Date: Thu, 8 May 2014 09:56:02 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 025/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B7=B2=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9=20by?= =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E7=9C=BC=E5=84=BF?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- translated/news/Atom Is Now Open Source.md | 20 ++++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/news/Atom Is Now Open Source.md b/translated/news/Atom Is Now Open Source.md index b8b5eed05c..2590f53294 100644 --- a/translated/news/Atom Is Now Open Source.md +++ b/translated/news/Atom Is Now Open Source.md @@ -1,29 +1,29 @@ -Atom已开源 +Atom开源了！！！ ======================= -今天，我们兴奋地宣布，我们在[MIT开源许可证][1]下开源Atom。我们看到Atom作为一个完美的补充对GitHub上通过共同努力构建更好的软件的首要任务。Atom是个长期的投入，GitHub将使用专门的团队继续支持其发展。但是我们也知道我们不能为Atom实现我们的愿景。在过去的30年里Emacs和Vim已经证明，如果你想建立一个围绕在文本编辑器的活跃的持续的社区，必须开源。 +今天，我们兴奋地宣布：在[MIT开源许可证][1]下，Atom开源了！我们看到，GitHub努力以构建更好的软件为首要任务，而Atom对此是一个完美的补充。Atom是个长期的投入，GitHub将继续由专门的团队支持其发展。但是我们也知道，不能独自为Atom实现我们的愿景。在过去的30年里Emacs和Vim已经证明，如果你想建立一个活跃的持续的文本编辑器社区，必须开源。 ## Atom包含了什么？ -Atom的许多功能是通过包来提供的，每个Atom包从我们发布beta版就已经开源。今天，我们会开源Atom其余部分，包括了核心应用程序，Atom包管理器，基于Chromium的桌面应用程序框架和Atom Shell。 +Atom的许多功能是通过包来提供的，从我们发布beta版开始所有Atom包就已经开源。今天，我们会开源Atom的剩余部分，包括核心应用程序、Atom包管理器，以及基于Chromium的桌面应用程序框架和Atom Shell。 ### Atom核心 -[Atom核心][2]包含不是通过包提供的部分应用程序。包括构建系统，Atom国际化环境，工作区和窗口，以及文本编辑组建。随着时间的推移，我们从Atom库提取功能可供独立使用，并且我们期望这个过程持续下去。 +[Atom核心][2]包含了包以外的应用程序部分。包括构建系统、Atom国际化环境、工作区和窗口，以及文本编辑组件。随着时间的推移，我们从Atom中把一些功能提取出来放入库中以便能独立使用，我们期望这个过程能一直持续下去。 ### Atom包管理器 -Atom包管理器，[`apm`][3], 是个客户端库和命令行多功能程序，可促进发布和安装Atom包。 `apm`目前是由`atom.io`提供动力，但是我们计划标准化后端API，如此你就能管理自己的注册簿。 +Atom包管理器，[`apm`][3], 是个客户端库和命令行多功能程序，用来帮助发布和安装Atom包。 `apm`目前是由`atom.io`提供支持，但是我们计划将后端API标准化，如此你就能管理自己的注册簿（registy）了。 ### Atom Shell -最后，我们很兴奋[Atom Shell][4]开源。超过2.5年的开发，Atom已成为一个寄居蟹，在Cocoa `WebView`中开始它的生命，然后移居到[Chromium嵌入式框架][5], 最终安家在Atom Shell中。我们尝试短暂地使用[Node-Webkit][6]，但是我们决定采用@zcbenz构建的框架。 +最后，同Atom一样，我们真的很兴奋[Atom Shell][4]也能够开源。超过2.5年的开发，Atom已成为一个寄居蟹，它首先在Cocoa `WebView`中开始生命，然后移居到[Chromium嵌入式框架][5], 最终安家在Atom Shell中。我们尝试短暂地使用[Node-Webkit][6]，但是我们决定采用@zcbenz构建的框架。 -我们采取在整洁的环境中整合Chromium和Node，维护的方式，包括在Node中发起增加[multi-context支持][7]。我们也建立了[brightray][8]和[libchromiumcontent][9]，使其更易嵌入Chromium到本地应用程序作为共享库。 +我们采取在整洁、可维护的环境中整合Chromium和Node，包括在Node中发起增加[multi-context支持][7]。我们也建立了[brightray][8]和[libchromiumcontent][9]，使其更易嵌入Chromium到本地应用程序作为共享库。 -## 将来！ +## 关于未来！ -在大量Atom 1.0版本准备发布之前。在接下来几个月，我们将集中改善性能，在Linux和Windows上发放测试，以及使API趋于稳定。我们认为开源会帮助我们更快达到目标，更重要的是，源代码将给你透明度和控制权，你能从你的工具中告诉我们你想要的。 +在Atom 1.0版本准备发布之前仍然有大量的工作要做。在接下来几个月，我们将集中改善性能，在Linux和Windows上发放测试，以及使API趋于稳定。我们认为开源会帮助我们更快达到目标，更重要的是，源代码将给你透明度和控制权，你能从你的工具中告诉我们你想要的。 在迄今为止的Atom beta版本中我们感谢每个参与进来的开发者。你的反馈，包和请求（PR）是无价的。如果我们不打算在我们的余生使用它，我们是不会构建一个文本编辑器的，我们很高兴把这关键一步变为现实。 @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Atom包管理器，[`apm`][3], 是个客户端库和命令行多功能程序， via: http://blog.atom.io/2014/05/06/atom-is-now-open-source.html -译者：[Vito](https://github.com/vito-L) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[Vito](https://github.com/vito-L) 校对：[Mr小眼儿](http://blog.csdn.net/tinyeyeser) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From c9fbb2ce915de8863280b920a9c6adf886916d33 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Frank Zhang Date: Thu, 8 May 2014 16:37:23 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 026/601] [translated] Embedded tech and use of Linux at the 2014 GPU Technology Conference --- ...x at the 2014 GPU Technology Conference.md | 36 ------------------- ...x at the 2014 GPU Technology Conference.md | 35 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/Embedded tech and use of Linux at the 2014 GPU Technology Conference.md create mode 100644 translated/news/Embedded tech and use of Linux at the 2014 GPU Technology Conference.md diff --git a/sources/news/Embedded tech and use of Linux at the 2014 GPU Technology Conference.md b/sources/news/Embedded tech and use of Linux at the 2014 GPU Technology Conference.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6717b8cd3a..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/Embedded tech and use of Linux at the 2014 GPU Technology Conference.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,36 +0,0 @@ -zpl1025 -Embedded tech and use of Linux at the 2014 GPU Technology Conference -================================================================================ -![Image by opensource.com](http://opensource.com/sites/default/files/imagecache/image-full-size/images/life-uploads/gputechcon2.jpg) - -This year I attended my first [GPU Technology Conference][1] in San Jose, California (it took place the week after the [Game Developers Conference][2]). Hosted by NVIDIA, the event featured a range of talks from a large array of market segments including automotive, motion picture, gaming, scientific, cloud, system integrators, and startups. The schedule was a mixture of three main keynotes, 500 technical sessions, hands-on programming labs, demos, and an expo floor with a large number of vendors showing their latest work. - -![](http://opensource.com/sites/default/files/resize/images/life-uploads/gputechconf1-520x385.jpg) - -The first keynote took place on the second day, and was delivered by Jen-Hsun Huang, NVIDIA CEO. His talk featured announcements of new architectures such as [Pascal][3] that will power the next generation of GPGPU products from the company, to the [Jetson TK1][4] which is billed as the world's first embedded supercomputer. While Pascal will be used in the next generation of supercomputers and workstations, Jetson is targeted at the embedded market and both make extensive use of Linux. The keynote featured an Audi self-driven car appearing on stage powered by a Jetson-based architecture, and it ended in the announcement that all attendees would receive an Android powered NVIDIA shield. - -![](http://opensource.com/sites/default/files/resize/images/life-uploads/jetson-350x466.jpg) - -The second keynote featured a live demo of the real-time rendering work done at Pixar, showing how the animators have benefited from the latest developments in GPU technology to more effectively gain feedback before final renders. The final keynote was delivered by Dr. Adam Gazzaley, a neuroscientist at the University of California at San Francisco who is working on the use of video games for cognitive enhancement. This featured a live demo with virtual reality using the Occulus Rift, and real-time electrical measurement/feedback into the game. - -![](http://opensource.com/sites/default/files/resize/images/life-uploads/pixartech2-520x390.jpg) - -One of the major reasons I attended was to learn more about the latest development in visualization, and there were a good number of sessions that looked at this along with the synergy of GPGPU computation and real-time feedback from visualization. More and more supercomputers are now making use of GPGPU accelerators, such as Titan at Oak Ridge National Lab. A large number of sessions were delivered by NVIDIA engineers and developers, but there were also a number of sessions delivered by scientists working on real problems (largely focused on GPGPU rather than rendering/visualization). There was an extensive poster session, showcasing applications across a broad range of areas with the opportunity to talk to the developers. Many of the projects featured were open source and made extensive use of libraries familiar to many of us. - -It is clear that OpenGL is alive and well, with many exciting developments in this area. Interestingly, many of these are being fuelled by growing interest from the gaming industry as they port to new Linux-based platforms such as [SteamOS][5]. Live demos were given on the Jetson in the future of OpenGL session, and the [Approaching Zero Driver Overhead][6] talk from the preceding Game Developers Conference was referenced quite heavily. Several enhancements to the binary driver were mentioned in reference to better supporting scene graphs and real-time ray-tracing using nVidia's Optix platform was showcased and ultimately featured in one of the awards for the work on the [HIV capsid as a showcase][7] of what GPU technology can do to help drive forward progress in scientific research. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://opensource.com/life/14/4/gpu-technology-conference-2014 - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.gputechconf.com/ -[2]:http://www.gdconf.com/ -[3]:http://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2014/03/25/gpu-roadmap-pascal/ -[4]:http://www.nvidia.com/object/jetson-tk1-embedded-dev-kit.html -[5]:http://steamcommunity.com/linux -[6]:http://www.slideshare.net/CassEveritt/approaching-zero-driver-overhead -[7]:http://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2014/03/27/researchers-win-third-annual-cuda-achievement-award-three-new-cuda-fellows-named/ diff --git a/translated/news/Embedded tech and use of Linux at the 2014 GPU Technology Conference.md b/translated/news/Embedded tech and use of Linux at the 2014 GPU Technology Conference.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9544bef970 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/Embedded tech and use of Linux at the 2014 GPU Technology Conference.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +2014 GPU技术大会上关于Linux的嵌入式技术和应用 +================================================================================ +![Image by opensource.com](http://opensource.com/sites/default/files/imagecache/image-full-size/images/life-uploads/gputechcon2.jpg) + +今年我第一次参加了在加利福尼亚圣琼斯举办的[GPU技术大会][1]（就在[游戏开发者大会][2]之后的星期里）。在这次由NVIDIA主办的会议上，广泛讨论了包括自动化，动画，游戏，科研，云，系统集成，和新兴公司在内的各个领域的主题。活动议程主要由三大部分组成，500场技术会议，实地编程场所和展示，以及一个展示大厅可以让参与者展示他们最新的工作成果。 + +![](http://opensource.com/sites/default/files/resize/images/life-uploads/gputechconf1-520x385.jpg) + +第一个活动在第二天，由NVIDIA CEO黄仁勋带来的演讲。他公布了应用于公司的下一代GPGPU产品的全新架构[Pascal][3]，以及被称为世界上第一台嵌入式超级电脑的[Jetson TK1][4]。Pascal将应用在下一代超级电脑或者工作站上，而Jetson主要针对嵌入式市场，这两个都普遍使用了Linux。活动中还展示了奥迪的应用了Jetson架构的无人驾驶汽车，最后以每位参与者都获赠一部应用了Android系统的NVIDIA Shield的通知结束。 + +![](http://opensource.com/sites/default/files/resize/images/life-uploads/jetson-350x466.jpg) + +第二个活动重点是Pixar的实时渲染现场演示，展示了动画设计师们如何受益于最新的GPU技术，而更有效地在最终渲染之前获取反馈。最后的活动由Adam Gazzaley博士主持，来自加州大学三藩分校的神经学科学家，他在研究应用视频游戏来帮助增强认知。活动现场展示了使用Occulus Rift游戏头盔做的虚拟现实技术，实时电子测量/反馈数据到游戏中。 + +![](http://opensource.com/sites/default/files/resize/images/life-uploads/pixartech2-520x390.jpg) + +我参加这次大会的主要原因之一是想更多地了解一下目前可视化领域的最新开发情况，活动中有很多会议关注这个领域以及GPGPU协同运算和可视化实时反馈。越来越多的超级电脑也开始应用GPGPU加速，例如橡树岭国家实验室的Titan。大部分会议由NVIDIA工程师和开发者主持，不过也有许多会议由研究实际问题的科学家带来（相对于渲染/可视化，大部分关注在GPGPU）。还有一场海报会议，展示大范围的各种应用，还提供了和开发之直接对话的机会。许多项目都是开源的，扩展应用了许多我们熟悉的库。 + +很明显OpenGL在这个领域很活跃，有大量令人激动的开发。有意思的是，它们之中大多数借助了游戏产业的持续增长，因为需要移植到新的基于Linux的平台比如[SteamOS][5]。在OpenGL未来会议上展示了运行在Jetson平台的现场演示，而且在之前游戏开发者大会上的[实现零驱动开销][6]的演讲在本次大会中被大量引用。一些二进制驱动的改善被提到，用来更好地支持采用nVidia的Optix平台的场景图形和实时光线跟踪技术，通过大会的一个获奖作品[HIV壳体展示][7]，展示了GPU技术在科研领域带来的促进作用。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://opensource.com/life/14/4/gpu-technology-conference-2014 + +译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.gputechconf.com/ +[2]:http://www.gdconf.com/ +[3]:http://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2014/03/25/gpu-roadmap-pascal/ +[4]:http://www.nvidia.com/object/jetson-tk1-embedded-dev-kit.html +[5]:http://steamcommunity.com/linux +[6]:http://www.slideshare.net/CassEveritt/approaching-zero-driver-overhead +[7]:http://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2014/03/27/researchers-win-third-annual-cuda-achievement-award-three-new-cuda-fellows-named/ From 9e265b28c4136dc18e6ea6a1c17442e01f60c524 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Thu, 8 May 2014 16:51:00 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 027/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140508-1=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md | 42 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 42 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md diff --git a/sources/news/Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md b/sources/news/Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e9f66e6d03 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release +================================================================================ +![LXQt with KWin. Other window managers can be used.](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/lxqt.jpg) + +**The first public release of LXQt, the next generation of popular lightweight Linux desktop environment LXDE, has been made available to download.** + +It arrives [almost a year][1] after the teams behind the LXDE Qt initiative and Razor-qt desktop projects decided to merge. By pooling resources to focus on a single desktop environment, instead of two, the team say they hope to “offer the best possible experience while reusing as much code as possible.” + +Ten months on and a number of core improvements have been made, both in the way the desktop works and in the feature set it offers. Today’s beta release, intended for early testers and developers, is already said to be ‘stable and useable’. + +### The Beginning of Something Beautiful ### + +The unified development team behind the project are continuing to focus on offering a lightweight and user-friendly alternative to the heavier and increasingly complex shells. LXQt will remain well suited to lower specced computers using a leaner, faster and modular codebase than that currently offered by the GTK-based LXDE. + +Several significant changes have bridged the previous formal release of Razor-qt (0.5.2) and today’s debut, including a Qt port of the PCManFM file manager, improvements to system settings, new modular components and on-going progress in supporting both Qt5 and the Wayland display protocol. + +Development of the GTK version of the shell will, the team say, continue for the foreseeable future. Those running Lubuntu 14.04 LTS certainly have no need to panic, with Lubuntu devs committed to providing three years of ongoing fixes. + +The team behind the Ubuntu spin have previously stated their intention to transition to the Qt-based desktop as early as Lubuntu 14.10. Whether this happens will be decided in the coming months. + +#### Trying it Out #### + +LXQt is in active development and so it is not recommended for use on any device you hold dear. + +The [Lubuntu Daily PPA][2] plays host to the required packages for LXQt, including a meta-package to simplify installation. + +A number of Qt dependencies will be pulled in as part of the installation process. Those wrestling with a particularly pathetic internet connection should plan accordingly. + +Source tarballs, install details for Arch and Debian users, and links to more information can be found on the newly launched website for the project. + +- [Visit the Official LXQt Project Website][3] +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/next-gen-linux-desktop-lxqt-makes-first-public-release + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://blog.lxde.org/?p=1046 +[2]:https://launchpad.net/~lubuntu-dev/+archive/lubuntu-daily +[3]:http://lxqt.org/ \ No newline at end of file From 5e49a4cdbcdeaa07cae857f45ebeabd74dd9443b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Thu, 8 May 2014 17:08:20 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 028/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140508-2=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...o Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md | 101 +++++ sources/tech/How to use LVM in Linux.md | 353 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 454 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/How to use LVM in Linux.md diff --git a/sources/tech/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/tech/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..09fe872b69 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04 +================================================================================ +![You can upgrade to GNOME 3.12 – but it’s not advised](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Screen-Shot-2014-03-26-at-21.53.58-350x200.png) + +**If you’ve recently installed or upgraded to Ubuntu GNOME 14.04 LTS then you will no doubt be enjoying a stable, dependable GNOME Shell experience.** + +But I suspect that the more nerdcore users among you would rather trade in the stability that’s offered up by default for a newer, badder, and potentially much buggier experience. You want to know how to upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04? + +### Well, I’m here to show you how. First though, I n ### + +GNOME 3.12 was released in late March to much fanfare and some fantastic reviews. But despite going ‘stable’ before Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, released last month, it is not available to install from the Ubuntu 14.04 repositories — why? + +Simply put it came too late in the development cycle to give enough time to thoroughly vet, test and ensure it was up to the standards an LTS release commands, and its users expect. Defaulting to the older 3.10 release makes sense as it benefits from having an extra cycle of thorough testing under its belt. + +It’s for this reason that **upgrading to GNOME 3.12 is not recommended**. + +Understood? Great, let’s move on to the fun stuff. + +### How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04 ### + +#### Make sure you’re running 3.10 #### + +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/gr.jpg) + +To follow this guide correctly you need to be running the latest release of Ubuntu (14.04 LTS) or Ubuntu GNOME. If not, stop now; you must upgrade before you continue. If you don’t you can expect a whole world of hassle to follow. + +If you’re running the regular version of Ubuntu (i.e., the one with Unity) then you should go ahead and grab GNOME 3.10 from the Ubuntu Software Centre before proceeding. + +Click the button below to prompt installation. + +- [Install GNOME 3.10 in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS][1] + +#### Add the GNOME 3.12 PPA #### + +It was originally expected that GNOME 3.12 would be made available through the standard GNOME Team PPA following the release of Trusty. Three weeks hence, that hasn’t happened. As of writing it contains a handful of minor 3.10 packages and not anything related to the newest release. + +However, the [GNOME Team Staging PPA][2] does contain all of the various 3.12 packages one needs to upgrade. Adding this archive should, the developers behind it say, result in a desktop that ‘runs smoothly’ but that packages included within have not been deemed ‘ready for general use’. + +Providing you’re a dab hand with the PPA Purge tool you should be okay to continue. First, let’s check for and install any outstanding distribution updates: + + sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade + +Install any packages waiting by hitting the enter key. + +Once complete, or if you have no pending updates at all, you can add the GNOME 3 Team Staging PPA. To do this, open a new Terminal window and enter the following commands: + + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3-staging + + sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade + +You’ll be prompted to enter your password before the upgrade process can begin. Pay attention to any notices or alerts given. If all is acceptable agree to the installation by hitting the ‘y’ key. + +#### Extras #### + +For a true GNOME experience you may wish to grab some of the new GNOME applications, such as the [Polari IRC client, GNOME Maps and the GNOME Web browser][3]. To install these three in particular run the following command: + + sudo apt-get install epiphany-browser gnome-maps polari -y + +After everything has finished doing what it needs to, you’re safe to reboot! + + sudo apt-get install epiphany-browser gnome-maps polari -y + +After everything has finished doing what it needs to, you’re safe to reboot! + +### After Care ### + +#### Logging In #### + +If you’re coming from Unity, Xfce or another desktop environment don’t forget to select the GNOME session from the login screen before logging in. + +#### Drawbacks #### + +![GNOME Weather & GNOME Maps in 3.12](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/gnome-aspps.jpg) + +For me, in my lone experience, GNOME 3.12 on Ubuntu 14.04 runs pretty much fine. There do not appear to be any significant performance regressions after upgrading, though I do see the odd, infrequent visual glitch that occurs when opening the activities overlay, and the occasional disappearing drop shadow from under an app. But as bugs go these are hardly deal breakers. + +Performance seems to be on par with GNOME 3.10; applications open with just as much pep and there are no noticeable drops in interactivity. + +I was marginally disappointed to find that the all new GNOME Videos application has not been packaged up in this PPA. One suspects there are reasons for this (likely requiring a newer version of streamer). I also noticed that several GNOME extensions refused to work after upgrading, something else to bear in mind. + +With the lack of testing this has received, bugs are pretty much guaranteed. If you want stability (or to keep Unity working and intact) stick with the thoroughly tested GNOME 3.10. + +### Downgrade from GNOME 3.12 to 3.10 ### + +But if you want shiny new features and access to the latest builds of GNOME apps then don’t be afraid to give the staging PPA a whirl. You can always ‘downgrade’ using PPA Purge if things go awry. + + sudo apt-get install ppa-purge + + sudo ppa-purge ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3-staging + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/upgrade-gnome-3-12-ubuntu-14-04 + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:apt:gnome-shell +[2]:https://launchpad.net/~gnome3-team/+archive/gnome3-staging?field.series_filter=trusty +[3]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/03/top-12-features-gnome-3-12 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/How to use LVM in Linux.md b/sources/tech/How to use LVM in Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..32b8075c71 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/How to use LVM in Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,353 @@ +How to use LVM in Linux +================================================================================ +Logical Volume Manager (LVM) is a versatile disk management system that can easily be used in Linux or similar operating systems. Traditional partitions are created in fixed sizes, and resizing them is a tedious process. On the other hand, LVM creates and manages "logical" volumes off of physical hard disks, and provides administrators the flexibility to extend and shrink logical volumes easily on demand without damaging stored data. Additional hard disks can be added to LVM at will, further increasing existing logical volumes. LVM does not need reboot as long as the kernel is aware of the existence of a partition. + +LVM uses a hierarchical structure as it can be seen in the following diagram. + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2910/14127487464_96b24a906b_z.jpg) + +At the top, we have physical volumes. One or more physical volumes are used to create a volume group. Logical volumes are then created from these volume groups. As long as there is space available in the volume group, we can create logical volumes from the volume group. File system is created on these logical volumes, which are then mounted and accessible in the operating system. + +### LVM Test Scenario ### + +This tutorial will describe **how to use LVM to create and manage LVM volumes in Linux**. The tutorial will be divided into two parts. In the first part, we will create several logical volumes on one hard disk, and mount them in /lvm-mount directory. We will then resize the created volumes. In the second part, we will add additional volumes created from a second hard disk to LVM. + +### Preparing Disk Partitions ### + +Disk partitions are created using fdisk. We will create three partitions of 1 GB each, though identical sized partitions are not mandatory. Also, the partitions are created as type '8e' to make them compatible with LVM. + + # fdisk /dev/sdb + +---------- + + Command (m for help): n ## new + Command action + e extended + p primary partition (1-4) + p ## primary + + Partition number (1-4): 1 ## partition number + First cylinder (1-1044, default 1): ## hit enter + Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1044, default 1044): +1G ## size + + Command (m for help): t ## change type + Selected partition 1 + Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e ## code for LVM + Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM) + +We repeat the same steps to create two other partitions. After the partitions are created, we should get an output similar to this: + + # fdisk -l + +---------- + + Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System + /dev/sdb1 1 132 1060258+ 8e Linux LVM + /dev/sdb2 133 264 1060290 8e Linux LVM + /dev/sdb3 265 396 1060290 8e Linux LVM + +### Preparing Physical Volumes ### + +The newly created partitions are used to store physical volumes. LVM can work with different sized physical volumes. + + # pvcreate /dev/sdb1 + # pvcreate /dev/sdb2 + # pvcreate /dev/sdb3 + +Physical volumes can be verified using the following command. The following section contains partial output. "/dev/sdb2" is a new physical volume of "1.01 GiB". + + # pvdisplay + +---------- + + --- NEW Physical volume --- + PV Name /dev/sdb2 + VG Name + PV Size 1.01 GiB + Allocatable NO + PE Size 0 + Total PE 0 + Free PE 0 + Allocated PE 0 + PV UUID jszvzz-ENA2-g5Pd-irhV-T9wi-ZfA3-0xo092 + +Physical volumes can be deleted using the following command. + + # pvremove /dev/sdb1 + +### Preparing Volume Groups ### + +The following command creates a volume group named 'volume-group1' by using the physical volumes /dev/sdb1, /dev/sdb2 and /dev/sdb3. + + # vgcreate volume-group1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdb3 + +Volume groups can be verified using the following command. + + # vgdisplay + +---------- + + --- Volume group --- + VG Name volume-group1 + System ID + Format lvm2 + Metadata Areas 3 + Metadata Sequence No 1 + VG Access read/write + VG Status resizable + MAX LV 0 + Cur LV 0 + Open LV 0 + Max PV 0 + Cur PV 3 + Act PV 3 + VG Size 3.02 GiB + PE Size 4.00 MiB + Total PE 774 + Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 + Free PE / Size 774 / 3.02 GiB + VG UUID bwd2pS-fkAz-lGVZ-qc7C-TaKv-fFUC-IzGNBK + +We can view used/total size of the volume group from the output. Logical volumes take the space of the volume group. As long as there is free space available in the volume group, we can create logical volumes. + +Volume groups can be deleted using the following command. + + # vgremove volume-group1 + +### Creating Logical Volumes ### + +The following command creates a logical volume named 'lv1' of size 100MB. We are using small sized partitions to reduce processing time. The logical volume will take its space from the volume group defined earlier. + + # lvcreate -L 100M -n lv1 volume-group1 + +Logical volumes can be verified using the command lvdisplay. + + # lvdisplay + +---------- + + --- Logical volume --- + LV Name /dev/volume-group1/lv1 + VG Name volume-group1 + LV UUID YNQ1aa-QVt1-hEj6-ArJX-I1Q4-y1h1-OFEtlW + LV Write Access read/write + LV Status available + # open 0 + LV Size 100.00 MiB + Current LE 25 + Segments 1 + Allocation inherit + Read ahead sectors auto + - currently set to 256 + Block device 253:2 + +Now that the logical volume is ready, we can format and mount the logical volume like any other ext2/3/4 partition. + + # mkfs.ext4 /dev/volume-group1/lv1 + # mkdir /lvm-mount + # mount /dev/volume-group1/lv1 /lvm-mount/ + +Once the logical volume is mounted, we can access it by reading/writing to the mount point /lvm-mount/. To create and mount additional logical volumes, we can repeat this process. + +Finally, we can delete any logical volume with lvremove. + + # umount /lvm-mount/ + # lvremove /dev/volume-group1/lv1 + +### Expanding an LVM Volume ### + +The ability to resize a logical volume is the best part about using LVM. This section will discuss how we can expand an existing logical volume. We will be expanding the previously created logical volume 'lv1' to 200 MB. + +Note that after resizing a logical volume, we also need to resize the file system to match. This extra step varies depending on which file system is created in the volume. In this tutorial, we created ext4 file system on 'lv1', so the instruction here focused on ext4 file system (it is compatible with ext2/3 file system as well). The sequence of the commands is important. + +First, we unmount the volume. + + # umount /lvm-mount/ + +Then, the size of the volume is set to be 200M. + + # lvresize -L 200M /dev/volume-group1/lv1 + +Next, the disk is checked for errors. + + # e2fsck -f /dev/volume-group1/lv1 + +After that, the ext4 information is updated. + + # resize2fs /dev/volume-group1/lv1 + +The logical volume should be extended to 200 MB by now. We can verify it by checking the LV status. + + # lvdisplay + +---------- + + --- Logical volume --- + LV Name /dev/volume-group1/lv1 + VG Name volume-group1 + LV UUID 9RtmMY-0RIZ-Dq40-ySjU-vmrj-f1es-7rXBwa + LV Write Access read/write + LV Status available + # open 0 + LV Size 200.00 MiB + Current LE 50 + Segments 1 + Allocation inherit + Read ahead sectors auto + - currently set to 256 + Block device 253:2 + +Now the logical volume can be mounted again, and be used just like any partition. + +### Shrinking an LVM Volume ### + +This section will cover the method of reducing the size of an LVM. The sequence of the commands is important. Again, this instruction is valid for ext2/3/4 file system. + +Note that reducing the size of the logical volume to a value less than stored data will end in loss of data. + +First, the volume is unmounted. + + # umount /dev/volume-group1/lv1 + +Then, the volume is checked for errors. + + # e2fsck -f /dev/volume-group1/lv1 + +Next, the ext4 information is updated. + + # resize2fs /dev/volume-group1/lv1 100M + +After that, the logical volume is reduced. + + # lvresize -L 100M /dev/volume-group1/lv1 + +> WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 100.00 MiB +> THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.) +> Do you really want to reduce lv1? [y/n]: y +> Reducing logical volume lv1 to 100.00 MiB +> Logical volume lv1 successfully resized + +Finally, the updated size of the logical volume is verified. + + # lvdisplay + +---------- + + --- Logical volume --- + LV Name /dev/volume-group1/lv1 + VG Name volume-group1 + LV UUID 9RtmMY-0RIZ-Dq40-ySjU-vmrj-f1es-7rXBwa + LV Write Access read/write + LV Status available + # open 0 + LV Size 100.00 MiB + Current LE 25 + Segments 1 + Allocation inherit + Read ahead sectors auto + - currently set to 256 + Block device 253:2 + +### Expanding a Volume Group ### + +This section will cover the method of expanding a volume group by adding a new physical volume to the volume group. Let us assume that our volume group 'volume-group1' is full, and needs to be expanded. Our current hard disk (sdb) does not have any spare partitions, and we have added another hard disk (sdc). We will see how we can expand the volume group by adding a partition from sdc. + +To check the current state of VG. + + # vgdisplay volume-group1 + +---------- + + --- Volume group --- + VG Name volume-group1 + System ID + Format lvm2 + Metadata Areas 3 + Metadata Sequence No 8 + VG Access read/write + VG Status resizable + MAX LV 0 + Cur LV 1 + Open LV 0 + Max PV 0 + Cur PV 3 + Act PV 3 + VG Size 3.02 GiB + PE Size 4.00 MiB + Total PE 774 + Alloc PE / Size 25 / 100.00 MiB + Free PE / Size 749 / 2.93 GiB + VG UUID bwd2pS-fkAz-lGVZ-qc7C-TaKv-fFUC-IzGNBK + +First, we create a 2 GB partition sdc1 of type LVM (8e) as explained earlier in the tutorial. + + # fdisk /dev/sdc + +---------- + + Command (m for help): n + Command action + e extended + p primary partition (1-4) + p + Partition number (1-4): 1 + First cylinder (1-1044, default 1): + Using default value 1 + Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1044, default 1044): +2G + + Command (m for help): t + Selected partition 1 + Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e + Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM) + + Command (m for help): w + The partition table has been altered! + +Then, we create a physical volume /dev/sdc1. + + # pvcreate /dev/sdc1 + +Now that the physical volume is ready, we can simply add it to the existing volume group 'volume-group1'. + + # vgextend volume-group1 /dev/sdc1 + +We can verify it using vgdisplay. + + # vgdisplay + +---------- + + --- Volume group --- + VG Name volume-group1 + System ID + Format lvm2 + Metadata Areas 4 + Metadata Sequence No 9 + VG Access read/write + VG Status resizable + MAX LV 0 + Cur LV 1 + Open LV 0 + Max PV 0 + Cur PV 4 + Act PV 4 + VG Size 5.03 GiB + PE Size 4.00 MiB + Total PE 1287 + Alloc PE / Size 25 / 100.00 MiB + Free PE / Size 1262 / 4.93 GiB + VG UUID bwd2pS-fkAz-lGVZ-qc7C-TaKv-fFUC-IzGNBK + +Note that although we have used a separate disk for demonstration, any disk of type '8e' can be used for expanding a volume group. + +To sum up, LVM is a very powerful tool for creating and managing resizable partitions. In this tutorial, we have seen how dynamic partitions can be created and used using LVM. We have also seen the method of expanding/reducing the logical volumes and volume groups, and adding new hard disks to LVM. + +Hope this helps. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/use-lvm-linux.html + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file From 86266b756d9beb0bf47a799d70e8cc4dba5258ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Thu, 8 May 2014 17:32:28 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 029/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140508-3=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- sources/talk/Making Linux Feel at Home.md | 134 ++++++++++++++++++ ...ve USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md | 44 ++++++ ...d and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig.md | 123 ++++++++++++++++ 3 files changed, 301 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/Making Linux Feel at Home.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/Start Practising Linux ip command and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig.md diff --git a/sources/talk/Making Linux Feel at Home.md b/sources/talk/Making Linux Feel at Home.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e1b004f3ad --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/Making Linux Feel at Home.md @@ -0,0 +1,134 @@ +Making Linux Feel at Home +================================================================================ +**Hiring Tux is a smart move for both small and large businesses. Linux once was considered a hobbyist's operating system, but it has come a long way and now is considered enterprise class. It is considered very stable and secure. Linux can easily be customized, and there is a huge community eager to help out. Those are just some of the reasons to migrate to the Linux desktop.** + +Migrating to a different operating system is never easy. Keeping the Windows opened or not chewing on a MacIntosh can be a frustrating and costly experience. Buying new upgraded hardware to keep up with costly new software releases is often an exercise in futility. + +Running a Linux distribution at home or in a small office environment can be a productive endeavor that brings cost savings and increased efficiency. Adopting a Linux server system instead of playing catch-up with a Microsoft infrastructure is often a smart business move for enterprise environments. + +However, the process of giving up a comfort zone around a familiar operating system often seems more of a challenge than it actually is. Individual users and SMBs can move into the Linux desktop in stages. The software is free, and users already have suitable hardware that can function with both platforms. + +Many larger enterprises already run their own Linux server silos and integrate Linux desktop use where it fits more easily. The growing use of cloud-based software lets office workers use their workstations without realizing any major change occurred. + +"Migrating to Linux is based on the use case. If you are home or are a developer, you are going to want to use all the power available in Linux. That is a no-brainer. There is no one easy way to migrate to another operating system. No one use case fits all. It is dependent on the user base," Mike Vitale, chief technology officer for [TalkPoint][1], told LinuxInsider. + +Working with enterprise clients in SMB environments, Vitale sees a growing movement of individual users and corporate leaders taking advantage of new technologies that draw them toward Linux. + +### Comfort Counts ### + +One of those Linux technologies is the Chrome OS and the low-cost laptop computers now powered by the Linux-based Chrome browser OS. + +For users already familiar with Google's Chrome browser or the open source Chromium browser project, using a Chromebook or cloud-based delivery system makes migrating to Linux an easy walk in the park. + +"One of the issues, regardless of which OS is used, is the browser capabilities. We have found that 85 percent of the time the user is in a browser," Thomas Deng, cofounder and senior vice president of product management for [Splashtop][2], told LinuxInsider. + +There's a growing interest in people adapting to newer technologies with quick learning curves, Deng observed. People use a variety of products. So migrating to an OS that resembles what they use on another device makes for a smoother transition. + +### hrome Craze Caters ### + +Mobile device users both at home and at work are becoming proficient with Linux without knowing it. They move back and forth among several operating systems. With that familiarity comes a comfort zone for open source. Using cross-platform software delivered from a cloud platform is an added migration measure. + +"What Google is doing is really interesting with the office suite. Google is opening the door with its Chrome OS now," said Vitale. + +A good example of opening doors while shutting Windows is how his company uses Chrome-driven tools in-house. For instance, TalkPoint uses the ChromeBox appliance. + +"That is opening the door for multimedia teams and traditional AV users. We are seeing a lot of inroads with that technology," Vitale explained. + +### Tablets Tackle Tradition ### + +Another instance of Linux devices paving the way for desktop OS migration is the popularity of the Android OS. Add to this the Linux distros retooled for smartphones and tablets. + +"As far as migrating people to Linux goes, people are getting more comfortable with the tablet interface, especially with their unhappiness over the Windows 8 interface. Everyone I know is trying to turn it back to Windows 7," said Vitale. + +### Cloud Has Linux Clout ### + +People expect to use their familiar productivity tools like MS Office for word processing. There is less familiarity with open source products on the Windows platform, so integrating open source before starting a move to fully implementing the Linux desktop helps, noted Deng. + +That trend of Windows users not knowing about open source is changing with the popularity of Google Docs and the Google Chrome browser, he pointed out. + +"What is also easing the transition to Linux is the shift to using cloud applications," Deng said. "Educating the user is the most effective way to move users into Linux. The Chromebook is becoming very widely adopted. It is an easy migration path into Linux." + +### Tux the Mighty ### + +Hiring Tux, the Penguin that is the Linux mascot, is a smart move for both small and large businesses. It is a mature, stable and flexible operating system that definitely can do the job, according to Shaun Seller, senior product manager at [Vision Solutions][3]. + +"For a small business, running Linux is a compelling alternative to other operating systems and may provide advantages, depending on your business needs," Seller told LinuxInsider. + +It once was considered a hobbyist's operating system. Linux has come a long way and now is considered enterprise class. It is considered very stable and secure. Linux can easily be customized, and there is a huge community eager to help out, he said. Those are just some of the reasons to migrate to the Linux desktop. + +### Good Business Cents ### + +Leveraging more of the community support model can create cost savings, Seller said. Linux is available free with community support or through subscriptions that offer full technical support. Some Linux distributions also come with things like hardware and software certifications, which may be important for some work environments. + +For example, small businesses and larger enterprises can run a distribution such as CentOS or OpenSuse completely or in combination with a subscription-based version from [Red Hat][4] or Suse. Even with a full subscription model, Linux offers a lower total cost of ownership and better return on investment than Windows or traditional Unix, explained Seller. + +"I believe it makes sense for smaller businesses to take a close look at Linux," added Sellers. "Linux has a bright future, as open source software in general is helping drive innovation at a fast pace, with help and collaboration from the community, and companies like IBM and Red Hat." + +### Cozy but Cautious ### + +Operating systems can produce divided loyalties within families and workplaces. Take the case of Walker White, CTO of [BDNA][5]. He uses Linux as a desktop OS at home, but his family is not so enthusiastic about his computing passion. + +"My family members use Mac gear. They blindly follow the marketing ploys and the feature hype without any consideration of performance and such. I am on a personal holy war at home to try slipping more allegiance towards Linux," White told LinuxInsider. + +There are similar allegiance struggles in his company, he said, where the Linux desktop is not yet universally used -- but he is laying the foundation for a wider Linux deployment at work. + +BDNA uses the Google applications internally quite a bit. The company is migrating more and more things to cloud-based offerings. However, that will take more support from ongoing preparations. + +"When I switch over to applications like [OpenOffice][6], that operation has to be really seamless for it to start getting better adoption. From a pure marketing perspective, developers need to change the game a little bit. Apple is winning the hearts and minds of the young kids and the younger generations through their 30s. I see that attitude often at my company," he said. + +### Tux Takes On Apple ### + +Requests for new equipment are very specific to the high-end MacBook Pro, explained White. Even though the tools they mostly are using are based online, workers BDNA want the flashy, highly advertised hardware names. + +To break that view, he has to separate function from OS and hardware. Part of that battle is to insulate the user from the operating system itself. That can happen only when the industry has productivity applications both online and offline, according to While. + +"Even simple things like using file managers need to focus on not the OS but what that OS allows us to do within the apps that we use," he said. + +### Making Comfy Complete ### + +How much should an operating system control the computer user? That question is critical in migrating to Linux, said Whites. + +Consider the growing success of the Chromebook and Android phones and tablets. Do consumers really need to know they are running Linux? + +"I think the key to Linux migration and success of the Linux desktop in the home is tied to how much can we actually do online," White said. "Since I use Linux at home, I see the advantages." + +Whether you start at the consumer level at home or move up to the business user in the home or in a small business setting, it's important that users be comfortable with all of the tools and features they use. That includes things like sharing and creating documents, and everything that goes along with that, he explained. + +### Migrating Measures ### + +As for marketing, software and hardware makers need to put less emphasis on the operating system. For example, Chromebook is gaining acceptance in much the same way as Apple sells the MacBook. Google is not so much hawking a Linux OS as it is selling an appliance, White reasoned. + +"What developers really need to do is change the focus, so users get comfortable with Linux in their homes without dwelling on using a non-Windows or non-Mac operating system. Whatever you use has to be able to do the things you want it to do. Something like Chromebook does that with Linux under the covers," he pointed out. + +Computer makers must first start to break that mold of "it is Windows" or "it is a Mac." Until that happens, migrating to Linux will be a steep climb, White concluded. + +"It is not about branding the OS," he said. "It is about the capabilities of the devices the OS runs." + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/80415.html + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.talkpointcommunications.com/ +[2]:http://www.splashtop.com/ +[3]:http://www.visionsolutions.com/ +[4]:http://www.redhat.com/ +[5]:http://www.bdna.com/ +[6]:http://www.openoffice.org/ +[7]: +[8]: +[9]: +[10]: +[11]: +[12]: +[13]: +[14]: +[15]: +[16]: +[17]: +[18]: +[19]: +[20]: \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md b/sources/tech/How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8aa6d1d945 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8 +================================================================================ +First step of installing Ubuntu is to create a live USB or disk. If you are using Windows XP, 7, 8 or 8.1, you can use Universal USB Installer to create a live USB. It’s my favorite and extremely easy to use. Let’s see how to easily make a live USB of Ubuntu i Windows 8. + +### Steps to create a live USB in Windows: ### + +#### Step 1: Download Ubuntu ISO #### + +Go to [Ubuntu][1] and download the ISO image of your preferred Ubuntu version. + +#### Step 2: Download Universal USB Installer #### + +Once you have downloaded the ISO of Ubuntu 14.04, go to [this page][2] and download the latest version of Universal USB Installer. + +#### Step 3: Creating the live USB #### + +Plugin the USB drive in the computer and run Universal USB Installer. Choose Ubuntu in type of Linux, browse to the location of downloaded ISO image and then select USB drive. Don’t forget to check the format option here. + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Create_Live_USB_Ubuntu_1404.png) + +It will present you with obvious warnings, click Yes. + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Create_Live_USB_Ubuntu_1404_1.png) + +Wait for sometime for the process to complete. You can push it to background, if you like. + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Create_Live_USB_Ubuntu_1404_2.png) + +That said, live USB should be created in few minutes. + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Create_Live_USB_Ubuntu_1404_3.png) + +Once the live USB is created, you can proceed with installation of Ubuntu 14.04. I hope this tutorial helped you to easily create live USB of Ubuntu in Windows. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://itsfoss.com/create-live-usb-of-ubuntu-in-windows/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/ +[2]:http://www.pendrivelinux.com/universal-usb-installer-easy-as-1-2-3/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/Start Practising Linux ip command and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig.md b/sources/tech/Start Practising Linux ip command and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..eebf38a786 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/Start Practising Linux ip command and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig.md @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +Start Practising Linux ip command and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig +================================================================================ +The linux **ip** command is similar to **ifconfig**, but more powerful and is intended to be a replacement for it. With ip you have the advantage of performing several network administration tasks with only one command. ifconfig is one of the deprecated command within net-tools that has not been maintained for many years. The functionalities of many commands is retained with more features under iproute2 suite. + +![Net tools vs Iproute2](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Linux-Nettools-vs-Iproute2.png) + +To install ip download the **iproute2 suite utility** [here][1], however most Linux distributions will come with the iproute2 tools pre-installed. + +You can also use use git to download the source code: + + $ git clone https://kernel.googlesource.com/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shemminger/iproute2.git + +![iproute2 git clone](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/iproute2-git-clone.png) + +### Setting and Deleting an Ip Address ### + +To set an IP address for your computer, the command ip can be used as follows: + + $ sudo ip addr add 192.168.0.193/24 dev wlan0 + +Note that the IP address has a prefix, for example /24. This is used in classless inter-domain routing (CIDR) to show the subnet mask used. In this case the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. + +After you have set the IP address confirm with show, whether the the changes have taken effect. + + $ ip addr show wlan0 + +![set ip address](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/set-ip-address.png) + +You can also use the same procedure to delete an IP address by just replacing add with del. + + $ sudo ip addr del 192.168.0.193/24 dev wlan0 + +![delete ip address](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/delete-ip-address.png) + +### Show Routing Table Entry ### + +The route object of ip command also helps you to see the route packets will take in your network as set in your routing table. The first entry is the default route which you can change as you prefer. + +In this example there are several routes. These are a result of having a several devices connected through different network interface. These include WIFI, Ethernet and a point to point link. + + $ ip route show + +![ip route show](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-route-show.png) + +Suppose now that you have an IP address which you need to know the route packets will take. You can use route option as follows: + + $ ip route get 10.42.0.47 + +![ip route get](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-route-get.png) + +### Changing The Default Route ### + +To change the default route, the ip command can be used as follows: + + $ sudo ip route add default via 192.168.0.196 + +![default route](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/default-route.png) + +### Show Network Statistics ### + +The ip command can also be used to show the statistics of the various network interfaces. To do this you can use the ip command with the option -s and then specify the network device. + + $ ip -s link + +![ip statistics all interfaces](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-statistics-all-interfaces.png) + +When you need to get information about a particular network interface, add the option **ls** followed by the name of the network interface. The option **-s** when used more than once gives you more information about that particular interface. This can be very useful especially when trouble shooting errors in network connectivity. + + $ ip -s -s link ls p2p1 + +![ip link statistics](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-link-statistics-.png) + +### ARP Entries ### + +Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is used to translate an IP address to its corresponding physical address, commonly known as MAC address. With ip command you can view the MAC address of the devices connected in your LAN by using the option neigh or neighbour. + + $ ip neighbour + +![ip neighbour](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-neighbour.png) + +### Monitor Netlink Messages ### + +It is also possible to view netlink messages with ip command. The monitor option allows you to see the state of your network devices. For instance a computer on your LAN could be categorized as REACHABLE or STALE depending on its status. The command can be used as follows: + + $ ip monitor all + +![ip monitor all](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-monitor-all.png) + +### Activate and Deactivate Network Interface ### + +To activate an particular interface you can use the ip command with options up and down, almost similar to how ifconfig is used. + +In this example you can see the routing table entry when the ppp0 interface is activated and after it is deactivated and activated once again. The interface can be wlan0 or eth0. Change ppp0 to whatever interface is available in your case. + + $ sudo ip link set ppp0 down + + $ sudo ip link set ppp0 up + +![ip link set up and down](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-link-set-up-and-down.png) + +### Getting Help ### + +In case you get stuck and do not know how a particular option works you can use the help option. The man page does not give a lot of information on how to use the ip options and this is where help comes to the rescue. + +For example, to know more about the route option: + + $ ip route help + +![ip route help](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-route-help.png) + +### Conclusion ### + +The command ip is a must have tool for network administrators and all Linux users alike. It is time to move from ifconfig, especially when you are writing scripts. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/use-ip-command-linux/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.linuxgrill.com/anonymous/iproute2/NEW-OSDL/ \ No newline at end of file From bf04f28caf977567be7e0f9fc29fc51bf88807a8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: linuhap Date: Thu, 8 May 2014 21:17:42 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 030/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90=20?= =?UTF-8?q?by=20linuhap?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md | 44 ------------------- ... Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md | 42 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 42 insertions(+), 44 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/talk/Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md create mode 100644 translated/talk/Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md diff --git a/sources/talk/Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md b/sources/talk/Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md deleted file mode 100644 index 33f6e9a693..0000000000 --- a/sources/talk/Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,44 +0,0 @@ -linuhap翻译中 -Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen -================================================================================ -![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/security-key.jpg) - -**Canonical has patched a significant security flaw in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS — one that potentially allowed attackers to gain access to a user account without needing to enter a password. ** - -The ‘[lock screen bypass][1]‘ issue, for which a fix [has now been released][2], was reported on Launchpad earlier this week. - -In it, it describes a method through which user accounts ‘locked’ using the new Unity lock screen could be accessed without authorisation. - -How? By right-clicking on the indicator applets until the Alt+F2 keyboard shortcut worked. From here, a would-be chancer could issue commands, open apps, access date, and even unlock the session by running the ‘**compiz –replace**‘ command. - -A video demo of the loophole [can be viewed on YouTube][3]. - -The hack was limited to exploit by someone with local access and could not be run remotely. - -### Other Lockscreen Issues Patched ### - -The new lock screen, for all its glitter, has been keeping Canonical’s security team busy. The Bypass issue has not been the only flaw to have been discovered. - -Just days before Ubuntu 14.04 LTS was due to be released, [another critical security issue][4], one which could force a computer to unlock by triggering any readily reproducible crash at the lock screen, was (as in this case, very quickly) fixed. Another shortcut-based loophole is [currently in the process of being fixed][5]. - -### Secure ### - -With Ubuntu LTS releases favoured by many businesses, education institutions and enterprise the issues could have proven bad news. But, if anything, these issue have underline just how prompt Canonical is in responding to and fixing issues — which is hugely reassuring. - -It also underlines just how astute the company has been in deciding to only prompt current LTS users to upgrade to 14.04 LTS as of July, when the first point release lands. This extra buffer period of three month gives the Ubuntu community and its super-hero pantheon of developers more time in which to detect and fix security issues such as these. - -If you’re running Ubuntu 14.04 LTS remember to check for and install updates often. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/ubuntu-fixes-security-flaw-trusty-login-screen - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity/+bug/1313885 -[2]:https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/trusty/+source/unity/7.2.0+14.04.20140423-0ubuntu1.1 -[3]:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4UUB0sI5Fc -[4]:https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity/+bug/1308572 -[5]:https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/trusty/+source/unity/+bug/1314247 diff --git a/translated/talk/Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md b/translated/talk/Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..71c817aac7 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/talk/Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +Ubuntu修复了14.04 LTS（长期支持版）上锁屏的安全漏洞 +================================================================================ +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/security-key.jpg) + +**Canonical公司已经修补了Ubuntu 14.04 LTS上一个重大的安全漏洞 — 这个漏洞可能让攻击者不需要输入密码而获取一个用户账户。** + +“[锁屏绕开][1]”问题在本周早些时候已经发表在了Launchpad上，漏洞修复[现在已经发布][2]。 + +它描述了一种方法，通过这个方法可以在没有授权的情况下访问那些使用新的Unity锁屏并处于锁屏状态的用户账户。 + +如何做呢？右键点击指示器程序直到Alt+F2快捷键能奏效。这时，你就可以发出命令，打开程序，访问日期，甚至通过运行‘**compiz –replace**‘命令打开会话。 + +漏洞演示的一个视频[可以在YouTube上看到][3]。 + +黑客仅限于利用本地访问，并不能远程运行。 + +### 其他锁屏问题的修复 ### + +这个闪闪发光的新锁屏一直使Canonical的安全团队很忙。锁屏绕开问题并不是唯一被发现的漏洞。 +就在前几天由于要发布Ubuntu 14.04 LTS，[另一个重要的安全问题][4]被修复（在这种情况下，修复得非常快），这个漏洞可以在锁定的屏幕上通过触发任意一个容易可重复的崩溃强制电脑解锁。另一个基于快捷键的漏洞[当前正在修复的过程中][5]。 + +### 安全 ### + +随着受很多商业，教育机构和企业喜爱的Ubuntu LTS（长期支持版）的发布，这些问题可能是坏消息。但是，如果有问题的话，这都显示Canonical公司在应对和修复问题上是多么迅速——这是非常让人放心的。 + +这也显示了七月份当第一个版本发布时，该公司在决定只提示当前长期支持版用户升级到 14.04 LTS 是多么机敏。这三个月的额外的缓冲时间给ubuntu社区和它的开发者的超级英雄殿堂更多时间去检测和修复安全问题比如以上这些问题。 + +如果你正在使用Ubuntu 14.04 LTS，记得经常检查和安装更新。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/ubuntu-fixes-security-flaw-trusty-login-screen + +译者：[译者linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity/+bug/1313885 +[2]:https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/trusty/+source/unity/7.2.0+14.04.20140423-0ubuntu1.1 +[3]:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4UUB0sI5Fc +[4]:https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity/+bug/1308572 +[5]:https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/trusty/+source/unity/+bug/1314247 \ No newline at end of file From b132668f35b18dc9217c111ec42fc7ac3b1b7c0c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Thu, 8 May 2014 22:51:04 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 031/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AAtom=20Is=20?= =?UTF-8?q?Now=20Open=20Source?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- {translated/news => published}/Atom Is Now Open Source.md | 8 ++++---- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) rename {translated/news => published}/Atom Is Now Open Source.md (77%) diff --git a/translated/news/Atom Is Now Open Source.md b/published/Atom Is Now Open Source.md similarity index 77% rename from translated/news/Atom Is Now Open Source.md rename to published/Atom Is Now Open Source.md index 2590f53294..92c4ad26d5 100644 --- a/translated/news/Atom Is Now Open Source.md +++ b/published/Atom Is Now Open Source.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ Atom开源了！！！ ======================= -今天，我们兴奋地宣布：在[MIT开源许可证][1]下，Atom开源了！我们看到，GitHub努力以构建更好的软件为首要任务，而Atom对此是一个完美的补充。Atom是个长期的投入，GitHub将继续由专门的团队支持其发展。但是我们也知道，不能独自为Atom实现我们的愿景。在过去的30年里Emacs和Vim已经证明，如果你想建立一个活跃的持续的文本编辑器社区，必须开源。 +今天，我们兴奋地宣布：在[MIT开源许可证][1]下，Atom开源了！我们看到，GitHub努力以构建更好的软件为首要任务，而Atom对此是一个完美的补充。Atom是个长期的投入，GitHub将继续由专门的团队支持其发展。但是我们也知道，我们对Atom的愿景不可能独自实现。在过去的30年里Emacs和Vim已经证明，如果你想建立一个活跃的持续的文本编辑器社区，必须开源！ ## Atom包含了什么？ @@ -17,15 +17,15 @@ Atom包管理器，[`apm`][3], 是个客户端库和命令行多功能程序， ### Atom Shell -最后，同Atom一样，我们真的很兴奋[Atom Shell][4]也能够开源。超过2.5年的开发，Atom已成为一个寄居蟹，它首先在Cocoa `WebView`中开始生命，然后移居到[Chromium嵌入式框架][5], 最终安家在Atom Shell中。我们尝试短暂地使用[Node-Webkit][6]，但是我们决定采用@zcbenz构建的框架。 +最后，同Atom一样，我们真的很兴奋[Atom Shell][4]也能够开源。超过2.5年的开发，Atom像个寄居蟹一样，它首先在Cocoa `WebView`中开始生命，然后移居到[Chromium嵌入式框架][5], 最终安家在Atom Shell中。我们短暂尝试了使用[Node-Webkit][6]，但是我们决定采用@zcbenz构建的框架。 我们采取在整洁、可维护的环境中整合Chromium和Node，包括在Node中发起增加[multi-context支持][7]。我们也建立了[brightray][8]和[libchromiumcontent][9]，使其更易嵌入Chromium到本地应用程序作为共享库。 ## 关于未来！ -在Atom 1.0版本准备发布之前仍然有大量的工作要做。在接下来几个月，我们将集中改善性能，在Linux和Windows上发放测试，以及使API趋于稳定。我们认为开源会帮助我们更快达到目标，更重要的是，源代码将给你透明度和控制权，你能从你的工具中告诉我们你想要的。 +在准备发布Atom 1.0版本之前仍然有大量的工作要做。在接下来几个月，我们将集中改善性能，在Linux和Windows上发放测试，以及使API趋于稳定。我们认为开源会帮助我们更快达到目标，更重要的是，源代码将给你透明度和控制权，你能从你的工具中告诉我们你想要的。 -在迄今为止的Atom beta版本中我们感谢每个参与进来的开发者。你的反馈，包和请求（PR）是无价的。如果我们不打算在我们的余生使用它，我们是不会构建一个文本编辑器的，我们很高兴把这关键一步变为现实。 +在迄今为止的Atom beta版本中我们感谢每个参与进来的开发者。你的反馈，包和推送请求（PR）是无价的。如果我们不是打算做个能够陪伴一生的编辑器的话，我们是不会创造它的，我们很高兴把这关键的一步变为现实！ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- From 5c8c9ce54a32aac7df0850aecc8ed2977d3fb626 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Thu, 8 May 2014 23:29:17 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 032/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AUbuntu=2014.?= =?UTF-8?q?10=20(Utopic=20Unicorn)=20Daily=20Images=20Now=20Available=20fo?= =?UTF-8?q?r=20Download?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...orn) Daily Images Now Available for Download.md | 14 +++++++------- 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) rename {translated/news => published}/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Daily Images Now Available for Download.md (60%) diff --git a/translated/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Daily Images Now Available for Download.md b/published/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Daily Images Now Available for Download.md similarity index 60% rename from translated/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Daily Images Now Available for Download.md rename to published/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Daily Images Now Available for Download.md index beb4766e3f..fcc64872d9 100644 --- a/translated/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Daily Images Now Available for Download.md +++ b/published/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Daily Images Now Available for Download.md @@ -1,20 +1,20 @@ -Ubuntu 14.10（乌托邦独角兽）每日镜像可下载 +Ubuntu 14.10（乌托邦独角兽）的每日构建镜像已可下载 ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-14-10-Utopic-Unicorn-Daily-Images-Now-Available-for-Download-439725-2.jpg) -**Canonical公司刚刚发布了第一个Ubuntu14.10（乌托邦独角兽）的每日镜像而且开发工作也开始了。** +**Canonical公司刚刚发布了第一个Ubuntu14.10（乌托邦独角兽）的每日镜像，而且开发工作也开始了。** -ubuntu的开发者已经开始进行开发下一个版本的工作，第一个开发版的镜像已经完成。不要对新的ubuntu构建抱有太多期望，至少在现在是这样的。两个月之后我们才能看到重大的变化。 +Ubuntu的开发者已经开始进行开发下一个版本的工作，第一个开发版的镜像已经完成。不要对新的Ubuntu构建抱有太多期望，至少在现在是这样的。两个月之后我们才能看到重大的变化。 如果你现在启动这个版本，它仍然会显示为Ubuntu14.04，可以看出这个版本只是一个占位符，它的特点将来会实现。 -“Debian的第一个自动同步开始运行了，所以不要过于激动和同步一些东西，自动机械将会在下一个小时得到它。这个自动同步将会让我们痛苦好几天。请耐心点，上传你的合并，不用管队列。你会感谢我的。你甚至可能想出去散散步，呼吸呼吸新鲜空气，喂喂鸭子等等做一些类似的事”，Adam Conrad在邮件列表中这样说。 +“Debian的第一个自动同步开始运行了，所以不要过于激动和手动同步一些东西，自动机制将会接下来进行。这个自动同步将会让我们痛苦好几天。请耐心点，上传你的合并内容，不用去管队列。你会感谢我的。你甚至可能想出去散散步，呼吸呼吸新鲜空气，喂喂鸭子等等做一些类似的事”，Adam Conrad在邮件列表中这样说。 开发者解释说，ruby-defaults已经更新到了2.1版本，boost-defaults更新到了 .55版本，加入了一个新的编译快照，其他的包也都收到了一些“小独角兽”（这可能是个设定，让所有开发者的贡献都用双关语列出）。 -对于某些开发者来说，Ubuntu14.10（乌托邦独角兽）仍然是一个很完美的版本，这些开发者想推动一些更新，那些更新在Ubuntu14.04（值得信赖的塔尔羊）中没有加入或因为某些理由被拒绝。对于新的包，这是一个完美的练习场，使用者可能在最终版本中看到一些很有趣的东西。 +对于某些开发者来说，Ubuntu14.10（乌托邦独角兽）也会是一个很完美的版本，这些开发者想推动一些更新，那些更新在Ubuntu14.04（值得信赖的塔尔羊）中没有加入或因为某些理由被拒绝。对于新的包，这是一个完美的练习场，使用者可能在最终版本中看到一些很有趣的东西。 -“我知道发布长期支持版本总是一个令人兴奋的要整理所有东西的事情，如果没有发布团队怒视你，你不认为你在长期支持版本上，我相信这一次也不例外。所以，玩的开心，上传开心点，尝试去修复你上传的两个漏洞。”Adam Conrad还这样说。 +“我知道在LTS版本之后的版本中可以做一些令人兴奋的新尝试，而不用像在LTS中被发布团队背后死死盯着而不能做你想做的那些试验。我相信这一次也不例外。所以，玩的开心，快乐上传，然后去修复你的每个上传的所带来的更多漏洞吧。”Adam Conrad还这样说。 用户现在看不到任何新的东西，这个镜像主要是用于开发。你可以从Ubuntu官方[服务器][1]上下载。 @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ ubuntu的开发者已经开始进行开发下一个版本的工作，第一个 via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-14-10-Utopic-Unicorn-Daily-Images-Now-Available-for-Download-439725.shtml -译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 2e2d8656f09faeafa0b5ce018784da45fc15ac3c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Fri, 9 May 2014 00:00:13 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 033/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AUbuntu=20Aft?= =?UTF-8?q?er=20Install--Automate=20the=20Installation=20of=20all=20popula?= =?UTF-8?q?r=20softwares=20On=20Ubuntu=2014.04=20or=2013.10=20or=2013.04?= =?UTF-8?q?=20or=2012.10=20or=2012.04?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...untu 14.04 or 13.10 or 13.04 or 12.10 or 12.04.md | 12 ++++++------ 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/Ubuntu After Install--Automate the Installation of all popular softwares On Ubuntu 14.04 or 13.10 or 13.04 or 12.10 or 12.04.md (94%) diff --git a/translated/tech/Ubuntu After Install--Automate the Installation of all popular softwares On Ubuntu 14.04 or 13.10 or 13.04 or 12.10 or 12.04.md b/published/Ubuntu After Install--Automate the Installation of all popular softwares On Ubuntu 14.04 or 13.10 or 13.04 or 12.10 or 12.04.md similarity index 94% rename from translated/tech/Ubuntu After Install--Automate the Installation of all popular softwares On Ubuntu 14.04 or 13.10 or 13.04 or 12.10 or 12.04.md rename to published/Ubuntu After Install--Automate the Installation of all popular softwares On Ubuntu 14.04 or 13.10 or 13.04 or 12.10 or 12.04.md index 027ad81a04..383154d83c 100644 --- a/translated/tech/Ubuntu After Install--Automate the Installation of all popular softwares On Ubuntu 14.04 or 13.10 or 13.04 or 12.10 or 12.04.md +++ b/published/Ubuntu After Install--Automate the Installation of all popular softwares On Ubuntu 14.04 or 13.10 or 13.04 or 12.10 or 12.04.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -Ubuntu After Install – 帮你在Ubuntu 14.04/13.10/13.04/12.10/12.04上自动安装流行的软件 +Ubuntu After Install – 帮你在Ubuntu上自动安装流行的软件 ================================================================================ 在你刚刚更新或者是安装了一个新的Ubuntu桌面版之后，你是不是想安装一些有用的并且必要的软件呢？当然。但是，为了打造一个完美的Ubuntu系统，你会需要付出很大的努力。你还会吗？你会怎么去做？你真的会去手动通过添加软件源或者是下载**.deb**包去寻找和安装每一个软件？或者不分青红皂白安装所有的软件？我觉得这将是一个漫长的过程，并且你们也不知道你们需要什么软件去打造这么一个完美的Ubuntu桌面。 @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Ubuntu After Install – 帮你在Ubuntu 14.04/13.10/13.04/12.10/12.04上自动 - **p7zip** 强大的7zip压缩/解压工具 - 还有一些即将到来的新特性 -### 在Ubuntu 12.04或者更新的系统上 安装‘Ubuntu After Install’ ### +### 在Ubuntu 12.04或者更新一些的系统上 安装‘Ubuntu After Install’ ### 添加‘Ubuntu After Install’ PPA 并且执行以下命令 @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ Ubuntu After Install – 帮你在Ubuntu 14.04/13.10/13.04/12.10/12.04上自动 sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install ubuntu-after-install -你也可以手动下载 .deb 文件 [这][1], 并且手动安装. +你也可以从[这里][1]手动下载 .deb 文件，并且手动安装。 ### 使用说明 ### @@ -76,13 +76,13 @@ Ubuntu After Install – 帮你在Ubuntu 14.04/13.10/13.04/12.10/12.04上自动 在之前，我们刚刚提到了[Ubuntu Tweak][2]。 **Ubuntu Tweak**和**Ubuntu After Install**是类似的工具, 但是Ubuntu Tweak有着比Ubuntu After Install更多的特点。 Ubuntu After Tool只是为了帮你安装了所有最好的和日常使用的软件, 而Ubuntu的调整工具会做对额外的东西，如定制您的Ubuntu桌面和更多。 -不要再在网络上寻找所谓的Ubuntu必备软件上浪费你的宝贵的时间。Ubuntu Tweak和Ubuntu After Install就是为了帮助那些正在寻找Ubuntu必备软件的人准备的。所以，不要再犹豫，马上使用他们！ +不要再在网络上寻找所谓的Ubuntu必备软件上浪费你的宝贵的时间。Ubuntu Tweak和Ubuntu After Install就是为了帮助那些正在寻找Ubuntu必备软件的人准备的。所以，不要再犹豫，马上使用它们！ -希望他能帮助你，就说这么多了。 +希望能帮助到你，就说这么多了。 祝你好运! -Source & Reference: +来源与参考: - [The Fan Club Website][3] From f3ba8a67188bc646ec8756f458c98e81ad8b25cc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: linuhap Date: Fri, 9 May 2014 08:28:28 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 034/601] translating --- ...ow To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md b/sources/tech/How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md index 8aa6d1d945..e6744ffb6d 100644 --- a/sources/tech/How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md +++ b/sources/tech/How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +linuhap How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8 ================================================================================ First step of installing Ubuntu is to create a live USB or disk. If you are using Windows XP, 7, 8 or 8.1, you can use Universal USB Installer to create a live USB. It’s my favorite and extremely easy to use. Let’s see how to easily make a live USB of Ubuntu i Windows 8. @@ -41,4 +42,4 @@ via: http://itsfoss.com/create-live-usb-of-ubuntu-in-windows/ 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [1]:http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/ -[2]:http://www.pendrivelinux.com/universal-usb-installer-easy-as-1-2-3/ \ No newline at end of file +[2]:http://www.pendrivelinux.com/universal-usb-installer-easy-as-1-2-3/ From 158f8807e27272a1e4805d6112415882e53ab7b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: linuhap Date: Fri, 9 May 2014 08:30:15 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 035/601] translating --- ...How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md b/sources/tech/How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md index e6744ffb6d..bcfc3e34b4 100644 --- a/sources/tech/How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md +++ b/sources/tech/How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -linuhap +linuhap翻译中 How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8 ================================================================================ First step of installing Ubuntu is to create a live USB or disk. If you are using Windows XP, 7, 8 or 8.1, you can use Universal USB Installer to create a live USB. It’s my favorite and extremely easy to use. Let’s see how to easily make a live USB of Ubuntu i Windows 8. From 14b8145061af213a7d55864897c699fe4e5b8c5c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: KayGuoWhu Date: Fri, 9 May 2014 10:19:25 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 036/601] KayGuoWhu translating --- ...ing Linux ip command and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/sources/tech/Start Practising Linux ip command and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig.md b/sources/tech/Start Practising Linux ip command and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig.md index eebf38a786..19109abb84 100644 --- a/sources/tech/Start Practising Linux ip command and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig.md +++ b/sources/tech/Start Practising Linux ip command and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +[KayGuoWhu Translating ] Start Practising Linux ip command and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig ================================================================================ The linux **ip** command is similar to **ifconfig**, but more powerful and is intended to be a replacement for it. With ip you have the advantage of performing several network administration tasks with only one command. ifconfig is one of the deprecated command within net-tools that has not been maintained for many years. The functionalities of many commands is retained with more features under iproute2 suite. From f0e1ed95d8b5c1e01a0a97d5372e82dc85805052 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: carolinewuyan <309866211@qq.com> Date: Fri, 9 May 2014 10:57:12 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 037/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B7=B2=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...e Performance Monitoring Tool for Linux.md | 55 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 26 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/Collectl--An Advanced All-in-One Performance Monitoring Tool for Linux.md b/translated/tech/Collectl--An Advanced All-in-One Performance Monitoring Tool for Linux.md index 94ad0ff3d2..3d450bafec 100644 --- a/translated/tech/Collectl--An Advanced All-in-One Performance Monitoring Tool for Linux.md +++ b/translated/tech/Collectl--An Advanced All-in-One Performance Monitoring Tool for Linux.md @@ -1,17 +1,17 @@ -Collectl: 一个高级全能的Linux性能监控工具 +Collectl: 一个高级全能的 Linux 性能监控工具 ================================================================================ -对于一个Linux系统管理员来说确保自己管理的系统处于一个良好的状态是其首要责任。Linux系统管理员可以找到有很多工具来帮助自己监控和显示系统中的进程，例如 top 和 htop ,但是这些工具都不能与**collectl**相媲美。 +对于一个 Linux 系统管理员来说确保自己管理的系统处于一个良好的状态是其首要责任。Linux 系统管理员可以找到有很多工具来帮助自己监控和显示系统中的进程，例如 top 和 htop ,但是这些工具都不能与 **collectl** 相媲美。 ![Collectl: Linux Performance Monitoring](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Collectl-Linux-Monitoring.jpg) -**collectl**是一款非常优秀并且有着丰富的命令行功能的实用程序，你可以用它来采集描述当前系统状态的性能数据。不同于大多数其它的系统监控工具，collectl 并非仅局限于有限的系统度量，相反，它可以收集许多不同类型的系统资源如 cpu 、disk、memory 、network 、sockets 、 tcp 、inodes 、infiniband 、 lustre 、memory、nfs、processes、quadrics、slabs和buddyinfo等。 +**collectl**是一款非常优秀并且有着丰富的命令行功能的实用程序，你可以用它来采集描述当前系统状态的性能数据。不同于大多数其它的系统监控工具，collectl 并非仅局限于有限的系统度量，相反，它可以收集许多不同类型系统资源的相关信息，如 cpu 、disk、memory 、network 、sockets 、 tcp 、inodes 、infiniband 、 lustre 、memory、nfs、processes、quadrics、slabs和buddyinfo等。 -使用**collectl**的另一个好处就是它可以替代那些有特殊用途的工具如 top、ps、iotop 等还有其它许多这样的工具。那么**collectl**有什么特性而使其成为一个有用的工具呢？ +使用 **collectl** 的另一个好处就是它可以替代那些有特殊用途的工具如 top、ps、iotop 等还有其它许多这样的工具。那么 **collectl** 有什么特性而使其成为一个有用的工具呢？ -做过研究后我总结了 collectl 的命令行功能的一些非常重要的特性。 +经过许多研究后，我总结了 collectl 的命令行功能的一些非常重要的特性。 ### Collectl 特性 ### @@ -34,24 +34,24 @@ Collectl: 一个高级全能的Linux性能监控工具 ### 如何在Linux上安装collectl### -**collectl**可以在所有的Linux发行版上运行，唯一需要的就是perl语言，所以一定要确保在安装**collectl**之前你的电脑上已经安装了**Perl**。 +**collectl**可以在所有的 Linux 发行版上运行，唯一需要的就是 perl 语言，所以在安装 **collectl** 之前，一定要确保你的电脑上已经安装了**Perl**。 #### 对于Debian/Ubuntu/Linux Mint #### -下面的命令可以用来在以Debian为基础的设备如Ubuntu 上安装collectl。 +下面的命令可以用来在以 Debian 为基础的设备如 Ubuntu 上安装 collectl。 $ sudo apt-get install collectl #### 对于RHEL/CentOS/Fedora #### -如果你正在使用基于红帽的发行版，你可以用yum命令轻松获取它。 +如果你正在使用基于红帽的发行版，你可以用 yum 命令轻松获取它。 # yum install collectl ### 一些关于collectl的实例 ### -安装好collectl之后，你可以轻松得在终端运行它，你甚至不需要任何选项。下面的命令将会以简短的人性化的格式显示cpu、硬盘和网络信息。 +collectl 工具安装完成之后，你可以轻松得在终端运行它，你甚至不需要任何选项。下面的命令将会以简短的人性化的格式显示cpu、硬盘和网络信息。 # collectl @@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ Collectl: 一个高级全能的Linux性能监控工具 正如上面终端上所显示的，我们很容易观察该命令输出的系统度量值，因为它只显示一整行。 -不加任何参数执行collectl会显示下面子系统的信息 +不加任何参数执行 collectl 会显示下面子系统的信息 - cpu - disks @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ Collectl: 一个高级全能的Linux性能监控工具 **提示**：在这里，一个子系统是每一种可以测量的系统资源。 -你也可以显示除slabs以外各个子系统的统计数据，这要结合下面的**-all**选项来实现。 +你也可以显示除slabs以外各个子系统的统计数据，这要结合下面的 **-all** 选项来实现。 # collectl --all @@ -100,10 +100,11 @@ Collectl: 一个高级全能的Linux性能监控工具 -但是，你如何用它来监控cpu的利用情况呢？ ‘s’ 选项可以用来控制需要收集和回放的数据。 +但是，你如何用它来监控 cpu 的使用情况呢？ ‘s’ 选项可以用来控制需要收集和回放的数据。 例如下面的命令可以用来对cpu使用情况进行一个总结。 + # collectl -sc waiting for 1 second sample... @@ -119,9 +120,7 @@ Collectl: 一个高级全能的Linux性能监控工具 14 1 706 1078 15 1 764 1268 -What happens when you combine the command with “**scdn**“? The best way to learn how to use command-line tools is to practice as much as possible, so run the following command in your terminal and see what is going to happen. - -当你将这个命令与“**scdn**”结合时会发生什么呢？学习命令行工具最好的方式就是多加练习，所以运行下面的命令看看会发生什么吧。 +当你将这个命令与“**scdn**”结合时会发生什么呢？学习命令行工具最好的方式就是多加练习，所以在终端运行下面的命令看看会发生什么吧。 # collectl -scdn @@ -141,7 +140,7 @@ What happens when you combine the command with “**scdn**“? The best way to l 11 2 795 1285 0 0 0 0 2 14 1 14 -你可以很容易地理解默认选项中的“**cdn**”，它代表cpu、硬盘和网络数据。运行添加这个选项的collectl命令的输出和“**collectl －scn**”的输出一样。 +你可以很容易地理解默认选项是“**cdn**”，它代表cpu、硬盘和网络数据。运行添加这个选项的 collectl 命令的输出和“**collectl －scn**”的输出一样。 如果你想采集内存的数据，用下面的命令。 @@ -159,9 +158,9 @@ What happens when you combine the command with “**scdn**“? The best way to l 1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G 1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G -上面的输出在你想要进一步了解内存使用信息，空闲的内存或者与你系统性能有关的重要资料时非常有用。 +当你想要进一步了解内存使用信息、空闲的内存或者与你系统性能有关的重要资料时，上面的输出将是非常有用的。 -如果想搜集一点儿tcp的数据呢？使用下面的命令来实现吧。 +如果想搜集一点儿 tcp 的数据呢？使用下面的命令来实现吧。 # collectl -st @@ -181,7 +180,7 @@ What happens when you combine the command with “**scdn**“? The best way to l 0 0 0 0 -当你熟练到一定程度时，你就可以很轻松地得到你想要的结果了。例如你可以将关于tcp的“**t**”选项和关于cpu的“**c**”选项组合到一起。下面的命令就是如此。 +当你熟练到一定程度时，你就可以很轻松地得到你想要的结果了。例如你可以将关于 tcp 的“**t**”选项和关于 cpu 的“**c**”选项组合到一起。下面的命令就是如此。 # collectl -stc @@ -200,7 +199,7 @@ What happens when you combine the command with “**scdn**“? The best way to l 14 2 788 1321 0 0 0 0 -对于我们普通大众来说记住这些选项很困难，所以这里我整理出了这个工具支持的选项的列表。 +对于我们普通大众来说记住这些选项很困难，所以在这里，我整理出了一个列表来总结这个工具支持的选项。 - **b** – buddy info (memory fragmentation) - **c** – CPU @@ -216,7 +215,7 @@ What happens when you combine the command with “**scdn**“? The best way to l - **x** – Interconnect - **y** – Slabs (system object caches) -对于一个系统管理员或者一个Linux用户来说很重要的一种数据就是硬盘的使用情况。下面的命令可以帮你监控硬盘使用情况。 +对于一个系统管理员或者一个 Linux 用户来说很重要的一种数据就是硬盘的使用情况。下面的命令可以帮你监控硬盘使用情况。 # collectl -sd @@ -256,7 +255,6 @@ What happens when you combine the command with “**scdn**“? The best way to l sda 0 0 0 0 32 5 3 11 10 1 16 16 4 sda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -You can also use other detail subsystems to collect detailed data. The following is a list of the detail subsystems. 你也可以使用其它详细的子系统来采集详细的数据。下面是详细子系统的一个列表。 @@ -272,9 +270,9 @@ You can also use other detail subsystems to collect detailed data. The following - **Y** – Slabs (system object caches) - **Z** – Processes -collectl工具中有许多选项，但是仅用一篇文章来介绍肯定是介绍不过来的。然而如何将它当作**top**和**ps**工具来使用还是值得一提的。 +collectl 工具中有许多选项，但是仅用一篇文章来介绍肯定是介绍不过来的。然而如果将它当作 **top** 和 **ps** 工具来使用还是值得一提的。 -很容易将collectl当作top来使用，只要在Linux 系统的终端运行下面的命令你就会看到和**top**工具类似的输出。 +很容易将 collectl 当作 top 来使用，只要在 Linux 系统的终端运行下面的命令你就会看到和 **top** 工具类似的输出。 # collectl --top @@ -303,10 +301,9 @@ collectl工具中有许多选项，但是仅用一篇文章来介绍肯定是介 16 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kworker/1:0H 17 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 cpuset -And now last but not least, to use the collectl utility as the ps tool run the following command in your terminal. You will get information about processes in your system the same way as you do when you run the “**ps**” command in your terminal. - -最后，当然不是说这不重要，我们在终端运行下面的命令就可以将collectl用作ps工具了。 +最后，当然不是说这不重要，我们在终端运行下面的命令就可以将 collectl 用作 ps 工具了。 你可以得到关于你系统进程的信息，这和在终端运行“**ps**”命令是一样的。 + # collectl -c1 -sZ -i:1 waiting for 1 second sample... @@ -336,7 +333,7 @@ And now last but not least, to use the collectl utility as the ps tool run the f 22 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kintegrityd -我确信许多系统管理员将会喜欢这个工具并且在充分利用它后会感受到它的强大。如果你想增进你对collectl的了解达到新的层面，你可以去参阅collectl的man手册并勤加练习。 +我确信许多系统管理员将会喜欢这个工具并且在充分利用它后会感受到它的强大。如果你想增进你对 collectl 的了解，从而达到新的层面，你可以去参阅 collectl 的 man 手册并勤加练习。 在你的终端键入下面的命令开始阅读吧。 @@ -350,7 +347,7 @@ And now last but not least, to use the collectl utility as the ps tool run the f via: http://www.tecmint.com/linux-performance-monitoring-with-collectl-tool/ -译者：[Linchenguang](https://github.com/Linchenguang) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[Linchenguang](https://github.com/Linchenguang) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 4efb563b08b98b9ebb1e91243bfc72f69f4e803f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Frank Zhang Date: Fri, 9 May 2014 11:05:04 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 038/601] [translating] Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release --- .../Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md b/sources/news/Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md index e9f66e6d03..5ac3517ac8 100644 --- a/sources/news/Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md +++ b/sources/news/Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +zpl1025 Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release ================================================================================ ![LXQt with KWin. Other window managers can be used.](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/lxqt.jpg) @@ -39,4 +40,4 @@ via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/next-gen-linux-desktop-lxqt-makes-first- [1]:http://blog.lxde.org/?p=1046 [2]:https://launchpad.net/~lubuntu-dev/+archive/lubuntu-daily -[3]:http://lxqt.org/ \ No newline at end of file +[3]:http://lxqt.org/ From b3947ba94414b1a29410662fd9c1ac909948b122 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Fri, 9 May 2014 16:29:36 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 039/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140509-1=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...nament Game to Arrive on Linux for Free.md | 36 +++++++++ ...ble UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md | 75 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 111 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/New Unreal Tournament Game to Arrive on Linux for Free.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md diff --git a/sources/news/New Unreal Tournament Game to Arrive on Linux for Free.md b/sources/news/New Unreal Tournament Game to Arrive on Linux for Free.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b359dcbf14 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/New Unreal Tournament Game to Arrive on Linux for Free.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +New Unreal Tournament Game to Arrive on Linux for Free +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/New-Unreal-Tournament-Game-to-Arrive-on-Linux-for-Free-441291-3.jpg) + +**Epic Games has announced that the next Unreal Tournament game in the series will be free and available on Linux, Windows, and Mac OS X.** + +The developers from Epic Games have followed through with their promise for [Linux support with the new Unreal Engine 4][1], and now they've confirmed that Linux will be a launch platform for the next Unreal Tournament game. + +The announcement regarding the development and release of the Unreal Tournament title for the Linux platform also comes with a few new interesting ideas that could change the way games are made, if the project becomes a real success. + +First of all, Unreal Tournament will be free. When users hear free, it's usually just free-to-play, meaning that they will have to pay money for additional content and advantages over the other players. This is not the case with Unreal Tournament, and Epic Games is trying a different business approach. + +After the game is made available to the public for free, the developers will also build a marketplace around the game where the community can sell the content for Unreal Tournament. The proceeds will be split between the makers of the content and Epic. + +In theory, this will be enough to pay for the game. This is not an entirely new concept because it's been applied in a somewhat similar fashion with Team Fortress 2, although it sounds to be more advanced than that. + +Epic Games has also said that the development is conducted by a small team of UT veterans, which have already started work on it, but here is where the interesting stuff happens. + +“From the very first line of code, the very first art created and design decision made, development will happen in the open, as a collaboration between Epic, UT fans and UE4 developers. We’ll be using forums for discussion, and Twitch streams for regular updates.” + +“If you are a fan and you want to participate, create a free account and join the forum discussion. All code and content will be available live to UE4 developers on GitHub,” reads the official [announcement][2]. + +Having the game developed under the scrutiny of the community is a major step forward and it will bring the studio closer to its audience. It also means that the game will be a lot closer to what the public is expecting and not to what the developers think the public is expecting. + +It will take a while for the game to playable in any kind of form, but users will be able to track its development in real time. If what Epic Games is saying comes to fruition, we might be playing a Beta version by the end of the year. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/New-Unreal-Tournament-Game-to-Arrive-on-Linux-for-Free-441291.shtml + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://news.softpedia.com/news/Unreal-Engine-4-1-Support-for-Linux-Might-Spark-the-End-of-Windows-Gaming-Domination-439373.shtml +[2]:https://wiki.unrealengine.com/Unreal_Tournament \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md b/sources/tech/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f4bce1001a --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1 +================================================================================ +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Disable_Secure_Boot_Windows8_UEFI.jpeg) + +These days, if you buy a computer pre-installed with Windows, you’ll end up with either Windows 8 or Windows 8.1. Starting with Windows 8, Microsoft replaced BIOS with UEFI. UEFI is not something that Microsoft invented, instead its a protocol in existence before Windows 8. Some Mac devices have been using UEFI for some time now. + +With UEFI comes the feature of “secure boot” which boots only those boot loaders that are signed in to UEFI firmware. This security feature prevents rootkit malware and provides an additional layer of security. But it has a down side, if you want to dual boot Windows 8 with Linux, Secure Boot will not allow it. Therefore it is advised to **disable secure boot in Windows 8 to allow dual booting with Linux**. + +### Disable UEFI secure boot in Windows 8 and 8.1 ### + +There have been too many noises around secure boot. Because of these rumors, some people almost believed that dual boot to Linux is not possible with pre-installed Windows 8. While that is true for Arm PCs, secure boot can be disabled in Intel based system. Honestly, **disabling UEFI secure boot** is not at all a herculean task and same can be said for dual booting Linux with Windows 8 UEFI. + +While it is fairly straight forward to access BIOS settings, you press F10 or F12 at boot time, it’s not the same case with UEFI. To access UEFI settings, you’ll have to go from within Windows. Let’s see how to access UEFI settings to disable secure boot in Windows 8. + +#### Step 1: Go to PC settings #### + +Open the settings charms in Windows by pressing Windows+I keys. At the bottom, you’ll see the option of Change PC settings. Click on it. + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Disable_Secure_Boot_1.jpeg) + +#### Step 2: Go to Advanced startup #### + +There will be a slight difference in PC settings for Windows 8 and Windows 8.1. Depending upon which one you are using, you can follow the respective procedure described below: + +Windows 8: In Windows 8, you need to go to General PC settings and select **Advanced startup** and then click on **Restart now:** + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Change_PC_Settings_Windows8.jpg) + +**Window 8.1**: In Windows 8.1, go to **Update and recovery** from left sidebar: + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Disable_Secure_Boot_Windows8_2.jpeg) + +Then click **Restart now** under **Advanced startup**: + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Disable_Secure_Boot_Windows8_3.jpeg) + +Don’t worry! It won’t restart right after it, instead it will provide some option that you will see on next boot. + +#### Step 4 Access UEFI settings #### + +After you have clicked Restart now button, you will be presented with some options to choose from in the next screen. Select **Troubleshoot** here: + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Troubleshoot_Windows8.jpg) + +In **Troubleshoot** menu, select **Advanced options**: + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Troubleshoot_Windows8_1.jpg) + +In Advanced options menu, choose **UEFI Firmware settings**: + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Troubleshoot_Windows8_2.jpg) + +Next, click on **Restart** button to reboot your system in UEFI settings which ‘may’ seem to have similar interface as BIOS. + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Troubleshoot_Windows8_3.jpg) + +#### Step 5: Disable secure boot in UEFI #### + +By this time you must have been booted in to UEFI utility. You can change various settings here but all we want to do right now is to disable secure boot option to allow dual booting of Ubuntu or any other Linux + +Move to Boot tab, there you’ll find **Secure Boot** option which is set to enabled. Use the arrow key to go to Secure Boot option and then press **enter** to select it. **Use + or – to change its value**. Confirm it when prompted. Press **F10 to save the changes** and exit the UEFI settings. + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Disable_Secure_Boot_Windows8.jpg) + +Next you’ll be booted in to Windows normally. Now you should be able to dual boot Windows 8 with Ubuntu or other Linux OS. I’ll be writing on how to dual boot Ubuntu with Windows 8 UEFI in coming days. Stay tuned. + +I hope this tutorial helps you to disable secure boot in Windows 8 and Windows 8.1. Any questions or suggestions are always welcomed. Feel free to drop a comment. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://itsfoss.com/disable-uefi-secure-boot-in-windows-8/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file From 416341622b77dea983d3167fa3dc65bb1bd6c8fd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Linux-pdz Date: Fri, 9 May 2014 22:06:05 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 040/601] =?UTF-8?q?Linux-pdz=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E4=B8=AD?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- sources/talk/Making Linux Feel at Home.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/Making Linux Feel at Home.md b/sources/talk/Making Linux Feel at Home.md index e1b004f3ad..715a1996bb 100644 --- a/sources/talk/Making Linux Feel at Home.md +++ b/sources/talk/Making Linux Feel at Home.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +Linux-pdz重又复出，先占一坑哦！ Making Linux Feel at Home ================================================================================ **Hiring Tux is a smart move for both small and large businesses. Linux once was considered a hobbyist's operating system, but it has come a long way and now is considered enterprise class. It is considered very stable and secure. Linux can easily be customized, and there is a huge community eager to help out. Those are just some of the reasons to migrate to the Linux desktop.** @@ -131,4 +132,4 @@ via: http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/80415.html [17]: [18]: [19]: -[20]: \ No newline at end of file +[20]: From 8d1e732953945353b37ed1736aa1c06cf30cfb46 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: CHINAANSHE Date: Sat, 10 May 2014 10:02:06 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 041/601] Update How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md --- ...ll Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md b/sources/tech/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md index 86afa71f15..305ea5eefc 100644 --- a/sources/tech/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md +++ b/sources/tech/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +CHINAANSHE翻译 How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/How-to-Install-Windows-8-1-and-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-on-the-Same-Computer-440356-2.jpg) @@ -32,4 +33,4 @@ via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/How-to-Install-Windows-8-1-and-Ubuntu-14-04- 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 -[1]:http://www.softpedia.com/get/CD-DVD-Tools/Data-CD-DVD-Burning/Win32-Disk-Imager.shtml \ No newline at end of file +[1]:http://www.softpedia.com/get/CD-DVD-Tools/Data-CD-DVD-Burning/Win32-Disk-Imager.shtml From 1f49f7cbd4053fabe765b7a974d39275052824a8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: KayGuoWhu Date: Sat, 10 May 2014 10:36:52 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 042/601] transalted --- ...d and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig.md | 124 ------------------ 1 file changed, 124 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/Start Practising Linux ip command and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig.md diff --git a/sources/tech/Start Practising Linux ip command and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig.md b/sources/tech/Start Practising Linux ip command and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig.md deleted file mode 100644 index 19109abb84..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/Start Practising Linux ip command and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,124 +0,0 @@ -[KayGuoWhu Translating ] -Start Practising Linux ip command and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig -================================================================================ -The linux **ip** command is similar to **ifconfig**, but more powerful and is intended to be a replacement for it. With ip you have the advantage of performing several network administration tasks with only one command. ifconfig is one of the deprecated command within net-tools that has not been maintained for many years. The functionalities of many commands is retained with more features under iproute2 suite. - -![Net tools vs Iproute2](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Linux-Nettools-vs-Iproute2.png) - -To install ip download the **iproute2 suite utility** [here][1], however most Linux distributions will come with the iproute2 tools pre-installed. - -You can also use use git to download the source code: - - $ git clone https://kernel.googlesource.com/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shemminger/iproute2.git - -![iproute2 git clone](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/iproute2-git-clone.png) - -### Setting and Deleting an Ip Address ### - -To set an IP address for your computer, the command ip can be used as follows: - - $ sudo ip addr add 192.168.0.193/24 dev wlan0 - -Note that the IP address has a prefix, for example /24. This is used in classless inter-domain routing (CIDR) to show the subnet mask used. In this case the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. - -After you have set the IP address confirm with show, whether the the changes have taken effect. - - $ ip addr show wlan0 - -![set ip address](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/set-ip-address.png) - -You can also use the same procedure to delete an IP address by just replacing add with del. - - $ sudo ip addr del 192.168.0.193/24 dev wlan0 - -![delete ip address](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/delete-ip-address.png) - -### Show Routing Table Entry ### - -The route object of ip command also helps you to see the route packets will take in your network as set in your routing table. The first entry is the default route which you can change as you prefer. - -In this example there are several routes. These are a result of having a several devices connected through different network interface. These include WIFI, Ethernet and a point to point link. - - $ ip route show - -![ip route show](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-route-show.png) - -Suppose now that you have an IP address which you need to know the route packets will take. You can use route option as follows: - - $ ip route get 10.42.0.47 - -![ip route get](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-route-get.png) - -### Changing The Default Route ### - -To change the default route, the ip command can be used as follows: - - $ sudo ip route add default via 192.168.0.196 - -![default route](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/default-route.png) - -### Show Network Statistics ### - -The ip command can also be used to show the statistics of the various network interfaces. To do this you can use the ip command with the option -s and then specify the network device. - - $ ip -s link - -![ip statistics all interfaces](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-statistics-all-interfaces.png) - -When you need to get information about a particular network interface, add the option **ls** followed by the name of the network interface. The option **-s** when used more than once gives you more information about that particular interface. This can be very useful especially when trouble shooting errors in network connectivity. - - $ ip -s -s link ls p2p1 - -![ip link statistics](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-link-statistics-.png) - -### ARP Entries ### - -Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is used to translate an IP address to its corresponding physical address, commonly known as MAC address. With ip command you can view the MAC address of the devices connected in your LAN by using the option neigh or neighbour. - - $ ip neighbour - -![ip neighbour](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-neighbour.png) - -### Monitor Netlink Messages ### - -It is also possible to view netlink messages with ip command. The monitor option allows you to see the state of your network devices. For instance a computer on your LAN could be categorized as REACHABLE or STALE depending on its status. The command can be used as follows: - - $ ip monitor all - -![ip monitor all](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-monitor-all.png) - -### Activate and Deactivate Network Interface ### - -To activate an particular interface you can use the ip command with options up and down, almost similar to how ifconfig is used. - -In this example you can see the routing table entry when the ppp0 interface is activated and after it is deactivated and activated once again. The interface can be wlan0 or eth0. Change ppp0 to whatever interface is available in your case. - - $ sudo ip link set ppp0 down - - $ sudo ip link set ppp0 up - -![ip link set up and down](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-link-set-up-and-down.png) - -### Getting Help ### - -In case you get stuck and do not know how a particular option works you can use the help option. The man page does not give a lot of information on how to use the ip options and this is where help comes to the rescue. - -For example, to know more about the route option: - - $ ip route help - -![ip route help](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-route-help.png) - -### Conclusion ### - -The command ip is a must have tool for network administrators and all Linux users alike. It is time to move from ifconfig, especially when you are writing scripts. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/use-ip-command-linux/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.linuxgrill.com/anonymous/iproute2/NEW-OSDL/ \ No newline at end of file From 90741b52a939c3a9e66d2c1c9a6ef704b0470bc2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: KayGuoWhu Date: Sat, 10 May 2014 10:39:12 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 043/601] commit transalted again --- ...d and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig.md | 120 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 120 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/tech/Start Practising Linux ip command and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig.md diff --git a/translated/tech/Start Practising Linux ip command and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig.md b/translated/tech/Start Practising Linux ip command and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e748fbd29e --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/Start Practising Linux ip command and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig.md @@ -0,0 +1,120 @@ +开始练习Linux的ip命令，避免使用ifconfig的习惯 +================================================================================ +linux的**ip**命令和**ifconfig**类似，但前者功能更强大，并旨在取代后者。使用ip命令，只需一个命令，你就能很轻松地执行一些网络管理任务。ifconfig是网络工具中已被废弃使用的一个命令，许多年前就已经没有维护了。许多命令的功能被保留在iproute2套件里以提供更多特性。 + +![Net tools vs Iproute2](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Linux-Nettools-vs-Iproute2.png) + +要安装ip，请下载**iproute2套装工具** [点击这里][1]。不过，大多数Linux发行版已经预装了iproute2工具。 + +你也可以使用git命令来下载源代码： + + $ git clone https://kernel.googlesource.com/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shemminger/iproute2.git + +![iproute2 git clone](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/iproute2-git-clone.png) + +### 设置和删除Ip地址 ### + +要给你的机器设置一个IP地址，可以使用下列ip命令： + + $ sudo ip addr add 192.168.0.193/24 dev wlan0 + +请注意IP地址要有一个后缀，比如/24。这种用法用于在无类域内路由选择（CIDR）中来显示所用的子网掩码。在这个例子中，子网掩码是255.255.255.0。 + +在你按照上述方式设置好IP地址后，需要查看是否已经生效。 + + $ ip addr show wlan0 + +![set ip address](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/set-ip-address.png) + +你也可以使用相同的方式来删除IP地址，只需用del代替add。 + + $ sudo ip addr del 192.168.0.193/24 dev wlan0 + +![delete ip address](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/delete-ip-address.png) + +### 列出路由表条目 ### + +ip路由对象的命令还可以帮助你查看网络中的路由数据包并设置你的路由表。第一个条目是默认的路由条目，你可以随意改动它。 + +在这个例子中，有一些路由条目。这个结果显示有几个设备通过不同的网络接口连接起来。它们包括WIFI、以太网和一个点对点连接。 + + $ ip route show + +![ip route show](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-route-show.png) + +假设现在你有一个IP地址，你需要知道路由包从哪里来。可以使用下面的路由选项： + + $ ip route get 10.42.0.47 + +![ip route get](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-route-get.png) + +### 更改默认路由 ### + +要更改默认路由，使用下面ip命令： + + $ sudo ip route add default via 192.168.0.196 + +![default route](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/default-route.png) + +### 显示网络统计数据 ### + +使用ip命令还可以显示不同网络接口的统计数据。 + +![ip statistics all interfaces](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-statistics-all-interfaces.png) + +当你需要获取一个特定网络接口的信息时，在网络接口名字后面添加选项**ls**即可。多次添加选项**-s**会给你这个特定接口更详细的信息。特别是在网络连接中排除故障时，这会非常有用。 + + $ ip -s -s link ls p2p1 + +![ip link statistics](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-link-statistics-.png) + +### ARP条目 ### + +地址解析协议（ARP）用于将一个IP地址转换成它对应的物理地址，也就是通常所说的MAC地址。使用ip命令的neigh或者neighbour选项，你可以查看接入你所在的局域网的设备的MAC地址。 + + $ ip neighbour + +![ip neighbour](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-neighbour.png) + +### 监控网络连接消息 ### + +也可以使用ip命令查看网络连接消息。monitor选项允许你查看网络设备的状态。比如，所在局域网的一台电脑根据它的状态可以被分类成REACHABLE或者STALE。使用下面的命令： + + $ ip monitor all + +![ip monitor all](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-monitor-all.png) + +### 激活和停止网络接口 ### + +你可以使用ip命令的up和down选项来激某个特定的接口，就像ifconfig的用法一样。 + +在这个例子中，当ppp0接口被激活和在它被停止和再次激活之后，你可以看到相应的路由表条目。这个接口可能是wlan0或者eth0.将ppp0更改为你可用的任意接口即可。 + + $ sudo ip link set ppp0 down + + $ sudo ip link set ppp0 up + +![ip link set up and down](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-link-set-up-and-down.png) + +### 获取帮助 ### + +当你陷入困境，不知道某一个特定的选项怎么用的时候，你可以使用help选项。man页面并不会提供许多关于如何使用ip选项的信息，因此这里就是获取帮助的地方。 + +比如，想知道关于route选项更多的信息： + + $ ip route help + +![ip route help](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-route-help.png) + +### 小结 ### + +对于网络管理员们和所有的Linux使用者们，ip命令是必备工具。是时候抛弃ifconfig命令了，特别是当你写脚本时。 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/use-ip-command-linux/ + +译者：[KayGuoWhu](https://github.com/KayGuoWhu) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.linuxgrill.com/anonymous/iproute2/NEW-OSDL/ \ No newline at end of file From a40a032122249411f0c7ee443fd65152065a0f58 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: linuhap Date: Sat, 10 May 2014 20:16:19 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 044/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ve USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md | 45 ------------------- ...ve USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md | 44 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 44 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md diff --git a/sources/tech/How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md b/sources/tech/How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md deleted file mode 100644 index bcfc3e34b4..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,45 +0,0 @@ -linuhap翻译中 -How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8 -================================================================================ -First step of installing Ubuntu is to create a live USB or disk. If you are using Windows XP, 7, 8 or 8.1, you can use Universal USB Installer to create a live USB. It’s my favorite and extremely easy to use. Let’s see how to easily make a live USB of Ubuntu i Windows 8. - -### Steps to create a live USB in Windows: ### - -#### Step 1: Download Ubuntu ISO #### - -Go to [Ubuntu][1] and download the ISO image of your preferred Ubuntu version. - -#### Step 2: Download Universal USB Installer #### - -Once you have downloaded the ISO of Ubuntu 14.04, go to [this page][2] and download the latest version of Universal USB Installer. - -#### Step 3: Creating the live USB #### - -Plugin the USB drive in the computer and run Universal USB Installer. Choose Ubuntu in type of Linux, browse to the location of downloaded ISO image and then select USB drive. Don’t forget to check the format option here. - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Create_Live_USB_Ubuntu_1404.png) - -It will present you with obvious warnings, click Yes. - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Create_Live_USB_Ubuntu_1404_1.png) - -Wait for sometime for the process to complete. You can push it to background, if you like. - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Create_Live_USB_Ubuntu_1404_2.png) - -That said, live USB should be created in few minutes. - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Create_Live_USB_Ubuntu_1404_3.png) - -Once the live USB is created, you can proceed with installation of Ubuntu 14.04. I hope this tutorial helped you to easily create live USB of Ubuntu in Windows. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://itsfoss.com/create-live-usb-of-ubuntu-in-windows/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/ -[2]:http://www.pendrivelinux.com/universal-usb-installer-easy-as-1-2-3/ diff --git a/translated/tech/How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md b/translated/tech/How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7bd8999b56 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +如何在windows 7 或 8 系统中制作一个Ubuntu 14.04 的USB随身碟（Live USB） +================================================================================ +安装Ubuntu的第一步是制作一个随身碟。如果你正在使用Windows XP，7，8 或者 8.1，你可以用Universal USB Installer去创建一个Live USB。这是我最喜欢用的，而且它很容易使用。让我们看看如何很容易地在Windows 8 里制作一个Ubuntu的Live USB 。 + +### 在Windows里制作live USB的步骤： ### + +#### 第一步：下载Ubuntu ISO镜像 #### + +到[Ubuntu网站][1]下载你首选Ubuntu版本的ISO镜像。 + +#### 第二步：下载Universal USB Installer #### + +如果你曾经下载了Ubuntu 14.04的ISO镜像，到[这个页面][2]下载最新版本的Universal USB Installer。 + +#### 第三部：制作live USB #### + +把U盘插在电脑上并运行Universal USB Installer。选择Linux类型为Ubuntu，浏览并选择下载的ISO镜像的路径，之后选择U盘。不要忘记在format（格式化）选项上打上勾。 + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Create_Live_USB_Ubuntu_1404.png) + +会弹出一个警告，点击Yes. + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Create_Live_USB_Ubuntu_1404_1.png) + +等待一段时间，等待制作完成。你也可以把它放在后台运行。 + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Create_Live_USB_Ubuntu_1404_2.png) + +也就是说，制作live USB需要几分钟时间。 + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Create_Live_USB_Ubuntu_1404_3.png) + +一旦live USB制作完成，说明你可以安装Ubuntu 14.04了。希望这个教程能帮助你在Windows中轻松制作Ubuntu的live USB。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://itsfoss.com/create-live-usb-of-ubuntu-in-windows/ + +译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/ +[2]:http://www.pendrivelinux.com/universal-usb-installer-easy-as-1-2-3/ \ No newline at end of file From 3584f860bc023bf79d345bb08b1626bdf58809fa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: linuhap Date: Sat, 10 May 2014 20:51:17 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 045/601] translating --- ...Fix Adobe Flash Player Issue In Chromium In Ubuntu 14.04.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/Fix Adobe Flash Player Issue In Chromium In Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/tech/Fix Adobe Flash Player Issue In Chromium In Ubuntu 14.04.md index c94b45abdd..25a4e7ff1a 100644 --- a/sources/tech/Fix Adobe Flash Player Issue In Chromium In Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ b/sources/tech/Fix Adobe Flash Player Issue In Chromium In Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +linuhap翻译中。。。 Fix Adobe Flash Player Issue In Chromium In Ubuntu 14.04 ================================================================================ One of the first few [things to do after installing Ubuntu 14.04][1] is to install Adobe Flash Player. Normally, if you install [Ubuntu Restricted Extras][2], Flash Player should be working and you should be able to watch online videos from websites like You Tube etc. @@ -36,4 +37,4 @@ via: http://itsfoss.com/fix-flash-player-issue-chromium-in-ubuntu-14-04/ [1]:http://itsfoss.com/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-14-04/ [2]:https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats [3]:http://blog.chromium.org/2013/09/saying-goodbye-to-our-old-friend-npapi.html -[4]:https://wiki.debian.org/PepperFlashPlayer \ No newline at end of file +[4]:https://wiki.debian.org/PepperFlashPlayer From 6a67fb60fdd46f61d39812930b68792fb7a206bf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sat, 10 May 2014 22:20:19 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 046/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AEmbedded=20t?= =?UTF-8?q?ech=20and=20use=20of=20Linux=20at=20the=202014=20GPU=20Technolo?= =?UTF-8?q?gy=20Conference?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ch and use of Linux at the 2014 GPU Technology Conference.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) rename {translated/news => published}/Embedded tech and use of Linux at the 2014 GPU Technology Conference.md (97%) diff --git a/translated/news/Embedded tech and use of Linux at the 2014 GPU Technology Conference.md b/published/Embedded tech and use of Linux at the 2014 GPU Technology Conference.md similarity index 97% rename from translated/news/Embedded tech and use of Linux at the 2014 GPU Technology Conference.md rename to published/Embedded tech and use of Linux at the 2014 GPU Technology Conference.md index 9544bef970..50b84ea980 100644 --- a/translated/news/Embedded tech and use of Linux at the 2014 GPU Technology Conference.md +++ b/published/Embedded tech and use of Linux at the 2014 GPU Technology Conference.md @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ via: http://opensource.com/life/14/4/gpu-technology-conference-2014 -译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 18f680764991a99cfe10beb00cf5f6884f7a8fe5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sat, 10 May 2014 22:28:49 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 047/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AUbuntu=20Fix?= =?UTF-8?q?es=20Security=20Flaw=20in=2014.04=20LTS=20Lock=20Screen?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md | 8 ++++---- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) rename {translated/talk => published}/Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md (81%) diff --git a/translated/talk/Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md b/published/Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md similarity index 81% rename from translated/talk/Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md rename to published/Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md index 71c817aac7..5cfa0b59a4 100644 --- a/translated/talk/Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md +++ b/published/Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -Ubuntu修复了14.04 LTS（长期支持版）上锁屏的安全漏洞 +Ubuntu修复了14.04 LTS 上锁屏的安全漏洞 ================================================================================ ![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/security-key.jpg) @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Ubuntu修复了14.04 LTS（长期支持版）上锁屏的安全漏洞 漏洞演示的一个视频[可以在YouTube上看到][3]。 -黑客仅限于利用本地访问，并不能远程运行。 +这个漏洞的攻击仅能影响到本地环境，并不能远程运行。 ### 其他锁屏问题的修复 ### @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Ubuntu修复了14.04 LTS（长期支持版）上锁屏的安全漏洞 随着受很多商业，教育机构和企业喜爱的Ubuntu LTS（长期支持版）的发布，这些问题可能是坏消息。但是，如果有问题的话，这都显示Canonical公司在应对和修复问题上是多么迅速——这是非常让人放心的。 -这也显示了七月份当第一个版本发布时，该公司在决定只提示当前长期支持版用户升级到 14.04 LTS 是多么机敏。这三个月的额外的缓冲时间给ubuntu社区和它的开发者的超级英雄殿堂更多时间去检测和修复安全问题比如以上这些问题。 +这也表明了该公司在决定在七月份时只提示当前LTS用户升级到 14.04 LTS 是多么机敏。这三个月的额外的缓冲时间给ubuntu社区和它的开发者的超级英雄殿堂更多时间去检测和修复安全问题比如以上这些问题。 如果你正在使用Ubuntu 14.04 LTS，记得经常检查和安装更新。 @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Ubuntu修复了14.04 LTS（长期支持版）上锁屏的安全漏洞 via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/ubuntu-fixes-security-flaw-trusty-login-screen -译者：[译者linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From b84564a2bbf55216d14e6defc8cbb9105ad73709 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: JonathanKang Date: Sat, 10 May 2014 22:46:24 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 048/601] translated --- ...nament Game to Arrive on Linux for Free.md | 36 ------------------ ...nament Game to Arrive on Linux for Free.md | 38 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/New Unreal Tournament Game to Arrive on Linux for Free.md create mode 100644 translated/news/New Unreal Tournament Game to Arrive on Linux for Free.md diff --git a/sources/news/New Unreal Tournament Game to Arrive on Linux for Free.md b/sources/news/New Unreal Tournament Game to Arrive on Linux for Free.md deleted file mode 100644 index b359dcbf14..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/New Unreal Tournament Game to Arrive on Linux for Free.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,36 +0,0 @@ -New Unreal Tournament Game to Arrive on Linux for Free -================================================================================ -![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/New-Unreal-Tournament-Game-to-Arrive-on-Linux-for-Free-441291-3.jpg) - -**Epic Games has announced that the next Unreal Tournament game in the series will be free and available on Linux, Windows, and Mac OS X.** - -The developers from Epic Games have followed through with their promise for [Linux support with the new Unreal Engine 4][1], and now they've confirmed that Linux will be a launch platform for the next Unreal Tournament game. - -The announcement regarding the development and release of the Unreal Tournament title for the Linux platform also comes with a few new interesting ideas that could change the way games are made, if the project becomes a real success. - -First of all, Unreal Tournament will be free. When users hear free, it's usually just free-to-play, meaning that they will have to pay money for additional content and advantages over the other players. This is not the case with Unreal Tournament, and Epic Games is trying a different business approach. - -After the game is made available to the public for free, the developers will also build a marketplace around the game where the community can sell the content for Unreal Tournament. The proceeds will be split between the makers of the content and Epic. - -In theory, this will be enough to pay for the game. This is not an entirely new concept because it's been applied in a somewhat similar fashion with Team Fortress 2, although it sounds to be more advanced than that. - -Epic Games has also said that the development is conducted by a small team of UT veterans, which have already started work on it, but here is where the interesting stuff happens. - -“From the very first line of code, the very first art created and design decision made, development will happen in the open, as a collaboration between Epic, UT fans and UE4 developers. We’ll be using forums for discussion, and Twitch streams for regular updates.” - -“If you are a fan and you want to participate, create a free account and join the forum discussion. All code and content will be available live to UE4 developers on GitHub,” reads the official [announcement][2]. - -Having the game developed under the scrutiny of the community is a major step forward and it will bring the studio closer to its audience. It also means that the game will be a lot closer to what the public is expecting and not to what the developers think the public is expecting. - -It will take a while for the game to playable in any kind of form, but users will be able to track its development in real time. If what Epic Games is saying comes to fruition, we might be playing a Beta version by the end of the year. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/New-Unreal-Tournament-Game-to-Arrive-on-Linux-for-Free-441291.shtml - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://news.softpedia.com/news/Unreal-Engine-4-1-Support-for-Linux-Might-Spark-the-End-of-Windows-Gaming-Domination-439373.shtml -[2]:https://wiki.unrealengine.com/Unreal_Tournament \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/news/New Unreal Tournament Game to Arrive on Linux for Free.md b/translated/news/New Unreal Tournament Game to Arrive on Linux for Free.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b6b73bf9b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/New Unreal Tournament Game to Arrive on Linux for Free.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ + +新的虚幻竞技场游戏将免费登陆linux + +================================================================================ + +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/New-Unreal-Tournament-Game-to-Arrive-on-Linux-for-Free-441291-3.jpg) + +英佩数码宣布下一款虚幻竞技场系列游戏将会支持Linux, Windows,以及Mac OS X三个系统平台，并且可以免费获得。 + +英佩数码公司的开发者遵守他们的承诺，因为[Linux支持新的4代虚拟引擎][1]，并且他们已经确认下一款虚幻竞技场系列游戏将会登陆Linux平台。 + +如果该项目成功的话，伴随着Linux平台下虚幻竞技场该款游戏的开发和发布，随之而来的也有一些可能改变开发游戏模式的有趣想法。 + +首先，虚幻竞技场这款游戏将会是免费的。当用户听到免费这个词时，通常他们认为仅仅是免费获取到游戏，意味着他们不得不为了额外的内容以及优于其他玩家的有利条件来掏腰包。不过虚幻竞技场这款游戏不是这样，英佩数码公司正在尝试一种不同的商业模式。 + +当这款游戏开发出来并且免费向公众提供后，开发者将会围绕这款游戏建立一个市场，在这个市场中相关组织团体可以销售他们对于该款游戏的内容。游戏收益就会分为游戏相关内容开发者以及英佩数码公司两个部分。 + +理论上来讲，对于玩这款游戏来说，这样就足够了。这并不是一个全新的观念，因为这个已经在Team Fortress 2这款游戏中得到了应用，尽管它听起来更加先进一些。英佩数码公司也已经声称该款游戏的开发是由虚幻竞技场团队的一部分有经验的技术人员负责，并且他们已经开始着手开发。但就是在这，发生了一些有趣的事情。 + +“从代码编写的第一行，从该创意产生那一时，从这个游戏设计决定下来那一刻，该游戏的开发工作就会向大众公开。这是在英佩数码、虚幻竞技场游戏粉丝以及游戏开发者之间的合作。我们会使用论坛来讨论游戏相关的问题，用twitch平台来使用户获得定期更新。” + +“如果你是一个粉丝并且你想参与游戏的开发和设计，那么你可以免费创建一个账户来加入论坛和我们一起讨论。所有的游戏代码和内容可以在UT开发者的github上获得”， [官方声明][2]如此说道。 + +在社区的监视和审查下开发游戏是向前迈出的一大步，它会缩小开发者和粉丝们的距离。这也意味着这款游戏会更加地符合公众的期待，而不是更加贴合开发者所谓的玩家的期待。 + +虽然还需要一段时间该款游戏才可以在所有平台上运行，但是用户们可以实时地获取开发进度。如果英佩数码公司的想法成为现实的话，我们就可以在今年年底获得该游戏的测试版本。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/New-Unreal-Tournament-Game-to-Arrive-on-Linux-for-Free-441291.shtml + +译者：[JonathanKang](https://github.com/JonathanKang) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://news.softpedia.com/news/Unreal-Engine-4-1-Support-for-Linux-Might-Spark-the-End-of-Windows-Gaming-Domination-439373.shtml +[2]:https://wiki.unrealengine.com/Unreal_Tournament From 0a29904715fd30dc76371ba484ff4a030232cff8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sat, 10 May 2014 22:58:57 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 049/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AHow=20To=20P?= =?UTF-8?q?lay=203D=20Movies=20In=20Ubuntu?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../tech => published}/How To Play 3D Movies In Ubuntu.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/How To Play 3D Movies In Ubuntu.md (85%) diff --git a/translated/tech/How To Play 3D Movies In Ubuntu.md b/published/How To Play 3D Movies In Ubuntu.md similarity index 85% rename from translated/tech/How To Play 3D Movies In Ubuntu.md rename to published/How To Play 3D Movies In Ubuntu.md index a077045bb5..3529c9158d 100644 --- a/translated/tech/How To Play 3D Movies In Ubuntu.md +++ b/published/How To Play 3D Movies In Ubuntu.md @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ bino 安装完成后通过应用程序 → 音视频 → Bino 来启动，或者 如果你想播放，可以通过文件（File）点击打开（Open）来定位你的3D视频剪辑或电影。你的电影将会开始播放，但是画面仍然分成两个部分，没人喜欢这样看电影。 -现在来输入（Input）选择左/右（Left/Right）选项。你将看到很大的改变，我确信你会喜欢。下面的截图说明了一切。我虽然刚开始用bino播放器，但是尝试着播放，看看我是否可以找到更多的技巧。 +现在在输入（Input）中选择左/右（Left/Right）选项。你将看到很大的改变，我觉得你会喜欢。下面的截图说明了一切。我虽然刚开始用bino播放器，但是尝试着播放，看看我是否可以找到更多的技巧。 ![](http://www.unixmen.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/s1.png) From a6bdf1e2af11844ff26a866546cb57b3b361020f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: CHINAANSHE Date: Sun, 11 May 2014 11:48:23 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 050/601] Update How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md --- ... and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md | 16 ++++++++++++++-- 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md b/sources/tech/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md index 305ea5eefc..09e6671b35 100644 --- a/sources/tech/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md +++ b/sources/tech/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md @@ -26,10 +26,22 @@ The next time you boot you will get a simple list of operating systems that will Enjoy! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - + 如何在同一台计算机上安装Windows 8.1和Ubuntu 14.04 LTS +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/How-to-Install-Windows-8-1-and-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-on-the-Same-Computer-440356-2.jpg) + **许多Windows用户，正在去尝试使用Linux操作系统，并且不用删除其它正在使用的系统。他们知道Linux操作系统，很容易更好的对待共享的同一台计算机上的其他操作系统，会很高兴的。** + 如果你是Windows用户，你想去安装Ubuntu。例如，程序实际上是相当简单的，需要一点小小的努力来自用户，他们只需要关注一下本程序。 + 一种新的基于PC操作系统正常的安装并不复杂，Ubuntu和 Linux同样也是。在大多数情况下，用户单击“下一步”对话框中，所有的都是按照这个脚本。当你想保存，也存在于相同的PC操作系统（不一定是Windows专门），更多的工作是必需的，但可以很容易。 + 从Ubuntu Linux编写一个图像是容易的，这是可以做到的一些应用程序。在Windows你将需要Ubuntu任何一个dvd上或USB（最好是）。为了让Ubuntu正确复制到一个USB设备，你将需要下载一个小巧的工具称为Win32 Disk Imager 0.9.5。它具有一个简单的界面，它是完全自动的。 + 现在，把Ubuntu安装重启之前，你可能要设置一些自由的空间，将用于Ubuntu，但一个分区是不够的。您将需要两个，一个Ubuntu本身的（大约10GB，如果你不想安装太多的应用的话，就足够了）和第二分区（Windows pagefile等），这是増加你的内存。你不需要的他们，但他们都是免费的。如果你在第二HDD安装Ubuntu，那就更好了。 + 插上USB和重新启动。你会得到一个提示试用或安装。选择安装并给你选择：安装Ubuntu和Windows 8（或任何你拥有版本），替换Windows 8与Ubuntu，或者别的什么。 + 你可以选择安装在Windows 8，但你也许不喜欢，安装程序将为你选择。这是更好地打击其他手动安装。 + 发现，你放置Ubuntu空闲分区（安装程序无法读取Windows卷名称），双击它，选择ext4文件系统，和“/”作为默认的安装点。 + 现在选择较小的分区和选择交换文件。就这些了。当你点击下一步，安装程序将启动，你将要选择的名称，密码，和其他细节。 + 下次当你启动你时将得到一个简单的操作系统，将让你选择你喜欢的操作系统列表。 + 尽情享受！ via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/How-to-Install-Windows-8-1-and-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-on-the-Same-Computer-440356.shtml -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[CHINAANSHE](https://github.com/CHINAANSHE) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From e3c13e9750679623a843e602a06e09a550b17bac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: CHINAANSHE Date: Sun, 11 May 2014 11:48:43 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 051/601] Update How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md --- ...tall Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/sources/tech/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md b/sources/tech/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md index 09e6671b35..9cc2417e63 100644 --- a/sources/tech/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md +++ b/sources/tech/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md @@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ Enjoy! 现在选择较小的分区和选择交换文件。就这些了。当你点击下一步，安装程序将启动，你将要选择的名称，密码，和其他细节。 下次当你启动你时将得到一个简单的操作系统，将让你选择你喜欢的操作系统列表。 尽情享受！ + via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/How-to-Install-Windows-8-1-and-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-on-the-Same-Computer-440356.shtml 译者：[CHINAANSHE](https://github.com/CHINAANSHE) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) From 00b94f59b0f8d85406d490e3545bd5af8ac0e04c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Vic___ Date: Sun, 11 May 2014 12:04:11 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 052/601] Update How to use LVM in Linux.md --- sources/tech/How to use LVM in Linux.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/How to use LVM in Linux.md b/sources/tech/How to use LVM in Linux.md index 32b8075c71..859b2867c9 100644 --- a/sources/tech/How to use LVM in Linux.md +++ b/sources/tech/How to use LVM in Linux.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +Vic020 在被关，我就急 + How to use LVM in Linux ================================================================================ Logical Volume Manager (LVM) is a versatile disk management system that can easily be used in Linux or similar operating systems. Traditional partitions are created in fixed sizes, and resizing them is a tedious process. On the other hand, LVM creates and manages "logical" volumes off of physical hard disks, and provides administrators the flexibility to extend and shrink logical volumes easily on demand without damaging stored data. Additional hard disks can be added to LVM at will, further increasing existing logical volumes. LVM does not need reboot as long as the kernel is aware of the existence of a partition. @@ -350,4 +352,4 @@ via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/use-lvm-linux.html 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 9d6fbfad5026bdf2896e878b9ce81b833e871aaa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: CHINAANSHE Date: Sun, 11 May 2014 13:16:29 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 053/601] Update How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux.md --- ...How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux.md b/sources/tech/How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux.md index d2cf5f45a5..465d4fc90d 100644 --- a/sources/tech/How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux.md +++ b/sources/tech/How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ + How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux ================================================================================ Do you never miss a new strip from xkcd? Read webcomics regularly? Or would you like to back up all the strips of your favorite website? Hopefully, the open source community has the solution: a command line program to download all your favorite webcomics from your terminal. @@ -104,4 +105,4 @@ via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/download-webcomics-command-line-linux.html [1]:http://wummel.github.io/dosage/ [2]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/install-pip-linux.html -[3]:http://wummel.github.io/dosage/dosage.1.html \ No newline at end of file +[3]:http://wummel.github.io/dosage/dosage.1.html From c48ab3b4d16771eb510784889b13cdb66d82beab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: MikeCoder Date: Sun, 11 May 2014 15:14:10 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 054/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ble UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md | 75 ------------------ ...ble UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md | 79 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 79 insertions(+), 75 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md diff --git a/sources/tech/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md b/sources/tech/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md deleted file mode 100644 index f4bce1001a..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,75 +0,0 @@ -How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1 -================================================================================ -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Disable_Secure_Boot_Windows8_UEFI.jpeg) - -These days, if you buy a computer pre-installed with Windows, you’ll end up with either Windows 8 or Windows 8.1. Starting with Windows 8, Microsoft replaced BIOS with UEFI. UEFI is not something that Microsoft invented, instead its a protocol in existence before Windows 8. Some Mac devices have been using UEFI for some time now. - -With UEFI comes the feature of “secure boot” which boots only those boot loaders that are signed in to UEFI firmware. This security feature prevents rootkit malware and provides an additional layer of security. But it has a down side, if you want to dual boot Windows 8 with Linux, Secure Boot will not allow it. Therefore it is advised to **disable secure boot in Windows 8 to allow dual booting with Linux**. - -### Disable UEFI secure boot in Windows 8 and 8.1 ### - -There have been too many noises around secure boot. Because of these rumors, some people almost believed that dual boot to Linux is not possible with pre-installed Windows 8. While that is true for Arm PCs, secure boot can be disabled in Intel based system. Honestly, **disabling UEFI secure boot** is not at all a herculean task and same can be said for dual booting Linux with Windows 8 UEFI. - -While it is fairly straight forward to access BIOS settings, you press F10 or F12 at boot time, it’s not the same case with UEFI. To access UEFI settings, you’ll have to go from within Windows. Let’s see how to access UEFI settings to disable secure boot in Windows 8. - -#### Step 1: Go to PC settings #### - -Open the settings charms in Windows by pressing Windows+I keys. At the bottom, you’ll see the option of Change PC settings. Click on it. - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Disable_Secure_Boot_1.jpeg) - -#### Step 2: Go to Advanced startup #### - -There will be a slight difference in PC settings for Windows 8 and Windows 8.1. Depending upon which one you are using, you can follow the respective procedure described below: - -Windows 8: In Windows 8, you need to go to General PC settings and select **Advanced startup** and then click on **Restart now:** - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Change_PC_Settings_Windows8.jpg) - -**Window 8.1**: In Windows 8.1, go to **Update and recovery** from left sidebar: - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Disable_Secure_Boot_Windows8_2.jpeg) - -Then click **Restart now** under **Advanced startup**: - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Disable_Secure_Boot_Windows8_3.jpeg) - -Don’t worry! It won’t restart right after it, instead it will provide some option that you will see on next boot. - -#### Step 4 Access UEFI settings #### - -After you have clicked Restart now button, you will be presented with some options to choose from in the next screen. Select **Troubleshoot** here: - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Troubleshoot_Windows8.jpg) - -In **Troubleshoot** menu, select **Advanced options**: - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Troubleshoot_Windows8_1.jpg) - -In Advanced options menu, choose **UEFI Firmware settings**: - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Troubleshoot_Windows8_2.jpg) - -Next, click on **Restart** button to reboot your system in UEFI settings which ‘may’ seem to have similar interface as BIOS. - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Troubleshoot_Windows8_3.jpg) - -#### Step 5: Disable secure boot in UEFI #### - -By this time you must have been booted in to UEFI utility. You can change various settings here but all we want to do right now is to disable secure boot option to allow dual booting of Ubuntu or any other Linux - -Move to Boot tab, there you’ll find **Secure Boot** option which is set to enabled. Use the arrow key to go to Secure Boot option and then press **enter** to select it. **Use + or – to change its value**. Confirm it when prompted. Press **F10 to save the changes** and exit the UEFI settings. - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Disable_Secure_Boot_Windows8.jpg) - -Next you’ll be booted in to Windows normally. Now you should be able to dual boot Windows 8 with Ubuntu or other Linux OS. I’ll be writing on how to dual boot Ubuntu with Windows 8 UEFI in coming days. Stay tuned. - -I hope this tutorial helps you to disable secure boot in Windows 8 and Windows 8.1. Any questions or suggestions are always welcomed. Feel free to drop a comment. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://itsfoss.com/disable-uefi-secure-boot-in-windows-8/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/tech/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md b/translated/tech/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bdd6fa77f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +如何在Windows 8 & 8.1上禁用UEFI安全验证 +================================================================================ +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Disable_Secure_Boot_Windows8_UEFI.jpeg) + +现在，如果你买了预装Windows的电脑，一般都是Windows8或Windows8.1。从Windows8开始，微软用UEFI取代了BIOS。尽管UEFI不是微软发明的，在Windows8之前他就已经存在。比如某些Mac设备就已经使用UEFI有一段时间了。 + +UEFI有“安全启动”这个特点，引导程序只会启动那些得到UEFI固件签署的引导装载程序。此安全功能可以防止Rootkit类的恶意软件，并提供了额外的安全层。但它有一个缺点，如果你想在Linux的电脑上启动Windows8，安全机制将会制止他。因此，我们建议**禁用安全启动，来让Windows 8支持Linux的双系统启动**。 + +### 在Windows 8 & 8.1上禁用UEFI安全验证 ### + +现在在关于安全启动，充斥着各种各样的杂音。由于这些传闻，有些人几乎认为在预装Windows8的电脑上启动到Linux是不可能的，虽然在ARM上这是真的。但是安全引导可以在基于Intel的系统上被禁用。老实说，**禁用UEFI安全启动**不是一个艰巨的任务，同样的双启动的Linux与Windows 8 也不是。 + +While it is fairly straight forward to access BIOS settings, you press F10 or F12 at boot time, it’s not the same case with UEFI. To access UEFI settings, you’ll have to go from within Windows. Let’s see how to access UEFI settings to disable secure boot in Windows 8. + + +虽然在当年BIOS时，这是相当简单的，在启动的时候按F10或F12键即可。但是在UEFI的世界里，就不一样了。要访问UEFI设置，你就必须到Windows中去。让我们来看看如何访问UEFI设置禁用Windows8安全启动。 + +#### Step 1: 进入PC设置 #### + +点击 Windows+I 按钮进入Windows设置界面。在底部，你会看到更改电脑设置的选项。点击它。 + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Disable_Secure_Boot_1.jpeg) + +#### Step 2: 进入高级启动 #### + + +在Windows 8和Windows8.1上，PC设置有一个细微的差别。依照你使用的系统，你需要分别按照下面介绍的各个步骤进行操作： + +Windows 8的：在Windows 8中，你需要进入一般的PC设置，并选择**高级启动**，然后点击**立即重新启动：** + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Change_PC_Settings_Windows8.jpg) + +**Window 8.1**的：在Windows8.1，从左侧边栏点击**更新和恢复**： + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Disable_Secure_Boot_Windows8_2.jpeg) + +然后单击**立即重新启动**下的**高级启动**： + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Disable_Secure_Boot_Windows8_3.jpeg) + +不要担心！这之后也不会立刻重新启动，而是会提供一些​​选项，你将在下次开机看到的。 + +#### Step 4: 进入UEFI设置 #### + +当您单击立即重新启动按钮，你将会看到一些选项从下一屏幕选择。选择**疑难解答**这里： + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Troubleshoot_Windows8.jpg) + +在**疑难解答**菜单中，选择**高级选项**： + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Troubleshoot_Windows8_1.jpg) + +在高级选项菜单中，选择** UEFI固件设置**： + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Troubleshoot_Windows8_2.jpg) + +接下来，在在UEFI设置里，点击**重新启动**按钮重新启动您的系统，就像之前在BIOS中做的一样。 + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Troubleshoot_Windows8_3.jpg) + +#### Step 5: 在 UEFI 中禁用安全启动 #### + +这个时候，你必须已经启动到UEFI工具。你可以在这里更改各种设置，但所有我们想要做的，就是禁用安全启动选项，允许的Ubuntu的双启动或任何其他的Linux。 + +移动到启动选项卡，在那里你会发现**安全引导**选项被设置为启用。使用箭头键进入安全引导选项，然后按**进入**来选择它。 *使用+或 - 来改变它的值。**确认提示时。按** F10键保存更改**并退出UEFI设置。 + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Disable_Secure_Boot_Windows8.jpg) + +接下来，您将到Windows正常开机。现在，你应该可以双启动的Windows8与Ubuntu或其他Linux操作系统。我会在未来的日子里写关于如何双启动的Ubuntu与Windows 8 UEFI。敬请关注。 + +我希望这个教程可以帮助你禁用Windows8和Windows8.1的安全引导。任何疑问或建议，随时欢迎。随时给意见。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://itsfoss.com/disable-uefi-secure-boot-in-windows-8/ + +译者：[MikeCoder](https://github.com/MikeCoder) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file From 76a3a3b9dbdfd9b75d21dd9bfa5364378f49bc46 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: MikeCoder Date: Sun, 11 May 2014 15:16:34 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 055/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E4=B8=80=E7=82=B9=E4=BF=AE=E6=94=B9?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../tech/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md | 3 --- 1 file changed, 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md b/translated/tech/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md index bdd6fa77f5..7af346fa15 100644 --- a/translated/tech/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md +++ b/translated/tech/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md @@ -10,9 +10,6 @@ UEFI有“安全启动”这个特点，引导程序只会启动那些得到UEFI 现在在关于安全启动，充斥着各种各样的杂音。由于这些传闻，有些人几乎认为在预装Windows8的电脑上启动到Linux是不可能的，虽然在ARM上这是真的。但是安全引导可以在基于Intel的系统上被禁用。老实说，**禁用UEFI安全启动**不是一个艰巨的任务，同样的双启动的Linux与Windows 8 也不是。 -While it is fairly straight forward to access BIOS settings, you press F10 or F12 at boot time, it’s not the same case with UEFI. To access UEFI settings, you’ll have to go from within Windows. Let’s see how to access UEFI settings to disable secure boot in Windows 8. - - 虽然在当年BIOS时，这是相当简单的，在启动的时候按F10或F12键即可。但是在UEFI的世界里，就不一样了。要访问UEFI设置，你就必须到Windows中去。让我们来看看如何访问UEFI设置禁用Windows8安全启动。 #### Step 1: 进入PC设置 #### From dc0eaa29f70892960c4fd5f54b634559d2532315 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: linuhap Date: Mon, 12 May 2014 08:35:33 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 056/601] translated --- ...layer Issue In Chromium In Ubuntu 14.04.md | 40 ------------------- ...layer Issue In Chromium In Ubuntu 14.04.md | 40 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 40 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/Fix Adobe Flash Player Issue In Chromium In Ubuntu 14.04.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/Fix Adobe Flash Player Issue In Chromium In Ubuntu 14.04.md diff --git a/sources/tech/Fix Adobe Flash Player Issue In Chromium In Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/tech/Fix Adobe Flash Player Issue In Chromium In Ubuntu 14.04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 25a4e7ff1a..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/Fix Adobe Flash Player Issue In Chromium In Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,40 +0,0 @@ -linuhap翻译中。。。 -Fix Adobe Flash Player Issue In Chromium In Ubuntu 14.04 -================================================================================ -One of the first few [things to do after installing Ubuntu 14.04][1] is to install Adobe Flash Player. Normally, if you install [Ubuntu Restricted Extras][2], Flash Player should be working and you should be able to watch online videos from websites like You Tube etc. - -But this is not the case with Chromium and Ubuntu 14.04 combination. While you can easily play You Tube videos etc on other web browsers such as Firefox, Chrome etc, in Chromium you will see Adobe Flash player missing notice: - -**Adobe Flash Player is required to display some elements on this page. Install plug-in..** - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Flash_Player_Ubuntu_1404_Chromium.jpeg) - -### Reason for flash player issue exclusively in Chromium: ### - -The reason why this issue occurs only in Chromium is that until now Chromium used Netscape Plugin API for Flash support. Starting from Ubuntu 14.04, [Chromium will stop using Netscape Plugin API][3]. Hence, you will face issues with Adobe Flash Player with Chromium. - -Now, why this issue doesn’t occur with other web browsers? Answer is because they use Flash version 11.2. - -### Fix Adobe Flash Player issue with Chromium: ### - -To fix this issue, we’ll be using Pepper Flash Player, a safer and more stable version of Flash Player from Google. An [Adobe Flash Player Pepper installer][4] is available in Ubuntu 14.04 repositories. This installer downloads Google Chrome, extracts Pepper Flash Player and sets it up for Chromium usage. - -To install Pepper Flash Player in Ubuntu 14.04, open a terminal and use the following commands: - - sudo apt-get install pepperflashplugin-nonfree - sudo update-pepperflashplugin-nonfree --install - -Restarting Chromium will do. No need of a system reboot. I hope this quick post helped you to fix Adobe Flash Player issue with Chromium. Any questions or suggestions are always welcomed. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://itsfoss.com/fix-flash-player-issue-chromium-in-ubuntu-14-04/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://itsfoss.com/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-14-04/ -[2]:https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats -[3]:http://blog.chromium.org/2013/09/saying-goodbye-to-our-old-friend-npapi.html -[4]:https://wiki.debian.org/PepperFlashPlayer diff --git a/translated/tech/Fix Adobe Flash Player Issue In Chromium In Ubuntu 14.04.md b/translated/tech/Fix Adobe Flash Player Issue In Chromium In Ubuntu 14.04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dcde5182f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/Fix Adobe Flash Player Issue In Chromium In Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +修复Ubuntu 14.04中Chromium的Adobe Flash Player的问题 +================================================================================ +[安装Ubuntu 14.04之后，先要做的几件事情][1]中其中一项是安装Adobe Flash Player。一般来说，如果安装了[Ubuntu Restricted Extras][2]，Flash Player应该可以工作而且你应该能够在网上观看在线视频，比如You Tube等网站上。 + +这不是Chromium和Ubuntu 14.04结合使用的原因。当你用其他的网页浏览器比如火狐、Chrome时，你可以轻松地播放You Tube等网站视频，在Chromium中你将会看到Adobe Flash player缺失插件的通知： + +**Adobe Flash Player is required to display some elements on this page. Install plug-in..** + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Flash_Player_Ubuntu_1404_Chromium.jpeg) + +### 只有在Chromium中出现flash player问题的原因： ### + +只有在Chromium中发生这个问题的原因是，之前Chromium使用Netscape Plugin API构架来支持Flash，从Ubuntu 14.04开始，[Chromium将会停止使用Netscape Plugin API][3]。今后，你将要面对Chromium中Adobe Flash Player的问题。 + +现在，为什么这个问题没有发生在其他浏览器上？答案是，因为它们使用 Flash Player 11.2。 + +### 修复Chromium上Adobe Flash Player的问题： ### + +修复这个问题，我们将使用Pepper Flash Player，一个来自Google更安全更稳定的版本的Flash Player。在Ubuntu 14.04的源里有[Adobe Flash Player Pepper 安装器][4]。这个安装器下载Google Chrome，提取出Pepper Flash Player然后建立给Chromium使用。 + +要在Ubuntu 14.04安装Pepper Flash Player，打开一个终端，使用下面的命令： + + sudo apt-get install pepperflashplugin-nonfree + sudo update-pepperflashplugin-nonfree --install + +之后重启Chromium。不用重启系统。我希望这个帖子能够帮助你解决Chromium上Adobe Flash Player的问题。欢迎提出任何问题和建议。 + + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://itsfoss.com/fix-flash-player-issue-chromium-in-ubuntu-14-04/ + +译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://itsfoss.com/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-14-04/ +[2]:https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats +[3]:http://blog.chromium.org/2013/09/saying-goodbye-to-our-old-friend-npapi.html +[4]:https://wiki.debian.org/PepperFlashPlayer From 88eb4065fccabca4fec587e0067d49109371cfcc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Mon, 12 May 2014 09:43:39 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 057/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9ANew=20Unreal?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Tournament=20Game=20to=20Arrive=20on=20Linux=20for=20Free?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...urnament Game to Arrive on Linux for Free.md | 17 ++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) rename {translated/news => published}/New Unreal Tournament Game to Arrive on Linux for Free.md (67%) diff --git a/translated/news/New Unreal Tournament Game to Arrive on Linux for Free.md b/published/New Unreal Tournament Game to Arrive on Linux for Free.md similarity index 67% rename from translated/news/New Unreal Tournament Game to Arrive on Linux for Free.md rename to published/New Unreal Tournament Game to Arrive on Linux for Free.md index b6b73bf9b2..e31574c11a 100644 --- a/translated/news/New Unreal Tournament Game to Arrive on Linux for Free.md +++ b/published/New Unreal Tournament Game to Arrive on Linux for Free.md @@ -1,36 +1,35 @@ 新的虚幻竞技场游戏将免费登陆linux - ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/New-Unreal-Tournament-Game-to-Arrive-on-Linux-for-Free-441291-3.jpg) -英佩数码宣布下一款虚幻竞技场系列游戏将会支持Linux, Windows,以及Mac OS X三个系统平台，并且可以免费获得。 +Epic Games宣布下一款虚幻竞技场系列游戏将会支持Linux, Windows,以及Mac OS X三个系统平台，并且可以免费获得。 -英佩数码公司的开发者遵守他们的承诺，因为[Linux支持新的4代虚拟引擎][1]，并且他们已经确认下一款虚幻竞技场系列游戏将会登陆Linux平台。 +Epic Games的开发者遵守他们的承诺，[新的4代虚拟引擎支持了Linux][1]，并且他们已经确认下一款虚幻竞技场系列游戏将会登陆Linux平台。 如果该项目成功的话，伴随着Linux平台下虚幻竞技场该款游戏的开发和发布，随之而来的也有一些可能改变开发游戏模式的有趣想法。 -首先，虚幻竞技场这款游戏将会是免费的。当用户听到免费这个词时，通常他们认为仅仅是免费获取到游戏，意味着他们不得不为了额外的内容以及优于其他玩家的有利条件来掏腰包。不过虚幻竞技场这款游戏不是这样，英佩数码公司正在尝试一种不同的商业模式。 +首先，虚幻竞技场这款游戏将会是免费的。当用户听到免费这个词时，通常他们认为仅仅是免费获取到游戏，意味着他们不得不为了额外的内容以及优于其他玩家的有利条件来掏腰包。不过虚幻竞技场这款游戏不是这样，Epic Games正在尝试一种不同的商业模式。 -当这款游戏开发出来并且免费向公众提供后，开发者将会围绕这款游戏建立一个市场，在这个市场中相关组织团体可以销售他们对于该款游戏的内容。游戏收益就会分为游戏相关内容开发者以及英佩数码公司两个部分。 +当这款游戏开发出来并且免费向公众提供后，开发者将会围绕这款游戏建立一个市场，在这个市场中相关组织团体可以销售他们对于该款游戏的内容。游戏收益就会分为游戏相关内容开发者以及Epic Games两个部分。 -理论上来讲，对于玩这款游戏来说，这样就足够了。这并不是一个全新的观念，因为这个已经在Team Fortress 2这款游戏中得到了应用，尽管它听起来更加先进一些。英佩数码公司也已经声称该款游戏的开发是由虚幻竞技场团队的一部分有经验的技术人员负责，并且他们已经开始着手开发。但就是在这，发生了一些有趣的事情。 +理论上来讲，对于玩这款游戏来说，这样就足够了。这并不是一个全新的观念，因为这个已经在Team Fortress 2这款游戏中得到了应用，尽管它听起来更加先进一些。Epic Games也已经声称该款游戏的开发是由虚幻竞技场团队的一部分有经验的技术人员负责，并且他们已经开始着手开发。但还有一些有趣的事情。 -“从代码编写的第一行，从该创意产生那一时，从这个游戏设计决定下来那一刻，该游戏的开发工作就会向大众公开。这是在英佩数码、虚幻竞技场游戏粉丝以及游戏开发者之间的合作。我们会使用论坛来讨论游戏相关的问题，用twitch平台来使用户获得定期更新。” +“从代码编写的第一行，从该创意产生那一时，从这个游戏设计决定下来那一刻，该游戏的开发工作就会向大众公开。这是在Epic Games、虚幻竞技场游戏粉丝以及游戏开发者之间的合作。我们会使用论坛来讨论游戏相关的问题，用twitch平台来使用户获得定期更新。” “如果你是一个粉丝并且你想参与游戏的开发和设计，那么你可以免费创建一个账户来加入论坛和我们一起讨论。所有的游戏代码和内容可以在UT开发者的github上获得”， [官方声明][2]如此说道。 在社区的监视和审查下开发游戏是向前迈出的一大步，它会缩小开发者和粉丝们的距离。这也意味着这款游戏会更加地符合公众的期待，而不是更加贴合开发者所谓的玩家的期待。 -虽然还需要一段时间该款游戏才可以在所有平台上运行，但是用户们可以实时地获取开发进度。如果英佩数码公司的想法成为现实的话，我们就可以在今年年底获得该游戏的测试版本。 +虽然还需要一段时间该款游戏才可以在所有平台上运行，但是用户们可以实时地获取开发进度。如果Epic Games的想法成为现实的话，我们就可以在今年年底获得该游戏的测试版本。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/New-Unreal-Tournament-Game-to-Arrive-on-Linux-for-Free-441291.shtml -译者：[JonathanKang](https://github.com/JonathanKang) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[JonathanKang](https://github.com/JonathanKang) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From bc01950e336c312dbcf1974d33328d5ca4b76f9e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Wenxuan Zhao Date: Sun, 11 May 2014 22:59:14 -0300 Subject: [PATCH 058/601] =?UTF-8?q?[=E5=90=90=E8=A1=80=E5=A1=AB=E5=9D=91]?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Ubuntu=2014.10=20=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=20=E6=9D=A5=E8=87=AA?= =?UTF-8?q?=E4=B9=8C=E6=89=98=E9=82=A6=E7=9A=84=E7=8B=AC=E8=A7=92=E5=85=BD?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...buntu 14.10 to Be Called Utopic Unicorn.md | 51 ++++++++----------- 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/news/Ubuntu 14.10 to Be Called Utopic Unicorn.md b/sources/news/Ubuntu 14.10 to Be Called Utopic Unicorn.md index f604132098..6750dc5c92 100644 --- a/sources/news/Ubuntu 14.10 to Be Called Utopic Unicorn.md +++ b/sources/news/Ubuntu 14.10 to Be Called Utopic Unicorn.md @@ -1,25 +1,35 @@ -# Viz 再占领一篇！ -Ubuntu 14.10 to Be Called Utopic Unicorn +Ubuntu 14.10 —— 来自乌托邦的独角兽 ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-14-10-to-Be-Called-Utopic-Unicorn-439028-2.jpg) -**Mark Shuttleworth, the founder of Canonical, has chosen the name of the next Ubuntu, 14.10, and it will be called Utopic Unicorn.** +**Mark Shuttleworth，Canonical 的创始人，已经为 Ubuntu 的下一个版本 (14.10) 起好了名字，新版本的名字将是乌托邦的独角兽。** -The Ubuntu developers don't usually take a lot of rest between development cycles, which means that work on Ubuntu 14.10 will start any day now and, in six months’ time, in October 2014, we'll have a new release. Granted, it won't be an LTS version, but Mark Shuttleworth wants the development team to test the waters on what's possible and make some big leaps forward. +Ubuntu 的开发者们并不经常在两个开发周期之间停顿太久，也就是说 Ubuntu 14.10 的工作将可能在最近的某一天开始，并经过六个月的时间，在 2014 年十月份放出一个新的版本。 +当然，她不会是一个 LTS 版本，但是 Mark Shuttleworth 希望其开发团队尽可能的试水可能的改进以为将来的迈进做准备。 -“So bring your upstanding best to the table – or the forum – or the mailing list – and let’s make something amazing. Something unified and upright, something about which we can be universally proud. And since we’re getting that once-every-two-years chance to make fresh starts and dream unconstrained dreams about what the future should look like, we may as well go all out and give it a dreamlike name. Let’s get going on the utopic unicorn. Give it stick,” said Mark Shuttleworth in his regular [announcement][1]. +“拿出你的最佳表现给大家，展现给论坛，展现给邮件列表，我们要做些出色的事情。一些和谐而大气的事情，一些我们可以一直引以为傲的事情。 +由于我们正处于两年一次的崭新开始，可以不受拘束的展望下未来的情景，我们同样可以给她一个梦幻的名字。 +让我们骑上来自乌托邦的独角兽。刺向未来，” Mark Shuttleworth 在他的例行[发布会][1]上说道。 -The name of Utopic Unicorn is a little different from what we’d usually expect. None of the names chosen so far has been mythical, which makes Ubuntu 14.10 a peculiar version. Either he couldn't find a real and interesting animal to use for the name, or he just couldn't resist to the use of Unicorn. +乌托邦的独角兽这个名字的确有些出人意料。先前的名字从来没带有如此的神秘色彩，也就造就了 Ubuntu 14.10 这一独特的版本。 +或许他本人没法找到一个有趣而有真正存在的动物来命名，或者他仅仅是无法抗拒独角兽的魅力。 -Canonical doesn't leave the name choosing process to the community, like Fedora does. It would generate the most bizarre names and it's likely Ubuntu would end up with some funky codename that no one really likes. +Canonical 并没有像 Fedora 那样将命名权交给社区。 +如此一来也就有可能会产生这样奇怪的名字，或许有天 Ubuntu 将会得到些没人喜欢的奇怪开发代号。 -From what Mark Shuttleworth has been describing in his post, it seems that Ubuntu developers have been given a blank check to make something different. This doesn't mean that the next Ubuntu will be radically different, but if we keep in mind that it's a system with only a nine-month support period, it's very likely that they will experiment a great deal. +从 Mark Shuttleworth 的帖子中所描述的来看，就像是给开发者做出的变动打了张空头支票。 +这并不代表下一代 Ubuntu 将会截然不同，但单单从系统将被支持九个月时间上来看，他们或许会很了劲儿的折腾一票。 -“The discipline of an LTS constrains our creativity – our users appreciate the results of a focused effort on performance and stability and maintainability, and we appreciate the spring cleaning that comes with a focus on technical debt. But the point of spring cleaning is to make room for fresh ideas and new art, and our next release has to raise the roof in that regard. And what a spectacular time to be unleashing creativity in Ubuntu,” also noted Mark Shuttleworth. +“LTS 版本将会约束我们的创造力 —— 我们的用户虽然更乐意于巩固性能、稳定和可维护性，但我们更倾向于技术累赘的清扫。 +这个清扫的目的是为新的创意与设计腾出空间，并为下个版本添砖加瓦。 +这将是个多么壮观释放创造力的时刻啊，” Mark Shuttleworth 也这么提到。 -It's also very likely that Ubuntu developers will try to get a little bit closer to their convergence goal of having a single codebase running on all the platforms. It won't be ready in this cycle, but we will probably see some major improvements. +同时 Ubuntu 的开发者们也十分可能会尝试向多平台整合的目标靠拢直至所有平台使用同一代码库。 +这虽然不会在这个开发周期准备就需，但我们很肯能能看到一些主要的改进。 -All hail Utopic Unicorn! +乌托邦独角兽万岁！ + +（译者注：由于马克叔风骚的文笔，译者正在去往医院抢救的路上……精通英文者建议看原文） -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -30,22 +40,3 @@ via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-14-10-to-Be-Called-Utopic-Unicorn-439 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [1]:http://www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/1363 -[2]: -[3]: -[4]: -[5]: -[6]: -[7]: -[8]: -[9]: -[10]: -[11]: -[12]: -[13]: -[14]: -[15]: -[16]: -[17]: -[18]: -[19]: -[20]: From ad4f9098ce487743678387141731639ca75d754b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Wenxuan Zhao Date: Sun, 11 May 2014 23:01:51 -0300 Subject: [PATCH 059/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=A7=BB=E5=8A=A8=E4=B8=80=E4=B8=8B?= =?UTF-8?q?=E4=B8=8B2333?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../news/Ubuntu 14.10 to Be Called Utopic Unicorn.md | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename {sources => translated}/news/Ubuntu 14.10 to Be Called Utopic Unicorn.md (100%) diff --git a/sources/news/Ubuntu 14.10 to Be Called Utopic Unicorn.md b/translated/news/Ubuntu 14.10 to Be Called Utopic Unicorn.md similarity index 100% rename from sources/news/Ubuntu 14.10 to Be Called Utopic Unicorn.md rename to translated/news/Ubuntu 14.10 to Be Called Utopic Unicorn.md From a388d54d80560db1fed52802674d64023eea06bc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Mon, 12 May 2014 10:06:35 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 060/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AFile=20encry?= =?UTF-8?q?ption=20with=20GNU=20Privacy=20Guard?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../File encryption with GNU Privacy Guard.md | 16 ++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/File encryption with GNU Privacy Guard.md (75%) diff --git a/translated/tech/File encryption with GNU Privacy Guard.md b/published/File encryption with GNU Privacy Guard.md similarity index 75% rename from translated/tech/File encryption with GNU Privacy Guard.md rename to published/File encryption with GNU Privacy Guard.md index 0623348dda..575a3ad654 100644 --- a/translated/tech/File encryption with GNU Privacy Guard.md +++ b/published/File encryption with GNU Privacy Guard.md @@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ ### GPG (GNU Privacy Guard) ### -GPG是GNU Privacy Guard的缩写。它是一种基于密钥的加密方式，使用了一对密钥对消息进行加密和解密，来保证消息的安全传输。一开始，用户从数字证书认证机构获取一对公钥和私钥。任何其他想给该用户发送加密消息的用户，需要先从证书机构的公共目录获取接收者的公钥，然后用公钥加密信息，再发送给接收者。当接收者收到加密消息后，他可以用自己的私钥来解密，而私钥是不应该被其他人拿到的。 +GPG是GNU Privacy Guard的缩写。它是一种基于密钥的加密方式，使用了一对密钥对消息进行加密和解密，来保证消息的安全传输。一开始，用户通过数字证书认证软件生成一对公钥和私钥。任何其他想给该用户发送加密消息的用户，需要先从证书机构的公共目录获取接收者的公钥，然后用公钥加密信息，再发送给接收者。当接收者收到加密消息后，他可以用自己的私钥来解密，而私钥是不应该被其他人拿到的。 -### GPG gives you the public key and the private key. ### +### GPG 使用公钥和私钥 ### -公钥是你共享出来的一个公开密钥，它可以被发给任何你希望收到加密信息的人，他们可以使用你的公钥来加密信息。公钥本身不能用来解密自己加密过的信息，只有你自己，那个拥有对应私钥的人，能够解密。私钥是你自己的私人密码，可以用来解密用你的公钥加密过的信息。如果你把私钥泄漏给别人，那么他将可以解密并查看那些使用你的公钥加密过的信息。 +公钥是你共享出来的一个公开密钥，它可以被发给任何你希望收到加密信息的人，他们可以使用你的公钥来加密信息。公钥本身不能用来解密自己加密过的信息，只有你自己——那个拥有对应私钥的人——能够解密。私钥是你自己的私人密码，可以用来解密用你的公钥加密过的信息。如果你把私钥泄漏给别人，那么他将可以解密并查看那些使用你的公钥加密过的信息。 ### 在终端里使用GPG ### @@ -50,13 +50,13 @@ GPG是GNU Privacy Guard的缩写。它是一种基于密钥的加密方式，使 ### 密钥服务器 ### -密钥服务器是用来发布你的公钥，并分发到其他密钥服务器，这样其他用户可以轻松的根据你数据库中的名字（或者e-mail地址）来获取你的公钥，并给你发送加密信息。这样可以避免把公钥直接拷贝给你的朋友的方式，而让其他人直接通过在线数据库来找到你。 +密钥服务器是用来发布你的公钥，并将其分发到其他人的服务器，这样其他用户可以轻松的根据你数据库中的名字（或者e-mail地址）来获取你的公钥，并给你发送加密信息。这样可以避免把公钥直接拷贝给你的朋友的方式，而让其他人直接通过在线数据库来找到你。 上传你的公钥到密钥服务器： $ gpg --send-keys --keyserver [keyservers.address.com] [yourpublicid] -你需要把keyservers.address.com替换成你选择的服务器（或者用mit.edu，它会跟其他服务器做同步），还需要把命令行中的yourpublicid替换成你的。最终执行的命令看上去会大概是下面这样子： +你需要把keyservers.address.com替换成你选择的服务器（或者用mit.edu，它会跟其他服务器做同步），还需要把命令行中的*yourpublicid*替换成你的。最终执行的命令看上去会大概是下面这样子： $ gpg --send-keys --keyserver hkp://pgp.mit.edu 083C39A4 @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ GPG是GNU Privacy Guard的缩写。它是一种基于密钥的加密方式，使 $ gpg --list-keys -之后应该会列出来用你e-mail注册的密钥列表（因为只会有一个密钥，所以只会列出你的密钥）然后，你可以看到自己的KEY-ID，就可以通过上文介绍的命令提交给密钥服务器。 +之后应该会列出来用你e-mail注册的密钥列表（因为这里只有一个密钥，它只列出了你自己的密钥），然后，你可以看到自己的KEY-ID，就可以通过上文介绍的命令提交给密钥服务器。 显示你的密钥链中的私钥和公钥。 @@ -136,13 +136,13 @@ GPG是GNU Privacy Guard的缩写。它是一种基于密钥的加密方式，使 \* * * * * ### 关于Richard White ### -Richard是一位技术爱好者，在不止一个场合他还被称为极客。他还是三本书的作者，最近的一本《数字时代的隐私》即将在2014年5月份出版精装本。他还是数字时代网站的主编和驱动者，数字时代的目的是提供资源和工具来实现和维护匿名，安全和隐私。Ricard经常写一些和隐私相关的文章，最近忙着写《CLI艺术》，收集开源的命令行软件。关于GNU Privacy Guard的[更多信息][1]以及如何使用GPG软件的图形界面工具，你可以访问White的数字时代网站。 +Richard是一位技术爱好者，在不止一个场合他被称为极客。他还是三本书的作者，最近的一本《数字时代的隐私》即将在2014年5月份出版精装本。他还是数字时代网站的主编和驱动者，数字时代的目的是提供资源和工具来实现和维护匿名，安全和隐私。Ricard经常写一些和隐私相关的文章，最近忙着写《CLI艺术》，收集开源的命令行软件。关于GNU Privacy Guard的[更多信息][1]以及如何使用GPG软件的图形界面工具，你可以访问White的数字时代网站。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20140407 -译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 56802b8cdfe5b532afd688b51bfd7b827a2bf137 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Mon, 12 May 2014 10:22:23 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 061/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AUbuntu=2014.?= =?UTF-8?q?10=20to=20Be=20Called=20Utopic=20Unicorn?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...buntu 14.10 to Be Called Utopic Unicorn.md | 20 +++++++------------ 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-) rename {translated/news => published}/Ubuntu 14.10 to Be Called Utopic Unicorn.md (61%) diff --git a/translated/news/Ubuntu 14.10 to Be Called Utopic Unicorn.md b/published/Ubuntu 14.10 to Be Called Utopic Unicorn.md similarity index 61% rename from translated/news/Ubuntu 14.10 to Be Called Utopic Unicorn.md rename to published/Ubuntu 14.10 to Be Called Utopic Unicorn.md index 6750dc5c92..894c210a5d 100644 --- a/translated/news/Ubuntu 14.10 to Be Called Utopic Unicorn.md +++ b/published/Ubuntu 14.10 to Be Called Utopic Unicorn.md @@ -5,27 +5,21 @@ Ubuntu 14.10 —— 来自乌托邦的独角兽 **Mark Shuttleworth，Canonical 的创始人，已经为 Ubuntu 的下一个版本 (14.10) 起好了名字，新版本的名字将是乌托邦的独角兽。** Ubuntu 的开发者们并不经常在两个开发周期之间停顿太久，也就是说 Ubuntu 14.10 的工作将可能在最近的某一天开始，并经过六个月的时间，在 2014 年十月份放出一个新的版本。 -当然，她不会是一个 LTS 版本，但是 Mark Shuttleworth 希望其开发团队尽可能的试水可能的改进以为将来的迈进做准备。 +当然，她不会是一个 LTS 版本，但是 Mark Shuttleworth 希望其开发团队尽可能的试水新的尝试，以为将来的迈进做准备。 -“拿出你的最佳表现给大家，展现给论坛，展现给邮件列表，我们要做些出色的事情。一些和谐而大气的事情，一些我们可以一直引以为傲的事情。 -由于我们正处于两年一次的崭新开始，可以不受拘束的展望下未来的情景，我们同样可以给她一个梦幻的名字。 -让我们骑上来自乌托邦的独角兽。刺向未来，” Mark Shuttleworth 在他的例行[发布会][1]上说道。 +“拿出你的最佳表现给大家，展现给论坛，展现给邮件列表，我们要做些出色的事情。一些和谐而大气的事情，一些我们可以一直引以为傲的事情。由于我们正处于两年一次的崭新开始，可以不受拘束的展望下未来的情景，我们同样可以给她一个梦幻的名字。让我们骑上来自乌托邦的独角兽。刺向未来，” Mark Shuttleworth 在他的例行[发布会][1]上说道。 -乌托邦的独角兽这个名字的确有些出人意料。先前的名字从来没带有如此的神秘色彩，也就造就了 Ubuntu 14.10 这一独特的版本。 -或许他本人没法找到一个有趣而有真正存在的动物来命名，或者他仅仅是无法抗拒独角兽的魅力。 +乌托邦的独角兽这个名字的确有些出人意料。先前的名字从来没带有如此的神秘色彩，也就造就了 Ubuntu 14.10 这一独特的版本。或许他本人没法找到一个有趣而有真正存在的动物来命名，或者他仅仅是无法抗拒独角兽的魅力。 -Canonical 并没有像 Fedora 那样将命名权交给社区。 -如此一来也就有可能会产生这样奇怪的名字，或许有天 Ubuntu 将会得到些没人喜欢的奇怪开发代号。 +Canonical 并没有像 Fedora 那样将命名权交给社区。如此一来也就有可能会产生这样奇怪的名字，或许有天 Ubuntu 将会得到些没人喜欢的奇怪开发代号（译注：Fedora的开发代号好像更奇怪，那个xx家的猫，居然还用个四字节的unicode字符，译者从来没有见到过的，有木有）。 从 Mark Shuttleworth 的帖子中所描述的来看，就像是给开发者做出的变动打了张空头支票。 这并不代表下一代 Ubuntu 将会截然不同，但单单从系统将被支持九个月时间上来看，他们或许会很了劲儿的折腾一票。 -“LTS 版本将会约束我们的创造力 —— 我们的用户虽然更乐意于巩固性能、稳定和可维护性，但我们更倾向于技术累赘的清扫。 -这个清扫的目的是为新的创意与设计腾出空间，并为下个版本添砖加瓦。 -这将是个多么壮观释放创造力的时刻啊，” Mark Shuttleworth 也这么提到。 +“LTS 版本将会约束我们的创造力 —— 我们的用户虽然更乐意于巩固性能、稳定和可维护性，但我们更倾向于技术累赘的清扫。这个清扫的目的是为新的创意与设计腾出空间，并为下个版本添砖加瓦。这将是个多么壮观释放创造力的时刻啊，” Mark Shuttleworth 也这么提到。 同时 Ubuntu 的开发者们也十分可能会尝试向多平台整合的目标靠拢直至所有平台使用同一代码库。 -这虽然不会在这个开发周期准备就需，但我们很肯能能看到一些主要的改进。 +这虽然不会在这个开发周期准备就需，但我们很可能能看到一些主要的改进。 乌托邦独角兽万岁！ @@ -35,7 +29,7 @@ Canonical 并没有像 Fedora 那样将命名权交给社区。 via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-14-10-to-Be-Called-Utopic-Unicorn-439028.shtml -译者：[VizV](https://github.com/VizV) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[VizV](https://github.com/VizV) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From fdf06f44dd99ee091aed34eecb3e5b785b9d83b4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: tinyeyeser Date: Mon, 12 May 2014 10:32:36 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 062/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9=E4=B8=AD=20by?= =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E7=9C=BC=E5=84=BF?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- translated/talk/Improving The Linux Desktop.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/translated/talk/Improving The Linux Desktop.md b/translated/talk/Improving The Linux Desktop.md index 84abcd1785..978f1ecc8f 100644 --- a/translated/talk/Improving The Linux Desktop.md +++ b/translated/talk/Improving The Linux Desktop.md @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Linux 桌面是建立在成千上万的软件基础之上的，每个软件由 via: http://ostatic.com/blog/improving-the-linux-desktop -译者：[bazz2](https://github.com/bazz2) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[bazz2](https://github.com/bazz2) 校对：[Mr小眼儿](http://blog.csdn.net/tinyeyeser) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From e1009594800d2e18fd627b94941bba7654f2c852 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: tinyeyeser Date: Mon, 12 May 2014 11:05:22 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 063/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B7=B2=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9=20by?= =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E7=9C=BC=E5=84=BF?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 这篇难度比较高！拔丝翻译的超赞！！！校对的过程也是我的学习过程～ --- translated/talk/Improving The Linux Desktop.md | 11 ++++++----- 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/talk/Improving The Linux Desktop.md b/translated/talk/Improving The Linux Desktop.md index 978f1ecc8f..e2003a82fb 100644 --- a/translated/talk/Improving The Linux Desktop.md +++ b/translated/talk/Improving The Linux Desktop.md @@ -1,18 +1,18 @@ Linux 桌面的发展之路 ================================================================================ -Ken Starks 在 fossforce.com 网站上问 [你们是如何优化 Linux 的？][1]，我很高兴他问了这个问题，因为我有话要说！对我来说，Linux 桌面就是一连串的承诺，并且这些承诺总是无法兑现。它在每个版本发布后都会说“下个版本会非常牛X”，=.=凸。它会一次性定下50个目标，然后又完成不了几个。至于 Linux 桌面，我想我需要好好聊聊这玩意儿了。 +Ken Starks 在 fossforce.com 网站上问 [你们是如何优化 Linux 的？][1]，我很高兴他问了这个问题，因为我有话要说！对我来说，Linux 桌面就是一连串的承诺，但是这些承诺却总是无法兑现。它在每个版本发布后都会说“下个版本会非常牛X”，=.=凸。它会一次性定下50个目标，然后又完成不了几个。至于 Linux 桌面，我想我们是时候好好聊聊这玩意儿了。 -计算机有着无穷的魅力，在计算机的世界里我们几乎能做所有事情。我们容易迷失在这个世界，认为我们所深深着迷的事情对其他人也有着相同的吸引力。我们沉迷于钻研细节，争论 GPL 和 LGPL 的区别，讨论为什么我们称“Linux”为“GNU/Linux”而不是简单的“Linux”，诸如此类，说服别人用你喜欢的 Linux 桌面风格。我们总是说“这关乎自由，瞧瞧苹果是怎么限制你的选择的！”却从来没意识到那些选择了不同计算机系统的用户仅仅是把计算机当作工作所需的工具而已。对于我们来说，计算机有点儿像变戏法，当我们第一次动手改变计算机工作方式时，我们会非常激动，非常有成就感。在开源界，你是这个世界的主宰，你沉迷于控制一切。然而，对于那些没有准备好掌握这种控制一切的力量的人来说，开源社区并不是他们的菜。 +计算机有着无穷的魅力，在计算机的世界里我们几乎能做所有事情。在这个容易迷失的世界里，我们深信自己所着迷的事情对其他人也有着相同的吸引力。我们沉迷于钻研细节，争论 GPL 和 LGPL 的区别，讨论为什么我们称“Linux”为“GNU/Linux”而不是简单的“Linux”，诸如此类，我们总想说服别人，推销自己喜欢的 Linux 桌面风格。我们总是说“这关乎自由，瞧瞧苹果是怎么限制你的选择的！”却从来没意识到那些选择了不同计算机系统的用户仅仅是把计算机当作工作所需的工具而已。对于我们来说，计算机有点儿像变戏法，当第一次动手修改一些重要配置，改变计算机的工作方式时，我们会非常激动，非常有成就感。在开源界，你是这个世界的主宰，你沉迷于控制一切。然而，对于那些没有准备好掌握这种控制一切的力量的人来说，开源社区并不是他们的菜。 -大多数工程师并不是设计师，但开源社区能让这些开发者成为一些图形交互界面的设计者。于是，我们的 Unity 不再显示主菜单，我们的 Gnome 3 里面的窗口可以満屏幕乱飞，而 KDE 桌面，我一直觉得它无法理解，所以我已经好几年没关注它了（在这里向 KDE 开发团队和其支持者表示道歉，我无法理解 KDE 是好几年前的事了，我相信现在的 KDE 肯定能用 awesome 来形容）。前面提到的在 fossforce.com 网站上的那篇文章提了一个很好的问题：为什么 Linux 桌面总是不能像人们所希望那样普及出来。而文章下面的评论则是一堆社区人员的抱怨和建议，比如：让窗口更好地整合在一起；让添加磁盘变得更简单些。很多建议都挺好的，但他们大多数都忽略了一个核心事实：是什么让 Linux 成为一个既精彩又前途暗淡的、只属于狂热爱好者的系统？Linux 发行版是由非常多的软件包组成的，每个软件包都有不同的维护者，不同的价值和不同的开发过程。当每个开发团队将他们的产品通过开源社区贡献出来时，每个开发团队会变得只有一点点不一样，而仅仅是这一点点的不一样，让我们对细枝末节的探索有了发挥的余地。有些人不喜欢 Ubuntu 桌面，于是他们克隆 Ubuntu，在上面作一些细微的改变，然后重新发布一个衍生版。这种方式挺不错的，因为它能带来新点子，向人们展示了一个事物能够变成什么样子 —— 即使是很小的改变。但是每当新产生一个衍生版，就会将开源社区变得更碎片化了一点。好事还是坏事？看你是站在什么角度来看的了。 +大多数工程师并不是设计师，但开源社区能让这些开发者成为一些图形交互界面的设计者。于是，我们的 Unity 不再显示主菜单，我们的 Gnome 3 窗口可以満屏幕乱飞，而 KDE 桌面，我一直觉得它完全无法理解，所以我已经好多年没关注它了（在这里向 KDE 开发团队和其支持者表示道歉，我无法理解 KDE 是好几年前的事了，我相信现在的 KDE 肯定能用 awesome 来形容）。前面提到的在 fossforce.com 网站上的那篇文章提了一个很好的问题：为什么 Linux 桌面总是不能像人们所希望的那样普及出来。而文章下面的评论则是一堆社区成员的抱怨和建议，比如：让窗口更好地整合在一起；让添加磁盘变得更简单些。很多评论都是很好的、可行的建议，但他们大多数都忽略了一个核心事实：是什么让 Linux 成为一个既精彩但又前途暗淡的、只属于狂热爱好者的系统？Linux 发行版是由非常多的软件包组成的，每个软件包都有不同的维护者，不同的价值和不同的开发过程。当每个开发团队将他们的产品通过开源社区贡献出来时，每个开发团队会变得只有一点点不一样，而仅仅是这一点点的不一样，让我们对细枝末节的探索有了发挥的余地。有些人不喜欢 Ubuntu 桌面，于是他们克隆 Ubuntu，在上面作一些细微的改变，然后重新发布一个衍生版。这种方式挺不错的，因为它能带来新点子，向人们展示一个事物能够变成什么样子 —— 即使是很小的改变。但是每当新产生一个衍生版，就会将开源社区变得更碎片化一些。这到底是好事还是坏事？看你是站在什么角度来看。 Linux 桌面是建立在成千上万的软件基础之上的，每个软件由不同团队维护。有时候我们会想这样的东西究竟能不能工作？！事实是，它能，并且工作得非常好，这真是一个奇迹。然而有时候它又不工作了，它会崩溃，在这种时候我们就会列出一连串的计划来改进 Linux，并将我们最不能忍受的缺陷放在计划的最前面。 经过上面的讨论，我的建议出来了。第一点：继续做你正在做的事。技术总是能反映创造者的价值，而 Linux 桌面更是一个多国家多文化集合的体现。Linux 充满缺陷，充满伤痕，但也是因为这些，令它变得美好。世界需要现在的 Linux 桌面，同时世界需要更好的 Linux 桌面。 -第二点：选一个发行版，比如 Ubuntu，弄烂它。然后，拾起一些碎片，在这些碎片上创造一些新东西。不要从社区获取软件或者产品，只要获取想法。从内核开始，一个团队，一个房间，一种设计理念和设计哲学，创建一整个操作系统。将注意力集中在那些最好的已经实现的想法上，以及那些最新的还没实现的想法上。丢掉所有糟糕的东西，创造全新的东西。 +第二点：选一个发行版，比如 Ubuntu，弄烂它。然后，拾起一些碎片，在这些碎片上创造一些全新的东西。不要从社区获取软件或者产品，只需要获取想法。从内核开始，一个团队，一个房间，一种设计理念和设计哲学，从头创建一整个操作系统。将注意力集中在那些最好的已经实现的想法上，以及那些最新的还没实现的想法上。丢掉所有糟糕的东西，创造全新的东西。 -到目前为止，我见过的最接近这种观念的是 Aral Balkan 开发的 Indie 项目，但他最近貌似专注于移动市场。我希望 Linux 桌面朝着这种观念靠近。这有可能么？当然，一切皆有可能。但确定会发生么？谁知道呢？整个 Linux 生态系统都充满不确定性。唯一确定的是，我们的创造性是无限的。 +到目前为止，我见过的最接近这种观念的是 Aral Balkan 开发的 [Indie][2] 项目，但他最近貌似专注于移动市场。我希望 Linux 桌面朝着这种观念靠近。这有可能么？当然，一切皆有可能。但确定会发生么？谁知道呢？整个 Linux 生态系统都充满不确定性。唯一确定的是，我们的创造性是无限的。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -23,3 +23,4 @@ via: http://ostatic.com/blog/improving-the-linux-desktop 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [1]:http://fossforce.com/2014/04/what-would-you-do-to-improve-linux/ +[2]:http://indiephone.eu/ From def1fdd9af50cee1007266710c15444b996ed46b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Mon, 12 May 2014 11:45:07 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 064/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AImproving=20?= =?UTF-8?q?The=20Linux=20Desktop?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- {translated/talk => published}/Improving The Linux Desktop.md | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename {translated/talk => published}/Improving The Linux Desktop.md (100%) diff --git a/translated/talk/Improving The Linux Desktop.md b/published/Improving The Linux Desktop.md similarity index 100% rename from translated/talk/Improving The Linux Desktop.md rename to published/Improving The Linux Desktop.md From 041b139a19b3d2f71488994cc0d991bbba751eeb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: linuhap Date: Mon, 12 May 2014 16:25:35 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 065/601] translating --- ...oftware quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md b/sources/talk/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md index 483cdd034d..ec0bf7ce08 100644 --- a/sources/talk/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md +++ b/sources/talk/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +linuhap翻译中 Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time ================================================================================ ![](http://www.ciol.com/IMG/550/80550/synopsys-logo-370x264.jpg) @@ -44,4 +45,4 @@ via: http://www.ciol.com/ciol/features/213112/coverity-scan-report-source-softwa 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 81b775b5bfdda7ce5fa206417f898e9d6a19b285 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Mon, 12 May 2014 16:59:18 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 066/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140512-1=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...sion Control System Officially Released.md | 32 ++++++++++++++++++ ...es to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md | 33 +++++++++++++++++++ ...enVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md | 27 +++++++++++++++ 3 files changed, 92 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released.md create mode 100644 sources/news/Limit Theory Developer Switches to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md create mode 100644 sources/news/OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md diff --git a/sources/news/Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released.md b/sources/news/Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..85d8519733 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Git-1-9-3-Version-Control-System-Officially-Released-441600-2.jpg) + +**Git 1.9.3, a free and open source distributed version control system designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with speed and efficiency, is now available for download.** + +The new Git 1.9.x branch continues the trend of large releases, integrating a big number of changes and fixes. This latest build in the branch is a little bit smaller than what we were expecting, but it does feature some interesting changes. If you are using Git, you might consider to update to the new version. + +According to the developers, "git p4" dealing with changes in binary files was broken by a change in 1.9 release, but it has been fixed. The shell prompt script (in contrib/), when using the PROMPT_COMMAND interface, no longer uses an unsafe construct when showing the branch name in $PS, and "git rebase" no longer uses a POSIX shell construct. + +Also, some more Unicode codepoints defined in Unicode 6.3 as having zero width have been fixed, and some tests used shell constructs that did not work well on FreeBSD, but they have been fixed. + +For a complete list of changes, check out the [changelog][1]. + +### download Git 1.9.3 ### + +- [tar.gz][2][sources] [4.60 MB] +- [Debian/Ubuntu DEB ALL][3][ubuntu_deb] [0 KB] +- [Red Hat/Fedora/Mandriva/openSUSE RPM noarch][4][rh_rpm] [0 KB] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Git-1-9-3-Version-Control-System-Officially-Released-441600.shtml + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://github.com/git/git/blob/master/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.3.txt +[2]:https://github.com/git/git/archive/v1.9.3.tar.gz +[3]:http://git-scm.com/download/linux +[4]:http://git-scm.com/download/linux \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/news/Limit Theory Developer Switches to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md b/sources/news/Limit Theory Developer Switches to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f99b9d6de2 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/Limit Theory Developer Switches to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +Limit Theory Developer Switches to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Limit-Theory-Developer-Switches-to-Linux-Because-Windows-is-Annoying-441642-3.jpg) + +Limit Theory, an infinite, procedural space sim developed by only one man, will launch on Linux, Windows, and Mac OS X. The developer announced that he switched from the Windows platform to Linux mostly because he was annoyed. + +Limit Theory sounds like an impossible project, especially for one man. The developer of the game, Josh Parnell, has managed to build a beautiful universe by himself and to provide support for three different platforms. + +He was able to do that because the game is written in C++ and OpenGL, which makes it quite easy to port the work on any platform. In one of his latest updates about Limit Theory, he explained that he was no longer using the Windows platform because it was "annoying," without going into any specific details. + +Even The Linux Foundation has taken notice of him and decided to promote the work that he's been doing, especially because he is a one-man show that does everything from core programming to the ambient music. + +"Game developer Josh Parnell has released the latest development update on his open-world space simulation and strategy game, Limit Theory. While the graphics are beautiful, this release is particularly notable because Parnell has switched to developing on the native Linux client version from Windows (which he called 'just annoying')" + +"Limit Theory is Kickstarter-funded as of December 2012 and has a planned release date for early 2014. When it's finished, players will be able to explore space, prospect for and mine asteroids, command a fleet of star ships, and more," notes The Linux Foundation on its [website][1]. + +The most interesting aspect of Limit Theory is the infinite universe, which might sound strange at first or like just another marketing ploy. In fact, Josh Parnell made a very smart engine that generates systems, planets, NPCs, and almost anything else as the player progresses through the universe. + +None of these elements is present when the game starts and they are produced at the player moves. This also means that no two playthroughs will be the same. + +Limit Theory managed to get all the funding it needs on Kickstarter and the developer is working full steam on it, but this is a huge undertaking and it will take some time to finish. Even if the proposed launch of January 2014 has come and gone, the fans are willing to wait, especially after seeing what the game will be capable of doing. + +Enjoy! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Limit-Theory-Developer-Switches-to-Linux-Because-Windows-is-Annoying-441642.shtml + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/blogs/browse/2014/05/linux-video-week-limit-theory-game-developer-switches-linux \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/news/OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md b/sources/news/OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0e67e9da14 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/OpenVPN-Import-Broken-in-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-441601-2.jpg) + +**Ubuntu 14.04 LTS was released a few weeks ago and the reception for the new operating system from Canonical has been great, but there are still some problems that need to be solved, like an issue with the OpenVPN import feature.** + +If you ever used a VPN connection in Ubuntu, you know that you need to download a package from the official repository called network-manager-openvpn that allows users to import an openVPN file with all the setting and certificates in place. + +This particular feature used to work in the early versions of Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, but right before the launch something broke in the network-manager-openvpn packages, which crashes the entire network manager during the import. + +The problem has been reported on [Launchpad][1] by numerous users, but so far it hasn't been fixed. The first bug report was submitted back in March, which means that the distribution shipped with the problem in place. + +With the exception of the fact that the problem has been confirmed, it seems that no one is working on it, or at least it’s not yet listed on Launchpad. + +As it turns out, if we judge by the sheer number of the people that left comments on that first bug report, this is something used extensively and it’s annoying that a fix hasn't been released yet. + +We’ll keep you apprised if something changes and the bug gets fixed. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/OpenVPN-Import-Broken-in-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-441601.shtml + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/network-manager-openvpn/+bug/1294899 \ No newline at end of file From 0cfc14e9a52f9b86fb94b2e3a78f9dad907eb599 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Mon, 12 May 2014 17:16:45 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 067/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140512-2=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- sources/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md | 142 ++++++++++++++++++ ...al Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md | 99 ++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 241 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md diff --git a/sources/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md b/sources/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c9163fa0ac --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md @@ -0,0 +1,142 @@ +Encrypting Your Cat Photos +================================================================================ +The truth is, I really don't have anything on my hard drive that I would be upset over someone seeing. I have some cat photos. I have a few text files with ideas for future books and/or short stories, and a couple half-written starts to NaNoWriMo novels. It would be easy to say that there's no point encrypting my hard drive, because I have nothing to hide. The problem is, we wrongly correlate a "desire for privacy" with "having something to hide". I think where I live, in America, we've taken our rights to privacy for granted. Rather than the traditional "he must be hiding porn or bombs", think about something a little more mundane. + +I live in Michigan. It's cold here in the winter, and I tend to keep my thermostat set around 75 degrees. That might seem high to you, but for my family, it's just right. Thanks to the privacy of my own home, my neighbors don't know how toasty warm we keep it. Some of those neighbors would be very upset to see how "wasteful" the Powers family is in the winter. In fact, there's one local man who makes it a point to let everyone know that anything over 60 degrees is ecologically wasteful. I don't want to get into a fight with Old Man Icebritches, so we just keep our comfortable house a secret. We don't have anything to hide, but it's not something everyone needs to know about. + +Obviously my example is silly, but hopefully it makes you think. Modern Linux allows us to encrypt our data easily and reliably, so why not take advantage of it? + +### How Does It Work? ### + +I won't go into too much detail about how encryption works, but a basic understanding is necessary for even the simplest implementation. To encrypt and decrypt a file, two "keys" are required. One is the private key, which is just that, private. I like to think of the private key as an actual key—you can make copies if you want, but it's not wise to do so. The more copies of your private keys you make, the more likely someone nefarious will get one and break into your apartment—er, I mean files. + +The public key is more like a schematic for a lock that only you can open (with your private key). You make this key available for anyone. You can post it on a Web site, put it in your e-mail, tattoo it on your back, whatever. When others want to create a file that only you can see, they encrypt it using your public key. + +This one-to-many scenario also has a cool side effect. If you encrypt something using your private key, anyone can decrypt it using your public key. This may sound silly, but what makes such a scenario useful is that although the encrypted file isn't protected from prying eyes, it is guaranteed to be from you. Only a file encrypted with your private key can be decrypted with your public key. In this way, encrypting something with your private key digitally "signs" the file. + +#### Usually it works like this: #### + +1. You have a file you want to send to Suzy, so you encrypt it with Suzy's public key. Only Suzy can open it, but there's no way for Suzy to know that you are the one who sent it, since anyone could encrypt a file with her public key. +1. Therefore, you take the file you encrypted with Suzy's public key and encrypt that file with your private key. Suzy will have to decrypt the file twice, but she'll know it came from you. +1. Suzy receives the file and decrypts the first layer with your public key, proving it came from you. +1. Suzy then decrypts the second layer of encryption with her private key, as that's the only key able to decrypt the original file. (Because you originally encrypted it with her public key.) + +That scenario is when encryption is used for safely transferring files, of course. It's also quite common simply to encrypt your files (or partitions) so that no one can see them unless you decrypt them first. Let's start with file encryption, because that's what most people will want to do on their systems. + +### Starting Simple ### + +Before I go into more complex type setting, let's discuss simply encrypting a file. There are various programs to handle encryption. In fact, it's easy to get overwhelmed with the available options for file and system encryption. Today, let's use a basic (but very powerful) command-line tool for encrypting a file. GPG (Gnu Privacy Guard) is an open-source implementation of PGP (Pretty Good Protection). It allows encryption and signing, and manages multiple keys and so on. For this example, let's simply encrypt a file. + +Let's say you have a file called secret_manifesto.txt, which contains the secrets to life, the universe and everything. Using GPG, you can encrypt the file with a passphrase. Using a passphrase is far simpler than using a public and private key pair, because it's simply encrypted using your passphrase. This does make your file more susceptible to cracking (using rainbow tables or other hacking tools), but like the label on the tin says, it's Pretty Good Protection. To encrypt your file, you can do this: + + # gpg -c secret_manifesto.txt + # Enter passphrase: + # Repeat passphrase: + +Once complete, you'll have a new file in the same directory. It will be named secret_manifesto.txt.gpg by default. This is a binary file, which means it's fairly small, but it can't be copy/pasted into an e-mail or IM. For portability, you can add the -a flag, which will create an encrypted file that contains only ASCII text: + + # gpg -a -c secret_manifesto.txt + # Enter passphrase: + # Repeat passphrase: + # ls -l + -rw-rw-r-- 1 spowers spowers 6 Nov 23 1:26 secret_manifesto.txt + -rw-rw-r-- 1 spowers spowers 174 Nov 23 1:27 secret_manifesto.txt.asc + -rw-rw-r-- 1 spowers spowers 55 Nov 23 1:26 secret_manifesto.txt.gpg + + Notice there is now a file with .asc as the extension. This is text-only, but you can see in the code snippet that it's also much larger than the binary encrypted file, and much much larger than the original text file. Once you've encrypted your file, if you truly want to keep your information secret, it would be wise to delete the original text file. + +To decrypt the file, you'll again use the gpg program. The same command will decrypt either file, whether it's binary or ASCII: + + # gpg secret_manifesto.txt.asc + # gpg: CAST5 encrypted data + # Enter passphrase: + # gpg: encrypted with 1 passphrase + # File `secret_manifesto.txt' exists. Overwrite? (y/N) + +Notice in the example above, I hadn't deleted the original text file, so gpg gave me the option of overwriting. Once complete, I have my original file back, unencrypted. If you just have a file or two you want to protect, the command-line gpg program might be all you need. If you'd rather have an area on your system that automatically encrypts everything you save, it's a little more complicated. It's still not terribly difficult, but let's start with a fairly simplistic model. + +### Encrypting a USB Drive ### + +Like I mentioned earlier, there are many options when it comes to encryption. One of the more popular methods of encrypting partitions is the LUKS (Linux Unified Key Setup) system. A USB drive with a LUKS-formatted partition should be detected automatically by most systems. In fact, if you're using a desktop environment like Ubuntu Desktop, encrypting a USB drive is a simple check box during the formatting process. Although that's a perfectly acceptable way to encrypt your USB drive, I'm going to demonstrate how to do it on the command line, so you understand what's actually happening behind the scenes. + +#### Step 1: identify your USB drive. #### + +If you type `dmesg` after plugging in your USB drive, you should get all sorts of system information, including the device name of your freshly plugged-in USB device. Make sure you have the correct device identified, because what you're doing will destroy any data on the drive. You wouldn't want to format the wrong disk accidentally. (It should go without saying, but I'll say it anyway, make sure there's nothing on your USB drive that you want to save—this is a destructive process.) + +#### Step 2: partition the USB drive. #### + +Assuming that your USB drive is the /dev/sdb device on your system, you need to create a single partition on the drive. Let's use fdisk. Below is the interaction with fdisk required. Basically, you create a new empty partition with the o command, then write changes with w. Then, you'll restart fdisk and use the n command to create a new primary partition, using the defaults so that the entire drive is used: + + # sudo fdisk /dev/sdb + + Command (m for help): o + Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x1234567. + Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. + After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. + + Command (m for help): w + The partition table has been altered! + + # sudo fdisk /dev/sdb + Command (m for help): n + Command action + e extended + p primary partition (1-4) + p + Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 + Using default value 1 + First sector (2048-1016522, default 2048): + Using default value 2048 + Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-1016522, default 1016522): + Using default value 1016522 + + Command (m for help): w + The partition table has been altered! + +Now you have a USB drive with a single partition (/dev/sdb1), but there is no filesystem on it. That's exactly what you want, because the LUKS system creates an encryption layer on the partition before you put a filesystem on it. So before creating a filesystem, let's create the LUKS layer on the partition, using the cryptsetup program. If you don't have cryptsetup, search for it in your distribution's repository; it should be there. To create the LUKS encrypted partition layer: + + # cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/sdb1 + + WARNING! + ======== + This will overwrite data on /dev/sdb1 irrevocably. + + Are you sure? (Type uppercase yes): YES + Enter LUKS passphrase: + Verify passphrase: + +Follow the directions, and be sure to remember your passphrase! Note, that a "passphrase" is usually more than just a word. It's most often a phrase, thus the name. The longer the phrase, the tougher to crack. + +Once the process completes, you have an encrypted partition, but it's not mounted or formatted yet. The first step is to mount the partition, which again uses the cryptsetup utility: + + # cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sdb1 my_crypto_disk + Enter passphrase for /dev/sdb1: + +When you type in your passphrase, the device name you entered will be mounted like a virtual hard drive. Usually, it's mounted under /dev/mapper/devicename, so this example mounts a partition at /dev/mapper/my_crypto_disk. + +This device is now being accessed as an unencrypted volume. As long as it stays mounted, it will act like any other unencrypted volume. That means you need to write a filesystem to it if you want to use it: + + # mkfs.vfat /dev/mapper/my_crypto_disk -n my_crypto_disk + mkfs.vfat 3.0.9 (31 Jan 2010) + +Now the drive is fully functional and can be mounted like any other disk. In fact, when you put the USB drive into your computer, if you have a modern GUI desktop, it should prompt you for a password and mount it automatically. Then you can eject it like a normal disk, and it will be encrypted until you next enter your passphrase. It's simple to unmount and, therefore, re-encrypt the drive on the command line too, using cryptsetup: + + # cryptsetup luksClose my_crypto_disk + +That's Only the Tip of the Iceberg + +In this article, my hope is to peel back some of the mystery behind encryption. It's simple to encrypt and decrypt a file. It's not too much more difficult (especially if you use the GUI desktop tools) to encrypt an entire USB drive. With most distributions, it's possible to encrypt the entire home directory during the installation process! When encryption is set up on your entire home directory, however, there are some issues you need to address. For example, jobs that run while you're not logged in most likely will not have access to your home directory. If you have cron jobs that need access to your home directory, you should rewrite them to access data elsewhere on the system. I find a happy medium between security and convenience is to encrypt a USB drive and store my personal data on it. + +Once you get the encryption bug, I must warn you, you'll want to start encrypting everything. That's not a bad thing, but like the home directory scenario, you'll run into a few snags. Cross-platform accessibility is a big one if you go between systems. For situations like that, I highly recommend [TrueCrypt][1]. I've mentioned TrueCrypt in UpFront pieces before, but it's basically an open-source, cross-platform encryption system that allows you to encrypt files, folders, partitions and more while being able to access that data on any system. Windows, Mac and Linux clients are all available, and the community has great support. + +You don't have to have something to hide in order to desire encryption for your files. Just like it's wise to lock your house at night, even if you live in a good neighborhood, it's a smart move to encrypt your personal data. If you want to share your photos of Mr Whiskerton in his cute little beanie hat with everyone on the Internet, that's your right. But others don't need to see those things if they're being nosey and poking around your hard drive! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/encrypting-your-cat-photos + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.truecrypt.org/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md b/sources/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b0fbce80fb --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI +================================================================================ +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Dual_Boot_Windows8_Ubuntu_1404.jpeg) + +Previously I had written about [dual booting Ubuntu Linux with Windows 7][1] and 8 previously, But those tutorials did not cover systems that come with Windows 8 pre-installed. The newer systems that come with Windows 8 or Windows 8.1, have UEFI instead of BIOS. This makes thing a little different from the conventional way of dual booting. In this tutorial, we shall see **how to install Ubuntu Linux in dual boot mode with Windows 8 or Windows 8.1**. + +This tutorial is performed on a newly bought Dell Inspiron 7437 that has Core i7 fourth generation processor, 256 GB SSD, 8 GB RAM and built in 1 GB Intel graphics. I’ll cover all the steps you need to do in order to successfully dual boot Linux with Windows 8 UEFI. If you have already done some of these steps, just skip to the next one. If you have a fresh system, even better. + +The steps mentioned here are applicable to other Ubuntu based Linux distributions such as Linux Mint, Elementary OS etc. Cutting the chit-chat, let’s see how to dual boot Linux on a UEFI secure boot enabled Windows 8 system. + +### Dual boot Ubuntu 14.04 with Windows 8: ### + +There are various prerequisites to install Ubuntu on a UEFI system. Let’s see them one by one: + +#### Step 1: Make a backup [optional] #### + +It is always nice to make a back up, just in case if you mess up with the system. There are numerous articles on the web to show you how to backup your system. You can follow this tutorial [here][2]. + +#### Step 2: Create a live USB/disk of Ubuntu #### + +The next thing you need to do is to create a live USB or disk. I recommend [Universal USB Installer][3] to create a live USB of Linux OS in Windows. + +#### Step 3: Make a partition where Ubuntu will be installed #### + +Assuming tat you have a fresh system, the first thing we need to do is to make partition to install Linux. The 256 GB in my system was already had several partitions from manufacturer but mainly for backup and other purposes. Main partition was C drive, of around 220 GB, where Windows 8.1 was installed. + +If you have just one partition like this, you need to make some free space out of it for Linux. If you have several partitions of considerable size, use any of them except C drive because it may erase the data. + +To make a partition in Windows 8, go to Disk Management tool. You can find disk management tool by searching for ‘disk’ in Control Panel. + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/disk_partition.jpeg) + +In the Disk Management tool, right click on the drive which you want to partition and select shrink volume. In my case, I shrank the C drive to make some free space: + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/disk_partition_Windows8.jpeg) + +You can leave the free space as it is. We shall use it while installing Ubuntu. + +#### Step 4: Disable fast startup in Windows [optional] #### + +Windows 8 introduced a new feature called “fast startup” for quick boot. While it is not mandatory, it would be better to have it disabled. + +Go to **Control Panel > Hardware and Sound > Power Options > System Settings > Choose what the power buttons do** and uncheck the **Turn on fast startup box**. + +#### Step 5: Disable secureboot in Windows 8 and 8.1 #### + +This is the most important step. The new secure boot feature of Windows 8, originally intended for security feature for rootkit viruses, prevents dual booting of Windows with Linux. To dual boot Windows 8 with Linux, we must disable secure boot in UEFI. + +#### Step 6: Installing Ubuntu alongside Windows 8 #### + +Once you have disabled secure boot, it’s time to install Ubuntu. I hope you already created the live USB as mentioned in step 2. Plug in the USB and boot the system from it. + +To boot from USB, will have to choose boot from USB option from within Windows itself. Either with PC Setting (like for UEFI) or pressing shift key while clicking on Restart. + +Once you have booted in the live USB, you will be presented with option to try or install Ubuntu. Click on install. You will be presented with few screen options to choose the language. It will then do some checks on available space, power and internet connection etc. Just click on **Continue**. + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Installing_Windows8_Ubuntu.jpeg) + +The main screen which you should pay attention to is **Installation Type**. Choose **Something else** here: + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Installing_Windows8_Ubuntu_1.jpeg) + +Remember we had created some free space beforehand? We shall use the free space to create Root, Swap and Home. Select the free space and click on the + sign. + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Installing_Windows8_Ubuntu_2.jpeg) + +It will provide you with option to create Linux partition. We are creating the Root partition. Any thing between 10-20 GB is more than sufficient for it. Choose the size, select Ext 4 as file type and / (means root) as the mount point. + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Installing_Windows8_Ubuntu_3.png) + +Clicking on OK in previous step will bring you to the partition screen. Next we will create swap. Like previously, click on the + sign again. This time use the file type as Swap area. Suggestible swap size is double of RAM. + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Installing_Windows8_Ubuntu_4.png) + +In similar fashion, create a Home partition. Allocate it maximum space (in fact allocate it rest of the free space) because this is where you’ll save music, pictures and downloaded files. + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Installing_Windows8_Ubuntu_5.png) + +Once you are ready with Root, Swap and Home, click on **Install Now**: + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Installing_Windows8_Ubuntu_6.jpeg) + +Well, you have almost won the battle. You can smell victory now. Next you will be asked to set username password etc. Basically, you just need to click next now. + +Once the installation is completed, restart the computer, you should be welcomed by a purple grub screen. Enjoy Ubuntu along with Windows 8 in dual boot mode. + +I hope this guide helped you to dual boot Ubuntu with Windows 8 UEFI. Though this article is written for Ubuntu, it should be heloful for other Linux OS as well. Any questions or suggestions are always welcomed. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://itsfoss.com/install-ubuntu-1404-dual-boot-mode-windows-8-81-uefi/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://itsfoss.com/install-ubuntu-dual-boot-mode-windows/ +[2]:http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/6-safest-ways-to-backup-restore-your-files-in-windows-7-8/ +[3]:http://www.pendrivelinux.com/universal-usb-installer-easy-as-1-2-3/ \ No newline at end of file From 30a2f34021114ef960301bf9473ba2d5f8408552 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: icybreaker Date: Mon, 12 May 2014 18:04:39 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 068/601] translating by icybreaker --- sources/tech/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/tech/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md index 09fe872b69..7a73973c5e 100644 --- a/sources/tech/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ b/sources/tech/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +translating by icybreaker How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04 ================================================================================ ![You can upgrade to GNOME 3.12 – but it’s not advised](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Screen-Shot-2014-03-26-at-21.53.58-350x200.png) @@ -98,4 +99,4 @@ via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/upgrade-gnome-3-12-ubuntu-14-04 [1]:apt:gnome-shell [2]:https://launchpad.net/~gnome3-team/+archive/gnome3-staging?field.series_filter=trusty -[3]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/03/top-12-features-gnome-3-12 \ No newline at end of file +[3]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/03/top-12-features-gnome-3-12 From 29c3801cf63103e508d87b629010486282dcb8b5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Linchenguang <1573453077@qq.com> Date: Mon, 12 May 2014 20:53:23 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 069/601] =?UTF-8?q?[finished]Daily=20Ubuntu=20Tips=20?= =?UTF-8?q?=E2=80=93=20Identify=20Folders=20By=20Colors=20In=20Ubuntu?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md | 64 ------------------ ... – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md | 67 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 67 insertions(+), 64 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md create mode 100644 transalted/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md diff --git a/sources/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md b/sources/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md deleted file mode 100644 index ffabd2c7fc..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,64 +0,0 @@ -{Translating}Linchenguang -======================================================= -Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu -================================================================================ -Here’s a brief tip that will show you how to identify folders by colors in Ubuntu 14.04 or previous with this nifty tool. This tool which is called **Folder Color**, allows users to change the color of folders in Nautilus so they could easily indentify and distinguish them from others. - -It is designed to work with Nautilus can be used with other Icon themes in Ubuntu. It’s nice tool to install. It’s light weight and doesn’t interface with your system’s performance. - -Installing it is easy and this brief tutorial is going to show you how. - -For example, if you want to color important files folder red, or travel documents yellow, you can change them easily with Folder Color. - -Here’s how to install this tool. - -In Ubuntu, press **Ctrl – Alt – T** on your keyboard to open the terminal console. When it opens, run the commands below to add the below PPA archive. - - sudo add-apt-repository ppa:costales/folder-color - -Next, run the commands below to update your system and install Folder Color. - - sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install folder-color - -That’s it. Now all you have to do is log out and log back in or restart Nautilus. Then go to Nautilus, right-click on the folder you wish to change and select the color. There are pre-defined colors to choose from which isn’t as many as you may want, but enough for the average users. - -If you wish to uninstall it, run the commands below to remove the PPA archive. - - sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:costales/folder-color - -Finally, run the commands below to remove Folder Color - - sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get remove folder-color - -Enjoy! - -![](http://www.liberiangeek.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/foldercolorubuntu.png) - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2014/04/daily-ubuntu-tips-identify-folders-by-colors-in-ubuntu/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]: -[2]: -[3]: -[4]: -[5]: -[6]: -[7]: -[8]: -[9]: -[10]: -[11]: -[12]: -[13]: -[14]: -[15]: -[16]: -[17]: -[18]: -[19]: -[20]: diff --git a/transalted/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md b/transalted/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..58dd30dbb6 --- /dev/null +++ b/transalted/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +每日Ubuntu 小技巧 － 以色辨夹 +================================================================================ + +这篇简短的文章将教会你如何在Ubuntu 14.04或者其先前版本中通过使用美化工具实现以颜色来分辨文件夹。这个工具就是**Folder Color**,它允许用户改变文件浏览器中的文件夹的颜色，这样就可以让用户很容易地识别并区分出它们来。 + + +这个工具的开发者设计的初衷是与Nautilus配合使用，其实它也可以与Ubuntu上其它的图标主题配合使用。这是一个很好的工具，比较小不会影响你的系统的性能。 + +这个软件安装起来方便，让下面这个简短的教程告诉你如何做吧。 + +假如你想将重要的文件夹变成红色的，或者将文档文件夹变为黄色，你可以用Folder Color轻松地改变它们的颜色。 + +教你来安装这个工具。 + +在Ubuntu 中**Ctrl - Alt - T**打开终端。添加下面的PPA源。 + + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:costales/folder-color + + +然后运行下面的命令更新你的系统并安装Folder Color。 + + sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install folder-color + +这样安装就可以了。现在你要做的就是注销登录然后再次登入系统或者重新启动Nautilus 。打开Nautilus ，在你想改变的颜色的文件夹上右键单击选择你想要的颜色。预先定义的颜色可能无法满足你的需要，但是对于大多数用户来说这足够了。 + + +如果你想卸载它，运行下面的命令移除PPA源。 + + sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:costales/folder-color + + +最后，运行下面的命令移除Folder Color 。 + + sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get remove folder-color + +使用愉快！ + +![](http://www.liberiangeek.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/foldercolorubuntu.png) + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2014/04/daily-ubuntu-tips-identify-folders-by-colors-in-ubuntu/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/Linchenguang) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]: +[2]: +[3]: +[4]: +[5]: +[6]: +[7]: +[8]: +[9]: +[10]: +[11]: +[12]: +[13]: +[14]: +[15]: +[16]: +[17]: +[18]: +[19]: +[20]: From 320edf0e9297fe58dad6b308ddf6bf77e68e4e31 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Linchenguang <1573453077@qq.com> Date: Mon, 12 May 2014 20:54:33 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 070/601] =?UTF-8?q?[finished]Daily=20Ubuntu=20Tips=20?= =?UTF-8?q?=E2=80=93=20Identify=20Folders=20By=20Colors=20In=20Ubuntu?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename {transalted => translated}/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md (100%) diff --git a/transalted/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md b/translated/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md similarity index 100% rename from transalted/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md rename to translated/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md From e006ee985274bffe8da3cce7613a8d8b58814489 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Wenxuan Zhao Date: Mon, 12 May 2014 22:29:58 -0300 Subject: [PATCH 071/601] =?UTF-8?q?[=E5=B0=81=E5=9D=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90]?= =?UTF-8?q?=20=E5=A6=82=E4=BD=95=E5=9C=A8=E7=BB=88=E7=AB=AF=E4=B8=BA?= =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BD=91=E9=A1=B5=E6=88=AA=E5=8F=96=E4=B8=80=E4=B8=AA=E5=AE=8C?= =?UTF-8?q?=E6=95=B4=E9=95=BF=E5=BA=A6=E7=9A=84=E6=88=AA=E5=9B=BE?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...th screenshots of websites via terminal.md | 36 ++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/How to take full length screenshots of websites via terminal.md b/sources/tech/How to take full length screenshots of websites via terminal.md index 3b9863e1a4..6a46fbfabc 100644 --- a/sources/tech/How to take full length screenshots of websites via terminal.md +++ b/sources/tech/How to take full length screenshots of websites via terminal.md @@ -1,50 +1,54 @@ -How to take full length screenshots of websites via terminal +如何在终端为网页截取一个完整长度的截图 ================================================================================ ![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Screenshot-790x526.png) -This is a guest post, written by **Tsamis Konstantinos**. He is an avid user of Linux and Open Source, and also a regular visitor of Unixmen. You can contact him via email: **tsamis73@gmail.com** +这是一个名叫 **Tsamis Konstantinos** 的访客所发的帖子。他是一个 Linux 和开源软件的狂热用户，也是一个 Unixmen 的常客。你可以通过他的邮箱 **tsamis73@gmail.com** 联系他： -Taking screenshots is something we all do to remember things instead of notes and for sending things we saw to others. But usually, if not always the webpage we’re taking screenshots of doesn’t fit into our screen and so we need to take multiple screenshots to capture all of it. +除了记笔记以外我们经常用截图来帮我们记忆，或是将看到的一些东西发给别人。 +但是通常情况下，如果一个网页超出了屏幕高度，我们就得用多张截图去截取其全部内容。 -For Linux there is a GNOME application that can take any url you give it and return a full length screenshot of it. The application is called **gnome-web-photo** and in this article you can see how to install it and use it. +对于 Linux，你将会有一个更好的解决方案：使用一个 GNOME 的应用来截取某个链接的整个页面。 +这个应用叫做 **gnome-web-photo**，而这篇文章将介绍如何按照和使用她。 -To install gnome-web-photo on Ubuntu or Debian you type: +在 Ubuntu 和 Debian 的分支下： $ sudo apt-get install gnome-web-photo -If you are using Fedora: +在 Fedora 下： $ sudo yum install gnome-web-photo -If you are using CentOS or RedHat user, be aware that `gnome-web-photo` depends on GTK+ 3.0. This means that `gnome-web-photo` is not compatible with GNOME 2, which is shipped with CentOS/RHEL 6. +但是对于 CentOS 和其他 RedHat 分支的用户，请注意 `gnome-web-photo` 依赖 GTK+ 3.0 这个软件包。 +也就是说 `gnome-web-photo` 是和 CentOS/RHEL 6 自带的 GNOME 2 不相兼容的。 -To actually take a screenshot of a web page: +要为一个网页截图： $ gnome-web-photo -t 0 --mode=photo http://www.unixmen.com output.png -The above command will take the full length screenshot of the Unixmen website, and save it in the current directory. +上面这条命令将为 Unixmen 的主页截取一个完整长度的截图，并保存在当前工作目录下。 -Sample output: +输出样例： ![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/output2.png) -The **-t** parameter specifies the timeout value (in seconds) for screenshot generation. **-t 0** means that timeout is disabled. +**-t** 这个参数可以设置生成截图的超时时间。**-t 0** 则表示禁用超时参数。 -**With** gnome-web-photo, you can also generate a small thumbnail of a webpage like this: Optionally, you can specify thumbnail size by using “**-s**” option. The default thumbnail size is **256×256**. +**通过** gnome-web-photo，你可以用下面的命令为一个网页生成一个缩略图：（默认大小是 **256×256**，但是可以通过 “**-s**” 来指定缩略图的大小） $ gnome-web-photo -t 0 -s 128 --mode=thumbnail http://www.unixmen.com output.png -Sample output: +输出样例： ![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/output.png) -If you want to save a screenshot of a website as a multi-page PDF, so that you can print it out later, you can type: +如果你想将网页截取成一个可供打印的多页 PDF 文档，你可以输入下面的命令： $ gnome-web-photo -t 0 --mode=print http://www.unixmen.com output.pdf -Note that the application doesn’t support the **.jpg** format. +注意这个应用并不兼容 **.jpg** 格式。 -This application is quite useful for all sort of uses. Thumbnails and full length screenshots are useful to me and hopefully to you, too. +这个应用应该对各类用户都有所帮助。 +我经常对网页进行缩略图和完整长度的截图，希望对你也有所帮助。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- From 09dda9555fc4c26ba1a67522383f8f6bd48cb756 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Wenxuan Zhao Date: Mon, 12 May 2014 22:30:43 -0300 Subject: [PATCH 072/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=A7=BB=E5=8A=A8=E5=88=B0=E4=BD=8D?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ow to take full length screenshots of websites via terminal.md | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename {sources => translated}/tech/How to take full length screenshots of websites via terminal.md (100%) diff --git a/sources/tech/How to take full length screenshots of websites via terminal.md b/translated/tech/How to take full length screenshots of websites via terminal.md similarity index 100% rename from sources/tech/How to take full length screenshots of websites via terminal.md rename to translated/tech/How to take full length screenshots of websites via terminal.md From 366e84b852b90e2d032a6fca59b5af07e84726cf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Tue, 13 May 2014 11:14:36 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 073/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140513-1=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md | 30 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 30 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md diff --git a/sources/news/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md b/sources/news/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ae9cd70700 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/The-new-Open-Source-StuntRally-2-3-Racing-Game-Looks-Great-441726-2.jpg) + +StuntRally, a free racing game that features over 150 tracks and lots of cars, has just reached version 2.3 and it's sporting a new look. + +The game is built with the help of several technologies, such as Vdrift, bullet, OGRE, PagedGeometry, and MyGUI, just to name a few, but this is more than just a simple project. StuntRally is probably the most ambitious open source arcade racing game on the Linux platform and it shows from the number of features. + +Players have access to 153 tracks with a total of 24 levels, spanning over 4 hours of gameplay. StuntRally features ghost drive (chase your best time car on track), track's ghost (best drive for track, a green ghost car ES on all tracks), and replays (save your drive and watch it from other cameras later). There are also tutorials, championships, challenges, split screen, and multiplayer. And these features are just scratching the surface. + +The graphics for the StuntRally are also quite decent, if we keep in mind that this is a free game, done by people in their free time. Players will find eight graphics presets, terrain parallax, triplanar mapping, car and water reflections, water refraction, bloom, motion blur, SSAO, depth of field, god rays, and HDR. Some of these latest features will require a newer video card. + +To top it all off, the developers also implemented a Track Editor that should allow users to edit road points and their parameters in real time, to change all of the track parameters, to tweak the terrain generator, and even to modify elements of the cars while driving. + +According to the changelog, all the tracks have been renewed, all the textures for the terrain have been upgraded to 1K, blendmap noise with many parameters has been implemented, emissive light has been added on a few tracks, the grass density is now RenderToTexture, parallax has been disabled for now, dynamic camera bouncing has been added, and fuel now depends on the track length. + +Also, users can now pick the window for terrain textures, grasses, and vegetation models, the terrain editing is now a lot faster, the layer buttons have been swapped, the start position for the Track Editor has been changed, the button on Layers, Grasses, and Vegetation have been updated, a surface tab for terrain and road surface parameters has been added, and much more. + +More details about this new release of StuntRally can be found in the [announcement][1]. You can download StuntRally 2.3 right now from the official [website][2]. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/The-new-Open-Source-StuntRally-2-3-Racing-Game-Looks-Great-441726.shtml + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://code.google.com/p/vdrift-ogre/wiki/VersionHistory +[2]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/stuntrally/files/ \ No newline at end of file From 8304248b2b0e308b6b4bdeeae12ed09e46e46b8d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Tue, 13 May 2014 14:02:22 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 074/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140513-2=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...name On Indicator Panel In Ubuntu 14.04.md | 33 +++++ ...asswords from the command line on Linux.md | 120 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 153 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/Enable Username On Indicator Panel In Ubuntu 14.04.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/How to manage passwords from the command line on Linux.md diff --git a/sources/tech/Enable Username On Indicator Panel In Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/tech/Enable Username On Indicator Panel In Ubuntu 14.04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..decf9d591b --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/Enable Username On Indicator Panel In Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +Enable Username On Indicator Panel In Ubuntu 14.04 +================================================================================ +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Ubuntu-14.042-790x493.jpeg) + +Hi Guys, + +Well if you just installed Ubuntu 14.04, you should figure this out already. + +You will notice that your name is not displayed on the indicator bar, in the right top corner of the desktop. If you still want enable it; this is very easy to do. + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/username_false.png) + +Open Terminal and run the command below: + + $ gsettings set com.canonical.indicator.session show-real-name-on-panel true + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/username_true.png) + +To hide the name, just replace **true** with **false** in the above command: + + $ gsettings set com.canonical.indicator.session show-real-name-on-panel false + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/username_false.png) + +Enjoy! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.unixmen.com/enable-username-indicator-panel-ubuntu-14-04/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/How to manage passwords from the command line on Linux.md b/sources/tech/How to manage passwords from the command line on Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1dc9470ef6 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/How to manage passwords from the command line on Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,120 @@ +How to manage passwords from the command line on Linux +================================================================================ +With password-based authentication so prevalent online these days, you may need or already use some sort of password management tool to keep track of all the passwords you are using. There are various online or offline services or software tools for that matter, and they vary in terms of their sophistication, user interface or target environments (e.g., enterprises or end users). For example, there are a few GUI-based password managers for end users, such as [KeePass(X)][1]. + +For those of you who do not want any kind of GUI dependency for password management, I will describe how to manage passwords from the command line by using [pass][2], **a simple command-line utility for password management**. + +The pass utility is in fact a shell script frontend which uses several other tools (e.g., gpg, pwgen, git, xsel) to manage user's password info using OpenPGP. Each password is encrypted with gpg utility, and stored in a local password store. Password info can be retrieved either via terminal or self-clearing clipboard interface. + +The pass utility is quite flexible and extremely simple to use. You can store each password info in an OpenPGP-protected plain text file, and group different password files into multiple categories. It supports bash auto completion feature, so it is very convenient to fill in commands or long password names using TAB key. + +### Install pass on Linux ### + +To install pass on Debian, Ubuntu or Linux Mint: + + $ sudo apt-get install pass + $ echo "source /etc/bash_completion.d/password-store" >> ~/.bashrc + +To install pass on Fedora: + + $ sudo yum install pass + $ echo "source /etc/bash_completion.d/password-store" >> ~/.bashrc + +To install pass on CentOS, first [enable EPEL repository][3] and then run: + + $ sudo yum install pass + $ echo "source /etc/bash_completion.d/password-store" >> ~/.bashrc + +To install pass on Archlinux: + + $ sudo pac -S pass + $ echo "source /etc/bash_completion.d/password-store" >> ~/.bashrc + +### Initialize Local Password Store ### + +Before using pass utility, you need to do one-time initialization step which involves creating a GPG key pair (if you don't have one) and a local password store. + +First, create a GPG key pair (i.e., public/private keys) as follows. If you already have your own GPG key pair, you can skip this step. + + $ gpg --gen-key + +It will ask you a series of questions as shown below. If you are not sure, you can accept default answers. As part of key generation, you will set a passphrase for your secret key, which is essentially the master password required to access any password info stored in local password store. A successfully generated key pair will be stored in ~/.gnupg + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2922/13965806430_a19596da60_z.jpg) + +Next, initialize the local password store by running the following command. For , enter the email address associated your GPG key created above. + + $ pass init + +This command will create a password store under ~/.password-store directory. + +### Manage Passwords from a Terminal with pass ### + +#### Insert new password info #### + +To insert new password info into local password store, use the following format. + + $ pass insert + + is an arbitrary name you define, and can be hierarchical (e.g., "finance/tdbank", "online/gmail.com"), in which case the password info will be created in corresponding sub-directories under ~/.password-store + +If you want to insert password info as multi-lines, use "-m" option as follows. Type in password info in any format as you like, and press Ctrl+D to finish. + + $ pass insert -m + +![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5564/14129264286_4315cb386b_o_d.jpg) +注：此图片暂时无法访问，不过可以直接访问flickr地址：https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14129264286/ 文章发布的时候注意此处 + +#### View a list of all password names #### + +To view the list of all stored password names, simply type "pass": + + $ pass + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2905/13965804498_92b0af83cf_o.jpg) + +#### Retrieve password info from password store #### + +To access the content of a particular password listing, simply use the command below: + + $ pass + +For example: + + $ pass email/gmail.com + +You will be asked to enter the passphrase to unlock the secret key. + +If you want the password to be copied to the clipboard, instead of appearing in the terminal screen, use this command instead: + + $ pass -c email/gmail.com + +Once copied to the clipboard, the password will automatically be cleared from the clipboard after 45 seconds. + +#### Generate and store a new password in password store #### + +With `pass`, you can also generate a new random password which you can use for any purpose. pass will use pwgen utility to generate a good random password. You can specify the length of a password, or generate a password with or without symbols. + +For example, to generate a 10-character password with no symbol, and store it under "email/new_service.com" listing: + + $ pass generate email/new_service.com 10 -n + +#### Remove password info #### + +Removing existing password info is easy: + + $ pass rm email/gmail.com + +To summarize, pass is extremely flexible, portable, and more importantly, easy to use. I highly recommend pass to anyone looking for a simple means to organize any kind of private info in a secure fashion, without relying on GUI dependency. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/manage-passwords-command-line-linux.html + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/08/how-to-manage-multiple-passwords-on-linux.html +[2]:http://www.zx2c4.com/projects/password-store/ +[3]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/03/how-to-set-up-epel-repository-on-centos.html \ No newline at end of file From 4c1deca4707b794ed928a843d324b7db7a074251 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Tue, 13 May 2014 14:08:43 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 075/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140513-3=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md | 35 ++++++++++++++++++ ...Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md | 36 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 71 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md diff --git a/sources/talk/Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md b/sources/talk/Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..40749b1c2d --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews +================================================================================ +![](http://www.tuxmachines.org/images/redhatlogo.png) + +Today in Linux news Katherine Noyes scoured Linuxdom to find "Linux Pros' top command line secrets," if there's really such a thing argues one blogger. In other news, Jesse Smith reviewed new Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Release Candidate and Jamie Watson reviewed quietly released PCLinuxOS 2014.05. + +Katherine Noyes writes, "there's nothing like a little shop talk around the bar to pass the time during a quiet week, and last week afforded a dose of that as well." It was a post at the Linux Voice that got the ball rolling but one Robert Pogson is quoted as saying, "Command-line secrets? There aren't any such things." See if there's anything new [for you there][1]. + +**In today's** Distrowatch Weekly, Jesse Smith takes RHEL 7 Workstation RC for a test drive. Of the installer he said, "Booting from the RHEL media brought up a graphical system installer. RHEL uses the same new Anaconda installer Fedora has been using in recent releases. Personally, I feel as though the new installer is a step backward." From there was little remarkable, although that's what you want in a workstation I suppose. Smith said he wished there was a graphical package manager because users only have YUM at the commandline and there's only the standard fare in the default stack. Later GNOME shell kept crashing upon KDE login... puzzling but he quite liked the new firewall configuration. See his [full report][2] here. + +**Over at** ZDNet.com, Jamie Watson reviewed recently released PCLinuxOS 2014.05. He said: + +> It is an interesting concept, as you might assume from the name it includes a lot of packages, applications and drivers which are not in the standard distribution. The really interesting bit, though, is the activity-focused virtual desktop configuration. The intention is to make using PCLinuxOS easy and fun, by providing the following desktops, each with its own specific wallpaper: +> +> Internet — browser, email, chat, IM +> Work — Office, kile, scribus +> Play — games +> Multimedia — music, video, editing and composing +> Graphics and Images — scan, edit, draw +> Administration — System management tasks + +"PCLinuxOS still uses the same installer they have had for as long as I can remember, which was originally derived from the Mandriva/Mandrake installer," observed Watson. He said it ships with a modern kernel, up-to-date software, and well behaved desktops. [He concludes][3], " this new PCLinuxOS release is very nice." Additionally, [Watson testdrove][4] Ubuntu, Debian, and LMDE last week as well. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://ostatic.com/blog/pros-secrets-and-red-hat-7-and-pclinuxos-2014-05-reviews + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/Linux-Pros-Top-Command-Line-Secrets-80437.html +[2]:http://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20140512#feature +[3]:http://www.zdnet.com/hands-on-with-pclinuxos-2014-05-kde-and-lxde-the-linux-with-something-for-everyone-7000029297/ +[4]:http://www.zdnet.com/testing-ubuntu-debian-and-lmde-on-my-new-notebook-7000029202/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md b/sources/tech/Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d14b8dd4db --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17 +================================================================================ +Spotify is the most popular streaming music service these days. While you can listen it via its web interface, you can also install a desktop client of Spotify in Linux. This gives you some additional features such as listening to local music in Spotify, sync local music to Spotify server or sync local music to iPhone, iPod or other mobile devices. + +In this quick post, we shall see how to quickly **install Spotify in Ubuntu 14.04** and other Debian based distributions such as Linux Mint, Elementary OS, Bodhi etc. + +### Install Spotify in Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint ### + +To install desktop client of Spotufy, open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and use the following commands: + + sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://repository.spotify.com stable non-free" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/spotify.list' + +This will add the above repository in software sources list. Now add the GPG key: + + sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 94558F59 + +Next is simple. Update and install Spotify client. + + sudo apt-get update + sudo apt-get install spotify-client + +That’s all you need to do. Next you can start Spotify by searching for it Unity Dash (in Ubuntu). It integrates very well in Ubuntu environment. Here is what Spotify interface looks like in Ubuntu 14.04: + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Spotify_Ubuntu_Linux.jpeg) + +I hope this quick post helped you to install Spotify desktop client in Ubuntu and other Linux OS. I think this could be counted as one of the first [few things to do after installing Ubuntu 14.04][1]. How do you find it? Do you use any other service similar to Spotify? Do share your views. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://itsfoss.com/install-spotify-ubuntu-1404/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://itsfoss.com/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-14-04/ \ No newline at end of file From a770b4c2183969e0c19af79806e54af3ebfcc8ac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Tue, 13 May 2014 14:24:24 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 076/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140513-4=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md | 112 ++++++++++++++++++ ...ustomize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md | 96 +++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 208 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md diff --git a/sources/talk/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md b/sources/talk/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a5759da8c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets +================================================================================ +![](http://www.linuxinsider.com/images/rw509807/command-line.jpg) + +> "Command-line secrets? There aren't any such things," said blogger Robert Pogson. "Desperate newbie? Type 'help.' Still need a hint? Type 'man whatever.' Want more diversity? Type 'ls /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin | less,' pick out a few gems and type 'man whatever' all night long. I've been at it more than a decade. Still having fun." Of course, "one can be addicted to the point of destruction." + +**W**ell it was a relatively quiet week here in the Linux blogosphere, giving residents a long-overdue opportunity to catch their collective breath, enjoy a few Tequila Tux cocktails and take stock of all the FOSS-related happenings that have taken place over the past few weeks. + +Among the highlights, for those who missed them, were [the awarding][1] of the [IEEE][2] Computer Society's 2014 Computer Pioneer Award to none other than Linus Torvalds; [the arrival][3] of Tails OS 1.0; and, perhaps most exciting of all, [the release][4] of Seattle-based band [netcat's][5] debut album as a Linux kernel module. + +"Are you ever listening to an album, and thinking 'man, this sounds good, but I wish it crossed from user-space to kernel-space more often!'" netcat wrote on its Facebook page. "We got you covered. Our album is now fully playable as a loadable Linux kernel module." + +Linux Girl thought she had seen it all here in the Linux world, but now she realizes she was wrong. Thank you, netcat, for keeping life interesting! + +### 'Command Line Secrets' ### + +![](http://www.linuxinsider.com/images/article_images/linuxgirl_bg_pinkswirl_150x245.jpg) + +Speaking of interesting, there's nothing like a little shop talk around the bar to pass the time during a quiet week, and last week afforded a dose of that as well. Life is good here in the Linux blogosphere! + +The forum was Linux Voice -- that shiny, new magazine alert readers may remember [launched late last year][6] -- and the topic was none other than [command line secrets][7]. + +Linux Girl couldn't resist. + +### 'It Manages to Render Most Web Pages' ### + +"There are loads of really good reasons to use the command line," wrote the masterminds at Linux Voice. "It's the most powerful and concise method of interacting with your computer. + +"However, we decided to take a moment to look at some of its more obscure (and some would say pointless) uses," they added. + +Top of the magazine's list is the elinks Web browser: "It might not be as colorful as its more famous rivals, but it manages to render most Web pages," they explained. "As well has having geek-chic, it can come in handy when you just need to quickly check if a Web page is accessible from a computer you only have SSH access to." + +The list goes on from there to include looking up definitions on Wikipedia, among other tips. + +Down at the Broken Windows Lounge, patrons had plenty of suggestions of their own. + +### 'Great for Maintenance' ### + +"Very nice tips on CL commands, very nice," enthused Google+ blogger Alessandro Ebersol, for example. "But they forgot [cowsay][8], which is great for having some laughs in the darkness of a terminal." + +The command line "is great for maintenance," he added. "One can automate with bash scripts and make complex tasks with few (or just one) keystrokes." + +Other command line secrets Ebersol would add to the original list are sl (steam locomotive), along with [these nuggets][9]: + + * % cat "food in cans" + cat: can't open food in cans + * % nice man woman + No manual entry for woman. + * % [Where is Jimmy Hoffa? + Missing ]. + * % make love + Make: Don't know how to make love. Stop. + * % man: why did you get a divorce? + man:: Too many arguments. + +### 'The Most Precious Gem' ### + +"Command-line secrets? There aren't any such things," blogger [Robert Pogson][10] told Linux Girl. "Desperate newbie? Type 'help.' Still need a hint? Type 'man whatever.' Want more diversity? Type 'ls /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin | less,' pick out a few gems and type 'man whatever' all night long. I've been at it more than a decade. Still having fun." + +Pogson doesn't remember how long ago he discovered 'ssh,' but "it's the most precious gem of the FLOSS world," he said. + +"The awesome power of ssh is that the joy you have with typing commands on one computer can allow you a hundred times the joy on 100 computers," he added. "Of course, it's not fun to type passwords 100 times, so learn to use secure passwordless logins with ssh to make logging in remotely transparent." + +### 'Use It With Respect' ### + +Of course, "just as with any pleasurable activity, one can be addicted to the point of destruction," Pogson warned. "As root, you can type commands to delete everything or otherwise mess things up. + +"This is the nuclear option, and just as world leaders should sit on their hands and think carefully before pushing the button, value this power and use it with respect and higher motivations," he added. + +"I once deleted a file system because my thumb dragged the space bar into a command," Pogson concluded. "I only did that once. Honest." + +### 'Very Powerful' ### + +Google+ blogger Gonzalo Velasco C. was no less enthusiastic. + +"Even though the [GUI][11] tools are easier, in the *nix universe, the command line remains very powerful," he told Linux Girl. "Even some power MacOS users use them." + +As for Gonzalo Velasco C. himself, "the only commands I would like to master are the process control and killing, to use with ctrl+alt+backspace, so I can handle the one process that is giving me trouble, and the tar.gz files management -- that to this very day remains a pain for me," he said. + +#### 'Ur Doing It Wrong' #### + +Last but not least, SoylentNews blogger hairyfeet had a different perspective altogether. + +"The only thing I would add to a story about CLI is this: If you aren't working in IT and performing repetitive tasks where having an extremely simplistic, primitive way to script something is useful, and yet you are still using CLI, then 'ur doing it wrong,'" hairyfeet told Linux Girl. "A CLI isn't magic -- it's a GUI from the 1970s!" + +Today there are "useful GUIs thanks to actually having more CPU and RAM than a dollar-store watch -- we even have IDEs and scripting languages that can run rings around that 70s throwback, work across the WAN or LAN and interact with the deepest levels of the OS, all while being easier to use thanks to technologies like intellisense and autocomplete," he explained. "So why in God's name, if you aren't one of the 3 percent who are administering systems where every single byte counts, would you be dragging that old pile of junk out of mothballs?" + +Hairyfeet's best CLI advice? "Don't -- join the rest of the planet in the 21st century and learn how to use real languages and tools," he concluded. "Let CLI join bubble memory and floppies on the dustbin of history." + +> atherine Noyes is always on duty in her role as Linux Girl, whose cape she has worn since 2007. A mild-mannered journalist by day, she spends her evenings haunting the seedy bars and watering holes of the Linux blogosphere in search of the latest gossip. You can also find her on [Twitter][12] and [Google+][13]. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/80437.html?rss=1 + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.computer.org/portal/web/pressroom/Linus-Torvalds-Named-Recipient-of-the-2014-IEEE-Computer-Society-Computer-Pioneer-Award +[2]:http://www.ieee.org/ +[3]:http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/80386.html +[4]:https://www.facebook.com/netcatband/posts/755205877853161?stream_ref=10 +[5]:http://www.netcat.co/ +[6]:http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/79448.html +[7]:http://www.linuxvoice.com/commandline-secrets/ +[8]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowsay +[9]:https://www.linux.com/community/blogs/133-general-linux/10408 +[10]:http://mrpogson.com/ +[11]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUI +[12]:http://twitter.com/noyesk +[13]:https://plus.google.com/+KatherineNoyes?rel=author \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md b/sources/tech/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..70aa647b32 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps +================================================================================ +![](http://www.muktware.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/ubuntu-customize-1.jpg) + +Ubuntu is a great Linux distribution for users who want an easy-to-use interface and is arguably the best distribution for a user new to the Linux world. Some side effects of this is that, in terms of interface and appearance, many arbitrary choices have been made for the user by Canonical, particularly in the form of the Unity desktop environment. + +These are not set in stone, however. Below are a few tips on how to feel more at home in Ubuntu. For a glimpse of some of the things you can customize in Ubuntu, you can see above what my desktop looks like using Unity in Ubuntu 14.04, compared to the default setup. + +Let’s break down what is needed to do this. + +### 1. Install the Unity Tweak Tool ### + +Before you can make any significant changes to the appearance of Ubuntu, you will have to install the [Unity Tweak Tool][1], This is a special settings manager for the Unity desktop environment, and allows you to implement things like alternate icon sets and themes. It can be downloaded from the Ubuntu software center, or if you prefer, from the terminal with the following commands: + + sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool + +If you are using Gnome desktop environment, then you might want to try the Gnome Tweak Tool, which can also can be installed from the Ubuntu software center or with the command + + sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool + +### 2. Install a GTK theme ### + +There are many custom themes for Ubuntu, which affect the way applications and windows look. The theme I use is the Numix GTK+ theme. You can find out more about the Numix themes and icons at [http://numixproject.org/][2] . You can install the the Numix theme by opening the terminal and entering: + + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:numix/ppa + sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install numix-gtk-theme + +o enable the theme, open the Unity Tweak Tool and select “Theme”, located under the “Appearance” header and select the theme, which should now be an option listed under “Available Themes”. This process can be repeated for any other theme, provided the repository package name is known. Many themes are available for perusal at [Gnome-Look.org][3]. One very similar set of themes to Numix are available is Moka at [http://mokaproject.com/][4]. + +### 3. Install an icon set ### + +The icons used in the screenshot are also from Numix, the Numix Circle icons. These icons can be installed by entering into the terminal the commands: + + sudo apt-add-repository ppa:numix/ppa + sudo apt-get update + sudo apt-get install numix-icon-theme-circle + +To enable the icons, select “Icons” in the Unity Tweak Tool and highlight the icon set. Once again, this is possible for any of the multitudes of icon sets available. Moka also offers very nice icon sets that bring colorful, consistent design to your desktop. + +### 4. Install Conky system monitor ### + +Conky is a lightweight desktop system monitor. By itself, it is quite plain, but it is completely hackable, which opens the door to complete customization of the application, which can be used to display a variety of useful information. You can install Conky by with these commands + + sudo apt-get install conky conky-all + +You will also need to install Curl with the command + + sudo apt-get install curl + +The Conky theme shown in the screenshot is [Harmattan][5], which displays time, weather and system processes in 15 different themes. To install this theme, you can download the .zip file from [deviantART][6], then extract its contents. Move the .conky-weather folder (you may have to hit Ctrl + H to view these files) into the home folder, as well as the .conkyrc file from the folder containing the theme of your choice (the Harmattan theme is nicely organized into folders for different types of themes). There are [hundreds of themes][7] of Conky, and all you need to try them is to replace the .conkyrc file in the home folder with the .conkyrc file for that theme. + +### 5. Install some indicator applets ### + +There are many third-party indicator applets that you can use to monitor information on your desktop. There are applets for weather, system performance, and more. The ones I use are quite simple. Because weather and performance are already in Conky, I haven’t installed these, but you can install them by entering the following commands in the terminal: + + sudo apt-get install indicator-weather + sudo apt-get install indicator-multiload + +The two applets I use are the Keys Lock applet and the Touchpad controller, because my laptop does not have an indicator light for caps lock or the touchpad disable hotkey. You can install these with the commands + + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tsbarnes/indicator-keylock + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:atareao/atareao + sudo apt-get update + sudo apt-get install indicator-keylock + sudo apt-get install touchpad-indicator + +You may have to re-login to your user in order to launch these applets. + +### 6. Get advanced with CompizConfig Settings Manager ### + +If Unity Tweak Tool is not powerful enough for you, you can try installing the [CompizConfig Settings Manager][8]. + +### Warning: ### + +CompizConfig may damage your system if the wrong settings are applied. Use with caution. You can enable settings hidden in all corners of Ubuntu, and you can install in from the Ubuntu Software Center or from the terminal with these commands: + + sudo apt-get install compiz compizconfig-settings-manager compiz-fusion-plugins-extra compiz-fusion-plugins-main compiz-plugins + +Your Ubuntu desktop is now supercharged! All of these steps have thousands of other options attached to them, so customizability is endless. Now go out and try them! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.muktware.com/2014/05/customize-ubuntu-desktop-6-steps/26750 + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/unity-tweak-tool/ +[2]:http://numixproject.org/ +[3]:http://gnome-look.org/?xcontentmode=100 +[4]:http://mokaproject.com/ +[5]:http://zagortenay333.deviantart.com/art/Conky-Harmattan-426662366 +[6]:http://www.deviantart.com/art/Conky-Harmattan-426662366 +[7]:http://www.deviantart.com/?qh=§ion=&global=1&q=conky +[8]:https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/compizconfig-settings-manager/ \ No newline at end of file From 893dbb1596329aca6790b8d108ebb1a6272cdf8c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Tue, 13 May 2014 22:20:14 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 077/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9ADaily=20Ubun?= =?UTF-8?q?tu=20Tips=20=E2=80=93=20Manually=20Install=20Oracle=20Java=20JD?= =?UTF-8?q?K=208=20In=20Ubuntu?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ntu Tips – Manually Install Oracle Java JDK 8 In Ubuntu.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Manually Install Oracle Java JDK 8 In Ubuntu.md (94%) diff --git a/translated/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Manually Install Oracle Java JDK 8 In Ubuntu.md b/published/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Manually Install Oracle Java JDK 8 In Ubuntu.md similarity index 94% rename from translated/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Manually Install Oracle Java JDK 8 In Ubuntu.md rename to published/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Manually Install Oracle Java JDK 8 In Ubuntu.md index 2d62625f3b..106abeee1d 100644 --- a/translated/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Manually Install Oracle Java JDK 8 In Ubuntu.md +++ b/published/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Manually Install Oracle Java JDK 8 In Ubuntu.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ 这种方法不需要依赖于第三方的源仓库。你只需要从 Oracle 的官方下载页直接下载，然后安装就行。 -JDK 8 是一个重要的发行版本，也加入了最新的叫做 Lambda 表达式的新语言功能，此功能可以“把一个功能函数当作一个方法参数或者代码块当作日期类型”。 +JDK 8 是一个重要的发行版本，也加入了最新的叫做 Lambda 表达式的新语言功能，此功能可以“把函数用作方法参数，或者代码块当作日期数据使用”。 这一个版本也发布了一个新的 java.util.stream 包类集合，提供了基于流的 API，用来支持函数式操作的功能。 @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ JDK 8 是一个重要的发行版本，也加入了最新的叫做 Lambda 表达 java –version -好好享受吧！ +祝你玩的开心~ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- From 1ca01b9bcf92777c65ca3af672fd6373db80a148 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: owen-carter Date: Tue, 13 May 2014 23:54:43 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 078/601] Signed-off-by: owen-carter --- .../news/Torvalds Is Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/sources/news/Torvalds Is Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel.md b/sources/news/Torvalds Is Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel.md index 633d64d0c6..79e07a615d 100644 --- a/sources/news/Torvalds Is Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel.md +++ b/sources/news/Torvalds Is Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +owen-carter translating Torvalds Is Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel ================================================================================ Yesterday patches were published via a pull request to [enable experimental LTO support for the Linux 3.15 kernel][1], but Linus Torvalds hasn't yet decided whether he will accept this code in the upstream Linux kernel... Linus doesn't yet see the benefits in link-time optimizations for the kernel and isn't sure whether this code is ready yet to be mainlined. From 9ec57f572a8516c9244576b1311e8fa8a11a223a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: runningwater Date: Wed, 14 May 2014 07:06:16 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 079/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E4=B8=80=E9=83=A8?= =?UTF-8?q?=E5=88=86=EF=BC=8C=E4=BF=9D=E5=AD=98=E4=B8=8B?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md | 87 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 87 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/tech/Why htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md diff --git a/translated/tech/Why htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md b/translated/tech/Why htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cd76cabdc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/Why htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +为什么 Linux 的 htop 命令优于 top 命令 +================================================================================ +在 Linux 系统中，top 命令用来显示系统中正在运行的进程的实时状态，它显示了像 CPU 利用情况、内存消耗情况，以及每个进程情况等十分有用的信息。你应该知道，与传统的 top 命令功能一样的，还存在另一个命令行工具 'htop'，但它有更加强大的功能及能显示更多的信息。这篇文章，我们会用实例来讨论这个 'htop' 命令。 + +### Linux 中的 htop 命令 ### + +下面是从 htop 的手册页摘抄下来的相关描述: + +> 它类似于 top 命令，但可以让你在垂直和水平方向上滚动，所以你可以看到系统上运行的所有进程，以及他们完整的命令行。 +> +> 可以不用输入进程的 PID 就可以对此进程进行相关的操作 (killing, renicing)。 + +### 首先明白它的输出 ### + +**htop 命令**以典型的格式来显示信息。下面是 HTOP 的输出快照: + +![htop](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/htop.png) + +如果你观察窗口的左上角部分，你会看到显示的是 CPU 负载、内存消耗及交换空间的实时信息，右上角包含的是任务、平均负载及系统运行时间的信息。 + +平均负载部分提供了三个数字，这仅仅表示的是过去的5分钟、10分钟和15分钟系统的平均负载而已，在单核的系统中，平均负载为1表示的是百分之百的 CPU 利用率。最后，运行时间 （uptime）标示的数字是从系统启动起到当前的运行总时间。 + +下面，我们将用例子来进一步讨论这个命令。 + +### 1. 用 F2 键编辑配置 ### + +该 HTOP 命令提供了许多自定义选项，你所要做的就是从主窗口中按下 F2 键。 + +下面所示的是可用的自定义选项: + +![htop-settings](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/htop-settings.png) + +只需使用箭头键选择和更改特定的设置。 + +### 2. 通过 F9 键发送信号 ### + +The htop command provides you with a way through which you can easily send any signal to a process from within the htop window. All you have to do is to press F9. + +![signals](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/signals.png) + +As you can see, the left part of the window now lists all the available signals, while the right part lists the processes. Just select and signal, then select a process, and then press enter to send the signal to the process. + +### 3. Get a tree view of the processes ### + +The htop command also provides a tree view of the processes. All you have to do is to press F5. + +Here is an example of htop displaying information in a tree view : + +![treeView](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/treeView.png) + +To come out of tree view, press the F5 key again. + +### 4. Search Processes Through F3 key ### + +The htop command provides an easy way to search processes. All you have to do is to press F3 key and a text box will appear at the bottom of the window. + +Here is an example : + +![search](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/search1.png) + +As you can see, a text prompt ‘Search’ appears at the bottom of the window. You can type the name of the process here and press enter to search it. If the htop command is able to find it, it will select the entry of that process in its output. + +### 5. Colour Tag An Entry Through Space Key ### + +In real-time view of processes running in the system, one of the main problem is to follow a process. This is because the entries keep on refreshing, and their order keeps on changing. The htop command provides an easy solution to this problem: Colour tagging. Yes, you can colour tag an entry so that it is displayed in a different colour, and hence becomes easy to follow. + +To colour tag an entry, all you have to do is to select the entry and press ‘space’ key. For example, in the screen-shot below, I have colour tagged three entries : + +![color-tag](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/color-tag.png) + +So this way, you can easily follow the process(es) you desire. + +### 6. Command line options ### + +Apart from the hot keys explained till now, the htop command also provides useful command line options. Some of them are : + +- **-s Option** : To sort a particular column. For example, htop -s PID will sort the PID column output. +- **-u Option** : To display process information related to a particular user. For example, htop -u himanshu will display process information related to the user himanshu. +- **-d option** : To introduce delay between updates. For example, htop -d 100 will make sure that htop output updates after 1 sec (as the argument to -d is considered to be in tenths of seconds). + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-htop-command/ + +译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file From 5031a79a0600ba93fae4395ea59508fa4b29898a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Wed, 14 May 2014 11:23:48 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 080/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140514-1=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md | 54 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 54 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md diff --git a/sources/tech/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md b/sources/tech/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..eb5c8ad0ea --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use! +================================================================================ +From content management systems to simple tables, databases are a part of every development project nowadays. That is why developers lay so much emphasis on using the right kind of database tools. Here are some that may be of help to you! + +![](http://www.efytimes.com/admin/useradmin/photo/LuMX31155AM5132014.jpeg) + +#### 1. [Autotabla][1] #### + +Autotabla is a CGI web interface to your programs' SQL tables. Just provide an XML description of your schema, and you'll be able to create/modify/delete records. HTML output fully customisable through CSS. Database independence through Perl/DBI. + +#### 2. [Cruddy!][2] #### + +Cruddy! is an application of the CGI::CRUD framework that provides an instant web front-end CRUD interface to your database. + +#### 3. [myPhile][3] #### + +This is a customisable generic front-end for MySQL tables. + +#### 4. [NG-Admin][4] #### + +This is a content management tool for databases. + +#### 5. [phpMoAdmin][5] #### + +This is a MongoDB administration tool for PHP. + +#### 6. [phpMSAdmin][6] #### + +phpMSAdmin is a tool written in PHP that allows you to administer a Microsoft SQL Server through a web browser, without the need for Windows or the proprietary Enterprise Manager. It allows you to create/modify: databases, tables, views, triggers, etc. + +#### 7. [RockMongo][7] #### + +RockMongo, a MongoDB administration tool, written in PHP5, is Best in PHP world, more like PHPMyAdmin. + +#### 8. [WizMySQLAdmin][8] #### + +WizMySQLAdmin is a MySQL database manager like the most famous phpMyAdmin, but it's very simple to install and maintain. It's composed by only one file, and it support multiple databases and tables creation and manipulation. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.efytimes.com/e1/fullnews.asp?edid=138307 + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/autotabla/ +[2]:http://www.thesmbexchange.com/cruddy/ +[3]:http://efytimes.com/e1/companionway.net +[4]:http://www.ng-marketing.com/wuerzburg/ +[5]:http://phpmoadmin.com/ +[6]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/phpmsadmin/ +[7]:http://rockmongo.com/ +[8]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/wizmysqadmin/ \ No newline at end of file From d1c3983649d9ef5c38f701322bcee26373558b54 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Wed, 14 May 2014 21:44:18 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 081/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AHow=20to=20A?= =?UTF-8?q?dd=20Beautiful=20Fonts=20to=20Any=20Linux=20Distribution?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...autiful Fonts to Any Linux Distribution.md | 43 +++++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 26 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/How to Add Beautiful Fonts to Any Linux Distribution.md (69%) diff --git a/translated/tech/How to Add Beautiful Fonts to Any Linux Distribution.md b/published/How to Add Beautiful Fonts to Any Linux Distribution.md similarity index 69% rename from translated/tech/How to Add Beautiful Fonts to Any Linux Distribution.md rename to published/How to Add Beautiful Fonts to Any Linux Distribution.md index 793c1c733f..ca4096f2b5 100644 --- a/translated/tech/How to Add Beautiful Fonts to Any Linux Distribution.md +++ b/published/How to Add Beautiful Fonts to Any Linux Distribution.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -如何给任何一款 Linux 发行版添加漂亮的字体 +如何给任意一款 Linux 发行版添加漂亮的字体 ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/How-to-Add-Beautiful-Fonts-to-Any-Linux-Distribution-434835-2.jpg) @@ -13,17 +13,22 @@ ### Infinality for Arch Linux ### 1. 将infinality-bundle，infinality-bundle-multilib （用于使用64位系统的用户）和infinality-bundle-fonts仓库添加到你的 /etc/pacman.conf文件中： + + [infinality-bundle] + Server = http://bohoomil.com/repo/$arch - [infinality-bundle] - Server = http://bohoomil.com/repo/$arch + [infinality-bundle-multilib] + Server = http://bohoomil.com/repo/multilib/$arch - [infinality-bundle-multilib] - Server = http://bohoomil.com/repo/multilib/$arch + [infinality-bundle-fonts] + Server = http://bohoomil.com/repo/fonts - [infinality-bundle-fonts] - Server = http://bohoomil.com/repo/fonts +2. 执行 sudo pacman -Syu 命令用来刷新仓库，然后运行 + + sudo pacman -S infinality-bundle infinality-bundle-multilib ibfonts-meta-extended （用于64位系统） + + sudo pacman -S infinality-bundle ibfonts-meta-extended （用于32位系统） -2. 执行 sudo pacman -Syu 命令用来刷新仓库，然后运行 `sudo pacman -S infinality-bundle infinality-bundle-multilib ibfonts-meta-extended` （用于64位系统） 或者 `sudo pacman -S infinality-bundle ibfonts-meta-extended` （用于32位系统）。 3. 当被询问是否替换 fontconfig 软件包的 freetype2 时，回答YES。完成后重启你的计算机。 @@ -31,14 +36,18 @@ 1. 在终端窗口中执行如下命令 - sudo rpm -Uvh http://www.infinality.net/fedora/linux/infinality-repo-1.0-1.noarch.rpm - sudo yum install freetype-infinality fontconfig-infinality + sudo rpm -Uvh http://www.infinality.net/fedora/linux/infinality-repo-1.0-1.noarch.rpm + sudo yum install freetype-infinality fontconfig-infinality 2. 重启你的机器。 ### Infinality for openSUSE ### -1. 添加 Infinality 官方仓库 `http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/namtrac:/subpixel/openSUSE_13.1/` ，打开YaST中的库选项卡，选择namtrac:subpixel仓库，并打击“切换系统包的版本到这个仓库”。 +1. 添加 Infinality 官方仓库： + + + http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/namtrac:/subpixel/openSUSE_13.1/ +打开YaST中的库选项卡，选择namtrac:subpixel仓库，并打击“切换系统包的版本到这个仓库”。 2. 标记 namtrac:subpixel 中所有还没有安装的包来进行安装，然后从 openSUSE 官方软件仓库中安装 fontconfig-infinality 包。 @@ -52,15 +61,15 @@ 1. 在终端中执行下面的命令（一个一个执行，每一行之后敲击回车）： - echo “deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/no1wantdthisname/ppa/ubuntu raring main” | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/infinality.list - echo “deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/no1wantdthisname/ppa/ubuntu raring main” | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/infinality.list - sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys E985B27B + echo “deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/no1wantdthisname/ppa/ubuntu raring main” | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/infinality.list + echo “deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/no1wantdthisname/ppa/ubuntu raring main” | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/infinality.list + sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys E985B27B 2. 执行以下命令来升级你的系统并安装 Infinality 包： - sudo apt-get update - sudo apt-get upgrade - sudo apt-get install fontconfig-infinality + sudo apt-get update + sudo apt-get upgrade + sudo apt-get install fontconfig-infinality 3. 重启你的计算机。 From 96580aa5ff965d1eb9d4989ee295f3730fe28cbf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Wed, 14 May 2014 21:47:43 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 082/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AHow=20To=20C?= =?UTF-8?q?reate=20A=20Live=20USB=20Of=20Ubuntu=2014.04=20In=20Windows=207?= =?UTF-8?q?=20&=208?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md (83%) diff --git a/translated/tech/How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md b/published/How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md similarity index 83% rename from translated/tech/How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md rename to published/How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md index 7bd8999b56..69757e6566 100644 --- a/translated/tech/How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md +++ b/published/How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -如何在windows 7 或 8 系统中制作一个Ubuntu 14.04 的USB随身碟（Live USB） +如何在win 7/8 中制作一个Ubuntu 14.04 的USB随身碟 ================================================================================ -安装Ubuntu的第一步是制作一个随身碟。如果你正在使用Windows XP，7，8 或者 8.1，你可以用Universal USB Installer去创建一个Live USB。这是我最喜欢用的，而且它很容易使用。让我们看看如何很容易地在Windows 8 里制作一个Ubuntu的Live USB 。 +安装Ubuntu的第一步是制作一个随身碟。如果你正在使用Windows XP，7，8 或者 8.1，你可以用Universal USB Installer去创建一个Live USB。这是我最喜欢用的方法，而且它很容易使用。让我们看看如何很容易地在Windows 8 里制作一个Ubuntu的Live USB 。 ### 在Windows里制作live USB的步骤： ### @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ via: http://itsfoss.com/create-live-usb-of-ubuntu-in-windows/ -译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 7ced051ab8b1153e818af6b381958ead55274633 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Wed, 14 May 2014 22:00:33 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 083/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AHow=20To=20W?= =?UTF-8?q?atch=20Netflix=20In=20Ubuntu=2014.04=20With=20Netflix=20Desktop?= =?UTF-8?q?=20App?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...Netflix In Ubuntu 14.04 With Netflix Desktop App.md | 10 +++++----- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/How To Watch Netflix In Ubuntu 14.04 With Netflix Desktop App.md (76%) diff --git a/translated/tech/How To Watch Netflix In Ubuntu 14.04 With Netflix Desktop App.md b/published/How To Watch Netflix In Ubuntu 14.04 With Netflix Desktop App.md similarity index 76% rename from translated/tech/How To Watch Netflix In Ubuntu 14.04 With Netflix Desktop App.md rename to published/How To Watch Netflix In Ubuntu 14.04 With Netflix Desktop App.md index c67c382164..91fa2699a8 100644 --- a/translated/tech/How To Watch Netflix In Ubuntu 14.04 With Netflix Desktop App.md +++ b/published/How To Watch Netflix In Ubuntu 14.04 With Netflix Desktop App.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -如何在Ubuntu 14.04中使用Netflix桌面应用观看Netflix +如何在Ubuntu 14.04中观看Netflix ================================================================================ -在Windows中观看Netflix是很容易的。你可以使用网络浏览器或者桌面程序，但这在linux中并不同。这在linux中默认并不可行，这是因为Netflix需要[Microsoft Silverlight][1]，同时由于这是"微软"的,很明显这无法在Linux上使用。所以在Linux上就没法使用Netflix了么？当然有办法。本篇中我们就会看到如何在Ubuntu 14.04上观看Netflix(或许在老版本中如13.10和13.04等也可以)。 +在Windows中观看Netflix是很容易的。你可以使用网络浏览器或者桌面程序，但这在linux中并不同。这在linux中默认并不可行，这是因为Netflix需要[Microsoft Silverlight][1]，同时由于这是"微软"的，很明显这无法在Linux上使用。所以在Linux上就没法使用Netflix了么？当然有办法。本篇中我们就会看到如何在Ubuntu 14.04上观看Netflix(或许在老版本中如13.10和13.04等也可以)。 ### 如何在Ubuntu 14.04 中观看Netflix: ### @@ -41,15 +41,15 @@ At first run, it will install some Wine related stuff. Let it do that. Afterward ### 在USA之外的Ubuntu上使用Netflix : ### -你注意到上面的Netflix桌面应用了么？它说Netflix不支持我所在的国家地区(也就是说，法国)。我不是Netflix的粉丝但是我写了一篇[如何在美国之外轻松观看Netflix][4]。如果你想要在美国之外观看Netflix，你需要改变DNS设置。Tunlr是一个已经关闭的免费服务。 +你注意到上面的Netflix桌面应用了么？它说Netflix不支持我所在的国家地区(也就是说，法国)。我不是Netflix的粉丝，不过我写了一篇[如何在美国之外轻松观看Netflix][4]。如果你想要在美国之外观看Netflix，你需要改变DNS设置才行。 -作为替代，我使用 [Unlocator][5]，在beta状态下还是免费的。很容易使用且体验良好。Unlocator现在不再免费了，但是如果你愿意每月花$5，[Unlocator][5]是一个很棒的DNS解锁服务器。 +文中提到的Tunlr是一个已经关闭的免费服务。作为替代，我还使用 [Unlocator][5]，在beta状态下还是免费的。很容易使用且体验良好。Unlocator现在不再免费了，但是如果你愿意每月花$5，[Unlocator][5]是一个很棒的DNS解锁服务器。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://itsfoss.com/netflix-ubuntu-1404-desktop-app/ -译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From a21aeaa4ff914a885940ddaae6c93d64e35b5b29 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: zzlyzq Date: Wed, 14 May 2014 23:08:30 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 084/601] Translated --- ...mnt Command To Find Mounted Filesystems.md | 112 ------------------ ...mnt Command To Find Mounted Filesystems.md | 112 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 112 insertions(+), 112 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/Linux findmnt Command To Find Mounted Filesystems.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/Linux findmnt Command To Find Mounted Filesystems.md diff --git a/sources/tech/Linux findmnt Command To Find Mounted Filesystems.md b/sources/tech/Linux findmnt Command To Find Mounted Filesystems.md deleted file mode 100644 index f744a6174c..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/Linux findmnt Command To Find Mounted Filesystems.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,112 +0,0 @@ -[zzlyzq translating...] -Linux findmnt Command To Find Mounted Filesystems -================================================================================ -The command findmnt is used to find mounted filesystems in Linux. This command will look for a particular filesystem in /etc/fstab, /etc/mtab or /proc/self/mountinfo. - -### How To Install findmnt ### - -The command findmnt comes in the package util-linux-ng, now renamed util-linux. The package comes with several other utilities such as hwclock. To install findmnt [download util-linux][1] from kernel.org ftp page. - -### How To Install findmnt In Fedora ### - -Fedora users can install the package as follows: - - $ sudo yum install util-linux-ng - -### Findmnt Default option ### - -This command by default will give you a list of all filesystems mounted if no mountpoint or device is specified. - - $ findmnt - -![findmnt default](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/findmnt-default.png) - -### Findmnt Polling Mode ### - -The command findmnt can be used to monitor changes in /proc/self/mountinfo file. The polling mode can be invoked by tying in your terminal the following command: - - $ findmnt -p - -alternatively - - $ findmnt --poll - -Any changes made to /proc/self/mountinfo file will automatically be updated on the terminal. At first you will not see any output but if try unplug and plugging your flash drive, the changes are reflected on the terminal as in the following example. - -![findmnt poll](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/findmnt-poll.png) - -The time which polling mode will block can be restricted by **--timeout** or **--first-only** option. - -### Timeout option ### - -This option can be used along with --poll to limit the time polling mode will block to the time you explicitly set. **The timeout to be set is in milliseconds**. After the timeout period findmnt will no longer monitor for changes to the /proc/self/mountinfo file. - - $ findmnt --poll --timeout 6000 - -![findmnt poll timeout](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/findmnt-poll-timeout.png) - -### First-only option ### - -The first-only option will monitor for changes in the /proc/self/mountinfo file only for the first change and the command will no longer be in polling mode. The first change is displayed on the terminal and the prompt is returned to you. To use this option type on your terminal: - - $ findmnt --poll --first-only - -![findmnt poll first-only](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/findmnt-poll-first-only.png) - -### Imitating the command df output option ### - -The command findmnt can also be used to imitate the output you would get if you used the df command. You can achieve this by running the command findmnt with the **--df** option as shown the following example. - - $ findmnt --df - -or - - $ findmnt -D - -This will give an almost identical output if you had run the command **df** with the **-h** option. - - $ df -h - -![findmnt imitate df](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/findmnt-imitate-df.png) - -### Findmnt list option ### - -If you do not like the default tree output you can use the **--list** or **-l** option. This will print for you an output in a list format. - - $ findmnt --list - -Running this command will give you an output as follows: - -![findmnt list](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/findmnt-list.png) - -### Findmnt Evaluate Option ### - -The evaluate option will convert all tags for example LABEL, UUID, PARTUUID or PARTLABEL to the actual device name. This option can be combined with **--fstab** option to print all the filesystems in /etc/fstab. The **--fstab** option has its output in list format, and therefore there is no need to call the **--list** option when **--fstab** is used. - - $ findmnt --fstab --evaluate - -When the two options are combined as follows, the output will look like the example below: - -![findmnt fstab evaluate](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/findmnt-fstab-evaluate.png) - -### Findmnt type option ### - -This option allows you to limit the set of printed filesystems. Multiple filesystems can be specified and separated by a coma. In this example the command will search for ext4, ext3 and vfat filesystems. - - $ findmnt -t ext4,ext3,vfat - -![findmnt types](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/findmnt-types.png) - -### Conclusion ### - -You can try out the different options for findmnt depending on your needs. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/powerful-findmnt-command/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/ diff --git a/translated/tech/Linux findmnt Command To Find Mounted Filesystems.md b/translated/tech/Linux findmnt Command To Find Mounted Filesystems.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2c4fba0448 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/Linux findmnt Command To Find Mounted Filesystems.md @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +[zzlyzq translated] +Linux命令findmnt-寻找挂载的文件系统 +================================================================================ +命令findmnt用来查找在Linux下已经被挂载的文件系统。该命令会从/etc/fstab,/etc/mtab或者/proc/self/mountinfo中寻找特定的文件系统。 + +### 如何安装findmnt ### + +findmnt命令来自于util-linux-ng软件包，现在改名为util-linux。该软件包中还包括其他一些工具，比如hwclock。从kernel.org ftp页面安装findmnt[下载util-linux][1]。 + +### 如何在Fedora下安装findmnt ### + +Fedora用户可以通过下面的命令安装该软件包： + + $ sudo yum install util-linux-ng + +### Findmnt默认选项 ### + +如果没有提供特定的挂载点或者设备，该命令默认会列出所有已经被挂载的文件系统。 + + $ findmnt + +![findmnt default](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/findmnt-default.png) + +### Findmnt轮询模式 ### + +findmnt可以被用来监控/proc/self/mountinfo文件的变化。轮询模式可以通过下面的命令进行调用： + + $ findmnt -p + +或者 + + $ findmnt --poll + +/proc/self/mountinfo文件的任何变化会自动的在终端中进行更新。一开始你不会发现终端中的输出有任何变化，如果此时你拔掉闪存再插入，变化就会出现在终端中。 + +![findmnt poll](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/findmnt-poll.png) + +轮询模式的时间可以通过**--timeout**或者**--first-only**选项进行限制。 + + +### 超时选项 ### + +该选项可以与--pool一起使用来限制轮询模式的时间。**超时单位是毫秒**。超时后，findmnt不会再监控/proc/self/mountinfo文件的变化。 + + $ findmnt --poll --timeout 6000 + +![findmnt poll timeout](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/findmnt-poll-timeout.png) + +### First-only选项 ### + +first-only选项只会监控/proc/self/mountinfo文件的第一次变化，之后该命令退出轮询模式。第一次变化会出现在终端中，并且返回到提示符。使用此选项在终端中输入： + + $ findmnt --poll --first-only + +![findmnt poll first-only](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/findmnt-poll-first-only.png) + +### 模仿df输出的选项 ### + +findmnt命令也可以用来模仿df命令的输出。你可以参考如下的命令使用findmnt和选项**--df**。 + + $ findmnt --df + +或者 + + $ findmnt -D + +它会返回和**df -h**命令几乎相同的输出。 + + $ df -h + +![findmnt imitate df](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/findmnt-imitate-df.png) + +### Findmnt list选项 ### + +如果你不喜欢默认的树形输出，你可以使用**--list**或者**-l**选项。它会以列的形式进行输出。 + + $ findmnt --list + +执行此命令的输出如下： + +![findmnt list](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/findmnt-list.png) + +### Findmnt Evaluate 选项 ### + +求值选项会转换所有的标签(比如LABEL，UUID，PARTUUID或者PARTLABEL)成真实的设备名称。该选项可以结合**--fstab**选项来打印所有在/etc/fstab中包含的文件系统。**--fstab**选项的输出是列的形式，因此当使用**--fstab**的时候无需使用**--list**选项。 + + $ findmnt --fstab --evaluate + +当这两个选项像如下一样结合使用的时候，输出如下： + +![findmnt fstab evaluate](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/findmnt-fstab-evaluate.png) + +### Findmnt type 选项 ### + +该选项允许你限制打印出的文件系统。多个文件系统可以使用逗号分割进行指定。在这个实例中，该命令会搜索ext4,ext3和vfat文件系统。 + + $ findmnt -t ext4,ext3,vfat + +![findmnt types](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/findmnt-types.png) + +### 结论 ### +你可以按照你的需要尝试不同的findmnt选项。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/powerful-findmnt-command/ + +译者：[zzlyzq](https://github.com/zzlyzq) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/ From b4c6763de22a548b0c9fd77fde6a80978d8f78ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Frank Zhang Date: Thu, 15 May 2014 10:40:37 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 085/601] [translated] Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release --- ...Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md | 43 ------------------- ...Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md | 43 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 43 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md create mode 100644 translated/news/Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md diff --git a/sources/news/Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md b/sources/news/Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5ac3517ac8..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,43 +0,0 @@ -zpl1025 -Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release -================================================================================ -![LXQt with KWin. Other window managers can be used.](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/lxqt.jpg) - -**The first public release of LXQt, the next generation of popular lightweight Linux desktop environment LXDE, has been made available to download.** - -It arrives [almost a year][1] after the teams behind the LXDE Qt initiative and Razor-qt desktop projects decided to merge. By pooling resources to focus on a single desktop environment, instead of two, the team say they hope to “offer the best possible experience while reusing as much code as possible.” - -Ten months on and a number of core improvements have been made, both in the way the desktop works and in the feature set it offers. Today’s beta release, intended for early testers and developers, is already said to be ‘stable and useable’. - -### The Beginning of Something Beautiful ### - -The unified development team behind the project are continuing to focus on offering a lightweight and user-friendly alternative to the heavier and increasingly complex shells. LXQt will remain well suited to lower specced computers using a leaner, faster and modular codebase than that currently offered by the GTK-based LXDE. - -Several significant changes have bridged the previous formal release of Razor-qt (0.5.2) and today’s debut, including a Qt port of the PCManFM file manager, improvements to system settings, new modular components and on-going progress in supporting both Qt5 and the Wayland display protocol. - -Development of the GTK version of the shell will, the team say, continue for the foreseeable future. Those running Lubuntu 14.04 LTS certainly have no need to panic, with Lubuntu devs committed to providing three years of ongoing fixes. - -The team behind the Ubuntu spin have previously stated their intention to transition to the Qt-based desktop as early as Lubuntu 14.10. Whether this happens will be decided in the coming months. - -#### Trying it Out #### - -LXQt is in active development and so it is not recommended for use on any device you hold dear. - -The [Lubuntu Daily PPA][2] plays host to the required packages for LXQt, including a meta-package to simplify installation. - -A number of Qt dependencies will be pulled in as part of the installation process. Those wrestling with a particularly pathetic internet connection should plan accordingly. - -Source tarballs, install details for Arch and Debian users, and links to more information can be found on the newly launched website for the project. - -- [Visit the Official LXQt Project Website][3] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/next-gen-linux-desktop-lxqt-makes-first-public-release - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://blog.lxde.org/?p=1046 -[2]:https://launchpad.net/~lubuntu-dev/+archive/lubuntu-daily -[3]:http://lxqt.org/ diff --git a/translated/news/Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md b/translated/news/Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..feadd14da6 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +下一代Linux桌面系统LXQt首次公开发布 +================================================================================ +![LXQt with KWin. Other window managers can be used.](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/lxqt.jpg) + +**LXQt的首次公开发布版，下一代轻量级桌面环境LXDE，已经可以下载了。** + +这次版本发布几乎是在LXDE Qt计划和Razor-qt桌面项目决定合并的[一年][1]以后。通过集中资源到一个桌面环境中，而不是两个，这个团队说他们希望“通过尽量重用现有代码，来提供最好的体验”。 + + +通过10个月的努力，不管是桌面系统的工作方式和所提供的特性功能，都得到了大量重要改善。今天的这次beta版本，尽管主要是给早期测试人员和开发者，据说已经“稳定可用”了。 + +### 美好的开始 ### + +这个项目的开发团队还在继续关注提供一个轻量级以及用户友好的桌面环境，用来替代日渐沉重和复杂的系统。LXQt使用了比基于GTK的LXDE更精简，更快速和模块化的代码库，将非常适用于低配置的电脑。 + +今天的主角比之前正式发布的Razor-qt (0.5.2)有许多重要改变，包括集成了移植到Qt平台的PCManFM文件管理器，系统设定改善，新的模组，以及持续支持Qt5和Wayland显示协议。 + +团队成员说，基于GTK环境的开发在目前看来还会继续。那些运行Lubuntu 14.04 LTS系统的用户也不用担心，因为Lubuntu开发者已经保证会提供三年的持续维护。 + +Ubuntu开发团队早前声称他们将在Lubuntu 14.10版本中过渡到基于Qt的桌面，最终决定将在后面几个月中做出。 + +#### 试一下 #### + +LXQt还处于活跃开发中，所以并不推荐你在爱惜的设备上安装。 + +[Lubuntu Daily PPA][2]提供了LXQt所需要的安装包，包括一个统一包来简化安装。 + +在安装过程中会有大量Qt依赖包需要下载，那些网速不佳的同学请安排合适的时间段。 + +源码包，Arch和Debian用户的安装细节，以及更多信息，可以在项目新启用的网站上找到。 + +- [访问LXQt项目官方网站][3] +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/next-gen-linux-desktop-lxqt-makes-first-public-release + +译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://blog.lxde.org/?p=1046 +[2]:https://launchpad.net/~lubuntu-dev/+archive/lubuntu-daily +[3]:http://lxqt.org/ From 31487b48c93b5e2161d26e9c2ed212bcffbabd19 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Thu, 15 May 2014 14:10:27 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 086/601] Update 10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md --- sources/tech/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md b/sources/tech/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md index eb5c8ad0ea..fb6efadbcd 100644 --- a/sources/tech/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md +++ b/sources/tech/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +GOLinux Translating ... ! + 10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use! ================================================================================ From content management systems to simple tables, databases are a part of every development project nowadays. That is why developers lay so much emphasis on using the right kind of database tools. Here are some that may be of help to you! @@ -51,4 +53,4 @@ via: http://www.efytimes.com/e1/fullnews.asp?edid=138307 [5]:http://phpmoadmin.com/ [6]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/phpmsadmin/ [7]:http://rockmongo.com/ -[8]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/wizmysqadmin/ \ No newline at end of file +[8]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/wizmysqadmin/ From 8e576c2ff03db738ee3658e83177769aa6e55a88 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: linuhap Date: Thu, 15 May 2014 14:53:59 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 087/601] translated --- ...utpaces proprietary code for first time.md | 48 ------------------- ...utpaces proprietary code for first time.md | 47 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 47 insertions(+), 48 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/talk/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md create mode 100644 translated/talk/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md diff --git a/sources/talk/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md b/sources/talk/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md deleted file mode 100644 index ec0bf7ce08..0000000000 --- a/sources/talk/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,48 +0,0 @@ -linuhap翻译中 -Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time -================================================================================ -![](http://www.ciol.com/IMG/550/80550/synopsys-logo-370x264.jpg) - -**Coverity opens up access to free development testing service, allows anyone interested in open source software quality to view projects** - -Features | CIOL Bureau - -MOUNTAIN VIEW, USA: Coverity Inc., a Synopsys company released the 2013 Coverity Scan Open Source Report. - -The report details the analysis of 750 million lines of open source software code through the Coverity Scan service and commercial usage of the Coverity Development Testing Platform, the largest sample size that the report has studied to date. - -For the 2013 Coverity Scan Report, the company analyzed code from more than 700 open source C/C++ projects as well as an anonymous sample of enterprise projects. In addition, the report highlights analysis results from several popular, open source Java projects that have joined the Scan service since March 2013. - -The Coverity Scan Open Source Report has become a widely accepted standard for measuring the state of open source quality. During the past eight years, the Coverity Scan service has analyzed several hundreds of millions of lines of code from more than 1,500 open source projects - including C/C++ projects such as NetBSD, FreeBSD, LibreOffice and Linux, and Java projects such as Apache Hadoop, HBase and Cassandra. - -The Scan service has helped developers find and fix more than 94,000 defects since 2006. Nearly 50,000 defects were fixed in 2013 alone - the largest single number of defects fixed in a single year by Scan users. More than 11,000 of these defects were fixed by the four largest projects in the service: NetBSD, FreeBSD, LibreOffice and Linux. - -### Key findings in the 2013 report include: ### - -* Open source code quality surpasses proprietary code quality in C/C++ projects. Defect density (defects per 1,000 lines of software code) is a commonly used measurement for software quality, and a defect density of 1.0 is considered the accepted industry standard for good quality software. - -Coverity's analysis found an average defect density of .59 for open source C/C++ projects that leverage the Scan service, compared to an average defect density of .72 for proprietary C/C++ code developed for enterprise projects. In 2013, code quality of open source projects using the Scan service surpassed that of proprietary projects at all code base sizes, which further highlights the open source community's strong commitment to development testing. - -* Linux continues to be a benchmark for open source quality. By leveraging the Scan service, Linux has reduced the average time to fix a newly detected defect from 122 days to just 6 days. Since the original Coverity Scan Report in 2008, scanned versions of Linux have consistently achieved a defect density of less than 1.0. In 2013, Coverity scanned more than 8.5 million lines of Linux code and found a defect density of .61. - -* C/C++ developers fixed more high-impact defects. The Coverity analysis found that developers contributing to open source Java projects are not fixing as many high-impact defects as developers contributing to open source C/C++ projects. - -Java project developers participating in the Scan service only fixed 13 percent of the identified resource leaks, whereas participating C/C++ developers fixed 46 percent. This could be caused in part by a false sense of security within the Java programming community, due to protections built into the language, such as garbage collection. However, garbage collection can be unpredictable and cannot address system resources so these projects are at risk. - -* HBase serves as benchmark for Java projects. Coverity analyzed more than 8 million lines of code from 100 open source Java projects, including popular Big Data projects Apache Hadoop 2.3 (320,000 lines of code), Apache HBase (487,000 lines of code) and Apache Cassandra (345,000 lines of code). - -Since joining the Scan service in August 2013, Apache HBase - which is Hadoop's database - fixed more than 220 defects, including a much higher percentage of resource leaks compared to other Java projects in the Scan service (i.e., 66 percent for HBase compared to 13 percent on average for other projects). - -"If software is eating the world, then open source software is leading the charge," said Zack Samocha, senior director of products for Coverity. "Our objective with the Coverity Scan service is to help the open source community create high-quality software. Based on the results of this report - as well as the increasing popularity of the service - open source software projects that leverage development testing continue to increase the quality of their software, such that they have raised the bar for the entire industry." - -Coverity also announced today that it has opened up access to the Coverity Scan service, allowing anyone interested in open source software to view the progress of participating projects. Individuals can now become Project Observers, which enables them to track the state of relevant open source projects in the Scan service and view high-level data including the count of outstanding defects, fixed defects and defect density. - -"We've seen an exponential increase in the number of people who have asked to join the Coverity Scan service, simply to monitor the defects being found and fixed. In many cases, these people work for large enterprise organizations that utilize open source software within their commercial projects," added Samocha. "By opening up the Scan service to these individuals, we are now enabling a new level of visibility into the code quality of the open source projects, which they are including in their software supply chain." - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.ciol.com/ciol/features/213112/coverity-scan-report-source-software-quality-outpaces-proprietary-code/page/1 - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 diff --git a/translated/talk/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md b/translated/talk/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..53f239f625 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/talk/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +Coverity扫描报告首次发现开源软件质量超过专有软件 +================================================================================ +![](http://www.ciol.com/IMG/550/80550/synopsys-logo-370x264.jpg) + +**Coverity开启了免费开发服务，允许任何对开源软件质量感兴趣的人查看项目** + +特点 | CIOL Bureau + +来自美国山景城（加州）的消息：Coverity公司（新思科技公司的一个子公司）发布了2013年Coverity扫描开源软件报告。 + +经过Coverity扫描服务以及按照Coverity开发测试平台的商业惯例，报告中详细说明了关于7.5亿行开源软件代码的分析，这是至今报告研究的最大的样本量。 + +在2013年Coverity扫描报告中，他们分析了超过700个C/C++开源项目和一个匿名的企业项目的样本。另外，报告中还强调了几个流行的开源Java项目的分析结果，这些项目从2013年3月就加入了扫描服务。 + +Coverity扫描开源项目报告成为了一个衡量开放源代码质量状态的广泛接受的标准。在过去8年时间里，Coverity扫描服务分析了超过1500个开源项目的数亿行代码——其中包括的C/C++项目中有NetBSD, FreeBSD，LibreOffice和Linux等，Java项目中有Apache Hadoop，HBase以及Cassandra等。 + +自2006年已来，扫描服务帮助开发者发现和修复了超过94,000缺陷。近50,000缺陷是仅在2013年一年修复的——这是扫描服务的用户在一年中修复缺陷的最大数量。在这些缺陷中，其中有超过11,000的缺陷修复于服务中四个最大的项目：NetBSD，FreeBSD，LibreOffice和Linux。 + +### 2013年报告中关键发现包括： ### + +* C/C++项目中开源软件代码质量超过专有软件。缺陷密度（每1,000行软件代码所含的缺陷）是一个通用的测量软件质量的方法，缺陷密度1.0被认为是高质量软件的公认的行业标准。 + +Coverity的分析中发现，扫描服务中的开源的C/C++项目的平均缺陷密度为 .59，而为企业项目开发的专有C/C++代码的缺陷密度为 .72。在2013年，在所有不同大小的代码库中，扫描服务中的开源项目的代码质量超过专有项目，这进一步强调了开源社区开发测试的坚定的承诺。 + +* Linux继续成为开源质量的基准。通过利用扫描服务，Linux将修复一个新发现的缺陷的时间从122天减少到仅6天。从2008年第一个Coverity扫描报告发布后，扫描过的Linux版本的缺陷密度一直小于1.0。在2013年，Coverity扫描了超过850万行Linux代码并发现缺陷密度为 .61。 + +* C/C++开发者修复了更多的高风险缺陷。Coverity分析报告发现贡献于开源Java项目的开发者修复的高风险缺陷的数量没有贡献于开源C/C++项目的开发者修复的多。 + +参加扫描服务的Java项目开发者只修复了百分之13的经鉴定的资源泄露，而C/C++项目开发者修复了百分之46。这一方面可能是因为Java编程社区错误的安全感的原因，这种安全感是因为内建于语言的保护，比如垃圾收集。然而，垃圾收集不可预测的而且不能访问系统资源，所以这些项目处于危险之中。 + +* HBase是Java项目的基准。 Coverity分析了100个开源Java项目的超过800万行代码，包括流行的大数据项目Apache Hadoop 2.3 (320,000 行代码)和Apache Cassandra (345,000 行代码)。 + +自从在2013年8月加入扫描服务以来，Apache HBase——Hadoop的数据库——修复了超过220个缺陷，其中包括比其他参加扫描服务Java项目更高比例的资源泄露（HBase的缺陷中资源泄露占的比例为66%，而其他项目平均为13%）。 + +“如果说软件正在吞食世界，那么开源软件则是带头冲锋，”Coverity的产品高级总监Zack Samocha说，“我们的目标，包括Coverity扫描服务在内是帮助开源软件社区创作高质量的软件。基于这个报告的结果——以及这个日益流行的服务——使用开发测试的开源软件项目继续提升他们软件的质量，这让他们使整个行业更上一层楼。” + +Coverity今天也宣布已经开放了Coverity扫描服务，允许任何对开源软件感兴趣的人查看参与项目的进展。个人现在可以成为项目观察者，这使他们可以跟踪扫描服务中相关开源软件的状态，查看高级数据包括未解决和已修复的缺陷的数目以及缺陷密度。 + +“我们看到了请求扫描服务的人数的指数增长，他们仅仅是要监控被发现和被修复的缺陷。在许多情况下，这些人工作于大型的企业组织，那些企业组织在商业项目中使用开源软件，”Samocha补充说。“通过对个人开放扫描服务，我们提升了查看开源项目代码质量的新的可见度，他们的软件供应链中正包含这些项目。” + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.ciol.com/ciol/features/213112/coverity-scan-report-source-software-quality-outpaces-proprietary-code/page/1 + +译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 54e9b7b41e6c1898a384ae1b5db0a0997b68570e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Thu, 15 May 2014 15:42:43 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 088/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140515-1=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...nly Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md | 23 ++++++++++++++++ ...pose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md | 27 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 50 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md create mode 100644 sources/news/Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md diff --git a/sources/news/Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md b/sources/news/Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a06d742db2 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On +================================================================================ +![Linux Mint 17](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Linux-Mint-Will-Only-Used-Ubuntu-LTS-Releases-From-Now-On-442225-2.jpg) + +**The new Linux Mint 17 “Qiana” Release Candidate is out and it’s based on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. The interesting fact is that the next few versions will also use the same release as a base.** + +The Linux Mint developers have decided to use only Ubuntu LTS releases, which means that through the next couple of years all the new Mint versions will be based on the same operating system. + +“The decision was made to stick to LTS bases. In other words the development team will be focused on the very same package base used by Linux Mint 17 for the next 2 years. It will also be trivial to upgrade from version 17 to 17.1, then 17.2 and so on.” + +“Important applications will be backported and we expect this change to boost the pace of our development and reduce the amount of regressions in each new Linux Mint release,” said Clement Lefebvre on the Linux Mint [blog][1]. + +This not exactly surprising, but it means that Linux Mint will become a distribution that is much more oriented towards stability. It also means that it will benefit from the same extended support as Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, until 2019. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Linux-Mint-Will-Only-Used-Ubuntu-LTS-Releases-From-Now-On-442225.shtml + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=2613 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/news/Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md b/sources/news/Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b18665d685 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8 +================================================================================ +![Current Unity 7 desktop in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-Developers-Propose-a-New-Flavor-Based-Only-on-Unity-8-442262-2.jpg) + +**Ubuntu developers have proposed to make a new flavor built solely with the Unity 8 environment that would help them freely experiment without having to worry about the stable part of the operating system.** + +Users can now install a preview of the Unity 8 desktop environment in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS and run it there if they meet certain requirements. For now, the new desktop will not work with proprietary drivers because it also relies on Mir, which is not yet supported officially by NVIDIA and AMD. + +In any case, having a new Ubuntu flavor would greatly help developers test their ideas in a fresh ecosystem that is easy to run from a USB stick and that already features most of the ported applications. + +“The desktop team would like to add a new flavour (ish, we don't plan to have any formal releases at this point) of Ubuntu which contains the Unity 8 desktop and the new applications which have been developed for the touch project. The initial intention is to provide a product which developers can use to figure out the work that's required to make a desktop product based on this software usable, and to create a space for experimentation to figure out the best ways of carrying out the required integration.” + +“We still plan to migrate pieces of the current desktop over, but we are very mindful of the need to not destabilise the desktop and upset its users, and are hopeful that developing this flavour in parallel will mean that migrations will truly happen when software is ready instead of as a result of pressure to get work into the hands of users early,” said Ubuntu developer Iain Lane. + +Ubuntu 14.04 LTS is now using Unity 7 and it will probably remain in place as default at least for the next Ubuntu 14.10. The goal of the Ubuntu developers is to make Unity 8 and Mir default by Ubuntu 16.04, which is the next LTS, but if things progress smoothly, we might get to see a better implementation sooner than that. + +It's unclear what the name of this new flavor would be, but if the proposition goes through, we might get an ISO in the next few months. This would make it easier for users to test the Unity 8 and get a feel for it before it becomes default. + +When Canonical replaced the old GNOME 2 with Unity, the shock of the switch was so great that even today it's being mentioned from time to time in the community. Having a dedicated Unity 8 flavor might alleviate some of those problems. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-Developers-Propose-a-New-Flavor-Based-Only-on-Unity-8-442262.shtml + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file From d89a0d2c17a436c661e8be2c1da49325ee51e8c7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Thu, 15 May 2014 15:51:10 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 089/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140515-2=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...pen Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md | 63 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 63 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/What Heartbleed Teaches Us--Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md diff --git a/sources/talk/What Heartbleed Teaches Us--Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md b/sources/talk/What Heartbleed Teaches Us--Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8d4c6cc64b --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/What Heartbleed Teaches Us--Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +What Heartbleed Teaches Us: Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User +================================================================================ +![](http://readwrite.com/files/styles/1400_0/public/fields/heart-shaped-hole-heartbleed.jpg) + +> If your company depends on open-source software like OpenSSL, it's time to be proactive. + +The open-source community has officially donned its Heartbleed hairshirt. + +ComputerWorld's Richi Jennings [slammed][1] "another horrible, horrible open source FAIL." (Trolling for page views much?) ZDNet's Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols, not prone to anti-open source histrionics, still [manages to call][2] Heartbleed "Open source's worst hour." Finally, ZDNet's Chris Duckett pragmatically [pleads][3] for "corporate funding to avoid Heartbleed repeat." + +While a nice start, corporate funding isn't ultimately the answer to Heartbleed. You are. + +Companies that want to avoid open source failings should move from being mere users of open-source software and contribute instead. + +### Contributors Ride First Class ### + +Contributors get to help steer particular projects. They get to act, rather than be acted upon. Most companies lack the resources to get involved in every open-source project that they use, but every company can invest in those projects that truly matter to them. And the more they invest, the greater their benefits. + +Open source is the gift that keeps on giving—particularly to those who give back. + +My MongoDB colleague [Adam Comerford makes this point][4] persuasively: If you look at the [timeline][5] of who knew about Heartbleed first, those who learned of it first (like Google) had a considerable advantage. As Comerford argues, these companies "had a significant advantage" as "[t]hey were able to take the necessary steps to protect their systems while the bug was largely unknown." + +Given the advantages of knowing early about problems like Heartbleed, Comerford asks, "How do I make sure that I am on the early notification list for such issues?" + +If you're dependent on proprietary software, you have one answer: Pay the vendor lots of money and hope it responds appropriately. But if you're using open-source software, the options expand: "Either have a significant number of employees contributing to [the open-source project], or...have employees that know the main contributors well (and let’s face it, most of them will be contributing to other OSS projects—geeks and nerds gossip just like everyone else)." + +The benefits don't stop there, as Comerford avers: + +> There are many benefits to this – besides getting early notification of issues, you would have an expert on hand to answer those screaming for updates, to evaluate your exposure and perhaps even fix the issue internally before the public fix is available. You also get a respected voice in terms of setting the direction of the project, have a way to prioritize key features and more. Finally, you get the good will of the community, help make the product better for everyone, and become a possible destination for other smart contributors to work. + +In other words, get involved. Membership has its privileges, and the primary privilege may well be information. + +### Choosing Where To Contribute ### + +Again, no company has the resources to effectively contribute to all the projects it uses, which is why Comerford suggests honing in on the critical projects in this way: + +> If you start by asking people to list all of the OSS technology that is critical to the business, you will likely end up with a massive list. Now tell them that they are going to have to commit headcount, budget to support every piece of technology on the list (and justify it) – it will likely shrink rapidly. + +If you're a chip company like AMD, contributing essential drivers and other code to the Linux kernel is likely mandatory. Contributing to LibreOffice probably is not. Or, if you're betting your future on Hadoop for deep data analytics, you should be contributing to Hadoop, even if you elect to free-ride on the OpenSSL community. And if you're Dish Networks, whose [CIO told the Open Business Conference crowd][6] last week that it's shifting important workloads off relational databases to Apache Kafka, it had better be investing code in Kafka, even if it doesn't contribute to the Apache HTTP server project. + +Every company has its priorities, and those priorities should be substantiated with serious commitments to open source. + +This is partly a way to ensure security in those projects. And partly it's a way to influence direction. But also, as Red Hat CEO [Jim Whitehurst declared][7] back in 2008, it's a way to reduce incredibly wasteful IT spending: + +> The vast majority of software written today is written in enterprise and not for resale. And the vast majority of that is never actually used. The waste in IT software development is extraordinary....Ultimately, for open source to provide value to all of our customers worldwide, we need to get our customers not only as users of open source products but truly engaged in open source and taking part in the development community. + +Comerford insists, "If I am using open source software that is critical to my business, I should be employing people that actively contribute to that software, that are known to the core developers, if not core developers themselves." This is the key to making the most of open-source software: Contribute to it, don't just use it. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://readwrite.com/2014/05/14/heartbleed-open-source-contribution-users + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://blogs.computerworld.com/encryption/23767/heartbleed-openssl-open-source-fail +[2]:http://www.zdnet.com/heartbleed-open-sources-worst-hour-7000028420/ +[3]:http://www.zdnet.com/openssl-needs-corporate-funding-to-avoid-heartbleed-repeat-7000028385/ +[4]:http://comerford.cc/wordpress/2014/04/15/my-conclusion-heartbleed-timeline/ +[5]:http://www.smh.com.au/it-pro/security-it/heartbleed-disclosure-timeline-who-knew-what-and-when-20140415-zqurk.html +[6]:http://blogs.wsj.com/cio/2014/05/06/dish-looks-to-open-source-software-after-database-failure/ +[7]:http://www.cnet.com/news/red-hat-solve-enterprise-waste-through-open-source/ \ No newline at end of file From ac9e0e3b7782d7c50804124065ba6880aeb24043 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: liushui <15980936990@163.com> Date: Thu, 15 May 2014 16:09:52 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 090/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140515-3=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../tech/Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md b/sources/tech/Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md index d14b8dd4db..5bfad20330 100644 --- a/sources/tech/Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md +++ b/sources/tech/Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +liushui312 translating Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17 ================================================================================ Spotify is the most popular streaming music service these days. While you can listen it via its web interface, you can also install a desktop client of Spotify in Linux. This gives you some additional features such as listening to local music in Spotify, sync local music to Spotify server or sync local music to iPhone, iPod or other mobile devices. @@ -33,4 +34,4 @@ via: http://itsfoss.com/install-spotify-ubuntu-1404/ 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 -[1]:http://itsfoss.com/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-14-04/ \ No newline at end of file +[1]:http://itsfoss.com/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-14-04/ From 8ed870450d3760bfa984dece0d67d122257ca24c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Thu, 15 May 2014 16:32:32 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 091/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140515-3=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ty 8 Desktop' Flavor to Aid Development.md | 45 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 45 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/Ubuntu Devs Propose Creating Separate 'Unity 8 Desktop' Flavor to Aid Development.md diff --git a/sources/news/Ubuntu Devs Propose Creating Separate 'Unity 8 Desktop' Flavor to Aid Development.md b/sources/news/Ubuntu Devs Propose Creating Separate 'Unity 8 Desktop' Flavor to Aid Development.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..288940a82a --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/Ubuntu Devs Propose Creating Separate 'Unity 8 Desktop' Flavor to Aid Development.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +Ubuntu Devs Propose Creating Separate ‘Unity 8 Desktop’ Flavor to Aid Development +================================================================================ +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/1.jpg) + +**The creation of a new Ubuntu flavour based on Unity 8 has been put forward by the Ubuntu Desktop Team.** + +Developer Iain Lane, who outlined the proposal on the team’s mailing list, says the addition of such a spin would allow developers and enthusiasts alike ‘to figure out the work that’s required to make a desktop product based on th[e] software usable’. + +Lane writes: + +> “The desktop team would like to add a new flavour (we don’t plan to have any formal releases at this point) of Ubuntu which contains the Unity 8 desktop and the new applications which have been developed for the touch project. +> The initial intention is to provide a product which developers can use to figure out the work that’s required to make a desktop product based on this software usable, and to create a space for experimentation to figure out the best ways of carrying out the required integration.” + +### ‘Default by Ubuntu 16.04’ ### + +The potential boons for an experimental distro at this juncture are evident. + +Canonical aims to reuse the same code from the phone and tablet versions of Ubuntu on the PC, albeit with a more traditional desktop guise, as part of their drive towards ‘convergence’. + +But with Unity 8 still under active development on both phone and tablet form factors — both of which have hardware releases looming — it’s understandable that major progress on shaping the PC face has been fairly slow. + +> ‘The boon of testing images of Unity 8 for regular PCs seems an astute proposal’ + +Ubuntu 14.04 LTS offers developers the chance to toy with a snapshot of tablet work through an installable Unity 8 desktop session that can be installed alongside the incumbent version, albeit with a few caveats. + +In creating a dedicated Unity 8 desktop image many of the limitations of the installable session would be alleviated. Not only would a live session make testing more accessible through a live USB or CD, but should also allow a wider range of experimentation and testing free from the pressures of affecting regular desktop users. + +A [blueprint][1] for the project says that the image (.iso) of the new spin ‘should become the default one by 16.04.’ + +With most engineering effort still being put toward bringing the mobile iterations up to spec, the current Compiz-based version (Unity 7, described as ‘in maintenance’ by developer) is likely to remain default on the desktop builds for the foreseeable future. + +Transitioning over to Unity 8 on the desktop also depends on timeframes for Mir, Canonical’s in-house display server/display protocol. With [optimistic forecasts on its desktop debut long since ceded to reality][2], more definite plans remain largely ambiguous or unannounced. There, work on supporting traditional desktop workflows in Mir – such as handling window compositing, task switching and multi-monitor setups – remains in the early stages, making the benefit of testing images for regular PCs seem, again, a rather astute proposal. + +How best to handle “click packages” (these are the custom runtime framework Unity 8/Mir apps use); whether resources to support ‘another flavour’ are available; and what name such a project should use are among the questions up for discussion. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/ubuntu-unity-8-desktop-flavour-discussed + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://blueprints.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+spec/client-1410-unity8-desktop-iso +[2]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/03/mir-default-display-server-ubuntu-2016 \ No newline at end of file From e3149b6c6d75ef065c248af0bd69e5937935b31f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: carolinewuyan <309866211@qq.com> Date: Thu, 15 May 2014 16:40:49 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 092/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B7=B2=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md | 14 +++++++------- 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md b/translated/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md index 58dd30dbb6..c484cfcedc 100644 --- a/translated/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md +++ b/translated/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md @@ -1,16 +1,16 @@ -每日Ubuntu 小技巧 － 以色辨夹 +每日 Ubuntu 小技巧——以色辨夹 ================================================================================ -这篇简短的文章将教会你如何在Ubuntu 14.04或者其先前版本中通过使用美化工具实现以颜色来分辨文件夹。这个工具就是**Folder Color**,它允许用户改变文件浏览器中的文件夹的颜色，这样就可以让用户很容易地识别并区分出它们来。 +这篇简短的文章将教会你如何在Ubuntu 14.04或者其先前版本中使用美化工具来实现通过颜色分辨文件夹。这个工具就是**Folder Color**,它允许用户改变 Nautilus 文件浏览器中文件夹的颜色，这样就可以让用户很容易地识别并区分它们。 -这个工具的开发者设计的初衷是与Nautilus配合使用，其实它也可以与Ubuntu上其它的图标主题配合使用。这是一个很好的工具，比较小不会影响你的系统的性能。 +这个工具的开发者设计初衷是与 Nautilus 配合使用，其实它也可以与Ubuntu上其它的图标主题配合使用。这是一个很好的工具，轻量级，不会影响你的系统的性能。 这个软件安装起来方便，让下面这个简短的教程告诉你如何做吧。 -假如你想将重要的文件夹变成红色的，或者将文档文件夹变为黄色，你可以用Folder Color轻松地改变它们的颜色。 +假如你想将重要的文件夹设置成红色的，或者将文档文件夹设置为黄色，你可以用Folder Color轻松地更改它们的颜色。 -教你来安装这个工具。 +接下来教你来安装这个工具。 在Ubuntu 中**Ctrl - Alt - T**打开终端。添加下面的PPA源。 @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install folder-color -这样安装就可以了。现在你要做的就是注销登录然后再次登入系统或者重新启动Nautilus 。打开Nautilus ，在你想改变的颜色的文件夹上右键单击选择你想要的颜色。预先定义的颜色可能无法满足你的需要，但是对于大多数用户来说这足够了。 +这样安装就可以了。现在你要做的就是注销登录然后再次登入系统或者重新启动Nautilus 。打开Nautilus，在你想改变颜色的文件夹上右键单击选择你想要的颜色。这些是预先定义的颜色，或许无法满足你的需要，但是对于大多数用户来说这足够了。 如果你想卸载它，运行下面的命令移除PPA源。 @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2014/04/daily-ubuntu-tips-identify-folders-by-colors-in-ubuntu/ -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/Linchenguang) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[Linchenguang](https://github.com/Linchenguang) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 6e30e21b4231ae554155ce36946f8b97d8a2772c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: liushui <15980936990@163.com> Date: Thu, 15 May 2014 17:10:04 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 093/601] liushui312 translated --- ...Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md | 37 ------------------- ...Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md | 36 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md diff --git a/sources/tech/Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md b/sources/tech/Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5bfad20330..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,37 +0,0 @@ -liushui312 translating -Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17 -================================================================================ -Spotify is the most popular streaming music service these days. While you can listen it via its web interface, you can also install a desktop client of Spotify in Linux. This gives you some additional features such as listening to local music in Spotify, sync local music to Spotify server or sync local music to iPhone, iPod or other mobile devices. - -In this quick post, we shall see how to quickly **install Spotify in Ubuntu 14.04** and other Debian based distributions such as Linux Mint, Elementary OS, Bodhi etc. - -### Install Spotify in Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint ### - -To install desktop client of Spotufy, open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and use the following commands: - - sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://repository.spotify.com stable non-free" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/spotify.list' - -This will add the above repository in software sources list. Now add the GPG key: - - sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 94558F59 - -Next is simple. Update and install Spotify client. - - sudo apt-get update - sudo apt-get install spotify-client - -That’s all you need to do. Next you can start Spotify by searching for it Unity Dash (in Ubuntu). It integrates very well in Ubuntu environment. Here is what Spotify interface looks like in Ubuntu 14.04: - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Spotify_Ubuntu_Linux.jpeg) - -I hope this quick post helped you to install Spotify desktop client in Ubuntu and other Linux OS. I think this could be counted as one of the first [few things to do after installing Ubuntu 14.04][1]. How do you find it? Do you use any other service similar to Spotify? Do share your views. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://itsfoss.com/install-spotify-ubuntu-1404/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://itsfoss.com/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-14-04/ diff --git a/translated/tech/Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md b/translated/tech/Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2307c06b49 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +在Ubuntu 14.04 和 Linux Mint 17 中安装 Spotify +================================================================================ +Spotify 是一个现今非常流行的流媒体音乐服务。不仅可以在网页上访问其服务，而且可以在 linux 中安装其桌面客户端。这个客户端增加了额外的功能，比如监听本地音乐和同步本地音乐到Spotify 服务器、iPhone 、iPod等其它移动设备。 + +在本文将讨论如何快速 **在 Ubuntu 14.04 安装 Spotify ** 以及其它基于 Debian 的发行版，如 Linux Mint, Elementary OS, Bodhi 等等。 + +### 在Ubuntu 14.04 和 Linux Mint 17 中安装 Spotify ### + +现在开始安装 Spotify 桌面客户端，打开一个终端(Ctrl+Alt+T) 使用如下命令： + + sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://repository.spotify.com stable non-free" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/spotify.list' + +这行命令将增加上述仓库到软件的源列表，然后增加 GPG Key: + + sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 94558F59 + +下一步比较简单。更新和安装 Spotify 客户端： + + sudo apt-get update + sudo apt-get install spotify-client + +这样就安装完成了。现在可以在Unity Dash (ubuntu 中) 上通过搜索Spotify 来启动它。在 Ubuntu 环境下，Spotify 客户端整合的非常好。这是 Spotify 在 Ubuntu 14.04 下的界面： + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Spotify_Ubuntu_Linux.jpeg) + +我希望本文能帮助你在 Ubuntu 和其它 Linux OS 下安装 Spotify 客户端。 我想这可以算作在 [安装 Ubuntu 14.04 之后需要做的事情][1]。 中的第一件。如何发现它呢? 使用过其它类似 Spotify 的服务吗? 一起来分享你的观点吧。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://itsfoss.com/install-spotify-ubuntu-1404/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://itsfoss.com/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-14-04/ From ccbd288dd630453f4a53e0d75eb0a5b33d017f81 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: carolinewuyan <309866211@qq.com> Date: Thu, 15 May 2014 17:43:00 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 094/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B7=B2=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...o Disable Unity .04 LTS And Older Versions.md | 16 ++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/How To Disable Unity .04 LTS And Older Versions.md b/translated/tech/How To Disable Unity .04 LTS And Older Versions.md index d53ade54e1..775b97857e 100644 --- a/translated/tech/How To Disable Unity .04 LTS And Older Versions.md +++ b/translated/tech/How To Disable Unity .04 LTS And Older Versions.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ -如何禁用Ubuntu 14.04 LTS和旧版本上的Unity在线搜索功能 +如何禁用 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 和旧版本上的 Unity 在线搜索功能 ================================================================================ -无论何时，你开始在Unity Dash中搜索计算机中的应用程序或文件，你的搜索条件将被自动发送给第三方，如亚马逊，并且第三方将依据您的搜索条件显示相关结果（主要是广告）。如果你不喜欢这个功能，感觉真的很讨厌，你可以禁用它。 +无论何时，你开始在 Unity Dash 搜索计算机中的应用程序或文件时，你的检索词将被自动发送给第三方，如亚马逊，并且第三方将依据您的搜索词显示相关结果（主要是广告）。如果你不喜欢这个功能，感觉真的打扰到你，你可以禁用它。 -例如，当我在Unity Dash中输入“Terminal”时，将显示“Terminal”应用和web上的其他第三方的东东（我不想要的）。 +例如，当我在 Unity Dash 中输入 “Terminal” 时，将显示 “Terminal” 应用和 web 上其他第三方的东东（我不想要这些）。 ![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Menu_019.png) -正如上面的截图所见，Unity显示内置的**Terminal**应用、引用链接、天气链接和其他第三方的推荐，如电影等。这是非常恼人的并且在Unity Dash上看起来很糟。同时，它显示了太多的搜索结果，并使我迷惑。 +正如上面的截图所见，Unity显示内置的 **Terminal** 应用、引用链接、天气链接和其他第三方的推荐，如电影等。这是非常恼人的并且在 Unity Dash 上看起来很糟。同时，它显示了太多的搜索结果，并使我迷惑。 如果你像我一样不需要这个功能，在你的终端输入以下命令： @@ -60,11 +60,11 @@ echo "All done. Enjoy your privacy." fi -再次，我进入了Unity dash的终端。现在Unity只显示终端应用，而不是无用的垃圾，现在Unity Dash看起来还不错。 +再次，我进入到 Unity dash 的终端。现在 Unity 只显示终端应用，而不是无用的垃圾，现在 Unity Dash 看起来还不错。 ![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Menu_020.png) -全都做完了，享受你的隐私。 +全部搞定，享受你的个人隐私吧。 欢呼~! @@ -76,8 +76,8 @@ Source & Reference: [Fixubuntu][1] via: http://www.unixmen.com/disable-unity-online-search-feature-ubuntu-14-04-lts-older-versions/ -译者：[tenght](https://github.com/tenght) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[tenght](https://github.com/tenght) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 -[1]:https://fixubuntu.com/ \ No newline at end of file +[1]:https://fixubuntu.com/ From 8d07abf5866ccc623fec5006a56ab9fcf4b9a84c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Thu, 15 May 2014 19:38:22 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 095/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AHow=20to=20m?= =?UTF-8?q?onitor=20a=20Linux=20server=20and=20desktop=20remotely=20from?= =?UTF-8?q?=20web=20browser?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...r and desktop remotely from web browser.md | 32 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/How to monitor a Linux server and desktop remotely from web browser.md (80%) diff --git a/translated/tech/How to monitor a Linux server and desktop remotely from web browser.md b/published/How to monitor a Linux server and desktop remotely from web browser.md similarity index 80% rename from translated/tech/How to monitor a Linux server and desktop remotely from web browser.md rename to published/How to monitor a Linux server and desktop remotely from web browser.md index ce36f31dbb..39f7477cb5 100644 --- a/translated/tech/How to monitor a Linux server and desktop remotely from web browser.md +++ b/published/How to monitor a Linux server and desktop remotely from web browser.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ 如何从Web浏览器远程监视Linux服务器和桌面 ================================================================================ -当你要监视一台Linux机器时，你会有很多的选择。虽然这里有很多产品质量监控方案(比如 Nagios、 Zabbix、 Zenoss)，它们拥有华丽的UI，可扩展监控，易于理解的报告等等，这些方案对于大多数终端用户都过于强大了。如果你只需检查Linux服务器或桌面的基本状态（比如，CPU负载、内存使用、活跃进程），就请考虑一下[linux-dash][1] +当你要监视一台Linux机器时，你会有很多的选择。虽然现在有很多产品质量监控方案(比如 Nagios、 Zabbix、 Zenoss)，它们拥有华丽的UI，可扩展监控，易于理解的报告等等，这些方案对于大多数终端用户都太过于强大了。如果你只需检查Linux服务器或桌面的基本状态（比如，CPU负载、内存使用、活跃进程），就请考虑一下[linux-dash][1]。 -linux-dash是一款面向Linux机器的基于web的轻量级监控面板，可以事实显示不同的系统属性，比如CPU负载、内存使用、磁盘使用、网络速度、网络连接、RX/TX带宽、登陆用户、运行中的进程等等。linux-dash没有后端数据库库来存储长期统计。在任何已有web服务器(如Apache、Nginx)上运行linux-dash，你就可以用了。这是一个快速又简单的方法来对个人项目进行远程监控。 +linux-dash是一款面向Linux机器的基于web的轻量级监控面板，可以实时显示不同的系统属性，比如CPU负载、内存使用、磁盘使用、网络速度、网络连接、上下行带宽、登录用户、运行中的进程等等。linux-dash没有后端数据库库来存储长期统计。在任何已有的web服务器(如Apache、Nginx)上运行linux-dash，你就可以用了。这是一个快速又简单的方法来对个人项目进行远程监控。 -在这篇教程中，我会描述**如何在Linux的Nginx web服务器上设置linux-dash**。Nginx在这里比Apache更好因为它更轻量。 +在这篇教程中，我会描述**如何在Linux的Nginx web服务器上设置linux-dash**。这里用Nginx，而不是Apache，是因为它更轻量。 ### 在Debian、Ubuntu或者Linux Mint上设置linux-dash ### @@ -55,15 +55,14 @@ linux-dash是一款面向Linux机器的基于web的轻量级监控面板，可 $ sudo rm /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default -编辑/etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf来配置php-fpm。确保按如下编辑"user", "group" 和 "listen"指令。你可以不改变剩下的配置。 +编辑`/etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf`来配置php-fpm。确保按如下编辑"user", "group" 和 "listen"指令。你可以不改变剩下的配置。 $ sudo vi /etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf -> . . . -> user = www-data -> group = www-data -> listen = /var/run/php5-fpm.sock -> . . . + user = www-data + group = www-data + listen = /var/run/php5-fpm.sock + 开始下载并安装linux-dash。 @@ -123,15 +122,14 @@ linux-dash是一款面向Linux机器的基于web的轻量级监控面板，可 } } -接下来，编辑/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf来配置php-fpm。在这个文件中，确保按如下编辑"user", "group" 和 "listen"字段。你可以不改变剩下的配置。 +接下来，编辑`/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf`来配置php-fpm。在这个文件中，确保按如下编辑"user", "group" 和 "listen"字段。你可以不改变剩下的配置。 $ sudo vi /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf -> . . . -> listen = /var/run/php-fpm.sock -> user = nginx -> group = nginx -> . . . + listen = /var/run/php-fpm.sock + user = nginx + group = nginx + 在/var/wwwx下载并安装linux-dash。 @@ -150,7 +148,7 @@ linux-dash是一款面向Linux机器的基于web的轻量级监控面板，可 ### 用linux-dash监视Linux机器 ### -要在web浏览器上访问linux-dash，只需在web浏览器中输入http://:8080/linux-dash/ +要在web浏览器上访问linux-dash，只需在web浏览器中输入http://\:8080/linux-dash/ 下面是linux-dash的截图。web面板包含了几个小部件，每个都会显示特性的系统参数。你可以通过重安排并且/或者关闭一些小部件来自定义web面板的外观。[这里][3]是一个linux-dash创建者的演示站点。 @@ -163,7 +161,7 @@ linux-dash是一款面向Linux机器的基于web的轻量级监控面板，可 via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/monitor-linux-server-desktop-remotely-web-browser.html -译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 6c375a2efc9e4f851255fda00ca0073094235af5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: linuhap Date: Thu, 15 May 2014 21:53:39 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 096/601] translating --- ... Developer Switches to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/Limit Theory Developer Switches to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md b/sources/news/Limit Theory Developer Switches to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md index f99b9d6de2..21539751fa 100644 --- a/sources/news/Limit Theory Developer Switches to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md +++ b/sources/news/Limit Theory Developer Switches to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +linuhap 翻译中 Limit Theory Developer Switches to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Limit-Theory-Developer-Switches-to-Linux-Because-Windows-is-Annoying-441642-3.jpg) @@ -30,4 +31,4 @@ via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Limit-Theory-Developer-Switches-to-Linux-Bec 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 -[1]:http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/blogs/browse/2014/05/linux-video-week-limit-theory-game-developer-switches-linux \ No newline at end of file +[1]:http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/blogs/browse/2014/05/linux-video-week-limit-theory-game-developer-switches-linux From 6a6b77163148cec29305628e69c92da1e3802c7e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Thu, 15 May 2014 22:24:11 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 097/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AEasy=20Ardui?= =?UTF-8?q?no--Two=20Projects=20To=20Help=20You=20Get=20Started?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...o--Two Projects To Help You Get Started.md | 87 ++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 46 insertions(+), 41 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/Easy Arduino--Two Projects To Help You Get Started.md (50%) diff --git a/translated/tech/Easy Arduino--Two Projects To Help You Get Started.md b/published/Easy Arduino--Two Projects To Help You Get Started.md similarity index 50% rename from translated/tech/Easy Arduino--Two Projects To Help You Get Started.md rename to published/Easy Arduino--Two Projects To Help You Get Started.md index bca0bc3522..7f64641d30 100644 --- a/translated/tech/Easy Arduino--Two Projects To Help You Get Started.md +++ b/published/Easy Arduino--Two Projects To Help You Get Started.md @@ -1,61 +1,65 @@ -+ translated ---------------------by tenght -+ -Easy Arduino: 两个项目来帮助你开始 +Easy Arduino: 开始你的Arduino之旅 ================================================================================ -> 许多Arduino的项目是基于两个简单的程序。 -能所你的电脑所不能的单片机，那就是Arduino。 +> 许多Arduino的项目都是基于两个简单的程序。 -我们每天使用的计算机是强大的，但他们根本不了解身边发生了什么事。比如说你的笔记本电脑也不能感到光或水。另外，Arduino对外专门设计成键控的。它有一个用于简化传感器通信的输入、输出板子。 +能电脑所不能的单片机，这就是Arduino。 -Arduino是由Massimo Banzi和他的意大利搭档Ivrea开发的，并由Ivrea，[他最喜欢的酒吧][1]命名。Banzi希望他的设计学生们有一个原型硬件的廉价，容易的解决方案。自2005年Arduino的发布，它已经从一个教学工具发展成为世界各地制造商的DIY项目。现在有了[多模型][2]——更先进的Arduino Due，大马力，微纳米。 +我们每天使用的计算机是强大的，但它们根本不了解身边发生了什么事。比如说你的笔记本电脑也不能感到光或水。另外，Arduino对外专门设计成键控的。它有一个用于简化传感器通信的输入、输出板子。 -无论你购买哪个Arduino模型，当你用它来做“[互联网][3]”项目时，单片机的实用性便体现出来了——Arduino可以很容易让你连接到真实世界，云端，或两者。本书中，我们将突出显示两个超基项目以便展示Arduino可以多简单。 +Arduino是由Massimo Banzi和他的意大利搭档Ivrea开发的，并用Ivrea——[他最喜欢的酒吧][1]命名。Banzi希望他的设计课程的学生们有一个原型的硬件的廉价，容易的解决方案。自2005年Arduino的发布，它已经从一个教学工具发展成为世界各地制造商的DIY项目。现在有了[多模型][2]——更先进的Arduino Due，大功率，微纳米。 + +无论你购买哪个Arduino模型，当你用它来做“[互联网][3]”项目时，单片机的实用性便体现出来了——Arduino可以很容易让你连接到真实世界，云端，或两者。本书中，我们将重点介绍两个超基础项目以便展示Arduino可以多简单。 ### 开始使用Arduino ### -在我们能够完全理解Arduino是什么之前，知道它不是什么是很重要的。Arduino不是电脑（跟卡片电脑[Raspberry Pi][4]不一样）。它不能被独立编程，需要被插入到计算机中去。它不是特别强大或Arduino Uno有[32 KB的内存][5] ，而苹果笔记本平均有8G。 +在我们能够完全了解Arduino是什么之前，知道它不是什么是很重要的。Arduino不是电脑（跟卡片电脑[Raspberry Pi][4]不一样）。它不能被独立编程，需要被插入到计算机中去。它不是特别强大，Arduino Uno只有[32 KB的内存][5] ，而苹果笔记本却平均有8G内存。 -所以为了使用Arduino，你不能只买单片机。以下的项目，你需要的是： +所以为了使用Arduino，你不能只买这个单片机。对于以下的项目，你需要的是： ### 硬件 ### -- Arduino Uno. “Uno”在意大利语中是一的意思，但这并不是有史以来第一个Arduino，只是最基本的Arduino单片机的最新迭代。这些项目可以工作在任何一个模型上，但这是我用这一个。 -- B型USB线。我已经很多年没见过这些旧式的USB端口了，但你可能会通过旧的电子设备记住他们。[他们的成本约5-10美元][6]。 -- LED灯。可以直接粘在Arduino上的一个微小、发光的引脚；[这些也往往是相当便宜的][7]。 +- Arduino Uno. “Uno”在意大利语中是一的意思，但这并不是有史以来第一个Arduino，只是最基本的Arduino单片机的最新版本。这些项目可以工作在任何一个型号上，但这里我用的是这个型号。 +- B型USB线。我已经很多年没见过这些旧式的USB端口了，但你可能会在旧的电子设备上用过他们。[他们的成本约5-10美元][6] （译注：就是能连接题图的板子上的那个大大的USB口的线）。 +- LED灯。可以直接粘在Arduino上的一个引脚上的小灯；[这些往往是相当便宜的][7]。 ### 软件 ### -- [Arduino IDE][8]，意思是“集成开发环境，”是一个免费开源软件，用于“素描，”也就是Arduino用户所说的程序。 +- [Arduino IDE][8]，即“集成开发环境”，是一个免费开源软件，用于开发“sketches”，也就是Arduino用户所说的程序。 -当你第一次打开Arduino IDE，你需要建立软件所使用的端口，点击“工具”——>“串口”。 + 当你第一次打开Arduino IDE，你需要建立软件所使用的端口，它用于控制Arduino如何工作，点击“工具”——>“串口”来建立。 -- 在[OS X][9]上，对于Uno串口就像“/dev/tty.usbmodem”，但其他类型的Arduino板可能不同。我的是“/dev/tty.usbmodem1421”。 -- 在[Windows][10]，串口是COM3或更高，因为COM1和COM2通常保留给其他硬件。为确定端口号，你可以拔掉Arduino并重新打开IDE菜单。哪个口子不再出现哪个就是你的Arduino。 -一般来说，你不用担心拔出你的Arduino电路板。我们知道功能齐全的电脑不会这样做，包括Raspberry Pi，因为他们可以在后台运行一个重要的操作系统任务。但是Arduino就是一个单片机，除非你主动让它写内存，否则它肯定是不会的。 +- 在[OS X][9]上，Uno串口的设备名叫做“/dev/tty.usbmodem”，但其他类型的Arduino板可能不同。我的是“/dev/tty.usbmodem1421”。 +- 在[Windows][10]，串口是COM3或更高端口，因为COM1和COM2通常保留给其他硬件。为确定端口号，你可以拔掉Arduino并重新打开IDE菜单。哪个口子不再出现哪个就是你的Arduino。 + + + 一般来说，你不用担心直接拔出你的Arduino电路板会有什么问题。我们知道功能齐全的电脑不应该这样做，包括Raspberry Pi，因为他们可以在后台运行一个重要的操作系统任务。但是Arduino只是一个单片机，除非你主动让它写内存，否则它肯定是不会的。 ### Arduino 硬件初步: 闪烁一个LED ### 在这第一个项目中，我们将概述Arduino产生物理输出的最基本方式，在这个实例中，闪烁一个LED灯。 -我们要去写一个非常简单的程序使得LED频闪——或者是当我自豪地向他展现了[我的迭代][11]时，我的朋友巧妙的跟我讲的，“一个非常小的狂欢”。本程序是基于开源项目[Blink sketch][12]，它可以在Arduino的官网找到。 +我们要去写一个非常简单的程序使得LED频闪——或者是当我自豪地向他展现了[我的作品][11]时，我的朋友明智的告诉我，“一点小成果”。本程序是基于开源项目[Blink sketch][12]，它可以在Arduino的官网找到。 + +首先，设置硬件，将LED的两个脚分别插到到Arduino的公共地GND和引脚13上。 + +注意：如果你准备将一个LED插到一个打开电源的Arduino板子上较长时间（比如超过了这个项目的时间），安全的做法是也接一个220欧姆的电阻。这里有一个你也许需要的[接线图][16]，来自Arduino官网。 -首先，设置硬件，将LED的两个叉分别粘到Arduino的GND和引脚13上。 ![](http://readwrite.com/files/pin13andground.jpg) - 一个叉略短于另外一个叉——短的这个时负极头，因此，这个接“地，”或是GND输入/输出。 + 一个叉略短于另外一个叉——短的这个是负极头，因此，这个接“地”，即GND输入/输出。 ![](http://readwrite.com/files/led_leads.jpg) *注意短的接GND.* -现在让我们开始写程序。首先，让我们给它命名。Arduino将忽略行内双斜杠后边的内容，所以这是为自己写注释的好方法： +现在让我们开始写程序。首先，让我们给个程序的名字。Arduino会忽略行内双斜杠后边的内容，所以这是为自己写注释的好方法： - // Program 1: Making an LED blink on and off + // 程序 1: 使一个LED闪烁开和关 -当包含硬件时，我们需要告诉Arduino在它的14跟不同的输入/输出引脚中哪儿会有信号。在这种情况下，我们固定13引脚的LED。这是我们的如何命名固定在引脚13的LED，其中“LED”只是我给的变量名： +当硬件工作时，我们需要告诉Arduino在它的14根不同的输入/输出引脚中哪儿会有信号。在这种情况下，我们固定13引脚的LED。这是我们的如何命名固定在引脚13的LED，其中“LED”只是我给的变量名： int LED = 13; @@ -64,12 +68,12 @@ Arduino是由Massimo Banzi和他的意大利搭档Ivrea开发的，并由Ivrea 在 **void setup()**中, 我们告诉Arduino初始化引脚为输出: void setup() { - pinMode(LED, OUTPUT); + pinMode(LED, OUTPUT); } -在**void loop()**中，我们告诉Arduino“写”一个值到引脚13中。因为我想让它闪烁，在每排中我们要使它写四个不同命令的一个序列。你能猜出的词“loop，直到把Arduino关掉前，我们希望它继续。 +在**void loop()**中，我们告诉Arduino“写”一个值到引脚13中。因为我想让它闪烁，在每个循环中我们要使它写一个序列的四个不同命令。如“loop”一词的意思，直到把Arduino关掉前，我们希望它不断执行。 -在下面的代码中，LED代表我们分配了同一个变量。”HIGH”告诉Arduino给LED提供五伏的电源，而“LOW”提供零伏。在闪烁时，使得它延迟“1000”毫秒每一整秒： +在下面的代码中，LED代表了我们之前分配的那个变量。”HIGH”告诉Arduino给LED提供五伏的电源，而“LOW”提供零伏。在闪烁时，使得它延迟“1000”毫秒每一整秒： void loop() { digitalWrite(LED, HIGH); @@ -92,29 +96,29 @@ Arduino是由Massimo Banzi和他的意大利搭档Ivrea开发的，并由Ivrea delay(1000); // wait a second } -点击checkmark来验证你的代码是没有错误的，然后按play键。如果你的Arduino已经插入，它应该开始运行你的闪烁程序了。 +点击checkmark来验证你的代码是没有错误的，然后按play键。如果你的Arduino已经连接，它应该开始运行你的闪烁程序了。 ### Arduino 软件程序: 打印到电脑上 ### -现在让我们来控制开关并尝试演示Arduino是如何产生数字输出的最基本工程。 +现在让我们来做一个控制开关并试着演示Arduino是如何产生数字输出的最基本项目。 我们将要设置Arduino “打印”，或是在您的计算机屏幕上显示信息。这个程序基于Paul Bianchi的[Arduino printing tutorial][14]。 -在这个实例中没有硬件，这样我们就可以直接跳到程序。再次，这将发生在两个部分： **void setup()** 和 **void loop()**。 +在这个实例中没有硬件，这样我们就可以直接跳到程序部分。再说一次，程序分为两个部分： **void setup()** 和 **void loop()**。 -在**void setup()**中，我们要打开一个Arduino和计算机之间通信的线程，特别是在9600 b/s。如果你使用另一个号码，你可能会在计算机上打印出乱码而不是文字。 +在**void setup()**中，我们要打开一个Arduino和计算机之间通信的线路，指定速率是9600b/s。如果你使用另一个速率，你可能会在计算机上得到乱码而不是文字。 void setup() { - Serial.begin(9600); + Serial.begin(9600); } -在**void loop()** 中，这部分很像我们的一个LED程序。我们要给它两条独立的指令，告诉它在他们之间每一整秒中断。[Println][15]是Arduino输出到你的电脑显示的命令。**注意"Println"使用的是小写的"L,"而不是大写的"i"!** +在**void loop()** 中，这部分很像我们的一个LED程序。我们要给它两条独立的指令，告诉它在他们之间每一整秒中断。[Println][15]是Arduino输出到你的电脑显示的命令。**注意"Println"中的"l"的是小写的"L"，而不是大写的"i"!** void loop() { - Serial.println(“hello”); - delay(1000); - Serial.println(“world.”); - delay(1000); + Serial.println(“hello”); + delay(1000); + Serial.println(“world.”); + delay(1000); } 将标题和注释等放到一起，如下： @@ -130,17 +134,17 @@ Arduino是由Massimo Banzi和他的意大利搭档Ivrea开发的，并由Ivrea delay(1000); // wait a second } -验证你的代码并运行。什么都不会显示，直到你点击Arduino IDE窗口右上角的“Serial Monitor”。你应该看到一个不停输出的“Hello World，”一遍又一遍，直到你拔掉Arduino。你会看到它的不完美：我总是有点乱码，但很快它自己就好了。 +验证你的代码并运行。什么都不会显示，直到你点击Arduino IDE窗口右上角的“Serial Monitor”。你应该看到一个不停输出的“Hello World”，一遍又一遍，直到你拔掉Arduino。你会看到它并不完美：我总是得到一些乱码，但很快它自己就好了。 ![](http://readwrite.com/files/Screen%20Shot%202014-04-21%20at%209.28.18%20AM.png) -这两个Arduino项目都非常基本，但是通过执行他们你已经开始看到，可以与传感器通信和写结果到您的计算机的Arduino的潜力。如果你把这两个项目整合——例如，你可以连接一个温度计到你的Arduino，并告诉它将温度写到你的笔记本电脑，你会很快实现Arduino的可能性几乎是无止境的。 +这两个Arduino项目都非常基本，但是通过执行他们你已经开始看到，可以与传感器通信并写结果到您的计算机的Arduino的潜力所在。如果你把这两个项目整合——例如，你可以连接一个温度计到你的Arduino，并告诉它将温度写到你的笔记本电脑，你会很快实现Arduino的可能性几乎是无止境的。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://readwrite.com/2014/04/21/easy-arduino-projects-basics-tutorials-diy-hardware#feed=/hack -译者：[tenght](https://github.com/tenght) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[tenght](https://github.com/tenght) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 @@ -158,4 +162,5 @@ via: http://readwrite.com/2014/04/21/easy-arduino-projects-basics-tutorials-diy- [12]:http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/Blink [13]:http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/BareMinimum [14]:http://quarkstream.wordpress.com/2009/12/09/arduino-1-writing-and-uploading-sketches/ -[15]:http://arduino.cc/en/Serial/Println \ No newline at end of file +[15]:http://arduino.cc/en/Serial/Println +[16]:http://arduino.cc/en/uploads/Tutorial/ExampleCircuit_bb.png \ No newline at end of file From 589aee769bbecaea84b8e13400a1328bc0ffe5b8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Thu, 15 May 2014 22:32:02 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 098/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9ANext-Gen=20L?= =?UTF-8?q?inux=20Desktop=20LXQt=20Makes=20First=20Public=20Release?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...n Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md | 11 ++++++----- 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) rename {translated/news => published}/Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md (77%) diff --git a/translated/news/Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md b/published/Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md similarity index 77% rename from translated/news/Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md rename to published/Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md index feadd14da6..7727d9d63a 100644 --- a/translated/news/Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md +++ b/published/Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md @@ -2,16 +2,16 @@ ================================================================================ ![LXQt with KWin. Other window managers can be used.](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/lxqt.jpg) -**LXQt的首次公开发布版，下一代轻量级桌面环境LXDE，已经可以下载了。** +**LXQt的首次公开发布版，流行的轻量级桌面环境LXDE的新一代版本，已经可以下载了。** 这次版本发布几乎是在LXDE Qt计划和Razor-qt桌面项目决定合并的[一年][1]以后。通过集中资源到一个桌面环境中，而不是两个，这个团队说他们希望“通过尽量重用现有代码，来提供最好的体验”。 -通过10个月的努力，不管是桌面系统的工作方式和所提供的特性功能，都得到了大量重要改善。今天的这次beta版本，尽管主要是给早期测试人员和开发者，据说已经“稳定可用”了。 +通过10个月的努力，不管是桌面系统的工作方式和所提供的特性功能，都得到了大量重要改善。今天的这个beta版本，尽管主要是给早期测试人员和开发者，据说已经“稳定可用”了。 ### 美好的开始 ### -这个项目的开发团队还在继续关注提供一个轻量级以及用户友好的桌面环境，用来替代日渐沉重和复杂的系统。LXQt使用了比基于GTK的LXDE更精简，更快速和模块化的代码库，将非常适用于低配置的电脑。 +这个项目的开发团队还在继续关注在提供一个轻量级以及用户友好的桌面环境，用来替代日渐沉重和复杂的系统。LXQt使用了比基于GTK的LXDE更精简，更快速和模块化的代码库，将非常适用于低配置的电脑。 今天的主角比之前正式发布的Razor-qt (0.5.2)有许多重要改变，包括集成了移植到Qt平台的PCManFM文件管理器，系统设定改善，新的模组，以及持续支持Qt5和Wayland显示协议。 @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Ubuntu开发团队早前声称他们将在Lubuntu 14.10版本中过渡到基于Q #### 试一下 #### -LXQt还处于活跃开发中，所以并不推荐你在爱惜的设备上安装。 +LXQt还处于活跃开发中，所以并不推荐你在重要的设备上安装。 [Lubuntu Daily PPA][2]提供了LXQt所需要的安装包，包括一个统一包来简化安装。 @@ -30,11 +30,12 @@ LXQt还处于活跃开发中，所以并不推荐你在爱惜的设备上安装 源码包，Arch和Debian用户的安装细节，以及更多信息，可以在项目新启用的网站上找到。 - [访问LXQt项目官方网站][3] + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/next-gen-linux-desktop-lxqt-makes-first-public-release -译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 667a50359779cb79c7212f8fcaffcfc0ff38fb02 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: runningwater Date: Thu, 15 May 2014 23:30:39 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 099/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md | 38 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/Why htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md b/translated/tech/Why htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md index cd76cabdc0..7f1006a018 100644 --- a/translated/tech/Why htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md +++ b/translated/tech/Why htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md @@ -34,49 +34,49 @@ ### 2. 通过 F9 键发送信号 ### -The htop command provides you with a way through which you can easily send any signal to a process from within the htop window. All you have to do is to press F9. +HTOP 命令提供了某种功能，通过此功能您可以很容易地在 HTOP 窗口内给一个进程发送任意的信号。您需要做的就是按下 F9 键。 ![signals](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/signals.png) -As you can see, the left part of the window now lists all the available signals, while the right part lists the processes. Just select and signal, then select a process, and then press enter to send the signal to the process. +如你所见，窗口的左边部分列出的是可用的信号，右边部分列出的是进程。只要选中信号，并选择一个进程，然后按下 enter 键，选中的信号就会发送到此进程。 -### 3. Get a tree view of the processes ### +### 3. 显示进程的树状视图 ### -The htop command also provides a tree view of the processes. All you have to do is to press F5. +HTOP 命令也提供了进程的树状视图查看功能。您需要做的就是按下 F5 键。 -Here is an example of htop displaying information in a tree view : +下面是 htop 显示树形视图信息的例子: ![treeView](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/treeView.png) -To come out of tree view, press the F5 key again. +要退出树状视图模式，请再一次按下 F5 键。 -### 4. Search Processes Through F3 key ### +### 4. 通过 F3 键搜索进程 ### -The htop command provides an easy way to search processes. All you have to do is to press F3 key and a text box will appear at the bottom of the window. +HTOP 命令提供了易用的方式来搜索进程。您需要做就是按下 F3 键，一个文本框就会出现在窗口底部。 -Here is an example : +下面是例子: ![search](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/search1.png) -As you can see, a text prompt ‘Search’ appears at the bottom of the window. You can type the name of the process here and press enter to search it. If the htop command is able to find it, it will select the entry of that process in its output. +如您所见，一条名为‘搜索’的文本提示框在窗口底部出现了，您可以在这儿输出进程的名字然后回车搜索。如果找到，它会在列出的进程列表里选中此进程。 -### 5. Colour Tag An Entry Through Space Key ### +### 5. 通过空格键来设置颜色标注进程条目 ### -In real-time view of processes running in the system, one of the main problem is to follow a process. This is because the entries keep on refreshing, and their order keeps on changing. The htop command provides an easy solution to this problem: Colour tagging. Yes, you can colour tag an entry so that it is displayed in a different colour, and hence becomes easy to follow. +在系统中运行着的实时进程视图中，要追踪某个进程是个大问题。因为整个列表在不停的刷新着，进程的排列顺序也在变动着。为了这个问题， HTOP 提供了一个很简单的解决方案：颜色标注。是的，你可以标注一个进程条目，它会以不同的颜色显示，因此要追踪它就变得容易了。 -To colour tag an entry, all you have to do is to select the entry and press ‘space’ key. For example, in the screen-shot below, I have colour tagged three entries : +要标注某个进程条目，需要做的就是选中此条目，然后按下‘空格’键。例如，在下面的截图示例中，我已经颜色标注了三个进程条目: ![color-tag](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/color-tag.png) -So this way, you can easily follow the process(es) you desire. +所以通过此种方法，你就能很轻松的追踪想查看的进程。 -### 6. Command line options ### +### 6. 命令行选项 ### -Apart from the hot keys explained till now, the htop command also provides useful command line options. Some of them are : +除了上面介绍的一些热键，htop 还提供了很有用的命令行选项。下面是其中一部分: -- **-s Option** : To sort a particular column. For example, htop -s PID will sort the PID column output. -- **-u Option** : To display process information related to a particular user. For example, htop -u himanshu will display process information related to the user himanshu. -- **-d option** : To introduce delay between updates. For example, htop -d 100 will make sure that htop output updates after 1 sec (as the argument to -d is considered to be in tenths of seconds). +- **-s 选项** : 按指定的列排序。例如，**htop -s PID** 命令会按 PID 列的大小排序来显示。 +- **-u 选项** : 显示指定的用户的进程信息列表。例如，**htop -u himanshu** 命令会只显示出用户名为 himanshu 的相关进程。 +- **-d 选项** : 设置刷新的延迟时间。例如，**htop -d 100** 命令会使输出在1秒后才会刷新（参数 -d 可以考虑是十分之一秒的时间）。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- From a1f02d09bf824a942ed69255ebc6a07aa7225c57 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: JonathanKang Date: Fri, 16 May 2014 07:45:20 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 100/601] JonathanKang is translating --- .../tech/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md b/sources/tech/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md index 70aa647b32..33c651473b 100644 --- a/sources/tech/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md +++ b/sources/tech/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +JonathanKang is translating How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps ================================================================================ ![](http://www.muktware.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/ubuntu-customize-1.jpg) @@ -93,4 +94,4 @@ via: http://www.muktware.com/2014/05/customize-ubuntu-desktop-6-steps/26750 [5]:http://zagortenay333.deviantart.com/art/Conky-Harmattan-426662366 [6]:http://www.deviantart.com/art/Conky-Harmattan-426662366 [7]:http://www.deviantart.com/?qh=§ion=&global=1&q=conky -[8]:https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/compizconfig-settings-manager/ \ No newline at end of file +[8]:https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/compizconfig-settings-manager/ From 0022d65be57764abba9a1463b5db9ce49d58b82d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Fri, 16 May 2014 08:26:16 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 101/601] Update Enable Username On Indicator Panel In Ubuntu 14.04.md --- .../tech/Enable Username On Indicator Panel In Ubuntu 14.04.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/Enable Username On Indicator Panel In Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/tech/Enable Username On Indicator Panel In Ubuntu 14.04.md index decf9d591b..c6ac922581 100644 --- a/sources/tech/Enable Username On Indicator Panel In Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ b/sources/tech/Enable Username On Indicator Panel In Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +GOLinux Translating! Enable Username On Indicator Panel In Ubuntu 14.04 ================================================================================ ![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Ubuntu-14.042-790x493.jpeg) @@ -30,4 +31,4 @@ via: http://www.unixmen.com/enable-username-indicator-panel-ubuntu-14-04/ 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 5761d053d63acc20fb57422bd0d00a31b7a3803d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Fri, 16 May 2014 08:29:20 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 102/601] Update Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md --- ...untu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md b/sources/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md index b0fbce80fb..7f391dd917 100644 --- a/sources/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md +++ b/sources/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +GOLinux Translating! + Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI ================================================================================ ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Dual_Boot_Windows8_Ubuntu_1404.jpeg) @@ -96,4 +98,4 @@ via: http://itsfoss.com/install-ubuntu-1404-dual-boot-mode-windows-8-81-uefi/ [1]:http://itsfoss.com/install-ubuntu-dual-boot-mode-windows/ [2]:http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/6-safest-ways-to-backup-restore-your-files-in-windows-7-8/ -[3]:http://www.pendrivelinux.com/universal-usb-installer-easy-as-1-2-3/ \ No newline at end of file +[3]:http://www.pendrivelinux.com/universal-usb-installer-easy-as-1-2-3/ From 4deed8c844bd15cda593e9f2a03759c3dd447799 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Fri, 16 May 2014 10:18:03 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 103/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=9B=B4=E6=96=B0README?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- README.md | 46 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------- 1 file changed, 29 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index ae67bc2eab..028b39d48f 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ LCTT是Linux中国社区（[http://linux.cn/](http://linux.cn/)）的翻译组 LCTT已经拥有近百余名活跃成员，并欢迎更多的Linux志愿者加入我们的团队。 +![logo](http://img.linux.net.cn/static/image/common/linuxcn_qqq_lctt.gif) + LCTT的组成 ------------------------------- @@ -40,41 +42,50 @@ LCTT的组成 - CORE [tinyeyeser](https://github.com/tinyeyeser), - CORE [vito-L](https://github.com/vito-L), - CORE [jasminepeng](https://github.com/jasminepeng), +- CORE [willqian](https://github.com/willqian), +- CORE [vizv](https://github.com/vizv), - [luoxcat](https://github.com/Luoxcat), - [runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater), - [bazz2](https://github.com/bazz2), - [flsf](https://github.com/flsf), -- [Linux-pdz](https://github.com/Linux-pdz), - [Vic020](https://github.com/Vic020), -- [woodboow](https://github.com/woodboow), +- [Linux-pdz](https://github.com/Linux-pdz), - [KayGuoWhu](https://github.com/KayGuoWhu), -- [Linchenguang](https://github.com/Linchenguang), - [crowner](https://github.com/crowner), +- [woodboow](https://github.com/woodboow), +- [Linchenguang](https://github.com/Linchenguang), +- [zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025), +- [blueabysm](https://github.com/blueabysm), - [yechunxiao19](https://github.com/yechunxiao19), - [scusjs](https://github.com/scusjs), - [hyaocuk](https://github.com/hyaocuk), - [theo-l](https://github.com/theo-l), -- [l3b2w1](https://github.com/l3b2w1), - [NearTan](https://github.com/NearTan), -- [boredivan](https://github.com/boredivan), -- [liuaiping](https://github.com/liuaiping), -- [zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025), -- [rogetfan](https://github.com/rogetfan), -- [whatever1992](https://github.com/whatever1992), -- [icybreaker](https://github.com/icybreaker), - [ThomazL](https://github.com/ThomazL), +- [l3b2w1](https://github.com/l3b2w1), +- [boredivan](https://github.com/boredivan), +- [rogetfan](https://github.com/rogetfan), +- [liuaiping](https://github.com/liuaiping), +- [whatever1992](https://github.com/whatever1992), +- [tenght](https://github.com/tenght), +- [linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap), +- [icybreaker](https://github.com/icybreaker), - [SteveArcher](https://github.com/SteveArcher), - [FineFan](https://github.com/FineFan), - [ailurus1991](https://github.com/ailurus1991), -- [Maclauring](https://github.com/Maclauring), -- [small-Wood](https://github.com/small-Wood), -- [willqian](https://github.com/willqian), -- [stduolc](https://github.com/stduolc), -- [lijhg](https://github.com/lijhg), +- [zzlyzq](https://github.com/zzlyzq), - [tomatoKiller](https://github.com/tomatoKiller), +- [small-Wood](https://github.com/small-Wood), +- [ggaaooppeenngg](https://github.com/ggaaooppeenngg), +- [yujianxuechuan](https://github.com/yujianxuechuan), +- [Hao-Ding](https://github.com/Hao-Ding), +- [Maclauring](https://github.com/Maclauring), +- [lijhg](https://github.com/lijhg), - [zsJacky](https://github.com/zsJacky), +- [stduolc](https://github.com/stduolc), -（更新于2014/3/12） + +（更新于2014/05/16） 谢谢大家的支持！ @@ -90,4 +101,5 @@ LCTT的组成 * 2013/10/18 正式启动man翻译计划。 * 2013/11/10 举行第一次北京线下聚会。 * 2014/01/02 增加了Core Translators 成员: geekpi。 -* 2014/05/04 更换了新的QQ群：198889102 \ No newline at end of file +* 2014/05/04 更换了新的QQ群：198889102 +* 2014/05/16 增加了Core Translators 成员: will.qian、vizv。 \ No newline at end of file From ae53e2c773262db1a0a762f43861d3e28317def9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: runningwater Date: Fri, 16 May 2014 10:18:19 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 104/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=88=A0=E9=99=A4=E5=8E=9F=E6=96=87?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md | 91 ------------------- 1 file changed, 91 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/Why htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md diff --git a/sources/tech/Why htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md b/sources/tech/Why htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7ba185c15b..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/Why htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,91 +0,0 @@ -(翻译中 by runningwater) -Why htop Command Compete Linux top Command -================================================================================ -The top command in Linux is used to display a real-time view of processes that are running in the system. It provides very useful information like CPU utilization, memory consumption, and more, related to every process. But, do you know there exists another command line utility ‘htop’ that provides more information and features when compared with the traditional top command. In this article, we will discuss the ‘htop’ command with examples. - -### htop command in Linux ### - -Here is an excerpt of htop’s description from its man page : - -> It is similar to top, but allows you to scroll vertically and horizon‐ -> tally, so you can see all the processes running on the system, along -> with their full command lines. -> -> Tasks related to processes (killing, renicing) can be done without -> entering their PIDs. - -### Understand its output first ### - -The **htop command** displays information in a typical format. Here is a snapshot of htop’s output : - -![htop](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/htop.png) - -If you take a look at the top-left part of the window, you’ll observe real-time information related to CPU load, RAM consumption , and swap. The top-right part contains information related to tasks, threads, load average and uptime. - -The load average section provides three figures, which are nothing but load averages calculated for past 5, 10 and 15 minutes. For a single core system, a load average of 1 means 100 percent CPU utilization. And finally, the uptime depicts the time since the system has been up and running. - -Now, lets discuss this command through some examples. - -### 1. Edit settings using F2 key ### - -The htop command provides many customization options, all you have to do is to press F2 from the main window. - -Here are the customization options available : - -![htop-settings](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/htop-settings.png) - -Just use the arrow keys to select and change a particular setting. - -### 2. Send Signals Through F9 key ### - -The htop command provides you with a way through which you can easily send any signal to a process from within the htop window. All you have to do is to press F9. - -![signals](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/signals.png) - -As you can see, the left part of the window now lists all the available signals, while the right part lists the processes. Just select and signal, then select a process, and then press enter to send the signal to the process. - -### 3. Get a tree view of the processes ### - -The htop command also provides a tree view of the processes. All you have to do is to press F5. - -Here is an example of htop displaying information in a tree view : - -![treeView](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/treeView.png) - -To come out of tree view, press the F5 key again. - -### 4. Search Processes Through F3 key ### - -The htop command provides an easy way to search processes. All you have to do is to press F3 key and a text box will appear at the bottom of the window. - -Here is an example : - -![search](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/search1.png) - -As you can see, a text prompt ‘Search’ appears at the bottom of the window. You can type the name of the process here and press enter to search it. If the htop command is able to find it, it will select the entry of that process in its output. - -### 5. Colour Tag An Entry Through Space Key ### - -In real-time view of processes running in the system, one of the main problem is to follow a process. This is because the entries keep on refreshing, and their order keeps on changing. The htop command provides an easy solution to this problem: Colour tagging. Yes, you can colour tag an entry so that it is displayed in a different colour, and hence becomes easy to follow. - -To colour tag an entry, all you have to do is to select the entry and press ‘space’ key. For example, in the screen-shot below, I have colour tagged three entries : - -![color-tag](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/color-tag.png) - -So this way, you can easily follow the process(es) you desire. - -### 6. Command line options ### - -Apart from the hot keys explained till now, the htop command also provides useful command line options. Some of them are : - -- **-s Option** : To sort a particular column. For example, htop -s PID will sort the PID column output. -- **-u Option** : To display process information related to a particular user. For example, htop -u himanshu will display process information related to the user himanshu. -- **-d option** : To introduce delay between updates. For example, htop -d 100 will make sure that htop output updates after 1 sec (as the argument to -d is considered to be in tenths of seconds). - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-htop-command/ - -译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file From d05fae4772ccbebc5bcf3071bc7ecba4aef6783d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: runningwater Date: Fri, 16 May 2014 10:52:31 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 105/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E4=B8=AD=20by=20runn?= =?UTF-8?q?ingwater?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- sources/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md b/sources/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md index c9163fa0ac..b4f3879239 100644 --- a/sources/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md +++ b/sources/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +（翻译中 by runningwater） Encrypting Your Cat Photos ================================================================================ The truth is, I really don't have anything on my hard drive that I would be upset over someone seeing. I have some cat photos. I have a few text files with ideas for future books and/or short stories, and a couple half-written starts to NaNoWriMo novels. It would be easy to say that there's no point encrypting my hard drive, because I have nothing to hide. The problem is, we wrongly correlate a "desire for privacy" with "having something to hide". I think where I live, in America, we've taken our rights to privacy for granted. Rather than the traditional "he must be hiding porn or bombs", think about something a little more mundane. @@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ You don't have to have something to hide in order to desire encryption for your via: http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/encrypting-your-cat-photos -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 5a7e0abf3cdc76d85201fa73394f9938398e4d81 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: disylee Date: Fri, 16 May 2014 11:22:59 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 106/601] 5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Raspberry Pi的项目 --- .../talk/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/sources/talk/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md b/sources/talk/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md index 80610713bb..60534389bd 100644 --- a/sources/talk/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md +++ b/sources/talk/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +这年头，我先占个坑：）第一次 [sailing] 5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects ================================================================================ From 8656576afdd43b06a125ac542d86c80da930c72b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jiajia <1534574360@qq.com> Date: Fri, 16 May 2014 12:18:20 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 107/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=8F=E5=86=B0=E8=A6=81=E7=BF=BB?= =?UTF-8?q?=E8=AF=91?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/sources/news/Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md b/sources/news/Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md index a06d742db2..390199e324 100644 --- a/sources/news/Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md +++ b/sources/news/Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +【小冰占了】 Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On ================================================================================ ![Linux Mint 17](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Linux-Mint-Will-Only-Used-Ubuntu-LTS-Releases-From-Now-On-442225-2.jpg) From 08cb9a9ec452cde6ba94ec0bc405deb70b4b56ca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: disylee Date: Fri, 16 May 2014 15:02:44 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 108/601] Update 5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md --- .../5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md b/sources/talk/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md index 60534389bd..1f36fb55f6 100644 --- a/sources/talk/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md +++ b/sources/talk/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -这年头，我先占个坑：）第一次 +disylee的翻译，这年头，我先占个坑：）第一次 [sailing] 5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects ================================================================================ From c471f3d63bdf44062f5802e8938ec8e586b5979f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: disylee Date: Fri, 16 May 2014 15:06:48 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 109/601] Update 5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md --- .../5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md b/sources/talk/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md index 1f36fb55f6..433abbbee1 100644 --- a/sources/talk/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md +++ b/sources/talk/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -disylee的翻译，这年头，我先占个坑：）第一次 +disylee20140516的翻译，这年头，我先占个坑：）第一次 [sailing] 5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects ================================================================================ From 0b93d033b2569c0c46ffc5ead69937647126ba88 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Fri, 16 May 2014 15:23:55 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 110/601] =?UTF-8?q?GOLinux=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E4=B8=AD?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../How to manage passwords from the command line on Linux.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/How to manage passwords from the command line on Linux.md b/sources/tech/How to manage passwords from the command line on Linux.md index 1dc9470ef6..56ac1447ef 100644 --- a/sources/tech/How to manage passwords from the command line on Linux.md +++ b/sources/tech/How to manage passwords from the command line on Linux.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +GOLinux翻译中 + How to manage passwords from the command line on Linux ================================================================================ With password-based authentication so prevalent online these days, you may need or already use some sort of password management tool to keep track of all the passwords you are using. There are various online or offline services or software tools for that matter, and they vary in terms of their sophistication, user interface or target environments (e.g., enterprises or end users). For example, there are a few GUI-based password managers for end users, such as [KeePass(X)][1]. @@ -117,4 +119,4 @@ via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/manage-passwords-command-line-linux.html [1]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/08/how-to-manage-multiple-passwords-on-linux.html [2]:http://www.zx2c4.com/projects/password-store/ -[3]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/03/how-to-set-up-epel-repository-on-centos.html \ No newline at end of file +[3]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/03/how-to-set-up-epel-repository-on-centos.html From 0041feb58ceee294eb83e6fa6dd4c61e670f2bff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Fri, 16 May 2014 22:39:30 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 111/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AHow=20to=20D?= =?UTF-8?q?ual=20Boot=20Android=204.4.2=20and=20Ubuntu=20for=20Phones?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...oot Android 4.4.2 and Ubuntu for Phones.md | 45 +++++++++++++++++++ ...oot Android 4.4.2 and Ubuntu for Phones.md | 45 ------------------- 2 files changed, 45 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/How to Dual Boot Android 4.4.2 and Ubuntu for Phones.md delete mode 100644 translated/tech/How to Dual Boot Android 4.4.2 and Ubuntu for Phones.md diff --git a/published/How to Dual Boot Android 4.4.2 and Ubuntu for Phones.md b/published/How to Dual Boot Android 4.4.2 and Ubuntu for Phones.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fa16054702 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/How to Dual Boot Android 4.4.2 and Ubuntu for Phones.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +如何在Nexus上实现Ubuntu和Android 4.4.2 双启动 +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Hot-to-Dual-Boot-Android-4-4-2-and-Ubuntu-for-Phones-438840-2.jpg) + +**现在在电话上测试Ubuntu变得更加简单，可以从Canonical上下载一个程序，它可以安装新的操作系统而不必删除原有的Andorid。能够双启动的系统可以吸引更多的用户关注手机/平板上的新开源平台。** + +Canonical在它的网站上有一个流程解释了如何在电话上安装Ubuntu，但是这实际上需要删除Android系统才能获得新的操作系统。Ubuntu的开发者已经做了大量的工作，这个新的系统看上去很棒，但是如果你决定退回到Android，你就需要删除Ubuntu并安装Google的Android系统。这意味这你不得不重复设置你的电话，这可能会比较麻烦。 + +幸运的是，现在有一个称为[MultiROM Manager][1]的解决方案，它由Vojtech Bocek开发，现在已经可以在Google Play上下载到了，而且支持Nexus 7 (2012 & 2013)、 Nexus 4 和 Nexus 5。 + +另一方面，Ubuntu Touch只支持Nexus 4 (mako) 、Nexus 7 (2013) 平板 (flo)和 Nexus 10 平板 (manta)，因此除非你有这些设备，否则你可能不能安全地执行这些步骤(它可能能够工作，但是不保证会让你的设备变砖同时/或者失去所有的数据。) + +首先，你需要一台解锁的设备，既然你有一台Nexus的设备这应该不是一个问题。你同样还需要root你的Andorid设备，这样你才能在这个应用里安装操作系统。 + +有很多工具可以完成这个root的工作。首先，你需要安装ADB(Android Debug Bridge)， 它随同Canonical的工具一起提供。你需要在终端下运行下面的命令： + + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:phablet-team/tools + sudo apt-get update + sudo apt-get install ubuntu-device-flash + +现在，你需要下载两个二进制包，[TWRP 2.7.0.0][2] 和 [SuperSU][3]，它们可以让你实现root。复制SuperSU的二进制zip包到你的电话内存中，运行下面的命令进入bootloader（译注：原文的命令 sudo reboot bootloader，应该是笔误丢失了adb 命令 ）: + + sudo adb reboot bootloader + +在你的电脑上解压TWRP文件，并用下面的命令安装镜像到手机上(用你下载的文件名代替下面的“recovery.img”)（译注：此处的fastboot应该也需要sudo权限才可以执行。） + + sudo fastboot flash recovery recovery.img + +从bootloader菜单进入recovery，你就会看到TWRP 2.7.0.0。运行TWRP并安装SuperSU二进制包，接着重启。 + +现在你已经有root访问权限了。安装Multi Manager，应用补丁，并为手机下载Ubuntu。应用会要求root权限，接着安装会顺利进行。当你重启的时候你会看到一个小窗口提示你选择你要运行的系统。选择Ubuntu后你就可以运行了。 + +是不是新的享受？ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Hot-to-Dual-Boot-Android-4-4-2-and-Ubuntu-for-Phones-438840.shtml + +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.tassadar.multirommgr +[2]:http://teamw.in/project/twrp2 +[3]:http://androidsu.com/superuser/ diff --git a/translated/tech/How to Dual Boot Android 4.4.2 and Ubuntu for Phones.md b/translated/tech/How to Dual Boot Android 4.4.2 and Ubuntu for Phones.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6a27228f49..0000000000 --- a/translated/tech/How to Dual Boot Android 4.4.2 and Ubuntu for Phones.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,45 +0,0 @@ -如何在电话上实现Ubuntu和Android 4.4.2 双启动 -================================================================================ -![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Hot-to-Dual-Boot-Android-4-4-2-and-Ubuntu-for-Phones-438840-2.jpg) - -**现在在电话上测试Ubuntu变得更加简单，可以从Canonical上获得一个程序，它可以安装新的操作系统而不必删除Andorid。能够双启动的系统获取可以将用户的注意力转移到新的手机和平板的开源平台上。** - -Canonical在它的网站上有一个有一个流程解释了如何在电话上安装Ubuntu，但是这暗示了需要删除Android系统来获得新的操作系统。Ubuntu的开发者已经做了大量的工作来使这个新的系统看上去不错，但是如果你决定返回Android，你需要删除Ubuntu并安装Google的系统。这意味这你不得不重复设置你的电话，这可能会比较麻烦。 - -幸运的是，现在有一个称为[MultiROM Manager][1]的解决方案，它由Vojtech Bocek开发，现在已经在Google Play上并且只可工作在Nexus 7 (2012 & 2013)、 Nexus 4 和 Nexus 5上。 - -另一方面，Ubuntu Touch只可工作在Nexus 4 (mako) 、Nexus 7 (2013) 平板 (flo)和 Nexus 10 平板 (manta)，因此除非你有这些设备，否则你可能不能安全地执行这些步骤(它可能可以工作，但是不保证会让你的设备变砖同时/或者失去所有的数据。) - -首先，你需要一台未解锁的设备，既然你有一台Nexus的设备这不应该是一个问题。你同样需要已经root了你的Andorid设备，这样你才能在应用内部安装操作系统。 - -有很多工具可以完成这个工作。首先，你需要安装ADB(Android Debug Bridge), 它有Canonical随着它的工具一起提供。你需要在终端下运行下面的命令： - - sudo add-apt-repository ppa:phablet-team/tools - sudo apt-get update - sudo apt-get install ubuntu-device-flash - -现在，你需要下载两个二进制包，[TWRP 2.7.0.0][2] 和 [SuperSU][3]，它们可以确保你已经root。复制SuperSU的二进制zip包到你的电话内存中，运行下面的命令进入bootloader: - - sudo reboot bootloader - -在你的电脑上解压TWRP文件，并用下面的命令安装镜像(用你下载的文件名代替recovery.img) - - fastboot flash recovery recovery.img - -从bootloader菜单进入recovery，你就会看到TWRP 2.7.0.0在那里。运行TWRP并安装SuperSU二进制包，接着重启。 - -现在你已经有root访问权限了。安装Multi Manager，应用补丁，并为电话下载Ubuntu。应用会要求root权限，接着安装会顺利进行。当你重启的时候你会看到一个小窗口提示你选择你要运行的系统。选择Ubuntu后你就可以运行了。 - -享受吧！ - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Hot-to-Dual-Boot-Android-4-4-2-and-Ubuntu-for-Phones-438840.shtml - -译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.tassadar.multirommgr -[2]:http://teamw.in/project/twrp2 -[3]:http://androidsu.com/superuser/ From ef1da60cd4c275d4c55d3e61cdbb60884eebf270 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: JonathanKang Date: Fri, 16 May 2014 23:16:47 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 112/601] translated --- ...ustomize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md | 97 ------------------- 1 file changed, 97 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md diff --git a/sources/tech/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md b/sources/tech/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md deleted file mode 100644 index 33c651473b..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,97 +0,0 @@ -JonathanKang is translating -How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps -================================================================================ -![](http://www.muktware.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/ubuntu-customize-1.jpg) - -Ubuntu is a great Linux distribution for users who want an easy-to-use interface and is arguably the best distribution for a user new to the Linux world. Some side effects of this is that, in terms of interface and appearance, many arbitrary choices have been made for the user by Canonical, particularly in the form of the Unity desktop environment. - -These are not set in stone, however. Below are a few tips on how to feel more at home in Ubuntu. For a glimpse of some of the things you can customize in Ubuntu, you can see above what my desktop looks like using Unity in Ubuntu 14.04, compared to the default setup. - -Let’s break down what is needed to do this. - -### 1. Install the Unity Tweak Tool ### - -Before you can make any significant changes to the appearance of Ubuntu, you will have to install the [Unity Tweak Tool][1], This is a special settings manager for the Unity desktop environment, and allows you to implement things like alternate icon sets and themes. It can be downloaded from the Ubuntu software center, or if you prefer, from the terminal with the following commands: - - sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool - -If you are using Gnome desktop environment, then you might want to try the Gnome Tweak Tool, which can also can be installed from the Ubuntu software center or with the command - - sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool - -### 2. Install a GTK theme ### - -There are many custom themes for Ubuntu, which affect the way applications and windows look. The theme I use is the Numix GTK+ theme. You can find out more about the Numix themes and icons at [http://numixproject.org/][2] . You can install the the Numix theme by opening the terminal and entering: - - sudo add-apt-repository ppa:numix/ppa - sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install numix-gtk-theme - -o enable the theme, open the Unity Tweak Tool and select “Theme”, located under the “Appearance” header and select the theme, which should now be an option listed under “Available Themes”. This process can be repeated for any other theme, provided the repository package name is known. Many themes are available for perusal at [Gnome-Look.org][3]. One very similar set of themes to Numix are available is Moka at [http://mokaproject.com/][4]. - -### 3. Install an icon set ### - -The icons used in the screenshot are also from Numix, the Numix Circle icons. These icons can be installed by entering into the terminal the commands: - - sudo apt-add-repository ppa:numix/ppa - sudo apt-get update - sudo apt-get install numix-icon-theme-circle - -To enable the icons, select “Icons” in the Unity Tweak Tool and highlight the icon set. Once again, this is possible for any of the multitudes of icon sets available. Moka also offers very nice icon sets that bring colorful, consistent design to your desktop. - -### 4. Install Conky system monitor ### - -Conky is a lightweight desktop system monitor. By itself, it is quite plain, but it is completely hackable, which opens the door to complete customization of the application, which can be used to display a variety of useful information. You can install Conky by with these commands - - sudo apt-get install conky conky-all - -You will also need to install Curl with the command - - sudo apt-get install curl - -The Conky theme shown in the screenshot is [Harmattan][5], which displays time, weather and system processes in 15 different themes. To install this theme, you can download the .zip file from [deviantART][6], then extract its contents. Move the .conky-weather folder (you may have to hit Ctrl + H to view these files) into the home folder, as well as the .conkyrc file from the folder containing the theme of your choice (the Harmattan theme is nicely organized into folders for different types of themes). There are [hundreds of themes][7] of Conky, and all you need to try them is to replace the .conkyrc file in the home folder with the .conkyrc file for that theme. - -### 5. Install some indicator applets ### - -There are many third-party indicator applets that you can use to monitor information on your desktop. There are applets for weather, system performance, and more. The ones I use are quite simple. Because weather and performance are already in Conky, I haven’t installed these, but you can install them by entering the following commands in the terminal: - - sudo apt-get install indicator-weather - sudo apt-get install indicator-multiload - -The two applets I use are the Keys Lock applet and the Touchpad controller, because my laptop does not have an indicator light for caps lock or the touchpad disable hotkey. You can install these with the commands - - sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tsbarnes/indicator-keylock - sudo add-apt-repository ppa:atareao/atareao - sudo apt-get update - sudo apt-get install indicator-keylock - sudo apt-get install touchpad-indicator - -You may have to re-login to your user in order to launch these applets. - -### 6. Get advanced with CompizConfig Settings Manager ### - -If Unity Tweak Tool is not powerful enough for you, you can try installing the [CompizConfig Settings Manager][8]. - -### Warning: ### - -CompizConfig may damage your system if the wrong settings are applied. Use with caution. You can enable settings hidden in all corners of Ubuntu, and you can install in from the Ubuntu Software Center or from the terminal with these commands: - - sudo apt-get install compiz compizconfig-settings-manager compiz-fusion-plugins-extra compiz-fusion-plugins-main compiz-plugins - -Your Ubuntu desktop is now supercharged! All of these steps have thousands of other options attached to them, so customizability is endless. Now go out and try them! - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.muktware.com/2014/05/customize-ubuntu-desktop-6-steps/26750 - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/unity-tweak-tool/ -[2]:http://numixproject.org/ -[3]:http://gnome-look.org/?xcontentmode=100 -[4]:http://mokaproject.com/ -[5]:http://zagortenay333.deviantart.com/art/Conky-Harmattan-426662366 -[6]:http://www.deviantart.com/art/Conky-Harmattan-426662366 -[7]:http://www.deviantart.com/?qh=§ion=&global=1&q=conky -[8]:https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/compizconfig-settings-manager/ From 56bafbe71d52e429d0d34ba8c72448f2e6bb70b6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: JonathanKang Date: Fri, 16 May 2014 23:19:11 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 113/601] translated --- ...ustomize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md | 95 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 95 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/tech/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md diff --git a/translated/tech/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md b/translated/tech/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..924a2492f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +教你6步定制你的Ubuntu桌面 +================================================================================ +![](http://www.muktware.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/ubuntu-customize-1.jpg) +对于那些想要一个易于使用的界面的用户，Ubuntu是一个很好的Linux发行版，并且对于一个Linux新手也可以说是最好的Linux发行版。不过这产生了一些副作用，那就是，对于界面和外观，Canonical公司已经为用户做了很多设定，尤其是Unity桌面环境。 + +然而这些不是一成不变的。下面是一些关于怎样让你更加舒心地使用Ubuntu的技巧。看过上面的截图中我对Ubuntu的设定，你可以看到我的的Unity桌面，相比于默认设定的桌面有何不同。 + +下面让我们分步来实现定制Ubuntu桌面。 + +### 1. 安装Unity Tweak Tool ### + +在你能对Ubuntu外观做任何有效地修改之前，你不得不安装[Unity Tweak Tool][1]。这是一个Unity桌面环境下特殊设置管理软件，并且通过它你可以实现替换系统图标和主题。你可以从Ubuntu软件中心下载该软件，如果你更加偏爱terminal终端的话，你也可以使用下面的命令： + + sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool + +如果你正在使用Gnome桌面环境，那么你可能需要尝试Gnome Tweak Tool这款软件。你也可以从Ubuntu软件中心和使用以下命令来安装该软件： + + sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool + +### 2. 安装GTK主题 ### + +对于Ubuntu有很多定制的主题，这些主题可以影响应用和窗口的外观。我正在使用的主题是Numix GTK+。你可以在[http://numixproject.org/][2]找到关于Numix主题和图标的更多信息。你可以通过打开终端并输入以下命令来安装Numix主题： + + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:numix/ppa + sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install numix-gtk-theme + +为了使该主题生效，我们需要打开Unity Tweak Tool，选择“外观标题”下的“主题”选项，然后在“已有主题”一栏中选择该主题。只要相应的软件仓库名字一直，对于其他主题，你就可以重复该过程来应用。你可以登陆[Gnome-Look.org][3]获得更多的主题。另一个和Numix主题很相似的主题是Moka，你可以在[http://mokaproject.com/][4]获得更多关于Moka主题的信息。 + +### 3. 安装图标 ### + +以上截图中使用的图标是来自Numix主题的Numix圆形图标。你可以通过在终端输入以下命令来安装该图标： + + sudo apt-add-repository ppa:numix/ppa + sudo apt-get update + sudo apt-get install numix-icon-theme-circle + +为了使该图标生效，我们需要在Unity Tweak Tool中选择“图标”选项，然后选择该图标集。再一次声明，这个方法对于任何图标集是可行的。Moka也提供给你的桌面带来多彩的、一致性设计的图标集。 + +### 4. 安装conky系统监视软件 ### + +Conky是一个轻量级桌面系统监视软件。该软件本身是非常简单的，不过它是可定制的，这样一来它就可以显示很多的有用的信息。你可以通过在终端输入以下命令来安装Conky： + + sudo apt-get install conky conky-all + +你将会需要curl这个软件，你可以通过以下这个命令来安装该软件： + + sudo apt-get install curl + +上面截图中使用的conky主题是[Harmattan][5]，它可以以15种不同的样式来显示时间、天气、以及系统进程。要安装该主题，你可以从[deviantART][6]下载zip文件，然后解压。将.conky-weather文件夹和位于主题文件夹的.conkyrc文件（你可能需要按Ctrl+H来显示这些隐藏文件）移动到你的home文件夹。Conky有[很多的主题][7]。尝试这些主题，你所需要做的就是用所要使用主题的.conkyrc文件替换在home文件夹的.conkyrc文件。 + +### 5. 安装一些指示器程序 ### + +有很多第三方的指示器程序，通过这些程序你可以监视你的桌面信息，例如天气、系统性能等。我所使用的指示器程序相当简单。因为天气和系统性能已经在conky中显示，所以我没有安装这些指示器。不过你可以在终端输入以下命令来安装他们： + + sudo apt-get install indicator-weather + sudo apt-get install indicator-multiload + +我所使用的两个指示器程序是大小写指示程序以及触摸板控制器，这是因为我的笔记本没有大小写指示灯和控制触摸板开关的热键。你可以通过以下命令来安装这两个软件： + + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tsbarnes/indicator-keylock + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:atareao/atareao + sudo apt-get update + sudo apt-get install indicator-keylock + sudo apt-get install touchpad-indicator + +你可能需要注销并重新登录来使用这些应用。 + +### 6. 通过Compiz设置管理器深度定制你的桌面 ### + +如果对于你来说Unity Tweak Tool不够强大，那么你可以尝试[Compiz设置管理器][8]. + +### 警告: ### + +如果错误的设置被应用的话，Compiz设置管理器可能会损害到你的系统。所以使用时要格外小心。你可以看到Ubuntu系统中隐藏的各种设置。你可以在Ubuntu软件中心获取该软件或者终端输入以下命令来安装： + + sudo apt-get install compiz compizconfig-settings-manager compiz-fusion-plugins-extra compiz-fusion-plugins-main compiz-plugins + +现在你的Ubuntu桌面变得具有超能力了！所有的这些步骤都有成千上万种选择，所以折腾是无极限的。还在等什么？还不赶紧去享受你的新Ubuntu桌面！ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.muktware.com/2014/05/customize-ubuntu-desktop-6-steps/26750 + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/JonathanKang) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/unity-tweak-tool/ +[2]:http://numixproject.org/ +[3]:http://gnome-look.org/?xcontentmode=100 +[4]:http://mokaproject.com/ +[5]:http://zagortenay333.deviantart.com/art/Conky-Harmattan-426662366 +[6]:http://www.deviantart.com/art/Conky-Harmattan-426662366 +[7]:http://www.deviantart.com/?qh=§ion=&global=1&q=conky +[8]:https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/compizconfig-settings-manager/ From 522309d0e2407fc90b62917efe4b6d8aa2306a05 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: CHINAANSHE Date: Sat, 17 May 2014 15:39:19 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 114/601] Update How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md --- ...1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md | 15 ++++++++++++--- 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md b/sources/tech/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md index 9cc2417e63..f4623867c7 100644 --- a/sources/tech/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md +++ b/sources/tech/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md @@ -30,14 +30,23 @@ Enjoy! ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/How-to-Install-Windows-8-1-and-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-on-the-Same-Computer-440356-2.jpg) **许多Windows用户，正在去尝试使用Linux操作系统，并且不用删除其它正在使用的系统。他们知道Linux操作系统，很容易更好的对待共享的同一台计算机上的其他操作系统，会很高兴的。** 如果你是Windows用户，你想去安装Ubuntu。例如，程序实际上是相当简单的，需要一点小小的努力来自用户，他们只需要关注一下本程序。 - 一种新的基于PC操作系统正常的安装并不复杂，Ubuntu和 Linux同样也是。在大多数情况下，用户单击“下一步”对话框中，所有的都是按照这个脚本。当你想保存，也存在于相同的PC操作系统（不一定是Windows专门），更多的工作是必需的，但可以很容易。 + + 一种新的基于PC操作系统正常的安装并不复杂，Ubuntu和Linux同样也是。在大多数情况下，用户单击“下一步”对话框中，所有的都是按照这个脚本。当你想保存，也存在于相同的PC操作系统（不一定是Windows专门），更多的工作是必需的，但可以很容易。 + 从Ubuntu Linux编写一个图像是容易的，这是可以做到的一些应用程序。在Windows你将需要Ubuntu任何一个dvd上或USB（最好是）。为了让Ubuntu正确复制到一个USB设备，你将需要下载一个小巧的工具称为Win32 Disk Imager 0.9.5。它具有一个简单的界面，它是完全自动的。 - 现在，把Ubuntu安装重启之前，你可能要设置一些自由的空间，将用于Ubuntu，但一个分区是不够的。您将需要两个，一个Ubuntu本身的（大约10GB，如果你不想安装太多的应用的话，就足够了）和第二分区（Windows pagefile等），这是増加你的内存。你不需要的他们，但他们都是免费的。如果你在第二HDD安装Ubuntu，那就更好了。 + + 现在，把Ubuntu安装重启之前，你可能要设置一些自由的空间，将用于Ubuntu，但一个分区是不够的。您将需要两个，一个Ubuntu本身的（大约10GB，如果你不想安装太多的应用的话，就足够了）和第二分区（Windows,pagefile等），这是増加你的内存。你不需要的他们，但他们都是免费的。如果你在第二HDD安装Ubuntu，那就更好了。 + 插上USB和重新启动。你会得到一个提示试用或安装。选择安装并给你选择：安装Ubuntu和Windows 8（或任何你拥有版本），替换Windows 8与Ubuntu，或者别的什么。 + 你可以选择安装在Windows 8，但你也许不喜欢，安装程序将为你选择。这是更好地打击其他手动安装。 + 发现，你放置Ubuntu空闲分区（安装程序无法读取Windows卷名称），双击它，选择ext4文件系统，和“/”作为默认的安装点。 + 现在选择较小的分区和选择交换文件。就这些了。当你点击下一步，安装程序将启动，你将要选择的名称，密码，和其他细节。 - 下次当你启动你时将得到一个简单的操作系统，将让你选择你喜欢的操作系统列表。 + + 下次当你启动你时将得到一个简单的操作系统，将让你选择你喜欢的操作系统列表。 + 尽情享受！ via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/How-to-Install-Windows-8-1-and-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-on-the-Same-Computer-440356.shtml From 0181fb4388dd476f0e4a16266d3a154313cd0daa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: tinyeyeser Date: Sat, 17 May 2014 18:35:03 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 115/601] =?UTF-8?q?translated=20(JonathanKang=E5=BF=98?= =?UTF-8?q?=E8=AE=B0=E7=BD=B2=E5=90=8D=EF=BC=8C=E5=B8=AE=E5=BF=99=E6=B7=BB?= =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8A=A0=EF=BC=8C=E6=9C=AA=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9)?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../tech/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md b/translated/tech/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md index 924a2492f7..2466744f9b 100644 --- a/translated/tech/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md +++ b/translated/tech/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ Conky是一个轻量级桌面系统监视软件。该软件本身是非常简单 via: http://www.muktware.com/2014/05/customize-ubuntu-desktop-6-steps/26750 -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/JonathanKang) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[JonathanKang](https://github.com/JonathanKang) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 5063ef894a2b738acd0d79a76da0ec59e063a5be Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "491586629@qq.com" <491586629@qq.com> Date: Sat, 17 May 2014 20:28:52 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 116/601] translating --- ...untu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/sources/news/Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md b/sources/news/Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md index b18665d685..c370084873 100644 --- a/sources/news/Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md +++ b/sources/news/Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +Ubuntu又整幺蛾子 Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8 ================================================================================ ![Current Unity 7 desktop in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-Developers-Propose-a-New-Flavor-Based-Only-on-Unity-8-442262-2.jpg) From 8c1bef73f15b6a6736b2037755da8310970b039f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: hunanchenxingyu Date: Sat, 17 May 2014 21:20:05 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 117/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E4=B8=ADby=20hunanch?= =?UTF-8?q?enxingyu?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- sources/news/OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/sources/news/OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md b/sources/news/OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md index 0e67e9da14..227a1af2e1 100644 --- a/sources/news/OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md +++ b/sources/news/OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +hunanchenxingyu translating ... +================================================================================ OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/OpenVPN-Import-Broken-in-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-441601-2.jpg) From aacf51cc1ad545cc00cf444de2595e3b04c7930a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: hunanchenxingyu Date: Sat, 17 May 2014 23:40:49 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 118/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90=20?= =?UTF-8?q?by=20hunanchenxingyu?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...enVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md | 29 ------------------- ...enVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md | 28 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md create mode 100644 translated/news/OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md diff --git a/sources/news/OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md b/sources/news/OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md deleted file mode 100644 index 227a1af2e1..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,29 +0,0 @@ -hunanchenxingyu translating ... -================================================================================ -OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS -================================================================================ -![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/OpenVPN-Import-Broken-in-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-441601-2.jpg) - -**Ubuntu 14.04 LTS was released a few weeks ago and the reception for the new operating system from Canonical has been great, but there are still some problems that need to be solved, like an issue with the OpenVPN import feature.** - -If you ever used a VPN connection in Ubuntu, you know that you need to download a package from the official repository called network-manager-openvpn that allows users to import an openVPN file with all the setting and certificates in place. - -This particular feature used to work in the early versions of Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, but right before the launch something broke in the network-manager-openvpn packages, which crashes the entire network manager during the import. - -The problem has been reported on [Launchpad][1] by numerous users, but so far it hasn't been fixed. The first bug report was submitted back in March, which means that the distribution shipped with the problem in place. - -With the exception of the fact that the problem has been confirmed, it seems that no one is working on it, or at least it’s not yet listed on Launchpad. - -As it turns out, if we judge by the sheer number of the people that left comments on that first bug report, this is something used extensively and it’s annoying that a fix hasn't been released yet. - -We’ll keep you apprised if something changes and the bug gets fixed. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/OpenVPN-Import-Broken-in-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-441601.shtml - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/network-manager-openvpn/+bug/1294899 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/news/OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md b/translated/news/OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bb31de9a1a --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +Ubuntu 14.04 LTS中OpenVPN导入被破坏 +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/OpenVPN-Import-Broken-in-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-441601-2.jpg) + +**几周前Canonical公司发布了 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS版本，新的操作系统做了很大的变化，但仍有些问题 +需要解决，比如:openVPN 的导入功能**。 + +如果你曾在Ubuntu系统上使用过VPN连接，你应该知道，为了实现VPN连接不得不去官方软件包管理中心下载 network-manager-openvpn 软件包，其允许用户导入openVPN文件和所有的设置以及证书。 + +在ubuntu 14.04 LTS之前的版本，openVPN 导入功能能够正常使用，但在此之前发布的network-manager-openvpn软件包某些文件被破坏，当导入时将导致整个网络管理功能崩溃。 + +在 [Launchpad][1] 上已有匿名用户上报了这个问题, 但到目前为止该问题依然没有被修复。在3月份首次提交了该bug的报告，意味着最新的发行版本忽略了该问题。 + +随着异常的事实，该问题已经被确认，似乎没有人去修复它，或者最近将不会出现在Lanchpad上. + +事实证明，通过众多人的留下的评论来判断bug并首次上报，很值得广泛使用, 但如果没有发布修复bug的方法，那是很烦人的。 + +如果有新的改变或者这个bug被修复，我们将随时告知大家 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/OpenVPN-Import-Broken-in-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-441601.shtml + +译者：[hunanchenxingyu](https://github.com/hunanchenxingyu) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/network-manager-openvpn/+bug/1294899 \ No newline at end of file From ce6766d5a0f5d0b36c52b353ce5e0297bfe0d280 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jiajia <1534574360@qq.com> Date: Sun, 18 May 2014 10:31:53 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 119/601] Signed-off-by: jiajia <1534574360@qq.com> --- ...nly Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md | 64 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 64 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/news/Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md diff --git a/translated/news/Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md b/translated/news/Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fe9dbd47a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +【小冰占了】 +Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On +================================================================================ +inux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On +================================================================================ +![Linux Mint 17](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Linux-Mint-Will-Only-Used-Ubuntu-LTS-Releases-From-Now-On-442225-2.jpg) + +**The new Linux Mint 17 “Qiana” Release Candidate is out and it’s based on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. The interesting fact is that the next few versions will also use the same release as a base.** + +最新的 Linux Mint 17 “Qiana” RC 版本已经释出，本版本基于 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS(长期支持版本)。且将来的数个版本都会基于长期支持版本。 + +The Linux Mint developers have decided to use only Ubuntu LTS releases, which means that through the next couple of years all the new Mint versions will be based on the same operating system. + +Linux Mint的开发者，将会只使用Ubuntu的LTS发布版本作为基础，这就意味着，经过多年的版本迭代，我们的系统将会始终基于同一个操作系统 + + +“The decision was made to stick to LTS bases. In other words the development team will be focused on the very same package base used by Linux Mint 17 for the next 2 years. It will also be trivial to upgrade from version 17 to 17.1, then 17.2 and so on.” + + +“我们做这样决定的初衷，是为了保持基础依赖的稳定。换句话说，我们的开发团队会在未来两年会基于极其相似的底包用作Mint 17的开发，这会使得从17到17。1以及后续版本的升级过程变得更加平滑” + +“Important applications will be backported and we expect this change to boost the pace of our development and reduce the amount of regressions in each new Linux Mint release,” said Clement Lefebvre on the Linux Mint [blog][1]. + +“重要的应用程序将会以补丁的形式进行发布，我们希望这个改变能够加快我们开发的步伐并且减少新本版内核的回归次数”，Clement Lefebvre在Linux Mint的博客说到 + +This not exactly surprising, but it means that Linux Mint will become a distribution that is much more oriented towards stability. It also means that it will benefit from the same extended support as Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, until 2019. + + +这听起来或许并不会让你惊讶，不过此举意味着 Linux Mint 逐渐成为注重稳定的发行版，同时也意味着将会和 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 一样能够得到长达 5 年(到 2019年)的技术支持。 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Linux-Mint-Will-Only-Used-Ubuntu-LTS-Releases-From-Now-On-442225.shtml + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=2613 +**The new Linux Mint 17 “Qiana” Release Candidate is out and it’s based on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. The interesting fact is that the next few versions will also use the same release as a base.** + +The Linux Mint developers have decided to use only Ubuntu LTS releases, which means that through the next couple of years all the new Mint versions will be based on the same operating system. + +“The decision was made to stick to LTS bases. In other words the development team will be focused on the very same package base used by Linux Mint 17 for the next 2 years. It will also be trivial to upgrade from version 17 to 17.1, then 17.2 and so on.” + +“Important applications will be backported and we expect this change to boost the pace of our development and reduce the amount of regressions in each new Linux Mint release,” said Clement Lefebvre on the Linux Mint [blog][1]. + +This not exactly surprising, but it means that Linux Mint will become a distribution that is much more oriented towards stability. It also means that it will benefit from the same extended support as Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, until 2019. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Linux-Mint-Will-Only-Used-Ubuntu-LTS-Releases-From-Now-On-442225.shtml + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=2613 + + + + +最新的 Linux Mint 17 “Qiana” RC 版本已经释出，本版本基于 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS(长期支持版本)。且将来的数个版本都会基于长期支持版本。这是 Linux Mint 开发团队的决定：“我们决定将长期坚持于长期支持版本。也就是说，在未来的 2 年中，我们将注重于。同时，我们也会频繁的升级，从 17 到 17.1 到 17.2 ……”。 +Clement Lefebvre 在 Linux Mint 的博客中称：“那些重要的程序将会很快的 backport，我们希望这样的改变能够在未来的版本开发中促进开发的步伐，减少重复的劳动。”。 +此举意味着 Linux Mint 逐渐成为注重稳定的发行版，同时也意味着将会和 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 一样能够得到长达 5 年(到 2019年)的技术支持。 From 302a851cf2b8c1d5f36927ebcb8c52f3e57bee24 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: linuhap Date: Sun, 18 May 2014 16:39:51 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 120/601] translated --- ...es to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md | 34 ------------------- ...es to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md | 34 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 34 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/Limit Theory Developer Switches to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md create mode 100644 translated/news/Limit Theory Developer Switches to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md diff --git a/sources/news/Limit Theory Developer Switches to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md b/sources/news/Limit Theory Developer Switches to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md deleted file mode 100644 index 21539751fa..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/Limit Theory Developer Switches to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,34 +0,0 @@ -linuhap 翻译中 -Limit Theory Developer Switches to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying -================================================================================ -![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Limit-Theory-Developer-Switches-to-Linux-Because-Windows-is-Annoying-441642-3.jpg) - -Limit Theory, an infinite, procedural space sim developed by only one man, will launch on Linux, Windows, and Mac OS X. The developer announced that he switched from the Windows platform to Linux mostly because he was annoyed. - -Limit Theory sounds like an impossible project, especially for one man. The developer of the game, Josh Parnell, has managed to build a beautiful universe by himself and to provide support for three different platforms. - -He was able to do that because the game is written in C++ and OpenGL, which makes it quite easy to port the work on any platform. In one of his latest updates about Limit Theory, he explained that he was no longer using the Windows platform because it was "annoying," without going into any specific details. - -Even The Linux Foundation has taken notice of him and decided to promote the work that he's been doing, especially because he is a one-man show that does everything from core programming to the ambient music. - -"Game developer Josh Parnell has released the latest development update on his open-world space simulation and strategy game, Limit Theory. While the graphics are beautiful, this release is particularly notable because Parnell has switched to developing on the native Linux client version from Windows (which he called 'just annoying')" - -"Limit Theory is Kickstarter-funded as of December 2012 and has a planned release date for early 2014. When it's finished, players will be able to explore space, prospect for and mine asteroids, command a fleet of star ships, and more," notes The Linux Foundation on its [website][1]. - -The most interesting aspect of Limit Theory is the infinite universe, which might sound strange at first or like just another marketing ploy. In fact, Josh Parnell made a very smart engine that generates systems, planets, NPCs, and almost anything else as the player progresses through the universe. - -None of these elements is present when the game starts and they are produced at the player moves. This also means that no two playthroughs will be the same. - -Limit Theory managed to get all the funding it needs on Kickstarter and the developer is working full steam on it, but this is a huge undertaking and it will take some time to finish. Even if the proposed launch of January 2014 has come and gone, the fans are willing to wait, especially after seeing what the game will be capable of doing. - -Enjoy! - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Limit-Theory-Developer-Switches-to-Linux-Because-Windows-is-Annoying-441642.shtml - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/blogs/browse/2014/05/linux-video-week-limit-theory-game-developer-switches-linux diff --git a/translated/news/Limit Theory Developer Switches to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md b/translated/news/Limit Theory Developer Switches to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..26bbfa96e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/Limit Theory Developer Switches to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +极限理论游戏开发者转到Linux开发，原因是Windows很烦人 +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Limit-Theory-Developer-Switches-to-Linux-Because-Windows-is-Annoying-441642-3.jpg) + + +极限理论，一个无限的程序性的空间模拟游戏，这个游戏的开发者仅一个人，游戏将会发布Linux、Windows和Mac OS X版本。开发者宣布从Windows平台转到Linux上主要是因为他不耐烦了。 + +极限理论听起来像一个不可能的项目，特别是对于它是由一个人开发。游戏的开发者Josh Parnell自己已经努力建立一个美丽的宇宙，并提供对三个不同平台的支持。 + +他能够这样做是因为这个游戏用C++和OpenGL写的，这使游戏可以轻易地转移到任何平台开发。在最近的关于极限理论的更新中，他解释说，他不再使用Winsows平台，因为它很“讨厌”，不能进入任何具体细节。 + +甚至Linux基金会也已经注意他而且决定推动他正在做的工作，特别是因为他是一个人表演，他要做从核心程序到环境音乐的任何事。 + +“游戏开发者Josh Parnell已经发布了关于他的开放空间模拟和策略游戏——极限理论的开发更新。”图形很漂亮，但这次发布更是值得注意，因为Parnell已经从Windows转到本地Linux客户版本上开发（他说Windows很烦人）。" + +“极限理论是在2012年12在Kickstarter筹到资的，计划的发布日期是2014年初。当它完成时，游戏者将能够探索空间，在小行星上斟探和开采，指挥一队或更多的星舰。”Linux基金会在其[网站][1]上这样描述。" + +极限理论最有趣的方面是无限的宇宙，这起初听起来可能会感觉很奇怪或者像是一个营销策略。实际上，Josh Parnell 制作了一个很智能的引擎，当玩家在宇宙中发展时这个引擎产生系统，星球，NPC，几乎所有的东西。 + +这些元素在游戏开始时不存在，他们在玩家游戏运行时产生。这也意味着没有两个玩家的游戏过程是相同的。 + +极限理论在Kickstarter筹到了需要的资金，开发者正在全力以赴地开发，但是这是一个艰巨的任务，完成需要一些时间。即使拟议的发布时间2014年1月到了，粉丝们都愿意等待，特别是看到游戏将能够做什么之后。 + +期待它吧！ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Limit-Theory-Developer-Switches-to-Linux-Because-Windows-is-Annoying-441642.shtml + +译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/blogs/browse/2014/05/linux-video-week-limit-theory-game-developer-switches-linux \ No newline at end of file From 2b1239372dd89a6f784bea2721af23adcc0d2c00 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: MikeCoder Date: Sun, 18 May 2014 16:46:26 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 121/601] mikecoder translating --- ... New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md b/sources/news/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md index ae9cd70700..066c5c750d 100644 --- a/sources/news/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md +++ b/sources/news/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +Mike Coder Translating + The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/The-new-Open-Source-StuntRally-2-3-Racing-Game-Looks-Great-441726-2.jpg) @@ -27,4 +29,4 @@ via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/The-new-Open-Source-StuntRally-2-3-Racing-Ga 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [1]:https://code.google.com/p/vdrift-ogre/wiki/VersionHistory -[2]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/stuntrally/files/ \ No newline at end of file +[2]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/stuntrally/files/ From c75463e8952b4ecf97a164a8d7b36e58928b454d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Sun, 18 May 2014 17:05:13 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 122/601] Translated:How to manage passwords from the command line on Linux.md --- ...asswords from the command line on Linux.md | 55 +++++++++++++------ 1 file changed, 37 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-) rename {sources => translated}/tech/How to manage passwords from the command line on Linux.md (57%) diff --git a/sources/tech/How to manage passwords from the command line on Linux.md b/translated/tech/How to manage passwords from the command line on Linux.md similarity index 57% rename from sources/tech/How to manage passwords from the command line on Linux.md rename to translated/tech/How to manage passwords from the command line on Linux.md index 56ac1447ef..d46f855051 100644 --- a/sources/tech/How to manage passwords from the command line on Linux.md +++ b/translated/tech/How to manage passwords from the command line on Linux.md @@ -1,66 +1,76 @@ GOLinux翻译中 How to manage passwords from the command line on Linux +如何在Linux上使用命令行管理密码 ================================================================================ With password-based authentication so prevalent online these days, you may need or already use some sort of password management tool to keep track of all the passwords you are using. There are various online or offline services or software tools for that matter, and they vary in terms of their sophistication, user interface or target environments (e.g., enterprises or end users). For example, there are a few GUI-based password managers for end users, such as [KeePass(X)][1]. - +在基于密码的认证在网络盛行的今天，你可能需要或者已经使用了某种密码管理工具来跟踪管理你正在使用的所有密码。有各种各样的在线或离线服务或者软件工具用于完成此类事情，而这些工具因复杂程度、用户界面或者目标环境（如企业或终端用户）的不同而各不相同。例如，有一些是为终端用户开发基于图形化的密码管理器，如[KeePass(X)][1]。 For those of you who do not want any kind of GUI dependency for password management, I will describe how to manage passwords from the command line by using [pass][2], **a simple command-line utility for password management**. - +对于那些不想要依赖图形化进行密码管理的用户，笔者将会讲述如何在命令行下使用 [pass][2]来管理密码，**这是一个简单的用于命令行管理密码的工具**。 The pass utility is in fact a shell script frontend which uses several other tools (e.g., gpg, pwgen, git, xsel) to manage user's password info using OpenPGP. Each password is encrypted with gpg utility, and stored in a local password store. Password info can be retrieved either via terminal or self-clearing clipboard interface. - +该密码工具实际上是一个shell脚本编写的前端，其中调用了几个其它工具（如gpg，pwgen，git，xsel）来使用OpenGPG管理用户的密码信息。各个密码使用gpg工具进行加密，并存储到本地密码仓库中。密码信息可以通过终端或者自清除的剪贴板工具取回。 The pass utility is quite flexible and extremely simple to use. You can store each password info in an OpenPGP-protected plain text file, and group different password files into multiple categories. It supports bash auto completion feature, so it is very convenient to fill in commands or long password names using TAB key. - +该密码工具相当灵活，并且使用起来及其简单。你可以将各个密码信息存储到一个OpenGPG保护的普通文本文件，并且将密码文件分组放到多个类目中。它支持bash自动补全特性，因此可以很方便地使用TAB键来补全命令或者很长的秘密名称。 ### Install pass on Linux ### - +### 在Linux上安装pass ### To install pass on Debian, Ubuntu or Linux Mint: +在Debian，Ubuntu或者Linux Mint上安装pass： $ sudo apt-get install pass $ echo "source /etc/bash_completion.d/password-store" >> ~/.bashrc To install pass on Fedora: +在Fedora上安装pass： $ sudo yum install pass $ echo "source /etc/bash_completion.d/password-store" >> ~/.bashrc To install pass on CentOS, first [enable EPEL repository][3] and then run: +在CentOS上安装pass，首先[启用EPEL仓库][3]，然后执行以下命令： $ sudo yum install pass $ echo "source /etc/bash_completion.d/password-store" >> ~/.bashrc To install pass on Archlinux: +在Archlinux上安装pass： $ sudo pac -S pass $ echo "source /etc/bash_completion.d/password-store" >> ~/.bashrc ### Initialize Local Password Store ### - +### 初始化本地密码仓库 ### Before using pass utility, you need to do one-time initialization step which involves creating a GPG key pair (if you don't have one) and a local password store. - +在使用密码工具之前，你需要执行一次初始化步骤，该步骤包括创建一个GPG密钥对（如果你还没有）以及一个本地密码仓库。 First, create a GPG key pair (i.e., public/private keys) as follows. If you already have your own GPG key pair, you can skip this step. +首先，通过以下步骤创建一个GPG密钥对（即：公钥/私钥）。如果已经创建了自己的GPG密钥对，可以跳过此步骤。 $ gpg --gen-key It will ask you a series of questions as shown below. If you are not sure, you can accept default answers. As part of key generation, you will set a passphrase for your secret key, which is essentially the master password required to access any password info stored in local password store. A successfully generated key pair will be stored in ~/.gnupg - +执行该步骤，会询问你如下问题。如果你不确定，可以选择接受默认回答。作为密钥生成部分，你将要为你的密钥创建一个加密口令，这个口令本质上是你访问存储在本地密码仓库中的任何密码信息时的主密码。成功创建密钥对后，创建的密钥对会存储在~/.gnupg目录中。 ![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2922/13965806430_a19596da60_z.jpg) -Next, initialize the local password store by running the following command. For , enter the email address associated your GPG key created above. +Next, initialize the local password store by running the following command. For , enter the email address associated your GPG key created above.接下来，运行以下命令来初始化本地密码仓库。对于，输入上面创建密钥对时的关联电子邮件地址。 + $ pass init This command will create a password store under ~/.password-store directory. +该命令会在~/.password-store目录中创建一个密码仓库。 ### Manage Passwords from a Terminal with pass ### - +### 在终端使用pass管理密码 ### #### Insert new password info #### - +### 插入新密码信息 ### To insert new password info into local password store, use the following format. +要将新的密码信息插入到本地密码仓库中，请遵循以下命令格式： $ pass insert is an arbitrary name you define, and can be hierarchical (e.g., "finance/tdbank", "online/gmail.com"), in which case the password info will be created in corresponding sub-directories under ~/.password-store - +是你定义的专有名称，并且可以分级（如 "finance/tdbank", "online/gmail.com"）。在这种情况下，密码信息可以存储到~/.password-store目录下对应的子目录中。 If you want to insert password info as multi-lines, use "-m" option as follows. Type in password info in any format as you like, and press Ctrl+D to finish. +如果你想要分多行插入密码信息，请像以下命令一样使用"-m"选项。以你自己喜欢的任何格式来输入密码信息，然后按Ctrl+D来结束。 $ pass insert -m @@ -68,52 +78,61 @@ If you want to insert password info as multi-lines, use "-m" option as follows. 注：此图片暂时无法访问，不过可以直接访问flickr地址：https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14129264286/ 文章发布的时候注意此处 #### View a list of all password names #### +#### 查看所有密码名称列表 #### To view the list of all stored password names, simply type "pass": +要查看所有存储的密码名称列表，只需输入"pass"命令： $ pass ![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2905/13965804498_92b0af83cf_o.jpg) #### Retrieve password info from password store #### - +#### 从密码仓库中取回密码信息 #### To access the content of a particular password listing, simply use the command below: +要访问特定密码列表中的内容，只需使用以下命令： $ pass For example: +例如： $ pass email/gmail.com You will be asked to enter the passphrase to unlock the secret key. +会要求你输入密码口令来解锁密钥。 If you want the password to be copied to the clipboard, instead of appearing in the terminal screen, use this command instead: +如果你想要将密码复制到剪贴板，而不是显示到终端屏幕上，使用以下命令： $ pass -c email/gmail.com Once copied to the clipboard, the password will automatically be cleared from the clipboard after 45 seconds. +一旦密码被复制到剪贴板，剪贴板在45秒后会被自动清空。 #### Generate and store a new password in password store #### - +#### 在密码仓库中生成并存储新密码 #### With `pass`, you can also generate a new random password which you can use for any purpose. pass will use pwgen utility to generate a good random password. You can specify the length of a password, or generate a password with or without symbols. - +使用`pass`命令，你也可以生成一个新的随机密码，该密码可用于任何目的。pass工具将会使用pwgen工具来生成一个好的随机密码。你可以指定密码的长度，或者生成是否带有符号的密码。 For example, to generate a 10-character password with no symbol, and store it under "email/new_service.com" listing: +例如，要生成一个具有10个字符不带符号的密码，并将它存储到 "email/new_service.com"列表中： $ pass generate email/new_service.com 10 -n #### Remove password info #### - +#### 移除密码信息 #### Removing existing password info is easy: +要移除现存的密码信息是很容易的： $ pass rm email/gmail.com To summarize, pass is extremely flexible, portable, and more importantly, easy to use. I highly recommend pass to anyone looking for a simple means to organize any kind of private info in a secure fashion, without relying on GUI dependency. - +针对以上小结，pass是及其灵活，便于携带，并且更为重要的是，易于使用的一个工具。对于正在寻找能简单而行之有效地，安全地并且不依赖图形化管理任何私人信息的工具的人，笔者强烈推荐pass。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/manage-passwords-command-line-linux.html -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 7c67c213e7a55bb69520e8924736e489117210a9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: MikeCoder Date: Sun, 18 May 2014 17:18:39 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 123/601] finish translating --- ... StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md | 32 ------------------- ... StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md | 30 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md create mode 100644 translated/news/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md diff --git a/sources/news/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md b/sources/news/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md deleted file mode 100644 index 066c5c750d..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -Mike Coder Translating - -The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great -================================================================================ -![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/The-new-Open-Source-StuntRally-2-3-Racing-Game-Looks-Great-441726-2.jpg) - -StuntRally, a free racing game that features over 150 tracks and lots of cars, has just reached version 2.3 and it's sporting a new look. - -The game is built with the help of several technologies, such as Vdrift, bullet, OGRE, PagedGeometry, and MyGUI, just to name a few, but this is more than just a simple project. StuntRally is probably the most ambitious open source arcade racing game on the Linux platform and it shows from the number of features. - -Players have access to 153 tracks with a total of 24 levels, spanning over 4 hours of gameplay. StuntRally features ghost drive (chase your best time car on track), track's ghost (best drive for track, a green ghost car ES on all tracks), and replays (save your drive and watch it from other cameras later). There are also tutorials, championships, challenges, split screen, and multiplayer. And these features are just scratching the surface. - -The graphics for the StuntRally are also quite decent, if we keep in mind that this is a free game, done by people in their free time. Players will find eight graphics presets, terrain parallax, triplanar mapping, car and water reflections, water refraction, bloom, motion blur, SSAO, depth of field, god rays, and HDR. Some of these latest features will require a newer video card. - -To top it all off, the developers also implemented a Track Editor that should allow users to edit road points and their parameters in real time, to change all of the track parameters, to tweak the terrain generator, and even to modify elements of the cars while driving. - -According to the changelog, all the tracks have been renewed, all the textures for the terrain have been upgraded to 1K, blendmap noise with many parameters has been implemented, emissive light has been added on a few tracks, the grass density is now RenderToTexture, parallax has been disabled for now, dynamic camera bouncing has been added, and fuel now depends on the track length. - -Also, users can now pick the window for terrain textures, grasses, and vegetation models, the terrain editing is now a lot faster, the layer buttons have been swapped, the start position for the Track Editor has been changed, the button on Layers, Grasses, and Vegetation have been updated, a surface tab for terrain and road surface parameters has been added, and much more. - -More details about this new release of StuntRally can be found in the [announcement][1]. You can download StuntRally 2.3 right now from the official [website][2]. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/The-new-Open-Source-StuntRally-2-3-Racing-Game-Looks-Great-441726.shtml - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:https://code.google.com/p/vdrift-ogre/wiki/VersionHistory -[2]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/stuntrally/files/ diff --git a/translated/news/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md b/translated/news/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5a2c58d79d --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +StuntRally2.3新版本赛车游戏看起来好极了 +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/The-new-Open-Source-StuntRally-2-3-Racing-Game-Looks-Great-441726-2.jpg) + +StuntRally是一个有着超过150条特色赛道和大量汽车模型的免费赛车游戏，它刚刚发布了最新的2.3版本，新版本的画质有了很大的提高。 + +该游戏是建立在大量的开源技术上的，如Vdrift，bullet，OGRE，PagedGeometry和MyGUI，虽然在此仅仅举了这几个例，但是这个游戏绝对不是一个简单的项目。 仅仅从他的特点描述数中就能看出，StuntRally大概是在Linux平台上最有前景的开源街机赛车游戏。 + +玩家将会在153条赛车轨道和24个关卡中感受游戏的魅力，并且这款游戏的游戏时间将超过4小时(业界良心)。 StuntRally还有一个特色就是ghost drive模式（在比赛中最接近你的赛车的视角），轨道的ghost（每条赛道上都有一个路色的ghost记录车），当然还有重播（保存你得驾驶记录，并且你可以从其他的相机观看）。当然，游戏中也有教程，锦标赛，挑战以及多人。但是这些功能都仅仅只是最浅的特点。 + +如果我们记住，这是一个免费的游戏，仅仅是人们在闲暇时所做的，Stuntrally的图形效果就已经相当不错了。游戏中玩家需要设定八个的图形参数，包裹地形的视差，三维映射，汽车和水中的倒影，水的折射，开花，运动模糊，景深，SSAO，神的光芒，和HDR。其中一些最新的功能将需要玩家重新购买一个新的显卡。 + +除此之外，开发商还开发了赛道编辑器，允许用户实时编辑比赛道路和它们的参数，通过改变赛道的参数，来调整地形，甚至修改自己的赛车从而更加有趣的驾驶。 + +根据该修改日志，所有的赛道都被重新制作，所有的纹理地形贴图已经升级到1K像素，背景噪音目前也有了很多的变数，不再是单一的一种声音，光线现在也有了多个照射轨道，更加真实，草的密度现在已经渲染到了一个极致，动态摄像机也已经添加，并且游戏开始的燃料现在取决于轨道长度。 + +此外，用户现在可以选择的地形纹理，草和植被模型窗口，地形编辑，现在按键比之前方便了很多，新版本的编辑器中有大量的修改，比如，图层按钮已被调换，赛道编辑器的起始位置也已经改变，图层，草和植被按钮上的已被更新，对地形和路面参数的表面标签已被添加，等等。 + +关于StuntRally的这一新版本的更多详情，可在[公告][1]中找到。你现在可以从官方[网站][2]下载StuntRally2.3。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/The-new-Open-Source-StuntRally-2-3-Racing-Game-Looks-Great-441726.shtml + +译者：[MikeCoder](https://github.com/MikeCoder) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://code.google.com/p/vdrift-ogre/wiki/VersionHistory +[2]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/stuntrally/files/ From 602e2eeb1197555b9e98503bbb6a22f35d6c0357 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Sun, 18 May 2014 17:37:12 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 124/601] =?UTF-8?q?GOLinux=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E4=B8=AD:Git.?= =?UTF-8?q?..md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released.md b/sources/news/Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released.md index 85d8519733..f987fe07da 100644 --- a/sources/news/Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released.md +++ b/sources/news/Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +Translating by GoLinux! + Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Git-1-9-3-Version-Control-System-Officially-Released-441600-2.jpg) @@ -29,4 +31,4 @@ via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Git-1-9-3-Version-Control-System-Officially- [1]:https://github.com/git/git/blob/master/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.3.txt [2]:https://github.com/git/git/archive/v1.9.3.tar.gz [3]:http://git-scm.com/download/linux -[4]:http://git-scm.com/download/linux \ No newline at end of file +[4]:http://git-scm.com/download/linux From 6ca90a36dcd9b35364f6f2bc15078f62eb83115c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: disylee Date: Sun, 18 May 2014 18:24:05 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 125/601] Translate-By disylee --- ... Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md | 186 ------------------ ... Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md | 138 +++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 186 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/talk/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md create mode 100644 translated/talk/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md diff --git a/sources/talk/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md b/sources/talk/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md deleted file mode 100644 index 433abbbee1..0000000000 --- a/sources/talk/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,186 +0,0 @@ -disylee20140516的翻译，这年头，我先占个坑：）第一次 -[sailing] -5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects -================================================================================ -> From SSH to port forwarding, these advanced techniques will ease Raspberry Pi development. - -You’re in command of the command line. You’re not a noob at setting up NOOBS. Slowly but surely, you’re learning your way around the affordable, credit card-size computer for DIY tinkering, Raspberry Pi. - -> See also: [The Quantified Fish: How My Aquarium Uses Raspberry Pi][1] - -However, there’s a steep jump-off point between the basics and the intermediate stuff. When you move from “setting up your Pi” tutorials to stuff like “building a media server,” the pre-project requirements start to get a little dicey. Many intermediate Pi tutorials, including some of the ones here on ReadWrite, assume a few things about your Raspberry Pi setup. - -Not every project will require all of the techniques suggested here, but knowing these procedures will make projects that do require them go much more smoothly later. - -When you’re ready to go beyond the basics, here are some things you can do to prepare your Raspberry Pi for any pre-requirements that a tutorial could throw at you. - -### 1) Using SSH ### - -SSH, which stands for [Secure Shell][2], is a cryptographic network protocol that lets you securely transfer data between your computer and your Raspberry Pi. Projects might require it so you can control your Raspberry Pi from your computer's command line without hooking it up to a monitor or keyboard. - -SSH now comes pre-installed in Raspberry Pi operating system [Raspbian][3], so if you have installed the latest or close-to-latest version of NOOBS, you already have it. - -To use SSH, first you need your Pi’s IP address. Boot your Pi to the command line and type: - - sudo ifconfig - -[Three paragraphs will appear][4]. Your IP address will show up in either the first or the third line, depending on whether your Raspberry Pi is hooked up to an ethernet cable or via a wifi adaptor. If it's ethernet, look in the first paragraph, which starts with "eth0." If it's wifi, look in the third paragraph, which starts with "wlan0." - -Either way, you'll see the words “inet addr” followed by an IP—something like 192.168.2.2, a pretty common default IP address that we’ll use for the duration of this article. - -Now you have the address that'll allow you to access the Pi from your computer. If you’re on a Mac, you already have built-in SSH. Launch the Terminal application and type: - - ssh pi@192.168.2.2 - -It’ll ask for your password. By default, this is always "raspberry." If you’ve changed it to something else, use that instead. Now, you’re in! - -If you’re on a PC, there’s an extra step. - -![](http://readwrite.com/files/putty2.jpg) - -Download and run [PuTTY][5] or another SSH client for Windows. Enter your IP address in the field, as shown in the above screenshot. Keep the default port at 22. Hit enter, and PuTTY will open a terminal window which will prompt you for your username and password. Fill those in, and begin working remotely on your Pi. - -### 2) Remote Desktop Your Raspberry Pi ### - -SSH is great for remote controlling your Pi from the command line. But what if you’d like to work off of its Graphical User Interface (GUI)? Fortunately, this is already built in for Macs and PCs. - -On your Raspberry Pi’s command line, (and yes, you can do this with SSH), type: - - sudo apt-get install xrdp - -Xrdp is a [daemon][6], a computer process that runs in the background that can support Microsoft Remote Desktop Client on both Mac and PC. Once it's installed on your Raspberry Pi, your Mac or PC will be able to access it through the client. - -Search your computer for a program called Remote Desktop Client. It’s not exactly hidden per se, but it’s not stored in your application folder. - -![](http://readwrite.com/files/Screen%20Shot%202014-04-07%20at%2010.14.13%20PM.png) - -Input the IP address when prompted. Next, an xrdp window will pop up, prompting you for your username and password. - -![](http://readwrite.com/files/Screen%20Shot%202014-04-07%20at%2010.14.31%20PM.png) - -If all goes well, you’ll see your Raspberry Pi’s desktop in a window on your computer screen. - -![](http://readwrite.com/files/Screen%20Shot%202014-04-07%20at%2010.14.48%20PM.png) - -### 3) Static IP For Your Pi On The Home Network ### - -That Raspberry Pi IP we found earlier (in Step 1) may work for now, but there’s no guarantee your router will keep assigning the same IP address to your Pi forever. That means the other computers on your network won’t know which IP address the Pi lives at. So how do you assign it a static IP instead of having to use the “sudo ifconfig” command every few days, or worse, hours? - -Predictably, we begin with "ifconfig." So type: - - sudo ifconfig - -Get a pen and paper ready, and record the following three addresses [listed after eth0][7] (The comments after the hashes are my descriptions. They won't show up in the code.): - - inet addr: 192.168.2.2 # Pi's Current IP Address - - Bcast: 192.168.0.255 # The Broadcast IP Range - - Mask: 255.255.255.0 # Subnet Mask Address - -You still need two more pieces of information. So type the following line to get the Gateway and Destination addresses: - - netstat -nr - -Next, go to your router’s configuration. (How you do this is dependent on which router you have, so check the manual.) Find out which addresses the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is giving out to your devices. These are off-limits addresses, since the protocol is already using them. So pick one that isn’t being used—for example, 192.168.2.2. Your router may allow you to reserve an unused IP address and assign it to a local device like the Raspberry Pi. (If you have a Belkin router, this is probably the case.) **If so, you can stop here**. - -If not, you need to let the Raspberry Pi know what its new IP address is. We’ll do this by editing a configuration file on the Pi in the nano text editor: - - sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces - -Change the line “iface eth0 inet dhcp” to “iface eth0 inet static” to inform it that it’s now static. - -Then enter the following, but replace the X's with the addresses you copied down earlier! The top address is the one we’ve decided to assign after looking at what our DHCP wasn’t already using. - - address 192.168.2.2 - - netmask XXX.XXX.XXX.X - - network XXX.XXX.X.X - - broadcast XXX.XXX.X.X - - gateway XXX.XXX.X.X - -Reboot the Raspberry Pi with “sudo reboot” and run “ifconfig” one more time. Your new static settings should appear! - -### 4) Forwarding Ports To Raspberry Pi ### - -Some Pi projects may require you forward a specific Internet port to your Raspberry Pi. Ports are virtual pathways where information travels on the Internet. You sometimes need to forward a port in order to make a computer, like the Raspberry Pi, accessible to the Internet even if it’s behind a router. It's kind of like dialing an extension on a phone network. - -Port forwarding can be used for projects like a [Raspberry Pi web server][8], Voice Over IP on the Pi, or simply for peer-to-peer downloading. There are 65,000+ ports to choose from, so you can assign a different port for traffic for every Raspberry Pi project you do. - -Some ports are default for certain things. Port 80 is default for HTML pages. Port 21 is default for FTP (File Transfer Protocol) transferring. Port 1194 is default for setting up a VPN server. So a lot of the time, you can just go with whichever port is set as the default. - -The way to set up port forwarding is entirely dependent on your router, so it’s difficult to create a tutorial for port forwarding beyond [what it actually does][9]. Read the documentation that comes with your router in order to customize and define ports to forward. - -Here are some port forwarding tutorials for major router manufacturers: - -- [Belkin][10] -- [Netgear][11] -- [Linksys][12] - -### 5) Static IP For Your Pi On The Internet ### - -Once again, if your ISP already gives you a static IP address, you don't need to worry about this section. - -We’ve already set up a static internal IP address for the Raspberry Pi, which means computers inside your local network will always know where to find your Pi. But what about projects that require Raspberry Pi to be connected to the Internet? If you want to build a Web server with your Raspberry Pi, people outside your network need to know where your Pi lives, which means setting a public IP that always looks the same. - -I say “looks the same” because we’re really setting up a pseudo-static IP. Your ISP will continue to change the address as usual. So every time somebody connects to your Pi, the script we’re about to write will say, “Looks like the Pi has moved! Let me redirect you to the new address." - -We do this with a [Dynamic DNS][13] (DDNS), which maintains a name server that gets updated in real-time, and [DDClient][14], a program that will correspond with DDNS directly from your Pi. - -First sign up for a free dynamic host service like [DNS Dynamic][15]. Follow the instructions and create a new nameserver like Yourserver.dnsdynamic.com. - -Now go to the command line on your Raspberry Pi and install DDClient with the following line: - - sudo apt-get install ddclient - -We need to edit the DDClient configuration with our DDNS's new name server: - - sudo nano /etc/ddclient/ddclient.conf - -Every service will have slightly different configuration, but the DDNS website should tell you what you need to do to configure this file. A standard configuration for DNS Dynamic, for example, [goes like this][16]. Copy and paste it in. - -Your ISP isn’t going to just stop updating the Raspberry Pi’s IP address because of this file, however, so we need to put a daemon at the very top of this script to tell it to continually check whether or not the IP address has changed. - - daemon=600 - # check every 600 seconds - -This one checks every 10 minutes, which is just good practice. If you set it up to check every second, your dynamic service may not appreciate it because you'll be literally spamming their servers. Press Control + X to save and exit this configuration file. - -After this, type: - - ddclient - -> See also: [12 Cool Projects For Your Raspberry Pi][17] - -Simply typing the name of the program will run it. It’ll continue to run as long as your Raspberry Pi is turned on. If you reboot your Pi, write “ddclient” to start running it again. - -Now your Raspberry Pi is tricked out and ready for more advanced tutorials. Have fun and learn lots! - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://readwrite.com/2014/04/09/raspberry-pi-projects-ssh-remote-desktop-static-ip-tutorial#feed=/hack&awesm=~oB1b7zvteUQGOV - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://readwrite.com/2014/03/04/raspberry-pi-quantified-fish-acquarium#awesm=~oAWz5ZbkX6w7ZL -[2]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Shell -[3]:http://www.raspbian.org/ -[4]:https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruits-raspberry-pi-lesson-3-network-setup/finding-your-pis-ip-address -[5]:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/ -[6]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daemon_(computing) -[7]:https://www.modmypi.com/blog/tutorial-how-to-give-your-raspberry-pi-a-static-ip-address -[8]:http://raspberrywebserver.com/serveradmin/get-your-raspberry-pi-web-site-on-line.html -[9]:http://portforward.com/help/portforwarding.htm -[10]:http://www.belkin.com/us/support-article?articleNum=10790 -[11]:http://kb.netgear.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/24046/~/how-do-i-configure-port-forwarding-on-routers-with-the-netgear-genie-interface%3F -[12]:http://kb.linksys.com/Linksys/ukp.aspx?pid=80&vw=1&articleid=21470 -[13]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_DNS -[14]:http://sourceforge.net/p/ddclient/wiki/Home/ -[15]:https://www.dnsdynamic.org/ -[16]:http://dnsdynamic.blog.com/2011/06/26/using-ddclient-with-dnsdynamic/ -[17]:http://readwrite.com/2014/01/21/raspberry-pi-great-projects#feed=/search?keyword=raspberry+pi&awesm=~oAWzuuuChYu9vm diff --git a/translated/talk/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md b/translated/talk/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..48ab6bb973 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/talk/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md @@ -0,0 +1,138 @@ + +5个指引提升你的树莓派项目 + +> 从SSH到端口转发，这些先进技术将使树莓派的发展轻松前进。 +当你命令行输入命令时，你将不再是一个新手在做一些陌生的设置了。虽然进度缓慢，但是你正在通过你的方式去学习使用这廉价的，信用卡尺寸的大计算机去满足一些DIY想法，这就是树莓派。 + + +> 然而，在基础和中间的东西之间还是存在较大差距。当你从“设置你的派”的教程例如“创建一个媒体服务器”，前期项目的需求就变得有点冒险了。许多中级的Pi教程，包括其中的一些读写操作，例如一些关于树莓派的安装设置。 并非每一个项目都需要教程里的所有建议，但是知道这些步骤可以使项目更顺利地贴合需求。当你准备超越基础知识时，这里有一些关于树莓派的教程将提前为你准备。 +### 1) Using SSH ### +使用SSH登录 +SSH代表Secure Shell，是一种加密网络协议，用于安全地传输你的计算机与树莓派之间的数据。项目中也许需要你通过计算机的命令行而不是直接通过链接显示器和键盘来实现。如今SSH已经提前安装在树莓派系统中，所以如果你安装的是最新版本或者接近最新版本的树莓派都是支持SSH使用的。 +如何使用SSH，第一，你需要知道你的派的IP地址，在你的派中输入一下命令： + + sudo ifconfig +你的IP地址将会在第一段或者第三段显示，这主要看你的树莓派是通过线缆还是通过WIFI适配器连接网络的。如果是通过线缆连接，那请查看第一段，在“eth0”那行开始显示。如果是通过wifi链接，将在第三段“wlan0”开头的地方显示。 +无论通过哪种方式，你将会看到以“inet addr”开头后面跟着像192.168.2.2这样类型的IP地址，这是我们在这篇文章中经常引用到的一种默认IP地址格式。 +现在你有一个可以链接树莓派与你的电脑的IP地址了，如果你使用的是Mac，你已经建立了SSH链接，启动你的终端应用并输入： + + ssh pi@192.168.2.2 +连接之后将会要求输入密码，默认情况下，密码一般是“respberry”.如果你修改了默认密码，请输入新的密码取而代之。这样，您将进入树莓派系统。 +如果你在一台PC，那这是一个多余的步骤。 + +下载并运行PuTTY或者另一种支持Windows系统的SSH客户端。输入你的IP地址在空格 中，如一下截图所示。将默认端口设置成22.点击enter，PuTTY将会提示你输入用户名和密码。填完之后，将可以开始在你的Pi里远程工作了。 +### 2) Remote Desktop Your Raspberry Pi ### +使用远程桌面工具到你的树莓派 + +使用SSH去从命令行远程控制你的Pi是极好的，但是如果你想通过图形界面去管理你的Pi。幸运的是MAC和PC都已经建立了这种接口。 +在你的树莓派中的命令行（当然你也可以通过SSH来操作），输入： + + sudo apt-get install xrdp + +Xdrp是一种在可以在后台运行的计算机守护进程，并可以在Mac和PC中支持微软远程桌面客户端。通过一旦在树莓派中安装了，你的MAC或者PC将可以通过客户端登录到Pi中。 +找到你电脑中一个叫远程桌面的客户端。它本身是不完全隐藏起来的，但不会隐藏在应用程序的文件夹中。 + +出现提示时输入你的IP地址。接下来会弹出xrdp窗口，提示你输入用户名和密码。 +如果进展顺利，你的树莓派桌面就会在你的窗口或者在电脑屏幕上显示。 +### 3) Static IP For Your Pi On The Home Network ### +在您的同网段给树莓派设置静态IP地址 +我们发现如第一步所说很容易就可以管理树莓派，但是不能保证你的路由器会一直给你的树莓派分配一个永久固定的IP地址。这意味着在你网段中的计算机无法知道树莓派被分配了什么IP地址。那么如何来给树莓派分配静态的IP地址而不是每隔几天就在树莓派上执行“sudo ifconfig”命令，有时候情况糟糕，几个小时就更变了一次IP。 +可想而知，我们从“ifconfig”命令开始，所以输入： + + sudo ifconfig +拿出笔和纸做准备，记录下面的三个IP地址。（#后面的代码是注释，不会在显示.）： + + inet addr: 192.168.2.2 # Pi's Current IP Address + + Bcast: 192.168.0.255 # The Broadcast IP Range + + Mask: 255.255.255.0 # Subnet Mask Address + +此外，你还需要知道另外2个信息。请输入一下命令获取网关和目的地址。 + + netstat -nr + +接下来，去查看你路由器上的配置。（如何进行这一步主要取决于你用什么路由器，所以还是查看下说明书吧）找出你的设备通过DHCP设置了哪段ip地址。有些地址是被禁止使用的，因为有些协议中已经使用了。所以要选择没有被使用过的，例如，192.168.2.2.你的路由器会保留一个未使用的IP地址分配给想树莓派这样的设备。（如果你的路由器是Belkin，那大概就是这样） + +如果不是，你需要让树莓派知道它的新的ip地址。我们通过nano编辑器来编辑树莓派中相关的文件。 + + sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces + +将“iface eth0 inet dhcp”这一段修改成“iface eth0 inet static”，也就是将动态获取IP修改成静态IP。 + +接下来输入如下，将下列X取代成你之前所复制的IP地址。最上面的地址是我们将要把DHCP中没有使用的IP地址分配作为树莓派的静态IP地址。 + + address 192.168.2.2 + + netmask XXX.XXX.XXX.X + + network XXX.XXX.X.X + + broadcast XXX.XXX.X.X + + gateway XXX.XXX.X.X + +使用“sudo reboot”的命令重启树莓派系统后再命令行在再输入“ifconfig”，我们刚刚新设置的静态IP设置就会呈现。 + +### 4) Forwarding Ports To Raspberry Pi ### +端口转发至树莓派 + +一些Pi程序可能需要你转发一个特定的网络端口号到你的树莓派。端口是信息在互联网传送的虚拟路径。有时候你需要转发一个端口来使像树莓派的计算机可以访问互联网，即使绕过了路由器。这种情况有点像拨电话在网络上的延升。 +端口转发能够用于像树莓派网页服务器，树莓派的IP语音服务器或者简单的点对点下载。奖金65，000个端口可供选择，你可以分配不同的端口给不同的树莓派项目用来进行通信。 +默认情况下，某些端口代表着特定的应用。例如80端口默认为HTML页面，21端口默认代表文件传输协议，1194端口默认为设置VPN服务器。所以大多情况下，你需要选择一些没有被默认制定的端口号来设置。 +设置端口转发的方法完全取决于你的路由器，于是很难创建一个固定的关于设置端口转发教程。你只能阅读你路由器的说明书来定义端口和转发了。 +下面链接了几个主流路由器厂商的端口转发教程。 + +- [Belkin][10] +- [Netgear][11] +- [Linksys][12] + +### 5) Static IP For Your Pi On The Internet ### +在网络中给你的Pi设置静态IP +再次声明，如果你的运营商给了你一个静态IP，你就不需要担心这个部分了。 +我们已经给树莓派设置了一个静态的内部IP地址，这意味着在你的内部网络中总是能够连到你的树莓派。但是如果程序需要树莓派连接到互联网呢？如果你想要在你的树莓派上搭建一个Web服务器，在你网络之外的人们需要知道你的Pi在哪里，这意味着我们要来设置一个像静态IP的公有IP地址。 +我之所以说“看起来像”是因为我们已经设置了一个伪静态IP地址。通常，你所在的运营商将会继续更变。所以每一次有人连接到你的树莓派时，将要重新写脚本时，都会发现得树莓派已经移动，我们需要重新更改新的IP地址。 +我们是可以通过DDNS（即动态DNS）,这可以保持一个名称服务器得到实时更新，相关程序和树莓派就通过DDNS保持相对应。 +首先需要注册一个动态的主机服务。根据指示并创建新的名称服务器类似Yourserver.dnsdynamic.com. +接下来进入树莓派中的命令行根据下面命令来安装DDNS客户端： + + sudo apt-get install ddclient +我们需要编辑DDNS客户端配置更改新的名称服务器： + + sudo nano /etc/ddclient/ddclient.conf +每种服务配置都会有略微的不同，但是DDNS网址会告诉你需要配置相关文件中的内容。一个标准的DDNS配置，将会举例，可以从中复制和粘贴。 +由于这个文件的存在，你所在的运营商将不会停止更新树莓派的IP地址，因此我们需要设置一个守护进程在脚本的最前面以确保检查IP地址是否已经更改。 + + daemon=600 + # check every 600 seconds +这里设置的是每10分钟检查一次，这里只是一个练习。如果你设置成每秒钟检查一次，你的动态服务器应该不会接受，因为这样就像扔垃圾邮件到服务器。同事按下ctrl+x保存并退出配置文件。 +接下来，输入： + ddclient +只需要输入程序的名称就可以运行了。当你的树莓派开着的时候就会持续运行了。如果你重启树莓派，键入 “ddclient”就会重新开始运行了。 +现在你的树莓派已经被装修一番和准备了更高级的教程了，请从中获得更多乐趣吧！ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://readwrite.com/2014/04/09/raspberry-pi-projects-ssh-remote-desktop-static-ip-tutorial#feed=/hack&awesm=~oB1b7zvteUQGOV + +译者：disylee(https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://readwrite.com/2014/03/04/raspberry-pi-quantified-fish-acquarium#awesm=~oAWz5ZbkX6w7ZL +[2]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Shell +[3]:http://www.raspbian.org/ +[4]:https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruits-raspberry-pi-lesson-3-network-setup/finding-your-pis-ip-address +[5]:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/ +[6]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daemon_(computing) +[7]:https://www.modmypi.com/blog/tutorial-how-to-give-your-raspberry-pi-a-static-ip-address +[8]:http://raspberrywebserver.com/serveradmin/get-your-raspberry-pi-web-site-on-line.html +[9]:http://portforward.com/help/portforwarding.htm +[10]:http://www.belkin.com/us/support-article?articleNum=10790 +[11]:http://kb.netgear.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/24046/~/how-do-i-configure-port-forwarding-on-routers-with-the-netgear-genie-interface%3F +[12]:http://kb.linksys.com/Linksys/ukp.aspx?pid=80&vw=1&articleid=21470 +[13]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_DNS +[14]:http://sourceforge.net/p/ddclient/wiki/Home/ +[15]:https://www.dnsdynamic.org/ +[16]:http://dnsdynamic.blog.com/2011/06/26/using-ddclient-with-dnsdynamic/ +[17]:http://readwrite.com/2014/01/21/raspberry-pi-great-projects#feed=/search?keyword=raspberry+pi&awesm=~oAWzuuuChYu9vm From 0f9faf723ea4eb54c3b23d77fd76f6f13eff9761 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sun, 18 May 2014 22:01:07 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 126/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=89=8B=E5=B0=BE?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...d Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md | 58 ------------------- ...d Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md | 36 ++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 58 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md diff --git a/sources/tech/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md b/sources/tech/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md deleted file mode 100644 index f4623867c7..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,58 +0,0 @@ -CHINAANSHE翻译 -How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer -================================================================================ -![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/How-to-Install-Windows-8-1-and-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-on-the-Same-Computer-440356-2.jpg) - -**Numerous Windows users are looking to also try a Linux operating system without deleting the one they are already using. They will be happy to know that this can be done quite easily and that Linux OSes are usually more friendly towards other operating systems that share the same computer.** - -If you are a Windows user and you want to give Ubuntu a go, for example, the procedure is actually quite simple and involves very little effort from the user, who only has to pay a little attention to the procedures. - -A normal installation of a new operating system on a PC is not complicated, not even with Linux and Ubuntu. For the most part, users only click next in the dialogs and everything is taken care of by the scripts. When you want to preserve an operating system that is also present on the same PC (it doesn't have to be a Windows one specifically), a little more work is required, but that can be handled very easily. - -Writing an Ubuntu image from Linux is easy and it can be done with a number of applications. On Windows you will need to get Ubuntu either on a DVD or on a USB (which is preferable). In order to get Ubuntu properly copied to a USB device, you will need to download a handy little tool called [Win32 Disk Imager 0.9.5][1]. It features a simple interface and it's fully automated. - -Now, before rebooting to get Ubuntu installed, you might want to set some free space aside that will be available for Ubuntu, but a partition will not be enough. You will need two of them, one for Ubuntu itself (10GB should suffice if you don't plan to get too many applications) and a second partition for the Swap (the pagefile equivalent for Windows), which has to be double the amount of you RAM memory. You don't need to format them, just make sure they are free. If you install Ubuntu on a second HDD, that's even better. - -Plug the USB in and reboot. You will get a prompt to Try or Install. Choose Install and read the options you are given: Install Ubuntu Alongside Windows 8 (or whatever version you have), Replace Windows 8 with Ubuntu, or Something Else. - -You can choose to install alongside Windows 8, but you might not like what the installer will choose for you. It's better to hit Something Else and install it manually. - -Spot the free partition that you set aside for Ubuntu (the installer doesn't read volume names from Windows), double click on it, select EXT4 as the filesystem, and “/” as the default mount point. - -Now select the smaller partition and choose SWAP as the filesystem. That is all. Once you hit Next, the installation will start and you will have to choose the name, password, and other such details. - -The next time you boot you will get a simple list of operating systems that will allow you to choose whichever OS you prefer. - -Enjoy! - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - 如何在同一台计算机上安装Windows 8.1和Ubuntu 14.04 LTS -![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/How-to-Install-Windows-8-1-and-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-on-the-Same-Computer-440356-2.jpg) - **许多Windows用户，正在去尝试使用Linux操作系统，并且不用删除其它正在使用的系统。他们知道Linux操作系统，很容易更好的对待共享的同一台计算机上的其他操作系统，会很高兴的。** - 如果你是Windows用户，你想去安装Ubuntu。例如，程序实际上是相当简单的，需要一点小小的努力来自用户，他们只需要关注一下本程序。 - - 一种新的基于PC操作系统正常的安装并不复杂，Ubuntu和Linux同样也是。在大多数情况下，用户单击“下一步”对话框中，所有的都是按照这个脚本。当你想保存，也存在于相同的PC操作系统（不一定是Windows专门），更多的工作是必需的，但可以很容易。 - - 从Ubuntu Linux编写一个图像是容易的，这是可以做到的一些应用程序。在Windows你将需要Ubuntu任何一个dvd上或USB（最好是）。为了让Ubuntu正确复制到一个USB设备，你将需要下载一个小巧的工具称为Win32 Disk Imager 0.9.5。它具有一个简单的界面，它是完全自动的。 - - 现在，把Ubuntu安装重启之前，你可能要设置一些自由的空间，将用于Ubuntu，但一个分区是不够的。您将需要两个，一个Ubuntu本身的（大约10GB，如果你不想安装太多的应用的话，就足够了）和第二分区（Windows,pagefile等），这是増加你的内存。你不需要的他们，但他们都是免费的。如果你在第二HDD安装Ubuntu，那就更好了。 - - 插上USB和重新启动。你会得到一个提示试用或安装。选择安装并给你选择：安装Ubuntu和Windows 8（或任何你拥有版本），替换Windows 8与Ubuntu，或者别的什么。 - - 你可以选择安装在Windows 8，但你也许不喜欢，安装程序将为你选择。这是更好地打击其他手动安装。 - - 发现，你放置Ubuntu空闲分区（安装程序无法读取Windows卷名称），双击它，选择ext4文件系统，和“/”作为默认的安装点。 - - 现在选择较小的分区和选择交换文件。就这些了。当你点击下一步，安装程序将启动，你将要选择的名称，密码，和其他细节。 - - 下次当你启动你时将得到一个简单的操作系统，将让你选择你喜欢的操作系统列表。 - - 尽情享受！ - -via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/How-to-Install-Windows-8-1-and-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-on-the-Same-Computer-440356.shtml - -译者：[CHINAANSHE](https://github.com/CHINAANSHE) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.softpedia.com/get/CD-DVD-Tools/Data-CD-DVD-Burning/Win32-Disk-Imager.shtml diff --git a/translated/tech/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md b/translated/tech/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..da800a2694 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +如何在同一台计算机上安装Windows 8.1和Ubuntu 14.04 LTS +================================================================================ + +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/How-to-Install-Windows-8-1-and-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-on-the-Same-Computer-440356-2.jpg) + +**许多Windows用户，正在去尝试使用Linux操作系统，并且不用删除其它正在使用的系统。他们知道Linux操作系统，很容易更好的对待共享的同一台计算机上的其他操作系统，会很高兴的。** + +如果你是Wi如果你是Windows用户，你想去安装Ubuntu。例如，程序实际上是相当简单的，需要一点小小的努力来自用户，他们只需要关注一下本程序。 + +一种新的基于PC操作系统正常的安装并不复杂，Ubuntu和Linux同样也是。在大多数情况下，用户单击“下一步”对话框中，所有的都是按照这个脚本。当你想保存，也存在于相同的PC操作系统（不一定是Windows专门），更多的工作是必需的，但可以很容易。 + +从Ubuntu Linux编写一个图像是容易的，这是可以做到的一些应用程序。在Windows你将需要Ubuntu任何一个dvd上或USB（最好是）。为了让Ubuntu正确复制到一个USB设备，你将需要下载一个小巧的工具称为Win32 Disk Imager 0.9.5。它具有一个简单的界面，它是完全自动的。 + +现在，把Ubuntu安装重启之前，你可能要设置一些自由的空间，将用于Ubuntu，但一个分区是不够的。您将需要两个，一个Ubuntu本身的（大约10GB，如果你不想安装太多的应用的话，就足够了）和第二分区（Windows,pagefile等），这是増加你的内存。你不需要的他们，但他们都是免费的。如果你在第二HDD安装Ubuntu，那就更好了。 + +插上USB和重新启动。你会得到一个提示试用或安装。选择安装并给你选择：安装Ubuntu和Windows 8（或任何你拥有版本），替换Windows 8与Ubuntu，或者别的什么。 + +你可以选择安装在Windows 8，但你也许不喜欢，安装程序将为你选择。这是更好地打击其他手动安装。 + +发现，你放置Ubuntu空闲分区（安装程序无法读取Windows卷名称），双击它，选择ext4文件系统，和“/”作为默认的安装点。 + +现在选择较小的分区和选择交换文件。就这些了。当你点击下一步，安装程序将启动，你将要选择的名称，密码，和其他细节。 + +下次当你启动你时将得到一个简单的操作系统，将让你选择你喜欢的操作系统列表。 + +尽情享受！ + +------------------ + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/How-to-Install-Windows-8-1-and-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-on-the-Same-Computer-440356.shtml + +译者：[CHINAANSHE](https://github.com/CHINAANSHE) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.softpedia.com/get/CD-DVD-Tools/Data-CD-DVD-Burning/Win32-Disk-Imager.shtml From b262c8cefd3d05a2811c2a264bbb77d41e583514 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sun, 18 May 2014 22:26:52 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 127/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=89=8B=E5=B0=BE=E5=92=8C=E6=A0=A1?= =?UTF-8?q?=E5=AF=B9?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...nly Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md | 24 --------- ...nly Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md | 53 ++++--------------- 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 68 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md diff --git a/sources/news/Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md b/sources/news/Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md deleted file mode 100644 index 390199e324..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,24 +0,0 @@ -【小冰占了】 -Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On -================================================================================ -![Linux Mint 17](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Linux-Mint-Will-Only-Used-Ubuntu-LTS-Releases-From-Now-On-442225-2.jpg) - -**The new Linux Mint 17 “Qiana” Release Candidate is out and it’s based on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. The interesting fact is that the next few versions will also use the same release as a base.** - -The Linux Mint developers have decided to use only Ubuntu LTS releases, which means that through the next couple of years all the new Mint versions will be based on the same operating system. - -“The decision was made to stick to LTS bases. In other words the development team will be focused on the very same package base used by Linux Mint 17 for the next 2 years. It will also be trivial to upgrade from version 17 to 17.1, then 17.2 and so on.” - -“Important applications will be backported and we expect this change to boost the pace of our development and reduce the amount of regressions in each new Linux Mint release,” said Clement Lefebvre on the Linux Mint [blog][1]. - -This not exactly surprising, but it means that Linux Mint will become a distribution that is much more oriented towards stability. It also means that it will benefit from the same extended support as Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, until 2019. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Linux-Mint-Will-Only-Used-Ubuntu-LTS-Releases-From-Now-On-442225.shtml - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=2613 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/news/Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md b/translated/news/Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md index fe9dbd47a4..46a4249853 100644 --- a/translated/news/Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md +++ b/translated/news/Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md @@ -1,64 +1,29 @@ -【小冰占了】 Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On ================================================================================ -inux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On -================================================================================ ![Linux Mint 17](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Linux-Mint-Will-Only-Used-Ubuntu-LTS-Releases-From-Now-On-442225-2.jpg) -**The new Linux Mint 17 “Qiana” Release Candidate is out and it’s based on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. The interesting fact is that the next few versions will also use the same release as a base.** +最新的 Linux Mint 17 “Qiana” RC 版本已经释出，本版本基于 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS(长期支持版本)。一个有趣的变化是，将来的数个版本都会基于长期支持版本。 -最新的 Linux Mint 17 “Qiana” RC 版本已经释出，本版本基于 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS(长期支持版本)。且将来的数个版本都会基于长期支持版本。 +Linux Mint的开发者已经决定只使用Ubuntu的LTS版本作为基础版本，这就意味着，之后几年的新版本将会始终基于同一个发行版。 -The Linux Mint developers have decided to use only Ubuntu LTS releases, which means that through the next couple of years all the new Mint versions will be based on the same operating system. - -Linux Mint的开发者，将会只使用Ubuntu的LTS发布版本作为基础，这就意味着，经过多年的版本迭代，我们的系统将会始终基于同一个操作系统 - - -“The decision was made to stick to LTS bases. In other words the development team will be focused on the very same package base used by Linux Mint 17 for the next 2 years. It will also be trivial to upgrade from version 17 to 17.1, then 17.2 and so on.” - - -“我们做这样决定的初衷，是为了保持基础依赖的稳定。换句话说，我们的开发团队会在未来两年会基于极其相似的底包用作Mint 17的开发，这会使得从17到17。1以及后续版本的升级过程变得更加平滑” - -“Important applications will be backported and we expect this change to boost the pace of our development and reduce the amount of regressions in each new Linux Mint release,” said Clement Lefebvre on the Linux Mint [blog][1]. - -“重要的应用程序将会以补丁的形式进行发布，我们希望这个改变能够加快我们开发的步伐并且减少新本版内核的回归次数”，Clement Lefebvre在Linux Mint的博客说到 - -This not exactly surprising, but it means that Linux Mint will become a distribution that is much more oriented towards stability. It also means that it will benefit from the same extended support as Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, until 2019. +“这样的决定将让Minit固定在LTS主干上。换句话说，我们的开发团队会在未来两年内基于基本差不多的底包用作Mint 17的开发，这会使得从17到17.1、17.2以及后续版本的升级过程变得更加平滑。” +“重要的应用程序将会以反向移植的形式进行发布，我们希望这个改变能够加快我们开发的步伐，并且减少新本版本开发时的回归成本”，Clement Lefebvre在Linux Mint的[博客][1]说到。 这听起来或许并不会让你惊讶，不过此举意味着 Linux Mint 逐渐成为注重稳定的发行版，同时也意味着将会和 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 一样能够得到长达 5 年(到 2019年)的技术支持。 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Linux-Mint-Will-Only-Used-Ubuntu-LTS-Releases-From-Now-On-442225.shtml +你现在就可以从 Softpedia 下载 [Linux Mint 17 RC “Qiana” Cinnamon][2] 和 [Linux Mint 17 RC “Qiana” MATE][3] 。 -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=2613 -**The new Linux Mint 17 “Qiana” Release Candidate is out and it’s based on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. The interesting fact is that the next few versions will also use the same release as a base.** - -The Linux Mint developers have decided to use only Ubuntu LTS releases, which means that through the next couple of years all the new Mint versions will be based on the same operating system. - -“The decision was made to stick to LTS bases. In other words the development team will be focused on the very same package base used by Linux Mint 17 for the next 2 years. It will also be trivial to upgrade from version 17 to 17.1, then 17.2 and so on.” - -“Important applications will be backported and we expect this change to boost the pace of our development and reduce the amount of regressions in each new Linux Mint release,” said Clement Lefebvre on the Linux Mint [blog][1]. - -This not exactly surprising, but it means that Linux Mint will become a distribution that is much more oriented towards stability. It also means that it will benefit from the same extended support as Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, until 2019. +注意这是一个开发版本，不应该使用在生产环境中，只用于测试用途。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Linux-Mint-Will-Only-Used-Ubuntu-LTS-Releases-From-Now-On-442225.shtml -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[jiajia9linuxer](https://github.com/jiajia9linuxer) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [1]:http://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=2613 - - - - -最新的 Linux Mint 17 “Qiana” RC 版本已经释出，本版本基于 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS(长期支持版本)。且将来的数个版本都会基于长期支持版本。这是 Linux Mint 开发团队的决定：“我们决定将长期坚持于长期支持版本。也就是说，在未来的 2 年中，我们将注重于。同时，我们也会频繁的升级，从 17 到 17.1 到 17.2 ……”。 -Clement Lefebvre 在 Linux Mint 的博客中称：“那些重要的程序将会很快的 backport，我们希望这样的改变能够在未来的版本开发中促进开发的步伐，减少重复的劳动。”。 -此举意味着 Linux Mint 逐渐成为注重稳定的发行版，同时也意味着将会和 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 一样能够得到长达 5 年(到 2019年)的技术支持。 +[2]:http://linux.softpedia.com/get/System/Operating-Systems/Linux-Distributions/Linux-Mint-17252.shtml +[3]:http://linux.softpedia.com/get/System/Operating-Systems/Linux-Distributions/Linux-Mint-Gloria-31769.shtml \ No newline at end of file From 13e490f0aef7a6ef32acce039418991df7bc5ead Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sun, 18 May 2014 22:43:39 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 128/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9ALinux=20Mint?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Will=20Only=20Use=20Ubuntu=20LTS=20Releases=20from=20Now=20O?= =?UTF-8?q?n?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) rename {translated/news => published}/Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md (97%) diff --git a/translated/news/Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md b/published/Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md similarity index 97% rename from translated/news/Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md rename to published/Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md index 46a4249853..18ff432f16 100644 --- a/translated/news/Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md +++ b/published/Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On +Linux Mint以后将只基于Ubuntu LTS进行开发 ================================================================================ ![Linux Mint 17](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Linux-Mint-Will-Only-Used-Ubuntu-LTS-Releases-From-Now-On-442225-2.jpg) From aef68407fd406f46432faa1f9abe0412a827f9c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: linuhap Date: Mon, 19 May 2014 09:40:31 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 129/601] translating --- ...e New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md b/sources/news/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md index ae9cd70700..f4aa8d2e45 100644 --- a/sources/news/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md +++ b/sources/news/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +linuhap translating The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/The-new-Open-Source-StuntRally-2-3-Racing-Game-Looks-Great-441726-2.jpg) @@ -27,4 +28,4 @@ via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/The-new-Open-Source-StuntRally-2-3-Racing-Ga 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [1]:https://code.google.com/p/vdrift-ogre/wiki/VersionHistory -[2]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/stuntrally/files/ \ No newline at end of file +[2]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/stuntrally/files/ From c7f995e59cf5e49bfc74de5cee1e73aed1accf98 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Mon, 19 May 2014 10:01:27 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 130/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140519-1=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...et up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md | 352 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 352 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md diff --git a/sources/tech/How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md b/sources/tech/How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..920692781d --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md @@ -0,0 +1,352 @@ +How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS +================================================================================ +Any operational domain has at least two DNS servers, one being called a primary name server (ns1), and the other a secondary name server (ns2). These servers are typically operated for DNS failover: If one server goes down, the other server becomes an active DNS server. More sophisticated failover mechanisms involving load balancers, firewalls and clusters are also possible. + +All DNS entries for a particular domain are added in the primary name server. The secondary server will simply sync all the information from the primary name server based on counter type parameter set on the primary server. + +This tutorial will describe **how to create a primary DNS server running on CentOS**. Please note that the DNS server presented in this tutorial will be public DNS, meaning that the server will respond to queries from any IP address. Limiting access to the server is discussed in [this tutorial][]. + +Before we start, I would like to mention that DNS can be set up with or without chroot jail environment. The chroot jail environment confines the DNS server to a certain directory in the system, as opposed to allow the server system-wide access. That way, any vulnerability of the DNS server would not compromise the entire system. Chrooting a DNS server is also useful for a test deployment. + +### Objective ### + +We will be setting up a DNS server in a test environment for the domain example.tst, which is a hypothetical (non-existing) domain. That way, we will not accidentally interfere with any other live domain. + +In this domain, there are the following three servers. + +注：表格代码，只需要翻译尖括号中间的文字即可 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
ServerIP addressHosted servicesFQDN
Server A172.16.1.1Mailmail.example.tst
Server B172.16.1.2Web, FTPwww.example.tst
ftp.example.tst
Server C172.16.1.3Primary DNS serverns1.example.tst
+ +We will be setting up a primary DNS server, and add necessary domain and DNS records as shown in the table. + +### Setting up hostnames ### + +All the hostnames should be defined as FQDN correctly. This can be done using the following method. + + # vim /etc/sysconfig/network + +> HOSTNAME=ns1.example.tst + +Note: The hostname parameter specified in this file is used while the server is booting up. Therefore, the change does not take effect immediately. The following command can be used to temporarily change the hostname of a server immediately. + + # hostname ns1.example.tst + +Once set, hostname can be verified using the following command. + + # hostname + +> ns1.example.tst + +Before proceeding to the next step, make sure that the hostname of all three servers are set properly. + +### Installing Packages ### + +We will be using bind for DNS, which can be easily installed using yum. + +To set up DNS without `chroot`: + + # yum install bind bind-chroot + +### Preparing a Configuration File ### + +As mentioned earlier, bind can be set up with or without chroot. The paths vary a little depending on whether chroot has been installed. + +注：表格代码，只需要翻译尖括号中间的文字即可 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Path to configuration filePath to zone files
+With chroot + +/etc/ + +/var/named/ +
+Without chroot + +/var/named/chroot/etc/ + +/var/named/chroot/var/named/ +
+ +The configuration file named.conf provided by default can be used. However, we will be using another sample configuration file for ease of use. + +Without `chroot`: + + # cp /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/sample/etc/named.rfc1912.zones /etc/named.conf + +With `chroot`: + + # cp /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/sample/etc/named.rfc1912.zones /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf + +Now, the configuration file is backed up and modified. + +Without `chroot`: + + # vim /etc/named.conf + +With `chroot`: + + # vim /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf + +The following lines are added/modified. + + options { + ## path to zone files ## + directory "/var/named"; + + ## forwarding the query to Google public DNS server for non-local domains ## + forwarders { 8.8.8.8; }; + }; + + ## declaration of the forward zone for example.tst ## + zone "example.tst" IN { + type master; + file "example-fz"; ## filename for the forward zone stored in /var/named ## + allow-update { none; }; + }; + + ## declaration of reverse zone for network 172.16.1.0 ## + zone "1.16.172.in-addr.arpa" IN { + type master; + file "rz-172-16-1"; ## filename for the reverse zone stored in /var/named ## + allow-update { none; }; + }; + +### Preparing Zone Files ### + +The default zone files are automatically created under `/var/named or /var/named/chroot/var/named` (for `chroot`). If they are not available there, sample files are provided in `/usr/share/doc/bind` folder, and can be copied from there. + +Assuming that the default zone files are not present, we can copy the sample files from `/usr`. + +Without `chroot`: + + # cp /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/sample/var/named/named.* /var/named/ + +With `chroot`: + + # cp /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/sample/var/named/named.* /var/named/chroot/var/named + +Great. Now that the default zone files are ready, we create our own zone file for example.tst and network 172.16.1.0. While we create the zone files, the following should be kept in mind. + +- The characted ‘@’ means NULL within the zone files. +- Every FQDN is to end with a dot ‘.’ i.e. mail.example.tst. Without it, you’ll be in trouble. + +#### 1. Forward Zone #### + +The forward zone contains mapping from names to IP addresses. For public domains, the DNS of the domain hosting provider stores the forward zone file. + +Without `chroot`: + + # vim /var/named/example-fz + +With `chroot`: + + # vim /var/named/chroot/var/named/example-fz + +---------- + + $TTL 1D + @ IN SOA ns1.example.tst. sarmed.example.tst. ( + 0 ; serial + 1D ; refresh + 1H ; retry + 1W ; expire + 3H ) ; minimum + IN NS ns1.example.tst. + IN A 172.16.1.3 + mail IN A 172.16.1.1 + IN MX 10 mail.example.tst. + www IN A 172.16.1.2 + ns1 IN A 172.16.1.3 + ftp IN CNAME www.example.tst. + +**Explanation**: Within the zone file, SOA means start of authority. This is the FQDN of the authoritative name server. The FQDN is followed by the contact email address. Since we cannot use ‘@’ in sarmed@example.tst, we rewrite the email address as sarmed.example.tst. + +- **NS**: Name Server +- **A**: A record or the address record is an IP address +- **MX**: Mail Exchanger record. Here we are using only one MX with priority of 10. In case of multiple MX, we can use multiple numeric priorities. The lowest number wins. For example, MX 0 is better than MX 1. +- **CNAME**: Canonical Name. If multiple services are hosted in a single server, it is very likely that multiple names would be resolved to that single server as well. CNAME indicates the other names a server may have and points to the name that actually has an A record. + +#### 2. Reverse Zone #### + +The reverse zone contains mapping from IP address to names. Here, we create the reverse zone for the network 172.16.1.0. In production domains, the DNS server of the owner of the public IP block stores the reverse zone file. + +Without `chroot`: + + # vim /var/named/rz-172-16-1 + +With `chroot` + + # vim /var/named/chroot/var/named/rz-172-16-1 + +---------- + + $TTL 1D + @ IN SOA ns1.example.tst. sarmed.example.tst. ( + 0 ; serial + 1D ; refresh + 1H ; retry + 1W ; expire + 3H ) ; minimum + IN NS ns1.example.tst. + 1 IN PTR mail.example.tst. + 2 IN PTR www.example.tst. + 3 IN PTR ns1.example.tst. + +**Explanation**: Most parameters used in the reverse zone file are identical to the forward zone, except the following. + +- PTR: PTR or pointer record points to a FQDN` + +### Finalizing ### + +Now that the zone files are ready, we adjust the permission of the zone files. + +Without `chroot`: + + # chgrp named /var/named/* + +With `chroot`: + + # chgrp named /var/named/chroot/var/named/* + +Now we set the IP address of the DNS server. + + # vim /etc/resolv.conf + +---------- + + nameserver 172.16.1.3 + +Finally, we can start the DNS service and make sure it is added to startup. + + # service named restart + # chkconfig named on + +While the DNS is firing up, it is advisable to keep an eye on the log file /var/log/messages as it contains useful information about what is going on behind the scenes. If there is no error, we can start testing the DNS server. + +### Testing DNS ### + +We can use dig or nslookup for testing DNS. First, we set up necessary package(s). + + # yum install bind-utils + +#### 1. Testing Forward Zone using dig #### + +When you are using dig for testing, you should always look for the status: "NOERROR". Any other value means that there is something wrong. + + # dig example.tst + +---------- + + ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 31184 + + ;; QUESTION SECTION: + ;example.com. IN A + + ;; ANSWER SECTION: + example.com. 86400 IN A 172.16.1.3 + + ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: + example.com. 86400 IN NS ns1.example.com. + + ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: + ns1.example.com. 86400 IN A 172.16.1.3 + +#### 2. Testing PTR using dig #### + +When using dig for testing, you should always look for the status: "NOERROR". Any other value means that there is something wrong. + + # dig -x 172.16.1.1 + +---------- + + ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 27415 + + ;; QUESTION SECTION: + ;1.1.17.172.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR + + ;; ANSWER SECTION: + 1.1.16.172.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN PTR mail.example.tst. + + ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: + 1.16.172.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN NS ns1.example.tst. + + ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: + ns1.example.tst. 86400 IN A 172.16.1.3 + +#### 3. Testing MX using dig #### + + # dig example.tst mx + +---------- + + ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 35405 + + ;; QUESTION SECTION: + ;example.tst. IN MX + + ;; ANSWER SECTION: + example.tst. 14366 IN MX 10 mail.example.tst. + +### Troubleshooting Tips ### + +1. I have SELinux turned off. +1. Make sure that your firewall is not blocking UDP port 53 +1. /var/log/messages should contain useful information in case anything goes wrong +1. Make sure that the zone files are owned by user ‘named’ +1. Make sure that the IP address of the DNS server is the first entry in /etc/resolv.conf +1. If you are using example.tst in a lab environment, make sure to disconnect the server from the Intenet since example.tst is a non-existent domain. + +To sum up, this tutorial focuses on hosting a domain example.tst in a lab environment for demonstration purposes. Please note that this tutorial creates a public DNS server, i.e., a DNS server that will respond to queries from any source IP address. If you are configuring a production DNS server, make sure to check what the policies regarding public DNS are. Other tutorials cover [pcreating a secondary DNS][2], [limiting access to a DNS server][3], and implementing DNSSEC. + +Hope this helps. +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/primary-dns-server-using-centos.html + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/close-open-dns-resolver.html +[2]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/secondary-dns-server-centos.html +[3]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/close-open-dns-resolver.html \ No newline at end of file From 54f49b5f17ebe4847999d0a5cd3268e5e833ed4f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Mon, 19 May 2014 10:17:59 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 131/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140519-2=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...sed lightweight system monitor on Linux.md | 185 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 185 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md diff --git a/sources/tech/How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md b/sources/tech/How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..af8b7a71be --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,185 @@ +How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux +================================================================================ +Sometimes we, as a normal user or a system admin, need to know how well our system is running. Many questions related to system status can be answered by checking log files generated by active services. However, inspecting every bit of log files is not easy even for seasoned system admins. That is why they rely on monitoring software which is capable of gathering information from different sources, and reporting analysis result in easy to understand formats, such as graphs, visualization, statistics, etc. + +There are many sophisticated monitoring system software such as [Cacti][1], [Nagios][2], Zabbix, Munin, etc. In this article, we pick a lightweight monitoring tool called Monitorix, which is designed to monitor system resources and many well-known third-party applications on Linux/BSD servers. Optimized to run on resource-limited embedded systems, Monitorix boasts of simplicity and small memory footprint. It comes with a built-in HTTP server for web-based interface, and stores time series statistics with RRDtool which is easy to combine with any scripting language such as Perl, Python, shell script, Ruby, etc. + +### Main Features ### + +Here is a list of Monitorix's main features. For a complete list, refer to the [official site][3]. + +- System load and system service demand +- CPU/GPU temperature sensors +- Disk temperature and health +- Network/port traffic and netstat statistics +- Mail statistics +- Web server statistics (Apache, Nginx, Lighttpd) +- MySQL load and statistics +- Squid proxy statistics +- NFS server/client statistics +- Raspberry Pi sensor statistics +- Memcached statistics + +### Install and Configure Monitorix on Fedora, CentOS or RHEL ### + +First, install required packages as follows. Note that on CentOS, you need to set up [EPEL][4] and [Repoforge][5] repositories first. + + $ sudo yum install rrdtool rrdtool-perl perl-libwww-perl perl-MailTools perl-MIME-Lite perl-CGI perl-DBI perl-XML-Simple perl-Config-General perl-HTTP-Server-Simple perl-IO-Socket-SSL + +After this, Monitorix can be installed with this command: + + $ sudo yum install monitorix + +To configure Monitorix, open the configuration file in /etc/monitorix/monitorix.conf, and change the options. The details on Monitorix configuration file can be found at [http://www.monitorix.org/documentation.html][6] + +By default, the built-in HTTP server listens on port 8080. Thus, make sure that your firewall does not block TCP port 8080. + +To start Monitorix, simply type the following. + + $ sudo service monitorix start + +Start your favorite web browser, and then go to http://:8080/monitorix to access Monitorix's web interface. + +### Install and Configure Monitorix on Archlinux ### + +On Archlinux, the Monitorix package can be downloaded from [AUR][7]. + +By default, the built-in HTTP server is disabled on Archlinux. To enable built-in HTTP server, edit section in /etc/monitorix.conf as follows. + + + enabled = y + host = + port = 8080 + user = nobody + group = nobody + log_file = /var/log/monitorix-httpd + hosts_deny = + hosts_allow = + + enabled = n + msg = Monitorix: Restricted access + htpasswd = /var/lib/monitorix/htpasswd + + + +Finally, start Monitorix service. + +Open your favorite web browser, and go to http://:8080/monitorix to access Monitorix. + +### Install and Configure Monitorix on Debian and Ubuntu ### + +For Debian family, Monitorix can be installed in two ways: manually or through a third party repository. + +#### Manual installation (for Debian) #### + +Install all dependent packages first. + + $ sudo apt-get install rrdtool perl libwww-perl libmailtools-perl libmime-lite-perl librrds-perl libdbi-perl libxml-simple-perl libhttp-server-simple-perl libconfig-general-perl libio-socket-ssl-perl + +Download Monitorix package from [http://www.monitorix.org/downloads.html][8], and install it. + + $ sudo dpkg -i monitorix*.deb + +During installation, you might be asked to configure a backend web server. If you using Apache, make sure to reload Apache configuration by restarting Apache service. + + $ sudo service apache2 reload + +#### nstallation through repositories (for Ubuntu) #### + +Enable Izzysoft repository by appending the following line in /etc/apt/source.list. + + deb http://apt.izzysoft.de/ubuntu generic universe + +Download and add a GPG key for the repository. + + $ wget http://apt.izzysoft.de/izzysoft.asc + $ sudo apt-key add izzysoft.asc + +Install Monitorix with apt-get. All its dependent packages will automatically be installed as well. + + $ sudo apt-get update + $ sudo apt-get install monitorix + +Finally, start Monitorix service. + + $ sudo service monitorix start + +To configure Monitorix, edit /etc/monitorix/monitorix.conf with a text editor, and restart Monitorix service. + + $ sudo service monitorix restart + +The built-in web server of Monitorix for Ubuntu is enabled by default. To access web-based monitoring result, go to http://8080/monitorix on your favorite web browser. + +### Install and Configure Monitorix on Raspberry Pi ### + +If you want to install Monitorix on Raspberry Pi (which is Debian-based), you cannot use the Izzysoft repository mentioned above because it does not provide an ARM port of Monitorix. Instead, follow Debian-based manual installation as follows. + +First, install required packages. + + $ sudo apt-get install rrdtool perl libwww-perl libmailtools-perl libmime-lite-perl librrds-perl libdbi-perl libxml-simple-perl libhttp-server-simple-perl libconfig-general-perl libio-socket-ssl-perl + +If some of the required packages are not be installed, we need to force install with this command. + + $ sudo apt-get -f install + +Download Monitorix package (monitorix_x.x.x-izzy1_all.deb) from [http://www.monitorix.org/downloads.html][9]. + +Install Monitorix package with the command below. + + $ sudo dpkg -i monitorix_x.x.x-izzy1_all.deb + +After installation is finished, we need to change a small thing in Monitorix configuration as follows. + +Open /etc/monitorix/monitorix.conf with your favorite text editor. Scroll down until you find . Search for "raspberrypi = n", and replace 'n' with 'y'. This will enable monitoring of Raspberry Pi clock frequency, temperatures and voltages. + +After editing is done, restart Monitorix service. + + $ sudo service monitorix restart + +By default, Monitorix's built-in HTTP web server is enabled. To access Monitorix's web interface, go to http://:8080/monitorix + +### Monitorix Screenshots (on Raspberry Pi) ### + +Monitorix home screen: + +[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5558/14215953893_69b546c473_z.jpg)][10] + +System load average and usage in graph option: + +[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5239/14009175290_6c5f9542b9_z.jpg)][11] + +Active process graph option: + +[![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2933/14195746084_1364bd1721_z.jpg)][12] + +Choose "Clock Frequency" under "Raspberry Pi" section in the home screen, and you will see clock frequency, temperature, and voltage graphs for [Raspberry Pi][13]. + +[![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7330/14009143189_aeeee6a0e3_z.jpg)][14] + +All monitoring graphs: + +[![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2908/14192525721_d002b4e621_k.jpg)][15] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/web-based-lightweight-system-monitor-linux.html + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/11/install-configure-cacti-linux.html +[2]:http://xmodulo.com/tag/nagios +[3]:http://www.monitorix.org/features.html +[4]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/03/how-to-set-up-epel-repository-on-centos.html +[5]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/01/how-to-set-up-rpmforge-repoforge-repository-on-centos.html +[6]:http://www.monitorix.org/documentation.html +[7]:http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=33911 +[8]:http://www.monitorix.org/downloads.html +[9]:http://www.monitorix.org/downloads.html +[10]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14215953893/ +[11]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14009175290/ +[12]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14195746084/ +[13]:http://xmodulo.com/go/raspberrypi +[14]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14009143189/ +[15]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14192525721/ \ No newline at end of file From bf508d12d60cea742a1f05a2168eb7a4b2358323 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Mon, 19 May 2014 11:23:38 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 132/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140519-3=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...s the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md | 56 +++++++++++++++++++ ...unning on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md | 23 ++++++++ 2 files changed, 79 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/BattleBlock Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md create mode 100644 sources/news/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md diff --git a/sources/news/BattleBlock Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md b/sources/news/BattleBlock Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5ec0ec9301 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/BattleBlock Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +BattleBlock Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/BattleBlock-Theater-Now-Rules-the-Steam-for-Linux-Best-Selling-List-442722-2.jpg) + +**The Steam for Linux platform has been receiving some new titles in the past couple of weeks and a few of them managed to get pretty high up in the best-selling list.** + +**Small World 2** take the tenth place and it’s a new entry in this exclusive list. This is a title based on the fantasy board game with the same name and it’s probably the only one in this genre that has a Linux version. + +**Football Manager 2014** fell into the ninth position, but given the fact that it’s one of the most expensive games on the Steam for Linux, we can safely say that it’s still doing quite well. This is a game that needs no introduction and that is regarded as the best of its kind. + +**Counter-Strike: Source**, a game that combines the gameplay from the original Counter-Strike with the power of the Source engine, has managed to get back in the best-selling top on Steam for Linux, in place number eight. + +**Guns of Icarus Online**, a multiplayer first-person shooter developed by Muse Games for multiple platforms, including Linux, is now in the seventh place and it even comes with a 75% discount. + +**Left 4 Dead 2**, the cooperative FPS developed by Valve, is still one of the best games on the Linux platform and the sixth place is a just one. + +**Starbound**, a procedurally generated adventure game developed by Chucklefish Ltd. in which the player takes on the role of a character who’s just fled from their home planet, only to crash-land on another, is in the fifth position. This is still under development and the fact that people are buying it before it’s even finished says a lot about the quality. + +**Kerbal Space Program**, a multi-genre game in which the players have to create their own space project and make a successful launch without killing the astronauts, is now in the fourth position. + +**Garry's Mod**, a physics sandbox that’s not even a game per say, is really hanging on and it remains in the third place, which is weird if we thing about it. It doesn’t have a single player campaign, but promise complete freedom to its users. + +**Rust**, a first-person survival game that takes place in a persistent universe, is no longer in the first place, but the second one is not all that bad. It’s still in development and there is no indication when the final version will be released. + +The first place in the best-selling list of games on Steam for Linux is a new entry called **BattleBlock Theater**. This is a 2D action platformer developed and published by The Behemoth studio that features an interesting level design and beautiful graphics. + +Enjoy! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/BattleBlock-Theater-Now-Rules-the-Steam-for-Linux-Best-Selling-List-442722.shtml + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]: +[2]: +[3]: +[4]: +[5]: +[6]: +[7]: +[8]: +[9]: +[10]: +[11]: +[12]: +[13]: +[14]: +[15]: +[16]: +[17]: +[18]: +[19]: +[20]: \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/news/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md b/sources/news/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..685746a0ec --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-Is-Now-Running-on-World-s-Fastest-Supercomputer-442733-2.jpg) + +**Canonical is building the most used Linux distribution for the desktop, but it’s also making one of the most successful operating systems for servers. The fact that Ubuntu Server, Ubuntu Openstack and Ubuntu’s orchestration tool, Juju, is running the most powerful supercomputer in the world.** + +Right now, the most powerful supercomputer in the world is called Tienhe2 and it’s in the Guangdong province in China. According to its makers, the servers use Intel Xeon processors, Intel Xeon Phi co-processors and a 160Gb per second interconnect for super-fast data transfer between nodes. It hold the record since 2013. + +“Ubuntu OpenStack is running on 256 high performance nodes and this will grow to over 6400 nodes in the coming months. The nodes will be available to Government departments in Guangdong province as well as other NUDT partners for analysis, census, and eGovernment applications.” + +“Both OpenStack and Ubuntu’s orchestration tool, Juju, will run on Tianhe-2 to enable NUDT partners and affiliate to rapidly deploy and manage very high performance cloud environments” reads the official [announcement][1]. + +Canonical is making a push on the Chinese market and the company is already trying to cover as the desktop ecosystem with Ubuntu Kylin, which has arrived at a very opportune time, at the same time with Microsoft’s announcement regarding the end of life for Windows XP. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-Is-Now-Running-on-World-s-Fastest-Supercomputer-442733.shtml + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://insights.ubuntu.com/2014/05/14/nudt-and-canonical-bring-openstack-to-worlds-fastest-supercomputer/ \ No newline at end of file From 212fad245afc87183db3833bf5d0ab2b3d7b5a3e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Mon, 19 May 2014 11:25:25 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 133/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9ALimit=20Theo?= =?UTF-8?q?ry=20Developer=20Switches=20to=20Linux=20Because=20Windows=20Is?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Annoying?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...hes to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md | 18 +++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) rename {translated/news => published}/Limit Theory Developer Switches to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md (64%) diff --git a/translated/news/Limit Theory Developer Switches to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md b/published/Limit Theory Developer Switches to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md similarity index 64% rename from translated/news/Limit Theory Developer Switches to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md rename to published/Limit Theory Developer Switches to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md index 26bbfa96e8..2aa0909eef 100644 --- a/translated/news/Limit Theory Developer Switches to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md +++ b/published/Limit Theory Developer Switches to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md @@ -1,25 +1,25 @@ -极限理论游戏开发者转到Linux开发，原因是Windows很烦人 +Limit Theory游戏开发者转到Linux开发，原因是Windows很烦人 ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Limit-Theory-Developer-Switches-to-Linux-Because-Windows-is-Annoying-441642-3.jpg) -极限理论，一个无限的程序性的空间模拟游戏，这个游戏的开发者仅一个人，游戏将会发布Linux、Windows和Mac OS X版本。开发者宣布从Windows平台转到Linux上主要是因为他不耐烦了。 +极限理论（Limit Theory），一个无限的程序性的空间模拟游戏，这个游戏的开发者仅一个人，游戏将会发布在Linux、Windows和Mac OS X上。开发者宣布从Windows平台转到Linux上主要是因为他不耐烦了。 极限理论听起来像一个不可能的项目，特别是对于它是由一个人开发。游戏的开发者Josh Parnell自己已经努力建立一个美丽的宇宙，并提供对三个不同平台的支持。 -他能够这样做是因为这个游戏用C++和OpenGL写的，这使游戏可以轻易地转移到任何平台开发。在最近的关于极限理论的更新中，他解释说，他不再使用Winsows平台，因为它很“讨厌”，不能进入任何具体细节。 +他能够这样做是因为这个游戏用C++和OpenGL写的，这使游戏可以轻易地转移到任何平台开发。在最近的关于极限理论的更新中，他解释说，他不再使用Winsows平台，因为它很“烦人”，但是没有提供具体原因。 -甚至Linux基金会也已经注意他而且决定推动他正在做的工作，特别是因为他是一个人表演，他要做从核心程序到环境音乐的任何事。 +甚至Linux基金会也已经注意他而且决定推动他正在做的工作，特别是因为他是一个人搞定了所有事情，他要做从核心程序到环境音乐的任何事。 -“游戏开发者Josh Parnell已经发布了关于他的开放空间模拟和策略游戏——极限理论的开发更新。”图形很漂亮，但这次发布更是值得注意，因为Parnell已经从Windows转到本地Linux客户版本上开发（他说Windows很烦人）。" +“游戏开发者Josh Parnell已经发布了关于他的开放空间模拟和策略游戏——极限理论的开发更新。”图形很漂亮，但这次发布更是值得注意，因为Parnell已经从放弃Windows而转为开放原生的Linux客户端（他说Windows很烦人）。" -“极限理论是在2012年12在Kickstarter筹到资的，计划的发布日期是2014年初。当它完成时，游戏者将能够探索空间，在小行星上斟探和开采，指挥一队或更多的星舰。”Linux基金会在其[网站][1]上这样描述。" +“极限理论是在2012年12在Kickstarter筹到资的，计划的发布日期是2014年初。当它完成时，游戏者将能够探索星际空间，在小行星上斟探和开采，指挥一队或更多的星舰。”Linux基金会在其[网站][1]上这样描述。 -极限理论最有趣的方面是无限的宇宙，这起初听起来可能会感觉很奇怪或者像是一个营销策略。实际上，Josh Parnell 制作了一个很智能的引擎，当玩家在宇宙中发展时这个引擎产生系统，星球，NPC，几乎所有的东西。 +极限理论最有趣的方面是无限的宇宙，这起初听起来可能会感觉很奇怪或者像是一个营销噱头。实际上，Josh Parnell 制作了一个很智能的引擎，当玩家在宇宙中发展时这个引擎产生系统，星球，NPC，几乎所有的东西。 这些元素在游戏开始时不存在，他们在玩家游戏运行时产生。这也意味着没有两个玩家的游戏过程是相同的。 -极限理论在Kickstarter筹到了需要的资金，开发者正在全力以赴地开发，但是这是一个艰巨的任务，完成需要一些时间。即使拟议的发布时间2014年1月到了，粉丝们都愿意等待，特别是看到游戏将能够做什么之后。 +极限理论在Kickstarter筹到了需要的资金，开发者正在全力以赴地开发，但是这是一个艰巨的任务，完成需要一些时间。即使原计划的发布时间2014年1月已经过了，粉丝们都愿意等待，特别是看到游戏将能够做什么之后。 期待它吧！ @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Limit-Theory-Developer-Switches-to-Linux-Because-Windows-is-Annoying-441642.shtml -译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 4b710ed7dc8b69381769f5a3633245c576014262 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Mon, 19 May 2014 11:34:11 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 134/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AOpenVPN=20Im?= =?UTF-8?q?port=20Broken=20in=20Ubuntu=2014.04=20LTS?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md | 10 +++++----- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) rename {translated/news => published}/OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md (78%) diff --git a/translated/news/OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md b/published/OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md similarity index 78% rename from translated/news/OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md rename to published/OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md index bb31de9a1a..3c71f1cf5e 100644 --- a/translated/news/OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md +++ b/published/OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md @@ -1,17 +1,17 @@ -Ubuntu 14.04 LTS中OpenVPN导入被破坏 +Ubuntu 14.04 LTS中OpenVPN导入功能被破坏 ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/OpenVPN-Import-Broken-in-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-441601-2.jpg) **几周前Canonical公司发布了 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS版本，新的操作系统做了很大的变化，但仍有些问题 -需要解决，比如:openVPN 的导入功能**。 +需要解决，比如：openVPN 的导入功能**。 如果你曾在Ubuntu系统上使用过VPN连接，你应该知道，为了实现VPN连接不得不去官方软件包管理中心下载 network-manager-openvpn 软件包，其允许用户导入openVPN文件和所有的设置以及证书。 -在ubuntu 14.04 LTS之前的版本，openVPN 导入功能能够正常使用，但在此之前发布的network-manager-openvpn软件包某些文件被破坏，当导入时将导致整个网络管理功能崩溃。 +在ubuntu 14.04 LTS之前的版本，openVPN 导入功能能够正常使用，但是此前发布的network-manager-openvpn软件包某些文件被破坏，当导入时将导致整个网络管理功能崩溃。 在 [Launchpad][1] 上已有匿名用户上报了这个问题, 但到目前为止该问题依然没有被修复。在3月份首次提交了该bug的报告，意味着最新的发行版本忽略了该问题。 -随着异常的事实，该问题已经被确认，似乎没有人去修复它，或者最近将不会出现在Lanchpad上. +异常的问题已经被确认，但是似乎没有人去修复它，至少没有出现在Lanchpad上. 事实证明，通过众多人的留下的评论来判断bug并首次上报，很值得广泛使用, 但如果没有发布修复bug的方法，那是很烦人的。 @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Ubuntu 14.04 LTS中OpenVPN导入被破坏 via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/OpenVPN-Import-Broken-in-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-441601.shtml -译者：[hunanchenxingyu](https://github.com/hunanchenxingyu) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[hunanchenxingyu](https://github.com/hunanchenxingyu) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 8ef24fc5c85d9cafcb054302754ac6ab8d0f045c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Mon, 19 May 2014 11:45:01 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 135/601] Update How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md --- .../tech/How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md b/sources/tech/How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md index 920692781d..4b4b15a2d7 100644 --- a/sources/tech/How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md +++ b/sources/tech/How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +Translating by GOLinux ... + How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS ================================================================================ Any operational domain has at least two DNS servers, one being called a primary name server (ns1), and the other a secondary name server (ns2). These servers are typically operated for DNS failover: If one server goes down, the other server becomes an active DNS server. More sophisticated failover mechanisms involving load balancers, firewalls and clusters are also possible. @@ -349,4 +351,4 @@ via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/primary-dns-server-using-centos.html [1]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/close-open-dns-resolver.html [2]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/secondary-dns-server-centos.html -[3]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/close-open-dns-resolver.html \ No newline at end of file +[3]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/close-open-dns-resolver.html From d849046c679498486a7c3c07550e250012f89d91 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Mon, 19 May 2014 13:09:16 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 136/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9ADaily=20Ubun?= =?UTF-8?q?tu=20Tips--Ubuntu=20One=20Shuts=20Down,=20Switch=20To=20Dropbox?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Or=20Box=20Cloud=20Services?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...Switch To Dropbox Or Box Cloud Services.md | 78 +++++++++++++++++++ ...Switch To Dropbox Or Box Cloud Services.md | 37 --------- 2 files changed, 78 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Ubuntu One Shuts Down, Switch To Dropbox Or Box Cloud Services.md delete mode 100644 translated/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Ubuntu One Shuts Down, Switch To Dropbox Or Box Cloud Services.md diff --git a/published/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Ubuntu One Shuts Down, Switch To Dropbox Or Box Cloud Services.md b/published/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Ubuntu One Shuts Down, Switch To Dropbox Or Box Cloud Services.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a745756379 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Ubuntu One Shuts Down, Switch To Dropbox Or Box Cloud Services.md @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +Ubuntu每日小技巧-Ubuntu One关闭后如何切换到Dropbox或Box云服务 +============================================================== + +Canonical公司决定关闭Ubuntu One的云服务，你可能正在寻找备份你主机的其他服务器，尽管现在有很多云服务的提供商，但是大服务商中仅有小部分支持包括Ubuntu在内的linux。 + +Dropbox全面支持Ubuntu，它有一个很好的整合了ubuntu桌面系统和其他通知栏的客户端。Box，官方的Box.net也可以通过WebDav协议支持linux。 + +这里有一段来自Canonical公司关于Ubuntu One的摘录： + +> 从4月2日开始，就不能访问Ubuntu One中的存储或音乐了。Ubuntu One服务也不会再包含在Ubuntu 14.04 LTS中，而Ubuntu One的应用也将从Ubuntu、Google和Apple的应用商店移除。 + +也就是说我们在ubuntu中失去了这项有用的服务。另一方面，把你的数据移动到一个更稳定、更好信誉的网盘提供商是一个比较好的选择。 + +这里简要的说明一下怎样在ubuntu中运行DropBox或者Box云服务。 + +###在ubuntu中安装DropBox云盘 + +关于这个话题我们已经写了很多，为了在ubuntu中安装DropBox云盘，你需要按照以下步骤去做，这里提供了一个在ubuntu中一步步安装和使用DropBox的步骤。 + +查看完整步骤，点这里，或者下面的链接： + +http://www.liberiangeek.net/2013/03/how-to-install-dropbox-in-ubuntu-13-04-raring-ringtail/ + +###在Ubuntu中使用Box网盘 + +自从Box不再提供给包括ubuntu在内的linux一个全功能客户端，你就必须使用WebDav协议来访问和存储你账户的东西。 + +按Ctrl – Alt – T来打开终端，终端被打开后，执行下面的命令来安装包： + + sudo apt-get install davfs2 + +接下来，执行下面的命令来配置davfs2，选择Yes来允许没有权限的用户来挂载WebDav资源。 + + sudo dpkg-reconfigure davfs2 + +接下来通过执行下面的命令把davfs2目录复制到你的home目录： + + sudo cp -r /etc/davfs2/ $HOME/.davfs2 + +然后执行下面命令获取文件夹的所有权： + + sudo chown -R username $HOME/.davfs2/ + +用你的用户名代替username + +接下来打开密码文件输入你的登录凭证： + + gedit ~/.davfs2/secrets + +然后键入你的用户名（email地址）和密码，在文件末尾添加下面的行并保存。 + + https://dav.box.com/dav richard@liberiangeek.net + +用你的账户信息替换上面的email地址和password。 + +接下来用下面的命令添加你的账户到davfs2组中： + + sudo adduser davfs2 + +然后用sudo gedit /etc/fstab 打开/etc/fstab在后面添加下面一行并保存： + + https://dav.box.com/dav/ /home//box davfs _netdev,rw,user 0 0 + +最后创建一个挂载点并挂载Box + + mkdir ~/box + +重启你的电脑，Box能开机自动挂载了， + +享受下吧！ + +------------------ + +via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2014/04/daily-ubuntu-tips-ubuntu-one-shuts-down-switch-to-dropbox-or-box-cloud-services/ + +译者：[yujianxuechuan ](https://github.com/yujianxuechuan ) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/校wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 diff --git a/translated/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Ubuntu One Shuts Down, Switch To Dropbox Or Box Cloud Services.md b/translated/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Ubuntu One Shuts Down, Switch To Dropbox Or Box Cloud Services.md deleted file mode 100644 index f89b0e342a..0000000000 --- a/translated/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Ubuntu One Shuts Down, Switch To Dropbox Or Box Cloud Services.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,37 +0,0 @@ -Ubuntuÿʿ-Ubuntu OneϵͳرգлDropboxBoxƷ -Canonical˾رUbuntu OneƷѰұкܶƷṩ̣ǽС֧linux,Ubuntu -Dropboxȫ֧Ubuntuһܺõubuntuϵͳ֪ͨĿͻˡBoxٷBox.netҲͨWebDavЭ֧linux -һCanonical˾Ubuntu Oneժ¼ -As of today (April 2), it will no longer be possible to purchase storage or music from the Ubuntu One store. The Ubuntu One file services will not be included in the upcoming Ubuntu 14.04 LTS release, and the Ubuntu One apps in older version of Ubuntu and in the Ubuntu, Google and Apple stores will be updated appropriately. -Ҳ˵ubuntuʧȥõķһ棬ƶһȶṩһȽϺõѡ -Ҫ˵һubuntuDropBoxBoxƷ - -ubuntuаװDropBox -Ѿд˺ܶ࣬ΪubuntuаװDropBox̣Ҫ²ȥṩһubuntuһװʹDropBoxIJ衣 -鿴裬ӣ -http://www.liberiangeek.net/2013/03/how-to-install-dropbox-in-ubuntu-13-04-raring-ringtail/ - -UbuntuʹBox -ԴBoxṩlinuxһȫܵĿͻˣubuntuʹWebDavЭʺʹ洢˻Ķ -Ctrl C Alt C Tնˣն˱򿪺ִװ -sudo apt-get install davfs2 -ִdavfs2ѡYesûȨ޵ûWebDavԴ -sudo dpkg-reconfigure davfs2 -ִͨdavfs2Ŀ¼ƵhomeĿ¼ -sudo cp -r /etc/davfs2/ $HOME/.davfs2 -ȻִȡļеȨ -sudo chown -R username $HOME/.davfs2/ -ûusername -ļĵ¼ƾ֤ -gedit ~/.davfs2/secrets -Ȼûemailַ룬ļĩβв档 -https://dav.box.com/dav richard@liberiangeek.net -˻Ϣ滻emailַpassword -˻davfs2У -sudo adduser davfs2 -Ȼsudo gedit /etc/fstab /etc/fstabںһв棺 -https://dav.box.com/dav/ /home//box davfs _netdev,rw,user 0 0 -󴴽һص㲢Box -mkdir ~/box -ĵԣBoxܿԶˣ -°ɣ \ No newline at end of file From 474536b40e28c48a94bc7881a518ee64b9f7a22c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Mon, 19 May 2014 13:20:00 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 137/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9A5=20Ways=20T?= =?UTF-8?q?o=20Check=20If=20Linux=20OS=20is=2032=20bit=20or=2064=20Bit?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../5 Ways To Check If Linux OS is 32 bit or 64 Bit.md | 8 ++++---- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/5 Ways To Check If Linux OS is 32 bit or 64 Bit.md (86%) diff --git a/translated/tech/5 Ways To Check If Linux OS is 32 bit or 64 Bit.md b/published/5 Ways To Check If Linux OS is 32 bit or 64 Bit.md similarity index 86% rename from translated/tech/5 Ways To Check If Linux OS is 32 bit or 64 Bit.md rename to published/5 Ways To Check If Linux OS is 32 bit or 64 Bit.md index 09b949711f..d15d4ce6b7 100644 --- a/translated/tech/5 Ways To Check If Linux OS is 32 bit or 64 Bit.md +++ b/published/5 Ways To Check If Linux OS is 32 bit or 64 Bit.md @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ #### 2.运行 ‘uname -m’ 命令 #### -一个很相似但是略有不同的方法是执行 ‘uname -m’ 命令。 +上面的命令内涵太多了，可以用这个参数直指人心：‘uname -m’ 。 例如，在我的系统里，它显示了以下信息： @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ #### 3.使用 file 命令#### -尽管这像是一种黑客行为,但是仍然不失为一种达到目的的方法。使用这个方法，需要你运行 file 命令并带上 **/sbin/init** 作为参数。 +尽管这样做纯粹是炫耀技巧，但是仍然不失为一种达到目的的方法。使用这个方法，需要你运行 file 命令并带上 **/sbin/init** 作为参数。 举个例子: @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ #### 4. 使用 arch 命令 #### -另外一个可以选择的方法是使用 arch 命令,这个命令用于打印机器的硬件名称。 +另外一个可以选择的方法是使用 arch 命令，这个命令用于输出机器的硬件名称。 这里有一个示例: @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ #### 5. 通过系统设置的方法 #### -如果你使用的是 Ubuntu 12.04 或更高, 你可以很简单地在** AllSettings -> Details**里查看你的系统结构。 +如果你使用的是 Ubuntu 12.04 或更高, 你可以很简单地在** All Settings -> Details**里查看你的系统结构。 ![details](http://mylinuxbook.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/details.png) From 1bd05b8bff22c5f9e52646de7569d3b0f1ee58bd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Mon, 19 May 2014 14:33:35 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 138/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140519-4=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md | 243 ++++++++++++++++++ ...alifornia' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md | 69 +++++ .../Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md | 40 +++ 3 files changed, 352 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi--Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md diff --git a/sources/talk/Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi--Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md b/sources/talk/Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi--Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bd87a97ea6 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi--Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md @@ -0,0 +1,243 @@ +Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi: Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You? +================================================================================ +![](http://readwrite.com/files/styles/1400_0/public/fields/arduinopi.jpg) + +If you’re at all familiar with do-it-yourself (DIY) electronics, you’ve probably heard about the comparable merits of [Arduino][1] and [Raspberry Pi][2]. You may have even, [like I did][3], assumed they were competing hardware platforms solving similar problems. + +Actually, Arduino and Raspberry Pi are quite different. For starters, Raspberry Pi is a fully functional computer, while Arduino is a microcontroller, which is just a single component of a computer. + +Here’s a primer to differentiating Arduino and Raspberry Pi, and to determining which of the two DIY hacking devices best fits your needs as a maker. + +### Overview ### + +Raspberry Pi and Arduino were both originally designed to be teaching tools, which is why they’ve become so popular—both devices are very easy to learn to use. + +Raspberry Pi hails from the United Kingdom. Inventor Eben Upton and his colleagues at the University of Cambridge’s Computer Laboratory were frustrated by the dwindling number of students, and the poor skill levels of those students, entering the program. Raspberry Pi was designed to be a cheap, hackable computer for improving tinkering skills. While Upton worked on prototypes from 2006 onward, the first shipment of Pis became available in [April 2012][4]. + +Arduino, on the other hand, was born in Italy. It was named after the bar where inventor Massimo Banzi and his cofounders first forged the idea. Banzi, a teacher at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea, wanted a simple hardware prototyping tool for his design students. + +As teaching tools, both Arduino and Raspberry Pi suitable for beginners. It’s only when examining their hardware and software that it becomes apparent they’re used for very different types of projects. + +### Hardware And Software ### + +Here’s an overview of some of the specs that show the biggest differences between the two: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+

 

+		 +

Arduino Uno

+		 +

Raspberry Pi Model B

+
+

Price

+		 +

$30

+		 +

$35

+
+

Size

+		 +

7.6 x 1.9 x 6.4 cm

+		 +

8.6cm x 5.4cm x 1.7cm

+
+

Memory 

+		 +

0.002MB

+		 +

512MB

+
+

Clock Speed

+		 +

16 MHz

+		 +

700 MHz

+
+

On Board Network

+		 +

None

+		 +

10/100 wired Ethernet RJ45

+
+

Multitasking

+		 +

No

+		 +

Yes

+
+

Input voltage

+		 +

7 to 12 V

+		 +

5 V

+
+

Flash

+		 +

32KB

+		 +

SD Card (2 to 16G) 

+
+

USB 

+		 +

One, input only

+		 +

Two, peripherals OK

+
+

Operating System

+		 +

None

+		 +

Linux distributions

+
+

Integrated Development Environment

+		 +

Arduino

+		 +

Scratch, IDLE, anything with Linux support

+
+ +The price and size of the two devices are comparable; we already knew Raspberry Pi and Arduino were tiny and cheap. It’s the stuff inside that sets them apart. + +The Raspberry Pi is 40 times faster than an Arduino when it comes to clock speed. Even more seemingly damning for Arduino, Pi has 128,000 times more RAM. The Raspberry Pi is an independent computer that can run an actual operating system in Linux. It can multitask, support two USB ports, and connect wirelessly to the Internet. In short, it’s powerful enough to function as a personal computer (though not powerful enough to compete with your Mac or PC). + +It might sound like Raspberry Pi is superior to Arduino, but that's only when it comes to software applications. Arduino’s simplicity makes it a much better bet for pure hardware projects. + +I asked Limor Fried, the founder of [Adafruit][5], a DIY electronics store that offers parts and kits for both Arduino and Pi projects, about her expert opinion on their differences. An MIT educated engineer whose mission in life is to teach electronics to people of all skill levels, Fried knows both platforms better than most. + +“Arduino does have a 'real-time' and 'analog' capability that the Pi does not: This flexibility allows it to work with just about any kind of sensor or chips,” Fried said. “The Pi is not as flexible; for example, reading analog sensors requires extra hardware assistance. There are also thousands of tutorials on hooking an Arduino into just about every kind of part. On the other hand, the Pi benefits from decades of Linux software, so they're both great choices.” + +The Arduino IDE is significantly easier to use than Linux. For example, if you wanted to write a program to blink an LED with Raspberry Pi, you’d need to install an operating system and some code libraries—and that’s just to start. On Arduino, you can get an LED light to blink in just eight lines of code. Since Arduino isn’t designed to run an OS or a lot of software, you can just plug it in and get started. + +Raspberry Pi can multitask processes—it can run multiple programs in the background while activated. For example, I have a Raspberry Pi that is serving as both a print server and a [VPN server][6] at the same time. + +On the other hand, you can leave an Arduino plugged in as it conducts a single process for a long time, and just unplug it when you’re not using it. This is why Fried would recommend the Arduino for beginners before she would the Pi: + +“The Arduino is simpler, harder to 'break' or 'damage' and has much more learning resources at this time for beginners,” Fried said. “With the Pi you have to learn some Linux as well as programming—such as Python. The Arduino works with any computer and can run off of a battery. You can also turn it on and off safely at any time. The Pi setup can be damaged by unplugging it without a proper shutdown.” + +While the Raspberry Pi shines in software application, the Arduino makes hardware projects very simple. It’s simply a matter of figuring out what you want to do. + +### Working Together ### + +The ultimate answer when deciding between the Pi and Arduino is, “Why choose?” If you’re looking to learn about electronics, each one will teach you something different. + +According to Fried, Raspberry Pi and Arduino are complementary. She suggested a scenario where the Arduino is the sensory workhouse, while the Pi doles out directions: + +“They work great together,” Fried said. “The Arduino is best for motor driving, sensor reading, LED driving, etc while you can have an Internet-connected Pi drive it, a mini computer that can play videos, music or send emails with ease.” + +Author Simon Monk, who has written dozens of books on both Pi and Arduino, blogged a tutorial for [getting Raspberry Pi to talk to Arduino][7] in just a few lines of code. It makes use of a Python library, [PySerial][8], that the Arduino foundation recommends as the easiest way to get computers to talk to Arduino. + +Once you’ve got that down, the possibilities are infinite. You could [homebrew beer][9], with the Arduino controlling the sensors and the Pi managing the brains of the operation. You could also create a [platform for making robots][10] that are much more capable than plain Arduino or Raspberry Pi bots. + +### Community ### + +Both Raspberry Pi and Arduino have large, active communities surrounding them. Not only are they used in schools and universities, but also in hackerspaces worldwide. + +Here are some of the places you can visit to get Raspberry Pi support and project ideas: + +- [The Raspberry Pi Foundation — FAQs][10] +- [The Raspberry Pi Foundation — Project Forums][11] +- [Learn Raspberry Pi with Adafruit][12] +- [Element 14 (Pi’s manufacturer) Raspberry Pi Community][13] +- [The Raspberry Pi Wiki][14] + +Here are some of the places you can visit to get the same for Arduino: + +- [Arduino’s Official Getting Started Guide][15] +- [Arduino Playground][16] +- [Arduino Official Forums][17] +- [Learn Arduino with Adafruit][18] +- [r/arduino on Reddit][19] + +Photo by [Simon Monk][20] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://readwrite.com/2014/05/07/arduino-vs-raspberry-pi-projects-diy-platform#feed=/hack&awesm=~oEFMq68riarQK2 + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://readwrite.com/2014/04/21/easy-arduino-projects-basics-tutorials-diy-hardware +[2]:http://readwrite.com/2014/01/20/raspberry-pi-everything-you-need-to-know +[3]:http://readwrite.com/2014/04/16/arduino-raspberry-pi-connected-home-tutorials-projects +[4]:http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/1081 +[5]:http://www.adafruit.com/ +[6]:http://readwrite.com/2014/04/10/raspberry-pi-vpn-tutorial-server-secure-web-browsing +[7]:http://www.doctormonk.com/2012/04/raspberry-pi-and-arduino.html +[8]:http://playground.arduino.cc/Interfacing/Python +[9]:http://www.brewpi.com/ +[10]:http://www.raspberrypi.org/help/faqs/ +[11]:http://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewforum.php?f=15 +[12]:https://learn.adafruit.com/category/learn-raspberry-pi +[13]:http://www.element14.com/community/community/raspberry-pi +[14]:http://elinux.org/RPi_Hub +[15]:http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/HomePage +[16]:http://playground.arduino.cc/Projects/ArduinoUsers +[17]:http://forum.arduino.cc/ +[18]:https://learn.adafruit.com/category/learn-arduino +[19]:http://www.reddit.com/r/Arduino +[20]:http://www.doctormonk.com/2012/04/raspberry-pi-and-arduino.html \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..01d0806ffe --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +How To Install ‘California’ Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04 +================================================================================ +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/california-calendar.jpg) + +**When non-profit software outfit Yorba revealed that it had [begun work on a new desktop calendar app][1] called ‘California’ last month plenty of us were duly excited — “About time!“, we declared in our own headline. ** + +And for good reason as Yorba are the hands behind the user-friendly e-mail client ‘Geary‘ and slick photo management software ‘Shotwell‘. Expectations for their foray into Linux productivity software are, naturally, rather high. + +Although **California is not yet stable** enough to warrant a formal release it is now available to install on Ubuntu through the company’s daily development PPA. + +### Progress So Far ### + +“*Neeeeeyaaaaaaaawwnnn!*” — that’s the sound of the caveats plane coming in to land at San Francisco International Airport. + +Yes, California is in active development; it’s not finished nor is it stable enough for everyday use by everyday folk who might want to use it. But, if you’re clever enough to deal with a few bugs you can install the app on Ubuntu 14.04. + +Whether you should will depend on your needs. + +Current builds (i.e., at the time of writing) offers local management and basic support for Google Calendar and web cal (.ics). Events even show up in the GNOME Date/Time applet. + +#### Natural Language Input #### + +When first launching California you are presented with an overview of the current month. There is not yet — at least that I could find — a way to view by week, by year or by agenda. You can cycle though months using the navigation buttons, however. + +New calendars (*e.g., ‘work‘, ‘pet schedule‘*) can be created and toggled on/off by clicking the Calendar icon in the toolbar. Each calendar can be assigned a different colour to help visually differentiate between items when all are shown in the main overview. + +To create a new event click the ‘+’ icon and, using **natural language input** in the input box that appears, enter a description of the event you want to file. For example, enter the text “*Bake Sansa Stark A Lemon Cake on Wednesday 2.45 PM*” will lodge a new entry for the following Wednesday at the relevant time (14:45). + +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Screen-Shot-2014-05-15-at-21.26.20.png) + +I can’t wait for this feature to become a bit more refined. Right now, while it accurately pinpoints dates (give or take) it doesn’t support creation of recurring events (e.g., via “*Skype chat with Sam every Tuesday at 7 AM*“) nor does it fill in locations or people (e.g., “*Coffee with Penelope on Monday 12 PM at Boston Tea Party*“). + +For greater control you can also refine and edit entries created by double-clicking on them in the grid view. This will open up a window with additional fields, time pickers, date forms and so on. + +#### Lacking In Radiance #### + +If there is a drawback to be found (bugs and missing options should be overlooked at this stage) it is appearance. While it looks fantastic under Adwaita, under Ubuntu’s default theme it looks atrocious. + +This is not the fault of Yorba (or GNOME) but Ubuntu’s design team who has yet to add theming support for GNOME’s new GTK Header Bars and its modal dialogs to its ‘light themes’. + +California is fully useable on Ubuntu it just happens to resemble software run in the aftermath of a failed distribution upgrade. This issue won’t affect those running Ubuntu GNOME or rocking modern third-party GTK3 themes. + +### Install California in Ubuntu 14.04 ### + +If you glossed over the warning earlier, I’ll repeat: California is unstable and in active development. + +The [Yorba Daily PPA][2] also contains newer (unstable) versions of Shotwell and Geary. Adding this PPA to your system will also see these upgraded. + + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yorba/daily-builds + sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install california + +A safer way to try the app out is to [download the .deb installers from the PPA directly][3]: + +- [Download California for Ubuntu 14.04 (64bit)][4] +- [Download California for Ubuntu 14.04 (32bit)][5] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/california-calendar-app-hits-yorba-daily-ppa + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/yorba-california-calendar-app-linux +[2]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/ +[3]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+packages +[4]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+files/california_0.1.0-0%7E188%7Eubuntu14.04.1_amd64.deb +[5]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+files/california_0.1.0-0%7E188%7Eubuntu14.04.1_i386.deb \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/tech/Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d000be6a7a --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04 +================================================================================ +[SoundCloud][1] is a great platform to discover alternate or indi music. If you are a fan of SoundCloud, you may want to try it as a ‘desktop app’ for Ubuntu 14.04, earlier versions and other Linux distributions such as Linux Mint, Elementary OS etc. + +To **install SoundCloud in Ubuntu 14.04**, we shall use the same trick which we used to [install Google Keep in Ubuntu][2]. We used Google Chrome to install Google Keep and this time we’ll use Firefox to install SoundCloud. + +### Install SoundCloud in Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint: ### + +Since Ubuntu (and most other Linux distributions) come pre-installed with Ubuntu, just open Firefox and go to the following address: [https://marketplace.firefox.com/][3] + +Firefox Marketplace is Firefox alternative of Chrome store and provides several apps meant for Firefox smartphone OS, as well as Firefox web browser. Search for SoundCloud in Firefox Marketplace. Click on install to install it and add is as a web app in Ubuntu. + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Firefox_SoundClud.jpeg) + +Once it’s done, you can start the SoundCloud desktop app by searching for it in Unity Dash. Here is how the app looks like in Ubuntu 14.04 Unity: + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/SoundCloud_Ubuntu.jpeg) + +### Uninstall SoundCloud app installed from Firefox Marketplace ### + +Don’t be over excited. This desktop doesn’t have sound menu integration and I cannot say the same about desktop notification but it is still better than the web one, at least I think so. But if you are disappointed with it and uninstall it, it’s very easy to do so in Ubuntu. + +Run SoundCloud, **right click** on its icon in Unity Launcher and click **unintsall app**. + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Uninstall_SoundCloud_Ubuntu.jpeg) + +I am not much of a SoundCloud fan. I prefer [installing Spotify in Ubuntu][4] over any other streaming music app. What about you? + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://itsfoss.com/install-soundcloud-ubuntu-1404/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://soundcloud.com/ +[2]:http://itsfoss.com/install-google-keep-ubuntu-1310/ +[3]:https://marketplace.firefox.com/ +[4]:http://itsfoss.com/install-spotify-ubuntu-1404/ \ No newline at end of file From 6262cc5fdf340a5ed41a1bc0ec8784a873b4bd2c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Mon, 19 May 2014 21:49:53 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 139/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=96=B0=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98=EF=BC=9AUbu?= =?UTF-8?q?ntu=20Touch=20and=20Android=20Dual=20Boot=20Installation?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ouch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md | 340 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 340 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md diff --git a/sources/tech/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md b/sources/tech/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..59b88e9736 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md @@ -0,0 +1,340 @@ +Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation +=================================== + +Ubuntu Dual Boot Installer is provided as a tech preview for developers who want to run Ubuntu and Android on a single device. It is not intended to be used by regular users, neither at this point nor as its ultimate goal. Those developers installing it should be familiar with the Ubuntu and Android partition layouts and should also feel at home with manually flashing partitions in case something goes wrong. + +Ubuntu Dual Boot Installer was born as an internal skunkworks project some Canonical Engineers dedicated a limited amount of their time to. Seeing the good progress, it was decided to release this preview for the developer community to test, study and contribute to. + +Dual boot is not part of the regular Ubuntu release. + +## What to expect after installation + +- A single device with the ability to switch between fully functional Android and Ubuntu images +- On Android: an Ubuntu Installer app to install Ubuntu, as well as to boot into Ubuntu +- On Android: the SuperUser app to grant permissions to the Ubuntu Installer app +- On Ubuntu: an Ubuntu Dual Boot app to boot into Android +- Ubuntu system updates are not yet supported from the Ubuntu side, but they can be done via the Android app + +## Requirements + +To install dual-boot, you'll need: + +- **A Nexus 4 device** (other [supported Nexus devices][1] should in theory work but have not been tested at the time) +- **Android 4.4.2 or higher** running on the device, either stock firmware or based on CyanogenMod or AOSP. +- **2.7GB of free storage** on the device to install Ubuntu +- **ADB tools** running on your desktop computer +- The device needs its **bootloader to be unlocked and USB debugging enabled**. Follow steps 1 to 3 below to do this, or alternatively, if your device is already unlocked and has USB debugging enabled, you can [skip to the installation process >][2] + +### Step 1 - Desktop Setup + +The following steps are required on your desktop system that you'll need in order to flash and communicate with the device. + +**Set up the Touch Developer Preview Tools PPA** + +The PPA is a small mini repository which contains additional software required by this install process. The following section details how to enable and use it. + +The PPA has the tools and dependencies to support Ubuntu releases including 12.04, 12.10, 13.04, 13.10 and 14.04. Add the Ubuntu Touch PPA by adding the following custom source list entry to your `/etc/apt/sources.list` file. + +On your computer, press `Ctrl+Alt+T` to start a terminal. + + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:phablet-team/tools + +On Ubuntu 12.04, you will also need to run: + + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-sdk-team/ppa + +Then do the following: + + sudo apt-get update + sudo apt-get install ubuntu-device-flash + +### Step 1.5 - Optional Android Backup + +- If not enabled, enable developer mode, by tapping `Settings -> About phone -> Build number` (x 7 times) +- If not enabled, enable usb debugging in `Settings -> Developer options -> USB debugging` +- Execute on your computer + + $ adb backup -apk -shared -all + +This should hopefully create backup.ab with all of your apps, OS, and data. Later, after reflashing with android (or rooting / unlocking) you will be able to use $ adb restore backup.ab to restore all of your data. + +### Step 2 - Device unlock + +If the device is already unlocked, skip to Step 3. These steps will wipe all personal data from the device. + +1. With the device powered off, power on the device by holding the `Power button` + `volume up` + `volume down`. +2. The device will boot into the bootloader. +3. Plug the device into the computer via the USB cable. +4. On your computer, press `Ctrl+Alt+T` to start a terminal. Type sudo fastboot oem unlock, followed by Enter +5. On the device screen, accept the terms of unlocking. +6. Boot the device by pressing the `power button` (pointed by an arrow with Start on the screen). + +**Device factory reset** + +If you get stuck in a bootloop rebooting the tablet after unlocking the bootloader... Here's what you do: + +1. During the bootloop.. hold the `power button` + `volume up` + `volume down` button simultaneously to get yourself back into fastboot mode as you were previously. +2. In fastboot mode.. use the volume keys to scroll to Recovery and the power button to select it. +3. In Recovery (Android robot on his back with a red triangle)... tap the volume up button and the power button simultaneously which will bring you into stock recovery. Again.. Don't hold the buttons, just tap them simultaneously. Also make sure you're holding the correct volume button. Up will be the volume key on the right. +4. Once you're in Recovery.. perform a factory reset/data wipe and then reboot your tablet... you should now be back to the Welcome Screen. + +### Step 3 - Initial Device Setup + +Follow these initial steps on your device: + +1. If not booted, boot the device into Android +2. Enable USB debugging on the device + - on Ice Cream Sandwich (version 4.0) go to Settings and turn on USB Debugging (`Settings > System > Developer options > USB debugging`). + - on Jelly Bean (versions 4.1 and 4.2) you need to enter `Settings, About [Phone|Tablet]` and tap the Build number 7 times to see the Developer Options. + - on 4.2.2, (`settings > about` > tap on build number 7 times to activate the developer options menu item). + - On either Android version you must then enable USB debugging via `Settings > Developer options > USB debugging`. You will also need to accept a host key on the device. + - On the workstation-> `adb kill-server; adb start-server` +3. Plug the device into the computer via the USB cable. + - Depending on the installed Android version, a popup will show up on the device with the host key that needs to be accepted for the device to communicate with the workstation. + - Note, 'adb devices' should not show the device as 'offline'. If it does, unplug the device, run adb under sudo on the workstation (`sudo adb kill-server; sudo adb start-server`), then plug the device back in. + - In some cases, the device will continue to show offline, and the host key popup will not appear if the USB connection method is 'MTP' (default for some devices and versions of Android). Unchecking all options in the USB connection method (`Settings -> Storage -> Menu -> USB computer connection -> MTP, PTP`) seems to resolve this adb connection issue for some users. +4. Save the version of the current image on the device, if on Android, to use as a reference to revert back to. The version can be found by going to `Settings > About Phone > Build Number`. + +Newer Nexus 10s have not booted fully after developer mode was enabled. If this occurs boot into the bootloader and do "`fastboot -w`", then proceed to the next step. + + +## Dual boot installation or upgrade instructions + +The procedure at this point is effectively the same for both new installations and upgrades of an existing dual boot installation. + +### Installing the Ubuntu Installer app in Android + +Ubuntu Note: if you had installed a previous version of Ubuntu dual boot, please make sure to uninstall Ubuntu from the Android app before upgrading to the new Ubuntu dual boot. You can keep the user data, only uninstallation of the base system is recommended. + +1. On your computer, download the dual boot installation script into your home directory from: http://humpolec.ubuntu.com/latest/dualboot.sh + +2. Open a terminal on your computer pressing the `Ctrl+Alt+T` key combination +3. Make the installation script executable by running this command: + + chmod +x dualboot.sh + +4. Ensure that your device: + - has booted normally into the Android user interface + - has USB debugging enabled + - has an unlocked bootloader +5. Connect your device via USB to your computer +6. Install dual-boot by running this command on a terminal: + + ./dualboot.sh + +After installation, the phone will reboot several times. Once finished, it will boot into Android and you will find the dual boot app as “Ubuntu Dual Boot” in the Apps section. + +Optionally, for alternative ways of using the installer script, [check out the installer reference >][3]. + +Now follow the instructions below to install Ubuntu from Android. + +## Installing Ubuntu from Android + +Note: 2.7GB of free memory space is required on your device for the Ubuntu installation. + +1. Optionally, on your desktop, and while your device is still connected via USB, issue the following command on the terminal to free up space (say "Yes" if you are asked to grant permissions on the device): + + adb shell "su sh rm -rf /cache/*" + +2. On the device, press the apps button in Android to bring up the list of apps +3. Browse the apps to find the **Ubuntu Dual Boot** icon and press it to start the app +4. When the app launches, press on **Choose channel to install** and choose a channel to download from (the recommended channel is **utopic**) +5. Once download is completed you need to Grant SU permissions to the application for the install to be successful. Press the **Grant** button, when prompted. +6. Press the **Reboot to Ubuntu** button to boot to Ubuntu. +7. A standard phone reboot with the hard key will always boot to Android. + +Notes: + +- All channels supported by the phablet-flash tool are also supported by the Ubuntu Installer on Android +- When selecting an Ubuntu channel, the **bootstrap** checkbox lets you wipe user data from Ubuntu, otherwise it is kept between installations. Since you're installing for the first time now, it won't make a difference +- When selecting an Ubuntu channel, unticking the **latest version** checkbox will let you select a particular image number. Otherwise, if checked it will default to the latest image. +- If during installation the Ubuntu download finished while the phone was locked or when the Ubuntu Installer app was not on the foreground, the installation button will change to **Resume install**. This will resume installation to the point where SuperUser permissions are requested. + +## Additional notes + +### Updating to a new Ubuntu image + +The rule of thumb for dual boot is: + +- Installation of a new Ubuntu version needs to be done from the Android side via the Dualboot app +- Download of a new Ubuntu version can happen on either the Ubuntu or Android side + +This effectively means there are two possible ways to upgrade your Ubuntu image: + +- **If you are running Android**, use the Dualboot app to check and install new versions of Ubuntu by selecting "Uninstall Ubuntu" from the menu options. Next you will be asked if you want to keep the user data from Ubuntu. If you do want to keep the data, contacts, installed applications, pictures, background settings and such will be kept across Ubuntu installations. Additionally, every time there is a new Ubuntu version available, you'll get an Android notification: + - For stable channels, the app polls for new versions every 2 days + - For proposed channels, the app polls for new versions every 10 hours +- **If you are running Ubuntu**, use the standard upgrade mechanism to download new images via System Settings, but do not choose to install the image after having downloaded it. Instead, once the dowload has finished, reboot to Android and the Dualboot app there will resume the installation. Once finished, you can then reboot to Ubuntu. + +To update Ubuntu to a newer version, On the android Ubuntu dual boot application, Once Ubuntu has been uninstalled, follow the same installation step to download a newer version of Ubuntu. + +### Dual boot installer command reference + +For the majority of cases, running the installer script in auto mode with no arguments will suffice. For more advanced usage, additional commands can be used. + +dualboot.sh + +- Auto mode: it detects if the SuperUser app installation is required and instals or updates the Dualboot application on Android + +dualboot.sh full + +- Full mode: it installs the SuperUser and Dualboot apps on Android + +dualboot.sh update + +- Update mode: it installs or updates the Dualboot app on Android + +dualboot.sh channel $CHANNEL + +- Sideload mode: it downloads the latest from the specified Ubuntu $CHANNEL and sideloads the files to the phone. It then starts the Dualboot app on Android to resume the Ubuntu installation with the sideloaded files. + +dualboot.sh push ubuntu.tar.xz device.tar.xz version.tar.xz + +- Sideload push mode: it sideloads the downloaded files passed as a parameter and it starts the Dualboot app to resume installation with them on the Android side. + +The script also takes a device ID in case there are more devices connected to the computer. The device ID is the first parameter passed to the script. If it is not provided first connected device is used. E.g. + + dualboot.sh channel devel-customized + +### Using a custom image server + +If you need to use a custom image server that provides ported images for those devices outside of the officially supported, you can use a custom image server with the Dualboot app. To do so, open a terminal, and with your device connected over USB, issue the following command (replacing $CUSTOM\_SERVER\_URL with the URL or your custom server): + + adb shell "su sh 'cd /data/data/com.canonical.ubuntu.installer/files/ && echo $CUSTOM_SERVER_URL > custom_server && chmod 777 custom_server'" + +The next time you start the Dualboot app on Android, it will use that server to fetch and install images instead of the official Ubuntu one. + +## If something goes wrong + +If something goes wrong after the dual boot installation and you cannot boot either into Ubuntu or Android, you can revert the Android installation to the status it was before dual boot by reflashing the original boot and recovery images. Only the recovery partition is actually modified by dual boot, but you can choose to reflash the boot partition just in case. + +1. Download the Android firmware you are running on your device onto your PC. +2. Open a terminal with `Ctrl+Alt+T` +3. Extract the firmware tarball and cd to its directory. +4. Run the following command to reboot into the bootloader + + adb reboot bootloader + +5. Once in the bootloader, run this command to reflash the boot partition: + + fastboot flash boot boot.img + +6. Without exiting the bootloader, run this command to reflash the recovery partition: + + fastboot flash recovery recovery.img + +7. After flashing, reboot and your phone should start into Android: + + fastboot reboot + +## Contributing + +The dual boot project, as with the rest of Ubuntu is open source and open for participation, you can help making it better too! + +- [Report bugs >][4] +- [Contribute code >][5] + +## FAQ + +### How does dual boot work? + +An Android-based phone has multiple partitions which serve different purposes. Those relevant for dual booting are **/boot**, **/recovery**, **/system** and **/data**. + +- The **boot** partition is loaded by the bootloader during a normal boot. The boot image in that partition is a combination of the kernel and a ramdisk. In short, the bootloader unpacks the boot image, creates a ramdisk and copies the content of the boot image's ramdisk into it. Then the kernel is started by executing the **init process** from ramdisk. +- The **recovery partition** contains the recovery image, which is just a different kind of boot image. It also includes a kernel and a ramdisk, where the init binary is replaced by a recovery binary inside the ramdisk. +- The **system partition** holds all the read-only system files (except the ones in ramdisk), and it is mounted by the init process. +- The **data partition** is then a writable partition used by the system for user data. + +Ubuntu uses partitions in a slightly different way: + +- The **boot** and **recovery** partitions have the same functionality as in Android +- The **system image** holds the Android part of the system which is executed inside the LXC. +- The **data partition** contains the Ubuntu system under **/data/ubuntu/** + +In order to enable the user to choose their own flavour of Android, the Android boot image cannot be modified, as the original kernel needs to be preserved. **Thus the recovery partition is used to boot into Ubuntu.** + +### Which versions of Android does dual-boot work with? + +- Stock Android or AOSP 4.4.2 or higher. +- CyanogenMod (based on Android 4.4.2 or higher). + +### Which devices does dual-boot work for? + +Dual boot has been tested to work with the following devices: + +- Nexus 4 +- Nexus 7 +- Nexus 10 + +### Which Ubuntu releases does dual-boot support? + +Dual boot supports the same channels that phablet-flash supports. + +### How is the user data partition shared between Android and Ubuntu? + +The user data partition hosts also the Ubuntu system image at /data/system.img which is around 2 GB. + +The Ubuntu swap file is also present in the data partition at /data/SWAP.img (around (540 MB) + +The Ubuntu user and system data are also present at: + +- /data/user-data +- /data/system-data + +The Android data partition usage is unchanged. + +### Is booting into recovery no longer possible when dual-booting? + +The recovery partition when dual booting is currently used by the Ubuntu boot image. This means that when booting into recovery mode, Ubuntu will boot. + +Access of the recovery will be resolved in future releases. However when the Ubuntu image is uninstalled, the original (Android stock or CWM) recovery is restored by the Ubuntu Install android app. + +### If dual boot replaces the recovery partition, can I do an Android upgrade with dual boot installed? + +Yes. Use the "Prepare for Android update" option in the Dual boot app menu on Android. This will recover your original Android recovery partition, ready for the Android upgrade. This will obviously delete the Ubuntu installation in the recovery partition, but you can easily reinstall it after the Android upgrade from the Dual boot app. + +In any case, you can always uninstall dual boot, which will restore your original recovery partition. + +### Can I uninstall dual boot? + +Yes, when Ubuntu is uninstalled from the Android side via the dual boot app, the original Android recovery partition is restored to the original state before dual boot was installed. + +Uninstalling Ubuntu also deletes the Ubuntu system image and swap file. Optionally, also the Ubuntu user data can be deleted. + +### The dual boot app installs a copy of the the SuperUser app. Can I use another SuperUser app instead? + +Yes indeed! The supplied [SuperUser][6] app is only for those who don't have it installed yet. + +However, one word of caution: tests were only performed only with the SuperUser app version from the [CyanogenMod][7] build and with the one installed by dualboot.sh script. But as long as you own SuperUser app behaves in similar way of those two tested, you should be fine. + +### When installing Ubuntu, can I switch channels without deleting user data? + +Yes you can, but this is something that hasn't been thoroughly tested. Therefore some applications might not function properly. The same applies for switching between different versions. + +### Can I make boot to Ubuntu the default and move the Android boot to the recovery partition? + +Right now swapping the default boot OS is not possible. However, this is something we might look to support if there is demand for it. + +### Why do you use the recovery partition to boot Ubuntu, rather than a combined boot image for Android and Ubuntu? + +One of the initial principles when designing dual boot was not to tie it to a particular Android flavour and version and leave the user the flexibility to use their own choice. Thus the Android boot image and the kernel it contains are left untouched. + +The choice was then to reuse the recovery partition, and instead focus on restoring it back to its original state if it's necessary to go back to single boot with Android. + +### I already have CWM recovery installed and know how to use it, can I use a zip file and flash manually instead? + +Absolutely, we provide dualboot.sh to make it easy to install the apps and the custom recovery. If you prefer to install the recovery manually yourself, it's also possible. Check out the source code for the dualboot.sh script to see exactly what it's doing. + +### Why does the Ubuntu Installer app need to be installed to the system partition via recovery? + +The Ubuntu Installer app needs to be installed as an Android (preinstalled) system app. Unlike use-installed apps, which live in the data partition, system apps always live in system partition and are granted additional privileges on top of the standard permissions set available to 3rd party applications. + +The extra permissions that the Ubuntu installer app needs are just two: **cache partition write access** to store the downloaded files for Ubuntu installation and **power management** capability to reboot the system. + +[1]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/Devices#Working_with_phablet-flash +[2]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/DualBootInstallation#Installation +[3]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/DualBootInstallation#DualBootInstallerReference +[4]:https://bugs.launchpad.net/humpolec/+filebug +[5]:https://code.launchpad.net/humpolec +[6]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/SuperUser +[7]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/CyanogenMod \ No newline at end of file From 06e3f70516575dd76aed311e3f69370566646377 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Mon, 19 May 2014 21:52:03 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 140/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=BF=98=E8=AE=B0=E9=A1=B5=E5=B0=BE?= =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BA=86=EF=BC=9A=E3=80=8A=E6=9E=9C=E7=84=B6=E4=B8=8D=E4=B8=93?= =?UTF-8?q?=E4=B8=9A?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md | 8 ++++++++ 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+) diff --git a/sources/tech/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md b/sources/tech/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md index 59b88e9736..e3a9f3c882 100644 --- a/sources/tech/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md +++ b/sources/tech/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md @@ -331,6 +331,14 @@ The Ubuntu Installer app needs to be installed as an Android (preinstalled) syst The extra permissions that the Ubuntu installer app needs are just two: **cache partition write access** to store the downloaded files for Ubuntu installation and **power management** capability to reboot the system. +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/DualBootInstallation + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + [1]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/Devices#Working_with_phablet-flash [2]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/DualBootInstallation#Installation [3]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/DualBootInstallation#DualBootInstallerReference From 5e9a6bc9c496c51e2a95ba6756d44a25595facf1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Mon, 19 May 2014 22:35:40 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 141/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83:The=20New=20Open=20S?= =?UTF-8?q?ource=20StuntRally=202.3=20Racing=20Game=20Looks=20Great?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md | 30 +++++++++++++++++++ ... StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md | 30 ------------------- 2 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md delete mode 100644 translated/news/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md diff --git a/published/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md b/published/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..21a2550539 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +开源赛车游戏 StuntRally 的新的 2.3 版本看起来棒极了 +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/The-new-Open-Source-StuntRally-2-3-Racing-Game-Looks-Great-441726-2.jpg) + +StuntRally是一个有着多达150条特色赛道和大量汽车模型的免费赛车游戏，它刚刚发布了最新的2.3版本，新版本的画质有了很大的提高。 + +该游戏是建立在大量的开源技术上的，如Vdrift，bullet，OGRE，PagedGeometry和MyGUI，虽然在此仅仅举了这几个例子，但是这个游戏绝对不是一个简单的项目。 仅仅从他的特点描述中就能看出，StuntRally大概是在Linux平台上最有前景的开源街机赛车游戏之一。 + +玩家可以从153条赛车轨道和24个关卡中感受到游戏的魅力，并且这款游戏超过四个小时的游戏时间真是业界良心啊。 StuntRally特色功能有幽灵驾驶模式（在比赛中最接近你的赛车的视角），赛道幽灵车（每条赛道上都有一个绿色的幽灵记录车），当然还有回放（保存你得驾驶记录，并且你可以从其他的摄像头视角观看）。当然，游戏中也有教程，锦标赛，挑战赛以及多人比赛等。但是这些功能都仅仅只是表面的特点。 + +如果我们注意到这是一个免费的游戏，仅仅是开发人员在业余时所做的，Stuntrally的图形效果就已经相当不错了。游戏中玩家需要设定八个的图形参数，包裹地形的视差，三维映射，汽车和水中的倒影，水的折射，开花，运动模糊，SSAO，景深，日光和HDR。其中一些最新的功能将需要玩家重新购买一个新的显卡才行。 + +除此之外，开发商还开发了赛道编辑器，允许用户实时编辑比赛道路和它们的参数，通过改变赛道的参数、调整地形，甚至修改自己的赛车，从而让驾驶乐趣倍增。 + +这次的变更说明显示，所有的赛道都被重新制作了，所有的纹理地形贴图已经升级到1K像素，背景噪音目前也有了很多的变化，不再是单一的一种声音，光线现在也有了多个照射路径，更加真实，草的密度现在已经渲染到了一个极致，动态摄像机也已经添加，并且游戏开始的燃料现在取决于轨道长度。 + +此外，用户现在可以选择的地形纹理、草和植被模型窗口，地形编辑，现在按键比之前方便了很多，新版本的编辑器中有大量的修改，比如，图层按钮已被调换，赛道编辑器的起始位置也已经改变，图层，草和植被按钮上的已被更新，对地形和路面参数的表面标签已被添加，等等。 + +关于StuntRally的这一新版本的更多详情，可在[公告][1]中找到。你现在可以从官方[网站][2]下载StuntRally2.3。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/The-new-Open-Source-StuntRally-2-3-Racing-Game-Looks-Great-441726.shtml + +译者：[MikeCoder](https://github.com/MikeCoder) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://code.google.com/p/vdrift-ogre/wiki/VersionHistory +[2]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/stuntrally/files/ diff --git a/translated/news/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md b/translated/news/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5a2c58d79d..0000000000 --- a/translated/news/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,30 +0,0 @@ -StuntRally2.3新版本赛车游戏看起来好极了 -================================================================================ -![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/The-new-Open-Source-StuntRally-2-3-Racing-Game-Looks-Great-441726-2.jpg) - -StuntRally是一个有着超过150条特色赛道和大量汽车模型的免费赛车游戏，它刚刚发布了最新的2.3版本，新版本的画质有了很大的提高。 - -该游戏是建立在大量的开源技术上的，如Vdrift，bullet，OGRE，PagedGeometry和MyGUI，虽然在此仅仅举了这几个例，但是这个游戏绝对不是一个简单的项目。 仅仅从他的特点描述数中就能看出，StuntRally大概是在Linux平台上最有前景的开源街机赛车游戏。 - -玩家将会在153条赛车轨道和24个关卡中感受游戏的魅力，并且这款游戏的游戏时间将超过4小时(业界良心)。 StuntRally还有一个特色就是ghost drive模式（在比赛中最接近你的赛车的视角），轨道的ghost（每条赛道上都有一个路色的ghost记录车），当然还有重播（保存你得驾驶记录，并且你可以从其他的相机观看）。当然，游戏中也有教程，锦标赛，挑战以及多人。但是这些功能都仅仅只是最浅的特点。 - -如果我们记住，这是一个免费的游戏，仅仅是人们在闲暇时所做的，Stuntrally的图形效果就已经相当不错了。游戏中玩家需要设定八个的图形参数，包裹地形的视差，三维映射，汽车和水中的倒影，水的折射，开花，运动模糊，景深，SSAO，神的光芒，和HDR。其中一些最新的功能将需要玩家重新购买一个新的显卡。 - -除此之外，开发商还开发了赛道编辑器，允许用户实时编辑比赛道路和它们的参数，通过改变赛道的参数，来调整地形，甚至修改自己的赛车从而更加有趣的驾驶。 - -根据该修改日志，所有的赛道都被重新制作，所有的纹理地形贴图已经升级到1K像素，背景噪音目前也有了很多的变数，不再是单一的一种声音，光线现在也有了多个照射轨道，更加真实，草的密度现在已经渲染到了一个极致，动态摄像机也已经添加，并且游戏开始的燃料现在取决于轨道长度。 - -此外，用户现在可以选择的地形纹理，草和植被模型窗口，地形编辑，现在按键比之前方便了很多，新版本的编辑器中有大量的修改，比如，图层按钮已被调换，赛道编辑器的起始位置也已经改变，图层，草和植被按钮上的已被更新，对地形和路面参数的表面标签已被添加，等等。 - -关于StuntRally的这一新版本的更多详情，可在[公告][1]中找到。你现在可以从官方[网站][2]下载StuntRally2.3。 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/The-new-Open-Source-StuntRally-2-3-Racing-Game-Looks-Great-441726.shtml - -译者：[MikeCoder](https://github.com/MikeCoder) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:https://code.google.com/p/vdrift-ogre/wiki/VersionHistory -[2]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/stuntrally/files/ From e4377ec8bb7eb9d94ee70cc8283e95ff333504c9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: icybreaker Date: Tue, 20 May 2014 04:17:37 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 142/601] translated by icybreaker --- ...o Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md | 102 ------------------ 1 file changed, 102 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md diff --git a/sources/tech/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/tech/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7a73973c5e..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,102 +0,0 @@ -translating by icybreaker -How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04 -================================================================================ -![You can upgrade to GNOME 3.12 – but it’s not advised](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Screen-Shot-2014-03-26-at-21.53.58-350x200.png) - -**If you’ve recently installed or upgraded to Ubuntu GNOME 14.04 LTS then you will no doubt be enjoying a stable, dependable GNOME Shell experience.** - -But I suspect that the more nerdcore users among you would rather trade in the stability that’s offered up by default for a newer, badder, and potentially much buggier experience. You want to know how to upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04? - -### Well, I’m here to show you how. First though, I n ### - -GNOME 3.12 was released in late March to much fanfare and some fantastic reviews. But despite going ‘stable’ before Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, released last month, it is not available to install from the Ubuntu 14.04 repositories — why? - -Simply put it came too late in the development cycle to give enough time to thoroughly vet, test and ensure it was up to the standards an LTS release commands, and its users expect. Defaulting to the older 3.10 release makes sense as it benefits from having an extra cycle of thorough testing under its belt. - -It’s for this reason that **upgrading to GNOME 3.12 is not recommended**. - -Understood? Great, let’s move on to the fun stuff. - -### How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04 ### - -#### Make sure you’re running 3.10 #### - -![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/gr.jpg) - -To follow this guide correctly you need to be running the latest release of Ubuntu (14.04 LTS) or Ubuntu GNOME. If not, stop now; you must upgrade before you continue. If you don’t you can expect a whole world of hassle to follow. - -If you’re running the regular version of Ubuntu (i.e., the one with Unity) then you should go ahead and grab GNOME 3.10 from the Ubuntu Software Centre before proceeding. - -Click the button below to prompt installation. - -- [Install GNOME 3.10 in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS][1] - -#### Add the GNOME 3.12 PPA #### - -It was originally expected that GNOME 3.12 would be made available through the standard GNOME Team PPA following the release of Trusty. Three weeks hence, that hasn’t happened. As of writing it contains a handful of minor 3.10 packages and not anything related to the newest release. - -However, the [GNOME Team Staging PPA][2] does contain all of the various 3.12 packages one needs to upgrade. Adding this archive should, the developers behind it say, result in a desktop that ‘runs smoothly’ but that packages included within have not been deemed ‘ready for general use’. - -Providing you’re a dab hand with the PPA Purge tool you should be okay to continue. First, let’s check for and install any outstanding distribution updates: - - sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade - -Install any packages waiting by hitting the enter key. - -Once complete, or if you have no pending updates at all, you can add the GNOME 3 Team Staging PPA. To do this, open a new Terminal window and enter the following commands: - - sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3-staging - - sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade - -You’ll be prompted to enter your password before the upgrade process can begin. Pay attention to any notices or alerts given. If all is acceptable agree to the installation by hitting the ‘y’ key. - -#### Extras #### - -For a true GNOME experience you may wish to grab some of the new GNOME applications, such as the [Polari IRC client, GNOME Maps and the GNOME Web browser][3]. To install these three in particular run the following command: - - sudo apt-get install epiphany-browser gnome-maps polari -y - -After everything has finished doing what it needs to, you’re safe to reboot! - - sudo apt-get install epiphany-browser gnome-maps polari -y - -After everything has finished doing what it needs to, you’re safe to reboot! - -### After Care ### - -#### Logging In #### - -If you’re coming from Unity, Xfce or another desktop environment don’t forget to select the GNOME session from the login screen before logging in. - -#### Drawbacks #### - -![GNOME Weather & GNOME Maps in 3.12](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/gnome-aspps.jpg) - -For me, in my lone experience, GNOME 3.12 on Ubuntu 14.04 runs pretty much fine. There do not appear to be any significant performance regressions after upgrading, though I do see the odd, infrequent visual glitch that occurs when opening the activities overlay, and the occasional disappearing drop shadow from under an app. But as bugs go these are hardly deal breakers. - -Performance seems to be on par with GNOME 3.10; applications open with just as much pep and there are no noticeable drops in interactivity. - -I was marginally disappointed to find that the all new GNOME Videos application has not been packaged up in this PPA. One suspects there are reasons for this (likely requiring a newer version of streamer). I also noticed that several GNOME extensions refused to work after upgrading, something else to bear in mind. - -With the lack of testing this has received, bugs are pretty much guaranteed. If you want stability (or to keep Unity working and intact) stick with the thoroughly tested GNOME 3.10. - -### Downgrade from GNOME 3.12 to 3.10 ### - -But if you want shiny new features and access to the latest builds of GNOME apps then don’t be afraid to give the staging PPA a whirl. You can always ‘downgrade’ using PPA Purge if things go awry. - - sudo apt-get install ppa-purge - - sudo ppa-purge ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3-staging - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/upgrade-gnome-3-12-ubuntu-14-04 - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:apt:gnome-shell -[2]:https://launchpad.net/~gnome3-team/+archive/gnome3-staging?field.series_filter=trusty -[3]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/03/top-12-features-gnome-3-12 From 5655f6c7e2ec69b643cc94e8b62d6f0d9ab1000c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: icybreaker Date: Tue, 20 May 2014 04:53:41 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 143/601] translated by icybreaker --- ...o Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md | 101 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 101 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/tech/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md diff --git a/translated/tech/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md b/translated/tech/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b384e4f5f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +Ubuntu 14.04下升级GNOME至3.12 +================================================================================ +![读者可以直接升级GNOME至3.12-但并不建议这么做](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Screen-Shot-2014-03-26-at-21.53.58-350x200.png) + +**如果您的系统最近已升级至Ubuntu GNOME 14.04 LTS版本，那么拥有稳定独立的GNOME Shell无疑是您最佳的选择** + +但我认为你们中的保守用户宁愿倾向于选择默认向新手提供的稳定版本。你真想要了解如何在Ubuntu14.04升级GNOME至3.12吗？ + +### 好的，接下来我将向你介绍如何完成。首先，我们需要先探查一下来龙去脉 ### + +GNOME 3.12在3月底发布后引发了一阵轰动而天马行空的评论。尽管上个月发布的版本在Ubuntu 14.04 LTS版本之前已经逐步趋于稳定，却仍不能从14.04包中直接安装，这是为什么呢? + +简单来说在开发周期中它出现太晚以至于没有充足的时间来对它进行审查，测试并确保它已经更新至LTS命令发布支持的标准及用户期望。默认至旧版发布的3.10是有意义的，因为有专门的周期来确保测试遍历。 + +所以，正因为这样**不建议升级GNOME至3.12**。 + +这样清楚了吗？接下来，让我们进入下一个阶段。 + +### 如何在Ubuntu 14.04升级GNOME至3.12### + +### 确保你正在运行的GNOME版本是3.10 ### + +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/gr.jpg) + +为确保正确遵循本向导，需要在最新版本的Ubuntu(14.04 LTS)或Ubuntu GNOME下继续操作.如果不是最新版本的话，请停止操作；你需要升级后再继续。如果不这样做，接下来将会有一系列复杂又麻烦的事情需要解决。 + +若你运行的是Ubuntu常规版本（例如统一版），那么需要在开始以下步骤前从Ubuntu软件中心获取GNOME 3.10。 + +按以下给出的链接选项准备好安装程序。 + +- [Ubuntu14.04LTS版本下安装GNOME3.10] + +#### 增加GNOME 3.12 PPA #### + +起初人们预想的是GNOME 3.12将会通过标准GNOME PPA团队，遵循可信版本发布实施。但3个星期过去了，这并未发生。这是因为向系统写入它时包含少量小的3.10包，并且这跟最新发布的版本没有任何关联。 + +然而，[GNOME团队PPA工作台][2]确实涵盖了升级用到的各种3.12版本包。开发者强调说，增加存档需要‘运行流畅’的桌面，但现在包含的包并未‘准备好为大众所使用’。 + +这儿假设您是一个PPA清理工具的行家，以上的一切都已明了，请继续向下。首先，让我们核对并安装已发布的更新： + + sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade + +点击enter键后等待安装包程序。 + +一旦完成此过程或再没有任何挂起的更新，就可以增加GNOME 3团队PPA工作台了。为实现这项操作，打开新的命令行窗口输入以下命令： + + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3-staging + + sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade + +升级过程开始前需要输入密码，同时需要注意此过程中命令行提示的信息。如果一切顺利点击‘y’键确认安装。 + +#### 附加内容 #### + +为体验真实的GNOME环境也许你想获取一些新的GNOME应用，例如[偏振光IRC客户端、GNOME地图和GNOME网页浏览器][3]。安装这三个应用需要运行如下的命令： + + sudo apt-get install epiphany-browser gnome-maps polari -y + +After everything has finished doing what it needs to, you’re safe to reboot! + + sudo apt-get install epiphany-browser gnome-maps polari -y + +After everything has finished doing what it needs to, you’re safe to reboot! + +### 善后服务 ### + +#### 登陆 #### + +如果来自Unity,Xfce或别的桌面环境不要忘记登陆前从登陆页面选择GNOME会话窗口。 + +#### 回顾 #### + +![GNOME Weather & GNOME Maps in 3.12 3.12版GNOME天气&GNOME地图](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/gnome-aspps.jpg) + +对我自己来说，Ubuntu 14.04下运行GNOME 3.12很流畅。升级后没有出现任何诸如性能下降的问题，尽管我确实见到过在打开活动窗口时的奇怪罕见的视觉故障，并且在一个应用下发生的间歇性阴影消失现象。但随着错误不断消除这些都不是大问题。 + +3.12版本的性能等同于GNOME3.10；应用的打开方式交互性强且体验并没有明显下降。 + +所有新的GNOME影音应用在PPA上并没有现成的包，这让人有点失望。当然有理由解释这点(很可能需要更新版本的流转化器)。此外仍要注意的是一些GNOME扩展包升级后不能继续工作。 + +当然3.12因为测试不足，其中存在错误不可避免。若用户要求稳定性（或者希望保持系统工作时的高度统一和完整），可以继续支持已通过测试的GNOME 3.10版本。 + +### 从GNOME 3.12 降至3.10版本 ### + +但是如果想要体验闪闪亮的新功能及最新发布的GNOME应用，那就试一试PPA平台吧。如果遇到了错误可以随时使用PPA降级至稳定版本。 + + sudo apt-get install ppa-purge + + sudo ppa-purge ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3-staging + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/upgrade-gnome-3-12-ubuntu-14-04 + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/icybreaker) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:apt:gnome-shell +[2]:https://launchpad.net/~gnome3-team/+archive/gnome3-staging?field.series_filter=trusty +[3]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/03/top-12-features-gnome-3-12 From c404dc24d466812cc95bf6cbbbc114e0c3d77e5d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: linuhap Date: Tue, 20 May 2014 08:09:13 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 144/601] Delete The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md --- ... StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md | 31 ------------------- 1 file changed, 31 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md diff --git a/sources/news/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md b/sources/news/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md deleted file mode 100644 index f4aa8d2e45..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ -linuhap translating -The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great -================================================================================ -![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/The-new-Open-Source-StuntRally-2-3-Racing-Game-Looks-Great-441726-2.jpg) - -StuntRally, a free racing game that features over 150 tracks and lots of cars, has just reached version 2.3 and it's sporting a new look. - -The game is built with the help of several technologies, such as Vdrift, bullet, OGRE, PagedGeometry, and MyGUI, just to name a few, but this is more than just a simple project. StuntRally is probably the most ambitious open source arcade racing game on the Linux platform and it shows from the number of features. - -Players have access to 153 tracks with a total of 24 levels, spanning over 4 hours of gameplay. StuntRally features ghost drive (chase your best time car on track), track's ghost (best drive for track, a green ghost car ES on all tracks), and replays (save your drive and watch it from other cameras later). There are also tutorials, championships, challenges, split screen, and multiplayer. And these features are just scratching the surface. - -The graphics for the StuntRally are also quite decent, if we keep in mind that this is a free game, done by people in their free time. Players will find eight graphics presets, terrain parallax, triplanar mapping, car and water reflections, water refraction, bloom, motion blur, SSAO, depth of field, god rays, and HDR. Some of these latest features will require a newer video card. - -To top it all off, the developers also implemented a Track Editor that should allow users to edit road points and their parameters in real time, to change all of the track parameters, to tweak the terrain generator, and even to modify elements of the cars while driving. - -According to the changelog, all the tracks have been renewed, all the textures for the terrain have been upgraded to 1K, blendmap noise with many parameters has been implemented, emissive light has been added on a few tracks, the grass density is now RenderToTexture, parallax has been disabled for now, dynamic camera bouncing has been added, and fuel now depends on the track length. - -Also, users can now pick the window for terrain textures, grasses, and vegetation models, the terrain editing is now a lot faster, the layer buttons have been swapped, the start position for the Track Editor has been changed, the button on Layers, Grasses, and Vegetation have been updated, a surface tab for terrain and road surface parameters has been added, and much more. - -More details about this new release of StuntRally can be found in the [announcement][1]. You can download StuntRally 2.3 right now from the official [website][2]. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/The-new-Open-Source-StuntRally-2-3-Racing-Game-Looks-Great-441726.shtml - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:https://code.google.com/p/vdrift-ogre/wiki/VersionHistory -[2]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/stuntrally/files/ From 9e1c92a5a90c5e9fe57ef7a8e71bb4740d9862e3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: linuhap Date: Tue, 20 May 2014 08:21:56 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 145/601] translating --- .../Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md b/sources/news/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md index 685746a0ec..a7381a4494 100644 --- a/sources/news/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md +++ b/sources/news/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +linuhap 翻译中。。。 Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-Is-Now-Running-on-World-s-Fastest-Supercomputer-442733-2.jpg) @@ -20,4 +21,4 @@ via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-Is-Now-Running-on-World-s-Fastest-Sup 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 -[1]:https://insights.ubuntu.com/2014/05/14/nudt-and-canonical-bring-openstack-to-worlds-fastest-supercomputer/ \ No newline at end of file +[1]:https://insights.ubuntu.com/2014/05/14/nudt-and-canonical-bring-openstack-to-worlds-fastest-supercomputer/ From 5354a6ccdc1513e7a029c341ee91d743c39cb535 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: GOLinux Date: Tue, 20 May 2014 10:16:13 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 146/601] Translated:How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md --- ...et up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md | 354 ------------------ ...et up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md | 335 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 335 insertions(+), 354 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md diff --git a/sources/tech/How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md b/sources/tech/How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4b4b15a2d7..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,354 +0,0 @@ -Translating by GOLinux ... - -How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS -================================================================================ -Any operational domain has at least two DNS servers, one being called a primary name server (ns1), and the other a secondary name server (ns2). These servers are typically operated for DNS failover: If one server goes down, the other server becomes an active DNS server. More sophisticated failover mechanisms involving load balancers, firewalls and clusters are also possible. - -All DNS entries for a particular domain are added in the primary name server. The secondary server will simply sync all the information from the primary name server based on counter type parameter set on the primary server. - -This tutorial will describe **how to create a primary DNS server running on CentOS**. Please note that the DNS server presented in this tutorial will be public DNS, meaning that the server will respond to queries from any IP address. Limiting access to the server is discussed in [this tutorial][]. - -Before we start, I would like to mention that DNS can be set up with or without chroot jail environment. The chroot jail environment confines the DNS server to a certain directory in the system, as opposed to allow the server system-wide access. That way, any vulnerability of the DNS server would not compromise the entire system. Chrooting a DNS server is also useful for a test deployment. - -### Objective ### - -We will be setting up a DNS server in a test environment for the domain example.tst, which is a hypothetical (non-existing) domain. That way, we will not accidentally interfere with any other live domain. - -In this domain, there are the following three servers. - -注：表格代码，只需要翻译尖括号中间的文字即可 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ServerIP addressHosted servicesFQDN
Server A172.16.1.1Mailmail.example.tst
Server B172.16.1.2Web, FTPwww.example.tst
ftp.example.tst
Server C172.16.1.3Primary DNS serverns1.example.tst
- -We will be setting up a primary DNS server, and add necessary domain and DNS records as shown in the table. - -### Setting up hostnames ### - -All the hostnames should be defined as FQDN correctly. This can be done using the following method. - - # vim /etc/sysconfig/network - -> HOSTNAME=ns1.example.tst - -Note: The hostname parameter specified in this file is used while the server is booting up. Therefore, the change does not take effect immediately. The following command can be used to temporarily change the hostname of a server immediately. - - # hostname ns1.example.tst - -Once set, hostname can be verified using the following command. - - # hostname - -> ns1.example.tst - -Before proceeding to the next step, make sure that the hostname of all three servers are set properly. - -### Installing Packages ### - -We will be using bind for DNS, which can be easily installed using yum. - -To set up DNS without `chroot`: - - # yum install bind bind-chroot - -### Preparing a Configuration File ### - -As mentioned earlier, bind can be set up with or without chroot. The paths vary a little depending on whether chroot has been installed. - -注：表格代码，只需要翻译尖括号中间的文字即可 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Path to configuration filePath to zone files
-With chroot - -/etc/ - -/var/named/ -
-Without chroot - -/var/named/chroot/etc/ - -/var/named/chroot/var/named/ -
- -The configuration file named.conf provided by default can be used. However, we will be using another sample configuration file for ease of use. - -Without `chroot`: - - # cp /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/sample/etc/named.rfc1912.zones /etc/named.conf - -With `chroot`: - - # cp /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/sample/etc/named.rfc1912.zones /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf - -Now, the configuration file is backed up and modified. - -Without `chroot`: - - # vim /etc/named.conf - -With `chroot`: - - # vim /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf - -The following lines are added/modified. - - options { - ## path to zone files ## - directory "/var/named"; - - ## forwarding the query to Google public DNS server for non-local domains ## - forwarders { 8.8.8.8; }; - }; - - ## declaration of the forward zone for example.tst ## - zone "example.tst" IN { - type master; - file "example-fz"; ## filename for the forward zone stored in /var/named ## - allow-update { none; }; - }; - - ## declaration of reverse zone for network 172.16.1.0 ## - zone "1.16.172.in-addr.arpa" IN { - type master; - file "rz-172-16-1"; ## filename for the reverse zone stored in /var/named ## - allow-update { none; }; - }; - -### Preparing Zone Files ### - -The default zone files are automatically created under `/var/named or /var/named/chroot/var/named` (for `chroot`). If they are not available there, sample files are provided in `/usr/share/doc/bind` folder, and can be copied from there. - -Assuming that the default zone files are not present, we can copy the sample files from `/usr`. - -Without `chroot`: - - # cp /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/sample/var/named/named.* /var/named/ - -With `chroot`: - - # cp /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/sample/var/named/named.* /var/named/chroot/var/named - -Great. Now that the default zone files are ready, we create our own zone file for example.tst and network 172.16.1.0. While we create the zone files, the following should be kept in mind. - -- The characted ‘@’ means NULL within the zone files. -- Every FQDN is to end with a dot ‘.’ i.e. mail.example.tst. Without it, you’ll be in trouble. - -#### 1. Forward Zone #### - -The forward zone contains mapping from names to IP addresses. For public domains, the DNS of the domain hosting provider stores the forward zone file. - -Without `chroot`: - - # vim /var/named/example-fz - -With `chroot`: - - # vim /var/named/chroot/var/named/example-fz - ----------- - - $TTL 1D - @ IN SOA ns1.example.tst. sarmed.example.tst. ( - 0 ; serial - 1D ; refresh - 1H ; retry - 1W ; expire - 3H ) ; minimum - IN NS ns1.example.tst. - IN A 172.16.1.3 - mail IN A 172.16.1.1 - IN MX 10 mail.example.tst. - www IN A 172.16.1.2 - ns1 IN A 172.16.1.3 - ftp IN CNAME www.example.tst. - -**Explanation**: Within the zone file, SOA means start of authority. This is the FQDN of the authoritative name server. The FQDN is followed by the contact email address. Since we cannot use ‘@’ in sarmed@example.tst, we rewrite the email address as sarmed.example.tst. - -- **NS**: Name Server -- **A**: A record or the address record is an IP address -- **MX**: Mail Exchanger record. Here we are using only one MX with priority of 10. In case of multiple MX, we can use multiple numeric priorities. The lowest number wins. For example, MX 0 is better than MX 1. -- **CNAME**: Canonical Name. If multiple services are hosted in a single server, it is very likely that multiple names would be resolved to that single server as well. CNAME indicates the other names a server may have and points to the name that actually has an A record. - -#### 2. Reverse Zone #### - -The reverse zone contains mapping from IP address to names. Here, we create the reverse zone for the network 172.16.1.0. In production domains, the DNS server of the owner of the public IP block stores the reverse zone file. - -Without `chroot`: - - # vim /var/named/rz-172-16-1 - -With `chroot` - - # vim /var/named/chroot/var/named/rz-172-16-1 - ----------- - - $TTL 1D - @ IN SOA ns1.example.tst. sarmed.example.tst. ( - 0 ; serial - 1D ; refresh - 1H ; retry - 1W ; expire - 3H ) ; minimum - IN NS ns1.example.tst. - 1 IN PTR mail.example.tst. - 2 IN PTR www.example.tst. - 3 IN PTR ns1.example.tst. - -**Explanation**: Most parameters used in the reverse zone file are identical to the forward zone, except the following. - -- PTR: PTR or pointer record points to a FQDN` - -### Finalizing ### - -Now that the zone files are ready, we adjust the permission of the zone files. - -Without `chroot`: - - # chgrp named /var/named/* - -With `chroot`: - - # chgrp named /var/named/chroot/var/named/* - -Now we set the IP address of the DNS server. - - # vim /etc/resolv.conf - ----------- - - nameserver 172.16.1.3 - -Finally, we can start the DNS service and make sure it is added to startup. - - # service named restart - # chkconfig named on - -While the DNS is firing up, it is advisable to keep an eye on the log file /var/log/messages as it contains useful information about what is going on behind the scenes. If there is no error, we can start testing the DNS server. - -### Testing DNS ### - -We can use dig or nslookup for testing DNS. First, we set up necessary package(s). - - # yum install bind-utils - -#### 1. Testing Forward Zone using dig #### - -When you are using dig for testing, you should always look for the status: "NOERROR". Any other value means that there is something wrong. - - # dig example.tst - ----------- - - ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 31184 - - ;; QUESTION SECTION: - ;example.com. IN A - - ;; ANSWER SECTION: - example.com. 86400 IN A 172.16.1.3 - - ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: - example.com. 86400 IN NS ns1.example.com. - - ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: - ns1.example.com. 86400 IN A 172.16.1.3 - -#### 2. Testing PTR using dig #### - -When using dig for testing, you should always look for the status: "NOERROR". Any other value means that there is something wrong. - - # dig -x 172.16.1.1 - ----------- - - ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 27415 - - ;; QUESTION SECTION: - ;1.1.17.172.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR - - ;; ANSWER SECTION: - 1.1.16.172.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN PTR mail.example.tst. - - ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: - 1.16.172.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN NS ns1.example.tst. - - ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: - ns1.example.tst. 86400 IN A 172.16.1.3 - -#### 3. Testing MX using dig #### - - # dig example.tst mx - ----------- - - ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 35405 - - ;; QUESTION SECTION: - ;example.tst. IN MX - - ;; ANSWER SECTION: - example.tst. 14366 IN MX 10 mail.example.tst. - -### Troubleshooting Tips ### - -1. I have SELinux turned off. -1. Make sure that your firewall is not blocking UDP port 53 -1. /var/log/messages should contain useful information in case anything goes wrong -1. Make sure that the zone files are owned by user ‘named’ -1. Make sure that the IP address of the DNS server is the first entry in /etc/resolv.conf -1. If you are using example.tst in a lab environment, make sure to disconnect the server from the Intenet since example.tst is a non-existent domain. - -To sum up, this tutorial focuses on hosting a domain example.tst in a lab environment for demonstration purposes. Please note that this tutorial creates a public DNS server, i.e., a DNS server that will respond to queries from any source IP address. If you are configuring a production DNS server, make sure to check what the policies regarding public DNS are. Other tutorials cover [pcreating a secondary DNS][2], [limiting access to a DNS server][3], and implementing DNSSEC. - -Hope this helps. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/primary-dns-server-using-centos.html - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/close-open-dns-resolver.html -[2]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/secondary-dns-server-centos.html -[3]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/close-open-dns-resolver.html diff --git a/translated/tech/How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md b/translated/tech/How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ac02694068 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md @@ -0,0 +1,335 @@ +Translated by GOLinux! + +CentOS上配置主DNS服务器 +================================================================================ +任何运作中的域名至少有两台DNS服务器，一台称为主域名服务器（ns1），而另一台称为从域名服务器（ns2）。这些服务器通常用于故障转移：如果一台宕机，另外一台就激活成为DNS服务器。包括负载均衡、防火墙和集群在内的更为复杂的故障转移机制也可实现。 + +用于特定域的所有DNS条目被添加到主域名服务器，从服务器只会根据主服务器上的计数器类型参数从主服务器同步所有信息。 + +此教程将会讲述**如何创建一台在CentOS上运行的主DNS服务器**。请注意，本教程中提到的DNS服务器将会是一台公共DNS服务器，这也就是说该服务器将会回应来自任何IP地址的查询。对于服务器的访问控制将在[此教程][]中讨论。 + +在开始之前，我想要提一下的是，DNS可以在chroot监牢环境中配置，也可以在非chroot监牢环境中配置。chroot监牢环境将DNS服务器限制在系统中某个特定目录中，以避免让服务器具有系统范围的访问权限。在此环境中，任何DNS服务器的漏洞不会造成整个系统的破坏。将DNS服务器置于chroot环境中，对于测试部署也很有用。 +### 目标 ### +我们将在基于域名example.tst的测试环境中配置一台DNS服务器，这个域名是假定的（非真实存在的）。这样，我们就不会意外干扰到其它存活的域名。 + +在该域中，有以下三台服务器。 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
服务器IP地址托管的服务完全合格域名
Server A172.16.1.1Mailmail.example.tst
Server B172.16.1.2Web, FTPwww.example.tst
ftp.example.tst
Server C172.16.1.3Primary DNS serverns1.example.tst
+ +我们将会配置一台主域名服务器，并添加上表中必要的域和DNS记录。 +### 设置主机名 ### +所有的主机名必须以完全合格域名的方式正确定义，可以通过以下方法完成设置。 + + # vim /etc/sysconfig/network + +> HOSTNAME=ns1.example.tst + +注：该文件中指定的主机名参数在服务器启动后才会启用，因此，该设置不会马上生效。下面的命令可以立刻临时性地修改主机名。 + + # hostname ns1.example.tst + +一旦设置，主机名可以通过以下命令验证。 + + # hostname + +> ns1.example.tst + +在进入下一步之前，请确保三台服务器上的主机名已经设置正确。 + +### 安装软件包 ### +我们将使用bind来配置DNS服务，该软件可以很方便地通过yum来安装。 + +安装DNS所需软件包： + + # yum install bind bind-chroot + +### 准备配置文件 ### +正如前面提到的，bind可以在chroot环境下配置，或者在非chroot环境下配置，配置文件的路径会因为是否安装chroot包而不同。 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
配置文件路径区域文件路径
+不带有 chroot + +/etc/ + +/var/named/ +
+带有 chroot + +/var/named/chroot/etc/ + +/var/named/chroot/var/named/ +
+ +可以使用默认提供的named.conf配置文件，但是为了更方便使用，我们将使用另外一个配置文件模板。 + +非`chroot`环境： + + # cp /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/sample/etc/named.rfc1912.zones /etc/named.conf + +`chroot`环境： + + # cp /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/sample/etc/named.rfc1912.zones /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf + +现在来备份并修改配置文件。 + +非`chroot`环境： + + # vim /etc/named.conf + +`chroot`环境： + + # vim /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf + +添加/修改以下行： + + options { + ## path to zone files ## + directory "/var/named"; + + ## forwarding the query to Google public DNS server for non-local domains ## + forwarders { 8.8.8.8; }; + }; + + ## declaration of the forward zone for example.tst ## + zone "example.tst" IN { + type master; + file "example-fz"; ## filename for the forward zone stored in /var/named ## + allow-update { none; }; + }; + + ## declaration of reverse zone for network 172.16.1.0 ## + zone "1.16.172.in-addr.arpa" IN { + type master; + file "rz-172-16-1"; ## filename for the reverse zone stored in /var/named ## + allow-update { none; }; + }; + +### 准备区域文件 ### +默认的区域文件会自动创建到`/var/named` 或者`/var/named/chroot/var/named` (`chroot`环境)。如果在这些地方找不到这些文件，`/usr/share/doc/bind`目录中提供了模板文件，可以从这里拷贝。 + +假设默认区域文件没有提供，我们可以从`/usr`拷贝模板文件。 + +非`chroot`环境： + + # cp /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/sample/var/named/named.* /var/named/ + +`chroot`环境： + + # cp /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/sample/var/named/named.* /var/named/chroot/var/named + +太棒了！由于现在默认的区域文件已经准备好，我们可以为example.tst和172.16.1.0网络创建区域文件了，以下要点必须时刻谨记。 + +- 区域文件中的特殊字符‘@’意味着空。 +- 所有的完全合格域名必须以点‘.’结束。如：example.tst.如果没有这个点，你会发生问题。 +#### 1. 转发区域 #### +转发区域包含了名称到IP地址的映射。对于公共域，域名托管提供商的DNS存储了转发区域文件。 + +非`chroot`环境： + + # vim /var/named/example-fz + +`chroot`环境： + + # vim /var/named/chroot/var/named/example-fz + +---------- + + $TTL 1D + @ IN SOA ns1.example.tst. sarmed.example.tst. ( + 0 ; serial + 1D ; refresh + 1H ; retry + 1W ; expire + 3H ) ; minimum + IN NS ns1.example.tst. + IN A 172.16.1.3 + mail IN A 172.16.1.1 + IN MX 10 mail.example.tst. + www IN A 172.16.1.2 + ns1 IN A 172.16.1.3 + ftp IN CNAME www.example.tst. + +**说明**：在区域文件中，SOA是开始授权的意思。此处是授权名称服务器的完全合格域名。完全合格域名后面跟着的是电子邮件地址。由于不能在sarmed@example.tst这样的格式中使用‘@’符号，我们将电子邮件地址重写成sarmed.example.tst.这样的格式。 + +- **NS**：名称服务器 +- **A**: 记录或者地址记录，记录IP地址 +- **MX**: 邮件交换记录。这里我们只使用一个邮件交换记录，设置其优先级为10。如果有多个邮件交换记录，我们可以使用多个数值优先级，数字小的优先级最高。例如，MX 0比MX 1优先级更高。 +- **CNAME**: 标准名。如果在一台单一服务器上托管了多个服务，也很可能将多个名称解析到此台单一服务器。CNAME指定了一台服务器可能有的其它名称，并且将它们指向具有实际A记录的名称。 +#### 2. 反向区域 #### +反向区域包含了IP地址到名称的映射。这里，我们为172.16.1.0网络创建反向区域。在生产域中，公共IP区块的拥有者拥有的DNS服务器存储反向区域文件。 + +非`chroot`环境： + + # vim /var/named/rz-172-16-1 + +`chroot`环境： + + # vim /var/named/chroot/var/named/rz-172-16-1 + +---------- + + $TTL 1D + @ IN SOA ns1.example.tst. sarmed.example.tst. ( + 0 ; serial + 1D ; refresh + 1H ; retry + 1W ; expire + 3H ) ; minimum + IN NS ns1.example.tst. + 1 IN PTR mail.example.tst. + 2 IN PTR www.example.tst. + 3 IN PTR ns1.example.tst. + +**说明**:除了下面的参数外，反向区域文件中的大多数参数和转发区域文件中的相同。 + +- PTR: PTR或者指针记录指向完全合格域名 + +### 结束工作 ### +既然区域文件已经准备好，我们接下来调整它们的权限。 + +非`chroot`环境： + + # chgrp named /var/named/* + +`chroot`环境： + + # chgrp named /var/named/chroot/var/named/* + +现在，我们为DNS服务器设置IP地址。 + + # vim /etc/resolv.conf + +---------- + + nameserver 172.16.1.3 + +最后，我们可以启动DNS服务，并确保将它添加到启动服务中。 + + # service named restart + # chkconfig named on + +DNS服务器开动后，建议关注一下日志文件/var/log/messages，这里头包含了后台运行的一些有用信息。如果没有发现错误，我们可以开始测试DNS服务器。 +### 测试DNS ### +我们可以使用dig或者nslookup来测试DNS。首先，我们需要安装必要的软件包。 + + # yum install bind-utils + +#### 1. 使用dig测试转发区域 #### +使用dig来测试时，必须时刻关注状态信息：“NOERROR”，任何其它值都表明存在问题。 + + # dig example.tst + +---------- + + ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 31184 + + ;; QUESTION SECTION: + ;example.com. IN A + + ;; ANSWER SECTION: + example.com. 86400 IN A 172.16.1.3 + + ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: + example.com. 86400 IN NS ns1.example.com. + + ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: + ns1.example.com. 86400 IN A 172.16.1.3 + +#### 2. 使用dig测试PTR记录 #### +使用dig来测试时，必须时刻关注状态信息：“NOERROR”，任何其它值都表明存在问题。 + + # dig -x 172.16.1.1 + +---------- + + ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 27415 + + ;; QUESTION SECTION: + ;1.1.17.172.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR + + ;; ANSWER SECTION: + 1.1.16.172.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN PTR mail.example.tst. + + ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: + 1.16.172.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN NS ns1.example.tst. + + ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: + ns1.example.tst. 86400 IN A 172.16.1.3 + +#### 3. 使用dig测试MX记录 #### + + # dig example.tst mx + +---------- + + ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 35405 + + ;; QUESTION SECTION: + ;example.tst. IN MX + + ;; ANSWER SECTION: + example.tst. 14366 IN MX 10 mail.example.tst. + +### 排障提示 ### +1. 我已经把SELinux关闭。 +1. 保证防火墙没有阻挡UDP 53端口 +1. 万一出错，可在/var/log/messages中查看到有用的信息 +1. 确保区域文件的拥有者为‘named’ +1. 确保DNS服务器的IP地址是/etc/resolv.conf中的第一条目 +1. 如果你使用example.tst作为实验环境，确保将服务器从互联网断开，因为example.tst是一个不存在的域。 + +最后小结，该教程关注的是实验环境中配置example.tst域用作为演示。请注意，该教程中创建了一台公共DNS服务器，此服务器会回应来自任何源IP地址的查询。如果你是在配置DNS生产服务器，请确保检查与公共DNS相关的策略。其它教程涵盖了[创建从DNS服务器][2], [限制对DNS服务器的访问][3]以及部署DNSSEC。 + +希望此教程对您有所帮助。 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/primary-dns-server-using-centos.html + +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/close-open-dns-resolver.html +[2]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/secondary-dns-server-centos.html +[3]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/close-open-dns-resolver.html From 3173a4475f36b1062e4d823ee079d477050c5bb3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Tue, 20 May 2014 10:23:38 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 147/601] Update How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md --- ... set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md b/sources/tech/How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md index af8b7a71be..270badd878 100644 --- a/sources/tech/How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md +++ b/sources/tech/How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +Translating by GOLinux ... + How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux ================================================================================ Sometimes we, as a normal user or a system admin, need to know how well our system is running. Many questions related to system status can be answered by checking log files generated by active services. However, inspecting every bit of log files is not easy even for seasoned system admins. That is why they rely on monitoring software which is capable of gathering information from different sources, and reporting analysis result in easy to understand formats, such as graphs, visualization, statistics, etc. @@ -182,4 +184,4 @@ via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/web-based-lightweight-system-monitor-linux.html [12]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14195746084/ [13]:http://xmodulo.com/go/raspberrypi [14]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14009143189/ -[15]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14192525721/ \ No newline at end of file +[15]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14192525721/ From 2288ccc202947908730f0b7e0128c40884aa114a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: disylee Date: Tue, 20 May 2014 11:09:49 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 148/601] How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit disylee来占坑2014-5-20 --- .../How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux.md b/sources/tech/How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux.md index 465d4fc90d..d5f785841b 100644 --- a/sources/tech/How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux.md +++ b/sources/tech/How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ - +disylee来占坑2014-5-20 How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux ================================================================================ Do you never miss a new strip from xkcd? Read webcomics regularly? Or would you like to back up all the strips of your favorite website? Hopefully, the open source community has the solution: a command line program to download all your favorite webcomics from your terminal. From fa774e31b8e6f2282fe38910f650867c63e312d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: linuhap Date: Tue, 20 May 2014 12:27:05 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 149/601] translated --- ...unning on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md | 24 ------------------- ...unning on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md | 23 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md create mode 100644 translated/news/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md diff --git a/sources/news/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md b/sources/news/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md deleted file mode 100644 index a7381a4494..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,24 +0,0 @@ -linuhap 翻译中。。。 -Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer -================================================================================ -![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-Is-Now-Running-on-World-s-Fastest-Supercomputer-442733-2.jpg) - -**Canonical is building the most used Linux distribution for the desktop, but it’s also making one of the most successful operating systems for servers. The fact that Ubuntu Server, Ubuntu Openstack and Ubuntu’s orchestration tool, Juju, is running the most powerful supercomputer in the world.** - -Right now, the most powerful supercomputer in the world is called Tienhe2 and it’s in the Guangdong province in China. According to its makers, the servers use Intel Xeon processors, Intel Xeon Phi co-processors and a 160Gb per second interconnect for super-fast data transfer between nodes. It hold the record since 2013. - -“Ubuntu OpenStack is running on 256 high performance nodes and this will grow to over 6400 nodes in the coming months. The nodes will be available to Government departments in Guangdong province as well as other NUDT partners for analysis, census, and eGovernment applications.” - -“Both OpenStack and Ubuntu’s orchestration tool, Juju, will run on Tianhe-2 to enable NUDT partners and affiliate to rapidly deploy and manage very high performance cloud environments” reads the official [announcement][1]. - -Canonical is making a push on the Chinese market and the company is already trying to cover as the desktop ecosystem with Ubuntu Kylin, which has arrived at a very opportune time, at the same time with Microsoft’s announcement regarding the end of life for Windows XP. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-Is-Now-Running-on-World-s-Fastest-Supercomputer-442733.shtml - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:https://insights.ubuntu.com/2014/05/14/nudt-and-canonical-bring-openstack-to-worlds-fastest-supercomputer/ diff --git a/translated/news/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md b/translated/news/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c6f4b953d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +Ubuntu现在运行在世界最快超级计算机上Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-Is-Now-Running-on-World-s-Fastest-Supercomputer-442733-2.jpg) + +**Canonical公司创建了最常用的Linux桌面发行版，它也成为最成功的服务器操作系统之一。事实上，Ubuntu Server, Ubuntu Openstack 和 Ubuntu的编制工具Juju,正在运行在世界上最强的超级计算机上。** + +现在，世界上最强大的计算机是天河二号，它在中国的广东省。根据它的制造者了解到，这个服务器使用Intel Xeon处理器、Intel Xeon Phi协同处理器，它有160Gb每秒的传输速度用于两个节点之间超高速传输。从2013年以来它一直保持着记录。 + +“Ubuntu OpenStack运行在256个高性能节点，而且在接下来的数月将会增长至超过6400个节点。这些节点将提供给广东政府部门和其他国防科技大学合作伙伴使用，用于分析、人口普查和电子政务应用程序。” + +“OpenStack和Ubuntu的编制工具Juju将运行在天河二号上，使国防科技大学的合作伙伴和联盟机构能够快速部署和管理高性能云环境”官方的[通告][1]中这样写。 + +Canonical公司正在推动中国市场而且公司已经试图用Ubuntu Kylin覆盖桌面生态系统，这是一个很好的时机，与此同时微软宣布Windows XP生命的终结。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-Is-Now-Running-on-World-s-Fastest-Supercomputer-442733.shtml + +译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://insights.ubuntu.com/2014/05/14/nudt-and-canonical-bring-openstack-to-worlds-fastest-supercomputer/ \ No newline at end of file From 1c844fb965eed398481326840fe4daa3bf404810 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: GOLinux Date: Tue, 20 May 2014 14:11:25 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 150/601] Translated:How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md --- ...sed lightweight system monitor on Linux.md | 185 ------------------ ...sed lightweight system monitor on Linux.md | 180 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 180 insertions(+), 185 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md diff --git a/sources/tech/How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md b/sources/tech/How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md deleted file mode 100644 index af8b7a71be..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,185 +0,0 @@ -How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux -================================================================================ -Sometimes we, as a normal user or a system admin, need to know how well our system is running. Many questions related to system status can be answered by checking log files generated by active services. However, inspecting every bit of log files is not easy even for seasoned system admins. That is why they rely on monitoring software which is capable of gathering information from different sources, and reporting analysis result in easy to understand formats, such as graphs, visualization, statistics, etc. - -There are many sophisticated monitoring system software such as [Cacti][1], [Nagios][2], Zabbix, Munin, etc. In this article, we pick a lightweight monitoring tool called Monitorix, which is designed to monitor system resources and many well-known third-party applications on Linux/BSD servers. Optimized to run on resource-limited embedded systems, Monitorix boasts of simplicity and small memory footprint. It comes with a built-in HTTP server for web-based interface, and stores time series statistics with RRDtool which is easy to combine with any scripting language such as Perl, Python, shell script, Ruby, etc. - -### Main Features ### - -Here is a list of Monitorix's main features. For a complete list, refer to the [official site][3]. - -- System load and system service demand -- CPU/GPU temperature sensors -- Disk temperature and health -- Network/port traffic and netstat statistics -- Mail statistics -- Web server statistics (Apache, Nginx, Lighttpd) -- MySQL load and statistics -- Squid proxy statistics -- NFS server/client statistics -- Raspberry Pi sensor statistics -- Memcached statistics - -### Install and Configure Monitorix on Fedora, CentOS or RHEL ### - -First, install required packages as follows. Note that on CentOS, you need to set up [EPEL][4] and [Repoforge][5] repositories first. - - $ sudo yum install rrdtool rrdtool-perl perl-libwww-perl perl-MailTools perl-MIME-Lite perl-CGI perl-DBI perl-XML-Simple perl-Config-General perl-HTTP-Server-Simple perl-IO-Socket-SSL - -After this, Monitorix can be installed with this command: - - $ sudo yum install monitorix - -To configure Monitorix, open the configuration file in /etc/monitorix/monitorix.conf, and change the options. The details on Monitorix configuration file can be found at [http://www.monitorix.org/documentation.html][6] - -By default, the built-in HTTP server listens on port 8080. Thus, make sure that your firewall does not block TCP port 8080. - -To start Monitorix, simply type the following. - - $ sudo service monitorix start - -Start your favorite web browser, and then go to http://:8080/monitorix to access Monitorix's web interface. - -### Install and Configure Monitorix on Archlinux ### - -On Archlinux, the Monitorix package can be downloaded from [AUR][7]. - -By default, the built-in HTTP server is disabled on Archlinux. To enable built-in HTTP server, edit section in /etc/monitorix.conf as follows. - - - enabled = y - host = - port = 8080 - user = nobody - group = nobody - log_file = /var/log/monitorix-httpd - hosts_deny = - hosts_allow = - - enabled = n - msg = Monitorix: Restricted access - htpasswd = /var/lib/monitorix/htpasswd - - - -Finally, start Monitorix service. - -Open your favorite web browser, and go to http://:8080/monitorix to access Monitorix. - -### Install and Configure Monitorix on Debian and Ubuntu ### - -For Debian family, Monitorix can be installed in two ways: manually or through a third party repository. - -#### Manual installation (for Debian) #### - -Install all dependent packages first. - - $ sudo apt-get install rrdtool perl libwww-perl libmailtools-perl libmime-lite-perl librrds-perl libdbi-perl libxml-simple-perl libhttp-server-simple-perl libconfig-general-perl libio-socket-ssl-perl - -Download Monitorix package from [http://www.monitorix.org/downloads.html][8], and install it. - - $ sudo dpkg -i monitorix*.deb - -During installation, you might be asked to configure a backend web server. If you using Apache, make sure to reload Apache configuration by restarting Apache service. - - $ sudo service apache2 reload - -#### nstallation through repositories (for Ubuntu) #### - -Enable Izzysoft repository by appending the following line in /etc/apt/source.list. - - deb http://apt.izzysoft.de/ubuntu generic universe - -Download and add a GPG key for the repository. - - $ wget http://apt.izzysoft.de/izzysoft.asc - $ sudo apt-key add izzysoft.asc - -Install Monitorix with apt-get. All its dependent packages will automatically be installed as well. - - $ sudo apt-get update - $ sudo apt-get install monitorix - -Finally, start Monitorix service. - - $ sudo service monitorix start - -To configure Monitorix, edit /etc/monitorix/monitorix.conf with a text editor, and restart Monitorix service. - - $ sudo service monitorix restart - -The built-in web server of Monitorix for Ubuntu is enabled by default. To access web-based monitoring result, go to http://8080/monitorix on your favorite web browser. - -### Install and Configure Monitorix on Raspberry Pi ### - -If you want to install Monitorix on Raspberry Pi (which is Debian-based), you cannot use the Izzysoft repository mentioned above because it does not provide an ARM port of Monitorix. Instead, follow Debian-based manual installation as follows. - -First, install required packages. - - $ sudo apt-get install rrdtool perl libwww-perl libmailtools-perl libmime-lite-perl librrds-perl libdbi-perl libxml-simple-perl libhttp-server-simple-perl libconfig-general-perl libio-socket-ssl-perl - -If some of the required packages are not be installed, we need to force install with this command. - - $ sudo apt-get -f install - -Download Monitorix package (monitorix_x.x.x-izzy1_all.deb) from [http://www.monitorix.org/downloads.html][9]. - -Install Monitorix package with the command below. - - $ sudo dpkg -i monitorix_x.x.x-izzy1_all.deb - -After installation is finished, we need to change a small thing in Monitorix configuration as follows. - -Open /etc/monitorix/monitorix.conf with your favorite text editor. Scroll down until you find . Search for "raspberrypi = n", and replace 'n' with 'y'. This will enable monitoring of Raspberry Pi clock frequency, temperatures and voltages. - -After editing is done, restart Monitorix service. - - $ sudo service monitorix restart - -By default, Monitorix's built-in HTTP web server is enabled. To access Monitorix's web interface, go to http://:8080/monitorix - -### Monitorix Screenshots (on Raspberry Pi) ### - -Monitorix home screen: - -[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5558/14215953893_69b546c473_z.jpg)][10] - -System load average and usage in graph option: - -[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5239/14009175290_6c5f9542b9_z.jpg)][11] - -Active process graph option: - -[![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2933/14195746084_1364bd1721_z.jpg)][12] - -Choose "Clock Frequency" under "Raspberry Pi" section in the home screen, and you will see clock frequency, temperature, and voltage graphs for [Raspberry Pi][13]. - -[![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7330/14009143189_aeeee6a0e3_z.jpg)][14] - -All monitoring graphs: - -[![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2908/14192525721_d002b4e621_k.jpg)][15] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/web-based-lightweight-system-monitor-linux.html - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/11/install-configure-cacti-linux.html -[2]:http://xmodulo.com/tag/nagios -[3]:http://www.monitorix.org/features.html -[4]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/03/how-to-set-up-epel-repository-on-centos.html -[5]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/01/how-to-set-up-rpmforge-repoforge-repository-on-centos.html -[6]:http://www.monitorix.org/documentation.html -[7]:http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=33911 -[8]:http://www.monitorix.org/downloads.html -[9]:http://www.monitorix.org/downloads.html -[10]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14215953893/ -[11]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14009175290/ -[12]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14195746084/ -[13]:http://xmodulo.com/go/raspberrypi -[14]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14009143189/ -[15]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14192525721/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/tech/How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md b/translated/tech/How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..505adae447 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,180 @@ +在Linux上配置基于web的轻量级系统监控 +================================================================================ +有时候，我们作为普通用户或者系统管理员，需要知道系统运行是否良好。与系统状态相关的许多问题，都可以通过检查活动服务生成的日志文件来获得答案。然而，即便对于历经数个春秋的系统管理员而言，要检查日志文件的每个细节都不是件容易的事。这也是为什么他们依赖于监控软件的原因，监控软件能够从不同的源收集信息，并以易于理解的格式给出分析报告，如图表、可视化图像、统计数据等。 + +市面上流传着许多复杂的系统监控软件，诸如[Cacti][1], [Nagios][2], Zabbix, Munin此类。在本文中，我们选取了一个轻量级的监控工具——Monitorix，该工具设计用于在Linux/BSD上监控系统资源和许多熟知的第三方应用程序。由于专为资源有限的嵌入式系统而优化，Monitorix以使用简单，消耗内存资源少而著称。它内建了一个HTTP服务器用于提供web界面，并使用PRDtool来存储时间序列统计数据，该PRDtoo可以很容易地和任何脚本语言整合，如Perl，Python，shell脚本，Ruby等。 +### 主要特性 ### +这里列出了Monitorix的主要特性。要查看完整列表，请参阅[官方网站][3] + +- 系统负载和系统服务需求 +- CPU/GPU温度传感器 +- 磁盘温度和健康 +- 网络/端口流量和网络状况统计 +- 邮件统计 +- Web服务器统计（Apache，Nginx，Light图片的） +- MySQL负载和统计 +- Squid代理统计 +- NFS服务器/客户端统计 +- Raspberry Pi传感器统计 +- Memcached统计 + +### 在Fedora, CentOS或者RHEL上安装并配置Monitorix ### + +首先，安装需要的软件包。注意，在CentOS上，你需要先设置 [EPEL][4]和[Repoforge][5]仓库。 + + $ sudo yum install rrdtool rrdtool-perl perl-libwww-perl perl-MailTools perl-MIME-Lite perl-CGI perl-DBI perl-XML-Simple perl-Config-General perl-HTTP-Server-Simple perl-IO-Socket-SSL + +完成上一步后，可以通过以下命令来安装Monitorix： + + $ sudo yum install monitorix + + +要配置Monitorix，打开/etc/monitorix/monitorix.conf配置文件，并修改选项。关于Monitorix的配置文件细节，可以查阅[http://www.monitorix.org/documentation.html][6]。 + +默认情况下，内建的HTTP服务器监听8080端口。因此，确保你的防火墙没有阻止TCP 8080端口。 + +要启动Monitorix，只需输入以下命令： + + $ sudo service monitorix start + +启动你喜爱的Web浏览器，然后通过http://:8080/monitorix来访问Monitorix的Web界面。 + +### 在Archlinux上安装并配置Monitorix ### +在Archlinux上，可以从[AUR][7]上下载Monitorix包。 + +默认情况下，Archlinux上是禁用内建HTTP服务器的。要启用内建的HTTP服务器，请编辑/etc/monitorix.conf文件的如下区块。 + + + enabled = y + host = + port = 8080 + user = nobody + group = nobody + log_file = /var/log/monitorix-httpd + hosts_deny = + hosts_allow = + + enabled = n + msg = Monitorix: Restricted access + htpasswd = /var/lib/monitorix/htpasswd + + + +最后，启动Monitorix服务。 + +打开你喜欢的Web浏览器，然后通过http://:8080/monitorix来访问Monitorix的Web界面。 + +### 在Debian和Ubuntu上安装并配置Monitorix ### +对于Debian家族，Monitorix可以通过两种方式安装：手工安装或通过第三方软件仓库。 +#### 手工安装(用于Debian) #### + +Install all dependent packages first. +首先安装所有依赖包。 + + $ sudo apt-get install rrdtool perl libwww-perl libmailtools-perl libmime-lite-perl librrds-perl libdbi-perl libxml-simple-perl libhttp-server-simple-perl libconfig-general-perl libio-socket-ssl-perl + +从[http://www.monitorix.org/downloads.html][8]下载Monitorix包，并安装。 + + $ sudo dpkg -i monitorix*.deb + +在安装期间，会要求你配置一个后端Web服务器。如果你正是用Apache，确保重启Apache服务来重新加载Apache配置。 + + $ sudo service apache2 reload + +#### 通过软件仓库安装 (用于Ubuntu) #### +在/etc/apt/source.list中添加以下行来启用Izzysoft仓库。 + + deb http://apt.izzysoft.de/ubuntu generic universe + +下载并为软件仓库添加GPG密钥。 + + $ wget http://apt.izzysoft.de/izzysoft.asc + $ sudo apt-key add izzysoft.asc + +使用apt-get安装Monitorix，所有依赖包也将自动安装。 + + $ sudo apt-get update + $ sudo apt-get install monitorix + +最后，启动Monitorix服务。 + + $ sudo service monitorix start + +要配置Monitorix，请使用文本编辑器编辑/etc/monitorix/monitorix.conf，并重启Monitorix服务。 + + $ sudo service monitorix restart + +用于Ubuntu的内建Web服务器默认将被启用。要从Web查看监控结果，在你喜爱的Web浏览器中访问http://8080/monitorix。 + +### 在Raspberry Pi上安装并配置Monitorix ### +如果想要在Raspberry Pi（基于Debian）上安装Monitorix，你不能使用上面提到的Izzysoft仓库，因为它不提供Monitorix的ARM端口。取而代之的是，你可以参照如下基于Debian的手工安装。 + +首先，安装需要的软件包。 + + $ sudo apt-get install rrdtool perl libwww-perl libmailtools-perl libmime-lite-perl librrds-perl libdbi-perl libxml-simple-perl libhttp-server-simple-perl libconfig-general-perl libio-socket-ssl-perl + +如果某些需要的软件包没有安装，我们需要使用此命令来强制安装。 + + $ sudo apt-get -f install + +从[http://www.monitorix.org/downloads.html][9]下载Monitorix软件包(monitorix_x.x.x-izzy1_all.deb)。 + +使用下面的命令来安装Monitorix包。 + + $ sudo dpkg -i monitorix_x.x.x-izzy1_all.deb + +安装完成后，我们需要像下面这样对Monitorix配置稍作修改。 + +用你喜爱的文本编辑器打开/etc/monitorix/monitorix.conf，向下滚动文本直到你找到。搜索“raspberrypi = n”，并用“y”替换“n”，这将启用对Raspberry Pi时钟频率、温度和电压的监控。 + +编辑完成后，重启Monitorix服务。 + + $ sudo service monitorix restart + +默认情况下，Monitorix的内建HTTP Web服务器会被启用。要访问Monitorix的Web界面，访问此地址http://:8080/monitorix。 + +### Monitorix截图(Raspberry Pi上) ### + +Monitorix主屏幕: + +[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5558/14215953893_69b546c473_z.jpg)][10] + +系统平均负载和使用情况图示: + +[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5239/14009175290_6c5f9542b9_z.jpg)][11] + +活动进程图示: + +[![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2933/14195746084_1364bd1721_z.jpg)][12] + +在主屏幕中选择“Raspberry Pi”部分下的“时钟频率”，你会看到[Raspberry Pi][13]的时钟频率、温度和电压的图示： + +[![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7330/14009143189_aeeee6a0e3_z.jpg)][14] + +所有监控图示： + +[![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2908/14192525721_d002b4e621_k.jpg)][15] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/web-based-lightweight-system-monitor-linux.html + +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/11/install-configure-cacti-linux.html +[2]:http://xmodulo.com/tag/nagios +[3]:http://www.monitorix.org/features.html +[4]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/03/how-to-set-up-epel-repository-on-centos.html +[5]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/01/how-to-set-up-rpmforge-repoforge-repository-on-centos.html +[6]:http://www.monitorix.org/documentation.html +[7]:http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=33911 +[8]:http://www.monitorix.org/downloads.html +[9]:http://www.monitorix.org/downloads.html +[10]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14215953893/ +[11]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14009175290/ +[12]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14195746084/ +[13]:http://xmodulo.com/go/raspberrypi +[14]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14009143189/ +[15]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14192525721/ \ No newline at end of file From 8a55d3024b5461186226040deb21b4ce187fcc74 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: GOLinux Date: Tue, 20 May 2014 14:31:56 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 151/601] Translated:How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md --- ...sed lightweight system monitor on Linux.md | 187 ------------------ 1 file changed, 187 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md diff --git a/sources/tech/How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md b/sources/tech/How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md deleted file mode 100644 index 270badd878..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,187 +0,0 @@ -Translating by GOLinux ... - -How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux -================================================================================ -Sometimes we, as a normal user or a system admin, need to know how well our system is running. Many questions related to system status can be answered by checking log files generated by active services. However, inspecting every bit of log files is not easy even for seasoned system admins. That is why they rely on monitoring software which is capable of gathering information from different sources, and reporting analysis result in easy to understand formats, such as graphs, visualization, statistics, etc. - -There are many sophisticated monitoring system software such as [Cacti][1], [Nagios][2], Zabbix, Munin, etc. In this article, we pick a lightweight monitoring tool called Monitorix, which is designed to monitor system resources and many well-known third-party applications on Linux/BSD servers. Optimized to run on resource-limited embedded systems, Monitorix boasts of simplicity and small memory footprint. It comes with a built-in HTTP server for web-based interface, and stores time series statistics with RRDtool which is easy to combine with any scripting language such as Perl, Python, shell script, Ruby, etc. - -### Main Features ### - -Here is a list of Monitorix's main features. For a complete list, refer to the [official site][3]. - -- System load and system service demand -- CPU/GPU temperature sensors -- Disk temperature and health -- Network/port traffic and netstat statistics -- Mail statistics -- Web server statistics (Apache, Nginx, Lighttpd) -- MySQL load and statistics -- Squid proxy statistics -- NFS server/client statistics -- Raspberry Pi sensor statistics -- Memcached statistics - -### Install and Configure Monitorix on Fedora, CentOS or RHEL ### - -First, install required packages as follows. Note that on CentOS, you need to set up [EPEL][4] and [Repoforge][5] repositories first. - - $ sudo yum install rrdtool rrdtool-perl perl-libwww-perl perl-MailTools perl-MIME-Lite perl-CGI perl-DBI perl-XML-Simple perl-Config-General perl-HTTP-Server-Simple perl-IO-Socket-SSL - -After this, Monitorix can be installed with this command: - - $ sudo yum install monitorix - -To configure Monitorix, open the configuration file in /etc/monitorix/monitorix.conf, and change the options. The details on Monitorix configuration file can be found at [http://www.monitorix.org/documentation.html][6] - -By default, the built-in HTTP server listens on port 8080. Thus, make sure that your firewall does not block TCP port 8080. - -To start Monitorix, simply type the following. - - $ sudo service monitorix start - -Start your favorite web browser, and then go to http://:8080/monitorix to access Monitorix's web interface. - -### Install and Configure Monitorix on Archlinux ### - -On Archlinux, the Monitorix package can be downloaded from [AUR][7]. - -By default, the built-in HTTP server is disabled on Archlinux. To enable built-in HTTP server, edit section in /etc/monitorix.conf as follows. - - - enabled = y - host = - port = 8080 - user = nobody - group = nobody - log_file = /var/log/monitorix-httpd - hosts_deny = - hosts_allow = - - enabled = n - msg = Monitorix: Restricted access - htpasswd = /var/lib/monitorix/htpasswd - - - -Finally, start Monitorix service. - -Open your favorite web browser, and go to http://:8080/monitorix to access Monitorix. - -### Install and Configure Monitorix on Debian and Ubuntu ### - -For Debian family, Monitorix can be installed in two ways: manually or through a third party repository. - -#### Manual installation (for Debian) #### - -Install all dependent packages first. - - $ sudo apt-get install rrdtool perl libwww-perl libmailtools-perl libmime-lite-perl librrds-perl libdbi-perl libxml-simple-perl libhttp-server-simple-perl libconfig-general-perl libio-socket-ssl-perl - -Download Monitorix package from [http://www.monitorix.org/downloads.html][8], and install it. - - $ sudo dpkg -i monitorix*.deb - -During installation, you might be asked to configure a backend web server. If you using Apache, make sure to reload Apache configuration by restarting Apache service. - - $ sudo service apache2 reload - -#### nstallation through repositories (for Ubuntu) #### - -Enable Izzysoft repository by appending the following line in /etc/apt/source.list. - - deb http://apt.izzysoft.de/ubuntu generic universe - -Download and add a GPG key for the repository. - - $ wget http://apt.izzysoft.de/izzysoft.asc - $ sudo apt-key add izzysoft.asc - -Install Monitorix with apt-get. All its dependent packages will automatically be installed as well. - - $ sudo apt-get update - $ sudo apt-get install monitorix - -Finally, start Monitorix service. - - $ sudo service monitorix start - -To configure Monitorix, edit /etc/monitorix/monitorix.conf with a text editor, and restart Monitorix service. - - $ sudo service monitorix restart - -The built-in web server of Monitorix for Ubuntu is enabled by default. To access web-based monitoring result, go to http://8080/monitorix on your favorite web browser. - -### Install and Configure Monitorix on Raspberry Pi ### - -If you want to install Monitorix on Raspberry Pi (which is Debian-based), you cannot use the Izzysoft repository mentioned above because it does not provide an ARM port of Monitorix. Instead, follow Debian-based manual installation as follows. - -First, install required packages. - - $ sudo apt-get install rrdtool perl libwww-perl libmailtools-perl libmime-lite-perl librrds-perl libdbi-perl libxml-simple-perl libhttp-server-simple-perl libconfig-general-perl libio-socket-ssl-perl - -If some of the required packages are not be installed, we need to force install with this command. - - $ sudo apt-get -f install - -Download Monitorix package (monitorix_x.x.x-izzy1_all.deb) from [http://www.monitorix.org/downloads.html][9]. - -Install Monitorix package with the command below. - - $ sudo dpkg -i monitorix_x.x.x-izzy1_all.deb - -After installation is finished, we need to change a small thing in Monitorix configuration as follows. - -Open /etc/monitorix/monitorix.conf with your favorite text editor. Scroll down until you find . Search for "raspberrypi = n", and replace 'n' with 'y'. This will enable monitoring of Raspberry Pi clock frequency, temperatures and voltages. - -After editing is done, restart Monitorix service. - - $ sudo service monitorix restart - -By default, Monitorix's built-in HTTP web server is enabled. To access Monitorix's web interface, go to http://:8080/monitorix - -### Monitorix Screenshots (on Raspberry Pi) ### - -Monitorix home screen: - -[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5558/14215953893_69b546c473_z.jpg)][10] - -System load average and usage in graph option: - -[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5239/14009175290_6c5f9542b9_z.jpg)][11] - -Active process graph option: - -[![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2933/14195746084_1364bd1721_z.jpg)][12] - -Choose "Clock Frequency" under "Raspberry Pi" section in the home screen, and you will see clock frequency, temperature, and voltage graphs for [Raspberry Pi][13]. - -[![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7330/14009143189_aeeee6a0e3_z.jpg)][14] - -All monitoring graphs: - -[![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2908/14192525721_d002b4e621_k.jpg)][15] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/web-based-lightweight-system-monitor-linux.html - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/11/install-configure-cacti-linux.html -[2]:http://xmodulo.com/tag/nagios -[3]:http://www.monitorix.org/features.html -[4]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/03/how-to-set-up-epel-repository-on-centos.html -[5]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/01/how-to-set-up-rpmforge-repoforge-repository-on-centos.html -[6]:http://www.monitorix.org/documentation.html -[7]:http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=33911 -[8]:http://www.monitorix.org/downloads.html -[9]:http://www.monitorix.org/downloads.html -[10]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14215953893/ -[11]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14009175290/ -[12]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14195746084/ -[13]:http://xmodulo.com/go/raspberrypi -[14]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14009143189/ -[15]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14192525721/ From 12061bf8f922970df317f26d8678c9b5db4dd2b7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: carolinewuyan <309866211@qq.com> Date: Tue, 20 May 2014 15:01:55 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 152/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9=E4=B8=AD?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md b/translated/tech/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md index 7af346fa15..6462f2eccb 100644 --- a/translated/tech/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md +++ b/translated/tech/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md @@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ Windows 8的：在Windows 8中，你需要进入一般的PC设置，并选择** -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -via: http://itsfoss.com/disable-uefi-secure-boot-in-windows-8/ +via: http://itsfoss.com/disable-uefi-secure-boot-in-windows-8/ 译者：[MikeCoder](https://github.com/MikeCoder) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 44b63df06967cb7d465e86e557b4d111ebe06c0d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: owen-carter Date: Tue, 20 May 2014 15:15:07 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 153/601] =?UTF-8?q?Signed-off-by:=20owen-carter=20=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...s Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel.md | 37 ----------------- ...s Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel.md | 40 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 40 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/Torvalds Is Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel.md create mode 100644 translated/news/Torvalds Is Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel.md diff --git a/sources/news/Torvalds Is Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel.md b/sources/news/Torvalds Is Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel.md deleted file mode 100644 index 79e07a615d..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/Torvalds Is Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,37 +0,0 @@ -owen-carter translating -Torvalds Is Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel -================================================================================ -Yesterday patches were published via a pull request to [enable experimental LTO support for the Linux 3.15 kernel][1], but Linus Torvalds hasn't yet decided whether he will accept this code in the upstream Linux kernel... Linus doesn't yet see the benefits in link-time optimizations for the kernel and isn't sure whether this code is ready yet to be mainlined. - -[LTO'ing the Linux kernel][2] has the potential of reducing the size of the Linux kernel image along with generating a faster and more efficient binary. Link-time optimizations within GCC allow the whole program to be optimized at link-time stage across the entire binary. Previous results showed that an LTO'ed kernel could be over 10% smaller in size and a few percent faster by optimizing the kernel in this manner, but it currently results in much greater system memory usage and a much longer compilation process. - -In responding to the Linux 3.15 LTO Kconfig pull request that would make it an experimental option for the next kernel release, Linus Torvalds [wrote][3]: - -> So right now, I see several reasons not to merge it ("It's so experimental that we don't even want to encourage people to test it" to "it's not fully fleshed out yet and makes compile times _much_ longer"). -> -> And yet nobody has actually talked about why I *should* merge it. -> -> Which - I think understandably - makes me less than enthusiastic. -> -> So I think I'll let this wait a bit longer, _unless_ people start talking about the upsides. How much smaller is the end result? How much faster is it? How much more beautiful is it? Does it make new cool things possible? Are those cool things really close on the horizon and really want this merged even though it's not really quite ready yet? -> -> So please: convince me. Andi? -> -> Linus - -In response to Torvalds' concerns, among the responses back were that the LTO kernels are smaller in size, they reduce the need for many lower-level Kconfig symbols / reduce the number of CONFIG options needed since unused code can automatically be eliminated, etc. Numbers reported by Tim Bird saw an 11% binary reduction on ARM with the LTO configuration while other users can see upwards of a 30% reduction. There's also reports of an LTO kernel having about 4% less system calls. Benchmark results vary based upon workload but can range from no improvement to generally a couple of percent. - -At the moment the matter of [link-time optimization][4] support for the Linux kernel is still being discussed with Linus not yet coming out with any revised thoughts whether he's willing to merge this experimental feature for Linux 3.15 or not. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTY1OTg - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTY1ODA -[2]:http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTY0OTc -[3]:http://lkml.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/1404.1/00275.html -[4]:http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=search&q=link-time+optimization \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/news/Torvalds Is Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel.md b/translated/news/Torvalds Is Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c28b596b56 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/Torvalds Is Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +owen-carter translating +托沃兹对LTO'ing Linux内核并不乐观 +================================================================================ +昨天，补丁已经通过一个上拉请求而发布[启用了Linux 3.15内核实验LTO支持][1]，但Linus Torvalds还没有决定他是否会接受这段代码中的上游Linux内核...莱纳斯还没有见到在链接时优化内核的好处，是不知道这段代码是否已准备好待mainlined。 + +[LTO'ing the Linux kernel][2] 具有减小伴随生成一个更快和更高效的二进制Linux内核镜像的大小的优势。在GCC链接时就进行优化从而使整个程序在链接阶 +段就实现整个的二进制优化。先前的结果表明，一个LTO'ed内核可以是较小的超过10％的大小和百分之几更快通过优化内核以这种方式，但是它目前的问题是导致了更大的系统内存使用和更长的编译过程。 + +在应对Linux的3.15 LTO的Kconfig拉的请求后，将使它成为实验性的选项为下一个内核版本，Linus Torvalds[wrote][3]: + +> 所以现在，我看到了好几个不进行合并的原因("它是如此的实验性，我们甚至不希望鼓励人们去测试它”，因为目前“它不是完全充实并且使得编译时间变的更长"). +> +> 而且至今没有人真正谈过为什么我 *应该* 合并它（Linus的意思是说其实没有人真正知道并且谈过合并LTO的理由）。 +> +>我觉得这个并没有激起我多少热情。 +> +>所以我想我会让这个等待的时间尽量长一点，直到人们开始谈论有利的一面。最终的结果是到底可以小到什么程度呢？快到什么程度呢？漂亮到何种 +境地呢？这会让那些新的很酷的事情成为可能吗？那些很酷的事情真地快要来到了吗？真的希望这个可以被合并，尽管这不是真的准备好了？ +> +>所以，请说服我。安迪！ +> +> Linus + +为了回应Torvalds的关注，响应的结果是LTO内核具有了更小的尺寸，它们减少了对许多低级别的Kconfig符号/减少所需的配置选项的数目，因为未使用的代码可以自动被淘汰，大量由Tim bird得到的报告显示一个11％的二进制减少在ARM与LTO配置中，而其他用户可以看到向上减少30％。还有的甚至减少 +约4％，系统调用了LTO内核的报告。基准测试的结果根据测试工作量有所差异，但可以从一般是几个百分点的进步看到确实得到了改善。 + +如今， [link-time optimization][4] 是否被Linux内核所支持，该决策仍在与莱纳斯尚未明朗的想法中，他是否愿意合并此实验性功能的Linux 3.15或不做讨论。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTY1OTg + +译者：[owen-carter](https://github.com/owen-carter) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTY1ODA +[2]:http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTY0OTc +[3]:http://lkml.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/1404.1/00275.html +[4]:http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=search&q=link-time+optimization \ No newline at end of file From 167c1d96ab5823ba6baf297465b525fe6e0be9a3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Rei Date: Tue, 20 May 2014 15:26:32 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 154/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9=E4=B8=AD?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/translated/news/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md b/translated/news/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md index c6f4b953d4..9379b201ff 100644 --- a/translated/news/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md +++ b/translated/news/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Canonical公司正在推动中国市场而且公司已经试图用Ubuntu Kylin via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-Is-Now-Running-on-World-s-Fastest-Supercomputer-442733.shtml -译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 808bfa436518acfbea8e84f169ffadfe19c1ea6f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: linuhap Date: Tue, 20 May 2014 15:32:44 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 155/601] translating --- ... Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/BattleBlock Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md b/sources/news/BattleBlock Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md index 5ec0ec9301..f75c1c775a 100644 --- a/sources/news/BattleBlock Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md +++ b/sources/news/BattleBlock Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +linuhap 翻译中 BattleBlock Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/BattleBlock-Theater-Now-Rules-the-Steam-for-Linux-Best-Selling-List-442722-2.jpg) @@ -53,4 +54,4 @@ via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/BattleBlock-Theater-Now-Rules-the-Steam-for- [17]: [18]: [19]: -[20]: \ No newline at end of file +[20]: From 72c4e3ac236868ec3f592c91c7ae8634aa9abdb7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Rei Date: Tue, 20 May 2014 15:54:24 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 156/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B7=B2=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...s Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md | 12 ++++++------ 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/news/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md b/translated/news/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md index 9379b201ff..cf30ac0311 100644 --- a/translated/news/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md +++ b/translated/news/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md @@ -2,21 +2,21 @@ Ubuntu现在运行在世界最快超级计算机上Ubuntu Is Now Running on Worl ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-Is-Now-Running-on-World-s-Fastest-Supercomputer-442733-2.jpg) -**Canonical公司创建了最常用的Linux桌面发行版，它也成为最成功的服务器操作系统之一。事实上，Ubuntu Server, Ubuntu Openstack 和 Ubuntu的编制工具Juju,正在运行在世界上最强的超级计算机上。** +**Canonical公司意图创建最常用的Linux桌面发行版，然而它也成为了最成功的服务器操作系统之一。事实上，Ubuntu Server, Ubuntu Openstack 和 Ubuntu的编制工具Juju，正在运行在世界上最强的超级计算机上。** -现在，世界上最强大的计算机是天河二号，它在中国的广东省。根据它的制造者了解到，这个服务器使用Intel Xeon处理器、Intel Xeon Phi协同处理器，它有160Gb每秒的传输速度用于两个节点之间超高速传输。从2013年以来它一直保持着记录。 +现在，世界上最强大的超级计算机是天河二号，它在中国的广东省。据它的制造者介绍，这些服务器使用Intel Xeon处理器、Intel Xeon Phi协同处理器，它有每秒160Gb的传输速度用于两个节点之间超高速传输。从2013年以来它一直保持着最强记录。 -“Ubuntu OpenStack运行在256个高性能节点，而且在接下来的数月将会增长至超过6400个节点。这些节点将提供给广东政府部门和其他国防科技大学合作伙伴使用，用于分析、人口普查和电子政务应用程序。” +“Ubuntu OpenStack运行在256个高性能节点上，而且在接下来的数月将会增长至超过6400个节点。这些节点将能够提供给广东政府部门和其他国防科技大学的合作伙伴们使用，用于进行分析、人口普查以及运行电子政务应用程序。” -“OpenStack和Ubuntu的编制工具Juju将运行在天河二号上，使国防科技大学的合作伙伴和联盟机构能够快速部署和管理高性能云环境”官方的[通告][1]中这样写。 +“OpenStack和Ubuntu的编制工具Juju都将运行在天河二号上，使国防科技大学的合作伙伴和联盟机构能够快速部署和管理高性能云环境”官方的[通告][1]中这样写道。 -Canonical公司正在推动中国市场而且公司已经试图用Ubuntu Kylin覆盖桌面生态系统，这是一个很好的时机，与此同时微软宣布Windows XP生命的终结。 +Canonical公司正在努力推动中国市场，并且他们已经正在尝试用Ubuntu Kylin覆盖桌面生态系统，正当微软宣布Windows XP生命终结的同时，它抓住了一个很好的时机。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-Is-Now-Running-on-World-s-Fastest-Supercomputer-442733.shtml -译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[reinoir](https://github.com/reinoir) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 24a113835197a15288b1c378a5b10a67c7c99339 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: carolinewuyan <309866211@qq.com> Date: Tue, 20 May 2014 15:55:23 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 157/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B7=B2=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ble UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md | 35 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md b/translated/tech/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md index 6462f2eccb..ce4e2c81eb 100644 --- a/translated/tech/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md +++ b/translated/tech/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md @@ -1,33 +1,32 @@ -如何在Windows 8 & 8.1上禁用UEFI安全验证 +如何在 Windows 8 & 8.1 上禁用 UEFI 安全验证 ================================================================================ ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Disable_Secure_Boot_Windows8_UEFI.jpeg) -现在，如果你买了预装Windows的电脑，一般都是Windows8或Windows8.1。从Windows8开始，微软用UEFI取代了BIOS。尽管UEFI不是微软发明的，在Windows8之前他就已经存在。比如某些Mac设备就已经使用UEFI有一段时间了。 +现在，如果你买了预装 Windows 的电脑，一般都是 Windows8 或 Windows8.1。从 Windows8 开始，微软用 UEFI 取代了 BIOS。尽管 UEFI 不是微软发明的，在 Windows8 之前它就已经存在。比如某些 Mac 设备使用 UEFI 已经有一段时间了。 -UEFI有“安全启动”这个特点，引导程序只会启动那些得到UEFI固件签署的引导装载程序。此安全功能可以防止Rootkit类的恶意软件，并提供了额外的安全层。但它有一个缺点，如果你想在Linux的电脑上启动Windows8，安全机制将会制止他。因此，我们建议**禁用安全启动，来让Windows 8支持Linux的双系统启动**。 +UEFI 有“安全启动”这个特点，引导程序只会启动那些得到 UEFI 固件签署的引导装载程序。此安全功能可以防止 Rootkit 类的恶意软件，并提供了额外的安全层。但它有一个缺点，如果你想在 Linux 的电脑上启动 Windows8，安全机制将会制止他。因此，我们建议**禁用安全启动，来让 Windows 8 支持 Linux 的双系统启动**。 ### 在Windows 8 & 8.1上禁用UEFI安全验证 ### -现在在关于安全启动，充斥着各种各样的杂音。由于这些传闻，有些人几乎认为在预装Windows8的电脑上启动到Linux是不可能的，虽然在ARM上这是真的。但是安全引导可以在基于Intel的系统上被禁用。老实说，**禁用UEFI安全启动**不是一个艰巨的任务，同样的双启动的Linux与Windows 8 也不是。 +关于安全启动，充斥着各种各样的杂音。由于这些传闻，有些人几乎认为在预装 Windows8 的电脑上启动 Linux 是不可能的，虽然在 ARM 上这是真的。但是安全引导可以在基于 Intel 的系统上被禁用。老实说，**禁用UEFI安全启动**不是一个艰巨的任务，同样的双启动的 Linux 与 Windows 8 也不是。 -虽然在当年BIOS时，这是相当简单的，在启动的时候按F10或F12键即可。但是在UEFI的世界里，就不一样了。要访问UEFI设置，你就必须到Windows中去。让我们来看看如何访问UEFI设置禁用Windows8安全启动。 +虽然在当年 BIOS 时，这是相当简单的，在启动的时候按 F10 或 F12 键即可。但是在 UEFI 的世界里，就不一样了。要访问 UEFI 设置，你就必须到 Windows 中去。让我们来看看如何访问 UEFI 设置来禁用 Windows8 安全启动。 #### Step 1: 进入PC设置 #### -点击 Windows+I 按钮进入Windows设置界面。在底部，你会看到更改电脑设置的选项。点击它。 +点击 Windows+I 按钮进入 Windows 设置界面。在底部，你会看到更改电脑设置的选项。点击它。 ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Disable_Secure_Boot_1.jpeg) #### Step 2: 进入高级启动 #### - -在Windows 8和Windows8.1上，PC设置有一个细微的差别。依照你使用的系统，你需要分别按照下面介绍的各个步骤进行操作： +在 Windows 8 和 Windows8.1 上，PC设置有一个细微的差别。依照你使用的系统，你需要分别按照下面介绍的各个步骤进行操作： Windows 8的：在Windows 8中，你需要进入一般的PC设置，并选择**高级启动**，然后点击**立即重新启动：** ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Change_PC_Settings_Windows8.jpg) -**Window 8.1**的：在Windows8.1，从左侧边栏点击**更新和恢复**： +**Window 8.1**的：在 Windows8.1，从左侧边栏点击**更新和恢复**： ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Disable_Secure_Boot_Windows8_2.jpeg) @@ -35,11 +34,11 @@ Windows 8的：在Windows 8中，你需要进入一般的PC设置，并选择** ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Disable_Secure_Boot_Windows8_3.jpeg) -不要担心！这之后也不会立刻重新启动，而是会提供一些​​选项，你将在下次开机看到的。 +不要担心！这之后也不会立刻重新启动，而是会提供一些选项，你将在下次开机看到的。 #### Step 4: 进入UEFI设置 #### -当您单击立即重新启动按钮，你将会看到一些选项从下一屏幕选择。选择**疑难解答**这里： +当您单击立即重新启动按钮，在下一页屏幕中，你将会看到一些选项来从中选择。这里选择**疑难解答**： ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Troubleshoot_Windows8.jpg) @@ -47,30 +46,30 @@ Windows 8的：在Windows 8中，你需要进入一般的PC设置，并选择** ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Troubleshoot_Windows8_1.jpg) -在高级选项菜单中，选择** UEFI固件设置**： +在高级选项菜单中，选择** UEFI 固件设置**： ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Troubleshoot_Windows8_2.jpg) -接下来，在在UEFI设置里，点击**重新启动**按钮重新启动您的系统，就像之前在BIOS中做的一样。 +接下来，在UEFI设置里，点击**重新启动**按钮重新启动您的系统，就像之前在BIOS中做的一样。 ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Troubleshoot_Windows8_3.jpg) #### Step 5: 在 UEFI 中禁用安全启动 #### -这个时候，你必须已经启动到UEFI工具。你可以在这里更改各种设置，但所有我们想要做的，就是禁用安全启动选项，允许的Ubuntu的双启动或任何其他的Linux。 +这个时候，你必须已经启动到 UEFI 工具。你可以在这里更改各种设置，但所有我们想要做的，就是禁用安全启动选项，允许 Ubuntu 或者任何其它 Linux 版本的双启动。 -移动到启动选项卡，在那里你会发现**安全引导**选项被设置为启用。使用箭头键进入安全引导选项，然后按**进入**来选择它。 *使用+或 - 来改变它的值。**确认提示时。按** F10键保存更改**并退出UEFI设置。 +移动到启动选项卡，在那里你会发现**安全引导**选项被设置为启用。使用箭头键进入安全引导选项，然后按**进入**来选择它。 *使用+或 - 来改变它的值。**确认提示时。按** F10 键保存更改**并退出 UEFI 设置。 ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Disable_Secure_Boot_Windows8.jpg) -接下来，您将到Windows正常开机。现在，你应该可以双启动的Windows8与Ubuntu或其他Linux操作系统。我会在未来的日子里写关于如何双启动的Ubuntu与Windows 8 UEFI。敬请关注。 +接下来，您将到 Windows 正常开机。现在，您应该可以双启动 Windows8 与 Ubuntu 或其它 Linux 操作系统。我会在未来的日子里写关于如何双启动Ubuntu与Windows 8 UEFI。敬请关注。 -我希望这个教程可以帮助你禁用Windows8和Windows8.1的安全引导。任何疑问或建议，随时欢迎。随时给意见。 +我希望这个教程可以帮助您禁用 Windows8 和 Windows8.1 的安全引导。如有任何疑问或建议，欢迎随时评论。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://itsfoss.com/disable-uefi-secure-boot-in-windows-8/ -译者：[MikeCoder](https://github.com/MikeCoder) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[MikeCoder](https://github.com/MikeCoder) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From f668e60df568e64551d045043424adbb4bd4912a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: carolinewuyan <309866211@qq.com> Date: Tue, 20 May 2014 15:58:17 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 158/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B7=B2=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md b/translated/tech/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md index ce4e2c81eb..1c65e4cdf1 100644 --- a/translated/tech/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md +++ b/translated/tech/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ Windows 8的：在Windows 8中，你需要进入一般的PC设置，并选择** ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Troubleshoot_Windows8_1.jpg) -在高级选项菜单中，选择** UEFI 固件设置**： +在高级选项菜单中，选择**UEFI固件设置**： ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Troubleshoot_Windows8_2.jpg) @@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ Windows 8的：在Windows 8中，你需要进入一般的PC设置，并选择** ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Disable_Secure_Boot_Windows8.jpg) -接下来，您将到 Windows 正常开机。现在，您应该可以双启动 Windows8 与 Ubuntu 或其它 Linux 操作系统。我会在未来的日子里写关于如何双启动Ubuntu与Windows 8 UEFI。敬请关注。 +接下来，您将到 Windows 正常开机。现在，您应该可以双启动 Windows8 与 Ubuntu 或其它 Linux 操作系统。在未来的日子里我会写关于如何双启动 Ubuntu 与 Windows 8 UEFI 的教程。敬请关注。 我希望这个教程可以帮助您禁用 Windows8 和 Windows8.1 的安全引导。如有任何疑问或建议，欢迎随时评论。 From 586f1312294a1c7434739e226799c7efc85e8cfc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Tue, 20 May 2014 16:17:41 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 159/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9A5=20Pointers?= =?UTF-8?q?=20To=20Supercharge=20Your=20Raspberry=20Pi=20Projects?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md | 190 ++++++++++++++++++ ... Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md | 138 ------------- 2 files changed, 190 insertions(+), 138 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md delete mode 100644 translated/talk/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md diff --git a/published/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md b/published/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..06284afc1f --- /dev/null +++ b/published/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md @@ -0,0 +1,190 @@ +树莓派进阶学习的五个建议 +======================= +![](http://readwrite.com/files/styles/1400_0/public/fields/Rasberry-Pi_1_red.jpg) + +> 从SSH到端口转发，这些先进的技术将使你的树莓派开发更简单。 + +当你命令行输入命令时，你就不再是一个新手在做一些[新手的设置][1]了。虽然进度不快，但是你的确正在通过你的方式去学习使用这物超所值的、只有信用卡大小的计算机去满足一些DIY想法，这就是树莓派。 + +> 然而，从基础跨越到中级还是存在较大距离。当你从“设置你的派”的教程转而学习“创建一个媒体服务器”时，项目开始前的需求就会有一点点挑战。许多中级的Pi教程，包括ReadWrite的一些文章，都会假设你已经对树莓派设置好了一些东西。 + +并非每一个项目都需要找个教程里的所有建议，但是知道这些步骤可以使项目更顺利地贴合需求。 + +当你准备脱离小白行列时，做一些树莓派教程的预先准备工作对你非常有用。 + +### 1) 使用SSH登录 ### + +SSH意思是[Secure Shell][2]，它是一种加密网络协议，用于安全地在计算机与树莓派之间传输你的数据。项目中也许需要你通过你的计算机的命令行控制树莓派，而不是通过给树莓派连接显示器和键盘来控制。 + +现在SSH已经预先安装在树莓派系统 [Raspbian][3] 中了，所以如果你安装的是最新版本或较新版本的树莓派都是支持SSH使用的。 + +要使用SSH，第一，你需要知道你的树莓派的IP地址，在你的树莓派中输入以下命令： + + sudo ifconfig + +[会显示出三个段落][4]。你的IP地址将会在第一段或者第三段显示，这主要看你的树莓派是通过线缆还是通过WIFI适配器连接网络的。如果是通过线缆连接，那请查看第一段，在“eth0”那行开始显示。如果是通过wifi链接，将在第三段“wlan0”开头的地方显示。 + +无论通过哪种方式，你将会看到以“inet addr”开头后面跟着像192.168.2.2这样类型的IP地址，这是我们在这篇文章中经常引用到的一种默认IP地址格式。 + +现在你有一个可以连接树莓派与你的电脑的IP地址了，如果你使用的是Mac，你已经有了内置的SSH，启动你的终端应用并输入： + + ssh pi@192.168.2.2 + +连接之后将会要求输入密码，默认情况下，密码一般是“respberry”.如果你修改了默认密码，请输入你的新密码。这样，您将登入了树莓派系统。 + +如果你在一台PC，还需要附加的一个步骤。 + +![](http://readwrite.com/files/putty2.jpg) + +下载并运行[PuTTY][5]或者其它支持Windows系统的SSH客户端。输入你的IP地址在如上截图中的输入框中。保持默认端口为22不变。然后安心回车，PuTTY将会提示你输入用户名和密码。输入之后，就可以开始在你的树莓派里远程工作了。 + +### 2) 使用远程桌面连接到你的树莓派 ### + +使用SSH去从命令行远程控制你的Pi是极好的，但是如果你想通过图形界面去管理你的Pi怎么办呢？幸运的是MAC和PC都已经内建了这种方式。 + +在你的树莓派中的命令行（是的，你可以通过SSH来操作），输入： + + sudo apt-get install xrdp + +xdrp是一种在可以在后台运行的计算机[守护进程][6]，并支持Mac和PC上的微软远程桌面客户端。当树莓派中安装好xrdp之后，你的MAC或者PC就可以通过客户端登录到树莓派中了。 + +找到你的电脑中一个叫远程桌面的客户端。它本身并不是隐藏起来的，但没有放到应用程序的文件夹中。 + +![](http://readwrite.com/files/Screen%20Shot%202014-04-07%20at%2010.14.13%20PM.png) + +出现上述提示时输入你的IP地址。接下来会弹出xrdp窗口，提示你输入用户名和密码。 + +![](http://readwrite.com/files/Screen%20Shot%202014-04-07%20at%2010.14.31%20PM.png) + +如果进展顺利，你的树莓派桌面就会在你的电脑屏幕上的窗口里面显示出来了。 + +![](http://readwrite.com/files/Screen%20Shot%202014-04-07%20at%2010.14.48%20PM.png) + +### 3) 给你的树莓派设置一个家庭网络的静态地址 ### + +在之前（第一步）找到的树莓派的IP地址现在是可以连接的，但是不能保证你的路由器会一直给你的树莓派分配一个永久固定的IP地址。这意味着在你网段中的其它计算机无法知道树莓派被分配了什么IP地址。那么如何来给树莓派分配静态的IP地址而不是每隔几天就在树莓派上执行“sudo ifconfig”命令，或者糟糕到每隔几个小时一次？ + +显然，我们要从“ifconfig”命令开始，所以输入： + + sudo ifconfig + +拿出笔和纸做准备，记录下面的三个IP地址。（#后面的代码是注释，实际不会显示.）： + + inet addr: 192.168.2.2 # 树莓派的当前IP地址 + + Bcast: 192.168.0.255 # 地址广播范围 + + Mask: 255.255.255.0 # 子网掩码 + +此外，你还需要知道另外2个信息。请输入以下命令获取网关和目的地址（译注：实际上我们只需要知道默认网关的IP就行了）。 + + netstat -nr + +接下来，去查看你路由器上的配置。（如何进行这一步主要取决于你用什么路由器，所以还是查看下说明书吧）找出你的设备通过DHCP设置了哪段ip地址。有些地址是不能使用的，因为DHCP协议中已经分配使用了。所以要选择没有被使用的，例如，192.168.2.2。你的路由器也许可以让你保留一个未使用的IP地址，固定分配给像树莓派这样的本地设备。（如果你的路由器是Belkin，那大概就是这样）如果是这样的，那就不用看下面的部分了。 + +如果不能固定分配，你需要让树莓派知道它的新的ip地址。我们通过nano编辑器来编辑树莓派中相关的文件。 + + sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces + +将“iface eth0 inet dhcp”这一段修改成“iface eth0 inet static”，也就是将动态获取IP修改成静态IP。 + +接下来输入如下，将下列X取代成你之前所记下来的地址信息。最上面的地址是我们将要把DHCP中没有使用的IP地址分配作为树莓派的静态IP地址。 + + address 192.168.2.2 + + netmask XXX.XXX.XXX.X + + network XXX.XXX.X.X + + broadcast XXX.XXX.X.X + + gateway XXX.XXX.X.X + +使用“sudo reboot”的命令重启树莓派系统后，在命令行再次输入“ifconfig”，我们刚刚新设置的静态IP设置就会呈现。 + +### 4) 端口转发至树莓派 ### + +一些树莓派程序可能需要你转发一个特定的网络端口号到你的树莓派。端口是信息在互联网传送的虚拟路径。有时候你需要转发一个端口来使像树莓派这样计算机可以被互联网访问，即使它在路由器后面。这种情况有点像拨电话分机号一样。 + +端口转发能够用于像[树莓派网页服务器][8]，树莓派的VOIP或者简单的点对点下载。有超过65000个端口可供选择，你可以分配不同的端口给不同的树莓派项目用来进行通信。 + +某些端口默认情况下代表着特定的应用。例如80端口默认为HTML页面，21端口默认代表FTP传输，1194端口默认用于设置VPN服务器。所以大多情况下，你可以随便选择哪个端口作为默认使用。（译注：此处原文“So a lot of the time, you can just go with whichever port is set as the default. ”似乎不能和上文衔接，以译者判断，应该是“所以大多数情况下，你应该选择默认的端口提供服务。”） + +设置端口转发的方法完全取决于你的路由器，于是很难创建一个固定的关于设置[端口转发][9]教程。你只能阅读你路由器的说明书来定义端口和转发了。 + +下面链接了几个主流路由器厂商的端口转发教程。 + +- [Belkin][10] +- [Netgear][11] +- [Linksys][12] + +### 5) 在互联网上给你的树莓派设置静态地址 ### + +再次声明，如果你的运营商给了你一个静态IP，你就不需要看这个部分了。 + +我们已经给树莓派设置了一个静态的内部IP地址，这意味着在你的内部网络中总是能够连到你的树莓派。但是如果程序需要树莓派连接到互联网呢？如果你想要在你的树莓派上搭建一个Web服务器，在你网络之外的人们需要知道你的树莓派在哪里，这意味着我们要来设置一个像静态IP的公开地址。 + +我之所以说“看起来像”是因为我们已经设置了一个伪静态IP地址。通常，你所在的运营商将会不断变换分配给你的地址。所以每一次有人连接到你的树莓派时，我们就要写个脚本说：“树莓派已经搬家了，让我带你去新的地址吧！ ” + +我们可以通过[DDNS][13]（即动态DNS）来实现，它实时维护名字解析，并通过 [DDClient][14] 程序通知DDNS修改指向到你的树莓派。 + +首先需要注册一个类似[DNS Dynamic][15]的动态主机服务。根据指示并创建新的名称服务器类似Yourserver.dnsdynamic.com. + +接下来进入树莓派中的命令行，使用下面命令来安装DDNS客户端： + + sudo apt-get install ddclient + +我们需要编辑DDNS客户端配置，使用新的名称服务器： + + sudo nano /etc/ddclient/ddclient.conf + +每种服务配置都会有略微的不同，但是DDNS的网站会告诉你需要在配置文件中修改的内容。一个标准的DDNS配置，举个栗子，如 [DDNS配置][16]，可以直接复制粘贴。 + +你的运营商不会因为你的这个文件而停止更新给你分配的IP地址，因此我们在脚本的最前面设置一个守护进程执行的频度，以确保及时检查IP地址是否已经更改。 + + daemon=600 + # check every 600 seconds + +这里设置的是每10分钟检查一次，这是一个不错的选择。如果你设置成每秒钟检查一次，你的动态服务器恐怕不干，因为这样对它来说是一种轰炸。记得按下ctrl+x保存并退出配置文件。 + +接下来，输入： + + ddclient + +如上输入程序的名称就可以运行了。当你的树莓派开着的时候就会持续运行了。如果你重启树莓派，键入 “ddclient”就会重新开始运行了。 + +现在你的树莓派已经被装修一番，可以迎接更高级的教程了，请从中获得更多乐趣吧！ + +### 关于作者： + +本文的美女作者：[Lauren Orsini](http://readwrite.com/author/lauren-orsini#awesm=~oEMljxDCpMKnXj)是一个专业记者、业余程序员和全职宅女，她住在饱受交通之苦的Arlington, VA。 + +![Lauren Orsini](http://readwrite.com/files/fields/LaurenOrsini.jpg) + + + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://readwrite.com/2014/04/09/raspberry-pi-projects-ssh-remote-desktop-static-ip-tutorial#feed=/hack&awesm=~oB1b7zvteUQGOV + +译者：[disylee](https://github.com/disylee) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/ +[2]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Shell +[3]:http://www.raspbian.org/ +[4]:https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruits-raspberry-pi-lesson-3-network-setup/finding-your-pis-ip-address +[5]:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/ +[6]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daemon_(computing) +[7]:https://www.modmypi.com/blog/tutorial-how-to-give-your-raspberry-pi-a-static-ip-address +[8]:http://raspberrywebserver.com/serveradmin/get-your-raspberry-pi-web-site-on-line.html +[9]:http://portforward.com/help/portforwarding.htm +[10]:http://www.belkin.com/us/support-article?articleNum=10790 +[11]:http://kb.netgear.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/24046/~/how-do-i-configure-port-forwarding-on-routers-with-the-netgear-genie-interface%3F +[12]:http://kb.linksys.com/Linksys/ukp.aspx?pid=80&vw=1&articleid=21470 +[13]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_DNS +[14]:http://sourceforge.net/p/ddclient/wiki/Home/ +[15]:https://www.dnsdynamic.org/ +[16]:http://dnsdynamic.blog.com/2011/06/26/using-ddclient-with-dnsdynamic/ +[17]:http://readwrite.com/2014/01/21/raspberry-pi-great-projects#feed=/search?keyword=raspberry+pi&awesm=~oAWzuuuChYu9vm diff --git a/translated/talk/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md b/translated/talk/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md deleted file mode 100644 index 48ab6bb973..0000000000 --- a/translated/talk/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,138 +0,0 @@ - -5个指引提升你的树莓派项目 - -> 从SSH到端口转发，这些先进技术将使树莓派的发展轻松前进。 -当你命令行输入命令时，你将不再是一个新手在做一些陌生的设置了。虽然进度缓慢，但是你正在通过你的方式去学习使用这廉价的，信用卡尺寸的大计算机去满足一些DIY想法，这就是树莓派。 - - -> 然而，在基础和中间的东西之间还是存在较大差距。当你从“设置你的派”的教程例如“创建一个媒体服务器”，前期项目的需求就变得有点冒险了。许多中级的Pi教程，包括其中的一些读写操作，例如一些关于树莓派的安装设置。 并非每一个项目都需要教程里的所有建议，但是知道这些步骤可以使项目更顺利地贴合需求。当你准备超越基础知识时，这里有一些关于树莓派的教程将提前为你准备。 -### 1) Using SSH ### -使用SSH登录 -SSH代表Secure Shell，是一种加密网络协议，用于安全地传输你的计算机与树莓派之间的数据。项目中也许需要你通过计算机的命令行而不是直接通过链接显示器和键盘来实现。如今SSH已经提前安装在树莓派系统中，所以如果你安装的是最新版本或者接近最新版本的树莓派都是支持SSH使用的。 -如何使用SSH，第一，你需要知道你的派的IP地址，在你的派中输入一下命令： - - sudo ifconfig -你的IP地址将会在第一段或者第三段显示，这主要看你的树莓派是通过线缆还是通过WIFI适配器连接网络的。如果是通过线缆连接，那请查看第一段，在“eth0”那行开始显示。如果是通过wifi链接，将在第三段“wlan0”开头的地方显示。 -无论通过哪种方式，你将会看到以“inet addr”开头后面跟着像192.168.2.2这样类型的IP地址，这是我们在这篇文章中经常引用到的一种默认IP地址格式。 -现在你有一个可以链接树莓派与你的电脑的IP地址了，如果你使用的是Mac，你已经建立了SSH链接，启动你的终端应用并输入： - - ssh pi@192.168.2.2 -连接之后将会要求输入密码，默认情况下，密码一般是“respberry”.如果你修改了默认密码，请输入新的密码取而代之。这样，您将进入树莓派系统。 -如果你在一台PC，那这是一个多余的步骤。 - -下载并运行PuTTY或者另一种支持Windows系统的SSH客户端。输入你的IP地址在空格 中，如一下截图所示。将默认端口设置成22.点击enter，PuTTY将会提示你输入用户名和密码。填完之后，将可以开始在你的Pi里远程工作了。 -### 2) Remote Desktop Your Raspberry Pi ### -使用远程桌面工具到你的树莓派 - -使用SSH去从命令行远程控制你的Pi是极好的，但是如果你想通过图形界面去管理你的Pi。幸运的是MAC和PC都已经建立了这种接口。 -在你的树莓派中的命令行（当然你也可以通过SSH来操作），输入： - - sudo apt-get install xrdp - -Xdrp是一种在可以在后台运行的计算机守护进程，并可以在Mac和PC中支持微软远程桌面客户端。通过一旦在树莓派中安装了，你的MAC或者PC将可以通过客户端登录到Pi中。 -找到你电脑中一个叫远程桌面的客户端。它本身是不完全隐藏起来的，但不会隐藏在应用程序的文件夹中。 - -出现提示时输入你的IP地址。接下来会弹出xrdp窗口，提示你输入用户名和密码。 -如果进展顺利，你的树莓派桌面就会在你的窗口或者在电脑屏幕上显示。 -### 3) Static IP For Your Pi On The Home Network ### -在您的同网段给树莓派设置静态IP地址 -我们发现如第一步所说很容易就可以管理树莓派，但是不能保证你的路由器会一直给你的树莓派分配一个永久固定的IP地址。这意味着在你网段中的计算机无法知道树莓派被分配了什么IP地址。那么如何来给树莓派分配静态的IP地址而不是每隔几天就在树莓派上执行“sudo ifconfig”命令，有时候情况糟糕，几个小时就更变了一次IP。 -可想而知，我们从“ifconfig”命令开始，所以输入： - - sudo ifconfig -拿出笔和纸做准备，记录下面的三个IP地址。（#后面的代码是注释，不会在显示.）： - - inet addr: 192.168.2.2 # Pi's Current IP Address - - Bcast: 192.168.0.255 # The Broadcast IP Range - - Mask: 255.255.255.0 # Subnet Mask Address - -此外，你还需要知道另外2个信息。请输入一下命令获取网关和目的地址。 - - netstat -nr - -接下来，去查看你路由器上的配置。（如何进行这一步主要取决于你用什么路由器，所以还是查看下说明书吧）找出你的设备通过DHCP设置了哪段ip地址。有些地址是被禁止使用的，因为有些协议中已经使用了。所以要选择没有被使用过的，例如，192.168.2.2.你的路由器会保留一个未使用的IP地址分配给想树莓派这样的设备。（如果你的路由器是Belkin，那大概就是这样） - -如果不是，你需要让树莓派知道它的新的ip地址。我们通过nano编辑器来编辑树莓派中相关的文件。 - - sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces - -将“iface eth0 inet dhcp”这一段修改成“iface eth0 inet static”，也就是将动态获取IP修改成静态IP。 - -接下来输入如下，将下列X取代成你之前所复制的IP地址。最上面的地址是我们将要把DHCP中没有使用的IP地址分配作为树莓派的静态IP地址。 - - address 192.168.2.2 - - netmask XXX.XXX.XXX.X - - network XXX.XXX.X.X - - broadcast XXX.XXX.X.X - - gateway XXX.XXX.X.X - -使用“sudo reboot”的命令重启树莓派系统后再命令行在再输入“ifconfig”，我们刚刚新设置的静态IP设置就会呈现。 - -### 4) Forwarding Ports To Raspberry Pi ### -端口转发至树莓派 - -一些Pi程序可能需要你转发一个特定的网络端口号到你的树莓派。端口是信息在互联网传送的虚拟路径。有时候你需要转发一个端口来使像树莓派的计算机可以访问互联网，即使绕过了路由器。这种情况有点像拨电话在网络上的延升。 -端口转发能够用于像树莓派网页服务器，树莓派的IP语音服务器或者简单的点对点下载。奖金65，000个端口可供选择，你可以分配不同的端口给不同的树莓派项目用来进行通信。 -默认情况下，某些端口代表着特定的应用。例如80端口默认为HTML页面，21端口默认代表文件传输协议，1194端口默认为设置VPN服务器。所以大多情况下，你需要选择一些没有被默认制定的端口号来设置。 -设置端口转发的方法完全取决于你的路由器，于是很难创建一个固定的关于设置端口转发教程。你只能阅读你路由器的说明书来定义端口和转发了。 -下面链接了几个主流路由器厂商的端口转发教程。 - -- [Belkin][10] -- [Netgear][11] -- [Linksys][12] - -### 5) Static IP For Your Pi On The Internet ### -在网络中给你的Pi设置静态IP -再次声明，如果你的运营商给了你一个静态IP，你就不需要担心这个部分了。 -我们已经给树莓派设置了一个静态的内部IP地址，这意味着在你的内部网络中总是能够连到你的树莓派。但是如果程序需要树莓派连接到互联网呢？如果你想要在你的树莓派上搭建一个Web服务器，在你网络之外的人们需要知道你的Pi在哪里，这意味着我们要来设置一个像静态IP的公有IP地址。 -我之所以说“看起来像”是因为我们已经设置了一个伪静态IP地址。通常，你所在的运营商将会继续更变。所以每一次有人连接到你的树莓派时，将要重新写脚本时，都会发现得树莓派已经移动，我们需要重新更改新的IP地址。 -我们是可以通过DDNS（即动态DNS）,这可以保持一个名称服务器得到实时更新，相关程序和树莓派就通过DDNS保持相对应。 -首先需要注册一个动态的主机服务。根据指示并创建新的名称服务器类似Yourserver.dnsdynamic.com. -接下来进入树莓派中的命令行根据下面命令来安装DDNS客户端： - - sudo apt-get install ddclient -我们需要编辑DDNS客户端配置更改新的名称服务器： - - sudo nano /etc/ddclient/ddclient.conf -每种服务配置都会有略微的不同，但是DDNS网址会告诉你需要配置相关文件中的内容。一个标准的DDNS配置，将会举例，可以从中复制和粘贴。 -由于这个文件的存在，你所在的运营商将不会停止更新树莓派的IP地址，因此我们需要设置一个守护进程在脚本的最前面以确保检查IP地址是否已经更改。 - - daemon=600 - # check every 600 seconds -这里设置的是每10分钟检查一次，这里只是一个练习。如果你设置成每秒钟检查一次，你的动态服务器应该不会接受，因为这样就像扔垃圾邮件到服务器。同事按下ctrl+x保存并退出配置文件。 -接下来，输入： - ddclient -只需要输入程序的名称就可以运行了。当你的树莓派开着的时候就会持续运行了。如果你重启树莓派，键入 “ddclient”就会重新开始运行了。 -现在你的树莓派已经被装修一番和准备了更高级的教程了，请从中获得更多乐趣吧！ - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://readwrite.com/2014/04/09/raspberry-pi-projects-ssh-remote-desktop-static-ip-tutorial#feed=/hack&awesm=~oB1b7zvteUQGOV - -译者：disylee(https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://readwrite.com/2014/03/04/raspberry-pi-quantified-fish-acquarium#awesm=~oAWz5ZbkX6w7ZL -[2]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Shell -[3]:http://www.raspbian.org/ -[4]:https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruits-raspberry-pi-lesson-3-network-setup/finding-your-pis-ip-address -[5]:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/ -[6]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daemon_(computing) -[7]:https://www.modmypi.com/blog/tutorial-how-to-give-your-raspberry-pi-a-static-ip-address -[8]:http://raspberrywebserver.com/serveradmin/get-your-raspberry-pi-web-site-on-line.html -[9]:http://portforward.com/help/portforwarding.htm -[10]:http://www.belkin.com/us/support-article?articleNum=10790 -[11]:http://kb.netgear.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/24046/~/how-do-i-configure-port-forwarding-on-routers-with-the-netgear-genie-interface%3F -[12]:http://kb.linksys.com/Linksys/ukp.aspx?pid=80&vw=1&articleid=21470 -[13]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_DNS -[14]:http://sourceforge.net/p/ddclient/wiki/Home/ -[15]:https://www.dnsdynamic.org/ -[16]:http://dnsdynamic.blog.com/2011/06/26/using-ddclient-with-dnsdynamic/ -[17]:http://readwrite.com/2014/01/21/raspberry-pi-great-projects#feed=/search?keyword=raspberry+pi&awesm=~oAWzuuuChYu9vm From 2d397ec134e05fac221fc83d7755226e6c20a943 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Frank Zhang Date: Tue, 20 May 2014 17:46:44 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 160/601] [translating] talk/Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi--Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You --- ...s. Raspberry Pi--Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi--Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md b/sources/talk/Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi--Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md index bd87a97ea6..1a7af56e3a 100644 --- a/sources/talk/Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi--Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md +++ b/sources/talk/Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi--Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +zpl1025 Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi: Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You? ================================================================================ ![](http://readwrite.com/files/styles/1400_0/public/fields/arduinopi.jpg) @@ -240,4 +241,4 @@ via: http://readwrite.com/2014/05/07/arduino-vs-raspberry-pi-projects-diy-platfo [17]:http://forum.arduino.cc/ [18]:https://learn.adafruit.com/category/learn-arduino [19]:http://www.reddit.com/r/Arduino -[20]:http://www.doctormonk.com/2012/04/raspberry-pi-and-arduino.html \ No newline at end of file +[20]:http://www.doctormonk.com/2012/04/raspberry-pi-and-arduino.html From 445e3a6cfea0d75a8bb6ff9d5a3c1d93faf92515 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Wed, 21 May 2014 08:49:06 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 161/601] Update Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md --- sources/tech/Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/tech/Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md index d000be6a7a..c12b3c2792 100644 --- a/sources/tech/Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ b/sources/tech/Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +Translating by GOLinux ... + Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04 ================================================================================ [SoundCloud][1] is a great platform to discover alternate or indi music. If you are a fan of SoundCloud, you may want to try it as a ‘desktop app’ for Ubuntu 14.04, earlier versions and other Linux distributions such as Linux Mint, Elementary OS etc. @@ -37,4 +39,4 @@ via: http://itsfoss.com/install-soundcloud-ubuntu-1404/ [1]:https://soundcloud.com/ [2]:http://itsfoss.com/install-google-keep-ubuntu-1310/ [3]:https://marketplace.firefox.com/ -[4]:http://itsfoss.com/install-spotify-ubuntu-1404/ \ No newline at end of file +[4]:http://itsfoss.com/install-spotify-ubuntu-1404/ From 6dd09992085e9c0d6cefb90c2ae24e9d4a0d3791 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Wed, 21 May 2014 09:26:20 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 162/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AUbuntu=20Is?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Now=20Running=20on=20World's=20Fastest=20Supercomputer?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md | 5 +++-- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) rename {translated/news => published}/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md (94%) diff --git a/translated/news/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md b/published/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md similarity index 94% rename from translated/news/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md rename to published/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md index cf30ac0311..dd8dc3cdd3 100644 --- a/translated/news/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md +++ b/published/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md @@ -1,5 +1,6 @@ -Ubuntu现在运行在世界最快超级计算机上Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer -================================================================================ +Ubuntu现在运行在世界最快超级计算机上 +========================================================================= + ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-Is-Now-Running-on-World-s-Fastest-Supercomputer-442733-2.jpg) **Canonical公司意图创建最常用的Linux桌面发行版，然而它也成为了最成功的服务器操作系统之一。事实上，Ubuntu Server, Ubuntu Openstack 和 Ubuntu的编制工具Juju，正在运行在世界上最强的超级计算机上。** From c22ff7ddc76ac90ea0f9f66f05a1a718aa621c5e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: GOLinux Date: Wed, 21 May 2014 09:55:32 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 163/601] Translated:Install SoundCloud in Ubuntu 14.04.md --- .../Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md | 40 ------------------- .../Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md | 36 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md diff --git a/sources/tech/Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/tech/Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md deleted file mode 100644 index d000be6a7a..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,40 +0,0 @@ -Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04 -================================================================================ -[SoundCloud][1] is a great platform to discover alternate or indi music. If you are a fan of SoundCloud, you may want to try it as a ‘desktop app’ for Ubuntu 14.04, earlier versions and other Linux distributions such as Linux Mint, Elementary OS etc. - -To **install SoundCloud in Ubuntu 14.04**, we shall use the same trick which we used to [install Google Keep in Ubuntu][2]. We used Google Chrome to install Google Keep and this time we’ll use Firefox to install SoundCloud. - -### Install SoundCloud in Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint: ### - -Since Ubuntu (and most other Linux distributions) come pre-installed with Ubuntu, just open Firefox and go to the following address: [https://marketplace.firefox.com/][3] - -Firefox Marketplace is Firefox alternative of Chrome store and provides several apps meant for Firefox smartphone OS, as well as Firefox web browser. Search for SoundCloud in Firefox Marketplace. Click on install to install it and add is as a web app in Ubuntu. - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Firefox_SoundClud.jpeg) - -Once it’s done, you can start the SoundCloud desktop app by searching for it in Unity Dash. Here is how the app looks like in Ubuntu 14.04 Unity: - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/SoundCloud_Ubuntu.jpeg) - -### Uninstall SoundCloud app installed from Firefox Marketplace ### - -Don’t be over excited. This desktop doesn’t have sound menu integration and I cannot say the same about desktop notification but it is still better than the web one, at least I think so. But if you are disappointed with it and uninstall it, it’s very easy to do so in Ubuntu. - -Run SoundCloud, **right click** on its icon in Unity Launcher and click **unintsall app**. - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Uninstall_SoundCloud_Ubuntu.jpeg) - -I am not much of a SoundCloud fan. I prefer [installing Spotify in Ubuntu][4] over any other streaming music app. What about you? - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://itsfoss.com/install-soundcloud-ubuntu-1404/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:https://soundcloud.com/ -[2]:http://itsfoss.com/install-google-keep-ubuntu-1310/ -[3]:https://marketplace.firefox.com/ -[4]:http://itsfoss.com/install-spotify-ubuntu-1404/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/tech/Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md b/translated/tech/Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..19a7b37f80 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +Ubuntu 14.04安装声云（SoundCloud） +================================================================================ +[SoundCloud][1]是一个发现交流音乐或印地音乐的很棒的平台。如果你是声云（SoundCloud）的粉丝，你可以在Ubuntu 14.04，或者其早期版本以及Linux Mint、Elementary OS等其它Linux发行版中作为“桌面应用”来尝试。 + +要**在Ubuntu 14.04中安装声云（SoundCloud）**，我们将使用与[在Ubuntu中安装Google Keep][2]相同的方法来安装。上次我们使用Google Chrome来安装Google Keep，而这次我们将使用Firefox来安装声云（SoundCloud）。 +### 在Ubuntu 14.04和Linux Mint中安装声云（SoundCloud）： ### +由于Ubuntu（以及大多数其它Linux发行版）预装了Firefox，只需打开Firefox并转到该地址：[https://marketplace.firefox.com/][3]。 + +Firefox应用市场是Chrome商店的替代品，里面提供了一些用于Firefox智能手机OS的应用，和Firefox网页浏览器一样。在Firefox应用市场中搜索声云（SoundCloud），点击安装（install）来安装，并作为Web应用添加到Ubuntu中。 +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Firefox_SoundClud.jpeg) + +一旦完成，你可以通过在Unity Dash中搜索声云（SoundCloud）应用来启动它。下图展示了Ubuntu 14.04 Unity中该应用的外观： + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/SoundCloud_Ubuntu.jpeg) + +### 卸载从Firefox应用市场安装的声云（SoundCloud）应用 ### +不要过于兴奋了。该桌面没有整合声音菜单，我也不能对桌面通知持相同看法，但是这的确比Web应用要好，至少我是这么认为的。但是如果你感到不满意，那么就卸载它吧，这在Ubuntu中也很容易。 + +运行声云（SoundCloud），在Unity启动器上**右击**声云（SoundCloud）图标，然后点击**卸载应用（uninstall app）**。 + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Uninstall_SoundCloud_Ubuntu.jpeg) + +我不是一个十足的声云（SoundCloud）粉丝。我更喜欢[在Ubuntu中安装声破天（Spotify）][4]超过任何其它流媒体音乐应用。而你呢？ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://itsfoss.com/install-soundcloud-ubuntu-1404/ + +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://soundcloud.com/ +[2]:http://itsfoss.com/install-google-keep-ubuntu-1310/ +[3]:https://marketplace.firefox.com/ +[4]:http://itsfoss.com/install-spotify-ubuntu-1404/ \ No newline at end of file From 4a8d8cb7220c0e4c343eea421663f59b8b2b1823 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Wed, 21 May 2014 10:25:36 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 164/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9ATorvalds=20I?= =?UTF-8?q?s=20Unconvinced=20By=20LTO'ing=20A=20Linux=20Kernel?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...s Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel.md | 37 +++++++++++++++++ ...s Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel.md | 40 ------------------- 2 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/Torvalds Is Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel.md delete mode 100644 translated/news/Torvalds Is Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel.md diff --git a/published/Torvalds Is Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel.md b/published/Torvalds Is Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0c54445f31 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/Torvalds Is Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ + +Linus对支持链接时优化(LTO)的Linux内核并不看好 +================================================================================ +之前，用于[启用Linux 3.15内核的实验LTO支持][1]的补丁已经发布了一个PR（上拉请求），但Linus Torvalds 还没有决定他是否会接受这段代码到上游的Linux内核…… Linus 仍然没看到链接时优化内核（LTO：ink-time optimizations）的好处，也不确认这段代码是否已准备好放入主干中。 + +[LTO的Linux kernel][2]有一个好处是，可以减小Linux内核镜像的大小，而且更快和更高效。在GCC中配合使用LTO会使整个程序在链接阶段就实现整个的二进制优化。先前的结果表明，一个LTO的内核可以减少超过10％的尺寸大小，并且内核优化后比常规的内核快百分之几，但是它目前的问题是需要占用更多的系统内存以及更长的编译时间。 + +这个推送给Linux 3.15 LTO Kconfig的PR，希望在下一个内核版本中的增加一个实验性选项。作为回复，Linus Torvalds[写道][3]: + +> 到目前为止，我有几个不进行合并的原因(“实验性太强，我们甚至不希望鼓励人们去测试它”，以及“它不是完全可靠，并且使得编译时间变的**很长**"). +> +> 而且至今没有人真正和我讨论过，为什么我*应该*合并它（译注：Linus的意思是说其实没有人真正知道，并且讨论合并LTO的理由）。 +> +>如上，我是这样觉得的，这让我多少动力去合并它。 +> +>所以我认为我应该让“子弹飞一会儿”，_直到_人们开始讨论它带来的好处。最终的结果是到底可以小到什么程度呢？快到什么程度呢？能干的多漂亮呢？是否会有新的更酷的东西出现？那些很酷的事情真地快要来到了吗？真的希望这个可以被合并，甚至在还没完全准备好的情况下？ +> +>所以，请说服我。Andi？ +> +> Linus + +作为对Linus的关注的回应，LTO内核变得尺寸更小了，通过把未使用代码的自动淘汰，它们减少了对许多低级Kconfig符号的需要、减少了所需的配置选项的数目。来自Tim bird的几个报告显示，在ARM上带有LTO配置的内核可以减少11％的尺寸，而其他用户甚至最多减少了30％。也有报告称系统调用减少了约4％。基准测试的结果根据测试负载有所差异，但一般都有几个百分点的提升。 + +如今，Linux内核是否支持[链接时优化][4]仍然在讨论，Linus 是否愿意合并此实验性功能到Linux 3.15还不明朗。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTY1OTg + +译者：[owen-carter](https://github.com/owen-carter) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTY1ODA +[2]:http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTY0OTc +[3]:http://lkml.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/1404.1/00275.html +[4]:http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=search&q=link-time+optimization \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/news/Torvalds Is Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel.md b/translated/news/Torvalds Is Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel.md deleted file mode 100644 index c28b596b56..0000000000 --- a/translated/news/Torvalds Is Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,40 +0,0 @@ -owen-carter translating -托沃兹对LTO'ing Linux内核并不乐观 -================================================================================ -昨天，补丁已经通过一个上拉请求而发布[启用了Linux 3.15内核实验LTO支持][1]，但Linus Torvalds还没有决定他是否会接受这段代码中的上游Linux内核...莱纳斯还没有见到在链接时优化内核的好处，是不知道这段代码是否已准备好待mainlined。 - -[LTO'ing the Linux kernel][2] 具有减小伴随生成一个更快和更高效的二进制Linux内核镜像的大小的优势。在GCC链接时就进行优化从而使整个程序在链接阶 -段就实现整个的二进制优化。先前的结果表明，一个LTO'ed内核可以是较小的超过10％的大小和百分之几更快通过优化内核以这种方式，但是它目前的问题是导致了更大的系统内存使用和更长的编译过程。 - -在应对Linux的3.15 LTO的Kconfig拉的请求后，将使它成为实验性的选项为下一个内核版本，Linus Torvalds[wrote][3]: - -> 所以现在，我看到了好几个不进行合并的原因("它是如此的实验性，我们甚至不希望鼓励人们去测试它”，因为目前“它不是完全充实并且使得编译时间变的更长"). -> -> 而且至今没有人真正谈过为什么我 *应该* 合并它（Linus的意思是说其实没有人真正知道并且谈过合并LTO的理由）。 -> ->我觉得这个并没有激起我多少热情。 -> ->所以我想我会让这个等待的时间尽量长一点，直到人们开始谈论有利的一面。最终的结果是到底可以小到什么程度呢？快到什么程度呢？漂亮到何种 -境地呢？这会让那些新的很酷的事情成为可能吗？那些很酷的事情真地快要来到了吗？真的希望这个可以被合并，尽管这不是真的准备好了？ -> ->所以，请说服我。安迪！ -> -> Linus - -为了回应Torvalds的关注，响应的结果是LTO内核具有了更小的尺寸，它们减少了对许多低级别的Kconfig符号/减少所需的配置选项的数目，因为未使用的代码可以自动被淘汰，大量由Tim bird得到的报告显示一个11％的二进制减少在ARM与LTO配置中，而其他用户可以看到向上减少30％。还有的甚至减少 -约4％，系统调用了LTO内核的报告。基准测试的结果根据测试工作量有所差异，但可以从一般是几个百分点的进步看到确实得到了改善。 - -如今， [link-time optimization][4] 是否被Linux内核所支持，该决策仍在与莱纳斯尚未明朗的想法中，他是否愿意合并此实验性功能的Linux 3.15或不做讨论。 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTY1OTg - -译者：[owen-carter](https://github.com/owen-carter) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTY1ODA -[2]:http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTY0OTc -[3]:http://lkml.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/1404.1/00275.html -[4]:http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=search&q=link-time+optimization \ No newline at end of file From c59c2d834f222722713e095dee2197a4d821b998 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Wed, 21 May 2014 11:28:24 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 165/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AHow=20To=20D?= =?UTF-8?q?isable=20UEFI=20Secure=20Boot=20In=20Windows=208=20&=208.1?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ble UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md | 26 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md (58%) diff --git a/translated/tech/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md b/published/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md similarity index 58% rename from translated/tech/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md rename to published/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md index 1c65e4cdf1..a89fbc28c6 100644 --- a/translated/tech/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md +++ b/published/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md @@ -1,16 +1,16 @@ -如何在 Windows 8 & 8.1 上禁用 UEFI 安全验证 +如何在 Win8 上禁用 UEFI 以安装Linux ================================================================================ ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Disable_Secure_Boot_Windows8_UEFI.jpeg) 现在，如果你买了预装 Windows 的电脑，一般都是 Windows8 或 Windows8.1。从 Windows8 开始，微软用 UEFI 取代了 BIOS。尽管 UEFI 不是微软发明的，在 Windows8 之前它就已经存在。比如某些 Mac 设备使用 UEFI 已经有一段时间了。 -UEFI 有“安全启动”这个特点，引导程序只会启动那些得到 UEFI 固件签署的引导装载程序。此安全功能可以防止 Rootkit 类的恶意软件，并提供了额外的安全层。但它有一个缺点，如果你想在 Linux 的电脑上启动 Windows8，安全机制将会制止他。因此，我们建议**禁用安全启动，来让 Windows 8 支持 Linux 的双系统启动**。 +UEFI 有“安全启动”这个特点，引导程序只会启动那些得到 UEFI 固件签署的引导装载程序。此安全功能可以防止 Rootkit 类的恶意软件，并提供了额外的安全层。但它有一个缺点，如果你想在 Win8的电脑上双引导 Linux ，安全机制会阻止这样做。这篇文章告诉大家如何在Win8中禁用UEFI安全引导，以支持 Linux 的双系统启动。 -### 在Windows 8 & 8.1上禁用UEFI安全验证 ### +### 在Windows 8 & 8.1上禁用UEFI安全启动 ### -关于安全启动，充斥着各种各样的杂音。由于这些传闻，有些人几乎认为在预装 Windows8 的电脑上启动 Linux 是不可能的，虽然在 ARM 上这是真的。但是安全引导可以在基于 Intel 的系统上被禁用。老实说，**禁用UEFI安全启动**不是一个艰巨的任务，同样的双启动的 Linux 与 Windows 8 也不是。 +关于安全启动，充斥着各种各样的说法。由于这些传闻，有些人几乎认为在预装 Windows8 的电脑上启动 Linux 是不可能的。虽然在 ARM PC上这是真的，但是在基于 Intel 的系统上安全引导是可以被禁用的。老实说，**禁用UEFI安全启动**不是一个艰巨的任务，同样的双启动的 Linux 与 Windows 8 也不是。 -虽然在当年 BIOS 时，这是相当简单的，在启动的时候按 F10 或 F12 键即可。但是在 UEFI 的世界里，就不一样了。要访问 UEFI 设置，你就必须到 Windows 中去。让我们来看看如何访问 UEFI 设置来禁用 Windows8 安全启动。 +虽然在 BIOS 时代，访问 BIOS 是相当简单的，在启动的时候按 F10 或 F12 键即可。但是在 UEFI 的世界里，就不一样了。要访问 UEFI 设置，你就必须进入到 Windows 中去。让我们来看看如何在 Windows 8 中访问 UEFI 设置来禁用安全启动。 #### Step 1: 进入PC设置 #### @@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ UEFI 有“安全启动”这个特点，引导程序只会启动那些得到 UE #### Step 2: 进入高级启动 #### -在 Windows 8 和 Windows8.1 上，PC设置有一个细微的差别。依照你使用的系统，你需要分别按照下面介绍的各个步骤进行操作： +在 Windows 8 和 Windows8.1 上，PC设置有一个细微的差别。依照你使用的系统不同，分别按照下面介绍的各个步骤进行操作： -Windows 8的：在Windows 8中，你需要进入一般的PC设置，并选择**高级启动**，然后点击**立即重新启动：** +Windows 8的：在Windows 8中，你需要进入通用PC设置，并选择**高级启动**，然后点击**立即重新启动：** ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Change_PC_Settings_Windows8.jpg) @@ -34,11 +34,11 @@ Windows 8的：在Windows 8中，你需要进入一般的PC设置，并选择** ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Disable_Secure_Boot_Windows8_3.jpeg) -不要担心！这之后也不会立刻重新启动，而是会提供一些选项，你将在下次开机看到的。 +不要担心！这之后并不会立刻重新启动，而是会在下一步看到一些选项。 #### Step 4: 进入UEFI设置 #### -当您单击立即重新启动按钮，在下一页屏幕中，你将会看到一些选项来从中选择。这里选择**疑难解答**： +当您单击了立即重新启动按钮，在下一页屏幕中，你将会看到一些可以选择的选项。这里选择**疑难解答**： ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Troubleshoot_Windows8.jpg) @@ -50,19 +50,19 @@ Windows 8的：在Windows 8中，你需要进入一般的PC设置，并选择** ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Troubleshoot_Windows8_2.jpg) -接下来，在UEFI设置里，点击**重新启动**按钮重新启动您的系统，就像之前在BIOS中做的一样。 +接下来，在UEFI设置里，点击**重新启动**按钮重新启动您的系统，就会看到类似BIOS一样的界面。 ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Troubleshoot_Windows8_3.jpg) #### Step 5: 在 UEFI 中禁用安全启动 #### -这个时候，你必须已经启动到 UEFI 工具。你可以在这里更改各种设置，但所有我们想要做的，就是禁用安全启动选项，允许 Ubuntu 或者任何其它 Linux 版本的双启动。 +这个时候，你一定已经启动到 UEFI 工具界面。你可以在这里更改各种设置。但我们想要做的，只是禁用安全启动选项，允许 Ubuntu 或者任何其它 Linux 版本的双启动。 -移动到启动选项卡，在那里你会发现**安全引导**选项被设置为启用。使用箭头键进入安全引导选项，然后按**进入**来选择它。 *使用+或 - 来改变它的值。**确认提示时。按** F10 键保存更改**并退出 UEFI 设置。 +移动到启动选项卡，在那里你会发现**安全引导**选项被设置为启用。使用箭头键进入安全引导选项，然后按**回车键**来选择它。 *使用+或 - 来改变它的值。按** F10 键保存更改**并退出 UEFI 设置。**提示时确认即可**。 ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Disable_Secure_Boot_Windows8.jpg) -接下来，您将到 Windows 正常开机。现在，您应该可以双启动 Windows8 与 Ubuntu 或其它 Linux 操作系统。在未来的日子里我会写关于如何双启动 Ubuntu 与 Windows 8 UEFI 的教程。敬请关注。 +接下来，您将会正常引导到 Windows。现在，您就支持双启动 Windows8 与 Ubuntu 或其它 Linux 操作系统了。过段时间里我会写关于如何双启动 Ubuntu 与 Windows 8 UEFI 的教程。敬请关注。 我希望这个教程可以帮助您禁用 Windows8 和 Windows8.1 的安全引导。如有任何疑问或建议，欢迎随时评论。 From 90b21c979c1e9f3b46233cceff8276158c39361b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Wed, 21 May 2014 13:52:19 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 166/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140521-1=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ed Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md | 38 ++++++++++++++++ ...nux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md | 45 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 83 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md create mode 100644 sources/news/Native Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md diff --git a/sources/news/Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md b/sources/news/Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..75b02ec72c --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux +================================================================================ +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Screen-Shot-2014-05-21-at-00.00.22.png) + +**After what feels like forever in the making, Google has today released the first stable version of Chrome for Linux to use Aura, the search giant’s in-house graphics stack. ** + +Aura, which replaces GTK+, is used to draw the bulk of the Chrome UI on screen, including menus and window frames (and yes, it works fine with both locally integrated and global menus). + +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Screen-Shot-2014-05-21-at-00.18.15.png) + +The “shell” is already in use on Windows and Chrome OS builds and, as it’s largely cross-platform, enables Google to develop new features faster and ensure feature parity across different operating systems. + +An accelerated interface, Aura is better able to leverage GPU features in Chrome/Chromium on Linux than GTK+ builds. Notably, it is able to use OpenGL on a per-window rather than per-tab basis. + +Its arrival also brings additional features to the desktop, including the Chrome Notification Centre, [an optional App Launcher][1] and support for displaying select Google Now cards. + +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/aura.jpg) + +### Other Changes ### + +Chrome 35 stable also comes loaded with a bunch of cross platform changes, including a number of new extension APIs for developers to toy around with; new touch input controls; and undefined ‘new JavaScript features’. + +As with every release there are a bunch of stability, performance and security updates bundled in. + +To download Google Chrome 35 for Linux just hit the button below. + +- [Download Google Chrome][2] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/google-chrome-35-linux-arrives-aura + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://chrome.google.com/webstore/launcher +[2]:https://www.google.com/chrome/browser/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/news/Native Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md b/sources/news/Native Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..20db3807dc --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/Native Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +Native Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design +================================================================================ +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/spotify.jpg) + +**Spotify for Linux has been updated with the same flatter, darker design that the streaming service brought to its apps on other platforms last month. ** + +Steely grey gradients and expansive swathes of white have given way to a colour scheme based on black, black and slightly lighter black. Even the company’s trademark green hasn’t been spared the overhaul, with its use now limited to the odd flourish here and there. + +> ‘Spotify say the design puts the emphasis squarely on content’ + +Rounded elements have been introduced on artist and profile photos, while navigation and player controls buttons have been given iOS 7-style thin line makeovers. + +Spotify say the design puts the emphasis squarely on content, likening the new look to “*a cinema when you dim the lights.*” + +Aside from the changes staring you in the face there are a couple under the hood that you might otherwise miss. These include the use of OpenSSL 1.0.x, working local music playback using *libavcodec54* and support for native system notifications on track change. + +For now, 32-bit builds are not available. + +The native, if eternally-in-preview, Spotify client for Linux **supports free and subscription accounts**. + +### Install Spotify ### + +To install Spotify on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS open a new terminal and enter the following commands. + +The first adds the official Spotify repository to your software sources list: + + sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://repository.spotify.com stable non-free" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/spotify.list' + +Add the secure key for the repository to prevent errors being thrown up: + + sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 94558F59 + +Finally, update and install the application: + + sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install spotify-client-qt + +Launch the app from the Dash once installation has completed. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/spotify-linux-preview-update-new-design + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file From ae86317ee430dcd8152a5306ca101b66ac75bf4b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Wed, 21 May 2014 13:58:40 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 167/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140521-2=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md | 37 +++++++++++++++ ...3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md | 45 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 82 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md diff --git a/sources/news/Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md b/sources/news/Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3757d3ee62 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk +================================================================================ +Ubuntu has several official flavors based on different desktop environments. The default Ubuntu comes with Unity desktop where as Kubuntu is with [KDE][1], Lubuntu with [LXDE][2], Xubuntu with [Xfce][3]. There are some other flavors as well but these are the most popular official desktop flavors. + +How do you choose which Ubuntu is the best for you? One way is to download the ISO of the Ubuntu flavor and [give it a run via live USB][4]. But that would mean downloading several ISOs and writing them one by one in USB/disk. A little tiresome, isn’t it? + +This is where [Ubuntu AIO][5] (all in one) DVD comes in picture. A project started by some members of [Start Ubuntu][6] team, Ubuntu AIO DVD lets you try Ubuntu Unity, Lubuntu, Xubuntu, Kubuntu and Ubuntu Gnome in one single live disk. + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Ubuntu-AIO-DVD.jpg) + +Of course there are few downside of Ubuntu AIO. First it’s too big in size, around 4.7 GB. It won’t fit on a standard 4GB USB key. Further it has only 64 bit version of Ubuntu, Kubuntu and Ubuntu Gnome and only 32 bit version of Xubuntu and Lubuntu. Despite the shortcomings, it’s a nice effort to ease selection of the apt Ubuntu. + +Download Ubuntu AIO DVD + +- [Sourceforge][7] +- [Softpedia][8] + +Read more about the project [here][9] + +Enjoy! +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-aio-dvd-puts-ubuntu-1404-flavors-disk/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.kde.org/ +[2]:http://lxde.org/ +[3]:http://www.xfce.org/ +[4]:http://itsfoss.com/create-live-usb-of-ubuntu-in-windows/ +[5]:http://ubuntuaio.wordpress.com/about-us/ +[6]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/StartUbuntu +[7]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/ubuntuaiodvd/ +[8]:http://linux.softpedia.com/get/Linux-Distributions/Ubuntu-AIO-DVD-103429.shtml +[9]:http://ubuntuaio.wordpress.com/about-us/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md b/sources/tech/Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fd67755edc --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro/Arch Linux +================================================================================ +[Sublime Text 3][1] is currently in beta. The latest build is 3059. We are going to install Sublime Text 3 build 3059 from AUR, from AUR. + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Sublime_text_3_manjaro.png) + +Open terminal and run the command below, follow the Y/N questions to continue. + + sudo yaourt -S sublime-text-dev + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sublime_text_3_AUR.png) + + loading packages... + resolving dependencies... + looking for inter-conflicts... + Packages (1): sublime-text-dev-3.3059-1 + Total Installed Size: 16.02 MiB + :: Proceed with installation? [Y/n] y + (1/1) checking keys in keyring [########################################] 100% + (1/1) checking package integrity [########################################] 100% + (1/1) loading package files [########################################] 100% + (1/1) checking for file conflicts [########################################] 100% + (1/1) checking available disk space [########################################] 100% + (1/1) installing sublime-text-dev [########################################] 100% + +---------- + + ==> sublime-text-dev install/upgrade note: + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + To disable in-application reminders about new Sublime Text dev versions, + add the following setting to your User Preferences file: + "update_check": false + ------------------------------------------------------------------ + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sublime_text_3.png) + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.unixmen.com/install-sublime-text-3-build-3059-manjaroarch-linux/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.sublimetext.com/3 \ No newline at end of file From cf24ecf631c28d3d7b04f96eb3db41a546776324 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Wed, 21 May 2014 14:13:11 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 168/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140521-3=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...erently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md | 70 +++++++ ...e ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md | 193 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 263 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md diff --git a/sources/tech/How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md b/sources/tech/How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f34554c90f --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop +================================================================================ +The biggest complaint you can hear those days about Ubuntu is the new Unity interface. I remember leaving for Archlinux precisely when Unity started to rise, and when it was made clear that it was here to stay. However, Unity indirectly has led to good consequences: it allowed other distributions and other desktop environments to become more prominent as people were unhappy with it. If your system can support it, no one is against a bit of eye candy. + +So today I shall propose you a different type of application launcher which is definitely original: Gnome-Pie. Some of you may recognize the inspiration from the World of Warcraft addon "OPie." The concept is similar: a keyboard shortcut opens a circular "pie" from which you can select an application or a command to launch. The main idea behind that design is that a user does not have to remember the name of a command, but its direction. The fact that it is circular makes every application at the same distance from the pointer. Plus we get the combo that so many gamers adopted: left hand on the keyboard and right hand on the mouse. The two combined intend to minimize the amount of time needed and maximize the ergonomy. + +### Gnome-Pie Installation ### + +On Ubuntu, Gnome-Pie is available from the universe repository, but for some reason this version crashes at startup. Instead, I advise you to get it from the official PPA repository: + + $ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:simonschneegans/testing + $ sudo apt-get update + $ sudo apt-get install gnome-pie + +On Fedora, use this command to install it: + + $ sudo yum install gnome-pie + +For Archlinux, the package is on [AUR][1]. + +### Basic Usage of Gnome-Pie ### + +By default, Gnome-Pie comes with a very decent initial configuration. The first pie, summoned with Ctrl+Alt+a, displays your system's basic applications. + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2917/14040269128_6dc6544c14_z.jpg) + +The second pie, associated with Ctrl+Alt+b, brings your file manager's bookmarks. + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2903/14040269088_8de29edd18.jpg) + +The third pie is maybe the most useful as it displays your application menu, callable by Ctrl+Alt+Space. + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2903/14040345657_071f40b22f_z.jpg) + +The fourth pie is exclusively to control the music player. As you can guess, the shortcut is Ctrl+Alt+m. + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2925/14226915065_8b0e3841c6_o.png) + +The fifth pie is a quick access to the reboot, shutdown, and log out commands (with Ctrl+Alt+q, q for quit I suppose). + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2931/14040303600_5b3a517335_o.png) + +Finally, the sixth pie controls the windows, allowing you to minimize, scale, close, etc. And of course, the shortcut is Ctrl+Alt+w. + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2904/14226699514_42d364a4d4_o.png) + +I find this default setup already pretty satisfactory, almost as good as an out-of-the-box launcher. However, if I wanted to be picky, I would say that some shortcuts are hard to perform with just one hand, and it is kind of frustrating to use two hands to call a pie, and then go back to the mouse to select the option. But again I am being picky. + +However, we are on Linux! Who cares about the default? The whole point is to configure like crazy, and make the system our own. With Gnome-Pie, you are well served. The configuration screen lets you edit the current pies, change the shortcuts, select the icons, make your own pie, change the theme, and even make pie menu that summons another pie. + +[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5508/14247093043_1fe1188709_z.jpg)][2] + +You can even edit the pie to launch an URL, simulate a hotkey activation, or just your own command. The only thing that is potentially missing is the possibility to have widgets. + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2927/14040264609_b7aa66f078_z.jpg) + +In conclusion, Gnome-Pie is a quite attractive visual application launcher which differs from traditional text-based launchers. I really like the combo left hand on the keyboard and right hand on the mouse, which does indeed remind me of Warcraft or even Leagues of Legend. If players adopted this kind of system, it is because it is convenient and efficient. I would even advise it if you are trying to save some space on the screen, and don't want a launcher constantly on the screen. As a last word, I would even dare to say that it provides an interesting alternative to the awesome Gnome-Do. + +What do you think? Do you believe in eye candy at all? Or is Gnome-Pie out of the question since the new Gnome shell entered the competition? Please let us know in the comments. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/launch-applications-differently-gnome-pie-linux-desktop.html + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/gnome-pie/ +[2]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14247093043/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md b/sources/tech/How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fb56f22dc3 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md @@ -0,0 +1,193 @@ +How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM +================================================================================ +A typical network/system admin is responsible for managing one or more subnets within the network under control. For example, when a LAN segment is assigned a /24 subnet, a total of 254 IP addresses can be used for different purposes. To keep track of what IP addresses are assigned to which hosts, some sort of documentation is needed. The easiest way to do it would be maintaining a single spreadsheet which documents IP address allocation information. This works like a charm for a small network with only one admin. However, relying on a spreadsheet is not convenient and can be error-prone with multiple large networks. Worse, if there are multiple admins involved, updating the spreadsheet could be tricky as each admin could often end up with different versions of the document. + +One way to manage IP address allocations more systematically is using a web based IP address management tool. Not only can the web based tool be accessed from anywhere, but a backend database also ensures that all updates to the database are properly synchronized and applied in real time. While there are many web applications available, we will be focusing on setting up [phpIPAM][1] (IP Address Manager) in this tutorial. phpIPAM is an open source, efficient IP address management application with the following features. + +- Support for both IPv4 and IPv6 (unlike many other tools, IPv6 support is very good) +- Built in IPv4 and IPv6 calculator +- Supports CIDR notations +- MySQL support +- Nested subnets +- User/group based permissions +- Visual reporting tool +- Import/export using .xls files +- Device, VRF, and VLAN support +- Powerful search engine +- Email notifications +- Supports AD/LDAP based authentication + +The demo site for phpIPAM is available at [http://demo.phpipam.net][2]. + +In this tutorial, we will be **setting up phpIPAM along with Apache web server in the Ubuntu environment**. + +### Installing phpIPAM on Ubuntu ### + +First of all, install required packages using apt-get. + + # apt-get install apache2 mysql-server php5 php5-gmp php-pear php5-mysql php5-ldap wget + +If MySQL has been installed for the first time, please set the root password using the following command. + + # mysqladmin -u root password NEWPASSWORD + +phpIPAM can be set up with any web server directory. We will set it up in the /phpipam/ sub directory under the root directory of Apache web server. + +Download phpIPAM package. + + # wget http://kent.dl.sourceforge.net/project/phpipam/phpipam-1.0.tar + +Extract the package into the web server directory. + + # cp phpipam-1.0.tar /var/www/ + # cp /var/www/ + # tar xvf phpipam-1.0.tar + # rm phpipam-1.0.tar + +Now, specify the MySQL username and password, as well as its base directory. + + # vim /var/www/phpipam/config.php + +---------- + + $db['host'] = "localhost"; + + ## MySQL user for ipam ## + $db['user'] = "phpipam"; + + ## password for the MySQL user ## + $db['pass'] = "phpipamadmin"; + + ## database for MySQL ## + $db['name'] = "phpipam"; + + ## base directory ## + define('BASE', "/phpipam/"); + +The base directory needs to be defined in the provided .htaccess file. + + # vim /var/www/phpipam/.htaccess + +> RewriteBase /phpipam/ + +### Preparing Apache Web Server ### + +phpIPAM needs the rewrite module for operation. The module can be enabled in an Ubuntu or Debian machine using a2enmod command as follows. + + # a2enmod rewrite + +Next, Apache's default configuration needs to be changed as well. Please add/modify your configuration to look like the one below. + + # vim /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default + +---------- + + + Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews + AllowOverride all + Order allow,deny + allow from all + + +Finally, restart Apache web service. + + # service apache2 restart + +### Finalizing Installation ### + +We can finalize the installation of phpIPAM by using the web browser. Pointing the browser to the URL: http:///phpIPAM will show the following phpIPAM installation page. We can proceed to automatic database installation. + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2928/14216904555_0095bf048f_z.jpg) + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2934/14193740116_afc44b8338_z.jpg) + +Now phpIPAM should be up and running. We can login using the following default credentials. + +- **URL**: http:///phpipam +- **User**: Admin +- **Pass**: ipamadmin + +### Manage IP Addresses with phpIPAM ### + +In the rest of the tutorial, we will walk you through how to manage subnets and IP addresses with phpIPAM. + +#### Creating a section #### + +Let us start by adding a section for our network. Click on Administration > Sections. + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2926/14213603451_3c2918805c.jpg) + +Click on "Add Section". Now we can name our section as we want it to be displayed. Fill in the details of the section. + +[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5195/14030287410_3d07a582ce_z.jpg)][3] + +#### Creating a subnet #### + +Next, we add a new subnet 172.16.1.0/24 under the section 'Our Network'. Click on Our Network > Add Subnet + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2925/14213603401_e16917bb7a_z.jpg) + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2937/14216715144_0427165702_z.jpg) + +Now we can easily add IP addresses in the subnet. One method of adding IP addresses is to add them one by one. phpIPAM provides an alternative method to scan all the hosts and add them automatically without much hassle. It can scan the local subnet located in the same broadcast domain, as well as remote subnets reachable through routing. After selecting a subnet, click on 'scan subnet for new hosts' to scan IP addresses as shown below. + +[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5157/14193740006_ac2a01a3aa_o.png)][4] + +After the scan is performed, the discovered IP addresses can be added into the database by clicking the 'Add discovered hosts' button at the bottom. + +#### Creating an IPv6 subnet #### + +IPv6 subnets can also be created in a similar process. We specify the IPv6 network as showed in the screenshot. + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2922/14216715104_de8008bf94_z.jpg) + +All the tools available for IPv4 can be used for IPv6 as well. + +#### Creating a nested subnet #### + +phpIPAM also provides the option of creating nested subnets for both IPv4 and IPv6. For example, we will be dividing our IP block 172.16.1.0/24 into 4 smaller subnets (/26), each for a specific department within the organization. After selecting the /24 subnet, we can create a nested subnet using the 'Add a new nested subnet' button. The screenshot below shows the icon for adding a nested subnet. + +[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5272/14030318447_66e4511cd6_o.png)][5] + +After all the subnets have been created, we should have similar output. Following is a nested subnet preview window. + +[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5231/14216904305_5af77616f7_z.jpg)][6] + +#### Adding users and groups #### + +First, we will create a group with READ/WRITE permission to the section 'Our network'. This can be done by selecting Administration > Groups > Create Group. + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2899/14030230539_73b1d5f7d4_z.jpg) + +Now that the group has been created, we modify section permission by selecting Administration > Sections, and then editing the section. + +[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5489/14193739966_11a244e23b_z.jpg)][7] + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2930/14030230519_597088ba26_z.jpg) + +We will create a user named 'user1'. We will add the user to the group 'Demonstration group' so that it inherits all necessary permissions from the group. We start by clicking on Administration > Users > Create user. + +[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5585/14214506012_a581eef7de_z.jpg)][8] + +Now we can log in as this user and add/modify IP addresses under the section 'Our network'. + +To sum up, phpIPAM is a versatile IP address management tool that can be used for both IPv4 and IPv6. This tutorial focused on the basics that can help you get started. Be sure to test with all the available features like using IP address calculator, adding devices, VLANs and VRFs, and import/export using xls. + +Hope this helps. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/manage-ip-addresses-subnets-phpipam.html + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://phpipam.net/ +[2]:http://demo.phpipam.net/ +[3]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14030287410/ +[4]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14193740006/ +[5]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14030318447/ +[6]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14216904305/ +[7]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14193739966/ +[8]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14214506012/ \ No newline at end of file From 6534e42976cb4d8ef7d76e23b34a6d8e263dbb34 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Wed, 21 May 2014 14:19:02 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 169/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140521-4=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...p 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md | 54 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 54 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md diff --git a/sources/talk/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md b/sources/talk/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..633d28333f --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java! +================================================================================ +![NoSQL Databases, Java, Terrastore, Neo4j, Voldemort, HBase, InfoGrid, HyperGraphDB, Perst, NeoDatis ODB](http://www.efytimes.com/admin/useradmin/photo/R6eL24207PM5202014.jpg) + +NoSQL is picking up. Many enterprises and developers have already replaced their MySQL databases with the NoSQL version. NoSQL makes it easier to analyse unstructured data, as such developers must be aware of the latest trends and tools that exist in the world of NoSQL. + +#### 1.[Terrastore][1] #### + +Modern document store which provides advanced scalability and elasticity features without sacrificing consistency. Terrastore is based on Terracotta, so it relies on an industry-proven, fast (and cool) clustering technology. + +#### 2.[Neo4j][2] #### + +Open-source graph database, implemented in Java. The developers describe Neo4j as "embedded, disk-based, fully transactional Java persistence engine that stores data structured in graphs rather than in tables". + +#### 3.[Voldemort][3] #### + +Distributed key-value storage system. It is basically just a big, distributed, persistent, fault-tolerant hash table. For applications that can use an O/R mapper like active-record or hibernate this will provide horizontal scalability and much higher availability but at great loss of convenience. + +#### 4.[HBase][4] #### + +Apache HBase is an open-source, distributed, versioned, non-relational database modeled after Google's Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data by Chang et al. + +#### 5.[InfoGrid][5] #### + +Web Graph Database with a many additional software components that make the development of REST-ful web applications on a graph foundation easy. + +#### 6.[HyperGraphDB][6] #### + +General purpose, extensible, portable, distributed, embeddable, open-source data storage mechanism. It is a graph database designed specifically for artificial intelligence and semantic web projects, it can also be used as an embedded object-oriented database for projects of all sizes. + +#### 7.[Perst][7] #### + +Perst is McObject's open source, dual license, object-oriented embedded database system (ODBMS). It is available in one edition developed as an all-Java embedded database, and another implemented in C# (for Microsoft .NET Framework applications). + +#### 8.[NeoDatis ODB][8] #### + +Simple Object Database that currently runs on the Java, .Net, Google Android, Groovy and Scala. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.efytimes.com/e1/fullnews.asp?edid=138992 + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://code.google.com/p/terrastore/ +[2]:http://www.neo4j.org/ +[3]:http://www.project-voldemort.com/voldemort/ +[4]:http://hbase.apache.org/ +[5]:http://infogrid.org/trac/ +[6]:http://www.kobrix.com/hgdb.jsp +[7]:http://www.mcobject.com/perst/ +[8]:http://neodatis.wikidot.com/ \ No newline at end of file From f35348476681eab1a047626dd00593b4cc79d69d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: disylee Date: Wed, 21 May 2014 14:49:14 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 170/601] Translated by disylee 2014/5/21 --- ...ebcomics from the command line on Linux.md | 108 ------------------ ...ebcomics from the command line on Linux.md | 106 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 106 insertions(+), 108 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux.md diff --git a/sources/tech/How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux.md b/sources/tech/How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux.md deleted file mode 100644 index d5f785841b..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,108 +0,0 @@ -disylee来占坑2014-5-20 -How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux -================================================================================ -Do you never miss a new strip from xkcd? Read webcomics regularly? Or would you like to back up all the strips of your favorite website? Hopefully, the open source community has the solution: a command line program to download all your favorite webcomics from your terminal. - -Before we begin, remember that you should keep these downloaded strips for your personal use, and not broadcast them without permission. If you really like an author's work, support the comic by donating or buying some of the merchandise. - -### Install Dosage on Linux ### - -The open source program to download webcomics is called [dosage][1]. There are a couple of ways to install this webcomic downloader on your machine since it is written in Python. Today we will go with an easy way. - -First, you will need to [install pip][2]. Also, make sure that you have at least Python 2.7.0 or Python 3.3 installed. Then use pip to install dosage as follows. - - $ sudo pip install dosage - -If pip cannot somehow find the package (like on Ubuntu 14.04), use the following command instead. - - $ sudo pip install http://wummel.github.io/dosage/dist/dosage-2.13.tar.gz - -dosage will automatically create a new folder called "Comics" in your home directory. - -### Basic Usage of Dosage ### - -dosage's basic usage can be described as follows. Using dosage, you can find webcomics in the database that you are interested in reading, download the strips, and easily fetch the latest strips as they come out. In a sense, you more or less subscribe to a webcomic, and dosage will take care of making sure that you never miss any unread strips. - -To start downloading and reading offline your webcomics, begin by listing them with the command: - - $ dosage -l - -Right now, dosage has over 2000 comics in its database. My personal tip is if you are looking for a particular webcomic, use the syntax: - - $ dosage -l | grep [keyword] - -It will then return all the comics with title containing [keyword]. - -Once you decided which comic you wanted to subscribe to from the list, use this command to subsribe to the comic: - - $ dosage [name of the webcomic] - -![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2940/13943751585_978ef260de_z.jpg) - -Subscribing to a comic will automatically create a folder in the "Comics" directory, and download the latest strip of that webcomic. - -If instead of downloading just the latest strip, you are interested in all the issues, use this command: - - $ dosage -a [name of the comic] - -Finally, once you subscribed to a couple of webcomics, you can easily download the latest strip of all of them in one shot with the simple command below: - - $ dosage @ - -If you never want to miss your daily comics for example, you should run this command every day. - -### Advanced Usage of Dosage ### - -Past the first day playing around with dosage, you might want to get the most out of it. It entails knowing a bit more about the command's syntax and shortcuts. - -If you tried to download some xkcd strips, you might have noticed that dosage refuses with the message: - - use the --adult option to confirm your age - -![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2929/13920634111_9d63589f74_z.jpg) - -Because by default dosage will ignore any webcomic flagged for people over 18 (and for some reason xkcd is one of them). To bypass that, just do as it says: - - $ dosage --adult xkcd - -From a previous example, you may have noticed that the argument '@' is used to refer to all downloaded comics. A continuation is '@@' for all comics in dosage database. - - $ dosage @@ - -The above command will download the latest strip of every comic that dosage knows about. - -If you want to fetch the strips from the beginning of the series up to a particular day, you can do: - - $ dosage -a [name of the comic]:[year-month-day] - -For example, to see all of Calvin and Hobbes' strips from 2014 until its creation, run: - - $ dosage -a calvinandhobbes:2014-01-01 - -Finally for all the developers out there who would like to do something of these strips for your personal use, dosage integrates the possibility of generating rss, json, and html log files while downloading strips: - - $ dosage -o [type] [name of the comic] - -In the above command, [type] is either rss, json, or html, and [name of the comic] can also be just '@'. For example, the "html" argument will create a nice HTML code to see all the strips downloaded: - -The command below will download all the strips for Calvin and Hobbes, and then spit out an HTML code to view in your web browser all the strips in a nice webpage format. - - $ dosage -o html -a calvinandhobbes - -![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3693/13920644962_1b041dc2f2_z.jpg) - -To conclude, I invite you to read the [manual page][3] for more information. dosage is a really neat tool, and I know that it will be of great use to any fans of webcomics out there. I'm very curious to know what can come out of the fancier options like creating a json file out of downloaded strips. - -Do you have an alternative to dosage? Or are you actually a fan of the latter and use it regularly? Let us know in the comments. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/download-webcomics-command-line-linux.html - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://wummel.github.io/dosage/ -[2]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/install-pip-linux.html -[3]:http://wummel.github.io/dosage/dosage.1.html diff --git a/translated/tech/How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux.md b/translated/tech/How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ba3e53bb81 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ + + +在Linux系统中，如何通过命令行变出二次元世界？ +================================================================================ +你是否从来都没有错过xkcd上的漫画连载？及时地阅读到网络漫画。或者你是否考虑过从你喜欢的网站上备份所有漫画连载？如你所愿，开源社区将为你提供解决方案：使用命令行程序从终端上下载所有你喜欢的漫画连载。 + + +在我们开始之前，请记住一点，你下载的漫画连载仅供个人使用，在没有授权的情况下是不可以散播出去的。如果你确实喜欢该作者的作品，请支持通过捐赠或购买正版商品获得。 + + +在Linux中安装Dosage + + +有一个下载漫画连载的开源程序叫dosage。由于该程序是用python写的，所以安装漫画连载工具的方式有几种。今天我们就从一种简单的方法开始吧。 + +第一步，你需要安装pip（用于安装和管理python包的工具），并确保你的python版本在2.7.0至3.3区间。接下来使用pip安装dosage。 + + $ sudo pip install dosage + +如果pip不能以某种方式来找到相关包（例如Ubuntu14.04系统），可以使用下列命令来找到。 + + $ sudo pip install http://wummel.github.io/dosage/dist/dosage-2.13.tar.gz + +dosage将会自动创建一个名为“Comics”新的文件夹。 + + +Dosage的基本用法 + +dosage的基本用法可以被描述如下。使用dosage，你可以在数据库中找到你喜欢阅读的网络漫画，当最新一期的连载发布时，你可以几时获取最新一期。从某种意义来说，无论你在网络漫画中订阅多少连载，dosage都会确保一期不落地帮你把没有读过的漫画连载下载下来。 + +下载和阅读你的离线网络漫画，首先要用以下命令将它们列出： + + $ dosage -l + +马上，我们可以看到dosage将2000多套漫画从数据库列出。我个人建议用下面的这个命令来查找我们想要看的漫画： + + $ dosage -l | grep [keyword] + +这样就会返回所有包含关键字标题的漫画了。 +一旦你确定列表中哪一本漫画是你想要阅读的，使用一下命令订阅这本漫画： + $ dosage [name of the webcomic] + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2940/13943751585_978ef260de_z.jpg) + +订阅漫画时会自动生成一个名为"Comics"的目录，并把最新的连载漫画下载到在里边。 +如果你不仅仅像下载最新连载的漫画而是整一部，那么你使用一下的命令就可以了： + + $ dosage -a [name of the comic] + +最后，如果你订阅了几本网络漫画，你可以使用下面这条简单的命令，方便地下载到这几本漫画的所有更新： + + $ dosage @ + +如果你不想错过每天的漫画更新，你可以每天执行这条命令确保不会错过。 + +Dosage的高级用法 + +玩了一天dosage，你也许想知道它的更多使用方法。这需要你掌握更多的命令语法和快捷入门。 +如果你想在xkcd上下载更多的漫画连载，你应该会看到一条dosage拒绝的提示（使用成人选项，确认你的年龄）： + + use the --adult option to confirm your age + + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2929/13920634111_9d63589f74_z.jpg) +因为默认情况下，dosage会为18岁以上的成年人忽略所有网络漫画中产生的冲突（xkcd只是其中的一个）。跳过这一步，请输入： + + $ dosage --adult xkcd + +从之前的例子，你也许注意到'@'这个参数几乎用于所有关于漫画书的下载。接下来这个'@@'这个参数是关于dosage数据库的所有漫画书。 + + $ dosage @@ + +上面的命令会下载dosage所知道的每一本漫画的最新连载。 +如果你想获取漫画开始到特定某一天的连载，你可以使用以下命令： + $ dosage -a [name of the comic]:[year-month-day] + +举个例子，我们想看《Calvin and Hobbes》2014年之前的所有连载，运行这条命令： + + $ dosage -a calvinandhobbes:2014-01-01 + +最终对所有想把连载作为个人用途的开发者，dosage会在下载连载时生成rss，json和html日志文件。 + + $ dosage -o [type] [name of the comic] + +在以上命令中，，[type]可以是rss，json或者html，[name of comic]也可以只用'@'。例如，用'html'参数就回创建一个漂亮的HTML代码可以看到所有已经下载到的漫画连载。 + +下面的命令会下载所有关于Calvin and Hobbes的连载并生成一个网页代码，在你的浏览器中看到一个漂亮的网页格式呈现出所有连载漫画。 + $ dosage -o html -a calvinandhobbes + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3693/13920644962_1b041dc2f2_z.jpg) + +最后，我会建议你阅读手册3获取更多相关信息。dosage的确是一个非常简洁的工具，它为广大网页漫画迷们服务。我很好奇地想知道像创建出一个json文件来下载连载漫画的这种创意是怎么诞生的？ + +你还有其它更好的工具来取代dosage？或者说你是这种可以取代dosage工具的粉丝并且用得非常过瘾，那就在评论里推荐给我们吧。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/download-webcomics-command-line-linux.html + +译者：disylee(https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://wummel.github.io/dosage/ +[2]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/install-pip-linux.html +[3]:http://wummel.github.io/dosage/dosage.1.html From 7027992820765656a0aeb3f9fa01dfaeeeb1a6c6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: disylee Date: Wed, 21 May 2014 15:05:41 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 171/601] Translated by disylee --- ...sion Control System Officially Released.md | 34 ------------------- ...sion Control System Officially Released.md | 25 ++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 34 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released.md create mode 100644 translated/news/Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released.md diff --git a/sources/news/Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released.md b/sources/news/Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released.md deleted file mode 100644 index f987fe07da..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,34 +0,0 @@ -Translating by GoLinux! - -Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released -================================================================================ -![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Git-1-9-3-Version-Control-System-Officially-Released-441600-2.jpg) - -**Git 1.9.3, a free and open source distributed version control system designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with speed and efficiency, is now available for download.** - -The new Git 1.9.x branch continues the trend of large releases, integrating a big number of changes and fixes. This latest build in the branch is a little bit smaller than what we were expecting, but it does feature some interesting changes. If you are using Git, you might consider to update to the new version. - -According to the developers, "git p4" dealing with changes in binary files was broken by a change in 1.9 release, but it has been fixed. The shell prompt script (in contrib/), when using the PROMPT_COMMAND interface, no longer uses an unsafe construct when showing the branch name in $PS, and "git rebase" no longer uses a POSIX shell construct. - -Also, some more Unicode codepoints defined in Unicode 6.3 as having zero width have been fixed, and some tests used shell constructs that did not work well on FreeBSD, but they have been fixed. - -For a complete list of changes, check out the [changelog][1]. - -### download Git 1.9.3 ### - -- [tar.gz][2][sources] [4.60 MB] -- [Debian/Ubuntu DEB ALL][3][ubuntu_deb] [0 KB] -- [Red Hat/Fedora/Mandriva/openSUSE RPM noarch][4][rh_rpm] [0 KB] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Git-1-9-3-Version-Control-System-Officially-Released-441600.shtml - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:https://github.com/git/git/blob/master/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.3.txt -[2]:https://github.com/git/git/archive/v1.9.3.tar.gz -[3]:http://git-scm.com/download/linux -[4]:http://git-scm.com/download/linux diff --git a/translated/news/Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released.md b/translated/news/Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f165d5924b --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +disylee已经翻译，先占一篇。 +Git 1.9.3控制版本系统已正式发布 +**Git 1.9.3，是一种自由和开放源码的分布式控制版本系统，该设计用于快速有效地处理从小到非常大的项目，现在已经可以提供下载了。** +新的Git 1.9.x系列持续着大量发布的趋势，其中整合了大量的变动和修复。最新版本系列比我们预期稍微小了一点，但的确做了一些有趣的变化。如果你有在使用Git，你会考虑升级到最新版本的。 +根据开发商所说，“git p4”在处理二进制文件时受损是由于1.9版本的一些改变，但是这已经被修复了。在shell提示符脚本（在contrib目录/），使用PROMPT_COMMAND界面时，显示分支名称$PS时不再使用不安全的构造，“git rebase”也不再使用POSIX shell中的结构。 +此外，在Unicode6.3中定义的具有更多零宽度的代码点已经得到修复，在一些shell结构的测试中发现还未能在FreeBSD很好地运行，但是都已经得到修复了。 +关于更改的完整列表，请查看[更新日志】。 +下载Git 1.9.3地址 + +- [tar.gz][2][sources] [4.60 MB] +- [Debian/Ubuntu DEB ALL][3][ubuntu_deb] [0 KB] +- [Red Hat/Fedora/Mandriva/openSUSE RPM noarch][4][rh_rpm] [0 KB] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Git-1-9-3-Version-Control-System-Officially-Released-441600.shtml + +译者：disylee(https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://github.com/git/git/blob/master/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.3.txt +[2]:https://github.com/git/git/archive/v1.9.3.tar.gz +[3]:http://git-scm.com/download/linux +[4]:http://git-scm.com/download/linux From 6804e2bae14c487cdd202f4ee3b7ba7f7deaea15 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: translateproject Date: Wed, 21 May 2014 16:32:11 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 172/601] Delete Enable Username On Indicator Panel In Ubuntu 14.04.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 删除源文件 --- ...name On Indicator Panel In Ubuntu 14.04.md | 34 ------------------- 1 file changed, 34 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/Enable Username On Indicator Panel In Ubuntu 14.04.md diff --git a/sources/tech/Enable Username On Indicator Panel In Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/tech/Enable Username On Indicator Panel In Ubuntu 14.04.md deleted file mode 100644 index c6ac922581..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/Enable Username On Indicator Panel In Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,34 +0,0 @@ -GOLinux Translating! -Enable Username On Indicator Panel In Ubuntu 14.04 -================================================================================ -![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Ubuntu-14.042-790x493.jpeg) - -Hi Guys, - -Well if you just installed Ubuntu 14.04, you should figure this out already. - -You will notice that your name is not displayed on the indicator bar, in the right top corner of the desktop. If you still want enable it; this is very easy to do. - -![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/username_false.png) - -Open Terminal and run the command below: - - $ gsettings set com.canonical.indicator.session show-real-name-on-panel true - -![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/username_true.png) - -To hide the name, just replace **true** with **false** in the above command: - - $ gsettings set com.canonical.indicator.session show-real-name-on-panel false - -![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/username_false.png) - -Enjoy! - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.unixmen.com/enable-username-indicator-panel-ubuntu-14-04/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 29657d02b62a000d2df80a446c633fc4087f09c5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: translateproject Date: Wed, 21 May 2014 16:37:14 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 173/601] Create Update Enable Username On Indicator Panel In Ubuntu 14.04.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 测试PR看到删除。 --- ...Enable Username On Indicator Panel In Ubuntu 14.04.md | 9 +++++++++ 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/tech/Update Enable Username On Indicator Panel In Ubuntu 14.04.md diff --git a/translated/tech/Update Enable Username On Indicator Panel In Ubuntu 14.04.md b/translated/tech/Update Enable Username On Indicator Panel In Ubuntu 14.04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..de34e16067 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/Update Enable Username On Indicator Panel In Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +这是一个免费的MySQL客户端工具，基于浏览器，使用起来非常简单，其名称中的SIDU代表Select、Insert、Delete和Update操作，当然它能够完成更多的任务，支持火狐、IE、Opera、Safari和Chrome等浏览器，其界面体验酷似数据库前端软件图形化界面，支持MySQL、Postgres和SQLite数据库。 + +下载地址：http://downloads.sourceforge.net/sidu/sidu31.zip + +Navicat Lite MySQL Admin Tool + +Navicat是一个快速、可靠和通用的数据库管理工具，旨在简化数据库管理、降低管理成本，满足数据库管理员、开发人员和中小型企业的需要。Navicat具有一个非常直观的图形化界面，让你可以更安全、更简单的创建、组织、访问和共享信息。 + +Navicat for MySQL是一个强大的数据库管理和开发工具。它支持3.21及以上版本的所有MySQL数据库服务器，支持绝大多数最新的MySQL功夫能，其中包括触发器、存储过程、函数、事件、视图和管理用户等。Navicat Lite是针对非商业客户提供的免费下载 From 04737737fbc3eef00af90ffec0d195d376d15065 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: carolinewuyan <309866211@qq.com> Date: Wed, 21 May 2014 17:57:44 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 174/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B7=B2=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../tech/Why htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md | 10 +++++----- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/Why htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md b/translated/tech/Why htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md index 7f1006a018..3709009735 100644 --- a/translated/tech/Why htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md +++ b/translated/tech/Why htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ 为什么 Linux 的 htop 命令优于 top 命令 ================================================================================ -在 Linux 系统中，top 命令用来显示系统中正在运行的进程的实时状态，它显示了像 CPU 利用情况、内存消耗情况，以及每个进程情况等十分有用的信息。你应该知道，与传统的 top 命令功能一样的，还存在另一个命令行工具 'htop'，但它有更加强大的功能及能显示更多的信息。这篇文章，我们会用实例来讨论这个 'htop' 命令。 +在 Linux 系统中，top 命令用来显示系统中正在运行的进程的实时状态，它显示了一些非常有用的信息，比如 CPU 利用情况、内存消耗情况，以及每个进程情况等。但是，你知道吗？还有另外一个命令行工具 'htop'，它与传统的 top 命令功能一样，但它有更加强大的功能及能显示更多的信息。这篇文章，我们会用实例来讨论这个 'htop' 命令。 ### Linux 中的 htop 命令 ### @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ HTOP 命令提供了某种功能，通过此功能您可以很容易地在 HTOP ![signals](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/signals.png) -如你所见，窗口的左边部分列出的是可用的信号，右边部分列出的是进程。只要选中信号，并选择一个进程，然后按下 enter 键，选中的信号就会发送到此进程。 +如你所见，窗口的左边部分列出的是所有可用的信号，右边部分列出的是进程。只要选中信号，并选择一个进程，然后按下 enter 键，选中的信号就会发送到此进程。 ### 3. 显示进程的树状视图 ### @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ HTOP 命令提供了易用的方式来搜索进程。您需要做就是按下 F3 ![color-tag](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/color-tag.png) -所以通过此种方法，你就能很轻松的追踪想查看的进程。 +所以通过此方法，你就能很轻松地追踪想查看的进程。 ### 6. 命令行选项 ### @@ -82,6 +82,6 @@ HTOP 命令提供了易用的方式来搜索进程。您需要做就是按下 F3 via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-htop-command/ -译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan) -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 29318a9ca5f3b9254b630d39ad48a5edefe56ab6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Wed, 21 May 2014 18:25:29 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 175/601] Update Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md alim0x translating --- ...ll Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md b/sources/tech/Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md index fd67755edc..9799f1edf5 100644 --- a/sources/tech/Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md +++ b/sources/tech/Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +alim0x tranalating + Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro/Arch Linux ================================================================================ [Sublime Text 3][1] is currently in beta. The latest build is 3059. We are going to install Sublime Text 3 build 3059 from AUR, from AUR. @@ -42,4 +44,4 @@ via: http://www.unixmen.com/install-sublime-text-3-build-3059-manjaroarch-linux/ 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 -[1]:http://www.sublimetext.com/3 \ No newline at end of file +[1]:http://www.sublimetext.com/3 From e7a5e67d7ee9f45be09eacc11dea2c3690e76c76 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Wed, 21 May 2014 18:29:24 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 176/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140521-5=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md | 86 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 86 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md diff --git a/sources/tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e0ae90f269 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04 +================================================================================ +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Ubuntu_Trusty_Tahr_Best_Icons.jpeg) + +Looking for ways to beautify your system running Ubuntu 14.04? Why not change the icon themes? If you are not aware of some good icon sets, I have compiled a list of some **best icon set for Ubuntu 14.04**. But before we look at the icons, lets first see how to use the icon themes. + +### How to use a new icon set in Ubuntu: ### + +You can install a new icon set in two ways. One is by adding a PPA. You add the PPA, install the icon set. But you won’t find icon sets for all the icon themes. Therefore, the other way round is to download the compressed file and extract it to **~/.icons**. If this directory doesn’t exist, create one using the following command: + + mkdir ~/.icons + +The icons extracted in the above directory will be available for the current user only. If you want the icons to be available for all the users, you should extract the icons to **/usr/share/icons**. + +Now, once you have installed the icon set, you can use a [Unity Tweak Tool][1] to change the icon theme. Use the following command to install Unity Tweak Tool: + + sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool + +Once installed, run the tool and click on **Icons** under **Appearance** section: + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Unity_Tweak_Tool.jpeg) + +You can select your preferred icon set among the available ones here. Now you now how to change icons in Ubuntu, lets take a look at some of the best icon themes for Ubuntu. + +### Best icon themes for Ubuntu 14.04: ### + +Without wasting further time, lets see some beautiful icon sets available for Ubuntu Unity (and perhaps Gnome as well, not tested): + +#### Moka: #### + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/moka-Ubuntu-themes.jpeg) + +To install Moka in Ubuntu and other similar distributions, use the following commands: + + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:snwh/moka-icon-theme-daily + sudo apt-get update + sudo apt-get install moka-icon-theme moka-icon-theme-symbolic moka-icon-theme-extras + +#### Numix: #### + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Numix_Circle.jpeg) + +In the image above you can see Numix Circle icon theme. A few more similar themes along with some wallpapers are available in the Numix PPA: + + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:numix/ppa + sudo apt-get update + sudo apt-get install numix-icon-theme numix-icon-theme-circle + +#### Uniform: #### + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Uniform_Icons.jpeg) + +You can get the Uniform icon themes from the link below: + +- [Download Uniform icon theme][2] + +#### Plateau: #### + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Plateau_Icon_Themes.jpeg) + +You can download the flat icon themes Plateau from the link below: + +- [Download Plateau icon theme][3] + +#### Simple [Gnome only]: #### + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/simple_icon_theme.jpeg) + +Below is the download link for Simple icons for Gnome: + +- [Download Simple icon theme for Gnome][4] + +The list ends here for the time being but it is not final. I’ll be adding more icon themes in the list over the time. Meanwhile, do share if you have some favorite(s) which is not included in this **list of best icon themes or Ubuntu**. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://itsfoss.com/best-icon-themes-ubuntu-1404/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://itsfoss.com/how-to-install-themes-in-ubuntu-13-10/ +[2]:http://0rax0.deviantart.com/art/Uniform-Icon-Theme-453054609 +[3]:http://malysss.deviantart.com/art/Plateau-0-2-391110900 +[4]:http://www.deviantart.com/art/Simple-icon-theme-426040287 \ No newline at end of file From 01c30bf445c234810585f777d0bb218520901315 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: MikeCoder Date: Wed, 21 May 2014 18:32:37 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 177/601] Merge branch 'master', remote-tracking branch 'lctt/master' From 19e26578bc64f98c05e31a7fb7c8ea7a573c41ae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: MikeCoder Date: Wed, 21 May 2014 18:34:51 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 178/601] Mike Tranlasting... --- .../Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/sources/news/Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md b/sources/news/Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md index 3757d3ee62..80b0e2269e 100644 --- a/sources/news/Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md +++ b/sources/news/Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +Translating... + Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk ================================================================================ Ubuntu has several official flavors based on different desktop environments. The default Ubuntu comes with Unity desktop where as Kubuntu is with [KDE][1], Lubuntu with [LXDE][2], Xubuntu with [Xfce][3]. There are some other flavors as well but these are the most popular official desktop flavors. From 81e95c8d5cb07b518d744ced886a0ea313ef7fe2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: MikeCoder Date: Wed, 21 May 2014 18:52:55 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 179/601] finish translating --- ...ts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md | 39 ------------------- ...ts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md | 37 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 39 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md create mode 100644 translated/news/Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md diff --git a/sources/news/Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md b/sources/news/Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md deleted file mode 100644 index 80b0e2269e..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,39 +0,0 @@ -Translating... - -Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk -================================================================================ -Ubuntu has several official flavors based on different desktop environments. The default Ubuntu comes with Unity desktop where as Kubuntu is with [KDE][1], Lubuntu with [LXDE][2], Xubuntu with [Xfce][3]. There are some other flavors as well but these are the most popular official desktop flavors. - -How do you choose which Ubuntu is the best for you? One way is to download the ISO of the Ubuntu flavor and [give it a run via live USB][4]. But that would mean downloading several ISOs and writing them one by one in USB/disk. A little tiresome, isn’t it? - -This is where [Ubuntu AIO][5] (all in one) DVD comes in picture. A project started by some members of [Start Ubuntu][6] team, Ubuntu AIO DVD lets you try Ubuntu Unity, Lubuntu, Xubuntu, Kubuntu and Ubuntu Gnome in one single live disk. - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Ubuntu-AIO-DVD.jpg) - -Of course there are few downside of Ubuntu AIO. First it’s too big in size, around 4.7 GB. It won’t fit on a standard 4GB USB key. Further it has only 64 bit version of Ubuntu, Kubuntu and Ubuntu Gnome and only 32 bit version of Xubuntu and Lubuntu. Despite the shortcomings, it’s a nice effort to ease selection of the apt Ubuntu. - -Download Ubuntu AIO DVD - -- [Sourceforge][7] -- [Softpedia][8] - -Read more about the project [here][9] - -Enjoy! --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-aio-dvd-puts-ubuntu-1404-flavors-disk/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.kde.org/ -[2]:http://lxde.org/ -[3]:http://www.xfce.org/ -[4]:http://itsfoss.com/create-live-usb-of-ubuntu-in-windows/ -[5]:http://ubuntuaio.wordpress.com/about-us/ -[6]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/StartUbuntu -[7]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/ubuntuaiodvd/ -[8]:http://linux.softpedia.com/get/Linux-Distributions/Ubuntu-AIO-DVD-103429.shtml -[9]:http://ubuntuaio.wordpress.com/about-us/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/news/Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md b/translated/news/Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..45861da70b --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +通过Ubuntu AIO DVD将Ubuntu 14.04的所有版本刻录到一张光盘里 +================================================================================ +Ubuntu有基于不同的桌面环境几个官方版本。默认的Ubuntu自带Unity桌面，Kubuntu的则是[KDE] [1]，Lubuntu用[LXDE] [2]，Xubuntu自带[Xfce] [3]。除此之外，还有一些其他的版本，但这些是最流行的官方桌面版本。 + +你该如何选择最适合你的Ubuntu？一种方法是下载的Ubuntu的不同版本的ISO镜像并且[通过Live CD或者USB实时运行] [4]。但是，这将意味着你将会下载多个ISO文件，一个个地写入USB盘或者Live CD。太傻了。 + +这就是[Ubuntu AIO(ALL IN ONE)][5]出现的原因。该项目是由[Start Ubuntu] [6]小组部分成员发起的，Ubuntu的AIO DVD可以让你在一张光盘或者一个U盘中尝试Ubuntu Unity，Lubuntu，Xubuntu，Kubuntu的和Ubuntu Gnome等不同版本。 + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Ubuntu-AIO-DVD.jpg) + +当然Ubuntu AIO也有一些缺点。首先它体积太大了，有将近4.7GB。所以，它不适合于标准的4GB U盘。而且它只有两个版本，第一个是64位版本，包括有Ubuntu，Kubuntu的和Ubuntu Gnome，另外一个，则包含有32位版本的Xubuntu和Lubuntu。尽管有缺点，这是一个不错的项目，可以帮助我们选择恰当的Ubuntu版本。 + +下载 Ubuntu AIO DVD + +- [Sourceforge][7] +- [Softpedia][8] + +点[此][9]了解更多。 + +享受Ubuntu吧！ +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-aio-dvd-puts-ubuntu-1404-flavors-disk/ + +译者：[MikeCoder](https://github.com/MikeCoder) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.kde.org/ +[2]:http://lxde.org/ +[3]:http://www.xfce.org/ +[4]:http://itsfoss.com/create-live-usb-of-ubuntu-in-windows/ +[5]:http://ubuntuaio.wordpress.com/about-us/ +[6]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/StartUbuntu +[7]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/ubuntuaiodvd/ +[8]:http://linux.softpedia.com/get/Linux-Distributions/Ubuntu-AIO-DVD-103429.shtml +[9]:http://ubuntuaio.wordpress.com/about-us/ \ No newline at end of file From b429aadc417bdb5c41a2e45cbab3d654660c6142 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: JonathanKang Date: Wed, 21 May 2014 20:19:11 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 180/601] JonathanKang is translating --- sources/tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md index e0ae90f269..73209af8e7 100644 --- a/sources/tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ b/sources/tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +JonathanKang is translating + Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04 ================================================================================ ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Ubuntu_Trusty_Tahr_Best_Icons.jpeg) @@ -83,4 +85,4 @@ via: http://itsfoss.com/best-icon-themes-ubuntu-1404/ [1]:http://itsfoss.com/how-to-install-themes-in-ubuntu-13-10/ [2]:http://0rax0.deviantart.com/art/Uniform-Icon-Theme-453054609 [3]:http://malysss.deviantart.com/art/Plateau-0-2-391110900 -[4]:http://www.deviantart.com/art/Simple-icon-theme-426040287 \ No newline at end of file +[4]:http://www.deviantart.com/art/Simple-icon-theme-426040287 From 0f4b6784b2a80216afcb89648cca32bf4c355d49 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Wed, 21 May 2014 20:51:18 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 181/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AGit=201.9.3?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Version=20Control=20System=20Officially=20Released?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...sion Control System Officially Released.md | 20 ++++++++++++------- 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) rename {translated/news => published}/Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released.md (50%) diff --git a/translated/news/Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released.md b/published/Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released.md similarity index 50% rename from translated/news/Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released.md rename to published/Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released.md index f165d5924b..0293873b5f 100644 --- a/translated/news/Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released.md +++ b/published/Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released.md @@ -1,10 +1,16 @@ -disylee已经翻译，先占一篇。 -Git 1.9.3控制版本系统已正式发布 +Git 1.9.3版本控制系统已正式发布 +=========================== +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news-700/Git-1-9-3-Version-Control-System-Officially-Released.jpg) **Git 1.9.3，是一种自由和开放源码的分布式控制版本系统，该设计用于快速有效地处理从小到非常大的项目，现在已经可以提供下载了。** -新的Git 1.9.x系列持续着大量发布的趋势，其中整合了大量的变动和修复。最新版本系列比我们预期稍微小了一点，但的确做了一些有趣的变化。如果你有在使用Git，你会考虑升级到最新版本的。 -根据开发商所说，“git p4”在处理二进制文件时受损是由于1.9版本的一些改变，但是这已经被修复了。在shell提示符脚本（在contrib目录/），使用PROMPT_COMMAND界面时，显示分支名称$PS时不再使用不安全的构造，“git rebase”也不再使用POSIX shell中的结构。 -此外，在Unicode6.3中定义的具有更多零宽度的代码点已经得到修复，在一些shell结构的测试中发现还未能在FreeBSD很好地运行，但是都已经得到修复了。 -关于更改的完整列表，请查看[更新日志】。 + +新的Git 1.9.x系列继续保持着大量发布的传统，包含了大量的变动和修复。最新版本系列比我们预期稍微小了一点，但的确做了一些有趣的变化。如果你在使用Git，你也许该考虑升级到最新版本的。 + +根据开发者所说，“git p4”在处理二进制文件时受损是由于1.9版本的一些改变，但是这已经被修复了。在shell提示符脚本（在contrib目录/下），使用PROMPT_COMMAND界面时，显示分支名称$PS时不再使用不安全的构造，“git rebase”也不再使用POSIX shell中的结构。 + +此外，一些在Unicode6.3中定义的代码点的零宽度问题的已经得到修复，在一些不能在FreeBSD中运行的shell结构的测试，也都已经得到修复了。 + +关于更改的完整列表，请查看[更新日志][1]。 + 下载Git 1.9.3地址 - [tar.gz][2][sources] [4.60 MB] @@ -15,7 +21,7 @@ Git 1.9.3控制版本系统已正式发布 via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Git-1-9-3-Version-Control-System-Officially-Released-441600.shtml -译者：disylee(https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[disylee](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From f9d44bd5de26658ccaeaaac6fe53c810255ba9e2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: JonathanKang Date: Wed, 21 May 2014 21:00:35 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 182/601] translated --- .../tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md | 88 ------------------- .../tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md | 86 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 86 insertions(+), 88 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md diff --git a/sources/tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 73209af8e7..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,88 +0,0 @@ -JonathanKang is translating - -Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04 -================================================================================ -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Ubuntu_Trusty_Tahr_Best_Icons.jpeg) - -Looking for ways to beautify your system running Ubuntu 14.04? Why not change the icon themes? If you are not aware of some good icon sets, I have compiled a list of some **best icon set for Ubuntu 14.04**. But before we look at the icons, lets first see how to use the icon themes. - -### How to use a new icon set in Ubuntu: ### - -You can install a new icon set in two ways. One is by adding a PPA. You add the PPA, install the icon set. But you won’t find icon sets for all the icon themes. Therefore, the other way round is to download the compressed file and extract it to **~/.icons**. If this directory doesn’t exist, create one using the following command: - - mkdir ~/.icons - -The icons extracted in the above directory will be available for the current user only. If you want the icons to be available for all the users, you should extract the icons to **/usr/share/icons**. - -Now, once you have installed the icon set, you can use a [Unity Tweak Tool][1] to change the icon theme. Use the following command to install Unity Tweak Tool: - - sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool - -Once installed, run the tool and click on **Icons** under **Appearance** section: - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Unity_Tweak_Tool.jpeg) - -You can select your preferred icon set among the available ones here. Now you now how to change icons in Ubuntu, lets take a look at some of the best icon themes for Ubuntu. - -### Best icon themes for Ubuntu 14.04: ### - -Without wasting further time, lets see some beautiful icon sets available for Ubuntu Unity (and perhaps Gnome as well, not tested): - -#### Moka: #### - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/moka-Ubuntu-themes.jpeg) - -To install Moka in Ubuntu and other similar distributions, use the following commands: - - sudo add-apt-repository ppa:snwh/moka-icon-theme-daily - sudo apt-get update - sudo apt-get install moka-icon-theme moka-icon-theme-symbolic moka-icon-theme-extras - -#### Numix: #### - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Numix_Circle.jpeg) - -In the image above you can see Numix Circle icon theme. A few more similar themes along with some wallpapers are available in the Numix PPA: - - sudo add-apt-repository ppa:numix/ppa - sudo apt-get update - sudo apt-get install numix-icon-theme numix-icon-theme-circle - -#### Uniform: #### - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Uniform_Icons.jpeg) - -You can get the Uniform icon themes from the link below: - -- [Download Uniform icon theme][2] - -#### Plateau: #### - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Plateau_Icon_Themes.jpeg) - -You can download the flat icon themes Plateau from the link below: - -- [Download Plateau icon theme][3] - -#### Simple [Gnome only]: #### - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/simple_icon_theme.jpeg) - -Below is the download link for Simple icons for Gnome: - -- [Download Simple icon theme for Gnome][4] - -The list ends here for the time being but it is not final. I’ll be adding more icon themes in the list over the time. Meanwhile, do share if you have some favorite(s) which is not included in this **list of best icon themes or Ubuntu**. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://itsfoss.com/best-icon-themes-ubuntu-1404/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://itsfoss.com/how-to-install-themes-in-ubuntu-13-10/ -[2]:http://0rax0.deviantart.com/art/Uniform-Icon-Theme-453054609 -[3]:http://malysss.deviantart.com/art/Plateau-0-2-391110900 -[4]:http://www.deviantart.com/art/Simple-icon-theme-426040287 diff --git a/translated/tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md b/translated/tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2462fc7bc8 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +Ubuntu 14.04最棒的图标主题 +================================================================================ +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Ubuntu_Trusty_Tahr_Best_Icons.jpeg) + +还在苦苦寻找方法来让你的Ubuntu 14.04更加漂亮吗？那就赶紧给你的系统换套图标吧！如果你还不知道有哪些很棒的图标主题，不用着急，我已经整理了一些适用于**Ubuntu 14.04的最棒的图标集**。不过在向你们介绍这些图标集之前，我还是先向你介绍一下如何应用图标主题吧。 + +### 如何在Ubuntu系统中应用新图标： ### + +你可以通过两种方式来安装一个新的图标主题。一个是添加PPA源。你可以添加PPA软件源，然后安装某个图标集。但并不是所有的图标集可以通过该方法获得。所以，另一种方法就是，下载该图标集的压缩文件，然后将之解压到**~/.icons**文件夹。如果这个文件夹不存在的话，你可以使用下面的命令来新建： + + mkdir ~/.icons + +解压到以上路径的图标只对当前用户有效。如果你希望所有的用户都可以使用该图标主题，你应该将该图标解压到**/usr/share/icons**。 + +到此，你已经安装了该图标。这样的话，你就可以使用[Unity Tweak Tool][1]来应用该图标主题。你可以使用下面的命令来安装Unity Tweak Tool： + + sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool + +安装完毕后，打开该软件，点击**外观**选项下面的**图标**： + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Unity_Tweak_Tool.jpeg) + +现在，你可以选择你所喜欢的图标集啦。到此为止，我想你已经掌握了如何在Ubuntu中更换图标，下面我们一起来欣赏Ubuntu中最棒的图标主题吧。 + +### Ubuntu 14.04最棒的图标主题： ### + +废话不多说，我们一起来欣赏一些Ubuntu Unity桌面可用的图标主题吧（可能也支持Gnome桌面环境，小编未在该桌面环境下测试）： + +#### Moka: #### + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/moka-Ubuntu-themes.jpeg) + +你可以使用下面的命令在Ubuntu以及相似的发行版中安装该图标主题： + + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:snwh/moka-icon-theme-daily + sudo apt-get update + sudo apt-get install moka-icon-theme moka-icon-theme-symbolic moka-icon-theme-extras + +#### Numix: #### + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Numix_Circle.jpeg) + +上图中展示的是Numix 圆形图标主题。一些相似的图标主题和壁纸资源也是可以通过Numix PPA软件源获得的： + + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:numix/ppa + sudo apt-get update + sudo apt-get install numix-icon-theme numix-icon-theme-circle + +#### Uniform: #### + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Uniform_Icons.jpeg) + +你可以通过下面的链接获取该图标主题： + +- [下载Uniform icon theme][2] + +#### Plateau: #### + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Plateau_Icon_Themes.jpeg) + +你可以通过下面的链接获取该图标主题： + +- [下载Plateau icon theme][3] + +#### Simple [只支持Gnome桌面环境]: #### + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/simple_icon_theme.jpeg) + +你可以通过下面的链接获取该图标主题： + +- [下载Simple icon theme for Gnome][4] + +到此，这一次精美图标主题介绍就结束了，但这绝不意味着终止。之后我还会继续给大家介绍更多的精美图标主题。此外，如果你有很棒的图标主题，而且没有在我们这次的**图标主题介绍**中提到，一定记得分享给我们哦。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://itsfoss.com/best-icon-themes-ubuntu-1404/ + +译者：[JonathanKang](https://github.com/JonathanKang) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://itsfoss.com/how-to-install-themes-in-ubuntu-13-10/ +[2]:http://0rax0.deviantart.com/art/Uniform-Icon-Theme-453054609 +[3]:http://malysss.deviantart.com/art/Plateau-0-2-391110900 +[4]:http://www.deviantart.com/art/Simple-icon-theme-426040287 From c2d0b0f4e1c654119af1b27a9e3d6ad0ff996994 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Wed, 21 May 2014 21:28:38 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 183/601] Update Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md --- ...xt 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md | 16 +++++++--------- 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md b/sources/tech/Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md index 9799f1edf5..260b92eb42 100644 --- a/sources/tech/Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md +++ b/sources/tech/Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md @@ -1,12 +1,10 @@ -alim0x tranalating - -Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro/Arch Linux +在Manjaro/Arch Linux上安装Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) ================================================================================ -[Sublime Text 3][1] is currently in beta. The latest build is 3059. We are going to install Sublime Text 3 build 3059 from AUR, from AUR. +[Sublime Text 3][1]目前还处于beta测试状态，目前最新的版本为Build 3059。 这个教程中我们将通过AUR安装Sublime Text 3 build 3059。 ![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Sublime_text_3_manjaro.png) -Open terminal and run the command below, follow the Y/N questions to continue. +打开终端并运行下列命令, 选择是否(Y/N)继续安装（这里选择Y）。 sudo yaourt -S sublime-text-dev @@ -27,10 +25,10 @@ Open terminal and run the command below, follow the Y/N questions to continue. ---------- - ==> sublime-text-dev install/upgrade note: + ==> sublime-text-dev 安装/升级 提示: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - To disable in-application reminders about new Sublime Text dev versions, - add the following setting to your User Preferences file: + 要禁用程序内Sublime Text开发版新版提醒， + 在你的个人偏好文件(User Preferences file)加入以下设置: "update_check": false ------------------------------------------------------------------ @@ -40,7 +38,7 @@ Open terminal and run the command below, follow the Y/N questions to continue. via: http://www.unixmen.com/install-sublime-text-3-build-3059-manjaroarch-linux/ -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 87fb51eca69c8f29444c12f43c8a400c532aef79 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Wed, 21 May 2014 21:30:53 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 184/601] Create Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md --- ...3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md | 45 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 45 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/tech/Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md diff --git a/translated/tech/Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md b/translated/tech/Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..260b92eb42 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +在Manjaro/Arch Linux上安装Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) +================================================================================ +[Sublime Text 3][1]目前还处于beta测试状态，目前最新的版本为Build 3059。 这个教程中我们将通过AUR安装Sublime Text 3 build 3059。 + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Sublime_text_3_manjaro.png) + +打开终端并运行下列命令, 选择是否(Y/N)继续安装（这里选择Y）。 + + sudo yaourt -S sublime-text-dev + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sublime_text_3_AUR.png) + + loading packages... + resolving dependencies... + looking for inter-conflicts... + Packages (1): sublime-text-dev-3.3059-1 + Total Installed Size: 16.02 MiB + :: Proceed with installation? [Y/n] y + (1/1) checking keys in keyring [########################################] 100% + (1/1) checking package integrity [########################################] 100% + (1/1) loading package files [########################################] 100% + (1/1) checking for file conflicts [########################################] 100% + (1/1) checking available disk space [########################################] 100% + (1/1) installing sublime-text-dev [########################################] 100% + +---------- + + ==> sublime-text-dev 安装/升级 提示: + ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + 要禁用程序内Sublime Text开发版新版提醒， + 在你的个人偏好文件(User Preferences file)加入以下设置: + "update_check": false + ------------------------------------------------------------------ + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sublime_text_3.png) + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.unixmen.com/install-sublime-text-3-build-3059-manjaroarch-linux/ + +译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.sublimetext.com/3 From c74feb9e0c9def5ba99139921ed145365000c9ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Wed, 21 May 2014 21:31:29 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 185/601] Delete Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md --- ...3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md | 45 ------------------- 1 file changed, 45 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md diff --git a/sources/tech/Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md b/sources/tech/Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md deleted file mode 100644 index 260b92eb42..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,45 +0,0 @@ -在Manjaro/Arch Linux上安装Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) -================================================================================ -[Sublime Text 3][1]目前还处于beta测试状态，目前最新的版本为Build 3059。 这个教程中我们将通过AUR安装Sublime Text 3 build 3059。 - -![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Sublime_text_3_manjaro.png) - -打开终端并运行下列命令, 选择是否(Y/N)继续安装（这里选择Y）。 - - sudo yaourt -S sublime-text-dev - -![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sublime_text_3_AUR.png) - - loading packages... - resolving dependencies... - looking for inter-conflicts... - Packages (1): sublime-text-dev-3.3059-1 - Total Installed Size: 16.02 MiB - :: Proceed with installation? [Y/n] y - (1/1) checking keys in keyring [########################################] 100% - (1/1) checking package integrity [########################################] 100% - (1/1) loading package files [########################################] 100% - (1/1) checking for file conflicts [########################################] 100% - (1/1) checking available disk space [########################################] 100% - (1/1) installing sublime-text-dev [########################################] 100% - ----------- - - ==> sublime-text-dev 安装/升级 提示: - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - 要禁用程序内Sublime Text开发版新版提醒， - 在你的个人偏好文件(User Preferences file)加入以下设置: - "update_check": false - ------------------------------------------------------------------ - -![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sublime_text_3.png) - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.unixmen.com/install-sublime-text-3-build-3059-manjaroarch-linux/ - -译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.sublimetext.com/3 From 1130229062b10be07eb028c26319a0966217be41 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Wed, 21 May 2014 21:41:34 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 186/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AHow=20to=20m?= =?UTF-8?q?anage=20your=20music=20library=20from=20the=20command=20line=20?= =?UTF-8?q?on=20Linux?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... library from the command line on Linux.md | 50 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/How to manage your music library from the command line on Linux.md (52%) diff --git a/translated/tech/How to manage your music library from the command line on Linux.md b/published/How to manage your music library from the command line on Linux.md similarity index 52% rename from translated/tech/How to manage your music library from the command line on Linux.md rename to published/How to manage your music library from the command line on Linux.md index af2cd30487..46420d54c8 100644 --- a/translated/tech/How to manage your music library from the command line on Linux.md +++ b/published/How to manage your music library from the command line on Linux.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ -如何在Linux的命令行中管理你的音乐库 +在Linux下用命令行中玩转音乐库 ================================================================================ -linux下的命令行可能是对于新手而言最恐怖的经历了。我记得花费数天的时间来尝试解码终端中错误信息。然而，这是完全值得的。如果我如今让我说只说一个让新手学习学习命令行的原因，，那可能是完全可以在命令行中管理音乐库。我喜欢用的软件是[cmus][1]，是"C* MUsic Player"(C音乐播放器)的简写，由于它完全由C写成。 +linux下的命令行可能是对于新手而言最恐怖的经历了。我记得花费若干小时来尝试搞明白终端爆出的错误信息。当然，这是完全值得的！如果现在让我只能挑一个让新手学习学习命令行的原因，那可能就是用命令行来整个管理音乐库。在这个事情上，我喜欢用的软件叫做[cmus][1]，是"C* MUsic Player"(C音乐播放器)的简写，它完全由C写成。 -cmus是一个强力的内置音频播放器的音乐文件管理器。使用它基于ncurses的命令行界面，你可以浏览你的音乐库，并从播放列表或队列中播放音乐，这一切都在命令行下。 +cmus是一个内置了音频播放器的强大的音乐文件管理器。用它的基于ncurses的命令行界面，你可以浏览你的音乐库，并从播放列表或队列中播放音乐，这一切都是在命令行下。 ### Linux上安装cmus ### -首先，你需要如下设置并安装cmus。 +首先，你需要按照如下建议设置并安装cmus。 在Ubuntu, Debian 或者Linux Mint中: @@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ cmus是一个强力的内置音频播放器的音乐文件管理器。使用它 $ cmus -### 导入 [音乐文件][4] 到 cmus ### +### 导入音乐文件到 cmus ### -第一件要做的事情是导入你的音乐文件到你的库中。这个过程马上揭露了两件事情：快捷方式是受到了vim的启发，还有cmus运行的很快。我已经在20秒之内成功地导入了超过1000首歌！ 在iTunes或者其他任何图形音乐库软件下试一下，你就会有足够的时间来做一份花生酱三明治。 +第一件要做的事情是导入你的音乐文件到你的库中。这个过程可以看出两个事情：快捷方式受到了vim的命令模式的启发；还有cmus运行的很快。我已经在20秒之内成功地导入了超过1000首歌！而在iTunes或者其他任何图形音乐库软件下试一下导入，我想你会有足够的时间来做一份花生酱三明治 :>。 要在cmus下面导入音乐，输入下面的像vim一样的命令。 @@ -54,21 +54,21 @@ cmus是一个强力的内置音频播放器的音乐文件管理器。使用它 - **z** 播放前一首音乐 - **s** 激活随机播放 -掌握完后，你应该已经准备好开始了！ +记住之后，我们就准备开始了！ ### 基本使用 ### -cmus的界面由7个标签组成，你可以按下适当的数字键来访问。比如，启动页面是一个树形标签界面，你随时可以通过按下1来访问。这个标签可以很直观地来使用：通过上下键来导航位于左侧面板的艺术家，按下空格就可以看到特定艺术家的专辑，使用tab键来切换到右侧面板来选择独立的歌曲，最后按下回车键来播放音乐。 +cmus的界面由7个界面组成，你可以按下适当的数字键来访问。比如，启动页面是一个树形界面，你随时可以通过按下“1”来访问。这个界面可以很直观地来使用：通过上下键来导航位于左侧面板的艺术家，按下空格就可以看到特定艺术家的专辑，使用tab键来切换到右侧面板来选择某个歌曲，最后按下回车键来播放音乐。 ![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7174/13998349312_74c4586d17_z.jpg) 如你所见，底部显示了艺术家的名字，专辑，和正在播放歌曲的标题，还有时间和音量。 -第二个标签与第一个刚才显示的类似，显示了按照艺术家排列的歌曲列表。 +第二个界面与第一个刚才显示的类似，显示了按照艺术家排列的歌曲列表。 ![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7080/13998371701_be03208c2f_z.jpg) -然而，第三个标签更加有趣，因为他显示了目前的播放列表。要在树形视图或者列表视图下增加一首歌曲，只要在选中的歌曲上输入'y'。一旦创建完成后，用命令行保存下来。 +然而，第三个界面更有用些，它显示了目前的播放列表。要在树形视图或者列表视图下增加一首歌曲，只要在选中的歌曲上输入'y'。当你创建了一个完美的歌单之后，用如下的命令行保存下来。 :save /path/to/playlist @@ -78,15 +78,15 @@ cmus的界面由7个标签组成，你可以按下适当的数字键来访问。 ![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7385/13978441446_2c10f35507_z.jpg) -第四个标签显示的是队列。队列与播放列表的一点不同是，一旦歌曲是按队列播放的，播放结束后就会被移出队列。要把一首歌加入队列，就像把它加到播放列表一样，但是使用快捷方式："e" +第四个界面显示的是队列。队列与播放列表的一点不同是，一旦歌曲是按队列播放的，播放结束后就会被移出队列。要把一首歌加入队列，就像把它加到播放列表一样，但是使用快捷方式："e" ![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7201/14001984094_58719269c3_z.jpg) -第五个标签也同样很有趣，因为它是一个轻量级的文件浏览器。当你在你的电脑中查找一首歌曲而不必加入到库中的时候很有用。导航方式也非常标准：用向上或者向下键，回车键用来进入文件夹或者选中一个文件。 +第五个界面也同样很有用，它是一个轻量级的文件浏览器。当你在你的电脑中查找一首歌曲而不必加入到库中的时候很有用。导航方式也非常标准：用向上或者向下键，回车键用来进入文件夹或者选中一个文件。 ![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5217/14001984224_785aac0ddb_z.jpg) -第六标签是一个库过滤器，用来动态创建播放列表。如它听上去的那样，过滤器会遍历你的库，并且只显示符合相关规则定义的音乐。之后我会描述定义你自己的过滤器，但是cmus已经自带了一些。要试一下，只要使用: +第六界面是一个库过滤器，用来动态创建播放列表。如它听上去的那样，过滤器会遍历你的库，并且只显示符合相关规则定义的音乐。之后我会描述如何定义你自己的过滤器，但是cmus已经自带了一些。要试一下，只要使用: :filter [name of the filter] @@ -94,19 +94,19 @@ cmus的界面由7个标签组成，你可以按下适当的数字键来访问。 :filter classical -除了"Classical"标签的音乐，它会隐藏你库中所有的音乐。 +除了带有"Classical"标签的音乐，它会隐藏你库中所有的其它音乐。 ![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7245/14001543625_a508ec9304_z.jpg) -最后但同样重要的，第七个标签是设置。在这里，你可以定义你的快捷方式和命令。我会在下一部分给你一些例子。 +最后但同样重要的，第七个界面是设置。在这里，你可以定义你的快捷方式和命令。我会在下一部分给你一些例子。 ![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5079/13998371761_df1f9b7fae_z.jpg) ### 高级用法 ### -正如承诺那样，你现在已经更加熟悉界面了，我会给你一些贴士来增强你的体验。 +正如承诺那样，你现在已经更加熟悉界面了，我会给你一些小技巧来增强你的体验。 -要在标签中搜索任何东西，只要如vim那样使用相同的快捷方式 +要在界面中搜索任何东西，只要如vim那样使用相同的快捷方式 /[keyword] @@ -120,33 +120,33 @@ cmus的界面由7个标签组成，你可以按下适当的数字键来访问。 :fset [name of the new filter]=[expression] -比如，你可以找到所有的老的摇滚音乐: +比如，你可以找到所有的旧式摇滚音乐: :fset oldies=genre="Rock"&date<1970 -要了解更多关于你可以使用的表达式，我邀请你更多地在文档中挖掘已有的过滤器。 +要了解更多关于你可以使用的表达式，我建议你仔细阅读文档和已有的过滤器。 -要激活重新播放所有的音乐，使用如下命令: +要重新播放所有的音乐（不过滤），使用如下命令: :set replaygain=1 -要改变快捷方式到不同的键上，进入设置标签并找出现有的绑定表达式。举个例子来说，我想要将播放快捷方式从"x"改到"w",我会翻到下面的行： +要改变快捷键到不同的键上，进入设置界面并找出现有的绑定表达式。举个例子来说，我想要将播放快捷方式从"x"改到"w",我会翻到下面的行： common x player-play 接着按下回车，并改成下面的表达式 - :bind -f common w player-stop + :bind -f common w player-play -总的来说，我真的喜欢cmus。它还有许多本篇中没有提到的技巧，因此在你准备好后，应该认真要读一下[man帮组手册][5]。简而言之，cmus是一款快速，易于学习，尊重你的文件的软件。如果你喜欢从命令行下管理音乐库的想法，但是还没对cmus深信不疑，我邀请你先试一下一些替代品，如MOC和PyTone，它们同样也很棒。 +总的来说，我真的喜欢cmus。它还有许多本篇中没有提到的技巧，因此在你准备好后，应该认真要读一下[man帮助手册][5]。简而言之，cmus是一款快速的，易于学习，不会乱动你的文件的好软件。如果你喜欢从命令行下管理音乐库的想法，但是还没有成为cmus的忠实粉丝，我建议你可以先试一下一些替代品，如MOC和PyTone，它们同样也很棒。 -你认为cmus怎么样？你喜欢它么，或者作为GUI的替代品？让我在评论区知道你们的想法。 +你认为cmus怎么样？你喜欢它么，或者作为图形界面的替代品？让我在评论区知道你们的想法。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/manage-music-library-command-line-linux.html -译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 382b8793fa79e311b63f775693f64a80568a92ca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 09:47:49 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 187/601] Update Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md alim0x translating --- .../news/Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md b/sources/news/Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md index 75b02ec72c..98bae63423 100644 --- a/sources/news/Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md +++ b/sources/news/Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +alim0x translating + Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux ================================================================================ ![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Screen-Shot-2014-05-21-at-00.00.22.png) @@ -35,4 +37,4 @@ via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/google-chrome-35-linux-arrives-aura 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [1]:https://chrome.google.com/webstore/launcher -[2]:https://www.google.com/chrome/browser/ \ No newline at end of file +[2]:https://www.google.com/chrome/browser/ From 7e27d105f8a69edfe7f9560837b416e5fb3fa7bf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: carolinewuyan <309866211@qq.com> Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 11:36:37 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 188/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B7=B2=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md | 17 +++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/news/Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md b/translated/news/Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md index 45861da70b..f0a1f030d1 100644 --- a/translated/news/Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md +++ b/translated/news/Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md @@ -1,14 +1,14 @@ -通过Ubuntu AIO DVD将Ubuntu 14.04的所有版本刻录到一张光盘里 +通过 Ubuntu AIO DVD 将 Ubuntu 14.04 的所有版本刻录到一张光盘 ================================================================================ -Ubuntu有基于不同的桌面环境几个官方版本。默认的Ubuntu自带Unity桌面，Kubuntu的则是[KDE] [1]，Lubuntu用[LXDE] [2]，Xubuntu自带[Xfce] [3]。除此之外，还有一些其他的版本，但这些是最流行的官方桌面版本。 +Ubuntu 有基于不同桌面环境的几个官方版本。默认的 Ubuntu 自带 Unity 桌面，Kubuntu 则是[KDE] [1]，Lubuntu 用[LXDE] [2]，Xubuntu 自带[Xfce] [3]。除此之外，还有一些其它的版本，但这些是最流行的官方桌面版本。 -你该如何选择最适合你的Ubuntu？一种方法是下载的Ubuntu的不同版本的ISO镜像并且[通过Live CD或者USB实时运行] [4]。但是，这将意味着你将会下载多个ISO文件，一个个地写入USB盘或者Live CD。太傻了。 +你该如何选择最适合你的 Ubuntu？一种方法是下载 Ubuntu 不同版本的 ISO 镜像并且[通过Live CD或者USB实时运行] [4]。但是，这将意味着你将会下载多个 ISO 文件，一个个地写入 USB 盘或者 Live CD。有点麻烦，是吧？ -这就是[Ubuntu AIO(ALL IN ONE)][5]出现的原因。该项目是由[Start Ubuntu] [6]小组部分成员发起的，Ubuntu的AIO DVD可以让你在一张光盘或者一个U盘中尝试Ubuntu Unity，Lubuntu，Xubuntu，Kubuntu的和Ubuntu Gnome等不同版本。 +这就是[Ubuntu AIO(ALL IN ONE)][5]出现的原因。该项目是由[Start Ubuntu] [6]小组部分成员发起的，Ubuntu 的 AIO DVD 可以让你在一张光盘或者一个U盘中尝试 Ubuntu Unity，Lubuntu，Xubuntu，Kubuntu 和 Ubuntu Gnome 等不同版本。 ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Ubuntu-AIO-DVD.jpg) -当然Ubuntu AIO也有一些缺点。首先它体积太大了，有将近4.7GB。所以，它不适合于标准的4GB U盘。而且它只有两个版本，第一个是64位版本，包括有Ubuntu，Kubuntu的和Ubuntu Gnome，另外一个，则包含有32位版本的Xubuntu和Lubuntu。尽管有缺点，这是一个不错的项目，可以帮助我们选择恰当的Ubuntu版本。 +当然 Ubuntu AIO 也有一些缺点。首先它体积太大了，有将近4.7GB。所以，它不适合于标准的4GB U盘。而且它只有两个版本，第一个是64位版本，包括有 Ubuntu，Kubuntu 和 Ubuntu Gnome，另外一个，则包含有32位版本的 Xubuntu 和 Lubuntu。尽管有缺点，这是一个不错的项目，可以帮助我们选择恰当的 Ubuntu 版本。 下载 Ubuntu AIO DVD @@ -17,12 +17,13 @@ Ubuntu有基于不同的桌面环境几个官方版本。默认的Ubuntu自带Un 点[此][9]了解更多。 -享受Ubuntu吧！ +享受 Ubuntu 吧！ + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-aio-dvd-puts-ubuntu-1404-flavors-disk/ -译者：[MikeCoder](https://github.com/MikeCoder) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[MikeCoder](https://github.com/MikeCoder) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 @@ -34,4 +35,4 @@ via: http://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-aio-dvd-puts-ubuntu-1404-flavors-disk/ [6]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/StartUbuntu [7]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/ubuntuaiodvd/ [8]:http://linux.softpedia.com/get/Linux-Distributions/Ubuntu-AIO-DVD-103429.shtml -[9]:http://ubuntuaio.wordpress.com/about-us/ \ No newline at end of file +[9]:http://ubuntuaio.wordpress.com/about-us/ From ba63cd100dcb31198e5f91634c8d06966f72dda1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 12:16:15 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 189/601] Update How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md --- .../How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md b/sources/tech/How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md index fb56f22dc3..7b726b77ca 100644 --- a/sources/tech/How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md +++ b/sources/tech/How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +Translating by GOLinux ... + How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM ================================================================================ A typical network/system admin is responsible for managing one or more subnets within the network under control. For example, when a LAN segment is assigned a /24 subnet, a total of 254 IP addresses can be used for different purposes. To keep track of what IP addresses are assigned to which hosts, some sort of documentation is needed. The easiest way to do it would be maintaining a single spreadsheet which documents IP address allocation information. This works like a charm for a small network with only one admin. However, relying on a spreadsheet is not convenient and can be error-prone with multiple large networks. Worse, if there are multiple admins involved, updating the spreadsheet could be tricky as each admin could often end up with different versions of the document. @@ -190,4 +192,4 @@ via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/manage-ip-addresses-subnets-phpipam.html [5]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14030318447/ [6]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14216904305/ [7]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14193739966/ -[8]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14214506012/ \ No newline at end of file +[8]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14214506012/ From 26669ec0050ec1d17c20ec87f38b8eb88ad9b15d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: carolinewuyan <309866211@qq.com> Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 15:00:22 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 190/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9=E4=B8=AD?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... to take full length screenshots of websites via terminal.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/How to take full length screenshots of websites via terminal.md b/translated/tech/How to take full length screenshots of websites via terminal.md index 6a46fbfabc..a2caa1b8d6 100644 --- a/translated/tech/How to take full length screenshots of websites via terminal.md +++ b/translated/tech/How to take full length screenshots of websites via terminal.md @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ 输出样例： -![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/output2.png) +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/output2.png) **-t** 这个参数可以设置生成截图的超时时间。**-t 0** 则表示禁用超时参数。 From 1580812ee9ade7a91e858582420887208b4a10eb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: GOLinux Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 15:00:46 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 191/601] Translated: How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md --- ...e ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md | 195 ------------------ ...e ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md | 177 ++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 177 insertions(+), 195 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md diff --git a/sources/tech/How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md b/sources/tech/How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7b726b77ca..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,195 +0,0 @@ -Translating by GOLinux ... - -How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM -================================================================================ -A typical network/system admin is responsible for managing one or more subnets within the network under control. For example, when a LAN segment is assigned a /24 subnet, a total of 254 IP addresses can be used for different purposes. To keep track of what IP addresses are assigned to which hosts, some sort of documentation is needed. The easiest way to do it would be maintaining a single spreadsheet which documents IP address allocation information. This works like a charm for a small network with only one admin. However, relying on a spreadsheet is not convenient and can be error-prone with multiple large networks. Worse, if there are multiple admins involved, updating the spreadsheet could be tricky as each admin could often end up with different versions of the document. - -One way to manage IP address allocations more systematically is using a web based IP address management tool. Not only can the web based tool be accessed from anywhere, but a backend database also ensures that all updates to the database are properly synchronized and applied in real time. While there are many web applications available, we will be focusing on setting up [phpIPAM][1] (IP Address Manager) in this tutorial. phpIPAM is an open source, efficient IP address management application with the following features. - -- Support for both IPv4 and IPv6 (unlike many other tools, IPv6 support is very good) -- Built in IPv4 and IPv6 calculator -- Supports CIDR notations -- MySQL support -- Nested subnets -- User/group based permissions -- Visual reporting tool -- Import/export using .xls files -- Device, VRF, and VLAN support -- Powerful search engine -- Email notifications -- Supports AD/LDAP based authentication - -The demo site for phpIPAM is available at [http://demo.phpipam.net][2]. - -In this tutorial, we will be **setting up phpIPAM along with Apache web server in the Ubuntu environment**. - -### Installing phpIPAM on Ubuntu ### - -First of all, install required packages using apt-get. - - # apt-get install apache2 mysql-server php5 php5-gmp php-pear php5-mysql php5-ldap wget - -If MySQL has been installed for the first time, please set the root password using the following command. - - # mysqladmin -u root password NEWPASSWORD - -phpIPAM can be set up with any web server directory. We will set it up in the /phpipam/ sub directory under the root directory of Apache web server. - -Download phpIPAM package. - - # wget http://kent.dl.sourceforge.net/project/phpipam/phpipam-1.0.tar - -Extract the package into the web server directory. - - # cp phpipam-1.0.tar /var/www/ - # cp /var/www/ - # tar xvf phpipam-1.0.tar - # rm phpipam-1.0.tar - -Now, specify the MySQL username and password, as well as its base directory. - - # vim /var/www/phpipam/config.php - ----------- - - $db['host'] = "localhost"; - - ## MySQL user for ipam ## - $db['user'] = "phpipam"; - - ## password for the MySQL user ## - $db['pass'] = "phpipamadmin"; - - ## database for MySQL ## - $db['name'] = "phpipam"; - - ## base directory ## - define('BASE', "/phpipam/"); - -The base directory needs to be defined in the provided .htaccess file. - - # vim /var/www/phpipam/.htaccess - -> RewriteBase /phpipam/ - -### Preparing Apache Web Server ### - -phpIPAM needs the rewrite module for operation. The module can be enabled in an Ubuntu or Debian machine using a2enmod command as follows. - - # a2enmod rewrite - -Next, Apache's default configuration needs to be changed as well. Please add/modify your configuration to look like the one below. - - # vim /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default - ----------- - - - Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews - AllowOverride all - Order allow,deny - allow from all - - -Finally, restart Apache web service. - - # service apache2 restart - -### Finalizing Installation ### - -We can finalize the installation of phpIPAM by using the web browser. Pointing the browser to the URL: http:///phpIPAM will show the following phpIPAM installation page. We can proceed to automatic database installation. - -![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2928/14216904555_0095bf048f_z.jpg) - -![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2934/14193740116_afc44b8338_z.jpg) - -Now phpIPAM should be up and running. We can login using the following default credentials. - -- **URL**: http:///phpipam -- **User**: Admin -- **Pass**: ipamadmin - -### Manage IP Addresses with phpIPAM ### - -In the rest of the tutorial, we will walk you through how to manage subnets and IP addresses with phpIPAM. - -#### Creating a section #### - -Let us start by adding a section for our network. Click on Administration > Sections. - -![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2926/14213603451_3c2918805c.jpg) - -Click on "Add Section". Now we can name our section as we want it to be displayed. Fill in the details of the section. - -[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5195/14030287410_3d07a582ce_z.jpg)][3] - -#### Creating a subnet #### - -Next, we add a new subnet 172.16.1.0/24 under the section 'Our Network'. Click on Our Network > Add Subnet - -![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2925/14213603401_e16917bb7a_z.jpg) - -![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2937/14216715144_0427165702_z.jpg) - -Now we can easily add IP addresses in the subnet. One method of adding IP addresses is to add them one by one. phpIPAM provides an alternative method to scan all the hosts and add them automatically without much hassle. It can scan the local subnet located in the same broadcast domain, as well as remote subnets reachable through routing. After selecting a subnet, click on 'scan subnet for new hosts' to scan IP addresses as shown below. - -[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5157/14193740006_ac2a01a3aa_o.png)][4] - -After the scan is performed, the discovered IP addresses can be added into the database by clicking the 'Add discovered hosts' button at the bottom. - -#### Creating an IPv6 subnet #### - -IPv6 subnets can also be created in a similar process. We specify the IPv6 network as showed in the screenshot. - -![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2922/14216715104_de8008bf94_z.jpg) - -All the tools available for IPv4 can be used for IPv6 as well. - -#### Creating a nested subnet #### - -phpIPAM also provides the option of creating nested subnets for both IPv4 and IPv6. For example, we will be dividing our IP block 172.16.1.0/24 into 4 smaller subnets (/26), each for a specific department within the organization. After selecting the /24 subnet, we can create a nested subnet using the 'Add a new nested subnet' button. The screenshot below shows the icon for adding a nested subnet. - -[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5272/14030318447_66e4511cd6_o.png)][5] - -After all the subnets have been created, we should have similar output. Following is a nested subnet preview window. - -[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5231/14216904305_5af77616f7_z.jpg)][6] - -#### Adding users and groups #### - -First, we will create a group with READ/WRITE permission to the section 'Our network'. This can be done by selecting Administration > Groups > Create Group. - -![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2899/14030230539_73b1d5f7d4_z.jpg) - -Now that the group has been created, we modify section permission by selecting Administration > Sections, and then editing the section. - -[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5489/14193739966_11a244e23b_z.jpg)][7] - -![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2930/14030230519_597088ba26_z.jpg) - -We will create a user named 'user1'. We will add the user to the group 'Demonstration group' so that it inherits all necessary permissions from the group. We start by clicking on Administration > Users > Create user. - -[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5585/14214506012_a581eef7de_z.jpg)][8] - -Now we can log in as this user and add/modify IP addresses under the section 'Our network'. - -To sum up, phpIPAM is a versatile IP address management tool that can be used for both IPv4 and IPv6. This tutorial focused on the basics that can help you get started. Be sure to test with all the available features like using IP address calculator, adding devices, VLANs and VRFs, and import/export using xls. - -Hope this helps. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/manage-ip-addresses-subnets-phpipam.html - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://phpipam.net/ -[2]:http://demo.phpipam.net/ -[3]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14030287410/ -[4]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14193740006/ -[5]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14030318447/ -[6]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14216904305/ -[7]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14193739966/ -[8]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14214506012/ diff --git a/translated/tech/How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md b/translated/tech/How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a934939bb6 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md @@ -0,0 +1,177 @@ +Translating by GOLinux ... + +如何使用phpIPAM来管理IP地址和子网 +================================================================================ +通常，网络或系统管理员有责任来管理所管理的网络下的一个或多个子网。例如，当一个网段分配了/24子网，那么该子网就有254个IP地址可以用于不同目的。要跟踪某个IP被分配到了哪个主机，就需要某种文件编制。最简单的方法，就是使用一个电子表格来记录IP地址的分配信息。此方法对于只有一个管理员，并且网络很小的情况下比较奏效。然而，对于多个大型网络而言，依赖于电子表格并不方便，而且十分容易出错。更糟糕的是，如果有多个管理员参与管理，更新电子表格就十分麻烦了，因为每个管理员可能生成各种不同版本的文档记录。 + +一种系统地管理IP地址分配的方式是使用网络化的IP地址管理工具。不仅仅是因为网络化管理工具能在任何地方访问并管理，而且其后端数据库也能保证所有更新能正确同步并实时生效。尽管有许多可用的网络化应用工具，但我们将在此教程中关注如何来安装[phpIPAM][1]（IP地址管理工具）。phpIPAM是一个开源、高效的IP地址管理应用软件，有着以下一些特性。 + +- 同时支持IPv4和IPv6（和其它工具不同，它对IPv6支持得很好） +- 内建IPv4和IPv6计算器 +- 支持无类域间路由（CIDR）标记 +- 支持MySQL数据库 +- 子网嵌套 +- 基于用户/组权限 +- 可视化报表工具 +- 使用.xls文件导入/导出 +- 支持设备、VRF和VLAN +- 强大的搜索引擎 +- 电子邮件标记 +- 支持基于AD/LDAP的验证 + +可访问[http://demo.phpipam.net][2]查看phpIPAM演示网站。 + +在本教程中，我们将**在Ubuntu环境中使用Apache来配置phpIPAM**。 +### 在Ubuntu上安装phpIPAM ### +首先，使用apt-get来安装需要的软件包。 + + # apt-get install apache2 mysql-server php5 php5-gmp php-pear php5-mysql php5-ldap wget +如果MySQL是首次安装，请使用以下命令来设置root密码。 + + # mysqladmin -u root password NEWPASSWORD +phpIPAM可以安装在任何Web服务器目录中，我们将会安装到Apache Web服务器的根目录下的/phpipam/子目录中。 + +下载phpIPAM软件包。 + + # wget http://kent.dl.sourceforge.net/project/phpipam/phpipam-1.0.tar +将软件包解压到Web服务器相应目录。 + + # cp phpipam-1.0.tar /var/www/ + # cp /var/www/ + # tar xvf phpipam-1.0.tar + # rm phpipam-1.0.tar + +现在来指定MySQL的用户名和密码，同时指定基准目录。 + + # vim /var/www/phpipam/config.php + +---------- + + $db['host'] = "localhost"; + + ## MySQL user for ipam ## + $db['user'] = "phpipam"; + + ## password for the MySQL user ## + $db['pass'] = "phpipamadmin"; + + ## database for MySQL ## + $db['name'] = "phpipam"; + + ## base directory ## + define('BASE', "/phpipam/"); + +需要在提供的.htaccess文件中指定基准目录。 + + # vim /var/www/phpipam/.htaccess + +> RewriteBase /phpipam/ + +### 准备Apache Web服务器 ### +phpIPAM需要为该操作重写模块，该模块可以在Ubuntu或Debian机器上使用以下命令来启用。 + + # a2enmod rewrite +接下来，需要修改Apache的默认配置。请添加/修改你的配置，使它看起来像下面这样。 + + # vim /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default + +---------- + + + Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews + AllowOverride all + Order allow,deny + allow from all + + +最后，重启Apache Web服务。 + + # service apache2 restart + +### 完成安装 ### +我们可以使用浏览器来完成phpIPAM的安装。将浏览器地址指向URL: http:///phpIPAM，将会显示以下phpIPAM安装页面。我们可以开始自动化数据库安装。 + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2928/14216904555_0095bf048f_z.jpg) + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2934/14193740116_afc44b8338_z.jpg) + +现在，phpIPAM应该已经起来，并正在运行了，我们可以使用以下默认凭证来登录。 + +- **URL**: http:///phpipam +- **User**: Admin +- **Pass**: ipamadmin + +### 使用phpIPAM管理IP地址 ### +在本教程的剩下部分，我们将引领你进入phpIPAM的子网和IP地址管理。 +#### 创建区域 #### +让我们从为我们的网络创建区域开始吧。点击“管理” > “区域”。 + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2926/14213603451_3c2918805c.jpg) + +点击“添加区域”。现在我们可以为我们的添加的区域取个你想要的名称了，填上区域的详细情况。 + +![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5195/14030287410_3d07a582ce_z.jpg)][3] + +#### 创建子网 #### +接下来，在“我们的网络”区域下添加一个新的子网172.16.1.0/24。点击“我们的网络” > “添加子网” + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2925/14213603401_e16917bb7a_z.jpg) + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2937/14216715144_0427165702_z.jpg) + +现在，我们可以很容易地在子网中添加IP地址了。一种方法是逐个来添加它们，phpIPAM提供了一个可供选择的方法：扫描所有主机并自动添加，这一点都不麻烦。它可以扫描位于同一广播域下的本地子网，也可以通过路由扫描到远程子网。在选择一个子网后，像下面这样点击“扫描子网中的新主机”来扫描IP地址。 + +![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5157/14193740006_ac2a01a3aa_o.png)][4] + +在扫描完成后，发现的IP地址可以通过点击底部“添加发现的主机”按钮来将IP地址添加到数据库。 +#### 创建IPv6子网 #### +可以通过相似的步骤来创建IPv6子网，像下面截图中展示的那样来指定IPv6网络。 + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2922/14216715104_de8008bf94_z.jpg) + +所有用于IPv4的工具也可以用于IPv6. +#### 创建嵌套子网 #### +phpIPAM也提供了创建嵌套子网的选项，可以用于IPv4和IPv6。例如，我们将172.16.1.0/24 IP区块划分成4个更小的子网（/26），每个子网用于组织内特定的部门。在选择/24子网后，我们可以使用“添加新的嵌套子网”按钮来创建嵌套子网。截图中展示了添加嵌套子网的图标。 + +![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5272/14030318447_66e4511cd6_o.png)[5] + +在所有的子网创建完毕后，我们应该有相同的输出。以下是嵌套子网预览窗口。 + +![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5231/14216904305_5af77616f7_z.jpg)[6] + +#### 添加用户和组 #### +首先，我们将为“我们的网络”创建一个具有读/写权限的组。这项工作可以通过选择“管理” > “组” > “创建组”来完成。 + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2899/14030230539_73b1d5f7d4_z.jpg) + +既然组已经被创建完成，那么我们来修改区域权限，选择“管理” > “区域”，然后编辑区域。 + +![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5489/14193739966_11a244e23b_z.jpg)[7] + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2930/14030230519_597088ba26_z.jpg) + +我们将创建一个名为“user1”的用户，添加该用户到“演示组”，以便该用户能从该组集成有所必要的权限。我们从点击“管理” > “用户” > “创建用户”开始。 + +[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5585/14214506012_a581eef7de_z.jpg)][8] + +现在，我们能以该用户身份登录，并添加/修改“我们的网络”下的IP地址。 + +最后小结，phpIPAM是一个多样化的IP地址管理工具，可以用于IPv4和IPv6。本教程仅关注基本内容，以帮助你开始使用该工具。你一定要测试所有可用的特性，如使用IP地址计算器，添加设备，VLAN和VRF，以及使用.xls导入/导出。 + +希望本教程对你有所帮助。 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/manage-ip-addresses-subnets-phpipam.html + +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://phpipam.net/ +[2]:http://demo.phpipam.net/ +[3]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14030287410/ +[4]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14193740006/ +[5]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14030318447/ +[6]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14216904305/ +[7]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14193739966/ +[8]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14214506012/ From 87a3f267140383fe26b2543b8d6696083e41d898 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 15:06:18 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 192/601] Update How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md --- ...pplications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md b/sources/tech/How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md index f34554c90f..d5b9426c1d 100644 --- a/sources/tech/How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md +++ b/sources/tech/How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +Translating by GOLinux ... + How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop ================================================================================ The biggest complaint you can hear those days about Ubuntu is the new Unity interface. I remember leaving for Archlinux precisely when Unity started to rise, and when it was made clear that it was here to stay. However, Unity indirectly has led to good consequences: it allowed other distributions and other desktop environments to become more prominent as people were unhappy with it. If your system can support it, no one is against a bit of eye candy. @@ -67,4 +69,4 @@ via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/launch-applications-differently-gnome-pie-linux- 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [1]:https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/gnome-pie/ -[2]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14247093043/ \ No newline at end of file +[2]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14247093043/ From 22430e7db8fa637be33213ed11d6127bf31aad0d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 15:32:53 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 193/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140522-1=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...e 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md | 41 +++++++++++++++++++ ... 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md | 25 +++++++++++ ...orn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md | 41 +++++++++++++++++++ 3 files changed, 107 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md create mode 100644 sources/news/Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md create mode 100644 sources/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md diff --git a/sources/news/Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md b/sources/news/Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..766b32f415 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4 +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Smallest-OS-for-Raspberry-Pi-piCore-5-3-Returns-with-Linux-Kernel-3-14-4-443246-2.jpg) + +**The Tiny Core team has announced that piCore 5.3, the Raspberry Pi port of Tiny Core Linux, has just received a new version and is now available for download.** + +The Tiny Core developers are actually responsible for a larger number of other distributions that are built with the same foundations. There are a number of variants available from the developer. There is the Core version (base system the provides only a command line interface for experienced users), TinyCore (recommended option for new users who have a wired network connection), and CorePlus (an installation image, not a Live one). + +Team Tiny Core is not at the first release of this Linux distribution, but some improvements were necessary, although the changes are not all that big, with the exception of a new Linux kernel. + +According to the changelog, the Linux kernel has been updated to version 3.14.4, the Raspberry Pi firmware has been updated to its latest version (May release), e2fsprogs has been updated to version 1.42.10, HDMI sound is now working at 192 kbit/s rate, CMA and FIQ-FSM are now enabled by default, and sudo is now used when unmounting meta-extensions. + +It's possible to update previous versions on Raspberry Pi without removing the SD card, and the devs have posted some instructions on how to do this. + +“Download piCore-5.3rc4-boot.tar.gz extract to a temporary folder and overwrite content of /mnt/mmcblk0p1 after mounting it. It will overwrite custom boot options. If you have customized cmdline.txt on config.txt in the old system, do it again.” + +“Do not reboot if using wireless remote connection, otherwise you will lose connection due to incompatible kernel modules! Next download kernel module tcz's from the repo matching new kernel version and reboot. You must have a new, updated system working. Please note, there may be kernel module extensions which are not yet available in the repo,” read the notes posted on the official forums. + +A complete list of updates and changes can be found in the official announcement. You can download piCore 5.3 right now from Softpedia. + +Raspberry Pi relies on an ARM processor with a clock speed of 700 MHz, 512 MB of RAM, an SD card slot, and a 5V Micro USB connector that supplies the power. It also features RCA and HDMI ports. + +The Raspberry Pi port of Tiny Core Linux is an independent system architected by Robert Shingledecker and now developed by a small team with strong community support. + +If you are not familiar with the Tiny Core family of Linux distributions, you need to know that this is a modular-based system with community-built extensions. It usually implements the latest Linux kernel vmlinuz 3.0 and a 5MB core.gz. + +### Tiny Core Linux piCore 5.3: Free Download ### + +- [Tiny Core Linux piCore 5.3 (zip) Multiple editions][3][binary] [14 MB] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Smallest-OS-for-Raspberry-Pi-piCore-5-3-Returns-with-Linux-Kernel-3-14-4-443246.shtml + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://forum.tinycorelinux.net/index.php/topic,17061.0.html +[2]:http://linux.softpedia.com/get/Linux-Distributions/Tiny-Core-Linux-piCore-103260.shtml +[3]:http://tinycorelinux.net/5.x/armv6/releases/5.3/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/news/Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md b/sources/news/Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0278cd47d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Turn-Ubuntu-and-Debian-Jessie-into-Windows-7-and-Windows-8-with-WinAte-Theme-Pack-443302-3.jpg) + +**WinAte, the theme pack that will turn your Ubuntu and Debian installation into a Windows 7 of Windows 8 look-alike, has just received a new update.** + +There was a time when it was easy to change the look of most Linux distributions and make them look like a Windows counterpart, but that time has passed. There are only a handful that can still be modified, and Ubuntu and Debian Jessie are among them. + +“With this brand-new WinAte - Windows 7/8 Transformation Pack for LXDE - you will be able to get all the icons and overall appearance of Windows to your GNU/Linux box, without spending lots of resources nor having to adapt old Gnome 2 themes. Everything works just by executing the install.sh script. Just do that, logout and login again, and there should be a different feeling in the whole system,” reads the official website. + +The package has a few dependencies that are very easy to meet: gtk2-engines-murrine, gtk2-engines-pixbuf, and compton. The installation is very simple and the instructions can be followed by anyone. + +This theme is probably the closest that users will ever going to get to Windows 7 or Windows 8 in term of look, but it ca be used to help people migrate to Linux more easily. + +You can download the WinAte - Windows 7/8 Theme pack from [gnome-look.org][1]. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Turn-Ubuntu-and-Debian-Jessie-into-Windows-7-and-Windows-8-with-WinAte-Theme-Pack-443302.shtml + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://gnome-look.org/content/show.php/%5BLXDE%5DWinAte+-+Windows+7%2B8+Theme+pack?content=163150 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md b/sources/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8f9708e1fa --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5 +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-14-10-Utopic-Unicorn-Now-Based-on-Linux-Kernel-3-15-RC5-443260-2.jpg) + +**The development of Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) started a few weeks ago and now the developers have made the first major change to it by adding a new Linux kernel.** + +Usually, the development of a new version of Ubuntu begins by basing it on the latest release, in this case Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. The team starts adding new packages to the distribution, usually stuff that didn't have a chance to make it into the previous one. One of the key components for a Linux distribution is the Linux kernel, and this package has been updated as well. + +Ubuntu 14.04 LTS shipped with Linux kernel 3.13 and the developers didn't get a chance to add the 3.14 branch into the mix. It shipped too late and there wasn't enough time to test it. Until now, the Ubuntu team didn't say what kernel they were targeting for the final release, but they have implemented the 3.15 build, even if it's still under development. + +“We have uploaded our first v3.15 based kernel, 3.15.0-1.5, to the Utopic archive. It is currently based on the v3.15-rc5 upstream kernel,” [said Joseph Salisbury][1] in the regular Ubuntu Kernel Team meeting. + +It's very likely that at least another version of Linux kernel, 3.16, will have already been released by the time Ubuntu 14.10 hits the kernel freeze (past this point the kernel can no longer be updated), so this might be the one that will get implemented by October. + +If nothing out of the ordinary happens with the kernel development, each cycle usually features eight to ten Release Candidates, but this number can vary. Linus Torvalds usually releases a new RC every week, but it's not set in stone. For example, it's been almost two weeks since the last RC in the 3.15 series. + +Canonical has to consider that Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS and Ubuntu 14.04.1 will also be released in the coming months and the kernel freeze for this version is only 5 weeks away. + +Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) promises to be a very interesting version and there is already talk about a new flavor, featuring Unity 8 and Mir, that could be launched in parallel with the regular one. + +If you really want to see what is happening on the Ubuntu 14.10 front you can always [download the daily image][2] and give it a spin. For now it's almost identical with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, but that will soon change. + +### download ### + +- [Ubuntu 14.10 Daily Build (ISO) 64-bit][3][iso] [965 MB] +- [Ubuntu 14.10 Daily Build (ISO) 32-bit][4][iso] [971 MB] +- [Ubuntu 14.10 Daily Build (ISO) 64-bit Mac][5][iso] [963 MB] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-14-10-Utopic-Unicorn-Now-Based-on-Linux-Kernel-3-15-RC5-443260.shtml + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-devel/2014-May/038305.html +[2]:http://linux.softpedia.com/get/Linux-Distributions/Ubuntu-Utopic-Unicorn-103418.shtml +[3]:http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/daily-live/current/utopic-desktop-amd64.iso +[4]:http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/daily-live/current/utopic-desktop-i386.iso +[5]:http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/daily-live/current/utopic-desktop-amd64+mac.iso \ No newline at end of file From f0ba015619d93935f7cf5fd4ecfe56b7680335ea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 15:37:15 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 194/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140522-2=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...e Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned.md | 57 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 57 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned.md diff --git a/sources/talk/The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned.md b/sources/talk/The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8142cf3e2f --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned.md @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned +================================================================================ +> The open source community has been turning on itself lately, just like the good old days. + +Open source has gone soft. We used to pass the time with hangings of the ideologically impure, but of late we've had this weird obsession with sharing code and innovation. + +Fortunately, this streak of pragmatism was bound to end. In the past few weeks, we've picketed Mozilla for supporting DRM and pilloried Red Hat for competing against OpenStack rivals. The community that once spent years counting the number of free software angels that were bumped off the [Open Core][1] pin is back to eating its own. + +And oh, how we missed it! + +### Red Hat Rewinds To 2003 ### + +Red Hat, arguably the poster child for open source idealism, has come under fire in the past week for—wait for it!—refusing to support its competitors. ReadWrite's Jodi Mardesich [does an excellent job uncovering][2] the accusations and Red Hat's labored defense, but ultimately, the real issue is this: + +Red Hat doesn't want to support competitors, and its OpenStack competitors don't like that much. + +In what other universe would this even be news? + +### Mozilla Becomes A Mudblood ### + +The problem for Red Hat is that it has such a strong track record of open source idealism that it's an easy target if it looks like it's coloring outside the lines. But Mozilla, if anything, offers an even bigger target. + +Mozilla, for its part, committed the cardinal sin of serving its users. The organization that recently went through a bout of self-immolation over its ousted CEO's politics has been called on the carpet for agreeing to embed DRM technology in the otherwise pure Firefox browser code so that its users can—gasp!—watch videos on the Web. + +No, really. People want to watch videos and Mozilla prefers they watch those videos in its browser. Stop the presses! + +Ever ready to make much of others' ideological failings, the Free Software Foundation [blasted Mozilla][3], expressing its "deep disappoint[ment]" in Mozilla because its "decision compromises important principles in order to alleviate misguided fears about loss of browser market share." + +After all, why should Mozilla bother with such silly things as, you know, actually being useful to customers? + +Not to be outdone in the moralizing department, the [Electronic Frontier Foundation tsktsk's the decision][4], lamenting that "the last holdout for the open web has fallen." It goes on to argue that Mozilla's capitulation "changes the industry by accepting DRM" because such "repeated compromises to the needs of DRM advocates by tech company after tech company [are] transforming [the personal computer industry] into a sector that is dominated by established interests and produces locked-down devices, monitored and managed by everyone but their users." + +Well, maybe. Or maybe, as Mozilla chair [Mitchell Baker explains][5] without such capitulation "Firefox users would need to use another browser every time they want to watch a controlled video, and that calls into question the usefulness of Firefox as a product." + +Um, yes. + +### A Return To Our Ideological Roots ### + +However much we may want to force others to live by our absolutist ideals, the reality is that others may have different priorities. As free software gave way to open source, its more pragmatic cousin, a fixed fetish on "the one true way" to license software, also withered. + +And yet, such ideological handwringing is useful, if not always convenient or pleasant. As much as I prefer the pragmatism of open source/Apache Software Foundation crowd, there's great benefit in the grating reminders of what's at stake from the more ideologically minded free software/GPL group. Software freedom actually does matter. + +As such, and despite my sarcastic tone above, I simultaneously dread and welcome a return to the constant self-flagellation of the free and open-source software communities. It makes open source less collaborative and more fractious, but it may also make it more powerful and relevant for decades to come. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://readwrite.com/2014/05/21/open-source-witch-hunt-mozilla-openstack-redhat#feed=/hack&awesm=~oEYDhxfP0Qv5hE + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_core +[2]:http://readwrite.com/2014/05/16/red-hat-openstack-mirantis-rhel-support +[3]:http://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-condemns-partnership-between-mozilla-and-adobe-to-support-digital-restrictions-management +[4]:https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2014/05/mozilla-and-drm +[5]:https://blog.mozilla.org/blog/2014/05/14/drm-and-the-challenge-of-serving-users/ \ No newline at end of file From 2bfdd24532cf43670cca5622b4b030915d55b4a6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 15:51:26 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 195/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140522-3=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...hView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md | 115 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 115 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md diff --git a/sources/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md b/sources/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..acc4b538bb --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,115 @@ +TechView: Linus Torvalds, Inventor of Linux +================================================================================ +![](http://images.huffingtonpost.com/2012-06-27-techscapelogocolumn1.jpg) + +> TechView is a new part of TechScape featuring exclusive interviews and long-running conversations with Technology glitterati about all things Technology. +> +> Our first conversation is with [Linus Torvalds][1] the legendary inventor of Linux and founder of the Open Source crusade. Torvalds was born in Helsinki, Finland the grandson of poet Ole Torvalds. Though he prefers to tell people he was named after the "Peanuts" character, the truth is he was named after Linus Pauling, two-time Nobel Prize-winner. His computer experience began with a Commodore, moved to a Sinclair and an IBM 386. He initially used a Minix OS which he swapped with his own Linux OS. Torvalds is married to wife, Tove, a six-time Finnish national karate champion, they have three daughters and live in San Jose, California. + +**TechView (TV)**: What excites you in Technology today? + +**Torvalds**: I'm pretty much an "eyes on the ground in front of you" kind of guy, so I get excited by actual new pieces of technology rather than some more fluffy "big trends". + +I love following what the hardware companies do, their newest chips, and what probably motivates me the most (since I'm a software person, after all) is people who come up with new algorithms and software to take advantage of all those new capabilities. + +**TV**: What really pisses you off in Technology today? How and why does it make you angry? + +**Torvalds**: I wouldn't say it makes me angry, but if there's something distasteful in the tech market, it's the glorification of the most visible "leaders". + +That very much includes me, btw. I think the whole "cult of personality" is pretty disturbing, and I hate how people take me and what I say too seriously. The same goes for Jobs, Ellison, Gates, you name it. I wish more people thought for themselves, and realized that the technology actually flows from all those random anonymous great engineers that are all around. + +I understand that people want and need a focus, and that it doesn't just happen in technology either (hey, I sure hope it happens less in technology than it happens in the entertainment industry ;), but it's still a bit sad. + +**TV**: How was it that you missed capturing "the licensing opportunity of a lifetime" but others such as Red Hat, SuSE, etc. didn't? Was this because if Linux wasn't Open Source it never would've been Linux? Tell me more about this and whether you've ever been kicking yourself over it. + +**TV**: I'm definitely not kicking myself over anything. I'm in the enviable position that I get to do what I love to do, and people respect me for it, and I'm even paid to do things that I would (and did) do for free! + +I think very few people get to feel like they have actually made a difference, and let me tell you, it's a good feeling to have. I was never very interested in the commercial side, and to me the people and companies who were able to take Linux and use it commercially are the people who did what I simply would never have had the drive to do. And it was needed, and useful, so I'm actually very grateful for the commercial entities: they've allowed me to concentrate on the parts I enjoy. + +**TV**: Who do you respect in Technology today and why? + +**Torvalds**: Heh. See my answer ranting against that whole "cult of personality". I'm just not all that impressed by the whole "let's find a person and put him on a pedestal" thing. + +So rather than name individuals, I'd be much happier to point to things like the EFF - the organizations (and sometimes just the notions and ideas) that try to not necessarily improve just their own lot in life, but try to do something concrete to help make technology work better in a bigger picture. + +On an individual level, I tend to like people who don't take themselves too seriously, and play well at what they do. If I had to pick some well-known individual, I think the Steve Wozniak kind of person is the kind that I'd prefer to be, and I guess that makes me respect him. + +**TV**: What happens in your estimation between Google and Microsoft when it's all been said and done? Why does the winner win? + +**Torvalds**: I don't think the winner is nearly as interesting as the process of it happening. + +In the whole Google vs. MS, I really don't think the companies themselves are as interesting as the changes in the technology environment that made the focus shift. It shifted from the company that controlled what happened on individual machines, to a company that is much more about the aggregate of tons of individual machines. + +**TV**: Why do you think the Tech Wreck, Dot-Com Debacle and Telecom Meltdown occurred? How can we prevent a repeat in the future? + +**Torvalds**: Actually, I'm going to be contrarian on that, and argue that there's no reason to "prevent a repeat". + +I'm a big believer in pushing the envelope, and I'm not a huge believer in trying to be entirely stable and 100% "sane". + +A lot of real development happens in spurts, and as part of what later is called "hype" and other unflattering things. But the thing is, trying too hard to be sane and boring and not doing stupid things is actually +counter-productive. + +I personally think the stable development model is not one of continual incremental improvements, but a succession of overshooting and crashing. + +The gradual incremental improvement may often look like the better strategy, but if you don't overshoot and crash occasionally, how do you ever know that you're actually ever pushing the envelope at all? + +**TV**: How will Technology change our lives in the future? Would you work with any other leaders in other sectors to create new technologies, Bioinformatics, for instance? + +**Torvalds**: My personal theory is that technology doesn't change our lives nearly as much as we tend to build our technology to suit our lives. + +Which is why you don't see flying cars etc favorite staples of science fiction - but instead see technology being used to lower the transaction costs of things that existed before but where it just wasn't practical +before to do them on a bigger scale or individually tailored (except, sometimes, for the insanely rich). + +So technology seldom directly changes our lives per se - although it often means that lots more people have access to things that used to be rare, or only limited to the insanely rich. + +The real changes come about when something gets so cheap and ubiquitous that that just causes you to behave differently. And in many ways, those behavioural changes are more interesting than the technology itself. + +For example, the one thing that the internet really did was to lower the "transaction cost" of finding and communicating with other people who shared your interests, and I think a lot of the real changes flowed from how people change their habits when it's easy to find other people who are interested in the same things without having to really even go to much effort. + +So you find all these specialty interest groups, and a lot of people spending a lot of time discussing the most esoteric issues that they just happen to find interesting - things that you simply couldn't necessarily +practically do before, because it was really hard to find and talk to people who were interested in some unusual speciality. + +And I think that's how lives really change - not really because of any new technological whiz-bang feature, but because a totally unintentional side effect of technology lowering the incremental costs. + +**TV**: Who in your estimation are the most important people in Technology today? + +**Torvalds**: I think it's a bit telling how a lot of technology is driven no longer by military or even commercial needs, but by the consumer market. I also think that a lot of the totally idiotic things that companies seem to be doing (DRM in particular) seem to be overlooking that the most important person for any technology always ends up being the "user". + +So I think the answer to your question as far as I'm concerned is the "user" aka "consumer", and that it's the most important part exactly because THAT is where the needs and the actual commercial successes will stem from. + +**TV**: What are some of your personal views? Religion? Politics? + +**Torvalds**: I'm completely a-religious--atheist. I find that people seem to think religion brings morals and appreciation of nature. I actually think it detracts from both. It gives people the excuse to say, 'Oh, nature was just created,' and so the act of creation is seen to be something miraculous. I appreciate the fact that, 'Wow, it's incredible that something like this could have happened in the first place.' Yeah, it's kind of ironic that in many European countries, there is actually a kind of legal binding between the state and the state religion. + +I became a United States citizen and I'm registered to vote in the United States. I don't support any political party because I have way too much personal pride to want to be associated with any of them, quite frankly. + +**TV**: Kiitos Linus! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/billrobinson/techview-linus-torvalds-i_b_5338844.html + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds +[2]: +[3]: +[4]: +[5]: +[6]: +[7]: +[8]: +[9]: +[10]: +[11]: +[12]: +[13]: +[14]: +[15]: +[16]: +[17]: +[18]: +[19]: +[20]: \ No newline at end of file From 0ce116a678cf2414fb3a956e2e4cb53d756ec631 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 16:00:11 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 196/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140522-4=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md | 120 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 120 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md diff --git a/sources/tech/Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md b/sources/tech/Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..578f63be21 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md @@ -0,0 +1,120 @@ +Linux Terminal: Dstat monitoring tools +================================================================================ +Dstat is a versatile replacement for vmstat, iostat, netstat and ifstat. Dstat overcomes some of their limitations and adds some extra features, more counters and flexibility. Dstat is handy for monitoring systems during performance tuning tests, benchmarks or troubleshooting. + +Dstat allows you to view all of your system resources in real-time, you can eg. compare disk utilization in combination with interrupts from your IDE controller, or compare the [network bandwidth][1] numbers directly with the disk throughput (in the same interval). + +Dstat gives you detailed selective information in columns and clearly indicates in what magnitude and unit the output is displayed. Less confusion, less mistakes. And most importantly, it makes it very easy to write plugins to collect your own counters and extend in ways you never expected. + +Dstat’s output by default is designed for being interpreted by humans in real-time, however you can export details to CSV output to a file to be imported later into Gnumeric or Excel to generate graphs. + +### Features ### + +- Combines vmstat, iostat, ifstat, netstat information and more +- Shows stats in exactly the same timeframe +- Enable/order counters as they make most sense during analysis/troubleshooting +- Modular design +- Written in python so easily extendable for the task at hand +- Easy to extend, add your own counters (please contribute those) +- Includes many external plugins to show how easy it is to add counters +- Can summarize grouped block/network devices and give total numbers +- Can show interrupts per device +- Very accurate timeframes, no timeshifts when system is stressed +- Shows exact units and limits conversion mistakes +- Indicate different units with different colors +- Show intermediate results when delay > 1 +- Allows to export CSV output, which can be imported in Gnumeric and Excel to make graphs + +### Installation ### + +Ubuntu/Mint and Debian: +The package it’s available on the repository, so you can easily install it with the command: + + # sudo apt-get install dstat + +RHEL/Centos and Fedora: + +The package it’s available in the rpmforge repository, so you can add it, see [this guide][2], and after that install it easily with the command: + + # yum install dstat + +ArchLinux: +The package it’s available in the community repository, so it can be easily installed with the command: + + # pacman -S dstat + +### Usage ### + +The basic usage of dstat it’s just the command dstat that produces an output like this one: + +![](http://cdn.linuxaria.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/dstat.png) + +The default will show you these information: + +**CPU stats**: What percentage of the CPU is in use. The more interesting sections of this report are user, system, and idle, which should break down most of the current CPU use. If you see high CPU use in the “wait” column there might be a problem elsewhere in the system. When a cpu “waits” it’s because it’s expecting a response from an I/O device (like memory, disk, or network) and hasn’t received it yet. + +**Disk stats**: Read and write activity to disks, this is the total for all of your disks. + +**Net stats**: Data sent and received on network devices, this is the total of all of your network devices. + +**Paging stats**: Paging activity on the system. Paging refers to a memory management technique used behind the scenes on your system. A high level of paging can indicate that the system is using a lot of swap space, or it could mean that memory is very fragmented, in general you want to see 0 0 for pages/in page/out. + +**System stats**: This shows interrupts (int) and context switches (csw). These stats are usually only useful if you have a baseline to compare them to. Higher stats in these columns usually indicate a large number of processes jostling for the CPU’s attention. Since your server is likely running many processes by default, there will always be some numbers there. + +By default dstat reports new figures every second. To quit dstat you can use “control-C”. +Note that the first line of the report is typically going to show nothing for all stats. +That’s because dstat operates by summarizing what it saw since its last report. When it first runs there’s no data to average or sum. + +It’s possible to control the delay between reports and the number of reports dstat will output in a run by passing 2 options. As example if you want dstat to run with default stats, wait 3 seconds between reports, and only report 10 results, you could run: + + dstat 3 10 + +In dstat there are a lot of options, you can see all with the command man dstat, some of the most useful parameters are: + +- -l = shows load statistics +- -m = shows the memory usage (used, buffer, cache, free) +- -r = displays I/O statistics, +- -s = shows the swap usage +- -t = puts the current time in the first column +- –fs = displays file system stats (includes amount of files and used inodes) +- –nocolor = sometimes very useful… +- –socket = shows interesting network statistics +- –tcp = displays common TCP stats +- –udp = shows you the listen and active figures for the UDP usage + +And that’s not all, dstat ships with a number of **plugins** that extend its capabilities greatly. It’s possible to check the directory /usr/share/dstat in order to view a list of them. Some of the most useful are: + +- –disk-util = shows how much the disks are busy at the moment +- –freespace = shows the current disk usage +- –proc-count = displays the number of running processes +- –top-bio = points to the most expensive block I/O process +- –top-cpu = draws the attention on the most expensive CPU process +- –top-io = shows the most expensive “normal” I/O process +- –top-mem = displays the process using the most memory + +Some examples: + +To see who is eating all the memory: + + dstat -g -l -m -s --top-mem + +To shows some stats about the CPU resource consumption: + + dstat -c -y -l --proc-count --top-cpu + +#### How to send to a csv file #### + +To send the output to a csv file for later use we can issue the following command: + + # dstat –output /tmp/sampleoutput.csv -cdn + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://linuxaria.com/howto/linux-terminal-dstat-monitoring-tools + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://linuxaria.com/tag/network +[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/install-and-enable-rpmforge-repository-in-rhel-centos-6-5-4/ \ No newline at end of file From 61fbfc008af71a5f903a64d7aed42a1864b6980f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 16:05:29 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 197/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140522-5=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md | 75 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 75 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md diff --git a/sources/tech/How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md b/sources/tech/How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c61691eeeb --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal +================================================================================ +![](http://cdn.linuxaria.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/terminal1.jpg) + +Your server appearing pretty slow could be many things from wrong configs, scripts and dodgy hardware – but sometimes it could be because someone is flooding your server with traffic known as DoS ( Denial of Service ) or DDoS ( Distributed Denial of Service ). + +Denial-of-service attack (DoS attack) or Distributed Denial-of-service attack (DDoS attack) is an attempt to make a machine or [network][1] resource unavailable to its intended users. This attack generally target sites or services hosted on high-profile web servers such as banks, credit card payment gateways, and even root nameservers. DoS attacks are implemented by either forcing the targeted computer to reset, or consuming its resources so that it can no longer provide its services or obstructs the communication media between the users and the victim so that they can no longer communicate adequately. + +In this small article you’ll see how to check if your server is under attack from the Linux [Terminal][2] with the netstat command + +From the man page of netstat “netstat – Print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships” + +### Some examples with explanation ### + + netstat -na + +This display all active Internet connections to the server and only established connections are included. + + netstat -an | grep :80 | sort + +Show only active Internet connections to the server on port 80, this is the http port and so it’s useful if you have a web server, and sort the results. Useful in detecting a single flood by allowing you to recognize many connections coming from one IP. + + netstat -n -p|grep SYN_REC | wc -l + +This command is useful to find out how many active SYNC_REC are occurring on the server. The number should be pretty low, preferably less than 5. On DoS attack incidents or mail bombs, the number can jump to pretty high. However, the value always depends on system, so a high value may be average on another server. + + netstat -n -p | grep SYN_REC | sort -u + +List out the all IP addresses involved instead of just count. + + netstat -n -p | grep SYN_REC | awk '{print $5}' | awk -F: '{print $1}' + +List all the unique IP addresses of the node that are sending SYN_REC connection status. + + netstat -ntu | awk '{print $5}' | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -n + +Use netstat command to calculate and count the number of connections each IP address makes to the server. + + netstat -anp |grep 'tcp|udp' | awk '{print $5}' | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -n + +List count of number of connections the IPs are connected to the server using TCP or UDP protocol. + + netstat -ntu | grep ESTAB | awk '{print $5}' | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr + +Check on ESTABLISHED connections instead of all connections, and displays the connections count for each IP. + + netstat -plan|grep :80|awk {'print $5'}|cut -d: -f 1|sort|uniq -c|sort -nk 1 + +Show and list IP address and its connection count that connect to port 80 on the server. Port 80 is used mainly by HTTP web page request. + +### How to mitigate a DOS attack ### + +Once that you have found the IP that are attacking your server you can use the following commands to block their connection to your server: + + iptables -A INPUT 1 -s $IPADRESS -j DROP/REJECT + +Please note that you have to replace $IPADRESS with the IP numbers that you have found with netstat. +After firing the above command, KILL all httpd connections to clean your system and than restart httpd service by +using the following commands: + + killall -KILL httpd + + service httpd start #For Red Hat systems + /etc/init/d/apache2 restart #For Debian systems + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://linuxaria.com/howto/how-to-verify-ddos-attack-with-netstat-command-on-linux-terminal + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://linuxaria.com/tag/network +[2]:http://linuxaria.com/tag/shell \ No newline at end of file From 5a767a6620e36c9a98dc0641014f55093ff24646 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 16:35:36 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 198/601] Delete Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md --- ...ed Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md | 40 ------------------- 1 file changed, 40 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md diff --git a/sources/news/Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md b/sources/news/Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md deleted file mode 100644 index 98bae63423..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,40 +0,0 @@ -alim0x translating - -Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux -================================================================================ -![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Screen-Shot-2014-05-21-at-00.00.22.png) - -**After what feels like forever in the making, Google has today released the first stable version of Chrome for Linux to use Aura, the search giant’s in-house graphics stack. ** - -Aura, which replaces GTK+, is used to draw the bulk of the Chrome UI on screen, including menus and window frames (and yes, it works fine with both locally integrated and global menus). - -![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Screen-Shot-2014-05-21-at-00.18.15.png) - -The “shell” is already in use on Windows and Chrome OS builds and, as it’s largely cross-platform, enables Google to develop new features faster and ensure feature parity across different operating systems. - -An accelerated interface, Aura is better able to leverage GPU features in Chrome/Chromium on Linux than GTK+ builds. Notably, it is able to use OpenGL on a per-window rather than per-tab basis. - -Its arrival also brings additional features to the desktop, including the Chrome Notification Centre, [an optional App Launcher][1] and support for displaying select Google Now cards. - -![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/aura.jpg) - -### Other Changes ### - -Chrome 35 stable also comes loaded with a bunch of cross platform changes, including a number of new extension APIs for developers to toy around with; new touch input controls; and undefined ‘new JavaScript features’. - -As with every release there are a bunch of stability, performance and security updates bundled in. - -To download Google Chrome 35 for Linux just hit the button below. - -- [Download Google Chrome][2] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/google-chrome-35-linux-arrives-aura - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:https://chrome.google.com/webstore/launcher -[2]:https://www.google.com/chrome/browser/ From 629649572ed9cc2e08b397cc1e0683aa74d40cd6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 16:40:27 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 199/601] Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux Translated. --- ...ed Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md | 38 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 38 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/news/Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md diff --git a/translated/news/Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md b/translated/news/Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..772d045c9d --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +基于Aura的Google Chrome浏览器Linux版已提供下载 +================================================================================ +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Screen-Shot-2014-05-21-at-00.00.22.png) + +**经过似乎漫无止境的等待之后，Google近日正式发布采用Aura（这个搜索巨头开发的内部图形堆栈————译注：硬件加速窗口管理器）的Chrome浏览器 for Linux的第一个稳定版本。** + +用于取代GTK+的Aura, 是用来在屏幕上绘制包括菜单和窗口框架在内的Chrome UI的主体部分（是的，它在局部窗口集成菜单和全局菜单中都能完美工作）。 + +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Screen-Shot-2014-05-21-at-00.18.15.png) + +这个外观框架已经在Windows和Chrome OS builds中使用，因其绝大部分是跨平台的，使得Google能够更快地开发新特性以及保证特性在不同的操作系统中的一致性。 + +在Linux上，相比GTK+版本的Chrome/Chromium，Aura加速界面能够更加有效地利用GPU的特性。尤其是Aura能够以每个窗口一个OpenGL的方式使用openGL而不是每个标签一个OpenGL。 + +新版的到来带来了一些额外的特性，包括Chrome通知中心，[一个可选的应用启动器][1]以及对显示选定的Google Now卡片的支持。 + +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/aura.jpg) + +### 其它变更 ### + +Chrome 35 稳定版同样带来大量的跨平台变动， 包括为开发者提供若干可用的新扩展API；新的触摸输入管理；以及未说明的‘新JavaScript特性’。 + +正同每个新版本，Chrome 35 同样附有大量稳定性，性能和安全更新。 + +点击以下按钮下载Google Chrome 35 for Linux： + +- [下载Google Chrome][2] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/google-chrome-35-linux-arrives-aura + +译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://chrome.google.com/webstore/launcher +[2]:https://www.google.com/chrome/browser/ From 130ac44adb3d364214c50e20b3b70b77b7107a8a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: carolinewuyan <309866211@qq.com> Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 17:24:14 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 200/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B7=B2=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ull length screenshots of websites via terminal.md | 11 +++++------ 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/How to take full length screenshots of websites via terminal.md b/translated/tech/How to take full length screenshots of websites via terminal.md index a2caa1b8d6..5e9542b741 100644 --- a/translated/tech/How to take full length screenshots of websites via terminal.md +++ b/translated/tech/How to take full length screenshots of websites via terminal.md @@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ ================================================================================ ![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Screenshot-790x526.png) -这是一个名叫 **Tsamis Konstantinos** 的访客所发的帖子。他是一个 Linux 和开源软件的狂热用户，也是一个 Unixmen 的常客。你可以通过他的邮箱 **tsamis73@gmail.com** 联系他： +这是一个名叫 **Tsamis Konstantinos** 的访客所发的帖子。他是一个 Linux 和开源软件的狂热用户，也是 Unixmen 的常客。你可以通过他的邮箱 **tsamis73@gmail.com** 联系他： -除了记笔记以外我们经常用截图来帮我们记忆，或是将看到的一些东西发给别人。 +与其记笔记或是把看到的内容发送给其他人，我们更经常通过截屏来帮助我们记忆。 但是通常情况下，如果一个网页超出了屏幕高度，我们就得用多张截图去截取其全部内容。 对于 Linux，你将会有一个更好的解决方案：使用一个 GNOME 的应用来截取某个链接的整个页面。 -这个应用叫做 **gnome-web-photo**，而这篇文章将介绍如何按照和使用她。 +这个应用叫做 **gnome-web-photo**，这篇文章将介绍如何安装和使用它。 在 Ubuntu 和 Debian 的分支下： @@ -47,13 +47,12 @@ 注意这个应用并不兼容 **.jpg** 格式。 -这个应用应该对各类用户都有所帮助。 -我经常对网页进行缩略图和完整长度的截图，希望对你也有所帮助。 +这个应用应该对各类用户都有所帮助。我经常对网页进行缩略图和完整长度的截图，希望对你也有所帮助。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://www.unixmen.com/take-full-length-screenshots-websites-via-terminal/ -译者：[VizV](https://github.com/vizv) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[VizV](https://github.com/vizv) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 1274abd9fe928ab9640268af28953a7333c92ff1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: shipsw Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 17:25:41 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 201/601] Update How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md Translating by shipsw --- ...erify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md b/sources/tech/How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md index c61691eeeb..e283043469 100644 --- a/sources/tech/How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md +++ b/sources/tech/How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +Translating by shipsw How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal ================================================================================ ![](http://cdn.linuxaria.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/terminal1.jpg) @@ -72,4 +73,4 @@ via: http://linuxaria.com/howto/how-to-verify-ddos-attack-with-netstat-command-o 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [1]:http://linuxaria.com/tag/network -[2]:http://linuxaria.com/tag/shell \ No newline at end of file +[2]:http://linuxaria.com/tag/shell From 22e9f7b3f822e8f4bad0c224de98de2ba78f0625 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jiajia <1534574360@qq.com> Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 18:56:09 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 202/601] =?UTF-8?q?[=E5=B0=8F=E5=86=B0=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91?= =?UTF-8?q?=E4=B8=AD]Smallest=20OS=20for=20Raspberry=20Pi,=20piCore=205.3,?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Returns=20with=20Linux=20Kernel=203.14.4.md=20Signed-off-by:?= =?UTF-8?q?=20jiajia=20<1534574360@qq.com>?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md | 1 + ... 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md | 1 + 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/sources/news/Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md b/sources/news/Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md index 766b32f415..d145c726e7 100644 --- a/sources/news/Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md +++ b/sources/news/Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +【小冰来了】 Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4 ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Smallest-OS-for-Raspberry-Pi-piCore-5-3-Returns-with-Linux-Kernel-3-14-4-443246-2.jpg) diff --git a/sources/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md b/sources/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md index 8f9708e1fa..17303c60d5 100644 --- a/sources/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md +++ b/sources/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +【小冰来了+1】 Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5 ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-14-10-Utopic-Unicorn-Now-Based-on-Linux-Kernel-3-15-RC5-443260-2.jpg) From 12ba2391a0437675fd982da7d51ccbb5a1657e70 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: JonathanKang Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 20:24:58 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 203/601] JonathanKang is translating --- ...e Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/Native Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md b/sources/news/Native Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md index 20db3807dc..07e43fb18e 100644 --- a/sources/news/Native Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md +++ b/sources/news/Native Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +JonathanKang is translating + Native Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design ================================================================================ ![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/spotify.jpg) @@ -42,4 +44,4 @@ via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/spotify-linux-preview-update-new-design 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 648a3351909bb0ad8d45df29640162c1421d5e35 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 08:21:15 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 204/601] [Translating]The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java! --- .../talk/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md | 5 ++++- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md b/sources/talk/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md index 633d28333f..9176bccf7c 100644 --- a/sources/talk/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md +++ b/sources/talk/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md @@ -1,3 +1,6 @@ +Translating-------------geekpi + + The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java! ================================================================================ ![NoSQL Databases, Java, Terrastore, Neo4j, Voldemort, HBase, InfoGrid, HyperGraphDB, Perst, NeoDatis ODB](http://www.efytimes.com/admin/useradmin/photo/R6eL24207PM5202014.jpg) @@ -51,4 +54,4 @@ via: http://www.efytimes.com/e1/fullnews.asp?edid=138992 [5]:http://infogrid.org/trac/ [6]:http://www.kobrix.com/hgdb.jsp [7]:http://www.mcobject.com/perst/ -[8]:http://neodatis.wikidot.com/ \ No newline at end of file +[8]:http://neodatis.wikidot.com/ From c9af2630c2a9d517b264741f662a0aa97583d3b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 21:34:23 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 205/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AHow=20to=20C?= =?UTF-8?q?hange=20Umask=20Value=20Permanently=20in=20Linux?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...to Change Umask Value Permanently in Linux.md | 16 ++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/How to Change Umask Value Permanently in Linux.md (59%) diff --git a/translated/tech/How to Change Umask Value Permanently in Linux.md b/published/How to Change Umask Value Permanently in Linux.md similarity index 59% rename from translated/tech/How to Change Umask Value Permanently in Linux.md rename to published/How to Change Umask Value Permanently in Linux.md index 41e0616226..0e21a0f905 100644 --- a/translated/tech/How to Change Umask Value Permanently in Linux.md +++ b/published/How to Change Umask Value Permanently in Linux.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ -如何在 Linux 中永久地更改 Umask 值 +保护你的文件，请在 Linux 中更改 Umask 值 ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/How-to-Change-Umask-Value-Permanently-in-Linux-435026-2.jpg) -**这篇教程教将指导所有的 Linux 用户如何永久性地更改其系统的 Umask 值。特别建议全新安装的用户学习（想知道为什么的话，请阅读下文）** +**这篇教程教将指导 Linux 用户如何永久性地更改其系统的 Umask 值。特别建议全新安装的用户学习（想知道为什么的话，请移步下文）** -Umask 是什么？解释下，UMASK 代表用户掩码或用户文件创建掩码，它用于新创建的文件和文件夹，是其默认权限基础。 +Umask 是什么？解释下，UMASK 代表用户掩码或用户文件创建掩码，它用于新创建的文件和文件夹，是其默认权限的基础。 -上面的意思可以解释成 任何基于 Linux 的操作系统为新建文件(包括文件夹)添加一系列默认权限的能力。出于教育目的，下面列出了一些可以用来设置文件权限的八进制值： +上面的意思可以解释成任何基于 Linux 的操作系统为新建文件(包括文件夹)添加默认权限的规则。出于教育目的，下面列出了一些可以用来设置文件权限的八进制值**掩码**： 0 – 读, 写, 可执行 (rwx) 1 – 读和写 (rw-) @@ -17,15 +17,15 @@ Umask 是什么？解释下，UMASK 代表用户掩码或用户文件创建掩 6 – 仅可执行 (--x) 7 – 没有权限 (---) -在几乎所有的 Linux 发行版本中默认 Umask 值是 0022(022)，可以在终端模拟程序中输入 umask 命令来查看。也可以运行 “umask 八进制值” 命令（例如 umask 027）来临时改变这个值。 +在几乎所有的 Linux 发行版本中默认 Umask 值是 0022(或022)，可以在终端模拟程序中输入 umask 命令来查看。也可以运行 “umask 八进制值掩码” 命令（例如 umask 027）来临时改变这个值。 -你也许知道，新创建的文件的默认权限设置是 0666，文件夹的是 0777。应用上面所说的 umask 值后就得到 644 和 755 权限。 +你也许知道，新创建的文件的默认权限设置原本应该是 0666，文件夹的是 0777。应用上面所说的 umask 值后就得到 644 和 755 权限。 -许多人正在考虑 022 值本身的隐私问题。这就是说您所创建的文件对其他用户来说是可随意查看的，一想到这就感到不太爽。 +许多意见认为 022 掩码会带来隐私问题，也就是说您所创建的文件对其他用户来说是可随意查看的，一想到这就感到不太爽！ 言归正传，用户可以按他们所愿来修改默认的 Umask 值，当然首先要保证修改的值合法。要修改默认值，**请在您的 shell 配置文件中或者 /etc/profile 文件中写入一个新的 Umask 值**。 -大功告成！从现在开始，在你的 Linux 系统上新创建的文件或文件夹都会有准确设置的权限。但请注意已经存在的文件或文件夹的权限并不会因为上面的操作而改变。 +好了，这就大功告成了！从现在开始，在你的 Linux 系统上新创建的文件或文件夹都会有准确设置的权限。但请注意已经存在的文件或文件夹的权限并不会因为上面的操作而改变。 如果您使用的是命令行，可以在任意目录下运行 ls -lah 命令，就可以看到当前的文件权限。另外，新手也可以很容易地查看到文件权限，在基于 GNOME 桌面的环境中，通过右击文件，选择属性 -> 权限选项卡。 From ddbd5433c92ac4939474a0a55aeadad127cab230 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 21:53:55 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 206/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AAura-Powered?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Google=20Chrome=20Now=20Available=20on=20Linux?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...a-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md | 12 ++++++------ 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) rename {translated/news => published}/Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md (79%) diff --git a/translated/news/Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md b/published/Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md similarity index 79% rename from translated/news/Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md rename to published/Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md index 772d045c9d..ce9daacf1d 100644 --- a/translated/news/Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md +++ b/published/Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ================================================================================ ![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Screen-Shot-2014-05-21-at-00.00.22.png) -**经过似乎漫无止境的等待之后，Google近日正式发布采用Aura（这个搜索巨头开发的内部图形堆栈————译注：硬件加速窗口管理器）的Chrome浏览器 for Linux的第一个稳定版本。** +**经过似乎漫无止境的等待之后，Google近日正式发布采用Aura（它是这个 搜索巨头开发的内部图形层————译注：硬件加速窗口管理器）的Chrome浏览器 for Linux的第一个稳定版本。** 用于取代GTK+的Aura, 是用来在屏幕上绘制包括菜单和窗口框架在内的Chrome UI的主体部分（是的，它在局部窗口集成菜单和全局菜单中都能完美工作）。 @@ -12,17 +12,17 @@ 在Linux上，相比GTK+版本的Chrome/Chromium，Aura加速界面能够更加有效地利用GPU的特性。尤其是Aura能够以每个窗口一个OpenGL的方式使用openGL而不是每个标签一个OpenGL。 -新版的到来带来了一些额外的特性，包括Chrome通知中心，[一个可选的应用启动器][1]以及对显示选定的Google Now卡片的支持。 +新版的到来带来了一些额外的特性，包括Chrome通知中心、[一个可选的应用启动器][1]以及对显示选定的Google Now卡片的支持。 ![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/aura.jpg) -### 其它变更 ### +### 其它变化 ### Chrome 35 稳定版同样带来大量的跨平台变动， 包括为开发者提供若干可用的新扩展API；新的触摸输入管理；以及未说明的‘新JavaScript特性’。 -正同每个新版本，Chrome 35 同样附有大量稳定性，性能和安全更新。 +如同每个新版本，Chrome 35 同样包含大量稳定性，性能和安全更新。 -点击以下按钮下载Google Chrome 35 for Linux： +点击以下链接下载Google Chrome 35 for Linux： - [下载Google Chrome][2] @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ Chrome 35 稳定版同样带来大量的跨平台变动， 包括为开发者提 via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/google-chrome-35-linux-arrives-aura -译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From da0b017c52dceffce857131c0b8bd7a427f728cf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 09:06:18 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 207/601] [Translated]The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java --- ...p 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md | 57 ------------------- ...p 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md | 54 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 54 insertions(+), 57 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/talk/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md create mode 100644 translated/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md diff --git a/sources/talk/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md b/sources/talk/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9176bccf7c..0000000000 --- a/sources/talk/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,57 +0,0 @@ -Translating-------------geekpi - - -The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java! -================================================================================ -![NoSQL Databases, Java, Terrastore, Neo4j, Voldemort, HBase, InfoGrid, HyperGraphDB, Perst, NeoDatis ODB](http://www.efytimes.com/admin/useradmin/photo/R6eL24207PM5202014.jpg) - -NoSQL is picking up. Many enterprises and developers have already replaced their MySQL databases with the NoSQL version. NoSQL makes it easier to analyse unstructured data, as such developers must be aware of the latest trends and tools that exist in the world of NoSQL. - -#### 1.[Terrastore][1] #### - -Modern document store which provides advanced scalability and elasticity features without sacrificing consistency. Terrastore is based on Terracotta, so it relies on an industry-proven, fast (and cool) clustering technology. - -#### 2.[Neo4j][2] #### - -Open-source graph database, implemented in Java. The developers describe Neo4j as "embedded, disk-based, fully transactional Java persistence engine that stores data structured in graphs rather than in tables". - -#### 3.[Voldemort][3] #### - -Distributed key-value storage system. It is basically just a big, distributed, persistent, fault-tolerant hash table. For applications that can use an O/R mapper like active-record or hibernate this will provide horizontal scalability and much higher availability but at great loss of convenience. - -#### 4.[HBase][4] #### - -Apache HBase is an open-source, distributed, versioned, non-relational database modeled after Google's Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data by Chang et al. - -#### 5.[InfoGrid][5] #### - -Web Graph Database with a many additional software components that make the development of REST-ful web applications on a graph foundation easy. - -#### 6.[HyperGraphDB][6] #### - -General purpose, extensible, portable, distributed, embeddable, open-source data storage mechanism. It is a graph database designed specifically for artificial intelligence and semantic web projects, it can also be used as an embedded object-oriented database for projects of all sizes. - -#### 7.[Perst][7] #### - -Perst is McObject's open source, dual license, object-oriented embedded database system (ODBMS). It is available in one edition developed as an all-Java embedded database, and another implemented in C# (for Microsoft .NET Framework applications). - -#### 8.[NeoDatis ODB][8] #### - -Simple Object Database that currently runs on the Java, .Net, Google Android, Groovy and Scala. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.efytimes.com/e1/fullnews.asp?edid=138992 - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:https://code.google.com/p/terrastore/ -[2]:http://www.neo4j.org/ -[3]:http://www.project-voldemort.com/voldemort/ -[4]:http://hbase.apache.org/ -[5]:http://infogrid.org/trac/ -[6]:http://www.kobrix.com/hgdb.jsp -[7]:http://www.mcobject.com/perst/ -[8]:http://neodatis.wikidot.com/ diff --git a/translated/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md b/translated/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..814c051019 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +Java中8个顶级开源NoSQL数据库! +================================================================================ +![NoSQL Databases, Java, Terrastore, Neo4j, Voldemort, HBase, InfoGrid, HyperGraphDB, Perst, NeoDatis ODB](http://www.efytimes.com/admin/useradmin/photo/R6eL24207PM5202014.jpg) + +NoSQL正在崛起.许多企业和用户已经将MySQL数据库替换成了NoSQL版本。NoSQL使分析非结构化的数据变得更容易，因此开发者必须意识到存在于NoSQL世界中的趋势和工具。 + +#### 1.[Terrastore][1] #### + +现在文档存储可以提供先进的伸缩性和弹性而不必牺牲一致性。Terrastore基于Trrracotta，所以它依赖于一个业界公认的，快速的（而且又酷）集群技术。 + +#### 2.[Neo4j][2] #### + +开源图形数据库，用Java实现。开发者将Neo4j描述为“嵌入式，基于磁盘，完全事务Java持久引擎，将数据结构化存储在图形中而不是在表格中” + +#### 3.[Voldemort][3] #### + +分布式键值存储系统。它只是一个大型，分布式，持久的，容错哈系表。对于应用，它可以使用O/R映射工具像active-record或者hibernate，这些可以提供水平扩展和更高的可用性但是会损失巨大的便利性。 + +#### 4.[HBase][4] #### + +Apache HBase是在Google的Chang et al开发的分布式存储系统Bigtable之后的另一个开源分布式，版本化非关系型数据库。 + +#### 5.[InfoGrid][5] #### + +Web图形数据库带有很多额外的软件组件，使在图形基础上开发Rest-fu的web应用变得很容易。 + +#### 6.[HyperGraphDB][6] #### + +通用的、可扩展、便携、嵌入式、开源数据存储机制。它是一个特别为人工智能和web语义项目设计的图形数据库，同样可以用于所有大小项目的嵌入式面向对象数据库。 + +#### 7.[Perst][7] #### + +Perst是McObject的开源，双许可证，面向对象的嵌入式数据库系统（ODBMS）。它的一个版本是用Java开发的嵌入式数据库，另外一个用C#实现（对于Microsoft .NET Framework的应用而言）。 + +#### 8.[NeoDatis ODB][8] #### + +一个简单的运行在Java、.Net、 Google Android、 Groovy 和 Scala上的对象数据库。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.efytimes.com/e1/fullnews.asp?edid=138992 + +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://code.google.com/p/terrastore/ +[2]:http://www.neo4j.org/ +[3]:http://www.project-voldemort.com/voldemort/ +[4]:http://hbase.apache.org/ +[5]:http://infogrid.org/trac/ +[6]:http://www.kobrix.com/hgdb.jsp +[7]:http://www.mcobject.com/perst/ +[8]:http://neodatis.wikidot.com/ From 6d26b8b614c58ffa1c187742f67c58151785fe6c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 09:07:02 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 208/601] Rename translated/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md to translated/talk/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md --- .../{ => talk}/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename translated/{ => talk}/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md (100%) diff --git a/translated/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md b/translated/talk/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md similarity index 100% rename from translated/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md rename to translated/talk/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md From 5cdc26a624f1c3ea1ff0529db289a66caeb96df1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: disylee Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 22:51:30 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 209/601] Update Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md --- sources/tech/Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md b/sources/tech/Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md index 578f63be21..5e2ec8ae48 100644 --- a/sources/tech/Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md +++ b/sources/tech/Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +disylee占个坑，周末做2014/5/22 Linux Terminal: Dstat monitoring tools ================================================================================ Dstat is a versatile replacement for vmstat, iostat, netstat and ifstat. Dstat overcomes some of their limitations and adds some extra features, more counters and flexibility. Dstat is handy for monitoring systems during performance tuning tests, benchmarks or troubleshooting. @@ -117,4 +118,4 @@ via: http://linuxaria.com/howto/linux-terminal-dstat-monitoring-tools 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [1]:http://linuxaria.com/tag/network -[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/install-and-enable-rpmforge-repository-in-rhel-centos-6-5-4/ \ No newline at end of file +[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/install-and-enable-rpmforge-repository-in-rhel-centos-6-5-4/ From f2055791d45bd6de05a21a1598e0ecbca28d4e98 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 22:02:53 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 210/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83:Ubuntu=20AIO=20DVD?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Puts=20All=20Ubuntu=2014.04=20Flavors=20In=20One=20Disk?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) rename {translated/news => published}/Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md (80%) diff --git a/translated/news/Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md b/published/Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md similarity index 80% rename from translated/news/Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md rename to published/Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md index f0a1f030d1..4b61b43082 100644 --- a/translated/news/Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md +++ b/published/Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -通过 Ubuntu AIO DVD 将 Ubuntu 14.04 的所有版本刻录到一张光盘 +神器！将 Ubuntu 14.04 的所有分支刻录到一张DVD ================================================================================ Ubuntu 有基于不同桌面环境的几个官方版本。默认的 Ubuntu 自带 Unity 桌面，Kubuntu 则是[KDE] [1]，Lubuntu 用[LXDE] [2]，Xubuntu 自带[Xfce] [3]。除此之外，还有一些其它的版本，但这些是最流行的官方桌面版本。 @@ -8,14 +8,14 @@ Ubuntu 有基于不同桌面环境的几个官方版本。默认的 Ubuntu 自 ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Ubuntu-AIO-DVD.jpg) -当然 Ubuntu AIO 也有一些缺点。首先它体积太大了，有将近4.7GB。所以，它不适合于标准的4GB U盘。而且它只有两个版本，第一个是64位版本，包括有 Ubuntu，Kubuntu 和 Ubuntu Gnome，另外一个，则包含有32位版本的 Xubuntu 和 Lubuntu。尽管有缺点，这是一个不错的项目，可以帮助我们选择恰当的 Ubuntu 版本。 +当然 Ubuntu AIO 也有一些缺点。首先它体积太大了，有将近4.7GB。所以，它不适合于标准的4GB U盘（你得刻录到光盘，或者虚拟光盘）。而且它只有两个版本，第一个是64位版本，包括有 Ubuntu，Kubuntu 和 Ubuntu Gnome，另外一个，则包含有32位版本的 Xubuntu 和 Lubuntu。尽管有缺点，这是一个不错的项目，可以帮助我们选择恰当的 Ubuntu 版本。 下载 Ubuntu AIO DVD - [Sourceforge][7] - [Softpedia][8] -点[此][9]了解更多。 +[点此][9]了解更多。 享受 Ubuntu 吧！ From 7e45a07e44cd7105505a79f3ca95299ad967c3d3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 23:14:34 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 211/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9ALinux=20or?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Unix--chroot=20Command=20Examples?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../Linux or Unix--chroot Command Examples.md | 48 ++++++++----------- 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/Linux or Unix--chroot Command Examples.md (78%) diff --git a/translated/tech/Linux or Unix--chroot Command Examples.md b/published/Linux or Unix--chroot Command Examples.md similarity index 78% rename from translated/tech/Linux or Unix--chroot Command Examples.md rename to published/Linux or Unix--chroot Command Examples.md index 2caa1fd3e6..92c06a78ed 100644 --- a/translated/tech/Linux or Unix--chroot Command Examples.md +++ b/published/Linux or Unix--chroot Command Examples.md @@ -1,29 +1,24 @@ Linux / Unix：chroot 命令实例讲解 ================================================================================ -我是刚接触 Linux 和 Unix 的新手。我该如何改变一个命令的根目录？我要怎样改变一个进程的根目录呢，比如用 chroot 命令将web服务与文件系统隔离？我要如何使用 chroot 恢复密码或修复基于 Linux/Unix的受损坏的环境？ +> 我是一个刚接触 Linux 和 Unix 的新手。我该如何改变一个命令的根目录？我要怎样改变一个进程的根目录呢，比如用 chroot 命令将web服务与文件系统隔离？我要如何使用 chroot 恢复密码或修复基于 Linux/Unix的受损坏的环境？ ![](http://s0.cyberciti.org/uploads/faq/2014/02/chroot-command.jpg) -在 Linux和类 Unix 系统下每一个进程/命令的当前工作目录称之为进程/命令的根目录。你可以使用 chroot 命令改变一个命令的根目录，这最终将会改变当前运行的进程及其子进程的根目录。 +在 Linux和类 Unix 系统下每一个进程/命令的当前工作目录称之为进程/命令的根目录（译注：译者以为此处有误，实际上没有进行过chroot的进程，其根目录是系统的根目录，而不是其工作目录）。你可以使用 chroot 命令改变一个命令的根目录，这最终将会改变当前运行的进程及其子进程的根目录。 - chroot 命令详情 - 描述：更改根目录 - 类型：进程管理 - 难度：高级 - Root 授权：Yes +如果一个进程/命令运行在一个不能访问外部根目录文件的已修改环境中。这种修改环境通常被称为"监禁目录"（jail）或是"chroot 监禁"。只有特权进程和根用户才能使用 chroot 命令。然而这通常是很有用的： -如果一个进程/命令运行在一个不能访问外部根目录文件的已修改环境中。这个修改环境通常被称为"监禁目录"或是"chroot jail"。只有特权进程和根用户才能使用 chroot 命令。然而这通常是很有用的： - -1. 将特权分配给未授权的进程，例如 Web 服务或 DNS 服务。 +1. 将特权分配给无特权的进程，例如 Web 服务或 DNS 服务。 1. 建立测试环境。 -1. 不使程序或系统崩溃下，运行旧程序或不兼容 ABI 的程序。 +1. 不使程序或系统崩溃下，运行旧程序或 ABI 兼容的程序。 1. 系统恢复。 1. 重新安装引导装载程序，例如 Grub 或 Lilo。 1. 密码找回，重置一个已丢失的密码等。 ### 用途 ### -> chroot 命令 **改变其当前的根目录到指定目录,然后运行命令**,如果支持的话，可以运行一个用户的登陆shell的交互式副本。请注意并不是每一个程序都可以使用 chroot 命令。 +> chroot 命令 **改变其当前目录，并将根目录变为指定目录,然后如果提供了命令则运行命令**，也可以运行一个用户的交互式shell的副本（译注：即bash等。）。请注意并不是每一个程序都可以使用 chroot 命令。 + ### 语法 ### 基本语法如下： @@ -54,7 +49,7 @@ Linux / Unix：chroot 命令实例讲解 $ cp -v /bin/{bash,ls} $J/bin -将所需库文件拷贝到$J。可以用 ldd 命令打印出 bash 所依赖的共享库。 +将所需库文件拷贝到$J。可以用 ldd 命令找到 bash 所依赖的共享库。 $ ldd /bin/bash @@ -121,27 +116,27 @@ Linux / Unix：chroot 命令实例讲解 # ls /etc/ # ls /var/ -改变了根目录的 bash 和 ls 程序现在被锁定在$HOME/$J这个特殊目录中，而且不能再访问外部的目录树，这个目录可以看做是它们的"/"(root)目录。如果配置正确的话,这会极大增强安全性。我通常用这种技术锁定以下的应用程序。 +改变了根目录的 bash 和 ls 程序现在被监禁在$HOME/$J这个特殊目录中，而且不能再访问外部的目录树，这个目录可以看做是它们的"/"(root)目录。如果配置正确的话,这会极大增强安全性。我通常用这种技术锁定以下的应用程序。 1. [Apache - Red Hat / CentOS: Chroot Apache 2 Web Server][3] 1. [Nginx - Linux nginx: Chroot (Jail) Setup][4] 1. [Chroot Lighttpd web server on a Linux based system][5] 1. Chroot mail server. -1. Chroot Bind DNS server and more. +1. Chroot Bind DNS server 等等 -### 如何退出 chroot jail呢？ ### +### 如何退出 chroot 监禁呢？ ### 键入 exit 即可 $ exit -会话样例： +上述会话样例如下： [![Animated gif 01: Linux / Unix: Bash Chroot ls Command Demo](http://s0.cyberciti.org/uploads/faq/2013/01/bash-chroot-ls-demo.gif)][6] Gif 动画01: Linux / Unix: Bash Chroot ls 命令演示 -### 查找服务是否存在于 chrooted jail 内### +### 查找服务是否存在于 chrooted 监禁内### 你可以用下面两个命令[轻松的找出 Postfix 邮件服务是否已经 chrooted]： @@ -165,7 +160,7 @@ PID 8613 指向了 / (root) 也就是说这个程序的根目录并没有被改 ### 用 chroot 救援和修复软件RAID(磁盘阵列)系统 ### -我先假设基于软阵列的 Linux 系统无法正常启动。所以你[需要用Live CD或用网络远程进入内核应急模式][8]来修复系统。在这个例子中，我用了 Live Linux DVD/CD 启动基于 RHEL 的系统，然后再 chroot 到 /dev/sda1 和/或 /dev/md0 修复问题： +我先假设基于软RAID的 Linux 系统无法正常启动。所以你[需要用Live CD或用基于网络的内核应急模式][8]来修复系统。在这个例子中，我用了 Live Linux DVD/CD 启动一个基于 RHEL 的系统，然后再 chroot 到 /dev/sda1 和 /或 /dev/md0 修复问题： ## 在 Live CD 的提示符下，键入以下命令来恢复数据。## ## /dev/sda1 系统主分区## @@ -198,7 +193,7 @@ PID 8613 指向了 / (root) 也就是说这个程序的根目录并没有被改 umount {dev,sys,[...],} reboot -别急，还有更精彩的内容！ +**别急，还有更精彩的内容！** 查看nixCraft下所有其他有关 chroot 命令的文章： @@ -209,10 +204,10 @@ PID 8613 指向了 / (root) 也就是说这个程序的根目录并没有被改 ### 在 Linux 和 类Unix 系统下 chroot 应用程序的注意事项 ### -你应该一直用 chroot 特性吗？从上面的例子看出，这个程序是相当简单的，但是最终可能出现几种不同的问题而结束，例如： +你应该在各种情况下都用 chroot 特性吗？从上面的例子看出，这个程序是相当简单的，但是最终可能出现几种不同的问题而结束，例如： 1.在 jail 中缺失库文件可能直接导致 jail 崩溃。 -1.一些复杂的程序不好被 chroot。所以我建议你要么尝试[真正的jail,例如FreeBSD提供的][13]，要么用虚拟化解决，比如[Linux 下的 KVM][14]。 +1.一些复杂的程序不好被 chroot。所以我建议你要么尝试[真正的jail，例如FreeBSD提供的][13]，要么用虚拟化解决，比如[Linux 下的 KVM][14]。 1.正在运行某一程序的 jail 不能再运行其他程序，不能更改任何文件，也不能"假设"另一个用户的身份。放宽这些限制，会降低你的安全性，请根据具体情况 chroot。 还要注意： @@ -220,13 +215,12 @@ PID 8613 指向了 / (root) 也就是说这个程序的根目录并没有被改 1. 当你升级本地程序时，不要忘记升级已 chroot 的程序。 1. 并非所有程序能够或者应该被 chroot。 1. 任何需要 root 权限操作的程序，对其 chroot 是没意义的。因为通常 root 用户都能脱离 chroot。 -1. Chroot 并不一个高招。更精的可以学习[如何保护和加强系统的各个部分][15] +1. Chroot 并不一个高招。更多的可以学习[如何保护和加强系统的各个部分][15] -### choort 命令选项 ### +### choort 部分命令选项 ### 取自 man 帮助页面[chroot(8)][16]: - --userspec=USER:GROUP 使用指定的 用户 和 组 (ID 或 名称) --groups=G_LIST 指定补充组 g1,g2,..,gN --help 显示帮助并退出 @@ -240,9 +234,9 @@ PID 8613 指向了 / (root) 也就是说这个程序的根目录并没有被改 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -via: +via: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/unix-linux-chroot-command-examples-usage-syntax/ -译者：[Luoxcat](https://github.com/Luoxcat) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[Luoxcat](https://github.com/Luoxcat) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From a08e5d970982e66c43461052dbd3eb9271be8deb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Fri, 23 May 2014 08:33:42 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 212/601] Update Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md Alim0x tranlating --- ...sie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md b/sources/news/Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md index 0278cd47d2..30d6638061 100644 --- a/sources/news/Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md +++ b/sources/news/Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +alim0x translating + Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Turn-Ubuntu-and-Debian-Jessie-into-Windows-7-and-Windows-8-with-WinAte-Theme-Pack-443302-3.jpg) @@ -22,4 +24,4 @@ via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Turn-Ubuntu-and-Debian-Jessie-into-Windows-7 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 -[1]:http://gnome-look.org/content/show.php/%5BLXDE%5DWinAte+-+Windows+7%2B8+Theme+pack?content=163150 \ No newline at end of file +[1]:http://gnome-look.org/content/show.php/%5BLXDE%5DWinAte+-+Windows+7%2B8+Theme+pack?content=163150 From 2a30aa36c6dc36723b449042d54b480934beb663 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Fri, 23 May 2014 11:19:54 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 213/601] Delete Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md --- ... 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md | 27 ------------------- 1 file changed, 27 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md diff --git a/sources/news/Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md b/sources/news/Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md deleted file mode 100644 index 30d6638061..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -alim0x translating - -Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack -================================================================================ -![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Turn-Ubuntu-and-Debian-Jessie-into-Windows-7-and-Windows-8-with-WinAte-Theme-Pack-443302-3.jpg) - -**WinAte, the theme pack that will turn your Ubuntu and Debian installation into a Windows 7 of Windows 8 look-alike, has just received a new update.** - -There was a time when it was easy to change the look of most Linux distributions and make them look like a Windows counterpart, but that time has passed. There are only a handful that can still be modified, and Ubuntu and Debian Jessie are among them. - -“With this brand-new WinAte - Windows 7/8 Transformation Pack for LXDE - you will be able to get all the icons and overall appearance of Windows to your GNU/Linux box, without spending lots of resources nor having to adapt old Gnome 2 themes. Everything works just by executing the install.sh script. Just do that, logout and login again, and there should be a different feeling in the whole system,” reads the official website. - -The package has a few dependencies that are very easy to meet: gtk2-engines-murrine, gtk2-engines-pixbuf, and compton. The installation is very simple and the instructions can be followed by anyone. - -This theme is probably the closest that users will ever going to get to Windows 7 or Windows 8 in term of look, but it ca be used to help people migrate to Linux more easily. - -You can download the WinAte - Windows 7/8 Theme pack from [gnome-look.org][1]. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Turn-Ubuntu-and-Debian-Jessie-into-Windows-7-and-Windows-8-with-WinAte-Theme-Pack-443302.shtml - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://gnome-look.org/content/show.php/%5BLXDE%5DWinAte+-+Windows+7%2B8+Theme+pack?content=163150 From 53823af34f5011373990c21a16d7cce78392f900 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Fri, 23 May 2014 11:20:55 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 214/601] Create Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 翻译完毕。 --- ... 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md | 25 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/news/Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md diff --git a/translated/news/Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md b/translated/news/Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7339a130a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +用WinAte主题包将Ubuntu/Debian Jessie变成Windows 7/Windows 8 +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Turn-Ubuntu-and-Debian-Jessie-into-Windows-7-and-Windows-8-with-WinAte-Theme-Pack-443302-3.jpg) + +**WinAte最近刚刚收到一个更新，这个主题包能够将你的Ubuntu/Debian变得看起来像Windows 7/Windows 8。** + +曾经有段时间你可以轻易地改变绝大多数Linux发行版的外观，使得他们看起来像是Windows的一个副本，但那种时光已经一去不复返了。只有少数Linux发行版的外观仍能够被修改，而Ubuntu和Debian Jessie正在此列。 + +官网说明道：“有了这个全新的WinAte ———— Windows 7/8 转换包for LXDE（译注：Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment，一个自由桌面环境），你能够得到Windows所有的图标和整体外观，而不用花费大量的资源或者不得不去适应老旧的Gnome 2主题。只需运行install.sh脚本，所有东西就能工作。只需这么做，然后注销，再次登录即可。” + +这个主题包有一些很容易满足的依赖：gtk2-engines-murrine，gtk2-engines-pixbuf，以及 compton。安装过程十分简单，安装说明所有人也都能够轻易理解。 + +这个主题包可能最接近于用户长期以来习惯的Windows 7或Windows 8的外观，但它可以用来帮助人们更容易地迁移到Linux。 + +你可以从[gnome-look.org][1]下载WinAte ————Windows 7/8主题包。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Turn-Ubuntu-and-Debian-Jessie-into-Windows-7-and-Windows-8-with-WinAte-Theme-Pack-443302.shtml + +译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://gnome-look.org/content/show.php/%5BLXDE%5DWinAte+-+Windows+7%2B8+Theme+pack?content=163150 From 171b209340bf22f255d1e03b3d182c4eb718af87 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Fri, 23 May 2014 11:55:01 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 215/601] Update Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md --- ...essie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/translated/news/Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md b/translated/news/Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md index 7339a130a5..52bf96499c 100644 --- a/translated/news/Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md +++ b/translated/news/Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ 这个主题包有一些很容易满足的依赖：gtk2-engines-murrine，gtk2-engines-pixbuf，以及 compton。安装过程十分简单，安装说明所有人也都能够轻易理解。 -这个主题包可能最接近于用户长期以来习惯的Windows 7或Windows 8的外观，但它可以用来帮助人们更容易地迁移到Linux。 +这个主题包就外观来说可能最接近于用户长期以来习惯的Windows 7或Windows 8，但它可以用来帮助人们更容易地迁移到Linux。 你可以从[gnome-look.org][1]下载WinAte ————Windows 7/8主题包。 From 36bbd6334d648b74948ebcbdcaf6714d1ecb0162 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Fri, 23 May 2014 14:07:36 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 216/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AInstall=20Su?= =?UTF-8?q?blime=20Text=203=20(Build=203059)=20In=20Manjaro=20or=20Arch=20?= =?UTF-8?q?Linux?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...e Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md | 12 ++++++------ 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md (83%) diff --git a/translated/tech/Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md b/published/Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md similarity index 83% rename from translated/tech/Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md rename to published/Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md index 260b92eb42..00c7ba5714 100644 --- a/translated/tech/Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md +++ b/published/Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -在Manjaro/Arch Linux上安装Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) +一条命令在Manjaro/Arch Linux上安装Sublime Text 3 ================================================================================ [Sublime Text 3][1]目前还处于beta测试状态，目前最新的版本为Build 3059。 这个教程中我们将通过AUR安装Sublime Text 3 build 3059。 @@ -25,11 +25,11 @@ ---------- - ==> sublime-text-dev 安装/升级 提示: + ==> sublime-text-dev install/upgrade note: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - 要禁用程序内Sublime Text开发版新版提醒， - 在你的个人偏好文件(User Preferences file)加入以下设置: - "update_check": false + To disable in-application reminders about new Sublime Text dev versions, + add the following setting to your User Preferences file: + "update_check": false ------------------------------------------------------------------ ![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sublime_text_3.png) @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ via: http://www.unixmen.com/install-sublime-text-3-build-3059-manjaroarch-linux/ -译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From f01957da84ae181eecf650b68fb4f7a12a37f707 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Fri, 23 May 2014 14:25:30 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 217/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AHow=20To=20D?= =?UTF-8?q?isable=20Unity=20.04=20LTS=20And=20Older=20Versions?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../How To Disable Unity .04 LTS And Older Versions.md | 8 ++++---- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/How To Disable Unity .04 LTS And Older Versions.md (94%) diff --git a/translated/tech/How To Disable Unity .04 LTS And Older Versions.md b/published/How To Disable Unity .04 LTS And Older Versions.md similarity index 94% rename from translated/tech/How To Disable Unity .04 LTS And Older Versions.md rename to published/How To Disable Unity .04 LTS And Older Versions.md index 775b97857e..78bd5e2d8f 100644 --- a/translated/tech/How To Disable Unity .04 LTS And Older Versions.md +++ b/published/How To Disable Unity .04 LTS And Older Versions.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ -如何禁用 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 和旧版本上的 Unity 在线搜索功能 +让 Ubuntu 上的 Unity 在线搜索功能见鬼去吧！ ================================================================================ 无论何时，你开始在 Unity Dash 搜索计算机中的应用程序或文件时，你的检索词将被自动发送给第三方，如亚马逊，并且第三方将依据您的搜索词显示相关结果（主要是广告）。如果你不喜欢这个功能，感觉真的打扰到你，你可以禁用它。 -例如，当我在 Unity Dash 中输入 “Terminal” 时，将显示 “Terminal” 应用和 web 上其他第三方的东东（我不想要这些）。 +例如，当我在 Unity Dash 中输入 “Terminal” 时，将显示 “Terminal” 应用和 web 上其他第三方的东东（我要发狂了！我不想要这些！）。 ![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Menu_019.png) @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ wget -q -O - https://fixubuntu.com/fixubuntu.sh | bash -脚本的内容如下： +上述脚本的内容如下： #!/bin/bash @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ ![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Menu_020.png) -全部搞定，享受你的个人隐私吧。 +全部搞定，让那些杂乱的东西再也不要回来了。 欢呼~! From 4eb28de4499704d18eee7e9f335039a24641fb30 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Fri, 23 May 2014 14:51:47 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 218/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AFix=20Unity?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Freezes=20After=20Login=20In=20Ubuntu=2014.04=20[Quick=20Tip?= =?UTF-8?q?]?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md | 41 ++++++++++++++++++ ...After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md | 42 ------------------- 2 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/Fix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md delete mode 100644 translated/tech/Fix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md diff --git a/published/Fix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md b/published/Fix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1d44fffb2f --- /dev/null +++ b/published/Fix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +解决Ubuntu 14.04 Unity桌面环境登录后冻结问题 +================================================================================ + +如果你把Ubuntu从13.10更新到14.04，你也许会遇到**用Unity桌面环境登录时冻结的现象**。引导进入Ubuntu14.04，输入验证信息，系统会挂起，冻结在那里。如果你稍微幸运些，你还能看到鼠标光标、桌面背景，仅此而已。**没有Unity触发器，也没有顶部面板**等等。你的ubuntu基本上不可用了。 + +缺少Unity触发器和面板以及系统冻结的问题，可以通过重新安装Unity来解决。让我们看看怎么做： + +### 重新安装14.04的Unity 以解决系统冻结的问题### + +好吧，如果你正被困在一个冻结的系统上，按下**Ctrl+Alt+F2**。这会让你进入一个命令行界面而不是默认的用户桌面界面。切换到命令行界面后，输入用户名和密码登录之后，使用下面的命令重装Unity桌面环境： + + sudo apt-get update + sudo apt-get install –reinstall ubuntu-desktop + sudo apt-get install unity + sudo shutdown -r now + +最后一个命令是重启系统，重启之后，你的Unity应该就变好了。 + +### 解决Nvidia显卡的Unity冻结问题### + +我没有使用过Nvidia的显卡，但是我找到了别人解决这个问题的方法。尽管上面的技巧对我来说有效，但是我没有过验证下面的命令。使用Nvidia的用户，请告诉我下面的步骤是否工作： + +和上面一样使用**Ctrl+Alt+F2**登录到命令行界面，输入下面的命令： + + sudo apt-get update + sudo apt-get install –reinstall ubuntu-desktop + sudo apt-get install unity + sudo apt-get remove –purge nvidia* + sudo shutdown -r now + +如果重启之后Unity恢复了，记得重新安装你的Nvidia显卡的驱动，因为你已经卸载了它。 + +我希望这些技巧能够帮助你从冻结的unbuntu 14.04中恢复。最后，任何的问题和建议都欢迎来提。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://itsfoss.com/fix-unity-freezes-after-login-ubuntu-14-04/ + +译者：[ggaaooppeenngg](https://github.com/ggaaooppeenngg) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 diff --git a/translated/tech/Fix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md b/translated/tech/Fix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md deleted file mode 100644 index 75ffdce7b7..0000000000 --- a/translated/tech/Fix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -解决Ubuntu 14.04 Unity桌面环境登陆后卡机情况的 -================================================================================ - -如果你把Ubuntu从13.10更新到14.04,就会出现**用Unity桌面环境登陆时卡机的现象**.如果进入Ubuntu14.04的boot,并且验证进入后,系统也会挂断,并且卡机.如果你足够幸运,你可能会看到仅有的鼠标或者桌面背景.**没有Unity触发器,不存在顶部面板**等等.基本上你的ubuntu已经处于一种不稳定的状态了. - -缺少Unity触发器和面板以及系统卡机的问题,需要通过重新下载Unity来解决.让我们看看怎么做: - -### 重新下载Unity 解决系统卡机的问题### - -好吧,既然你整纠结于一个完全冻结了的系统.按下**Ctrl+Alt+F2**.这会让你进入一个命令行接口而不是默认的用户桌面接口.切换到命令行接口后,输入用户名和密码登陆之后,使用下面的命令重装Unity桌面环境: - - sudo apt-get update - sudo apt-get install –reinstall ubuntu-desktop - sudo apt-get install unity - sudo shutdown -r now - -最后一个命令是重启系统,重启之后,你的Unity就完好如初了. - - -### 解决Nvidia显卡的Unity卡机问题### - -我没有解决这个问题的经验,但是我找到了别人解决这个问题的方法.尽管上面的技巧对我来说有效,但是我不验证下面的命令.Nvidia的用户需要确认下面的步奏: - -和上面一样使用**Ctrl+Alt+F2**登陆到命令行接口,输入下面的命令: - - sudo apt-get update - sudo apt-get install –reinstall ubuntu-desktop - sudo apt-get install unity - sudo apt-get remove –purge nvidia* - sudo shutdown -r now - -如果重启之后Unity恢复了,记得重新安装你的Nvidia显卡的驱动,因为你已经卸载了它. - -我希望这些技巧能够帮助你恢复14.04的unbuntu.最后任何的问题和建议都欢迎来提. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://itsfoss.com/fix-unity-freezes-after-login-ubuntu-14-04/ - -译者：[ggaaooppeenngg](https://github.com/ggaaooppeenngg) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 89c5956556cf2e0e8278bb114fa807fccc051d1d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: shipsw Date: Fri, 23 May 2014 15:38:10 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 219/601] Delete How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md --- ... with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md | 76 ------------------- 1 file changed, 76 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md diff --git a/sources/tech/How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md b/sources/tech/How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md deleted file mode 100644 index e283043469..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,76 +0,0 @@ -Translating by shipsw -How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal -================================================================================ -![](http://cdn.linuxaria.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/terminal1.jpg) - -Your server appearing pretty slow could be many things from wrong configs, scripts and dodgy hardware – but sometimes it could be because someone is flooding your server with traffic known as DoS ( Denial of Service ) or DDoS ( Distributed Denial of Service ). - -Denial-of-service attack (DoS attack) or Distributed Denial-of-service attack (DDoS attack) is an attempt to make a machine or [network][1] resource unavailable to its intended users. This attack generally target sites or services hosted on high-profile web servers such as banks, credit card payment gateways, and even root nameservers. DoS attacks are implemented by either forcing the targeted computer to reset, or consuming its resources so that it can no longer provide its services or obstructs the communication media between the users and the victim so that they can no longer communicate adequately. - -In this small article you’ll see how to check if your server is under attack from the Linux [Terminal][2] with the netstat command - -From the man page of netstat “netstat – Print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships” - -### Some examples with explanation ### - - netstat -na - -This display all active Internet connections to the server and only established connections are included. - - netstat -an | grep :80 | sort - -Show only active Internet connections to the server on port 80, this is the http port and so it’s useful if you have a web server, and sort the results. Useful in detecting a single flood by allowing you to recognize many connections coming from one IP. - - netstat -n -p|grep SYN_REC | wc -l - -This command is useful to find out how many active SYNC_REC are occurring on the server. The number should be pretty low, preferably less than 5. On DoS attack incidents or mail bombs, the number can jump to pretty high. However, the value always depends on system, so a high value may be average on another server. - - netstat -n -p | grep SYN_REC | sort -u - -List out the all IP addresses involved instead of just count. - - netstat -n -p | grep SYN_REC | awk '{print $5}' | awk -F: '{print $1}' - -List all the unique IP addresses of the node that are sending SYN_REC connection status. - - netstat -ntu | awk '{print $5}' | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -n - -Use netstat command to calculate and count the number of connections each IP address makes to the server. - - netstat -anp |grep 'tcp|udp' | awk '{print $5}' | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -n - -List count of number of connections the IPs are connected to the server using TCP or UDP protocol. - - netstat -ntu | grep ESTAB | awk '{print $5}' | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr - -Check on ESTABLISHED connections instead of all connections, and displays the connections count for each IP. - - netstat -plan|grep :80|awk {'print $5'}|cut -d: -f 1|sort|uniq -c|sort -nk 1 - -Show and list IP address and its connection count that connect to port 80 on the server. Port 80 is used mainly by HTTP web page request. - -### How to mitigate a DOS attack ### - -Once that you have found the IP that are attacking your server you can use the following commands to block their connection to your server: - - iptables -A INPUT 1 -s $IPADRESS -j DROP/REJECT - -Please note that you have to replace $IPADRESS with the IP numbers that you have found with netstat. -After firing the above command, KILL all httpd connections to clean your system and than restart httpd service by -using the following commands: - - killall -KILL httpd - - service httpd start #For Red Hat systems - /etc/init/d/apache2 restart #For Debian systems - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://linuxaria.com/howto/how-to-verify-ddos-attack-with-netstat-command-on-linux-terminal - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://linuxaria.com/tag/network -[2]:http://linuxaria.com/tag/shell From e14efa058230327543dfc9162f0909a551b2693f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Fri, 23 May 2014 15:51:27 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 220/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140523-1=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...endering Engine Released as Open Source.md | 25 +++++++++++++++++++ ...ives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md | 23 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 48 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/Google Chrome's PDF Rendering Engine Released as Open Source.md create mode 100644 sources/news/Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md diff --git a/sources/news/Google Chrome's PDF Rendering Engine Released as Open Source.md b/sources/news/Google Chrome's PDF Rendering Engine Released as Open Source.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b823f85b19 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/Google Chrome's PDF Rendering Engine Released as Open Source.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +Google Chrome's PDF Rendering Engine Released as Open Source +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Google-Chrome-s-PDF-Rendering-Engine-Released-as-Open-Source-443461-2.jpg) + +**Large companies like Google don't really like open source projects, although their Chrome browser is based on Chromium. Now, the PDF rendering engine that is being used in Google Chrome has been released as open source.** + +The PDF rendering engine in Google Chrome is called [PDFium][1] and up until now the project has not been opened to the public. It's unclear what made them change their mind, but now users can download the PDFium source. + +Even if it's now open source, it's governed by a new BSD license that has some particular conditions. For example, the redistributions of the source code must retain the copyright notice, a list of conditions, and a disclaimer, the reproduction of the binary has to respect the same conditions, and neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software. + +Like most of the open source projects, it is available on GitHub and you can easily clone the project with the following command: + + git clone https://pdfium.googlesource.com/name + +It's unlikely that PDFium will be used in other major projects, but it's good to see that Google is trying to stay friendly with the open source community. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Google-Chrome-s-PDF-Rendering-Engine-Released-as-Open-Source-443461.shtml + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://code.google.com/p/pdfium/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/news/Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md b/sources/news/Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3a78f165b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Webmin-1-690-Arrives-with-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-Optimization-443451-2.jpg) + +**Webmin, a web-based interface for system administration for Unix, has just reached version 1.690 and is available for download.** + +With Webmin and with the help of any modern browser, users can set up user accounts, Apache servers, DNS, file sharing, and much more. The developers of Webmin have made regular updates to this piece of software. This latest version is not a major one, but some interesting fixes have been implemented. + +According to the developers, a number of security fixes for XSS attacks in popup windows have been added, the Fail2Ban module has been added and it's used for blocking the IP addresses of systems that have many failed logins, the handling of the url_rewrite_children directive in the Squid module has been fixed in order to support all the process count options, and the support for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS has been improved. + +Also, a number of security issues that could have been exploited by untrusted Webmin users in the PHP Configuration and Webalizer modules, the File Manager module Java applet has been signed, the UI library has been improved, and more. + +A complete list of changes and improvements can be found in the official [announcement][1]. You can download Webmin 1.690 right now from the website. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Webmin-1-690-Arrives-with-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-Optimization-443451.shtml + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.webmin.com/changes.html \ No newline at end of file From c0a1d600162a635a77c610804e2d03cb119987e0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: shipsw Date: Fri, 23 May 2014 15:55:59 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 221/601] Create How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 翻译完成 How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md --- ... with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md | 77 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 77 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/tech/How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md diff --git a/translated/tech/How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md b/translated/tech/How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ef84a1cd2e --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +如何使用netstat命令验证DDOS入侵 +================================================================================ + +一般来说，服务器非常慢可能原因是多方面的，有可能是配置错误，脚本错误或者是一些奇诡的硬件。当然也有可能是有人对你的服务器进行 Dos (拒绝服务攻击)或者 DDOS (分布式拒绝服务攻击)。 + +Dos攻击或者DDos攻击目的是使服务器或者网络资源耗尽，使其他用户无法使用。一般来说，这种攻击主要针对重要的网站或服务，比如银行、信用卡支付网关甚至是根域名服务器。Dos攻击主要通过强制目标主机重启或大量消耗其主机资源，使得目标主机无法提供服务或者妨害主机和用户之间的通信的手段，使得主机无法提供正常的服务的。 + +在本文中你将知道如何在终端中使用netstat命令判断服务器是否遭受Dos攻击。 + +netstat命令的用户手册描述其作用是用来显示网络连接、路由表、接口统计、伪连接和组播成员的。 + +## 一些例子和解释 ## + + netstat -na + +该命令将显示所有活动的网络连接。 + + netstat -an | grep :80 | sort + +显示所有80端口的网络连接并排序。这里的80端口是http端口，所以可以用来监控web服务。如果看到同一个IP有大量连接的话就可以判定单点流量攻击了。 + + netstat -n -p|grep SYN_REC | wc -l + +这个命令可以查找出当前服务器有多少个活动的 SYNC_REC 连接。正常来说这个值很小，最好小于5。 当有Dos攻击或者邮件炸弹的时候，这个值相当的高。尽管如此，这个值和系统有很大关系，有的服务器值就很高，也是正常现象。 + + netstat -n -p | grep SYN_REC | sort -u + +列出所有连接过的IP地址。 + + netstat -n -p | grep SYN_REC | awk '{print $5}' | awk -F: '{print $1}' + +列出所有发送SYN_REC连接节点的IP地址。 + + netstat -ntu | awk '{print $5}' | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -n + +使用netstat命令计算每个主机连接到本机的连接数。 + + netstat -anp |grep 'tcp|udp' | awk '{print $5}' | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -n + +列出所有连接到本机的UDP或者TCP连接的IP数量。 + + netstat -ntu | grep ESTAB | awk '{print $5}' | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr + +检查 ESTABLISHED 连接并且列出每个IP地址的连接数量。 + + netstat -plan|grep :80|awk {'print $5'}|cut -d: -f 1|sort|uniq -c|sort -nk 1 + +列出所有连接到本机80端口的IP地址和其连接数。80端口一般是用来处理HTTP网页请求。 + +## 如何减少DOS攻击 ## + +一旦你获得攻击服务器的IP地址你就可以使用以下命令拒绝此IP的所有连接。 + + iptables -A INPUT 1 -s $IPADRESS -j DROP/REJECT + +注意，你需要将 $IPADRESS 替换成需要拒绝连接的IP地址。 +执行完以上命令后，使用以下命令结束所有的httpd连接以清理系统。 + + killall -KILL httpd + + 然后执行以下命令重启httpd服务。 + + service httpd start #RedHat 系统 + + /etc/init/d/apache2 restart #Debian 系统 + + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + +via: http://linuxaria.com/howto/how-to-verify-ddos-attack-with-netstat-command-on-linux-terminal + +译者：[shipsw](https://github.com/shipsw) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + + From 1d081d6c668241ba8671c554dc767564ec359b51 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Fri, 23 May 2014 16:01:49 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 222/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140523-2=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...opts--Scripts with Command Line Options.md | 160 ++++++++++++++++++ ...reenshot from the command line on Linux.md | 83 +++++++++ 2 files changed, 243 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/Bash Getopts--Scripts with Command Line Options.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md diff --git a/sources/tech/Bash Getopts--Scripts with Command Line Options.md b/sources/tech/Bash Getopts--Scripts with Command Line Options.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8bac7d40db --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/Bash Getopts--Scripts with Command Line Options.md @@ -0,0 +1,160 @@ +Bash Getopts – Scripts with Command Line Options +================================================================================ +I've always wanted to know how to create command line options for my Bash scripts. After some research I found there are two functions available to handle this; **getopt** and **getopts**. I'm not going to get into the debate about which one is better. **getopts** is a shell builtin and seems a little easier to implement than **getopt**, so I'll go with that for now. + +### bash getopts ### + +I started out just trying to figure out how to process command line switches in my scripts. Eventually, I added some other useful functionality that makes this a good starting template for any interactive script. I've also included a help function with text formatting to make it a little easier to read. + +Rather than go into a lengthy explanation of how **getopts** works in **bash**, I think it's simpler to just show some working code in a script. + + #!/bin/bash + + ###################################################################### + #This is an example of using getopts in Bash. It also contains some + #other bits of code I find useful. + #Author: Linerd + #Website: http://tuxtweaks.com/ + #Copyright 2014 + #License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 + #http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode + ###################################################################### + + #Set Script Name variable + SCRIPT=`basename ${BASH_SOURCE[0]}` + + #Initialize variables to default values. + OPT_A=A + OPT_B=B + OPT_C=C + OPT_D=D + + #Set fonts for Help. + NORM=`tput sgr0` + BOLD=`tput bold` + REV=`tput smso` + + #Help function + function HELP { + echo -e \\n"Help documentation for ${BOLD}${SCRIPT}.${NORM}"\\n + echo -e "${REV}Basic usage:${NORM} ${BOLD}$SCRIPT file.ext${NORM}"\\n + echo "Command line switches are optional. The following switches are recognized." + echo "${REV}-a${NORM} --Sets the value for option ${BOLD}a${NORM}. Default is ${BOLD}A${NORM}." + echo "${REV}-b${NORM} --Sets the value for option ${BOLD}b${NORM}. Default is ${BOLD}B${NORM}." + echo "${REV}-c${NORM} --Sets the value for option ${BOLD}c${NORM}. Default is ${BOLD}C${NORM}." + echo "${REV}-d${NORM} --Sets the value for option ${BOLD}d${NORM}. Default is ${BOLD}D${NORM}." + echo -e "${REV}-h${NORM} --Displays this help message. No further functions are performed."\\n + echo -e "Example: ${BOLD}$SCRIPT -a foo -b man -c chu -d bar file.ext${NORM}"\\n + exit 1 + } + + #Check the number of arguments. If none are passed, print help and exit. + NUMARGS=$# + echo -e \\n"Number of arguments: $NUMARGS" + if [ $NUMARGS -eq 0 ]; then + HELP + fi + + ### Start getopts code ### + + #Parse command line flags + #If an option should be followed by an argument, it should be followed by a ":". + #Notice there is no ":" after "h". The leading ":" suppresses error messages from + #getopts. This is required to get my unrecognized option code to work. + + while getopts :a:b:c:d:h FLAG; do + case $FLAG in + a) #set option "a" + OPT_A=$OPTARG + echo "-a used: $OPTARG" + echo "OPT_A = $OPT_A" + ;; + b) #set option "b" + OPT_B=$OPTARG + echo "-b used: $OPTARG" + echo "OPT_B = $OPT_B" + ;; + c) #set option "c" + OPT_C=$OPTARG + echo "-c used: $OPTARG" + echo "OPT_C = $OPT_C" + ;; + d) #set option "d" + OPT_D=$OPTARG + echo "-d used: $OPTARG" + echo "OPT_D = $OPT_D" + ;; + h) #show help + HELP + ;; + \?) #unrecognized option - show help + echo -e \\n"Option -${BOLD}$OPTARG${NORM} not allowed." + HELP + #If you just want to display a simple error message instead of the full + #help, remove the 2 lines above and uncomment the 2 lines below. + #echo -e "Use ${BOLD}$SCRIPT -h${NORM} to see the help documentation."\\n + #exit 2 + ;; + esac + done + + shift $((OPTIND-1)) #This tells getopts to move on to the next argument. + + ### End getopts code ### + + + ### Main loop to process files ### + + #This is where your main file processing will take place. This example is just + #printing the files and extensions to the terminal. You should place any other + #file processing tasks within the while-do loop. + + while [ $# -ne 0 ]; do + FILE=$1 + TEMPFILE=`basename $FILE` + #TEMPFILE="${FILE##*/}" #This is another way to get the base file name. + FILE_BASE=`echo "${TEMPFILE%.*}"` #file without extension + FILE_EXT="${TEMPFILE##*.}" #file extension + + + echo -e \\n"Input file is: $FILE" + echo "File withouth extension is: $FILE_BASE" + echo -e "File extension is: $FILE_EXT"\\n + shift #Move on to next input file. + done + + ### End main loop ### + + exit 0 + +Paste the above text into a text editor and then save it somewhere in your executable path. I chose to call the script **options** and I saved it under **/home/linerd/bin**. Once you save it, make sure to make it executable. + + chmod +x ~/bin/options + +Now you can run the script. Try running it with the **-h** switch to show the help information. + + options -h + +Now try running it with an unsupported option. + + options -z + +Finally, getopts can handle your command line options in any order. The only rule is that the file or files you are processing have to come after all of the option switches. + + options -d bar -c chu -b man -a foo example1.txt example2.txt + +So you can see from these examples how you can set variables in your scripts with command line options. There's more going on than just getopts in this script, but I think these are valuable additions that make this a good starting template for new scripts. If you'd like to learn more about bash getopts, you can find the documentation buried deep within the bash man page in the "Builtins" section. You can also find info in the [Bash Reference Manual][1]. + +### What Next? ### + +So what will you use getopts for? Let me know in the comments. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://tuxtweaks.com/2014/05/bash-getopts/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://tuxtweaks.com/2014/05/bash-getopts/www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Bourne-Shell-Builtins.html \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md b/sources/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..59ccf57da1 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux +================================================================================ +There are various flavors of Linux screenshot utilities, including desktop-specific screenshot programs (e.g., KSnapshot for KDE, gnome-screenshot for GNOME, Screenshooter for Xfce), or general screenshot utilities (e.g., Shutter). One of unique screenshot utilities is Scrot (short for "SCReen shOT"), which is a **command-line screenshot utility**. While its interface is minimalistic, Scrot is, feature-wise, as powerful as other dedicated GUI-based screen capture tools. For example, Scrot supports delayed screenshot, adjustable quality/size, command line pipelining, etc. If you are one of those command line junkies, Scrot is a useful tool to add to your arsenal. In this tutorial, I will describe **how to take a screenshot from the command line with Scrot**. + +### Install Scrot on Linux ### + +To install Scrot on Debian, Ubuntu or Linux Mint: + + $ sudo apt-get install scrot + +To install Scrot on Fedora: + + $ sudo yum install scrot + +To install Scrot on CentOS, you can build it from its source as follows. + +First [enable Repoforge on CentOS][1], and use the following commands. + + $ sudo yum install giblib-devel + $ wget http://linuxbrit.co.uk/downloads/scrot-0.8.tar.gz + $ tar xvfvz scrot-0.8.tar.gz + $ cd scrot-0.8 + $ ./configure + $ make + $ sudo make install + +### Take Screenshots with Scrot ### + +In the rest of the tutorial, I will describe how to use Scrot to take screenshots in various ways. + +#### 1. Take a screenshot of the entire desktop #### + +Screen-capturing the entire desktop is easy. Simply run Scrot command without any argument, and it will save a screenshot of the entire desktop as a (date-stamped) .png file in the current directory. + + $ scrot + +You can also specify a destination folder and image file name. + + $ scrot ~/Pictures/my_desktop.png + +#### 2. Take a screenshot of a particular window or a rectangular region #### + +Scrot allows you to choose a specific window or define a rectangular region in your desktop to take a screenshot of. For that, use the following command. + + $ scrot -s + +After running this command, go ahead and click on any window or draw a rectangle with your mouse, which will trigger screen capture of the selected window/region. + +Sometimes the chosen region or window may be partially blocked by other windows of the desktop. In that case, you need some time to clear the area before taking a shot. That is when "delayed" screenshot can help you, as described next. + +#### 3. Take a delayed screenshot #### + +Delayed capture can be useful under various circumstances. Right before taking a shot, you may want to move windows around, activate a menu, or trigger a certain event (e.g., notification), etc. With "-d N" option, we can delay a screenshot process by N seconds. + + $ scrot -s -d 5 + +#### 4. Adjust quality of a screenshot #### + +You can adjust the image quality of a screenshot in the range of 1 to 100 (the higher the better quality). Default quality is 75. + + $ scrot -q 50 + +#### 5. Adjust the size of a screenshot #### + +You can adjust the size of a screenshot in the range of 1 to 100 (the higher the bigger). To reduce screenshot size to 10% of the original: + + $ scrot -t 10 + +#### 6. Pipeline a captured screenshot to another command #### + +Scrot allows you to send a saved screenshot image to any arbitrary command as an input. This option can be useful when you want to do any post-processing on a screenshot image. The filename/path of a screenshot is stored as "$f" string. + + $ scrot -e 'mv $f ~/screenshots' + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/take-screenshot-command-line-linux.html + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/01/how-to-set-up-rpmforge-repoforge-repository-on-centos.html \ No newline at end of file From f81f79ac6c257e4383c216261cf8bee654cf9c0f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Fri, 23 May 2014 16:09:42 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 223/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140523-3=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...e Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned.md | 2 ++ ...ity Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md | 34 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 36 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md diff --git a/sources/talk/The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned.md b/sources/talk/The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned.md index 8142cf3e2f..aa391ce7c3 100644 --- a/sources/talk/The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned.md +++ b/sources/talk/The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned ================================================================================ +![](http://readwrite.com/files/styles/1400_0/public/fields/shutterstock-open-gate.jpg) + > The open source community has been turning on itself lately, just like the good old days. Open source has gone soft. We used to pass the time with hangings of the ideologically impure, but of late we've had this weird obsession with sharing code and innovation. diff --git a/sources/talk/Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md b/sources/talk/Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c61665458b --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical +================================================================================ +![](http://thevarguy.com/site-files/thevarguy.com/files/imagecache/medium_img/uploads/2014/05/jonobacon.jpg) + +In a few days, Canonical, the company behind Ubuntu Linux, will bid farewell to its longtime community manager. [Jono Bacon][1], who has long been one of the most familiar faces in the Ubuntu world, is moving to a new position at the [XPRIZE Foundation][2]. + +Bacon, who joined Canonical in 2006, [reported on his blog][3] that he decided to leave Canonical after receiving an offer from XPRIZE, which [describes itself][4] as "an innovation engine" and "catalyst for the benefit of humanity." He will work at XPRIZE as senior director of Community, bringing to bear the skills he acquired helping to coordinate the Ubuntu community over the last eight years. + +Although Bacon was not directly responsible for the business or development side of things at Canonical, his departure is significant for the Ubuntu and open source worlds, where executive titles have tended to matter less than actual community involvement. Alongside Ubuntu founder and former Canonical CEO [Mark Shuttleworth][5], Bacon was one of the leading figures in the Ubuntu ecosystem since the project's earlier days. + +Bacon was arguably even more influential in shaping many aspects of Ubuntu than Jane Silber, who has been Canonical's CEO since 2010, but whose public presence has generally been limited. + +The team Bacon led—which includes Daniel Holbach, David Planella, Michael Hall, Nicholas Skaggs and Alan Pope—will continue his community leadership work at Canonical after his departure, he said. It is not yet clear, however, whether Canonical will be filling the community manager position he leaves behind. + +Perhaps Canonical shouldn't. In many ways, maintaining an official community leader is at odds with the open source ethos, which tends to celebrate decentralized, user-driven community organization. Few Ubuntu fans are likely to panic at the news of Bacon's change of jobs. + +Still, Bacon has helped to guide the Ubuntu community through a slew of crises—from Canonical's [failed attempt][6] to style the Ubuntu Software Center as a store, to [friction with the Fedora crowd][7], to [controversy][8] over the Amazon.com search features built into modern Ubuntu. He has left a mark on the Ubuntu ecosystem, and it won't be quite the same without him. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://thevarguy.com/ubuntu/052214/ubuntu-linux-community-manager-jono-bacon-leaves-canonical + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.jonobacon.org/ +[2]:http://www.xprize.org/ +[3]:http://www.jonobacon.org/2014/05/19/goodbye-canonical-hello-xprize/ +[4]:http://www.xprize.org/about/who-we-are +[5]:http://markshuttleworth.com/ +[6]:http://thevarguy.com/ubuntu/ubuntu-software-store-will-your-kids-try-it +[7]:http://thevarguy.com/open-source-application-software-companies/tensions-between-ubuntu-fedora-mount-over-new-website +[8]:http://thevarguy.com/var-guy/controversy-erupts-over-amazon-search-ubuntu-1210 \ No newline at end of file From 22af552a217091f3ceaddb13a9a48d323a4365e8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wwhio Date: Fri, 23 May 2014 19:31:23 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 224/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...endering Engine Released as Open Source.md | 25 ------------------- ...endering Engine Released as Open Source.md | 25 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/Google Chrome's PDF Rendering Engine Released as Open Source.md create mode 100644 translated/news/Google Chrome's PDF Rendering Engine Released as Open Source.md diff --git a/sources/news/Google Chrome's PDF Rendering Engine Released as Open Source.md b/sources/news/Google Chrome's PDF Rendering Engine Released as Open Source.md deleted file mode 100644 index b823f85b19..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/Google Chrome's PDF Rendering Engine Released as Open Source.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,25 +0,0 @@ -Google Chrome's PDF Rendering Engine Released as Open Source -================================================================================ -![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Google-Chrome-s-PDF-Rendering-Engine-Released-as-Open-Source-443461-2.jpg) - -**Large companies like Google don't really like open source projects, although their Chrome browser is based on Chromium. Now, the PDF rendering engine that is being used in Google Chrome has been released as open source.** - -The PDF rendering engine in Google Chrome is called [PDFium][1] and up until now the project has not been opened to the public. It's unclear what made them change their mind, but now users can download the PDFium source. - -Even if it's now open source, it's governed by a new BSD license that has some particular conditions. For example, the redistributions of the source code must retain the copyright notice, a list of conditions, and a disclaimer, the reproduction of the binary has to respect the same conditions, and neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software. - -Like most of the open source projects, it is available on GitHub and you can easily clone the project with the following command: - - git clone https://pdfium.googlesource.com/name - -It's unlikely that PDFium will be used in other major projects, but it's good to see that Google is trying to stay friendly with the open source community. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Google-Chrome-s-PDF-Rendering-Engine-Released-as-Open-Source-443461.shtml - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:https://code.google.com/p/pdfium/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/news/Google Chrome's PDF Rendering Engine Released as Open Source.md b/translated/news/Google Chrome's PDF Rendering Engine Released as Open Source.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e7e591d337 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/Google Chrome's PDF Rendering Engine Released as Open Source.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +谷歌浏览器使用的 PDF 渲染引擎以开源形式发布 +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Google-Chrome-s-PDF-Rendering-Engine-Released-as-Open-Source-443461-2.jpg) + +**大型公司，例如谷歌，并不会真的喜欢上开源项目，虽然他们的谷歌浏览器基于开源的 Chromium 浏览器。现在，在谷歌浏览器中所使用的 PDF 渲染引擎以开源形式发布了。** + +在谷歌浏览器中所使用的 PDF 渲染引擎是 [PDFium][1] ，迄今为止这个项目都没有向公众发布过。现在还不清楚是什么改变了他们的想法，不过现在用户们可以去下载 PDFium 的源代码了。 + +虽然 PDFium 现在是开源的，但是它是在一个有特定条件的新 BSD 协议下发布的。例如再次使用源代码必须保留其原有的版权声明、一份条件列表以及一份免责声明。对于二进制文件的再发布需要相同的条件。与此同时，无论是版权持有者还是它的贡献者都不能署名或推广该软件的衍生产品。 + +就像大多数的开源项目一样，它可以在 Github 上获得，你可以很容易地使用如下命令乃克隆该项目： + + git clone https://pdfium.googlesource.com/name + +虽然 PDFium 未必能在其他主要项目中使用，但我们很高兴看到谷歌正在试图对开源社区变得友好。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Google-Chrome-s-PDF-Rendering-Engine-Released-as-Open-Source-443461.shtml + +译者：[wwhio](https://github.com/wwhio) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://code.google.com/p/pdfium/ \ No newline at end of file From 517cec5ce78ae0f1772b41e97ccf74fb15b5fb22 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: JonathanKang Date: Fri, 23 May 2014 20:10:12 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 225/601] Translated --- ...nux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md | 46 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 46 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/news/Native Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md diff --git a/translated/news/Native Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md b/translated/news/Native Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9d107114eb --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/Native Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +本土化Spotify Linux客户端更新，添加新的黑色设计元素 +================================================================================ +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/spotify.jpg) + +**Linux版本的Spotify得到了更新，这一次带着同上个月其他主流服务商对其应用的更加扁平和更加黑色化的设计。** + +金属质感的灰色元素和白色清爽的条区设计形成了基于黑色和浅黑色的颜色设计方案。由于受旧时设计的限制，甚至这次新设计没有给该公司的green商标留出空间。 + +> ‘Spotify相关负责人说这种设计可以突出软件的内容’ + +在作曲家和个人资料条目中图片的设计上均采用了圆形的设计元素，并且在导航栏和播放控制按钮的地方采用了iOS 7风格。 +Rounded elements have been introduced on artist and profile photos, while navigation and player controls buttons have been given iOS 7-style thin line makeovers. + +Spotify官方说道这种设计风格突出了软件的内容，他们将之比作“*熄掉所有灯光的剧场。*” + +除了吸引你眼球的这些改变，还有一些你可能错过的不易察觉的变化。这包括Open SSL 1.0.x的使用、使用*libavcodec54*来实现本地音乐重放以及播放曲目变化时对本地系统通知的调用支持。 + +现在，该软件已不再提供32位的版本。 + +如果长期处于预览阶段，Linux下的本土化Spotify客户端将**支持免费和订阅账户**。 + +### 安装Spotify ### + +要在Ubuntu 14.04 LTS上安装Spotify，你可以打开terminal终端，然后输入下面的命令。 + +首先将Spotify官方的软件仓库添加到你的软件源列表中： + + sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://repository.spotify.com stable non-free" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/spotify.list' + +添加该软件仓库的安全密钥来避免不必要的错误： + + sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 94558F59 + +最后，更新并且安装Spotify： + + sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install spotify-client-qt + +安装完成后就可以从Dash启动Spotify了。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/spotify-linux-preview-update-new-design + +译者：[JonathanKang](https://github.com/JonathanKang) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 3962b9891392d6a6534b307f9de03e6e4b11f207 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: JonathanKang Date: Fri, 23 May 2014 20:10:30 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 226/601] Translated --- ...nux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md | 47 ------------------- 1 file changed, 47 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/Native Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md diff --git a/sources/news/Native Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md b/sources/news/Native Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md deleted file mode 100644 index 07e43fb18e..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/Native Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,47 +0,0 @@ -JonathanKang is translating - -Native Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design -================================================================================ -![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/spotify.jpg) - -**Spotify for Linux has been updated with the same flatter, darker design that the streaming service brought to its apps on other platforms last month. ** - -Steely grey gradients and expansive swathes of white have given way to a colour scheme based on black, black and slightly lighter black. Even the company’s trademark green hasn’t been spared the overhaul, with its use now limited to the odd flourish here and there. - -> ‘Spotify say the design puts the emphasis squarely on content’ - -Rounded elements have been introduced on artist and profile photos, while navigation and player controls buttons have been given iOS 7-style thin line makeovers. - -Spotify say the design puts the emphasis squarely on content, likening the new look to “*a cinema when you dim the lights.*” - -Aside from the changes staring you in the face there are a couple under the hood that you might otherwise miss. These include the use of OpenSSL 1.0.x, working local music playback using *libavcodec54* and support for native system notifications on track change. - -For now, 32-bit builds are not available. - -The native, if eternally-in-preview, Spotify client for Linux **supports free and subscription accounts**. - -### Install Spotify ### - -To install Spotify on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS open a new terminal and enter the following commands. - -The first adds the official Spotify repository to your software sources list: - - sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://repository.spotify.com stable non-free" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/spotify.list' - -Add the secure key for the repository to prevent errors being thrown up: - - sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 94558F59 - -Finally, update and install the application: - - sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install spotify-client-qt - -Launch the app from the Dash once installation has completed. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/spotify-linux-preview-update-new-design - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 8598c4266f2b1c60df147f2a7e8fbbc8750a6391 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Rekii Date: Sat, 24 May 2014 09:01:29 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 227/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8D=A0=E5=9D=91?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 《Bash Getopts – Scripts with Command Line Options》 --- .../tech/Bash Getopts--Scripts with Command Line Options.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/Bash Getopts--Scripts with Command Line Options.md b/sources/tech/Bash Getopts--Scripts with Command Line Options.md index 8bac7d40db..bbdb7fde84 100644 --- a/sources/tech/Bash Getopts--Scripts with Command Line Options.md +++ b/sources/tech/Bash Getopts--Scripts with Command Line Options.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +CNprober 翻译中<619913541,travelwithheart@yeah.net> + Bash Getopts – Scripts with Command Line Options ================================================================================ I've always wanted to know how to create command line options for my Bash scripts. After some research I found there are two functions available to handle this; **getopt** and **getopts**. I'm not going to get into the debate about which one is better. **getopts** is a shell builtin and seems a little easier to implement than **getopt**, so I'll go with that for now. @@ -157,4 +159,4 @@ via: http://tuxtweaks.com/2014/05/bash-getopts/ 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 -[1]:http://tuxtweaks.com/2014/05/bash-getopts/www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Bourne-Shell-Builtins.html \ No newline at end of file +[1]:http://tuxtweaks.com/2014/05/bash-getopts/www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Bourne-Shell-Builtins.html From 53e66099407a8eb9a3a00c8f0b66592110414c3d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Sat, 24 May 2014 10:53:51 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 228/601] [Translating]How to take a screenshot f.....Linux MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 翻译中 --- ...How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md b/sources/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md index 59ccf57da1..381c78a106 100644 --- a/sources/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md +++ b/sources/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +alim0x translating + How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux ================================================================================ There are various flavors of Linux screenshot utilities, including desktop-specific screenshot programs (e.g., KSnapshot for KDE, gnome-screenshot for GNOME, Screenshooter for Xfce), or general screenshot utilities (e.g., Shutter). One of unique screenshot utilities is Scrot (short for "SCReen shOT"), which is a **command-line screenshot utility**. While its interface is minimalistic, Scrot is, feature-wise, as powerful as other dedicated GUI-based screen capture tools. For example, Scrot supports delayed screenshot, adjustable quality/size, command line pipelining, etc. If you are one of those command line junkies, Scrot is a useful tool to add to your arsenal. In this tutorial, I will describe **how to take a screenshot from the command line with Scrot**. @@ -80,4 +82,4 @@ via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/take-screenshot-command-line-linux.html 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 -[1]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/01/how-to-set-up-rpmforge-repoforge-repository-on-centos.html \ No newline at end of file +[1]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/01/how-to-set-up-rpmforge-repoforge-repository-on-centos.html From bc7f66ca7d0a62d7d361856c6f41da6135b15537 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: John Date: Sat, 24 May 2014 12:18:51 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 229/601] johnhoow translating --- .../How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/sources/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md b/sources/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md index 59ccf57da1..f438f3536e 100644 --- a/sources/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md +++ b/sources/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +translating by johnhoow... + How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux ================================================================================ There are various flavors of Linux screenshot utilities, including desktop-specific screenshot programs (e.g., KSnapshot for KDE, gnome-screenshot for GNOME, Screenshooter for Xfce), or general screenshot utilities (e.g., Shutter). One of unique screenshot utilities is Scrot (short for "SCReen shOT"), which is a **command-line screenshot utility**. While its interface is minimalistic, Scrot is, feature-wise, as powerful as other dedicated GUI-based screen capture tools. For example, Scrot supports delayed screenshot, adjustable quality/size, command line pipelining, etc. If you are one of those command line junkies, Scrot is a useful tool to add to your arsenal. In this tutorial, I will describe **how to take a screenshot from the command line with Scrot**. From 1bd34edaaab188663f64e94507b157ac82ed8d96 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sat, 24 May 2014 12:25:13 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 230/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AThe=20Top=20?= =?UTF-8?q?8=20Open=20Source=20NoSQL=20Databases=20In=20Java?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...p 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md | 54 +++++++++++++++++++ ...p 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md | 54 ------------------- 2 files changed, 54 insertions(+), 54 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md delete mode 100644 translated/talk/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md diff --git a/published/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md b/published/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9d8fecda6d --- /dev/null +++ b/published/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +Java中8个顶级开源NoSQL数据库! +================================================================================ +![NoSQL Databases, Java, Terrastore, Neo4j, Voldemort, HBase, InfoGrid, HyperGraphDB, Perst, NeoDatis ODB](http://www.efytimes.com/admin/useradmin/photo/R6eL24207PM5202014.jpg) + +NoSQL正在崛起。许多企业和用户已经将MySQL数据库替换成了NoSQL数据库。NoSQL使分析非结构化的数据变得更容易，因此开发者必须意识到存在于NoSQL世界中的趋势和工具。 + +#### 1.[Terrastore][1] #### + +新的文档存储技术可以提供先进的伸缩性和弹性而不必牺牲一致性。Terrastore基于Trrracotta，它依赖于一个业界公认的，快速的（而且又酷）集群技术。 + +#### 2.[Neo4j][2] #### + +开源的图形数据库，用Java实现。开发者将Neo4j描述为“嵌入式，基于磁盘，完全事务的Java持久引擎，将数据结构化存储在图中而不是在二维表格中” + +#### 3.[Voldemort][3] #### + +分布式键值存储系统。本质上说是一个大型，分布式，持久的，容错哈希表。对于应用，它可以使用类似active-record或者hibernate的O/R映射工具，这些可以提供水平扩展和更高的可用性，但是会损失巨大的便利性。 + +#### 4.[HBase][4] #### + +Apache HBase是Google的Chang et al开发的，是继其开发的分布式存储系统Bigtable之后的另一个开源的、分布式、版本化的、非关系型数据库。 + +#### 5.[InfoGrid][5] #### + +带有很多额外的软件组件的Web图形数据库，使在图形数据库基础上开发Rest-ful的web应用变得很容易。 + +#### 6.[HyperGraphDB][6] #### + +通用的、可扩展、便携、嵌入式、开源数据存储机制。它是一个特别为人工智能和web语义项目设计的图形数据库，同样可以用于不同大小项目的嵌入式面向对象数据库。 + +#### 7.[Perst][7] #### + +Perst是McObject的开源实现，双许可证，面向对象的嵌入式数据库系统（ODBMS）。它的一个版本是用Java开发的嵌入式数据库，另外一个用C#实现（对于Microsoft .NET Framework的应用而言）。 + +#### 8.[NeoDatis ODB][8] #### + +一个简单的运行在Java、.Net、 Google Android、 Groovy 和 Scala上的对象数据库。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.efytimes.com/e1/fullnews.asp?edid=138992 + +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://code.google.com/p/terrastore/ +[2]:http://www.neo4j.org/ +[3]:http://www.project-voldemort.com/voldemort/ +[4]:http://hbase.apache.org/ +[5]:http://infogrid.org/trac/ +[6]:http://www.kobrix.com/hgdb.jsp +[7]:http://www.mcobject.com/perst/ +[8]:http://neodatis.wikidot.com/ diff --git a/translated/talk/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md b/translated/talk/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md deleted file mode 100644 index 814c051019..0000000000 --- a/translated/talk/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,54 +0,0 @@ -Java中8个顶级开源NoSQL数据库! -================================================================================ -![NoSQL Databases, Java, Terrastore, Neo4j, Voldemort, HBase, InfoGrid, HyperGraphDB, Perst, NeoDatis ODB](http://www.efytimes.com/admin/useradmin/photo/R6eL24207PM5202014.jpg) - -NoSQL正在崛起.许多企业和用户已经将MySQL数据库替换成了NoSQL版本。NoSQL使分析非结构化的数据变得更容易，因此开发者必须意识到存在于NoSQL世界中的趋势和工具。 - -#### 1.[Terrastore][1] #### - -现在文档存储可以提供先进的伸缩性和弹性而不必牺牲一致性。Terrastore基于Trrracotta，所以它依赖于一个业界公认的，快速的（而且又酷）集群技术。 - -#### 2.[Neo4j][2] #### - -开源图形数据库，用Java实现。开发者将Neo4j描述为“嵌入式，基于磁盘，完全事务Java持久引擎，将数据结构化存储在图形中而不是在表格中” - -#### 3.[Voldemort][3] #### - -分布式键值存储系统。它只是一个大型，分布式，持久的，容错哈系表。对于应用，它可以使用O/R映射工具像active-record或者hibernate，这些可以提供水平扩展和更高的可用性但是会损失巨大的便利性。 - -#### 4.[HBase][4] #### - -Apache HBase是在Google的Chang et al开发的分布式存储系统Bigtable之后的另一个开源分布式，版本化非关系型数据库。 - -#### 5.[InfoGrid][5] #### - -Web图形数据库带有很多额外的软件组件，使在图形基础上开发Rest-fu的web应用变得很容易。 - -#### 6.[HyperGraphDB][6] #### - -通用的、可扩展、便携、嵌入式、开源数据存储机制。它是一个特别为人工智能和web语义项目设计的图形数据库，同样可以用于所有大小项目的嵌入式面向对象数据库。 - -#### 7.[Perst][7] #### - -Perst是McObject的开源，双许可证，面向对象的嵌入式数据库系统（ODBMS）。它的一个版本是用Java开发的嵌入式数据库，另外一个用C#实现（对于Microsoft .NET Framework的应用而言）。 - -#### 8.[NeoDatis ODB][8] #### - -一个简单的运行在Java、.Net、 Google Android、 Groovy 和 Scala上的对象数据库。 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.efytimes.com/e1/fullnews.asp?edid=138992 - -译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:https://code.google.com/p/terrastore/ -[2]:http://www.neo4j.org/ -[3]:http://www.project-voldemort.com/voldemort/ -[4]:http://hbase.apache.org/ -[5]:http://infogrid.org/trac/ -[6]:http://www.kobrix.com/hgdb.jsp -[7]:http://www.mcobject.com/perst/ -[8]:http://neodatis.wikidot.com/ From e7a70af2c516193db65ab066d9c5066b60a9337b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: John Date: Sat, 24 May 2014 13:05:44 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 231/601] . --- .../How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md | 3 --- 1 file changed, 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md b/sources/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md index a54c9167b0..1f2fd8b817 100644 --- a/sources/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md +++ b/sources/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ - ->>>>>>> 1bd34edaaab188663f64e94507b157ac82ed8d96 - How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux ================================================================================ There are various flavors of Linux screenshot utilities, including desktop-specific screenshot programs (e.g., KSnapshot for KDE, gnome-screenshot for GNOME, Screenshooter for Xfce), or general screenshot utilities (e.g., Shutter). One of unique screenshot utilities is Scrot (short for "SCReen shOT"), which is a **command-line screenshot utility**. While its interface is minimalistic, Scrot is, feature-wise, as powerful as other dedicated GUI-based screen capture tools. For example, Scrot supports delayed screenshot, adjustable quality/size, command line pipelining, etc. If you are one of those command line junkies, Scrot is a useful tool to add to your arsenal. In this tutorial, I will describe **how to take a screenshot from the command line with Scrot**. From 1802fec642997c766abb5ba556f52f339d088336 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: recNeps Date: Sat, 24 May 2014 14:01:46 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 232/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90,by?= =?UTF-8?q?CNprober?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...opts--Scripts with Command Line Options.md | 45 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-) rename {sources => translated}/tech/Bash Getopts--Scripts with Command Line Options.md (55%) diff --git a/sources/tech/Bash Getopts--Scripts with Command Line Options.md b/translated/tech/Bash Getopts--Scripts with Command Line Options.md similarity index 55% rename from sources/tech/Bash Getopts--Scripts with Command Line Options.md rename to translated/tech/Bash Getopts--Scripts with Command Line Options.md index bbdb7fde84..da9c2c42d9 100644 --- a/sources/tech/Bash Getopts--Scripts with Command Line Options.md +++ b/translated/tech/Bash Getopts--Scripts with Command Line Options.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -CNprober 翻译中<619913541,travelwithheart@yeah.net> +CNprober 翻译完成 -Bash Getopts – Scripts with Command Line Options +Bash Getopts - 让你的脚本支持命令行参数 ================================================================================ -I've always wanted to know how to create command line options for my Bash scripts. After some research I found there are two functions available to handle this; **getopt** and **getopts**. I'm not going to get into the debate about which one is better. **getopts** is a shell builtin and seems a little easier to implement than **getopt**, so I'll go with that for now. + +以前我总想知道如何为我的Bash脚本创建命令行参数。经过搜索，我发现了2个函数可以处理这个问题，**getopt** 函数和 **getopts** 函数。我无意争论哪一个函数更好的。**getopts** 是一个shell内建命令，而且似乎比 **getopt** 更容易实现这个功能，所以在这篇文章里我准备讲讲getopts。 ### bash getopts ### -I started out just trying to figure out how to process command line switches in my scripts. Eventually, I added some other useful functionality that makes this a good starting template for any interactive script. I've also included a help function with text formatting to make it a little easier to read. +开始的时候，我只试着处理传递给脚本的命令行参数。最后，我添加了另外一些有用的功能函数，使得这个脚本可以成为其他任何交互式脚本处理命令行的开始模板。我还添加了一个纯文本格式的帮助函数，让脚本更加容易阅读。 -Rather than go into a lengthy explanation of how **getopts** works in **bash**, I think it's simpler to just show some working code in a script. +与其来一长段文字解释 **getopts** 在bash中是如何工作的，我认为不如直接来一个能工作的脚本更让人觉得轻松一些。 #!/bin/bash @@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ Rather than go into a lengthy explanation of how **getopts** works in **bash**, OPT_C=C OPT_D=D - #Set fonts for Help. + #Set fonts for Help.[译注: 这里tput用来更改终端文本属性,比如加粗，高亮等] NORM=`tput sgr0` BOLD=`tput bold` REV=`tput smso` @@ -60,9 +61,8 @@ Rather than go into a lengthy explanation of how **getopts** works in **bash**, ### Start getopts code ### #Parse command line flags - #If an option should be followed by an argument, it should be followed by a ":". - #Notice there is no ":" after "h". The leading ":" suppresses error messages from - #getopts. This is required to get my unrecognized option code to work. + #如果选项需要后跟参数，在选项后面加":" + #注意"-h"选项后面没有":"，因为他不需要参数。选项字符串最开始的":"是用来去掉来自getopts本身的报错的，同时获取不能识别的选项。（译注：如果选项字符串不以":"开头，发生错误（非法的选项或者缺少参数）时，getopts会向错误输出打印错误信息；如果以":"开头，则不会打印[在man中叫slient error reporting]，同时将出错的选项赋给OPTARG变量） while getopts :a:b:c:d:h FLAG; do case $FLAG in @@ -92,8 +92,7 @@ Rather than go into a lengthy explanation of how **getopts** works in **bash**, \?) #unrecognized option - show help echo -e \\n"Option -${BOLD}$OPTARG${NORM} not allowed." HELP - #If you just want to display a simple error message instead of the full - #help, remove the 2 lines above and uncomment the 2 lines below. + #在这里如果你不想打印完整的帮助信息，只想显示简单的错误信息，去掉上面的两行，同时使用下面的两行。 #echo -e "Use ${BOLD}$SCRIPT -h${NORM} to see the help documentation."\\n #exit 2 ;; @@ -107,14 +106,12 @@ Rather than go into a lengthy explanation of how **getopts** works in **bash**, ### Main loop to process files ### - #This is where your main file processing will take place. This example is just - #printing the files and extensions to the terminal. You should place any other - #file processing tasks within the while-do loop. - + #这里你可以用你的脚本处理逻辑来替代。这个例子只是在终端中打印文件的文件名和后缀名。你可以把任意其他的文件处理任务放到这个while-do循环中。 + while [ $# -ne 0 ]; do FILE=$1 TEMPFILE=`basename $FILE` - #TEMPFILE="${FILE##*/}" #This is another way to get the base file name. + #TEMPFILE="${FILE##*/}" #另外一种获取不带后缀的文件名的方法。 FILE_BASE=`echo "${TEMPFILE%.*}"` #file without extension FILE_EXT="${TEMPFILE##*.}" #file extension @@ -129,33 +126,33 @@ Rather than go into a lengthy explanation of how **getopts** works in **bash**, exit 0 -Paste the above text into a text editor and then save it somewhere in your executable path. I chose to call the script **options** and I saved it under **/home/linerd/bin**. Once you save it, make sure to make it executable. +将上面的代码复制到你的文本编辑器里，然后保存到你的可执行路径下。我将这个脚本命名为 **options** 并保存到 **/home/linerd/bin** 路径下。保存之后记得给你的脚本添加可执行权限。 chmod +x ~/bin/options -Now you can run the script. Try running it with the **-h** switch to show the help information. +现在脚本已经可以运行了。试试用 **-h** 参数来打印帮助信息吧。 options -h -Now try running it with an unsupported option. +遇到不支持的选项，脚本同样可以给出提示，并打印帮助信息。 options -z -Finally, getopts can handle your command line options in any order. The only rule is that the file or files you are processing have to come after all of the option switches. +最后，getopts可以以任意的顺序处理你给的命令行参数。唯一的限制是你要处理的文件必须放在所有参数的最后。 options -d bar -c chu -b man -a foo example1.txt example2.txt -So you can see from these examples how you can set variables in your scripts with command line options. There's more going on than just getopts in this script, but I think these are valuable additions that make this a good starting template for new scripts. If you'd like to learn more about bash getopts, you can find the documentation buried deep within the bash man page in the "Builtins" section. You can also find info in the [Bash Reference Manual][1]. +现在你可以从这些例子里看到如何通过命令行参数给脚本里的变量赋值。这个脚本里除了getopts还有很多其他的东西，但是我认为这些就足以成为一个新脚本的开头模板了。如果你有兴趣更深入地学习bash的getopts，你可以找找深埋在man page的“Builtins”这一节里的文档，也可以从 [Bash Reference Manual][1] 找到信息。 -### What Next? ### +### 接下来呢? ### -So what will you use getopts for? Let me know in the comments. +你会用getops来干什么呢？在评论里告诉我吧。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://tuxtweaks.com/2014/05/bash-getopts/ -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[daisy_love_daisy](https://github.com/CNprober) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 283b808aaac7dd92beed3a3ce87b77e22413fe77 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Sat, 24 May 2014 07:04:57 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 233/601] [Translating]Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization --- ...ebmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md | 5 ++++- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md b/sources/news/Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md index 3a78f165b0..6a9e1a7b99 100644 --- a/sources/news/Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md +++ b/sources/news/Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md @@ -1,3 +1,6 @@ +Translating-------------geekpi + + Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Webmin-1-690-Arrives-with-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-Optimization-443451-2.jpg) @@ -20,4 +23,4 @@ via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Webmin-1-690-Arrives-with-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-O 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 -[1]:http://www.webmin.com/changes.html \ No newline at end of file +[1]:http://www.webmin.com/changes.html From f5516ac860eb9295a8aad7f257582d77dd420d48 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Sat, 24 May 2014 07:23:52 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 234/601] [Translated]Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization --- ...ives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md | 19 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/news/Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md b/sources/news/Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md index 6a9e1a7b99..61dbf4f301 100644 --- a/sources/news/Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md +++ b/sources/news/Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md @@ -1,25 +1,24 @@ -Translating-------------geekpi - - -Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization +Webmin 1.690 带来了Ubuntu 14.04 LTS上的优化 ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Webmin-1-690-Arrives-with-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-Optimization-443451-2.jpg) -**Webmin, a web-based interface for system administration for Unix, has just reached version 1.690 and is available for download.** +**Webmin是一个基于web接口面向Unix系统管理员的工具, 现在的版本是1.690 并且可以下载了** -With Webmin and with the help of any modern browser, users can set up user accounts, Apache servers, DNS, file sharing, and much more. The developers of Webmin have made regular updates to this piece of software. This latest version is not a major one, but some interesting fixes have been implemented. +在任何现代的浏览器下运行webmin,用户都可以设置用户账号,apache、apache服务器、DNS、文件共享和更多。Webmin的开发者已经对这个软件做了一些常规更新。最新的版本不是一个主版本，但是仍就有一些有趣的修复。 -According to the developers, a number of security fixes for XSS attacks in popup windows have been added, the Fail2Ban module has been added and it's used for blocking the IP addresses of systems that have many failed logins, the handling of the url_rewrite_children directive in the Squid module has been fixed in order to support all the process count options, and the support for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS has been improved. -Also, a number of security issues that could have been exploited by untrusted Webmin users in the PHP Configuration and Webalizer modules, the File Manager module Java applet has been signed, the UI library has been improved, and more. +据开发者所言，加入了一些对于XSS攻击的安全修复、Fail2Ban模块已经加入，它用于阻止多次登录系统失败的IP地址，Squid模块中的url_rewrite_children指令已经修复为了支持所有的进程数量选项,并且对于Ubuntu 14.04的支持已经改善。 -A complete list of changes and improvements can be found in the official [announcement][1]. You can download Webmin 1.690 right now from the website. + +还有一些安全问题如可以被未信任的Webmin用户在PHP配置和Webalizer模块中利用，java applet的文件管理模块已经签名，UI库已经更新等。 + +完整的改变和改进列表可以在官方[申明][1]中找到。你现在可以在网站中下载Webmin 1.690。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Webmin-1-690-Arrives-with-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-Optimization-443451.shtml -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 51e730c96b258967a33c91799e8e35fcde9d0aad Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Sat, 24 May 2014 07:24:34 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 235/601] Rename sources/news/Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md to translated/news/Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md --- .../Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename {sources => translated}/news/Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md (100%) diff --git a/sources/news/Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md b/translated/news/Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md similarity index 100% rename from sources/news/Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md rename to translated/news/Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md From 26af044a3b30f062e297a036c1b45b73df61647f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Frank Zhang Date: Sat, 24 May 2014 20:26:25 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 236/601] [translated] Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi--Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You --- ...Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md | 244 ------------------ ...Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md | 242 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 242 insertions(+), 244 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/talk/Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi--Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md create mode 100644 translated/talk/Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi--Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md diff --git a/sources/talk/Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi--Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md b/sources/talk/Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi--Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1a7af56e3a..0000000000 --- a/sources/talk/Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi--Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,244 +0,0 @@ -zpl1025 -Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi: Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You? -================================================================================ -![](http://readwrite.com/files/styles/1400_0/public/fields/arduinopi.jpg) - -If you’re at all familiar with do-it-yourself (DIY) electronics, you’ve probably heard about the comparable merits of [Arduino][1] and [Raspberry Pi][2]. You may have even, [like I did][3], assumed they were competing hardware platforms solving similar problems. - -Actually, Arduino and Raspberry Pi are quite different. For starters, Raspberry Pi is a fully functional computer, while Arduino is a microcontroller, which is just a single component of a computer. - -Here’s a primer to differentiating Arduino and Raspberry Pi, and to determining which of the two DIY hacking devices best fits your needs as a maker. - -### Overview ### - -Raspberry Pi and Arduino were both originally designed to be teaching tools, which is why they’ve become so popular—both devices are very easy to learn to use. - -Raspberry Pi hails from the United Kingdom. Inventor Eben Upton and his colleagues at the University of Cambridge’s Computer Laboratory were frustrated by the dwindling number of students, and the poor skill levels of those students, entering the program. Raspberry Pi was designed to be a cheap, hackable computer for improving tinkering skills. While Upton worked on prototypes from 2006 onward, the first shipment of Pis became available in [April 2012][4]. - -Arduino, on the other hand, was born in Italy. It was named after the bar where inventor Massimo Banzi and his cofounders first forged the idea. Banzi, a teacher at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea, wanted a simple hardware prototyping tool for his design students. - -As teaching tools, both Arduino and Raspberry Pi suitable for beginners. It’s only when examining their hardware and software that it becomes apparent they’re used for very different types of projects. - -### Hardware And Software ### - -Here’s an overview of some of the specs that show the biggest differences between the two: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
-

 

-		 -

Arduino Uno

-		 -

Raspberry Pi Model B

-
-

Price

-		 -

$30

-		 -

$35

-
-

Size

-		 -

7.6 x 1.9 x 6.4 cm

-		 -

8.6cm x 5.4cm x 1.7cm

-
-

Memory 

-		 -

0.002MB

-		 -

512MB

-
-

Clock Speed

-		 -

16 MHz

-		 -

700 MHz

-
-

On Board Network

-		 -

None

-		 -

10/100 wired Ethernet RJ45

-
-

Multitasking

-		 -

No

-		 -

Yes

-
-

Input voltage

-		 -

7 to 12 V

-		 -

5 V

-
-

Flash

-		 -

32KB

-		 -

SD Card (2 to 16G) 

-
-

USB 

-		 -

One, input only

-		 -

Two, peripherals OK

-
-

Operating System

-		 -

None

-		 -

Linux distributions

-
-

Integrated Development Environment

-		 -

Arduino

-		 -

Scratch, IDLE, anything with Linux support

-
- -The price and size of the two devices are comparable; we already knew Raspberry Pi and Arduino were tiny and cheap. It’s the stuff inside that sets them apart. - -The Raspberry Pi is 40 times faster than an Arduino when it comes to clock speed. Even more seemingly damning for Arduino, Pi has 128,000 times more RAM. The Raspberry Pi is an independent computer that can run an actual operating system in Linux. It can multitask, support two USB ports, and connect wirelessly to the Internet. In short, it’s powerful enough to function as a personal computer (though not powerful enough to compete with your Mac or PC). - -It might sound like Raspberry Pi is superior to Arduino, but that's only when it comes to software applications. Arduino’s simplicity makes it a much better bet for pure hardware projects. - -I asked Limor Fried, the founder of [Adafruit][5], a DIY electronics store that offers parts and kits for both Arduino and Pi projects, about her expert opinion on their differences. An MIT educated engineer whose mission in life is to teach electronics to people of all skill levels, Fried knows both platforms better than most. - -“Arduino does have a 'real-time' and 'analog' capability that the Pi does not: This flexibility allows it to work with just about any kind of sensor or chips,” Fried said. “The Pi is not as flexible; for example, reading analog sensors requires extra hardware assistance. There are also thousands of tutorials on hooking an Arduino into just about every kind of part. On the other hand, the Pi benefits from decades of Linux software, so they're both great choices.” - -The Arduino IDE is significantly easier to use than Linux. For example, if you wanted to write a program to blink an LED with Raspberry Pi, you’d need to install an operating system and some code libraries—and that’s just to start. On Arduino, you can get an LED light to blink in just eight lines of code. Since Arduino isn’t designed to run an OS or a lot of software, you can just plug it in and get started. - -Raspberry Pi can multitask processes—it can run multiple programs in the background while activated. For example, I have a Raspberry Pi that is serving as both a print server and a [VPN server][6] at the same time. - -On the other hand, you can leave an Arduino plugged in as it conducts a single process for a long time, and just unplug it when you’re not using it. This is why Fried would recommend the Arduino for beginners before she would the Pi: - -“The Arduino is simpler, harder to 'break' or 'damage' and has much more learning resources at this time for beginners,” Fried said. “With the Pi you have to learn some Linux as well as programming—such as Python. The Arduino works with any computer and can run off of a battery. You can also turn it on and off safely at any time. The Pi setup can be damaged by unplugging it without a proper shutdown.” - -While the Raspberry Pi shines in software application, the Arduino makes hardware projects very simple. It’s simply a matter of figuring out what you want to do. - -### Working Together ### - -The ultimate answer when deciding between the Pi and Arduino is, “Why choose?” If you’re looking to learn about electronics, each one will teach you something different. - -According to Fried, Raspberry Pi and Arduino are complementary. She suggested a scenario where the Arduino is the sensory workhouse, while the Pi doles out directions: - -“They work great together,” Fried said. “The Arduino is best for motor driving, sensor reading, LED driving, etc while you can have an Internet-connected Pi drive it, a mini computer that can play videos, music or send emails with ease.” - -Author Simon Monk, who has written dozens of books on both Pi and Arduino, blogged a tutorial for [getting Raspberry Pi to talk to Arduino][7] in just a few lines of code. It makes use of a Python library, [PySerial][8], that the Arduino foundation recommends as the easiest way to get computers to talk to Arduino. - -Once you’ve got that down, the possibilities are infinite. You could [homebrew beer][9], with the Arduino controlling the sensors and the Pi managing the brains of the operation. You could also create a [platform for making robots][10] that are much more capable than plain Arduino or Raspberry Pi bots. - -### Community ### - -Both Raspberry Pi and Arduino have large, active communities surrounding them. Not only are they used in schools and universities, but also in hackerspaces worldwide. - -Here are some of the places you can visit to get Raspberry Pi support and project ideas: - -- [The Raspberry Pi Foundation — FAQs][10] -- [The Raspberry Pi Foundation — Project Forums][11] -- [Learn Raspberry Pi with Adafruit][12] -- [Element 14 (Pi’s manufacturer) Raspberry Pi Community][13] -- [The Raspberry Pi Wiki][14] - -Here are some of the places you can visit to get the same for Arduino: - -- [Arduino’s Official Getting Started Guide][15] -- [Arduino Playground][16] -- [Arduino Official Forums][17] -- [Learn Arduino with Adafruit][18] -- [r/arduino on Reddit][19] - -Photo by [Simon Monk][20] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://readwrite.com/2014/05/07/arduino-vs-raspberry-pi-projects-diy-platform#feed=/hack&awesm=~oEFMq68riarQK2 - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://readwrite.com/2014/04/21/easy-arduino-projects-basics-tutorials-diy-hardware -[2]:http://readwrite.com/2014/01/20/raspberry-pi-everything-you-need-to-know -[3]:http://readwrite.com/2014/04/16/arduino-raspberry-pi-connected-home-tutorials-projects -[4]:http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/1081 -[5]:http://www.adafruit.com/ -[6]:http://readwrite.com/2014/04/10/raspberry-pi-vpn-tutorial-server-secure-web-browsing -[7]:http://www.doctormonk.com/2012/04/raspberry-pi-and-arduino.html -[8]:http://playground.arduino.cc/Interfacing/Python -[9]:http://www.brewpi.com/ -[10]:http://www.raspberrypi.org/help/faqs/ -[11]:http://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewforum.php?f=15 -[12]:https://learn.adafruit.com/category/learn-raspberry-pi -[13]:http://www.element14.com/community/community/raspberry-pi -[14]:http://elinux.org/RPi_Hub -[15]:http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/HomePage -[16]:http://playground.arduino.cc/Projects/ArduinoUsers -[17]:http://forum.arduino.cc/ -[18]:https://learn.adafruit.com/category/learn-arduino -[19]:http://www.reddit.com/r/Arduino -[20]:http://www.doctormonk.com/2012/04/raspberry-pi-and-arduino.html diff --git a/translated/talk/Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi--Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md b/translated/talk/Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi--Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..548f503c5c --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/talk/Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi--Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md @@ -0,0 +1,242 @@ +Arduino Vs. 树莓派: 哪个是更适合你的DIY平台？ +================================================================================ +![](http://readwrite.com/files/styles/1400_0/public/fields/arduinopi.jpg) + +如果你很熟悉电子DIY，那么应该听过[Arduino][1]和[树莓派][2]的优点比较。你也许甚至会猜测，[像我之前认为的][3]，它们两个是处理相似问题的相互竞争的硬件平台。 + +实际上，Arduino和树莓派非常不一样。对于初学者来说，树莓派是一台完整功能的计算机，而Arduino只是一个微控制器，仅仅是组成计算机的一个模块。 + +这里有一些指引来帮助你区分Arduino和树莓派，然后确定这两个DIY设备中的哪个更适合你的需求。 + +### 概述 ### + +树莓派和Arduino最开始都被设计成教育工具，这也是它们现在这么流行的原因，它们两个都非常容易学习使用。 + +树莓派来自英国。开始的时候，发明者Eben Upton和他在剑桥大学计算机实验室的同事对学生数量的减少和差劲的技能感到非常懊恼，于是想办法解决这个问题。他们设计的树莓派是一台便宜的方便修改的计算机，目的是提高动手能力。Upton在2006年设计了树莓派的原型，在[2012年4月][4]的时候第一次可以在市场上买到。 + +另一个，Arduino诞生于意大利。它是根据发明者Massimo Banzi和合伙人想到这个点子的一个酒吧的名字命名的。Banzi是伊夫雷亚互动设计学院的一名教师，他想为他学设计的学生做一个简单的硬件原型制作工具。 + +作为教育工具，Arduino和树莓派都适合初学者。而在了解了他们的硬件和软件特点之后，很明显他们会应用到完全不同的项目中。 + +### 硬件和软件 ### + +这里大概列出了两者规格上的最大差异 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+

 

+		 +

Arduino Uno

+		 +

树莓派Model B

+
+

价格

+		 +

$30

+		 +

$35

+
+

体积

+		 +

7.6 x 1.9 x 6.4 cm

+		 +

8.6cm x 5.4cm x 1.7cm

+
+

内存 

+		 +

0.002MB

+		 +

512MB

+
+

主频

+		 +

16 MHz

+		 +

700 MHz

+
+

集成网络

+		 +

没有

+		 +

10/100M以太网RJ45

+
+

多任务支持

+		 +

没有

+		 +

有

+
+

输入电压

+		 +

7到12伏

+		 +

5伏

+
+

内部存储

+		 +

32KB

+		 +

SD卡(2到16G) 

+
+

USB 

+		 +

一个，仅做为输入

+		 +

两个，可扩展外围设备

+
+

操作系统

+		 +

没有

+		 +

Linux发行版

+
+

集成开发环境

+		 +

Arduino

+		 +

Scratch, IDLE, Linux支持的任何环境

+
+ +它们两个的价格和体积都差不多，我们已经知道树莓派和Arduino都很小巧很便宜，只是它们所包含的东西决定了它们的不同。 +树莓派在时钟速度上比Arduino快40倍。而更打击Arduino的是，树莓派拥有128,000倍的内存。树莓派是一台独立的计算机，可以运行实际的Linux操作系统，支持多任务，支持两个USB端口，还可以无线连接到因特网。总之，它足够强劲，完全可以作为个人电脑（但是还不足以与Mac或PC比较）。 + +也许看起来树莓派比Arduino高级，但那仅仅是软件应用。Arduino的简单让它在单纯的硬件项目中表现更好。 + +我采访了Limor Fried，她是[Adafruit][5]的创办者，Adafruit是一个DIY电子商店提供Arduino和树莓派的部件和工具，询问了她关于这两者之间不同的专业意见。作为一个从MIT毕业的工程师，立志要教所有级别的电子技术的高手，Fried比其他人更懂这两个平台。 + +“Arduino有处理'实时'和'模拟电路'的能力，这是树莓派没有的，这种灵活性让它可以匹配任何传感器或芯片”Fried这样说，“树莓派就没有这样灵活，比如，要读取模拟传感器就需要额外的硬件协助。有成千上万的教程教你把Arduino挂到几乎所有的器件上。另一方面，树莓派可以受益于多年的Linux软件积累，所以它们两个都是很棒的选择。” + +Arduino的集成开发环境明显比Linux容易太多了。比如，如果你在树莓派上想写个程序让LED闪烁，你需要安装一个操作系统以及各种代码库，而这还仅仅只是开始。而在Arduino上，你可以用仅仅8行代码来让LED闪烁。而且，Arduino并没有设计成运行操作系统或是大量软件，你可以仅仅把它插到板子上，它就开始工作了。 + +树莓派可以支持多个任务进程，它可以在后台运行多个程序。比如，我有一台树莓派同时用作打印服务器和[VPN服务器][6]。 + +另一方面，你可以让Arduino插在板子上去长时间执行单一的任务，而当你想停止的时候把它拔出来就好了。这也是为什么Fried建议初学者在玩树莓派之前先玩Arduino： + +“Arduino更简单，更难'变砖'或'损坏'，而且有更多的适合初学者的学习资源。”Fried这样说，“而要玩树莓派，你不但要学习编程比如Python，还要学习Linux。Arduino可以在任意电脑上工作，而且可以用电池供电，你可以任意时候随时开关都很安全。而树莓派在没有合适关机的情况下断电可能会损坏。” + +树莓派在软件应用上大放光芒，而Arduino让硬件项目变得更简单。所以问题变成你先确定你想做什么。 + +### 一起使用 ### + +选择树莓派或是Arduino的终极答案是：“为什么要选择？”如果你想学习一些电子知识，它们中任意一个可以教你不同的内容。 + +按照Fried的意见，树莓派和Arduino是互补的。她提供了一种场景，Arduino是传感器工场，而树莓派负责分发指令： + +“它们在一起工作会更好”Fried说，“Arduino非常适合驱动马达，读取传感器数据，控制LED，等等。而同时你可以用一个连接到因特网的树莓派来驱动Arduino，一台迷你电脑可以轻松地用来播放视频，音乐或是发送邮件。” + +作者Simon Monk，他曾经写过大量关于树莓派和Arduino的书，在博客里写了篇教程用一点点代码就可以[连接树莓派和Arduino][7]。它用到了Python的库，[PySerial][8]，这也是Arduino基地推荐的连接电脑和Arduino的最容易的方式。 + +只要你做到了这个，那几乎就有无限可能了。你可以[自制啤酒][9]，用Arduino控制传感器，而用树莓派来处理主要流程。你还可以建立一个[制造机器人的平台][10]，比单独的Arduino或是树莓派机器人强大多了。 + +### 社区 ### + +不管树莓派还是Arduino，都有很多大型的，活跃的社区。这些论坛不仅仅是在学校和大学里使用，世界范围的骇客们也都在里面。 + +下面这些地方你可以去看看，里面会有树莓派的支持和一些项目创意： + +- [The Raspberry Pi Foundation — FAQs][10] +- [The Raspberry Pi Foundation — Project Forums][11] +- [Learn Raspberry Pi with Adafruit][12] +- [Element 14 (Pi’s manufacturer) Raspberry Pi Community][13] +- [The Raspberry Pi Wiki][14] + +下面是关于Arduino的： + +- [Arduino’s Official Getting Started Guide][15] +- [Arduino Playground][16] +- [Arduino Official Forums][17] +- [Learn Arduino with Adafruit][18] +- [r/arduino on Reddit][19] + +图片来源：[Simon Monk][20] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://readwrite.com/2014/05/07/arduino-vs-raspberry-pi-projects-diy-platform#feed=/hack&awesm=~oEFMq68riarQK2 + +译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://readwrite.com/2014/04/21/easy-arduino-projects-basics-tutorials-diy-hardware +[2]:http://readwrite.com/2014/01/20/raspberry-pi-everything-you-need-to-know +[3]:http://readwrite.com/2014/04/16/arduino-raspberry-pi-connected-home-tutorials-projects +[4]:http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/1081 +[5]:http://www.adafruit.com/ +[6]:http://readwrite.com/2014/04/10/raspberry-pi-vpn-tutorial-server-secure-web-browsing +[7]:http://www.doctormonk.com/2012/04/raspberry-pi-and-arduino.html +[8]:http://playground.arduino.cc/Interfacing/Python +[9]:http://www.brewpi.com/ +[10]:http://www.raspberrypi.org/help/faqs/ +[11]:http://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewforum.php?f=15 +[12]:https://learn.adafruit.com/category/learn-raspberry-pi +[13]:http://www.element14.com/community/community/raspberry-pi +[14]:http://elinux.org/RPi_Hub +[15]:http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/HomePage +[16]:http://playground.arduino.cc/Projects/ArduinoUsers +[17]:http://forum.arduino.cc/ +[18]:https://learn.adafruit.com/category/learn-arduino +[19]:http://www.reddit.com/r/Arduino +[20]:http://www.doctormonk.com/2012/04/raspberry-pi-and-arduino.html From f5c48961d256adecf07b9bf73a398f45ec2b1bb2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Sat, 24 May 2014 07:32:50 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 237/601] Update What Heartbleed Teaches Us--Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md --- ...hes Us--Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md | 5 ++++- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/What Heartbleed Teaches Us--Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md b/sources/talk/What Heartbleed Teaches Us--Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md index 8d4c6cc64b..4ce1a0b473 100644 --- a/sources/talk/What Heartbleed Teaches Us--Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md +++ b/sources/talk/What Heartbleed Teaches Us--Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md @@ -1,3 +1,6 @@ +Translating-------------geekpi + + What Heartbleed Teaches Us: Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User ================================================================================ ![](http://readwrite.com/files/styles/1400_0/public/fields/heart-shaped-hole-heartbleed.jpg) @@ -60,4 +63,4 @@ via: http://readwrite.com/2014/05/14/heartbleed-open-source-contribution-users [4]:http://comerford.cc/wordpress/2014/04/15/my-conclusion-heartbleed-timeline/ [5]:http://www.smh.com.au/it-pro/security-it/heartbleed-disclosure-timeline-who-knew-what-and-when-20140415-zqurk.html [6]:http://blogs.wsj.com/cio/2014/05/06/dish-looks-to-open-source-software-after-database-failure/ -[7]:http://www.cnet.com/news/red-hat-solve-enterprise-waste-through-open-source/ \ No newline at end of file +[7]:http://www.cnet.com/news/red-hat-solve-enterprise-waste-through-open-source/ From 21295f01adfc04baea3ca3b1706a7f277b951569 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sat, 24 May 2014 20:58:49 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 238/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AGoogle=20Chr?= =?UTF-8?q?ome's=20PDF=20Rendering=20Engine=20Released=20as=20Open=20Sourc?= =?UTF-8?q?e?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...rome's PDF Rendering Engine Released as Open Source.md | 8 ++++---- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) rename {translated/news => published}/Google Chrome's PDF Rendering Engine Released as Open Source.md (72%) diff --git a/translated/news/Google Chrome's PDF Rendering Engine Released as Open Source.md b/published/Google Chrome's PDF Rendering Engine Released as Open Source.md similarity index 72% rename from translated/news/Google Chrome's PDF Rendering Engine Released as Open Source.md rename to published/Google Chrome's PDF Rendering Engine Released as Open Source.md index e7e591d337..09dbd48225 100644 --- a/translated/news/Google Chrome's PDF Rendering Engine Released as Open Source.md +++ b/published/Google Chrome's PDF Rendering Engine Released as Open Source.md @@ -1,14 +1,14 @@ -谷歌浏览器使用的 PDF 渲染引擎以开源形式发布 +谷歌浏览器使用的 PDF 渲染引擎已开源 ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Google-Chrome-s-PDF-Rendering-Engine-Released-as-Open-Source-443461-2.jpg) -**大型公司，例如谷歌，并不会真的喜欢上开源项目，虽然他们的谷歌浏览器基于开源的 Chromium 浏览器。现在，在谷歌浏览器中所使用的 PDF 渲染引擎以开源形式发布了。** +**像谷歌这样的大公司并不是真的喜欢开源项目，虽然他们的谷歌浏览器基于开源的 Chromium 浏览器。现在，在谷歌浏览器中所使用的 PDF 渲染引擎以开源形式发布了。** 在谷歌浏览器中所使用的 PDF 渲染引擎是 [PDFium][1] ，迄今为止这个项目都没有向公众发布过。现在还不清楚是什么改变了他们的想法，不过现在用户们可以去下载 PDFium 的源代码了。 虽然 PDFium 现在是开源的，但是它是在一个有特定条件的新 BSD 协议下发布的。例如再次使用源代码必须保留其原有的版权声明、一份条件列表以及一份免责声明。对于二进制文件的再发布需要相同的条件。与此同时，无论是版权持有者还是它的贡献者都不能署名或推广该软件的衍生产品。 -就像大多数的开源项目一样，它可以在 Github 上获得，你可以很容易地使用如下命令乃克隆该项目： +就像大多数的开源项目一样，它可以通过 Git 取得，你可以很容易地使用如下命令乃克隆该项目： git clone https://pdfium.googlesource.com/name @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Google-Chrome-s-PDF-Rendering-Engine-Released-as-Open-Source-443461.shtml -译者：[wwhio](https://github.com/wwhio) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[wwhio](https://github.com/wwhio) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 8f322fbecbcc602de131edbff3213bc4ad7dcd5a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sat, 24 May 2014 21:05:16 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 239/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AWebmin=201.6?= =?UTF-8?q?90=20Arrives=20with=20Ubuntu=2014.04=20LTS=20Optimization?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md | 23 +++++++++++++++++ ...ives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md | 25 ------------------- 2 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md delete mode 100644 translated/news/Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md diff --git a/published/Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md b/published/Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1c1d63e81a --- /dev/null +++ b/published/Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +Webmin 1.690 更新，针对 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS优化 +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Webmin-1-690-Arrives-with-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-Optimization-443451-2.jpg) + +**Webmin是一个基于web接口面向Unix系统管理员的工具，最新版本1.690 已可下载** + +在任何新式浏览器下运行webmin，用户都可以设置各种配置，如用户账号、apache服务器、DNS、文件共享以及更多。Webmin的开发者已经对这个软件做了一些例行更新。最新的版本不是一个大版本，但是仍有一些有用的修复。 + +据开发者所言，加入了一些对于XSS攻击的安全修复、增加了用于阻止多次登录系统失败的IP地址的Fail2Ban模块，Squid模块中的url_rewrite_children指令已经修复为了支持所有的进程数量选项，并且对于Ubuntu 14.04的支持已经改善。 + +还有一些安全问题，如会被未信任的Webmin用户在PHP配置和Webalizer模块中利用的安全漏洞，java applet的文件管理模块的签名，UI库更新等。 + +完整的修改和改进列表可以在官方[声明][1]中找到。你现在可以在官网中下载Webmin 1.690。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Webmin-1-690-Arrives-with-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-Optimization-443451.shtml + +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.webmin.com/changes.html diff --git a/translated/news/Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md b/translated/news/Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md deleted file mode 100644 index 61dbf4f301..0000000000 --- a/translated/news/Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,25 +0,0 @@ -Webmin 1.690 带来了Ubuntu 14.04 LTS上的优化 -================================================================================ -![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Webmin-1-690-Arrives-with-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-Optimization-443451-2.jpg) - -**Webmin是一个基于web接口面向Unix系统管理员的工具, 现在的版本是1.690 并且可以下载了** - -在任何现代的浏览器下运行webmin,用户都可以设置用户账号,apache、apache服务器、DNS、文件共享和更多。Webmin的开发者已经对这个软件做了一些常规更新。最新的版本不是一个主版本，但是仍就有一些有趣的修复。 - - -据开发者所言，加入了一些对于XSS攻击的安全修复、Fail2Ban模块已经加入，它用于阻止多次登录系统失败的IP地址，Squid模块中的url_rewrite_children指令已经修复为了支持所有的进程数量选项,并且对于Ubuntu 14.04的支持已经改善。 - - -还有一些安全问题如可以被未信任的Webmin用户在PHP配置和Webalizer模块中利用，java applet的文件管理模块已经签名，UI库已经更新等。 - -完整的改变和改进列表可以在官方[申明][1]中找到。你现在可以在网站中下载Webmin 1.690。 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Webmin-1-690-Arrives-with-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-Optimization-443451.shtml - -译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.webmin.com/changes.html From c0d57407e7c83bf65574ca1cd435f261a53b7df3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sat, 24 May 2014 21:13:32 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 240/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9A22=20The=20L?= =?UTF-8?q?inux=20Kernel--Configuring=20the=20Kernel=20Part=2018?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...22 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 18.md | 8 ++++---- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) rename {translated => published}/The Linux Kernel/22 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 18.md (87%) diff --git a/translated/The Linux Kernel/22 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 18.md b/published/The Linux Kernel/22 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 18.md similarity index 87% rename from translated/The Linux Kernel/22 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 18.md rename to published/The Linux Kernel/22 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 18.md index e5007c5663..3e57cf4f98 100644 --- a/translated/The Linux Kernel/22 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 18.md +++ b/published/The Linux Kernel/22 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 18.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ================================================================================ ![](http://www.linux.org/attachments/slide-jpg.616/) -你好！准备好下一篇文章了么？在本篇中，我们将会讨论辅助屏幕。辅助显示是一些小的LCD屏幕；大多数小于或等于128x64。接着，我们会讨论用户空间IO驱动，一些虚拟驱动，Hyper-V，开发中驱动，IOMMU，和其他一些内核特性。 +你好！准备好阅读下一篇文章了么？在本篇中，我们将会讨论辅助显示。辅助显示是一些小的LCD屏幕；大多数小于或等于128x64。接着，我们会讨论用户空间IO驱动，一些虚拟驱动，Hyper-V，开发中驱动，IOMMU，和其他一些内核特性。 第一个配置辅助显示的驱动是"KS0108 LCD Controller"。KS0108 LCD Controller是由三星制造的图形控制器。 @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ ![](http://www.linux.org/attachments/kernel_18-png.617/) -下面，我们会配置开发中的驱动。这些驱动人在开发当中，可能会变化很快，或者还没到Linux内核的质量标准。这个分类中的驱动只有Android驱动(在内核3.9.4中)。是的，Andorid使用Linux内核，这使得Andorid编程一个Linux系统。然而，这仍然有争议。如果内核是用于Android，那么最好启用所有的驱动。 +下面，我们会配置处于开发阶段的驱动。这些驱动正在开发当中，可能会变化很快，或者还没到Linux内核的质量标准。这个分类中的驱动只有Android驱动(在内核3.9.4中)。是的，Andorid使用Linux内核，这使得Andorid变成了一个Linux系统。然而，这仍然有争议。如果内核是用于Android，那么最好启用所有的驱动。 "Android Binder IPC Driver"提供了对于Binder的支持，它允许Andorid系统进程间相互通信。 @@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ "Android alarm driver"使内核在设定的间隔后唤醒。 -在配置晚开发中的驱动后，下面的驱动用于X86平台。这些驱动是 X86 (32-bit)的供应商/设备特定硬件。 +在配置完开发阶段的驱动后，下面的驱动用于X86平台。这些驱动是 X86 (32-bit)的供应商/设备特定硬件。 下一个驱动是"Mailbox Hardware Support"。这个框架控制邮箱队列和硬件邮箱系统的中断信号。 @@ -106,6 +106,6 @@ Linux内核提供了大量不同的加速器、放大器模数转换器、惯性 via: http://www.linux.org/threads/the-linux-kernel-configuring-the-kernel-part-18.4896/ -译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file From 2eb2a284ded76f7bb4380e73e1a5f7e1b70e7e84 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Sat, 24 May 2014 21:15:06 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 241/601] [Translated]How to take a screenshot f...on Linux MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 翻译完毕。 --- ...reenshot from the command line on Linux.md | 83 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 83 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md diff --git a/translated/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md b/translated/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cee04f1241 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +如何从Linux命令行截屏 +================================================================================ +Linux上有着许多不同口味的截屏工具，包括桌面环境专用的截屏程序（如： KSnapshot for KDE，gnome-screenshot for GNOM，Screenshooter for Xfce），或者是通用的截屏程序（如 Shutter）。而Scort（"SCReen shOT"的缩写）是最独一无二的截屏工具之一，它是一个**命令行截屏工具*。虽然它的界面十分简约，但Scrotas在功能上和其它专用的基于GUI的屏幕捕获工具一样强大。举个例子，Scrot支持延时截屏，截屏调整品质/大小，命令行流水线处理等功能。如果你是那些命令行迷中的一个，Scrot应该是你加入兵器库中的又一实用工具。在这个教程中，我将会描述**如何在命令行中用Scrot截屏**。 + +### 在Linux中安装Scrot ### + +在 Debian，Ubuntu 或 Linux Mint 上安装Scrot： + + $ sudo apt-get install scrot + +在 Fedora 上安装Scrot： + + $ sudo yum install scrot + +要在CentOS上安装Scrot，你可以按照下列步骤从源码编译： + +首先[在CentOS上启用Repoforge][1]，然后使用下列命令： + + $ sudo yum install giblib-devel + $ wget http://linuxbrit.co.uk/downloads/scrot-0.8.tar.gz + $ tar xvfvz scrot-0.8.tar.gz + $ cd scrot-0.8 + $ ./configure + $ make + $ sudo make install + +### 用Scrot截屏 ### + +在这个教程的剩余部分，我会描述如何通过几种不同方法用Scrot截屏。 + +#### 1. 截下整个桌面 #### + +截取整个桌面十分简单。只需运行Scrot命令，不需要任何参数，然后它会保存一张整个桌面的截屏，以(日期标记).png的文件形式保存在当前文件目录下。 + + $ scrot + +你也可以指定保存目标文件夹和截图文件名。 + + $ scrot ~/Pictures/my_desktop.png + +#### 2. 截取特定窗口或矩形区域 #### + +Scrot允许你在桌面选择一个特定的窗口或定义一个矩形区域来截图。使用下列命令来实现： + + $ scrot -s + +运行这个命令后，继续用你的鼠标单击任意窗口或画出一个矩形，它能够触发对选定窗口/区域的屏幕截取。 + +有时候你选定的区域或窗口可能会被桌面的其它窗口部分遮挡。在这种情况下，你在截屏前需要一点时间来清理那个部分。那正是延迟截屏能够帮到你的，就像下面所描述的那样。 + +#### 3. 延迟截屏 #### + +延迟截取在各种情况下都很实用。就在截图前，你可能想要移动一下窗口，激活一下菜单，或是触发特定时间（如通知）等等。 使用“-d N”参数，我们可以将截屏进程延迟N秒。 + + $ scrot -s -d 5 + +#### 4. 调整截屏质量 #### + +你可以在1到100的范围内调整截取的图像质量（数字越大质量越高）。默认质量设置为75。 + + $ scrot -q 50 + +#### 5. 调整截屏尺寸 #### + +你可以在1到100的范围内调整截取的图像尺寸（数字越大尺寸越大）。减小截屏的尺寸到原图的10％： + + $ scrot -t 10 + +#### 6. 将截取的截屏传递给其它命令 #### + +Scrot允许你发送保存的截屏图像给任意一个命令作为它们的输入。这个选项在你想对截屏图像做任意后期处理的时候十分实用。截屏的文件名/路径跟随于“$f”字符串之后。 + + $ scrot -e 'mv $f ~/screenshots' + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/take-screenshot-command-line-linux.html + +译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/01/how-to-set-up-rpmforge-repoforge-repository-on-centos.html From f91ad8ff192e3e4baeb4fc9f968c7b136c6aedec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Sat, 24 May 2014 21:15:36 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 242/601] Update How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md --- .../How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md b/translated/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md index cee04f1241..f6f7fee5bb 100644 --- a/translated/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md +++ b/translated/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ 如何从Linux命令行截屏 ================================================================================ -Linux上有着许多不同口味的截屏工具，包括桌面环境专用的截屏程序（如： KSnapshot for KDE，gnome-screenshot for GNOM，Screenshooter for Xfce），或者是通用的截屏程序（如 Shutter）。而Scort（"SCReen shOT"的缩写）是最独一无二的截屏工具之一，它是一个**命令行截屏工具*。虽然它的界面十分简约，但Scrotas在功能上和其它专用的基于GUI的屏幕捕获工具一样强大。举个例子，Scrot支持延时截屏，截屏调整品质/大小，命令行流水线处理等功能。如果你是那些命令行迷中的一个，Scrot应该是你加入兵器库中的又一实用工具。在这个教程中，我将会描述**如何在命令行中用Scrot截屏**。 +Linux上有着许多不同口味儿的截屏工具，包括桌面环境专用的截屏程序（如： KSnapshot for KDE，gnome-screenshot for GNOM，Screenshooter for Xfce），或者是通用的截屏程序（如 Shutter）。而Scort（"SCReen shOT"的缩写）是最独一无二的截屏工具之一，它是一个**命令行截屏工具*。虽然它的界面十分简约，但Scrotas在功能上和其它专用的基于GUI的屏幕捕获工具一样强大。举个例子，Scrot支持延时截屏，截屏调整品质/大小，命令行流水线处理等功能。如果你是那些命令行迷中的一个，Scrot应该是你加入兵器库中的又一实用工具。在这个教程中，我将会描述**如何在命令行中用Scrot截屏**。 ### 在Linux中安装Scrot ### From 3093222b215489b1074145c1bb624d4dbe9e4932 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Sat, 24 May 2014 21:16:24 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 243/601] Update How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md --- .../How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md b/translated/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md index f6f7fee5bb..ff03ed18ee 100644 --- a/translated/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md +++ b/translated/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ 如何从Linux命令行截屏 ================================================================================ -Linux上有着许多不同口味儿的截屏工具，包括桌面环境专用的截屏程序（如： KSnapshot for KDE，gnome-screenshot for GNOM，Screenshooter for Xfce），或者是通用的截屏程序（如 Shutter）。而Scort（"SCReen shOT"的缩写）是最独一无二的截屏工具之一，它是一个**命令行截屏工具*。虽然它的界面十分简约，但Scrotas在功能上和其它专用的基于GUI的屏幕捕获工具一样强大。举个例子，Scrot支持延时截屏，截屏调整品质/大小，命令行流水线处理等功能。如果你是那些命令行迷中的一个，Scrot应该是你加入兵器库中的又一实用工具。在这个教程中，我将会描述**如何在命令行中用Scrot截屏**。 +Linux上有着许多不同口味儿的截屏工具，包括桌面环境专用的截屏程序（如： KSnapshot for KDE，gnome-screenshot for GNOM，Screenshooter for Xfce），或者是通用的截屏程序（如 Shutter）。而Scort（"SCReen shOT"的缩写）是最独一无二的截屏工具之一，它是一个**命令行截屏工具**。虽然它的界面十分简约，但Scrotas在功能上和其它专用的基于GUI的屏幕捕获工具一样强大。举个例子，Scrot支持延时截屏，截屏调整品质/大小，命令行流水线处理等功能。如果你是那些命令行迷中的一个，Scrot应该是你加入兵器库中的又一实用工具。在这个教程中，我将会描述**如何在命令行中用Scrot截屏**。 ### 在Linux中安装Scrot ### From d8e7304da4dce1220edcfcc3398fe4147bd2a6d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Sat, 24 May 2014 21:17:08 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 244/601] Update How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md --- .../How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md b/translated/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md index ff03ed18ee..c422f5e414 100644 --- a/translated/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md +++ b/translated/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ 如何从Linux命令行截屏 ================================================================================ -Linux上有着许多不同口味儿的截屏工具，包括桌面环境专用的截屏程序（如： KSnapshot for KDE，gnome-screenshot for GNOM，Screenshooter for Xfce），或者是通用的截屏程序（如 Shutter）。而Scort（"SCReen shOT"的缩写）是最独一无二的截屏工具之一，它是一个**命令行截屏工具**。虽然它的界面十分简约，但Scrotas在功能上和其它专用的基于GUI的屏幕捕获工具一样强大。举个例子，Scrot支持延时截屏，截屏调整品质/大小，命令行流水线处理等功能。如果你是那些命令行迷中的一个，Scrot应该是你加入兵器库中的又一实用工具。在这个教程中，我将会描述**如何在命令行中用Scrot截屏**。 +Linux上有着许多不同口味儿的截屏工具，包括桌面环境专用的截屏程序（如： KSnapshot for KDE，gnome-screenshot for GNOM，Screenshooter for Xfce），或者是通用的截屏程序（如 Shutter）。而Scort（"SCReen shOT"的缩写）是最独一无二的截屏工具之一，它是一个**命令行截屏工具**。虽然它的界面十分简约，但Scrotas在功能上和其它专用的基于GUI的屏幕捕获工具一样强大。举个例子，Scrot支持延时截屏，截屏调整品质/大小，命令行传递等功能。如果你是那些命令行迷中的一个，Scrot应该是你加入兵器库中的又一实用工具。在这个教程中，我将会描述**如何在命令行中用Scrot截屏**。 ### 在Linux中安装Scrot ### From 718600bdd9c910b418d5c4cd79bddb762fe6eb3f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Sat, 24 May 2014 21:19:05 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 245/601] =?UTF-8?q?[=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90?= =?UTF-8?q?=E5=88=A0=E9=99=A4]?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...reenshot from the command line on Linux.md | 83 ------------------- 1 file changed, 83 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md diff --git a/sources/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md b/sources/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1f2fd8b817..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,83 +0,0 @@ -How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux -================================================================================ -There are various flavors of Linux screenshot utilities, including desktop-specific screenshot programs (e.g., KSnapshot for KDE, gnome-screenshot for GNOME, Screenshooter for Xfce), or general screenshot utilities (e.g., Shutter). One of unique screenshot utilities is Scrot (short for "SCReen shOT"), which is a **command-line screenshot utility**. While its interface is minimalistic, Scrot is, feature-wise, as powerful as other dedicated GUI-based screen capture tools. For example, Scrot supports delayed screenshot, adjustable quality/size, command line pipelining, etc. If you are one of those command line junkies, Scrot is a useful tool to add to your arsenal. In this tutorial, I will describe **how to take a screenshot from the command line with Scrot**. - -### Install Scrot on Linux ### - -To install Scrot on Debian, Ubuntu or Linux Mint: - - $ sudo apt-get install scrot - -To install Scrot on Fedora: - - $ sudo yum install scrot - -To install Scrot on CentOS, you can build it from its source as follows. - -First [enable Repoforge on CentOS][1], and use the following commands. - - $ sudo yum install giblib-devel - $ wget http://linuxbrit.co.uk/downloads/scrot-0.8.tar.gz - $ tar xvfvz scrot-0.8.tar.gz - $ cd scrot-0.8 - $ ./configure - $ make - $ sudo make install - -### Take Screenshots with Scrot ### - -In the rest of the tutorial, I will describe how to use Scrot to take screenshots in various ways. - -#### 1. Take a screenshot of the entire desktop #### - -Screen-capturing the entire desktop is easy. Simply run Scrot command without any argument, and it will save a screenshot of the entire desktop as a (date-stamped) .png file in the current directory. - - $ scrot - -You can also specify a destination folder and image file name. - - $ scrot ~/Pictures/my_desktop.png - -#### 2. Take a screenshot of a particular window or a rectangular region #### - -Scrot allows you to choose a specific window or define a rectangular region in your desktop to take a screenshot of. For that, use the following command. - - $ scrot -s - -After running this command, go ahead and click on any window or draw a rectangle with your mouse, which will trigger screen capture of the selected window/region. - -Sometimes the chosen region or window may be partially blocked by other windows of the desktop. In that case, you need some time to clear the area before taking a shot. That is when "delayed" screenshot can help you, as described next. - -#### 3. Take a delayed screenshot #### - -Delayed capture can be useful under various circumstances. Right before taking a shot, you may want to move windows around, activate a menu, or trigger a certain event (e.g., notification), etc. With "-d N" option, we can delay a screenshot process by N seconds. - - $ scrot -s -d 5 - -#### 4. Adjust quality of a screenshot #### - -You can adjust the image quality of a screenshot in the range of 1 to 100 (the higher the better quality). Default quality is 75. - - $ scrot -q 50 - -#### 5. Adjust the size of a screenshot #### - -You can adjust the size of a screenshot in the range of 1 to 100 (the higher the bigger). To reduce screenshot size to 10% of the original: - - $ scrot -t 10 - -#### 6. Pipeline a captured screenshot to another command #### - -Scrot allows you to send a saved screenshot image to any arbitrary command as an input. This option can be useful when you want to do any post-processing on a screenshot image. The filename/path of a screenshot is stored as "$f" string. - - $ scrot -e 'mv $f ~/screenshots' - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/take-screenshot-command-line-linux.html - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/01/how-to-set-up-rpmforge-repoforge-repository-on-centos.html From ef6cc6fbf5df3c8b773270c1696b4f4ec69504f1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sat, 24 May 2014 21:22:08 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 246/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AHow=20to=20c?= =?UTF-8?q?ustomize=20your=20Ubuntu=20desktop=20in=206=20steps?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @JonathanKang 翻译的不错！几无修改~~ --- ...ow to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md | 12 ++++++------ 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md (87%) diff --git a/translated/tech/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md b/published/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md similarity index 87% rename from translated/tech/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md rename to published/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md index 2466744f9b..0748a7d0bb 100644 --- a/translated/tech/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md +++ b/published/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md @@ -24,17 +24,17 @@ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:numix/ppa sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install numix-gtk-theme -为了使该主题生效，我们需要打开Unity Tweak Tool，选择“外观标题”下的“主题”选项，然后在“已有主题”一栏中选择该主题。只要相应的软件仓库名字一直，对于其他主题，你就可以重复该过程来应用。你可以登陆[Gnome-Look.org][3]获得更多的主题。另一个和Numix主题很相似的主题是Moka，你可以在[http://mokaproject.com/][4]获得更多关于Moka主题的信息。 +为了使该主题生效，我们需要打开Unity Tweak Tool，选择“外观标题”下的“主题”选项，然后在“已有主题”一栏中选择该主题。只要相应的软件仓库名字一致，对于其他主题，你可以重复该过程来应用。你可以访问[Gnome-Look.org][3]获得更多的主题。另一个和Numix主题很相似的主题是Moka，你可以在[http://mokaproject.com/][4]获得更多关于Moka主题的信息。 ### 3. 安装图标 ### -以上截图中使用的图标是来自Numix主题的Numix圆形图标。你可以通过在终端输入以下命令来安装该图标： +以上截图中使用的图标是来自Numix主题的Numix圆形图标。你可以通过在终端输入以下命令来安装该图标集： sudo apt-add-repository ppa:numix/ppa sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install numix-icon-theme-circle -为了使该图标生效，我们需要在Unity Tweak Tool中选择“图标”选项，然后选择该图标集。再一次声明，这个方法对于任何图标集是可行的。Moka也提供给你的桌面带来多彩的、一致性设计的图标集。 +为了使该图标集生效，我们需要在Unity Tweak Tool中选择“图标”选项，然后选择该图标集。再一次声明，这个方法对于任何图标集是可行的。Moka也提供给你的桌面带来多彩的、一致性设计的图标集。 ### 4. 安装conky系统监视软件 ### @@ -69,19 +69,19 @@ Conky是一个轻量级桌面系统监视软件。该软件本身是非常简单 如果对于你来说Unity Tweak Tool不够强大，那么你可以尝试[Compiz设置管理器][8]. -### 警告: ### +**警告:** 如果错误的设置被应用的话，Compiz设置管理器可能会损害到你的系统。所以使用时要格外小心。你可以看到Ubuntu系统中隐藏的各种设置。你可以在Ubuntu软件中心获取该软件或者终端输入以下命令来安装： sudo apt-get install compiz compizconfig-settings-manager compiz-fusion-plugins-extra compiz-fusion-plugins-main compiz-plugins -现在你的Ubuntu桌面变得具有超能力了！所有的这些步骤都有成千上万种选择，所以折腾是无极限的。还在等什么？还不赶紧去享受你的新Ubuntu桌面！ +现在你的Ubuntu桌面变得具有超棒了！所有的这些步骤都有成千上万种选择，所以折腾是无极限的。还在等什么？还不赶紧去享受你的新Ubuntu桌面！ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://www.muktware.com/2014/05/customize-ubuntu-desktop-6-steps/26750 -译者：[JonathanKang](https://github.com/JonathanKang) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[JonathanKang](https://github.com/JonathanKang) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From de19ce3e0b46df96151672647631326285174d7f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jiajia <1534574360@qq.com> Date: Sat, 24 May 2014 21:57:35 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 247/601] Update and rename sources/news/Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md to translated/news/Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md --- ...e 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md | 42 ------------------- ...e 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md | 41 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md create mode 100644 translated/news/Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md diff --git a/sources/news/Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md b/sources/news/Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md deleted file mode 100644 index d145c726e7..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -【小冰来了】 -Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4 -================================================================================ -![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Smallest-OS-for-Raspberry-Pi-piCore-5-3-Returns-with-Linux-Kernel-3-14-4-443246-2.jpg) - -**The Tiny Core team has announced that piCore 5.3, the Raspberry Pi port of Tiny Core Linux, has just received a new version and is now available for download.** - -The Tiny Core developers are actually responsible for a larger number of other distributions that are built with the same foundations. There are a number of variants available from the developer. There is the Core version (base system the provides only a command line interface for experienced users), TinyCore (recommended option for new users who have a wired network connection), and CorePlus (an installation image, not a Live one). - -Team Tiny Core is not at the first release of this Linux distribution, but some improvements were necessary, although the changes are not all that big, with the exception of a new Linux kernel. - -According to the changelog, the Linux kernel has been updated to version 3.14.4, the Raspberry Pi firmware has been updated to its latest version (May release), e2fsprogs has been updated to version 1.42.10, HDMI sound is now working at 192 kbit/s rate, CMA and FIQ-FSM are now enabled by default, and sudo is now used when unmounting meta-extensions. - -It's possible to update previous versions on Raspberry Pi without removing the SD card, and the devs have posted some instructions on how to do this. - -“Download piCore-5.3rc4-boot.tar.gz extract to a temporary folder and overwrite content of /mnt/mmcblk0p1 after mounting it. It will overwrite custom boot options. If you have customized cmdline.txt on config.txt in the old system, do it again.” - -“Do not reboot if using wireless remote connection, otherwise you will lose connection due to incompatible kernel modules! Next download kernel module tcz's from the repo matching new kernel version and reboot. You must have a new, updated system working. Please note, there may be kernel module extensions which are not yet available in the repo,” read the notes posted on the official forums. - -A complete list of updates and changes can be found in the official announcement. You can download piCore 5.3 right now from Softpedia. - -Raspberry Pi relies on an ARM processor with a clock speed of 700 MHz, 512 MB of RAM, an SD card slot, and a 5V Micro USB connector that supplies the power. It also features RCA and HDMI ports. - -The Raspberry Pi port of Tiny Core Linux is an independent system architected by Robert Shingledecker and now developed by a small team with strong community support. - -If you are not familiar with the Tiny Core family of Linux distributions, you need to know that this is a modular-based system with community-built extensions. It usually implements the latest Linux kernel vmlinuz 3.0 and a 5MB core.gz. - -### Tiny Core Linux piCore 5.3: Free Download ### - -- [Tiny Core Linux piCore 5.3 (zip) Multiple editions][3][binary] [14 MB] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Smallest-OS-for-Raspberry-Pi-piCore-5-3-Returns-with-Linux-Kernel-3-14-4-443246.shtml - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://forum.tinycorelinux.net/index.php/topic,17061.0.html -[2]:http://linux.softpedia.com/get/Linux-Distributions/Tiny-Core-Linux-piCore-103260.shtml -[3]:http://tinycorelinux.net/5.x/armv6/releases/5.3/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/news/Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md b/translated/news/Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b1f43156ed --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +最小的操作系统picore Raspberry Pi，5.3，内嵌Linux内核3.14.4 +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Smallest-OS-for-Raspberry-Pi-piCore-5-3-Returns-with-Linux-Kernel-3-14-4-443246-2.jpg) +**微小的核心团队已经宣布，picore 5.3，Tiny Core Linux Raspberry Pi的接口，刚刚收到一个新的版本，现在可供下载。* * +Tiny Core的核心开发者实际上是负责其他大量建立了具有相同基础的版本。这里有许多适合开发者的变体。有核心版（库系统只提供一个为有经验的用户的命令行界面），tinycore（关于有线网络连接的新手推荐选项），和CorePlus（安装映像，非激活的）。 + +Tiny Core团队并不是第一次发布这样的Linux版本，但有些改进是必要的，除了引用新的Linux内核之外，并非所有都是大的改变。 + +根据更新的内核，Linux已经更新到版本3.14.4，Raspberry Pi的固件更新了它的最新版本（释放），e2fsprogs已经更新到版本1.42.10， HDMI sound 现在是在192 kbit / s的工作速率，CMA和fiq-fsm现在默认启用，现在，sudo使用时，取消连接meta-extensions.。 + +这次更新了Raspberry Pi以前的版本没有移除SD卡的可能，而且开发者已经发布了一些如何去操作的说明。 + +“下载picore-5.3rc4-boot.tar.gz解压到一个临时文件夹，覆盖/mnt/mmcblk0p1的内容后，安装它。它将自定义启动选项。如果你仍然想在老系统中的config.txt定制cmdline.txt，请再做一次。” + +“如果使用无线远程连接是不需要重启的，否则你将失去由于不兼容的内核模块的连接！下一个下载内核模块TCZ从repo匹配新内核版本并重新启动。你必须保证有一个已经更新的系统在工作。请注意，这有可能是尚未在repo里的内核模块的扩展，“相关阅读笔记发布在官方论坛。 + +在官网声明中可以发现一个已经更新改变的完整列表。你现在可以从Softpedia下载picore 5.3。 + +Raspberry Pi依赖与一个700 MHz的时速的ARM处理器，512 MB的RAM，SD卡插槽，和5V微USB连接器，电源。它还具有RCA和HDMI端口。 + +Tiny Core Linux Raspberry Pi的端口是一个独立的系统架构，这是通过罗伯特Shingledecker与社会团体强力支持小团队而发展起来的。 + +如果你不熟悉的Tiny Core家族的Linux分布，你需要知道，这是在开源社区扩展的一个模块化的系统，它通常使用最新Linux内核vmlinuz 3.0和一个5MB core.gz的文件。 + + +### Tiny Core Linux piCore 5.3: 免费下载 ### + +- [Tiny Core Linux piCore 5.3 (zip) 多版本][3][二进制] [14 MB] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + +引用: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Smallest-OS-for-Raspberry-Pi-piCore-5-3-Returns-with-Linux-Kernel-3-14-4-443246.shtml + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://forum.tinycorelinux.net/index.php/topic,17061.0.html +[2]:http://linux.softpedia.com/get/Linux-Distributions/Tiny-Core-Linux-piCore-103260.shtml +[3]:http://tinycorelinux.net/5.x/armv6/releases/5.3/ From 0e55114aaa31975addb27efb457e21e0a0cdc354 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jiajia <1534574360@qq.com> Date: Sat, 24 May 2014 22:00:14 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 248/601] Update and rename sources/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md to translated/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md --- ...orn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md | 42 ------------------- ...orn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md | 31 ++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md create mode 100644 translated/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md diff --git a/sources/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md b/sources/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md deleted file mode 100644 index 17303c60d5..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -【小冰来了+1】 -Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5 -================================================================================ -![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-14-10-Utopic-Unicorn-Now-Based-on-Linux-Kernel-3-15-RC5-443260-2.jpg) - -**The development of Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) started a few weeks ago and now the developers have made the first major change to it by adding a new Linux kernel.** - -Usually, the development of a new version of Ubuntu begins by basing it on the latest release, in this case Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. The team starts adding new packages to the distribution, usually stuff that didn't have a chance to make it into the previous one. One of the key components for a Linux distribution is the Linux kernel, and this package has been updated as well. - -Ubuntu 14.04 LTS shipped with Linux kernel 3.13 and the developers didn't get a chance to add the 3.14 branch into the mix. It shipped too late and there wasn't enough time to test it. Until now, the Ubuntu team didn't say what kernel they were targeting for the final release, but they have implemented the 3.15 build, even if it's still under development. - -“We have uploaded our first v3.15 based kernel, 3.15.0-1.5, to the Utopic archive. It is currently based on the v3.15-rc5 upstream kernel,” [said Joseph Salisbury][1] in the regular Ubuntu Kernel Team meeting. - -It's very likely that at least another version of Linux kernel, 3.16, will have already been released by the time Ubuntu 14.10 hits the kernel freeze (past this point the kernel can no longer be updated), so this might be the one that will get implemented by October. - -If nothing out of the ordinary happens with the kernel development, each cycle usually features eight to ten Release Candidates, but this number can vary. Linus Torvalds usually releases a new RC every week, but it's not set in stone. For example, it's been almost two weeks since the last RC in the 3.15 series. - -Canonical has to consider that Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS and Ubuntu 14.04.1 will also be released in the coming months and the kernel freeze for this version is only 5 weeks away. - -Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) promises to be a very interesting version and there is already talk about a new flavor, featuring Unity 8 and Mir, that could be launched in parallel with the regular one. - -If you really want to see what is happening on the Ubuntu 14.10 front you can always [download the daily image][2] and give it a spin. For now it's almost identical with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, but that will soon change. - -### download ### - -- [Ubuntu 14.10 Daily Build (ISO) 64-bit][3][iso] [965 MB] -- [Ubuntu 14.10 Daily Build (ISO) 32-bit][4][iso] [971 MB] -- [Ubuntu 14.10 Daily Build (ISO) 64-bit Mac][5][iso] [963 MB] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-14-10-Utopic-Unicorn-Now-Based-on-Linux-Kernel-3-15-RC5-443260.shtml - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-devel/2014-May/038305.html -[2]:http://linux.softpedia.com/get/Linux-Distributions/Ubuntu-Utopic-Unicorn-103418.shtml -[3]:http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/daily-live/current/utopic-desktop-amd64.iso -[4]:http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/daily-live/current/utopic-desktop-i386.iso -[5]:http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/daily-live/current/utopic-desktop-amd64+mac.iso \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md b/translated/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a8b59b9f48 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +Ubutun14.10(代号“独角兽”)现基于3.15 RC5版本的linux内核 +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-14-10-Utopic-Unicorn-Now-Based-on-Linux-Kernel-3-15-RC5-443260-2.jpg ) +　　**Ubuntu 14.10代号（“独角兽”）的开发已于数周前开始，现在开发者们已经做出了第一个重大的改变即使用新的Linux内核版本。** +　　以Ubuntu 14.04 LTS为例，通常情况下，下一版本Ubuntu的开发是基于最新发布的内核版本。开发小组向Linux内核当中加入软件包，放的太多导致没有机会放到之前的版本，但是现在Linux发行版其中最重要的组件之一linux内核现在也被更新了。 +　　Ubuntu 14.04 LTS附带的是3.13的linux内核，开发者们并没有机会将3.14版本的加入其中，它放出的时间太晚以致没有足够的时间去做测试。到现在为止，Ubuntu开发小组也没有说明最终发布版本会使用哪个内核版本，但是他们实现了在3.15内核版本下的编译，即使它仍旧在开发当中。 +　　在一个Ubuntu内核小组的会议当中[Joesph Salisbury宣布][1]：“我们往乌托邦的归档中上传了第一个基于3.15版本的内核，3.10.0-1.5，它现在是基于3.15-rc5的最新linux内核版本” +　　除非3.16的内核版本在Ubuntu 14.10的内核截止日（错过这个日期点，新的内核不会被提交）之前现身，否则到10月之前，能够实现的很有可能就是这个版本了。 +　　通常情况下，每个内核的开发循环在8到10个候选版本之间，但是这个数目难以保证。Linus Torvalds平均每周会发布一个RC候选版本，但也不是固定的。比如，发布3.15系列的候选之后将近两周没有新的版本发布了。 +　　基于Ubuntu 12.04 LTS版本的规范考虑，Ubuntu 14.04.1将会在接下来的几个月当中发布，内核截止的日期只有5周左右了。 +　　Ubuntu 14.10（代号“独角兽”）承诺会成为一个很有趣的版本，而且已经谈到了一个新的特色，Unity 8和Mir两种版本都会作为常规版本中的一员。 +　　如果你真的想知道将来的Ubuntu 14.10 版本发生了哪些改变，你可以[下载每日更新的版本][2]试试看。现在来看它和Ubuntu 14.04 LTS版本很类似，但是很快它将变的不同！ +### download ### + +- [Ubuntu 14.10 Daily Build (ISO) 64-bit][3][iso] [965 MB] +- [Ubuntu 14.10 Daily Build (ISO) 32-bit][4][iso] [971 MB] +- [Ubuntu 14.10 Daily Build (ISO) 64-bit Mac][5][iso] [963 MB] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Via:http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-14-10-Utopic-Unicorn-Now-Based-on-Linux-Kernel-3-15-RC5-443260.shtml + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/ 译者ID ) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/ 校对者ID ) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject ) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/ ) 荣誉推出。 +　　 +[1]: https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-devel/2014-May/038305.html +[2]:http://linux.softpedia.com/get/Linux-Distributions/Ubuntu-Utopic-Unicorn-103418.shtml +[3]:http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/daily-live/current/utopic-desktop-amd64.iso +[4]: http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/daily-live/current/utopic-desktop-i386.iso +[5]: http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/daily-live/current/utopic-desktop-amd64+mac.iso From bf38a9c606ef911179cd4d2ac9b5733b3c11d25b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jiajia <1534574360@qq.com> Date: Sat, 24 May 2014 22:01:30 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 249/601] Update Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md --- ...corn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md | 18 +++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md b/translated/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md index a8b59b9f48..3546c2c36c 100644 --- a/translated/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md +++ b/translated/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ Ubutun14.10(代号“独角兽”)现基于3.15 RC5版本的linux内核 ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-14-10-Utopic-Unicorn-Now-Based-on-Linux-Kernel-3-15-RC5-443260-2.jpg ) -　　**Ubuntu 14.10代号（“独角兽”）的开发已于数周前开始，现在开发者们已经做出了第一个重大的改变即使用新的Linux内核版本。** -　　以Ubuntu 14.04 LTS为例，通常情况下，下一版本Ubuntu的开发是基于最新发布的内核版本。开发小组向Linux内核当中加入软件包，放的太多导致没有机会放到之前的版本，但是现在Linux发行版其中最重要的组件之一linux内核现在也被更新了。 -　　Ubuntu 14.04 LTS附带的是3.13的linux内核，开发者们并没有机会将3.14版本的加入其中，它放出的时间太晚以致没有足够的时间去做测试。到现在为止，Ubuntu开发小组也没有说明最终发布版本会使用哪个内核版本，但是他们实现了在3.15内核版本下的编译，即使它仍旧在开发当中。 -　　在一个Ubuntu内核小组的会议当中[Joesph Salisbury宣布][1]：“我们往乌托邦的归档中上传了第一个基于3.15版本的内核，3.10.0-1.5，它现在是基于3.15-rc5的最新linux内核版本” -　　除非3.16的内核版本在Ubuntu 14.10的内核截止日（错过这个日期点，新的内核不会被提交）之前现身，否则到10月之前，能够实现的很有可能就是这个版本了。 -　　通常情况下，每个内核的开发循环在8到10个候选版本之间，但是这个数目难以保证。Linus Torvalds平均每周会发布一个RC候选版本，但也不是固定的。比如，发布3.15系列的候选之后将近两周没有新的版本发布了。 -　　基于Ubuntu 12.04 LTS版本的规范考虑，Ubuntu 14.04.1将会在接下来的几个月当中发布，内核截止的日期只有5周左右了。 -　　Ubuntu 14.10（代号“独角兽”）承诺会成为一个很有趣的版本，而且已经谈到了一个新的特色，Unity 8和Mir两种版本都会作为常规版本中的一员。 -　　如果你真的想知道将来的Ubuntu 14.10 版本发生了哪些改变，你可以[下载每日更新的版本][2]试试看。现在来看它和Ubuntu 14.04 LTS版本很类似，但是很快它将变的不同！ +**Ubuntu 14.10代号（“独角兽”）的开发已于数周前开始，现在开发者们已经做出了第一个重大的改变即使用新的Linux内核版本。** +以Ubuntu 14.04 LTS为例，通常情况下，下一版本Ubuntu的开发是基于最新发布的内核版本。开发小组向Linux内核当中加入软件包，放的太多导致没有机会放到之前的版本，但是现在Linux发行版其中最重要的组件之一linux内核现在也被更新了。 +Ubuntu 14.04 LTS附带的是3.13的linux内核，开发者们并没有机会将3.14版本的加入其中，它放出的时间太晚以致没有足够的时间去做测试。到现在为止，Ubuntu开发小组也没有说明最终发布版本会使用哪个内核版本，但是他们实现了在3.15内核版本下的编译，即使它仍旧在开发当中。 +在一个Ubuntu内核小组的会议当中[Joesph Salisbury宣布][1]：“我们往乌托邦的归档中上传了第一个基于3.15版本的内核，3.10.0-1.5，它现在是基于3.15-rc5的最新linux内核版本” +除非3.16的内核版本在Ubuntu 14.10的内核截止日（错过这个日期点，新的内核不会被提交）之前现身，否则到10月之前，能够实现的很有可能就是这个版本了。 +通常情况下，每个内核的开发循环在8到10个候选版本之间，但是这个数目难以保证。Linus Torvalds平均每周会发布一个RC候选版本，但也不是固定的。比如，发布3.15系列的候选之后将近两周没有新的版本发布了。 +基于Ubuntu 12.04 LTS版本的规范考虑，Ubuntu 14.04.1将会在接下来的几个月当中发布，内核截止的日期只有5周左右了。 +Ubuntu 14.10（代号“独角兽”）承诺会成为一个很有趣的版本，而且已经谈到了一个新的特色，Unity 8和Mir两种版本都会作为常规版本中的一员。 +如果你真的想知道将来的Ubuntu 14.10 版本发生了哪些改变，你可以[下载每日更新的版本][2]试试看。现在来看它和Ubuntu 14.04 LTS版本很类似，但是很快它将变的不同！ ### download ### - [Ubuntu 14.10 Daily Build (ISO) 64-bit][3][iso] [965 MB] From e13e3a9b3aac1aa504312685aeee81d273567ec4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jiajia <1534574360@qq.com> Date: Sat, 24 May 2014 22:02:30 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 250/601] Update Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md --- ...opic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md | 10 ++++++++++ 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+) diff --git a/translated/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md b/translated/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md index 3546c2c36c..2c03054a18 100644 --- a/translated/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md +++ b/translated/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md @@ -1,15 +1,25 @@ Ubutun14.10(代号“独角兽”)现基于3.15 RC5版本的linux内核 ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-14-10-Utopic-Unicorn-Now-Based-on-Linux-Kernel-3-15-RC5-443260-2.jpg ) + **Ubuntu 14.10代号（“独角兽”）的开发已于数周前开始，现在开发者们已经做出了第一个重大的改变即使用新的Linux内核版本。** + 以Ubuntu 14.04 LTS为例，通常情况下，下一版本Ubuntu的开发是基于最新发布的内核版本。开发小组向Linux内核当中加入软件包，放的太多导致没有机会放到之前的版本，但是现在Linux发行版其中最重要的组件之一linux内核现在也被更新了。 + Ubuntu 14.04 LTS附带的是3.13的linux内核，开发者们并没有机会将3.14版本的加入其中，它放出的时间太晚以致没有足够的时间去做测试。到现在为止，Ubuntu开发小组也没有说明最终发布版本会使用哪个内核版本，但是他们实现了在3.15内核版本下的编译，即使它仍旧在开发当中。 + 在一个Ubuntu内核小组的会议当中[Joesph Salisbury宣布][1]：“我们往乌托邦的归档中上传了第一个基于3.15版本的内核，3.10.0-1.5，它现在是基于3.15-rc5的最新linux内核版本” + 除非3.16的内核版本在Ubuntu 14.10的内核截止日（错过这个日期点，新的内核不会被提交）之前现身，否则到10月之前，能够实现的很有可能就是这个版本了。 + 通常情况下，每个内核的开发循环在8到10个候选版本之间，但是这个数目难以保证。Linus Torvalds平均每周会发布一个RC候选版本，但也不是固定的。比如，发布3.15系列的候选之后将近两周没有新的版本发布了。 + 基于Ubuntu 12.04 LTS版本的规范考虑，Ubuntu 14.04.1将会在接下来的几个月当中发布，内核截止的日期只有5周左右了。 + Ubuntu 14.10（代号“独角兽”）承诺会成为一个很有趣的版本，而且已经谈到了一个新的特色，Unity 8和Mir两种版本都会作为常规版本中的一员。 + 如果你真的想知道将来的Ubuntu 14.10 版本发生了哪些改变，你可以[下载每日更新的版本][2]试试看。现在来看它和Ubuntu 14.04 LTS版本很类似，但是很快它将变的不同！ + ### download ### - [Ubuntu 14.10 Daily Build (ISO) 64-bit][3][iso] [965 MB] From dffc434632b3e936d7ba6aee20b551ac2b18abba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sat, 24 May 2014 22:45:47 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 251/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AUbuntu=2014.?= =?UTF-8?q?10=20(Utopic=20Unicorn)=20Now=20Based=20on=20Linux=20Kernel=203?= =?UTF-8?q?.15=20RC5?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @jiajia9linuxer 翻译的不错！ --- ...orn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md | 20 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) rename {translated/news => published}/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md (57%) diff --git a/translated/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md b/published/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md similarity index 57% rename from translated/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md rename to published/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md index 2c03054a18..9536b6425b 100644 --- a/translated/news/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md +++ b/published/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md @@ -1,26 +1,26 @@ -Ubutun14.10(代号“独角兽”)现基于3.15 RC5版本的linux内核 +Ubutun14.10(代号“独角兽”)已基于3.15 RC5版本的linux内核 ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-14-10-Utopic-Unicorn-Now-Based-on-Linux-Kernel-3-15-RC5-443260-2.jpg ) -**Ubuntu 14.10代号（“独角兽”）的开发已于数周前开始，现在开发者们已经做出了第一个重大的改变即使用新的Linux内核版本。** +**Ubuntu 14.10（代号“独角兽”）的开发已于数周前开始，现在开发者们已经做出了第一个重大的改变即使用新的Linux内核版本。** -以Ubuntu 14.04 LTS为例，通常情况下，下一版本Ubuntu的开发是基于最新发布的内核版本。开发小组向Linux内核当中加入软件包，放的太多导致没有机会放到之前的版本，但是现在Linux发行版其中最重要的组件之一linux内核现在也被更新了。 +通常情况下，下一版本Ubuntu的开发是基于上一个发布的版本，如Ubuntu 14.04 LTS。开发小组开始向Linux内核当中加入新的软件包，通常是那些没来得及放到之前的版本的软件包。Linux发行版其中最重要的组件之一是linux内核，现在也更新了。 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS附带的是3.13的linux内核，开发者们并没有机会将3.14版本的加入其中，它放出的时间太晚以致没有足够的时间去做测试。到现在为止，Ubuntu开发小组也没有说明最终发布版本会使用哪个内核版本，但是他们实现了在3.15内核版本下的编译，即使它仍旧在开发当中。 -在一个Ubuntu内核小组的会议当中[Joesph Salisbury宣布][1]：“我们往乌托邦的归档中上传了第一个基于3.15版本的内核，3.10.0-1.5，它现在是基于3.15-rc5的最新linux内核版本” +在一个Ubuntu内核小组的会议当中[Joesph Salisbury宣布][1]：“我们往Utopic的归档中上传了第一个基于3.15版本的内核，3.10.0-1.5，它现在是基于3.15-rc5的最新linux内核版本。” 除非3.16的内核版本在Ubuntu 14.10的内核截止日（错过这个日期点，新的内核不会被提交）之前现身，否则到10月之前，能够实现的很有可能就是这个版本了。 -通常情况下，每个内核的开发循环在8到10个候选版本之间，但是这个数目难以保证。Linus Torvalds平均每周会发布一个RC候选版本，但也不是固定的。比如，发布3.15系列的候选之后将近两周没有新的版本发布了。 +如果没有什么意外发生，每个内核的开发迭代在8到10个候选版本之间，但是这个数目是不定的。Linus Torvalds平均每周会发布一个RC候选版本，但也不是固定不变的。比如，发布3.15系列的候选之后将近两周没有新的版本发布了。 -基于Ubuntu 12.04 LTS版本的规范考虑，Ubuntu 14.04.1将会在接下来的几个月当中发布，内核截止的日期只有5周左右了。 +参考Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS版本的惯例，Ubuntu 14.04.1将会在接下来的几个月当中发布，内核截止的日期只有5周左右了。 -Ubuntu 14.10（代号“独角兽”）承诺会成为一个很有趣的版本，而且已经谈到了一个新的特色，Unity 8和Mir两种版本都会作为常规版本中的一员。 +Ubuntu 14.10（代号“独角兽”）号称它会成为一个很有趣的版本，而且已经带来了一个新的特色：Unity 8和Mir两种版本都会作为常规版本中的一员。 如果你真的想知道将来的Ubuntu 14.10 版本发生了哪些改变，你可以[下载每日更新的版本][2]试试看。现在来看它和Ubuntu 14.04 LTS版本很类似，但是很快它将变的不同！ -### download ### +### 下载 ### - [Ubuntu 14.10 Daily Build (ISO) 64-bit][3][iso] [965 MB] - [Ubuntu 14.10 Daily Build (ISO) 32-bit][4][iso] [971 MB] @@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ Ubuntu 14.10（代号“独角兽”）承诺会成为一个很有趣的版本 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -Via:http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-14-10-Utopic-Unicorn-Now-Based-on-Linux-Kernel-3-15-RC5-443260.shtml +Via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-14-10-Utopic-Unicorn-Now-Based-on-Linux-Kernel-3-15-RC5-443260.shtml -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/ 译者ID ) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/ 校对者ID ) +译者：[jiajia9linuxer](https://github.com/jiajia9linuxer ) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy ) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject ) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/ ) 荣誉推出。 　　 From b43b81198c03e17136a58b725a83eaac45278fb7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Sat, 24 May 2014 10:08:57 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 252/601] [Translated]What Heartbleed Teaches Us--Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User --- ...pen Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md | 66 ------------------- ...pen Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md | 66 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 66 insertions(+), 66 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/talk/What Heartbleed Teaches Us--Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md create mode 100644 translated/talk/What Heartbleed Teaches Us--Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md diff --git a/sources/talk/What Heartbleed Teaches Us--Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md b/sources/talk/What Heartbleed Teaches Us--Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4ce1a0b473..0000000000 --- a/sources/talk/What Heartbleed Teaches Us--Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,66 +0,0 @@ -Translating-------------geekpi - - -What Heartbleed Teaches Us: Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User -================================================================================ -![](http://readwrite.com/files/styles/1400_0/public/fields/heart-shaped-hole-heartbleed.jpg) - -> If your company depends on open-source software like OpenSSL, it's time to be proactive. - -The open-source community has officially donned its Heartbleed hairshirt. - -ComputerWorld's Richi Jennings [slammed][1] "another horrible, horrible open source FAIL." (Trolling for page views much?) ZDNet's Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols, not prone to anti-open source histrionics, still [manages to call][2] Heartbleed "Open source's worst hour." Finally, ZDNet's Chris Duckett pragmatically [pleads][3] for "corporate funding to avoid Heartbleed repeat." - -While a nice start, corporate funding isn't ultimately the answer to Heartbleed. You are. - -Companies that want to avoid open source failings should move from being mere users of open-source software and contribute instead. - -### Contributors Ride First Class ### - -Contributors get to help steer particular projects. They get to act, rather than be acted upon. Most companies lack the resources to get involved in every open-source project that they use, but every company can invest in those projects that truly matter to them. And the more they invest, the greater their benefits. - -Open source is the gift that keeps on giving—particularly to those who give back. - -My MongoDB colleague [Adam Comerford makes this point][4] persuasively: If you look at the [timeline][5] of who knew about Heartbleed first, those who learned of it first (like Google) had a considerable advantage. As Comerford argues, these companies "had a significant advantage" as "[t]hey were able to take the necessary steps to protect their systems while the bug was largely unknown." - -Given the advantages of knowing early about problems like Heartbleed, Comerford asks, "How do I make sure that I am on the early notification list for such issues?" - -If you're dependent on proprietary software, you have one answer: Pay the vendor lots of money and hope it responds appropriately. But if you're using open-source software, the options expand: "Either have a significant number of employees contributing to [the open-source project], or...have employees that know the main contributors well (and let’s face it, most of them will be contributing to other OSS projects—geeks and nerds gossip just like everyone else)." - -The benefits don't stop there, as Comerford avers: - -> There are many benefits to this – besides getting early notification of issues, you would have an expert on hand to answer those screaming for updates, to evaluate your exposure and perhaps even fix the issue internally before the public fix is available. You also get a respected voice in terms of setting the direction of the project, have a way to prioritize key features and more. Finally, you get the good will of the community, help make the product better for everyone, and become a possible destination for other smart contributors to work. - -In other words, get involved. Membership has its privileges, and the primary privilege may well be information. - -### Choosing Where To Contribute ### - -Again, no company has the resources to effectively contribute to all the projects it uses, which is why Comerford suggests honing in on the critical projects in this way: - -> If you start by asking people to list all of the OSS technology that is critical to the business, you will likely end up with a massive list. Now tell them that they are going to have to commit headcount, budget to support every piece of technology on the list (and justify it) – it will likely shrink rapidly. - -If you're a chip company like AMD, contributing essential drivers and other code to the Linux kernel is likely mandatory. Contributing to LibreOffice probably is not. Or, if you're betting your future on Hadoop for deep data analytics, you should be contributing to Hadoop, even if you elect to free-ride on the OpenSSL community. And if you're Dish Networks, whose [CIO told the Open Business Conference crowd][6] last week that it's shifting important workloads off relational databases to Apache Kafka, it had better be investing code in Kafka, even if it doesn't contribute to the Apache HTTP server project. - -Every company has its priorities, and those priorities should be substantiated with serious commitments to open source. - -This is partly a way to ensure security in those projects. And partly it's a way to influence direction. But also, as Red Hat CEO [Jim Whitehurst declared][7] back in 2008, it's a way to reduce incredibly wasteful IT spending: - -> The vast majority of software written today is written in enterprise and not for resale. And the vast majority of that is never actually used. The waste in IT software development is extraordinary....Ultimately, for open source to provide value to all of our customers worldwide, we need to get our customers not only as users of open source products but truly engaged in open source and taking part in the development community. - -Comerford insists, "If I am using open source software that is critical to my business, I should be employing people that actively contribute to that software, that are known to the core developers, if not core developers themselves." This is the key to making the most of open-source software: Contribute to it, don't just use it. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://readwrite.com/2014/05/14/heartbleed-open-source-contribution-users - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://blogs.computerworld.com/encryption/23767/heartbleed-openssl-open-source-fail -[2]:http://www.zdnet.com/heartbleed-open-sources-worst-hour-7000028420/ -[3]:http://www.zdnet.com/openssl-needs-corporate-funding-to-avoid-heartbleed-repeat-7000028385/ -[4]:http://comerford.cc/wordpress/2014/04/15/my-conclusion-heartbleed-timeline/ -[5]:http://www.smh.com.au/it-pro/security-it/heartbleed-disclosure-timeline-who-knew-what-and-when-20140415-zqurk.html -[6]:http://blogs.wsj.com/cio/2014/05/06/dish-looks-to-open-source-software-after-database-failure/ -[7]:http://www.cnet.com/news/red-hat-solve-enterprise-waste-through-open-source/ diff --git a/translated/talk/What Heartbleed Teaches Us--Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md b/translated/talk/What Heartbleed Teaches Us--Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4d825204ff --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/talk/What Heartbleed Teaches Us--Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +心脏流血教给我们的:成为开源的贡献者而不仅是个用户 +================================================================================ +![](http://readwrite.com/files/styles/1400_0/public/fields/heart-shaped-hole-heartbleed.jpg) + +> 如果你的公司依赖像OpenSSL这样的开源软件,是时候主动点了。 + +开源社区已经官方披上了它心脏流血衬衫。 + +ComputerWorld的Richi Jennings [抨击说][1]“又一个非常可怕的开源失败。”（骗取更多的页面浏览量？）ZDNet的Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols没有公开反对开源软件，仍旧[设法称][2]心脏流血是开源软件的最遭时刻。" 最终ZDNet的Chris Duckett务实地[恳求][3]:"公司筹集资金来避免心脏流血再次发生。" + +而一个好的开始，企业资金并不是心脏流血的最终答案 。你才是。 + +想要避免开源失败的公司应该不仅仅是开源软件的用户，还要是贡献者。 + +### 贡献者乘坐头等舱 ### + +贡献者帮助引导特定的项目。他们开始行动，而不只是执行。大多数企业缺乏资源参与他们所使用的所有开源项目，但每家公司都可以投资给那些真正关系到他们的项目。并且投资得越多，得到的好处越大。 + +开源就是坚持给那些会给予反馈项目补助的礼物。 + +我MongoDB的同事[Adam Comerford让这点更有说服力][4]：如果你看看第一批得知Heartbleed的[时间线] [5]，那些第一批得知的（如谷歌）有一个相当大的优势。如Comford所说的，这些公司有一个显著的优势就是他们可以在bug还大规模未知的时候率先采取措施保护他们的系统。 + + +既然知道早期了解像Heartbleed问题的优势，Comerford问：“我如何确保我在这类问题的早期通知列表里面？” + + +如果你依赖于专有软件，你有一个答案：向卖方支付大量的金钱，并希望他适时地响应。但是，如果你正在使用开源软件，有一个扩展选项： “要么有大量的员工给[开源项目]做贡献 ，或者...有知道主要贡献者的员工（让我们面对他，他们大多会贡献其他开源软件项目，极客和书呆子八卦像其他人一样。“ + +Comerford断言说：”好处不止这样“ + +> 这有很多好处 - 除了让问题及早通知，你让手头上的专家来应付这些棘手的更新，以评估你的风险，甚至可能在公众知道之前内部解决问题。在设置项目的方向上你还可以得到尊重的声音，可以有权划分关键特性的优先级。最终，你会了解社区好的意愿，有助于使大家的产品变得更好，并成为让聪明的贡献者一起工作的目标。 + +换句话说，参与进来。成员有特权，主要的特权可能就是信息。 + +### 选择在哪贡献 ### + +同样，没有一家公司有足够的资源来有效地促进所有它所使用的项目，这就是为什么Comerford建议对关键项目上这么做的原因： + +> 如果你要人们列出在商业中所有开源关键技术，你可能会得到一张很长的名单。现在，告诉他们，他们将不得不清点数量和预算来支持清单上的每一种技术的（并证明它） - 它可能会迅速缩水。 + +如果你是一个AMD那样的芯片公司，给Linux内核贡献基本驱动程序和其他代码很可能是强制性的。给LibreOffice贡献可能不是。或者，如果你赌你的未来在Hadoop上进行深层数据分析，你应该贡献Hadoop，即使你选择在OpenSSL社区免费乘车。如果你是Dish Networks，它的[ CIO告诉上周在开放商业会以上的人们][6]，他们正在将重要的的工作载荷，关系型数据库转到Apache的Kafka，那他最好研究Kafaka的代码，即使他不贡献给Apache HTTP服务器项目。 + +每家公司都有其优先级，以及这些优先级必须以严肃地给开源项目提交来证明。 + +这是确保这些项目安全的一部分办法。而另一部分，它是一种影响方向的方式。但同时，红帽公司CEO[Jim Whitehurst][7]早在2008年声明，它是显著减少IT花费的办法： + +> 今天编写的绝大多数软件是企业编写的，不得转售。并且绝大多数是从来没有真正使用过。IT软件开发中的浪费是巨大的....最终，开源给全世界的客户提供价值，我们不仅需要让我们的客户作为开源产品的用户，而且真正加入开源和参与在开发社区。 + + +Comerford坚持认为：“如果我在业务中使用开源软件，如果他们自己不是核心开发者，我应该雇核心开发人员来积极给软件做贡献。 ”这是充分利用开源软件的关键：给它做贡献，不只是使用它。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://readwrite.com/2014/05/14/heartbleed-open-source-contribution-users + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://blogs.computerworld.com/encryption/23767/heartbleed-openssl-open-source-fail +[2]:http://www.zdnet.com/heartbleed-open-sources-worst-hour-7000028420/ +[3]:http://www.zdnet.com/openssl-needs-corporate-funding-to-avoid-heartbleed-repeat-7000028385/ +[4]:http://comerford.cc/wordpress/2014/04/15/my-conclusion-heartbleed-timeline/ +[5]:http://www.smh.com.au/it-pro/security-it/heartbleed-disclosure-timeline-who-knew-what-and-when-20140415-zqurk.html +[6]:http://blogs.wsj.com/cio/2014/05/06/dish-looks-to-open-source-software-after-database-failure/ +[7]:http://www.cnet.com/news/red-hat-solve-enterprise-waste-through-open-source/ From 9b516d4c7c6c91a3000b3b56b8dcfdfd23126317 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: hunanchenxingyu Date: Sat, 24 May 2014 23:13:14 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 253/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E4=B8=AD=20by=20huna?= =?UTF-8?q?nchenxingyu?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md index 01d0806ffe..593854514b 100644 --- a/sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ b/sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +hunanchenxingyu translating .... +================================================================================ How To Install ‘California’ Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04 ================================================================================ ![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/california-calendar.jpg) From 8b47b0bf8d589343bc3b0bf21ec887467ca1d0ca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sat, 24 May 2014 23:25:59 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 254/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9ASmallest=20O?= =?UTF-8?q?S=20for=20Raspberry=20Pi,=20piCore=205.3,=20Returns=20with=20Li?= =?UTF-8?q?nux=20Kernel=203.14.4?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @jiajia9linuxer 发布了！翻译的不错。 --- ...e 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md | 42 +++++++++++++++++++ ...e 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md | 41 ------------------ 2 files changed, 42 insertions(+), 41 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md delete mode 100644 translated/news/Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md diff --git a/published/Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md b/published/Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..50747667e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +最小的树莓派系统 picore5.3，载着3.14.4内核归来 +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Smallest-OS-for-Raspberry-Pi-piCore-5-3-Returns-with-Linux-Kernel-3-14-4-443246-2.jpg) +**Tiny Core团队已经宣布，picore 5.3（一个Tiny Core Linux 在树莓派上的移植），刚刚发布了一个新的版本，现在可供下载。** + +Tiny Core的核心开发者实际上同时负责其他大量的同一基础的版本。开发者已经推出了一些变体。有Core版（为有经验的用户提供了命令行界面的基本系统），TinyCore（推荐给有网线连接的新手），和CorePlus（安装映像，不是Live版的）。 + +Tiny Core团队并不是第一次发布这样的Linux版本，但其中有些改进是必要的，虽然除了引入新的Linux内核之外的改变都不大。 + +根据变更日志所述，Linux已经更新到版本3.14.4，树莓派的固件也更新到了它的最新版本（三月版），e2fsprogs已经更新到版本1.42.10， HDMI sound 现在已经支持192 kbit /s速率，CMA和fiq-fsm现在默认启用，现在，卸载meta-extensions时使用sudo。 + +更新树莓派不用移去SD卡了，而且开发者已经发布了一些如何去操作的说明。 + +“下载picore-5.3rc4-boot.tar.gz，解压到一个临时文件夹，然后挂载/mnt/mmcblk0p1并覆盖其内容。它将覆盖引导自定义选项，如果你修改过原来系统中的config.txt和cmdline.txt，需要再修改一次。” + +“如果使用无线远程连接请不要重启，否则你将由于不兼容的内核模块而丢失无线连接！从库里面下载一个匹配内核的模块tcz's后再重启。你必须保证有一个已经更新的系统可以工作。请注意，有可能是库里面仍然没有可用的内核模块扩展，“请阅读官方论坛发布的备注。 + +完整的更新日志可以官网[声明][1]中看到。你现在可以从Softpedia下载[picore 5.3][2]。 + +树莓派带有一个700 MHz的ARM处理器、512 MB的RAM、SD卡插槽和5V MicroUSB供电接口。它还具有RCA和HDMI端口。 + +Tiny Core Linux 的树莓派移植是Robert Shingledecker架构的一个独立系统，现在被一个具有强大社区的小团体所支持。 + +如果你不熟悉的Tiny Core家族的Linux发行版，你只需要知道，这是一个有开源社区开发扩展的一个模块化系统，它通常使用最新Linux内核vmlinuz 3.0，大约5MB core.gz内核。 + + +### Tiny Core Linux piCore 5.3: 免费下载 ### + +- [Tiny Core Linux piCore 5.3 (zip) 多版本][3] [二进制] [14 MB] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + +引用: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Smallest-OS-for-Raspberry-Pi-piCore-5-3-Returns-with-Linux-Kernel-3-14-4-443246.shtml + +译者：[jiajia9linuxer](https://github.com/jiajia9linuxer) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://forum.tinycorelinux.net/index.php/topic,17061.0.html +[2]:http://linux.softpedia.com/get/Linux-Distributions/Tiny-Core-Linux-piCore-103260.shtml +[3]:http://tinycorelinux.net/5.x/armv6/releases/5.3/ diff --git a/translated/news/Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md b/translated/news/Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md deleted file mode 100644 index b1f43156ed..0000000000 --- a/translated/news/Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,41 +0,0 @@ -最小的操作系统picore Raspberry Pi，5.3，内嵌Linux内核3.14.4 -================================================================================ -![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Smallest-OS-for-Raspberry-Pi-piCore-5-3-Returns-with-Linux-Kernel-3-14-4-443246-2.jpg) -**微小的核心团队已经宣布，picore 5.3，Tiny Core Linux Raspberry Pi的接口，刚刚收到一个新的版本，现在可供下载。* * -Tiny Core的核心开发者实际上是负责其他大量建立了具有相同基础的版本。这里有许多适合开发者的变体。有核心版（库系统只提供一个为有经验的用户的命令行界面），tinycore（关于有线网络连接的新手推荐选项），和CorePlus（安装映像，非激活的）。 - -Tiny Core团队并不是第一次发布这样的Linux版本，但有些改进是必要的，除了引用新的Linux内核之外，并非所有都是大的改变。 - -根据更新的内核，Linux已经更新到版本3.14.4，Raspberry Pi的固件更新了它的最新版本（释放），e2fsprogs已经更新到版本1.42.10， HDMI sound 现在是在192 kbit / s的工作速率，CMA和fiq-fsm现在默认启用，现在，sudo使用时，取消连接meta-extensions.。 - -这次更新了Raspberry Pi以前的版本没有移除SD卡的可能，而且开发者已经发布了一些如何去操作的说明。 - -“下载picore-5.3rc4-boot.tar.gz解压到一个临时文件夹，覆盖/mnt/mmcblk0p1的内容后，安装它。它将自定义启动选项。如果你仍然想在老系统中的config.txt定制cmdline.txt，请再做一次。” - -“如果使用无线远程连接是不需要重启的，否则你将失去由于不兼容的内核模块的连接！下一个下载内核模块TCZ从repo匹配新内核版本并重新启动。你必须保证有一个已经更新的系统在工作。请注意，这有可能是尚未在repo里的内核模块的扩展，“相关阅读笔记发布在官方论坛。 - -在官网声明中可以发现一个已经更新改变的完整列表。你现在可以从Softpedia下载picore 5.3。 - -Raspberry Pi依赖与一个700 MHz的时速的ARM处理器，512 MB的RAM，SD卡插槽，和5V微USB连接器，电源。它还具有RCA和HDMI端口。 - -Tiny Core Linux Raspberry Pi的端口是一个独立的系统架构，这是通过罗伯特Shingledecker与社会团体强力支持小团队而发展起来的。 - -如果你不熟悉的Tiny Core家族的Linux分布，你需要知道，这是在开源社区扩展的一个模块化的系统，它通常使用最新Linux内核vmlinuz 3.0和一个5MB core.gz的文件。 - - -### Tiny Core Linux piCore 5.3: 免费下载 ### - -- [Tiny Core Linux piCore 5.3 (zip) 多版本][3][二进制] [14 MB] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - -引用: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Smallest-OS-for-Raspberry-Pi-piCore-5-3-Returns-with-Linux-Kernel-3-14-4-443246.shtml - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://forum.tinycorelinux.net/index.php/topic,17061.0.html -[2]:http://linux.softpedia.com/get/Linux-Distributions/Tiny-Core-Linux-piCore-103260.shtml -[3]:http://tinycorelinux.net/5.x/armv6/releases/5.3/ From 8aadfa1910caa3b1ee3126fc045937ef8e91bf98 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: linuhap Date: Sun, 25 May 2014 10:37:10 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 255/601] translated --- ...s the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md | 57 ------------------- ...s the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md | 56 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 56 insertions(+), 57 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/BattleBlock Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md create mode 100644 translated/news/BattleBlock Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md diff --git a/sources/news/BattleBlock Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md b/sources/news/BattleBlock Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md deleted file mode 100644 index f75c1c775a..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/BattleBlock Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,57 +0,0 @@ -linuhap 翻译中 -BattleBlock Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List -================================================================================ -![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/BattleBlock-Theater-Now-Rules-the-Steam-for-Linux-Best-Selling-List-442722-2.jpg) - -**The Steam for Linux platform has been receiving some new titles in the past couple of weeks and a few of them managed to get pretty high up in the best-selling list.** - -**Small World 2** take the tenth place and it’s a new entry in this exclusive list. This is a title based on the fantasy board game with the same name and it’s probably the only one in this genre that has a Linux version. - -**Football Manager 2014** fell into the ninth position, but given the fact that it’s one of the most expensive games on the Steam for Linux, we can safely say that it’s still doing quite well. This is a game that needs no introduction and that is regarded as the best of its kind. - -**Counter-Strike: Source**, a game that combines the gameplay from the original Counter-Strike with the power of the Source engine, has managed to get back in the best-selling top on Steam for Linux, in place number eight. - -**Guns of Icarus Online**, a multiplayer first-person shooter developed by Muse Games for multiple platforms, including Linux, is now in the seventh place and it even comes with a 75% discount. - -**Left 4 Dead 2**, the cooperative FPS developed by Valve, is still one of the best games on the Linux platform and the sixth place is a just one. - -**Starbound**, a procedurally generated adventure game developed by Chucklefish Ltd. in which the player takes on the role of a character who’s just fled from their home planet, only to crash-land on another, is in the fifth position. This is still under development and the fact that people are buying it before it’s even finished says a lot about the quality. - -**Kerbal Space Program**, a multi-genre game in which the players have to create their own space project and make a successful launch without killing the astronauts, is now in the fourth position. - -**Garry's Mod**, a physics sandbox that’s not even a game per say, is really hanging on and it remains in the third place, which is weird if we thing about it. It doesn’t have a single player campaign, but promise complete freedom to its users. - -**Rust**, a first-person survival game that takes place in a persistent universe, is no longer in the first place, but the second one is not all that bad. It’s still in development and there is no indication when the final version will be released. - -The first place in the best-selling list of games on Steam for Linux is a new entry called **BattleBlock Theater**. This is a 2D action platformer developed and published by The Behemoth studio that features an interesting level design and beautiful graphics. - -Enjoy! - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/BattleBlock-Theater-Now-Rules-the-Steam-for-Linux-Best-Selling-List-442722.shtml - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]: -[2]: -[3]: -[4]: -[5]: -[6]: -[7]: -[8]: -[9]: -[10]: -[11]: -[12]: -[13]: -[14]: -[15]: -[16]: -[17]: -[18]: -[19]: -[20]: diff --git a/translated/news/BattleBlock Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md b/translated/news/BattleBlock Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..728c1523c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/BattleBlock Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +战斗砖块剧场占领Steam for Linux最畅销名单第一位 +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/BattleBlock-Theater-Now-Rules-the-Steam-for-Linux-Best-Selling-List-442722-2.jpg) + +**Steam for Linux平台在过去几周接受了一些新游戏，其中几个在最畅销名单里有很高的提升。** + +**小小世界2** 取代原第十位并成为进入这个专属名单里的新游戏。这款游戏基于同名的幻想桌游，这可能是此类型游戏里唯一一个有Linux版本的游戏。 + +**足球经理2014** 掉到了第九位，但鉴于这是Steam for Linux上最贵的游戏，我们可以有把握地说他依然做的很好。不需要介绍，这款游戏被认为是同类中做得最好的。 + +**反恐精英：起源** ，游戏结合了原作反恐精英的玩法，使用的是Source引擎，又回到了Steam for Linux最畅销名单顶部，位于第八位。 + +**伊卡罗斯之炮在线版** ，Muse Games开发的多玩家第一人称射击游戏，游戏有多个平台版本，包括Linux，现在它位于第七位而且它甚至打二五折。 + +**求生之路2** ， Valve开发的多人合作第一人称射击游戏，仍然是Linux平台最好的游戏之一，位于第六位。 + +**星界边境Starbound** ，呵呵鱼工作室开发的一款程序生成冒险类游戏，游戏中玩家玩家扮演了一个逃离了自己星球而只能紧急降落在其他星球的角色，游戏在第五位。这个游戏仍然在开发中，在游戏完成之前就有人买的事实说明了游戏的质量。 + +**坎巴拉太空计划** ，一个多类型玩法的游戏，游戏中玩家必须要创建自己的太空项目而且要在不杀死宇航员的情况下发射成功，游戏现在在第四位。 + +**盖瑞模组Garry's Mod**, 一个物理沙箱，就其本身而言它甚至不算是个游戏，它存在于第三空间，如果我们想想它的话它确实很奇怪。游戏没有单独的玩家战争，但玩家有完全的自由。 + +**Rust腐蚀**, 一款第一人称生存游戏，游戏背景发生在一个持久的宇宙中，游戏不再是第一位，但第二位也不是那么糟糕。游戏仍在开发中，没有迹象表明多会儿会发布最终版本。 + +Steam for Linux的最畅名单中位于第一位是新领主，叫做 **战斗砖块剧场** 。这是一款由The Behemoth创作并发布的2D战斗平台游戏，游戏特点是有趣的关卡设计和漂亮的图案。 + +玩的开心！ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/BattleBlock-Theater-Now-Rules-the-Steam-for-Linux-Best-Selling-List-442722.shtml + +译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]: +[2]: +[3]: +[4]: +[5]: +[6]: +[7]: +[8]: +[9]: +[10]: +[11]: +[12]: +[13]: +[14]: +[15]: +[16]: +[17]: +[18]: +[19]: +[20]: \ No newline at end of file From 55dfc3a7094f37b195ceb87e03340fcec514bec8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: hunanchenxingyu Date: Sun, 25 May 2014 15:50:14 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 256/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90=20?= =?UTF-8?q?by=20hunanchenxingyu?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...alifornia' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md | 55 ++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 29 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md index 593854514b..2c23ceb382 100644 --- a/sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ b/sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -1,57 +1,60 @@ -hunanchenxingyu translating .... -================================================================================ -How To Install ‘California’ Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04 +Ubuntu 14.04上怎样安装‘California’ 日历应用 ================================================================================ ![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/california-calendar.jpg) -**When non-profit software outfit Yorba revealed that it had [begun work on a new desktop calendar app][1] called ‘California’ last month plenty of us were duly excited — “About time!“, we declared in our own headline. ** +**当非盈利软件安装Yorba时表明它开始用在被称为‘California’的桌面日历应用程序中，在上个月的 那段时间里我们都很兴奋，我们在自己的头条中进行了声明.** -And for good reason as Yorba are the hands behind the user-friendly e-mail client ‘Geary‘ and slick photo management software ‘Shotwell‘. Expectations for their foray into Linux productivity software are, naturally, rather high. +那是非常好的理由，Yorba在背后支撑着用户体验好的电子邮件客户端软件‘Geary’以及照片管理软件‘Shotwell’.期望他们能够自然的成为linux系统的主流软件. -Although **California is not yet stable** enough to warrant a formal release it is now available to install on Ubuntu through the company’s daily development PPA. +尽管 **California 尚未稳定** 到保证一个正式的发行版本，但现在将公司日常开发的PPA(Personal Package Archives)安装到ubuntu系统中是可使用的. -### Progress So Far ### +### 迄今取得的进展 ### -“*Neeeeeyaaaaaaaawwnnn!*” — that’s the sound of the caveats plane coming in to land at San Francisco International Airport. +“*Neeeeeyaaaaaaaawwnnn!*” — 那是飞机即将降落在旧金山国际机场的一段警告声音. -Yes, California is in active development; it’s not finished nor is it stable enough for everyday use by everyday folk who might want to use it. But, if you’re clever enough to deal with a few bugs you can install the app on Ubuntu 14.04. +是的，California 正在积极的开发中，该软件没有完成，也没有稳定到满足任何人每天使用，但是 +如果你能够很聪明的处理一些bug的话，你能够在ubuntu 14.04上安装这款应用程序 -Whether you should will depend on your needs. +是否这样做取决于你的需要. -Current builds (i.e., at the time of writing) offers local management and basic support for Google Calendar and web cal (.ics). Events even show up in the GNOME Date/Time applet. +当前的构建提供了本地管理以及Google 日历和web日历的基本支持. 事件甚至在GNOME桌面 +的日期/时间小程序中显示. -#### Natural Language Input #### +#### 自然语言输入 #### -When first launching California you are presented with an overview of the current month. There is not yet — at least that I could find — a way to view by week, by year or by agenda. You can cycle though months using the navigation buttons, however. +当你第一次打开California 软件时，当月的概要呈现在你的面前，目前还没有-至少我能够找到一种方法 +按星期，年，议程去查看. 尽管月份使用导航按钮，然而能够周期性的操作. -New calendars (*e.g., ‘work‘, ‘pet schedule‘*) can be created and toggled on/off by clicking the Calendar icon in the toolbar. Each calendar can be assigned a different colour to help visually differentiate between items when all are shown in the main overview. +通过点击工具栏中的日历图标创建新的日历（*e.g., ‘work‘, ‘pet schedule‘*）及打开/关闭. 当所有的日历都展现在主窗口时，每个日历分配的不同颜色能够带来视觉的区分. -To create a new event click the ‘+’ icon and, using **natural language input** in the input box that appears, enter a description of the event you want to file. For example, enter the text “*Bake Sansa Stark A Lemon Cake on Wednesday 2.45 PM*” will lodge a new entry for the following Wednesday at the relevant time (14:45). +为了创建新的事件，点击‘+’图标, 然后在弹出的输入框中使用**自然语言输入**，输入你想要提交事件的描述. 例如, 输入内容“*Bake Sansa Stark A Lemon Cake on Wednesday 2.45 PM*”将嵌入新的条目在周三的这个时间(14:45). ![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Screen-Shot-2014-05-15-at-21.26.20.png) -I can’t wait for this feature to become a bit more refined. Right now, while it accurately pinpoints dates (give or take) it doesn’t support creation of recurring events (e.g., via “*Skype chat with Sam every Tuesday at 7 AM*“) nor does it fill in locations or people (e.g., “*Coffee with Penelope on Monday 12 PM at Boston Tea Party*“). +我不能等待这个功能变得更加完善。现在，尽管它能够精准定位日期，但不支持经常性事件的创建 +（e.g., via “*Skype chat with Sam every Tuesday at 7 AM*“）也不能填写地点或人物（e.g., “*Coffee with Penelope on Monday 12 PM at Boston Tea Party*“）. -For greater control you can also refine and edit entries created by double-clicking on them in the grid view. This will open up a window with additional fields, time pickers, date forms and so on. +为了能够更好的控制，你可以在网格视图上双击它们来完善和编辑创建好条目. 将打开一个包含附加字段、时间选择、日期格式等的窗口. -#### Lacking In Radiance #### +#### 缺乏光芒 #### -If there is a drawback to be found (bugs and missing options should be overlooked at this stage) it is appearance. While it looks fantastic under Adwaita, under Ubuntu’s default theme it looks atrocious. +在外观上如果有一些缺陷被发现(这个阶段bugs和遗漏选项应该被忽略). 然而在 Adwaita看来已经很棒了，ubuntu默认主题下它看起来糟透了. -This is not the fault of Yorba (or GNOME) but Ubuntu’s design team who has yet to add theming support for GNOME’s new GTK Header Bars and its modal dialogs to its ‘light themes’. +这不是Yorba的错误（或GNOME） 只是Ubuntu开发团队不再增加主题来支持GNOME新的GTK标题栏以及‘光主题’的模式对话框 -California is fully useable on Ubuntu it just happens to resemble software run in the aftermath of a failed distribution upgrade. This issue won’t affect those running Ubuntu GNOME or rocking modern third-party GTK3 themes. +California 在ubuntu系统上完全可用，恰巧运行在相似软件分发升级失败之后. 这个问题将不影响它们在ubuntu GNOME中的运行或第三方主题的切换 -### Install California in Ubuntu 14.04 ### -If you glossed over the warning earlier, I’ll repeat: California is unstable and in active development. +### 在ubuntu14.04中安装California ### -The [Yorba Daily PPA][2] also contains newer (unstable) versions of Shotwell and Geary. Adding this PPA to your system will also see these upgraded. +如果你掩饰先前的警告， 我们再次重声：California 尚未稳定，正处于积极的开发中. + +这个[Yorba Daily PPA][2] 包含最新(未稳定)的Shotwell和Geary版本. 将这个PPA安装到你的系统中将能够看到这些软件的更新. sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yorba/daily-builds sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install california -A safer way to try the app out is to [download the .deb installers from the PPA directly][3]: +可通过一个安全的方法来使用这个应用程序，便是[直接下载来自PPA的.deb安装包][3]: - [Download California for Ubuntu 14.04 (64bit)][4] - [Download California for Ubuntu 14.04 (32bit)][5] @@ -60,7 +63,7 @@ A safer way to try the app out is to [download the .deb installers from the PPA via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/california-calendar-app-hits-yorba-daily-ppa -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[hunanchenxingyu](https://github.com/hunanchenxingyu) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From e7fb56beea705f56aac4839380139e63e1a313fa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: hunanchenxingyu Date: Sun, 25 May 2014 15:53:33 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 257/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90=20?= =?UTF-8?q?by=20hunanchenxingyu?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename {sources => translated}/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md (100%) diff --git a/sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md b/translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md similarity index 100% rename from sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md rename to translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md From b5f5af2c09630c2b6235176914b8924a601e6da2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: hunanchenxingyu Date: Sun, 25 May 2014 16:03:57 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 258/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BF=AE=E5=A4=8D~~~?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...alifornia' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md | 74 ------------------- 1 file changed, 74 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md diff --git a/translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md b/translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2c23ceb382..0000000000 --- a/translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,74 +0,0 @@ -Ubuntu 14.04上怎样安装‘California’ 日历应用 -================================================================================ -![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/california-calendar.jpg) - -**当非盈利软件安装Yorba时表明它开始用在被称为‘California’的桌面日历应用程序中，在上个月的 那段时间里我们都很兴奋，我们在自己的头条中进行了声明.** - -那是非常好的理由，Yorba在背后支撑着用户体验好的电子邮件客户端软件‘Geary’以及照片管理软件‘Shotwell’.期望他们能够自然的成为linux系统的主流软件. - -尽管 **California 尚未稳定** 到保证一个正式的发行版本，但现在将公司日常开发的PPA(Personal Package Archives)安装到ubuntu系统中是可使用的. - -### 迄今取得的进展 ### - -“*Neeeeeyaaaaaaaawwnnn!*” — 那是飞机即将降落在旧金山国际机场的一段警告声音. - -是的，California 正在积极的开发中，该软件没有完成，也没有稳定到满足任何人每天使用，但是 -如果你能够很聪明的处理一些bug的话，你能够在ubuntu 14.04上安装这款应用程序 - -是否这样做取决于你的需要. - -当前的构建提供了本地管理以及Google 日历和web日历的基本支持. 事件甚至在GNOME桌面 -的日期/时间小程序中显示. - -#### 自然语言输入 #### - -当你第一次打开California 软件时，当月的概要呈现在你的面前，目前还没有-至少我能够找到一种方法 -按星期，年，议程去查看. 尽管月份使用导航按钮，然而能够周期性的操作. - -通过点击工具栏中的日历图标创建新的日历（*e.g., ‘work‘, ‘pet schedule‘*）及打开/关闭. 当所有的日历都展现在主窗口时，每个日历分配的不同颜色能够带来视觉的区分. - -为了创建新的事件，点击‘+’图标, 然后在弹出的输入框中使用**自然语言输入**，输入你想要提交事件的描述. 例如, 输入内容“*Bake Sansa Stark A Lemon Cake on Wednesday 2.45 PM*”将嵌入新的条目在周三的这个时间(14:45). - -![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Screen-Shot-2014-05-15-at-21.26.20.png) - -我不能等待这个功能变得更加完善。现在，尽管它能够精准定位日期，但不支持经常性事件的创建 -（e.g., via “*Skype chat with Sam every Tuesday at 7 AM*“）也不能填写地点或人物（e.g., “*Coffee with Penelope on Monday 12 PM at Boston Tea Party*“）. - -为了能够更好的控制，你可以在网格视图上双击它们来完善和编辑创建好条目. 将打开一个包含附加字段、时间选择、日期格式等的窗口. - -#### 缺乏光芒 #### - -在外观上如果有一些缺陷被发现(这个阶段bugs和遗漏选项应该被忽略). 然而在 Adwaita看来已经很棒了，ubuntu默认主题下它看起来糟透了. - -这不是Yorba的错误（或GNOME） 只是Ubuntu开发团队不再增加主题来支持GNOME新的GTK标题栏以及‘光主题’的模式对话框 - -California 在ubuntu系统上完全可用，恰巧运行在相似软件分发升级失败之后. 这个问题将不影响它们在ubuntu GNOME中的运行或第三方主题的切换 - - -### 在ubuntu14.04中安装California ### - -如果你掩饰先前的警告， 我们再次重声：California 尚未稳定，正处于积极的开发中. - -这个[Yorba Daily PPA][2] 包含最新(未稳定)的Shotwell和Geary版本. 将这个PPA安装到你的系统中将能够看到这些软件的更新. - - sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yorba/daily-builds - sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install california - -可通过一个安全的方法来使用这个应用程序，便是[直接下载来自PPA的.deb安装包][3]: - -- [Download California for Ubuntu 14.04 (64bit)][4] -- [Download California for Ubuntu 14.04 (32bit)][5] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/california-calendar-app-hits-yorba-daily-ppa - -译者：[hunanchenxingyu](https://github.com/hunanchenxingyu) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/yorba-california-calendar-app-linux -[2]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/ -[3]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+packages -[4]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+files/california_0.1.0-0%7E188%7Eubuntu14.04.1_amd64.deb -[5]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+files/california_0.1.0-0%7E188%7Eubuntu14.04.1_i386.deb \ No newline at end of file From 3a477c7429c36d60e6da35d104cf860152110464 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: hunanchenxingyu Date: Sun, 25 May 2014 16:05:22 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 259/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BF=AE=E6=94=B9=E4=B8=AD?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...alifornia' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md | 71 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 71 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md diff --git a/sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..593854514b --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +hunanchenxingyu translating .... +================================================================================ +How To Install ‘California’ Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04 +================================================================================ +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/california-calendar.jpg) + +**When non-profit software outfit Yorba revealed that it had [begun work on a new desktop calendar app][1] called ‘California’ last month plenty of us were duly excited — “About time!“, we declared in our own headline. ** + +And for good reason as Yorba are the hands behind the user-friendly e-mail client ‘Geary‘ and slick photo management software ‘Shotwell‘. Expectations for their foray into Linux productivity software are, naturally, rather high. + +Although **California is not yet stable** enough to warrant a formal release it is now available to install on Ubuntu through the company’s daily development PPA. + +### Progress So Far ### + +“*Neeeeeyaaaaaaaawwnnn!*” — that’s the sound of the caveats plane coming in to land at San Francisco International Airport. + +Yes, California is in active development; it’s not finished nor is it stable enough for everyday use by everyday folk who might want to use it. But, if you’re clever enough to deal with a few bugs you can install the app on Ubuntu 14.04. + +Whether you should will depend on your needs. + +Current builds (i.e., at the time of writing) offers local management and basic support for Google Calendar and web cal (.ics). Events even show up in the GNOME Date/Time applet. + +#### Natural Language Input #### + +When first launching California you are presented with an overview of the current month. There is not yet — at least that I could find — a way to view by week, by year or by agenda. You can cycle though months using the navigation buttons, however. + +New calendars (*e.g., ‘work‘, ‘pet schedule‘*) can be created and toggled on/off by clicking the Calendar icon in the toolbar. Each calendar can be assigned a different colour to help visually differentiate between items when all are shown in the main overview. + +To create a new event click the ‘+’ icon and, using **natural language input** in the input box that appears, enter a description of the event you want to file. For example, enter the text “*Bake Sansa Stark A Lemon Cake on Wednesday 2.45 PM*” will lodge a new entry for the following Wednesday at the relevant time (14:45). + +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Screen-Shot-2014-05-15-at-21.26.20.png) + +I can’t wait for this feature to become a bit more refined. Right now, while it accurately pinpoints dates (give or take) it doesn’t support creation of recurring events (e.g., via “*Skype chat with Sam every Tuesday at 7 AM*“) nor does it fill in locations or people (e.g., “*Coffee with Penelope on Monday 12 PM at Boston Tea Party*“). + +For greater control you can also refine and edit entries created by double-clicking on them in the grid view. This will open up a window with additional fields, time pickers, date forms and so on. + +#### Lacking In Radiance #### + +If there is a drawback to be found (bugs and missing options should be overlooked at this stage) it is appearance. While it looks fantastic under Adwaita, under Ubuntu’s default theme it looks atrocious. + +This is not the fault of Yorba (or GNOME) but Ubuntu’s design team who has yet to add theming support for GNOME’s new GTK Header Bars and its modal dialogs to its ‘light themes’. + +California is fully useable on Ubuntu it just happens to resemble software run in the aftermath of a failed distribution upgrade. This issue won’t affect those running Ubuntu GNOME or rocking modern third-party GTK3 themes. + +### Install California in Ubuntu 14.04 ### + +If you glossed over the warning earlier, I’ll repeat: California is unstable and in active development. + +The [Yorba Daily PPA][2] also contains newer (unstable) versions of Shotwell and Geary. Adding this PPA to your system will also see these upgraded. + + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yorba/daily-builds + sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install california + +A safer way to try the app out is to [download the .deb installers from the PPA directly][3]: + +- [Download California for Ubuntu 14.04 (64bit)][4] +- [Download California for Ubuntu 14.04 (32bit)][5] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/california-calendar-app-hits-yorba-daily-ppa + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/yorba-california-calendar-app-linux +[2]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/ +[3]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+packages +[4]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+files/california_0.1.0-0%7E188%7Eubuntu14.04.1_amd64.deb +[5]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+files/california_0.1.0-0%7E188%7Eubuntu14.04.1_i386.deb \ No newline at end of file From 59b8700c70239217dfdf535e24ced4413d5b186b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: hunanchenxingyu Date: Sun, 25 May 2014 16:08:58 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 260/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90=20?= =?UTF-8?q?by=20hunanchenxingyu?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...alifornia' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md | 71 ------------------ ...alifornia' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md | 74 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 74 insertions(+), 71 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md diff --git a/sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 593854514b..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,71 +0,0 @@ -hunanchenxingyu translating .... -================================================================================ -How To Install ‘California’ Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04 -================================================================================ -![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/california-calendar.jpg) - -**When non-profit software outfit Yorba revealed that it had [begun work on a new desktop calendar app][1] called ‘California’ last month plenty of us were duly excited — “About time!“, we declared in our own headline. ** - -And for good reason as Yorba are the hands behind the user-friendly e-mail client ‘Geary‘ and slick photo management software ‘Shotwell‘. Expectations for their foray into Linux productivity software are, naturally, rather high. - -Although **California is not yet stable** enough to warrant a formal release it is now available to install on Ubuntu through the company’s daily development PPA. - -### Progress So Far ### - -“*Neeeeeyaaaaaaaawwnnn!*” — that’s the sound of the caveats plane coming in to land at San Francisco International Airport. - -Yes, California is in active development; it’s not finished nor is it stable enough for everyday use by everyday folk who might want to use it. But, if you’re clever enough to deal with a few bugs you can install the app on Ubuntu 14.04. - -Whether you should will depend on your needs. - -Current builds (i.e., at the time of writing) offers local management and basic support for Google Calendar and web cal (.ics). Events even show up in the GNOME Date/Time applet. - -#### Natural Language Input #### - -When first launching California you are presented with an overview of the current month. There is not yet — at least that I could find — a way to view by week, by year or by agenda. You can cycle though months using the navigation buttons, however. - -New calendars (*e.g., ‘work‘, ‘pet schedule‘*) can be created and toggled on/off by clicking the Calendar icon in the toolbar. Each calendar can be assigned a different colour to help visually differentiate between items when all are shown in the main overview. - -To create a new event click the ‘+’ icon and, using **natural language input** in the input box that appears, enter a description of the event you want to file. For example, enter the text “*Bake Sansa Stark A Lemon Cake on Wednesday 2.45 PM*” will lodge a new entry for the following Wednesday at the relevant time (14:45). - -![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Screen-Shot-2014-05-15-at-21.26.20.png) - -I can’t wait for this feature to become a bit more refined. Right now, while it accurately pinpoints dates (give or take) it doesn’t support creation of recurring events (e.g., via “*Skype chat with Sam every Tuesday at 7 AM*“) nor does it fill in locations or people (e.g., “*Coffee with Penelope on Monday 12 PM at Boston Tea Party*“). - -For greater control you can also refine and edit entries created by double-clicking on them in the grid view. This will open up a window with additional fields, time pickers, date forms and so on. - -#### Lacking In Radiance #### - -If there is a drawback to be found (bugs and missing options should be overlooked at this stage) it is appearance. While it looks fantastic under Adwaita, under Ubuntu’s default theme it looks atrocious. - -This is not the fault of Yorba (or GNOME) but Ubuntu’s design team who has yet to add theming support for GNOME’s new GTK Header Bars and its modal dialogs to its ‘light themes’. - -California is fully useable on Ubuntu it just happens to resemble software run in the aftermath of a failed distribution upgrade. This issue won’t affect those running Ubuntu GNOME or rocking modern third-party GTK3 themes. - -### Install California in Ubuntu 14.04 ### - -If you glossed over the warning earlier, I’ll repeat: California is unstable and in active development. - -The [Yorba Daily PPA][2] also contains newer (unstable) versions of Shotwell and Geary. Adding this PPA to your system will also see these upgraded. - - sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yorba/daily-builds - sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install california - -A safer way to try the app out is to [download the .deb installers from the PPA directly][3]: - -- [Download California for Ubuntu 14.04 (64bit)][4] -- [Download California for Ubuntu 14.04 (32bit)][5] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/california-calendar-app-hits-yorba-daily-ppa - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/yorba-california-calendar-app-linux -[2]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/ -[3]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+packages -[4]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+files/california_0.1.0-0%7E188%7Eubuntu14.04.1_amd64.deb -[5]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+files/california_0.1.0-0%7E188%7Eubuntu14.04.1_i386.deb \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md b/translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2c23ceb382 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +Ubuntu 14.04上怎样安装‘California’ 日历应用 +================================================================================ +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/california-calendar.jpg) + +**当非盈利软件安装Yorba时表明它开始用在被称为‘California’的桌面日历应用程序中，在上个月的 那段时间里我们都很兴奋，我们在自己的头条中进行了声明.** + +那是非常好的理由，Yorba在背后支撑着用户体验好的电子邮件客户端软件‘Geary’以及照片管理软件‘Shotwell’.期望他们能够自然的成为linux系统的主流软件. + +尽管 **California 尚未稳定** 到保证一个正式的发行版本，但现在将公司日常开发的PPA(Personal Package Archives)安装到ubuntu系统中是可使用的. + +### 迄今取得的进展 ### + +“*Neeeeeyaaaaaaaawwnnn!*” — 那是飞机即将降落在旧金山国际机场的一段警告声音. + +是的，California 正在积极的开发中，该软件没有完成，也没有稳定到满足任何人每天使用，但是 +如果你能够很聪明的处理一些bug的话，你能够在ubuntu 14.04上安装这款应用程序 + +是否这样做取决于你的需要. + +当前的构建提供了本地管理以及Google 日历和web日历的基本支持. 事件甚至在GNOME桌面 +的日期/时间小程序中显示. + +#### 自然语言输入 #### + +当你第一次打开California 软件时，当月的概要呈现在你的面前，目前还没有-至少我能够找到一种方法 +按星期，年，议程去查看. 尽管月份使用导航按钮，然而能够周期性的操作. + +通过点击工具栏中的日历图标创建新的日历（*e.g., ‘work‘, ‘pet schedule‘*）及打开/关闭. 当所有的日历都展现在主窗口时，每个日历分配的不同颜色能够带来视觉的区分. + +为了创建新的事件，点击‘+’图标, 然后在弹出的输入框中使用**自然语言输入**，输入你想要提交事件的描述. 例如, 输入内容“*Bake Sansa Stark A Lemon Cake on Wednesday 2.45 PM*”将嵌入新的条目在周三的这个时间(14:45). + +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Screen-Shot-2014-05-15-at-21.26.20.png) + +我不能等待这个功能变得更加完善。现在，尽管它能够精准定位日期，但不支持经常性事件的创建 +（e.g., via “*Skype chat with Sam every Tuesday at 7 AM*“）也不能填写地点或人物（e.g., “*Coffee with Penelope on Monday 12 PM at Boston Tea Party*“）. + +为了能够更好的控制，你可以在网格视图上双击它们来完善和编辑创建好条目. 将打开一个包含附加字段、时间选择、日期格式等的窗口. + +#### 缺乏光芒 #### + +在外观上如果有一些缺陷被发现(这个阶段bugs和遗漏选项应该被忽略). 然而在 Adwaita看来已经很棒了，ubuntu默认主题下它看起来糟透了. + +这不是Yorba的错误（或GNOME） 只是Ubuntu开发团队不再增加主题来支持GNOME新的GTK标题栏以及‘光主题’的模式对话框 + +California 在ubuntu系统上完全可用，恰巧运行在相似软件分发升级失败之后. 这个问题将不影响它们在ubuntu GNOME中的运行或第三方主题的切换 + + +### 在ubuntu14.04中安装California ### + +如果你掩饰先前的警告， 我们再次重声：California 尚未稳定，正处于积极的开发中. + +这个[Yorba Daily PPA][2] 包含最新(未稳定)的Shotwell和Geary版本. 将这个PPA安装到你的系统中将能够看到这些软件的更新. + + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yorba/daily-builds + sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install california + +可通过一个安全的方法来使用这个应用程序，便是[直接下载来自PPA的.deb安装包][3]: + +- [Download California for Ubuntu 14.04 (64bit)][4] +- [Download California for Ubuntu 14.04 (32bit)][5] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/california-calendar-app-hits-yorba-daily-ppa + +译者：[hunanchenxingyu](https://github.com/hunanchenxingyu) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/yorba-california-calendar-app-linux +[2]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/ +[3]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+packages +[4]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+files/california_0.1.0-0%7E188%7Eubuntu14.04.1_amd64.deb +[5]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+files/california_0.1.0-0%7E188%7Eubuntu14.04.1_i386.deb \ No newline at end of file From 66bdaef680f2365484c048e4fd0eb421e2d5118d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Cxy Date: Sun, 25 May 2014 16:24:43 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 261/601] Delete How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md --- ...alifornia' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md | 74 ------------------- 1 file changed, 74 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md diff --git a/translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md b/translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2c23ceb382..0000000000 --- a/translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,74 +0,0 @@ -Ubuntu 14.04上怎样安装‘California’ 日历应用 -================================================================================ -![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/california-calendar.jpg) - -**当非盈利软件安装Yorba时表明它开始用在被称为‘California’的桌面日历应用程序中，在上个月的 那段时间里我们都很兴奋，我们在自己的头条中进行了声明.** - -那是非常好的理由，Yorba在背后支撑着用户体验好的电子邮件客户端软件‘Geary’以及照片管理软件‘Shotwell’.期望他们能够自然的成为linux系统的主流软件. - -尽管 **California 尚未稳定** 到保证一个正式的发行版本，但现在将公司日常开发的PPA(Personal Package Archives)安装到ubuntu系统中是可使用的. - -### 迄今取得的进展 ### - -“*Neeeeeyaaaaaaaawwnnn!*” — 那是飞机即将降落在旧金山国际机场的一段警告声音. - -是的，California 正在积极的开发中，该软件没有完成，也没有稳定到满足任何人每天使用，但是 -如果你能够很聪明的处理一些bug的话，你能够在ubuntu 14.04上安装这款应用程序 - -是否这样做取决于你的需要. - -当前的构建提供了本地管理以及Google 日历和web日历的基本支持. 事件甚至在GNOME桌面 -的日期/时间小程序中显示. - -#### 自然语言输入 #### - -当你第一次打开California 软件时，当月的概要呈现在你的面前，目前还没有-至少我能够找到一种方法 -按星期，年，议程去查看. 尽管月份使用导航按钮，然而能够周期性的操作. - -通过点击工具栏中的日历图标创建新的日历（*e.g., ‘work‘, ‘pet schedule‘*）及打开/关闭. 当所有的日历都展现在主窗口时，每个日历分配的不同颜色能够带来视觉的区分. - -为了创建新的事件，点击‘+’图标, 然后在弹出的输入框中使用**自然语言输入**，输入你想要提交事件的描述. 例如, 输入内容“*Bake Sansa Stark A Lemon Cake on Wednesday 2.45 PM*”将嵌入新的条目在周三的这个时间(14:45). - -![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Screen-Shot-2014-05-15-at-21.26.20.png) - -我不能等待这个功能变得更加完善。现在，尽管它能够精准定位日期，但不支持经常性事件的创建 -（e.g., via “*Skype chat with Sam every Tuesday at 7 AM*“）也不能填写地点或人物（e.g., “*Coffee with Penelope on Monday 12 PM at Boston Tea Party*“）. - -为了能够更好的控制，你可以在网格视图上双击它们来完善和编辑创建好条目. 将打开一个包含附加字段、时间选择、日期格式等的窗口. - -#### 缺乏光芒 #### - -在外观上如果有一些缺陷被发现(这个阶段bugs和遗漏选项应该被忽略). 然而在 Adwaita看来已经很棒了，ubuntu默认主题下它看起来糟透了. - -这不是Yorba的错误（或GNOME） 只是Ubuntu开发团队不再增加主题来支持GNOME新的GTK标题栏以及‘光主题’的模式对话框 - -California 在ubuntu系统上完全可用，恰巧运行在相似软件分发升级失败之后. 这个问题将不影响它们在ubuntu GNOME中的运行或第三方主题的切换 - - -### 在ubuntu14.04中安装California ### - -如果你掩饰先前的警告， 我们再次重声：California 尚未稳定，正处于积极的开发中. - -这个[Yorba Daily PPA][2] 包含最新(未稳定)的Shotwell和Geary版本. 将这个PPA安装到你的系统中将能够看到这些软件的更新. - - sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yorba/daily-builds - sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install california - -可通过一个安全的方法来使用这个应用程序，便是[直接下载来自PPA的.deb安装包][3]: - -- [Download California for Ubuntu 14.04 (64bit)][4] -- [Download California for Ubuntu 14.04 (32bit)][5] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/california-calendar-app-hits-yorba-daily-ppa - -译者：[hunanchenxingyu](https://github.com/hunanchenxingyu) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/yorba-california-calendar-app-linux -[2]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/ -[3]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+packages -[4]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+files/california_0.1.0-0%7E188%7Eubuntu14.04.1_amd64.deb -[5]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+files/california_0.1.0-0%7E188%7Eubuntu14.04.1_i386.deb \ No newline at end of file From 836bf2079b8ece493e492c9ce99cd9b5e8b1f238 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: hunanchenxingyu Date: Sun, 25 May 2014 16:25:21 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 262/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90=20?= =?UTF-8?q?by=20hunanchenxingyu?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...alifornia' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md | 71 ------------------ ...alifornia' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md | 74 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 74 insertions(+), 71 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md diff --git a/sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 593854514b..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,71 +0,0 @@ -hunanchenxingyu translating .... -================================================================================ -How To Install ‘California’ Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04 -================================================================================ -![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/california-calendar.jpg) - -**When non-profit software outfit Yorba revealed that it had [begun work on a new desktop calendar app][1] called ‘California’ last month plenty of us were duly excited — “About time!“, we declared in our own headline. ** - -And for good reason as Yorba are the hands behind the user-friendly e-mail client ‘Geary‘ and slick photo management software ‘Shotwell‘. Expectations for their foray into Linux productivity software are, naturally, rather high. - -Although **California is not yet stable** enough to warrant a formal release it is now available to install on Ubuntu through the company’s daily development PPA. - -### Progress So Far ### - -“*Neeeeeyaaaaaaaawwnnn!*” — that’s the sound of the caveats plane coming in to land at San Francisco International Airport. - -Yes, California is in active development; it’s not finished nor is it stable enough for everyday use by everyday folk who might want to use it. But, if you’re clever enough to deal with a few bugs you can install the app on Ubuntu 14.04. - -Whether you should will depend on your needs. - -Current builds (i.e., at the time of writing) offers local management and basic support for Google Calendar and web cal (.ics). Events even show up in the GNOME Date/Time applet. - -#### Natural Language Input #### - -When first launching California you are presented with an overview of the current month. There is not yet — at least that I could find — a way to view by week, by year or by agenda. You can cycle though months using the navigation buttons, however. - -New calendars (*e.g., ‘work‘, ‘pet schedule‘*) can be created and toggled on/off by clicking the Calendar icon in the toolbar. Each calendar can be assigned a different colour to help visually differentiate between items when all are shown in the main overview. - -To create a new event click the ‘+’ icon and, using **natural language input** in the input box that appears, enter a description of the event you want to file. For example, enter the text “*Bake Sansa Stark A Lemon Cake on Wednesday 2.45 PM*” will lodge a new entry for the following Wednesday at the relevant time (14:45). - -![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Screen-Shot-2014-05-15-at-21.26.20.png) - -I can’t wait for this feature to become a bit more refined. Right now, while it accurately pinpoints dates (give or take) it doesn’t support creation of recurring events (e.g., via “*Skype chat with Sam every Tuesday at 7 AM*“) nor does it fill in locations or people (e.g., “*Coffee with Penelope on Monday 12 PM at Boston Tea Party*“). - -For greater control you can also refine and edit entries created by double-clicking on them in the grid view. This will open up a window with additional fields, time pickers, date forms and so on. - -#### Lacking In Radiance #### - -If there is a drawback to be found (bugs and missing options should be overlooked at this stage) it is appearance. While it looks fantastic under Adwaita, under Ubuntu’s default theme it looks atrocious. - -This is not the fault of Yorba (or GNOME) but Ubuntu’s design team who has yet to add theming support for GNOME’s new GTK Header Bars and its modal dialogs to its ‘light themes’. - -California is fully useable on Ubuntu it just happens to resemble software run in the aftermath of a failed distribution upgrade. This issue won’t affect those running Ubuntu GNOME or rocking modern third-party GTK3 themes. - -### Install California in Ubuntu 14.04 ### - -If you glossed over the warning earlier, I’ll repeat: California is unstable and in active development. - -The [Yorba Daily PPA][2] also contains newer (unstable) versions of Shotwell and Geary. Adding this PPA to your system will also see these upgraded. - - sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yorba/daily-builds - sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install california - -A safer way to try the app out is to [download the .deb installers from the PPA directly][3]: - -- [Download California for Ubuntu 14.04 (64bit)][4] -- [Download California for Ubuntu 14.04 (32bit)][5] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/california-calendar-app-hits-yorba-daily-ppa - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/yorba-california-calendar-app-linux -[2]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/ -[3]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+packages -[4]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+files/california_0.1.0-0%7E188%7Eubuntu14.04.1_amd64.deb -[5]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+files/california_0.1.0-0%7E188%7Eubuntu14.04.1_i386.deb \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md b/translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2c23ceb382 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +Ubuntu 14.04上怎样安装‘California’ 日历应用 +================================================================================ +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/california-calendar.jpg) + +**当非盈利软件安装Yorba时表明它开始用在被称为‘California’的桌面日历应用程序中，在上个月的 那段时间里我们都很兴奋，我们在自己的头条中进行了声明.** + +那是非常好的理由，Yorba在背后支撑着用户体验好的电子邮件客户端软件‘Geary’以及照片管理软件‘Shotwell’.期望他们能够自然的成为linux系统的主流软件. + +尽管 **California 尚未稳定** 到保证一个正式的发行版本，但现在将公司日常开发的PPA(Personal Package Archives)安装到ubuntu系统中是可使用的. + +### 迄今取得的进展 ### + +“*Neeeeeyaaaaaaaawwnnn!*” — 那是飞机即将降落在旧金山国际机场的一段警告声音. + +是的，California 正在积极的开发中，该软件没有完成，也没有稳定到满足任何人每天使用，但是 +如果你能够很聪明的处理一些bug的话，你能够在ubuntu 14.04上安装这款应用程序 + +是否这样做取决于你的需要. + +当前的构建提供了本地管理以及Google 日历和web日历的基本支持. 事件甚至在GNOME桌面 +的日期/时间小程序中显示. + +#### 自然语言输入 #### + +当你第一次打开California 软件时，当月的概要呈现在你的面前，目前还没有-至少我能够找到一种方法 +按星期，年，议程去查看. 尽管月份使用导航按钮，然而能够周期性的操作. + +通过点击工具栏中的日历图标创建新的日历（*e.g., ‘work‘, ‘pet schedule‘*）及打开/关闭. 当所有的日历都展现在主窗口时，每个日历分配的不同颜色能够带来视觉的区分. + +为了创建新的事件，点击‘+’图标, 然后在弹出的输入框中使用**自然语言输入**，输入你想要提交事件的描述. 例如, 输入内容“*Bake Sansa Stark A Lemon Cake on Wednesday 2.45 PM*”将嵌入新的条目在周三的这个时间(14:45). + +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Screen-Shot-2014-05-15-at-21.26.20.png) + +我不能等待这个功能变得更加完善。现在，尽管它能够精准定位日期，但不支持经常性事件的创建 +（e.g., via “*Skype chat with Sam every Tuesday at 7 AM*“）也不能填写地点或人物（e.g., “*Coffee with Penelope on Monday 12 PM at Boston Tea Party*“）. + +为了能够更好的控制，你可以在网格视图上双击它们来完善和编辑创建好条目. 将打开一个包含附加字段、时间选择、日期格式等的窗口. + +#### 缺乏光芒 #### + +在外观上如果有一些缺陷被发现(这个阶段bugs和遗漏选项应该被忽略). 然而在 Adwaita看来已经很棒了，ubuntu默认主题下它看起来糟透了. + +这不是Yorba的错误（或GNOME） 只是Ubuntu开发团队不再增加主题来支持GNOME新的GTK标题栏以及‘光主题’的模式对话框 + +California 在ubuntu系统上完全可用，恰巧运行在相似软件分发升级失败之后. 这个问题将不影响它们在ubuntu GNOME中的运行或第三方主题的切换 + + +### 在ubuntu14.04中安装California ### + +如果你掩饰先前的警告， 我们再次重声：California 尚未稳定，正处于积极的开发中. + +这个[Yorba Daily PPA][2] 包含最新(未稳定)的Shotwell和Geary版本. 将这个PPA安装到你的系统中将能够看到这些软件的更新. + + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yorba/daily-builds + sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install california + +可通过一个安全的方法来使用这个应用程序，便是[直接下载来自PPA的.deb安装包][3]: + +- [Download California for Ubuntu 14.04 (64bit)][4] +- [Download California for Ubuntu 14.04 (32bit)][5] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/california-calendar-app-hits-yorba-daily-ppa + +译者：[hunanchenxingyu](https://github.com/hunanchenxingyu) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/yorba-california-calendar-app-linux +[2]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/ +[3]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+packages +[4]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+files/california_0.1.0-0%7E188%7Eubuntu14.04.1_amd64.deb +[5]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+files/california_0.1.0-0%7E188%7Eubuntu14.04.1_i386.deb \ No newline at end of file From 745aad205a9f254cc18a53f7f8389d313a71c357 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: hunanchenxingyu Date: Sun, 25 May 2014 16:30:10 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 263/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BF=AE=E5=A4=8D=E4=B8=AD?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...alifornia' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md | 71 ++++++++++++++++++ ...alifornia' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md | 74 ------------------- 2 files changed, 71 insertions(+), 74 deletions(-) create mode 100644 sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md delete mode 100644 translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md diff --git a/sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..593854514b --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +hunanchenxingyu translating .... +================================================================================ +How To Install ‘California’ Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04 +================================================================================ +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/california-calendar.jpg) + +**When non-profit software outfit Yorba revealed that it had [begun work on a new desktop calendar app][1] called ‘California’ last month plenty of us were duly excited — “About time!“, we declared in our own headline. ** + +And for good reason as Yorba are the hands behind the user-friendly e-mail client ‘Geary‘ and slick photo management software ‘Shotwell‘. Expectations for their foray into Linux productivity software are, naturally, rather high. + +Although **California is not yet stable** enough to warrant a formal release it is now available to install on Ubuntu through the company’s daily development PPA. + +### Progress So Far ### + +“*Neeeeeyaaaaaaaawwnnn!*” — that’s the sound of the caveats plane coming in to land at San Francisco International Airport. + +Yes, California is in active development; it’s not finished nor is it stable enough for everyday use by everyday folk who might want to use it. But, if you’re clever enough to deal with a few bugs you can install the app on Ubuntu 14.04. + +Whether you should will depend on your needs. + +Current builds (i.e., at the time of writing) offers local management and basic support for Google Calendar and web cal (.ics). Events even show up in the GNOME Date/Time applet. + +#### Natural Language Input #### + +When first launching California you are presented with an overview of the current month. There is not yet — at least that I could find — a way to view by week, by year or by agenda. You can cycle though months using the navigation buttons, however. + +New calendars (*e.g., ‘work‘, ‘pet schedule‘*) can be created and toggled on/off by clicking the Calendar icon in the toolbar. Each calendar can be assigned a different colour to help visually differentiate between items when all are shown in the main overview. + +To create a new event click the ‘+’ icon and, using **natural language input** in the input box that appears, enter a description of the event you want to file. For example, enter the text “*Bake Sansa Stark A Lemon Cake on Wednesday 2.45 PM*” will lodge a new entry for the following Wednesday at the relevant time (14:45). + +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Screen-Shot-2014-05-15-at-21.26.20.png) + +I can’t wait for this feature to become a bit more refined. Right now, while it accurately pinpoints dates (give or take) it doesn’t support creation of recurring events (e.g., via “*Skype chat with Sam every Tuesday at 7 AM*“) nor does it fill in locations or people (e.g., “*Coffee with Penelope on Monday 12 PM at Boston Tea Party*“). + +For greater control you can also refine and edit entries created by double-clicking on them in the grid view. This will open up a window with additional fields, time pickers, date forms and so on. + +#### Lacking In Radiance #### + +If there is a drawback to be found (bugs and missing options should be overlooked at this stage) it is appearance. While it looks fantastic under Adwaita, under Ubuntu’s default theme it looks atrocious. + +This is not the fault of Yorba (or GNOME) but Ubuntu’s design team who has yet to add theming support for GNOME’s new GTK Header Bars and its modal dialogs to its ‘light themes’. + +California is fully useable on Ubuntu it just happens to resemble software run in the aftermath of a failed distribution upgrade. This issue won’t affect those running Ubuntu GNOME or rocking modern third-party GTK3 themes. + +### Install California in Ubuntu 14.04 ### + +If you glossed over the warning earlier, I’ll repeat: California is unstable and in active development. + +The [Yorba Daily PPA][2] also contains newer (unstable) versions of Shotwell and Geary. Adding this PPA to your system will also see these upgraded. + + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yorba/daily-builds + sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install california + +A safer way to try the app out is to [download the .deb installers from the PPA directly][3]: + +- [Download California for Ubuntu 14.04 (64bit)][4] +- [Download California for Ubuntu 14.04 (32bit)][5] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/california-calendar-app-hits-yorba-daily-ppa + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/yorba-california-calendar-app-linux +[2]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/ +[3]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+packages +[4]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+files/california_0.1.0-0%7E188%7Eubuntu14.04.1_amd64.deb +[5]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+files/california_0.1.0-0%7E188%7Eubuntu14.04.1_i386.deb \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md b/translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2c23ceb382..0000000000 --- a/translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,74 +0,0 @@ -Ubuntu 14.04上怎样安装‘California’ 日历应用 -================================================================================ -![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/california-calendar.jpg) - -**当非盈利软件安装Yorba时表明它开始用在被称为‘California’的桌面日历应用程序中，在上个月的 那段时间里我们都很兴奋，我们在自己的头条中进行了声明.** - -那是非常好的理由，Yorba在背后支撑着用户体验好的电子邮件客户端软件‘Geary’以及照片管理软件‘Shotwell’.期望他们能够自然的成为linux系统的主流软件. - -尽管 **California 尚未稳定** 到保证一个正式的发行版本，但现在将公司日常开发的PPA(Personal Package Archives)安装到ubuntu系统中是可使用的. - -### 迄今取得的进展 ### - -“*Neeeeeyaaaaaaaawwnnn!*” — 那是飞机即将降落在旧金山国际机场的一段警告声音. - -是的，California 正在积极的开发中，该软件没有完成，也没有稳定到满足任何人每天使用，但是 -如果你能够很聪明的处理一些bug的话，你能够在ubuntu 14.04上安装这款应用程序 - -是否这样做取决于你的需要. - -当前的构建提供了本地管理以及Google 日历和web日历的基本支持. 事件甚至在GNOME桌面 -的日期/时间小程序中显示. - -#### 自然语言输入 #### - -当你第一次打开California 软件时，当月的概要呈现在你的面前，目前还没有-至少我能够找到一种方法 -按星期，年，议程去查看. 尽管月份使用导航按钮，然而能够周期性的操作. - -通过点击工具栏中的日历图标创建新的日历（*e.g., ‘work‘, ‘pet schedule‘*）及打开/关闭. 当所有的日历都展现在主窗口时，每个日历分配的不同颜色能够带来视觉的区分. - -为了创建新的事件，点击‘+’图标, 然后在弹出的输入框中使用**自然语言输入**，输入你想要提交事件的描述. 例如, 输入内容“*Bake Sansa Stark A Lemon Cake on Wednesday 2.45 PM*”将嵌入新的条目在周三的这个时间(14:45). - -![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Screen-Shot-2014-05-15-at-21.26.20.png) - -我不能等待这个功能变得更加完善。现在，尽管它能够精准定位日期，但不支持经常性事件的创建 -（e.g., via “*Skype chat with Sam every Tuesday at 7 AM*“）也不能填写地点或人物（e.g., “*Coffee with Penelope on Monday 12 PM at Boston Tea Party*“）. - -为了能够更好的控制，你可以在网格视图上双击它们来完善和编辑创建好条目. 将打开一个包含附加字段、时间选择、日期格式等的窗口. - -#### 缺乏光芒 #### - -在外观上如果有一些缺陷被发现(这个阶段bugs和遗漏选项应该被忽略). 然而在 Adwaita看来已经很棒了，ubuntu默认主题下它看起来糟透了. - -这不是Yorba的错误（或GNOME） 只是Ubuntu开发团队不再增加主题来支持GNOME新的GTK标题栏以及‘光主题’的模式对话框 - -California 在ubuntu系统上完全可用，恰巧运行在相似软件分发升级失败之后. 这个问题将不影响它们在ubuntu GNOME中的运行或第三方主题的切换 - - -### 在ubuntu14.04中安装California ### - -如果你掩饰先前的警告， 我们再次重声：California 尚未稳定，正处于积极的开发中. - -这个[Yorba Daily PPA][2] 包含最新(未稳定)的Shotwell和Geary版本. 将这个PPA安装到你的系统中将能够看到这些软件的更新. - - sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yorba/daily-builds - sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install california - -可通过一个安全的方法来使用这个应用程序，便是[直接下载来自PPA的.deb安装包][3]: - -- [Download California for Ubuntu 14.04 (64bit)][4] -- [Download California for Ubuntu 14.04 (32bit)][5] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/california-calendar-app-hits-yorba-daily-ppa - -译者：[hunanchenxingyu](https://github.com/hunanchenxingyu) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/yorba-california-calendar-app-linux -[2]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/ -[3]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+packages -[4]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+files/california_0.1.0-0%7E188%7Eubuntu14.04.1_amd64.deb -[5]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+files/california_0.1.0-0%7E188%7Eubuntu14.04.1_i386.deb \ No newline at end of file From ac845ba5deb3c18c74bff20c22a8da3aadd9f20b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: hunanchenxingyu Date: Sun, 25 May 2014 16:32:56 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 264/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90=20?= =?UTF-8?q?by=20huanchenxingyu?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...alifornia' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md | 71 ------------------ ...alifornia' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md | 74 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 74 insertions(+), 71 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md diff --git a/sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 593854514b..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,71 +0,0 @@ -hunanchenxingyu translating .... -================================================================================ -How To Install ‘California’ Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04 -================================================================================ -![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/california-calendar.jpg) - -**When non-profit software outfit Yorba revealed that it had [begun work on a new desktop calendar app][1] called ‘California’ last month plenty of us were duly excited — “About time!“, we declared in our own headline. ** - -And for good reason as Yorba are the hands behind the user-friendly e-mail client ‘Geary‘ and slick photo management software ‘Shotwell‘. Expectations for their foray into Linux productivity software are, naturally, rather high. - -Although **California is not yet stable** enough to warrant a formal release it is now available to install on Ubuntu through the company’s daily development PPA. - -### Progress So Far ### - -“*Neeeeeyaaaaaaaawwnnn!*” — that’s the sound of the caveats plane coming in to land at San Francisco International Airport. - -Yes, California is in active development; it’s not finished nor is it stable enough for everyday use by everyday folk who might want to use it. But, if you’re clever enough to deal with a few bugs you can install the app on Ubuntu 14.04. - -Whether you should will depend on your needs. - -Current builds (i.e., at the time of writing) offers local management and basic support for Google Calendar and web cal (.ics). Events even show up in the GNOME Date/Time applet. - -#### Natural Language Input #### - -When first launching California you are presented with an overview of the current month. There is not yet — at least that I could find — a way to view by week, by year or by agenda. You can cycle though months using the navigation buttons, however. - -New calendars (*e.g., ‘work‘, ‘pet schedule‘*) can be created and toggled on/off by clicking the Calendar icon in the toolbar. Each calendar can be assigned a different colour to help visually differentiate between items when all are shown in the main overview. - -To create a new event click the ‘+’ icon and, using **natural language input** in the input box that appears, enter a description of the event you want to file. For example, enter the text “*Bake Sansa Stark A Lemon Cake on Wednesday 2.45 PM*” will lodge a new entry for the following Wednesday at the relevant time (14:45). - -![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Screen-Shot-2014-05-15-at-21.26.20.png) - -I can’t wait for this feature to become a bit more refined. Right now, while it accurately pinpoints dates (give or take) it doesn’t support creation of recurring events (e.g., via “*Skype chat with Sam every Tuesday at 7 AM*“) nor does it fill in locations or people (e.g., “*Coffee with Penelope on Monday 12 PM at Boston Tea Party*“). - -For greater control you can also refine and edit entries created by double-clicking on them in the grid view. This will open up a window with additional fields, time pickers, date forms and so on. - -#### Lacking In Radiance #### - -If there is a drawback to be found (bugs and missing options should be overlooked at this stage) it is appearance. While it looks fantastic under Adwaita, under Ubuntu’s default theme it looks atrocious. - -This is not the fault of Yorba (or GNOME) but Ubuntu’s design team who has yet to add theming support for GNOME’s new GTK Header Bars and its modal dialogs to its ‘light themes’. - -California is fully useable on Ubuntu it just happens to resemble software run in the aftermath of a failed distribution upgrade. This issue won’t affect those running Ubuntu GNOME or rocking modern third-party GTK3 themes. - -### Install California in Ubuntu 14.04 ### - -If you glossed over the warning earlier, I’ll repeat: California is unstable and in active development. - -The [Yorba Daily PPA][2] also contains newer (unstable) versions of Shotwell and Geary. Adding this PPA to your system will also see these upgraded. - - sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yorba/daily-builds - sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install california - -A safer way to try the app out is to [download the .deb installers from the PPA directly][3]: - -- [Download California for Ubuntu 14.04 (64bit)][4] -- [Download California for Ubuntu 14.04 (32bit)][5] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/california-calendar-app-hits-yorba-daily-ppa - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/yorba-california-calendar-app-linux -[2]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/ -[3]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+packages -[4]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+files/california_0.1.0-0%7E188%7Eubuntu14.04.1_amd64.deb -[5]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+files/california_0.1.0-0%7E188%7Eubuntu14.04.1_i386.deb \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md b/translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2c23ceb382 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +Ubuntu 14.04上怎样安装‘California’ 日历应用 +================================================================================ +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/california-calendar.jpg) + +**当非盈利软件安装Yorba时表明它开始用在被称为‘California’的桌面日历应用程序中，在上个月的 那段时间里我们都很兴奋，我们在自己的头条中进行了声明.** + +那是非常好的理由，Yorba在背后支撑着用户体验好的电子邮件客户端软件‘Geary’以及照片管理软件‘Shotwell’.期望他们能够自然的成为linux系统的主流软件. + +尽管 **California 尚未稳定** 到保证一个正式的发行版本，但现在将公司日常开发的PPA(Personal Package Archives)安装到ubuntu系统中是可使用的. + +### 迄今取得的进展 ### + +“*Neeeeeyaaaaaaaawwnnn!*” — 那是飞机即将降落在旧金山国际机场的一段警告声音. + +是的，California 正在积极的开发中，该软件没有完成，也没有稳定到满足任何人每天使用，但是 +如果你能够很聪明的处理一些bug的话，你能够在ubuntu 14.04上安装这款应用程序 + +是否这样做取决于你的需要. + +当前的构建提供了本地管理以及Google 日历和web日历的基本支持. 事件甚至在GNOME桌面 +的日期/时间小程序中显示. + +#### 自然语言输入 #### + +当你第一次打开California 软件时，当月的概要呈现在你的面前，目前还没有-至少我能够找到一种方法 +按星期，年，议程去查看. 尽管月份使用导航按钮，然而能够周期性的操作. + +通过点击工具栏中的日历图标创建新的日历（*e.g., ‘work‘, ‘pet schedule‘*）及打开/关闭. 当所有的日历都展现在主窗口时，每个日历分配的不同颜色能够带来视觉的区分. + +为了创建新的事件，点击‘+’图标, 然后在弹出的输入框中使用**自然语言输入**，输入你想要提交事件的描述. 例如, 输入内容“*Bake Sansa Stark A Lemon Cake on Wednesday 2.45 PM*”将嵌入新的条目在周三的这个时间(14:45). + +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Screen-Shot-2014-05-15-at-21.26.20.png) + +我不能等待这个功能变得更加完善。现在，尽管它能够精准定位日期，但不支持经常性事件的创建 +（e.g., via “*Skype chat with Sam every Tuesday at 7 AM*“）也不能填写地点或人物（e.g., “*Coffee with Penelope on Monday 12 PM at Boston Tea Party*“）. + +为了能够更好的控制，你可以在网格视图上双击它们来完善和编辑创建好条目. 将打开一个包含附加字段、时间选择、日期格式等的窗口. + +#### 缺乏光芒 #### + +在外观上如果有一些缺陷被发现(这个阶段bugs和遗漏选项应该被忽略). 然而在 Adwaita看来已经很棒了，ubuntu默认主题下它看起来糟透了. + +这不是Yorba的错误（或GNOME） 只是Ubuntu开发团队不再增加主题来支持GNOME新的GTK标题栏以及‘光主题’的模式对话框 + +California 在ubuntu系统上完全可用，恰巧运行在相似软件分发升级失败之后. 这个问题将不影响它们在ubuntu GNOME中的运行或第三方主题的切换 + + +### 在ubuntu14.04中安装California ### + +如果你掩饰先前的警告， 我们再次重声：California 尚未稳定，正处于积极的开发中. + +这个[Yorba Daily PPA][2] 包含最新(未稳定)的Shotwell和Geary版本. 将这个PPA安装到你的系统中将能够看到这些软件的更新. + + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yorba/daily-builds + sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install california + +可通过一个安全的方法来使用这个应用程序，便是[直接下载来自PPA的.deb安装包][3]: + +- [Download California for Ubuntu 14.04 (64bit)][4] +- [Download California for Ubuntu 14.04 (32bit)][5] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/california-calendar-app-hits-yorba-daily-ppa + +译者：[hunanchenxingyu](https://github.com/hunanchenxingyu) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/yorba-california-calendar-app-linux +[2]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/ +[3]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+packages +[4]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+files/california_0.1.0-0%7E188%7Eubuntu14.04.1_amd64.deb +[5]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+files/california_0.1.0-0%7E188%7Eubuntu14.04.1_i386.deb \ No newline at end of file From b71535d15771e217a695662c1374cb7bf8372e44 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: hunanchenxingyu Date: Sun, 25 May 2014 16:35:26 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 265/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90=20?= =?UTF-8?q?by=20hunanchenxingyu?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...alifornia' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md | 74 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 74 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md diff --git a/translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md b/translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2c23ceb382 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +Ubuntu 14.04上怎样安装‘California’ 日历应用 +================================================================================ +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/california-calendar.jpg) + +**当非盈利软件安装Yorba时表明它开始用在被称为‘California’的桌面日历应用程序中，在上个月的 那段时间里我们都很兴奋，我们在自己的头条中进行了声明.** + +那是非常好的理由，Yorba在背后支撑着用户体验好的电子邮件客户端软件‘Geary’以及照片管理软件‘Shotwell’.期望他们能够自然的成为linux系统的主流软件. + +尽管 **California 尚未稳定** 到保证一个正式的发行版本，但现在将公司日常开发的PPA(Personal Package Archives)安装到ubuntu系统中是可使用的. + +### 迄今取得的进展 ### + +“*Neeeeeyaaaaaaaawwnnn!*” — 那是飞机即将降落在旧金山国际机场的一段警告声音. + +是的，California 正在积极的开发中，该软件没有完成，也没有稳定到满足任何人每天使用，但是 +如果你能够很聪明的处理一些bug的话，你能够在ubuntu 14.04上安装这款应用程序 + +是否这样做取决于你的需要. + +当前的构建提供了本地管理以及Google 日历和web日历的基本支持. 事件甚至在GNOME桌面 +的日期/时间小程序中显示. + +#### 自然语言输入 #### + +当你第一次打开California 软件时，当月的概要呈现在你的面前，目前还没有-至少我能够找到一种方法 +按星期，年，议程去查看. 尽管月份使用导航按钮，然而能够周期性的操作. + +通过点击工具栏中的日历图标创建新的日历（*e.g., ‘work‘, ‘pet schedule‘*）及打开/关闭. 当所有的日历都展现在主窗口时，每个日历分配的不同颜色能够带来视觉的区分. + +为了创建新的事件，点击‘+’图标, 然后在弹出的输入框中使用**自然语言输入**，输入你想要提交事件的描述. 例如, 输入内容“*Bake Sansa Stark A Lemon Cake on Wednesday 2.45 PM*”将嵌入新的条目在周三的这个时间(14:45). + +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Screen-Shot-2014-05-15-at-21.26.20.png) + +我不能等待这个功能变得更加完善。现在，尽管它能够精准定位日期，但不支持经常性事件的创建 +（e.g., via “*Skype chat with Sam every Tuesday at 7 AM*“）也不能填写地点或人物（e.g., “*Coffee with Penelope on Monday 12 PM at Boston Tea Party*“）. + +为了能够更好的控制，你可以在网格视图上双击它们来完善和编辑创建好条目. 将打开一个包含附加字段、时间选择、日期格式等的窗口. + +#### 缺乏光芒 #### + +在外观上如果有一些缺陷被发现(这个阶段bugs和遗漏选项应该被忽略). 然而在 Adwaita看来已经很棒了，ubuntu默认主题下它看起来糟透了. + +这不是Yorba的错误（或GNOME） 只是Ubuntu开发团队不再增加主题来支持GNOME新的GTK标题栏以及‘光主题’的模式对话框 + +California 在ubuntu系统上完全可用，恰巧运行在相似软件分发升级失败之后. 这个问题将不影响它们在ubuntu GNOME中的运行或第三方主题的切换 + + +### 在ubuntu14.04中安装California ### + +如果你掩饰先前的警告， 我们再次重声：California 尚未稳定，正处于积极的开发中. + +这个[Yorba Daily PPA][2] 包含最新(未稳定)的Shotwell和Geary版本. 将这个PPA安装到你的系统中将能够看到这些软件的更新. + + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yorba/daily-builds + sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install california + +可通过一个安全的方法来使用这个应用程序，便是[直接下载来自PPA的.deb安装包][3]: + +- [Download California for Ubuntu 14.04 (64bit)][4] +- [Download California for Ubuntu 14.04 (32bit)][5] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/california-calendar-app-hits-yorba-daily-ppa + +译者：[hunanchenxingyu](https://github.com/hunanchenxingyu) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/yorba-california-calendar-app-linux +[2]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/ +[3]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+packages +[4]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+files/california_0.1.0-0%7E188%7Eubuntu14.04.1_amd64.deb +[5]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+files/california_0.1.0-0%7E188%7Eubuntu14.04.1_i386.deb \ No newline at end of file From b7abd4822b642a3000f1242cada4762445697094 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "491586629@qq.com" <491586629@qq.com> Date: Sun, 25 May 2014 21:07:29 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 266/601] translated --- _.swp | Bin 0 -> 12288 bytes ...pose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md | 28 ------------------ ...pose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md | 27 +++++++++++++++++ 3 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-) create mode 100644 _.swp delete mode 100644 sources/news/Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md create mode 100644 translated/news/Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md diff --git a/_.swp b/_.swp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b10036c3e0a654c86a3da37a5fb7f188cd297df4 GIT binary patch literal 12288 zcmeI%y9&ZE6oBDVM;Ap`hpMyETEV$Pg@PAQt8=AG!5cO2>|@kK5gfWUUH-sHLK1Qg z-H~cZl}UGMsN$6(?9i0D literal 0 HcmV?d00001 diff --git a/sources/news/Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md b/sources/news/Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md deleted file mode 100644 index c370084873..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,28 +0,0 @@ -Ubuntu又整幺蛾子 -Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8 -================================================================================ -![Current Unity 7 desktop in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-Developers-Propose-a-New-Flavor-Based-Only-on-Unity-8-442262-2.jpg) - -**Ubuntu developers have proposed to make a new flavor built solely with the Unity 8 environment that would help them freely experiment without having to worry about the stable part of the operating system.** - -Users can now install a preview of the Unity 8 desktop environment in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS and run it there if they meet certain requirements. For now, the new desktop will not work with proprietary drivers because it also relies on Mir, which is not yet supported officially by NVIDIA and AMD. - -In any case, having a new Ubuntu flavor would greatly help developers test their ideas in a fresh ecosystem that is easy to run from a USB stick and that already features most of the ported applications. - -“The desktop team would like to add a new flavour (ish, we don't plan to have any formal releases at this point) of Ubuntu which contains the Unity 8 desktop and the new applications which have been developed for the touch project. The initial intention is to provide a product which developers can use to figure out the work that's required to make a desktop product based on this software usable, and to create a space for experimentation to figure out the best ways of carrying out the required integration.” - -“We still plan to migrate pieces of the current desktop over, but we are very mindful of the need to not destabilise the desktop and upset its users, and are hopeful that developing this flavour in parallel will mean that migrations will truly happen when software is ready instead of as a result of pressure to get work into the hands of users early,” said Ubuntu developer Iain Lane. - -Ubuntu 14.04 LTS is now using Unity 7 and it will probably remain in place as default at least for the next Ubuntu 14.10. The goal of the Ubuntu developers is to make Unity 8 and Mir default by Ubuntu 16.04, which is the next LTS, but if things progress smoothly, we might get to see a better implementation sooner than that. - -It's unclear what the name of this new flavor would be, but if the proposition goes through, we might get an ISO in the next few months. This would make it easier for users to test the Unity 8 and get a feel for it before it becomes default. - -When Canonical replaced the old GNOME 2 with Unity, the shock of the switch was so great that even today it's being mentioned from time to time in the community. Having a dedicated Unity 8 flavor might alleviate some of those problems. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-Developers-Propose-a-New-Flavor-Based-Only-on-Unity-8-442262.shtml - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/news/Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md b/translated/news/Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0b7b6181b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +Ubuntu 的开发者声明将开发一个仅基于 Unity 8的新风格 +================================================================================ +![Current Unity 7 desktop in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-Developers-Propose-a-New-Flavor-Based-Only-on-Unity-8-442262-2.jpg) + +**Ubuntu 的开发者提出将开发一个单独使用 Unity 8的新风格，以帮助他们自由的实验而不必担心操作系统的稳定性。** + +用户现在可以下载安装一个 Unity 8 的预览版了，如果用的是 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 并且满足安装需要的话。现在，新的桌面已经还不能在旧的驱动环境下运行因为它还需要依赖于 Mir，而这玩意儿还没有获得 NVIDIA 和 AMD 的官方支持。 + +在任何情况下，有一个新的 Ubuntu 风格对于开发者在新的生态环境中测试他们的创意都会有巨大的帮助而且从　USB Stick 里启动十分方便还能体验大多数的移植性应用。In any case, having a new Ubuntu flavor would greatly help developers test their ideas in a fresh ecosystem that is easy to run from a USB stick and that already features most of the ported applications. + +“The桌面环境开发组很希望为 Ubuntu 增加一个新的风格（嘘~，我们不是计划现在就发型一个正式的版本） ，这个风格将包括为触屏项目开发的Unity 8桌面和新的应用。最初的意图是提供一个产品使得开发人员可以在做一个基于该软件的桌面产品的时候可以计算出所需要的的工作量，并建立一个可以由实验来找出所需的最佳结合方式的空间。” + +“我们仍将计划迁移现有的桌面碎片，但是我们不希望给用户带来不安稳和造成不便，而且希望并行的发展这个新风格可以使我们真正实现在软件已经准备就绪的时候迁移而不是迫于用户早期获得成果的压力进行迁移工作。” Ubuntu 的开发者 Iain Lane说。 + +Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 现在默认使用 Unity 7而且可能这至少将持续到下一个版本 Ubuntu 14.10。Ubuntu 开发者的目标是最迟在 下一个 LTS Ubuntu 16.04 使得 Unity 8 和 Mir 成为默认的配置，但是如果事情进展的顺利，我们可能会在此之前就看到一个更好的成功。 + +这个新风格的名字是什么还不清楚，但是如果地位确定的话，我们可能在接下来的几个月就可以获取一个ISO文件。这将会使得用户更容易地测试 Unity 8 而且可以在它成为默认配置之前感觉一把。 + +当 Canonical 用Unity替换旧的 GNOME 2 的时候，这个转换引起的震动是如此之大，以至于直到今天在论坛中还时不时的被人提及。有一个专门的 Unity 8 风格可能会缓解这个问题。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-Developers-Propose-a-New-Flavor-Based-Only-on-Unity-8-442262.shtml + +译者：[crowner](https://github.com/crowner) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file From 7e99fb38da1036cfa70de6bf50f993f4d207e5bc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: crowner Date: Sun, 25 May 2014 21:09:34 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 267/601] Update Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md --- ...u Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/news/Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md b/translated/news/Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md index 0b7b6181b0..2e704fad1a 100644 --- a/translated/news/Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md +++ b/translated/news/Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Ubuntu 的开发者声明将开发一个仅基于 Unity 8的新风格 用户现在可以下载安装一个 Unity 8 的预览版了，如果用的是 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 并且满足安装需要的话。现在，新的桌面已经还不能在旧的驱动环境下运行因为它还需要依赖于 Mir，而这玩意儿还没有获得 NVIDIA 和 AMD 的官方支持。 -在任何情况下，有一个新的 Ubuntu 风格对于开发者在新的生态环境中测试他们的创意都会有巨大的帮助而且从　USB Stick 里启动十分方便还能体验大多数的移植性应用。In any case, having a new Ubuntu flavor would greatly help developers test their ideas in a fresh ecosystem that is easy to run from a USB stick and that already features most of the ported applications. +在任何情况下，有一个新的 Ubuntu 风格对于开发者在新的生态环境中测试他们的创意都会有巨大的帮助而且从　USB Stick 里启动十分方便还能体验大多数的移植性应用。 “The桌面环境开发组很希望为 Ubuntu 增加一个新的风格（嘘~，我们不是计划现在就发型一个正式的版本） ，这个风格将包括为触屏项目开发的Unity 8桌面和新的应用。最初的意图是提供一个产品使得开发人员可以在做一个基于该软件的桌面产品的时候可以计算出所需要的的工作量，并建立一个可以由实验来找出所需的最佳结合方式的空间。” @@ -24,4 +24,4 @@ via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-Developers-Propose-a-New-Flavor-Based 译者：[crowner](https://github.com/crowner) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 2a0482a2ac2c913870231d6b10e48ac0261c696b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sun, 25 May 2014 22:05:36 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 268/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9ABattleBlock?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Theater=20Now=20Rules=20the=20Steam=20for=20Linux=20Best-Sel?= =?UTF-8?q?ling=20List?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md | 10 +++++----- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) rename {translated/news => published}/BattleBlock Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md (74%) diff --git a/translated/news/BattleBlock Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md b/published/BattleBlock Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md similarity index 74% rename from translated/news/BattleBlock Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md rename to published/BattleBlock Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md index 728c1523c3..ffd7ba4315 100644 --- a/translated/news/BattleBlock Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md +++ b/published/BattleBlock Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -战斗砖块剧场占领Steam for Linux最畅销名单第一位 +“战斗砖块剧场”占据了 Steam 上 Linux游戏排行榜首位 ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/BattleBlock-Theater-Now-Rules-the-Steam-for-Linux-Best-Selling-List-442722-2.jpg) @@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ **求生之路2** ， Valve开发的多人合作第一人称射击游戏，仍然是Linux平台最好的游戏之一，位于第六位。 -**星界边境Starbound** ，呵呵鱼工作室开发的一款程序生成冒险类游戏，游戏中玩家玩家扮演了一个逃离了自己星球而只能紧急降落在其他星球的角色，游戏在第五位。这个游戏仍然在开发中，在游戏完成之前就有人买的事实说明了游戏的质量。 +**星界边境 Starbound** ，呵呵鱼工作室开发的一款程序生成冒险类游戏，游戏中玩家玩家扮演了一个逃离了自己星球而只能紧急降落在其他星球的角色，游戏在第五位。这个游戏仍然在开发中，在游戏完成之前就有人买的事实说明了游戏的质量。 **坎巴拉太空计划** ，一个多类型玩法的游戏，游戏中玩家必须要创建自己的太空项目而且要在不杀死宇航员的情况下发射成功，游戏现在在第四位。 -**盖瑞模组Garry's Mod**, 一个物理沙箱，就其本身而言它甚至不算是个游戏，它存在于第三空间，如果我们想想它的话它确实很奇怪。游戏没有单独的玩家战争，但玩家有完全的自由。 +**盖瑞模组 Garry's Mod**, 一个物理沙箱，就其本身而言它甚至不算是个游戏，它存在于第三空间，如果我们想想它的话它确实很奇怪。游戏没有单独的玩家战争，但玩家有完全的自由。 -**Rust腐蚀**, 一款第一人称生存游戏，游戏背景发生在一个持久的宇宙中，游戏不再是第一位，但第二位也不是那么糟糕。游戏仍在开发中，没有迹象表明多会儿会发布最终版本。 +**腐蚀Rust**, 一款第一人称生存游戏，游戏背景发生在一个持久的宇宙中，游戏不再是第一位，但第二位也不是那么糟糕。游戏仍在开发中，没有迹象表明多会儿会发布最终版本。 Steam for Linux的最畅名单中位于第一位是新领主，叫做 **战斗砖块剧场** 。这是一款由The Behemoth创作并发布的2D战斗平台游戏，游戏特点是有趣的关卡设计和漂亮的图案。 @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ Steam for Linux的最畅名单中位于第一位是新领主，叫做 **战斗 via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/BattleBlock-Theater-Now-Rules-the-Steam-for-Linux-Best-Selling-List-442722.shtml -译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 944e067c5e09a5e62cca269b8f9e1624420661bd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: disylee Date: Mon, 26 May 2014 00:59:53 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 269/601] Translated -by disylee 2014/5/26 --- .../Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md | 121 --------------- .../Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md | 142 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 142 insertions(+), 121 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md diff --git a/sources/tech/Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md b/sources/tech/Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5e2ec8ae48..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,121 +0,0 @@ -disylee占个坑，周末做2014/5/22 -Linux Terminal: Dstat monitoring tools -================================================================================ -Dstat is a versatile replacement for vmstat, iostat, netstat and ifstat. Dstat overcomes some of their limitations and adds some extra features, more counters and flexibility. Dstat is handy for monitoring systems during performance tuning tests, benchmarks or troubleshooting. - -Dstat allows you to view all of your system resources in real-time, you can eg. compare disk utilization in combination with interrupts from your IDE controller, or compare the [network bandwidth][1] numbers directly with the disk throughput (in the same interval). - -Dstat gives you detailed selective information in columns and clearly indicates in what magnitude and unit the output is displayed. Less confusion, less mistakes. And most importantly, it makes it very easy to write plugins to collect your own counters and extend in ways you never expected. - -Dstat’s output by default is designed for being interpreted by humans in real-time, however you can export details to CSV output to a file to be imported later into Gnumeric or Excel to generate graphs. - -### Features ### - -- Combines vmstat, iostat, ifstat, netstat information and more -- Shows stats in exactly the same timeframe -- Enable/order counters as they make most sense during analysis/troubleshooting -- Modular design -- Written in python so easily extendable for the task at hand -- Easy to extend, add your own counters (please contribute those) -- Includes many external plugins to show how easy it is to add counters -- Can summarize grouped block/network devices and give total numbers -- Can show interrupts per device -- Very accurate timeframes, no timeshifts when system is stressed -- Shows exact units and limits conversion mistakes -- Indicate different units with different colors -- Show intermediate results when delay > 1 -- Allows to export CSV output, which can be imported in Gnumeric and Excel to make graphs - -### Installation ### - -Ubuntu/Mint and Debian: -The package it’s available on the repository, so you can easily install it with the command: - - # sudo apt-get install dstat - -RHEL/Centos and Fedora: - -The package it’s available in the rpmforge repository, so you can add it, see [this guide][2], and after that install it easily with the command: - - # yum install dstat - -ArchLinux: -The package it’s available in the community repository, so it can be easily installed with the command: - - # pacman -S dstat - -### Usage ### - -The basic usage of dstat it’s just the command dstat that produces an output like this one: - -![](http://cdn.linuxaria.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/dstat.png) - -The default will show you these information: - -**CPU stats**: What percentage of the CPU is in use. The more interesting sections of this report are user, system, and idle, which should break down most of the current CPU use. If you see high CPU use in the “wait” column there might be a problem elsewhere in the system. When a cpu “waits” it’s because it’s expecting a response from an I/O device (like memory, disk, or network) and hasn’t received it yet. - -**Disk stats**: Read and write activity to disks, this is the total for all of your disks. - -**Net stats**: Data sent and received on network devices, this is the total of all of your network devices. - -**Paging stats**: Paging activity on the system. Paging refers to a memory management technique used behind the scenes on your system. A high level of paging can indicate that the system is using a lot of swap space, or it could mean that memory is very fragmented, in general you want to see 0 0 for pages/in page/out. - -**System stats**: This shows interrupts (int) and context switches (csw). These stats are usually only useful if you have a baseline to compare them to. Higher stats in these columns usually indicate a large number of processes jostling for the CPU’s attention. Since your server is likely running many processes by default, there will always be some numbers there. - -By default dstat reports new figures every second. To quit dstat you can use “control-C”. -Note that the first line of the report is typically going to show nothing for all stats. -That’s because dstat operates by summarizing what it saw since its last report. When it first runs there’s no data to average or sum. - -It’s possible to control the delay between reports and the number of reports dstat will output in a run by passing 2 options. As example if you want dstat to run with default stats, wait 3 seconds between reports, and only report 10 results, you could run: - - dstat 3 10 - -In dstat there are a lot of options, you can see all with the command man dstat, some of the most useful parameters are: - -- -l = shows load statistics -- -m = shows the memory usage (used, buffer, cache, free) -- -r = displays I/O statistics, -- -s = shows the swap usage -- -t = puts the current time in the first column -- –fs = displays file system stats (includes amount of files and used inodes) -- –nocolor = sometimes very useful… -- –socket = shows interesting network statistics -- –tcp = displays common TCP stats -- –udp = shows you the listen and active figures for the UDP usage - -And that’s not all, dstat ships with a number of **plugins** that extend its capabilities greatly. It’s possible to check the directory /usr/share/dstat in order to view a list of them. Some of the most useful are: - -- –disk-util = shows how much the disks are busy at the moment -- –freespace = shows the current disk usage -- –proc-count = displays the number of running processes -- –top-bio = points to the most expensive block I/O process -- –top-cpu = draws the attention on the most expensive CPU process -- –top-io = shows the most expensive “normal” I/O process -- –top-mem = displays the process using the most memory - -Some examples: - -To see who is eating all the memory: - - dstat -g -l -m -s --top-mem - -To shows some stats about the CPU resource consumption: - - dstat -c -y -l --proc-count --top-cpu - -#### How to send to a csv file #### - -To send the output to a csv file for later use we can issue the following command: - - # dstat –output /tmp/sampleoutput.csv -cdn - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://linuxaria.com/howto/linux-terminal-dstat-monitoring-tools - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://linuxaria.com/tag/network -[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/install-and-enable-rpmforge-repository-in-rhel-centos-6-5-4/ diff --git a/translated/tech/Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md b/translated/tech/Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c7b9b751af --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md @@ -0,0 +1,142 @@ + + +Linux终端：Dstat监控工具 +================================================================================ + +Dstat 是一个可以取代vmstat，iostat，netstat和ifstat这些命令的多功能产品。Dstat克服了这些命令的局限并增加了一些另外的功能，比如增加了运算能力和变得更灵活了。Dstat在很方便监控系统运行状况并用于基准测试和排除故障。 + + +Dstat可以让你实时地看到所有系统资源，例如，你能够通过中断IDE控制器来比较磁盘利用率，或者直接通过网络带宽数来比较磁盘的吞吐率（在相同的时间间隔内）。 + +Dstat将以列表的形式为你提供选项信息并清晰地告诉你是在何种幅度和单位显示输出。这样更好地避免了信息混乱和误报。更重要的是，它让你更方便写插件来收集你想要的数据信息，并且这种方式会令你意想不到。 + + +Dstat的默认输出是专门为人们实时解释而设计的，然而你却可以将详细信息通过CSV输出到一个文件或导入到Gnumeric或者Excel生成表格。 + + +###特征### + + +- 结合了vmstat，iostat，ifstat，netstat等信息 +- 实时显示统计情况 +- 运算结果在分析和排障时具有重要意义 +- 模块化设计 +- 使用python编写的，更方便扩展现有的工作任务 +- 容易扩展和添加你的计数器（请为此做出贡献） +- 包含了许多扩展插件以方便添加计数器 +- 分组统计节点/网络设备总数 +- 显示每台设备说明 +- 极准确的时间帧，当系统负荷时不存在时间差 +- 显示准确地单位和限制转换过程中产生的错误 +- 用不同的颜色显示不同的单元内容 +- 显示中间结果延时小于1秒 +- 支持输出CSV格式报表，并能导入到Gnumeric和Excel生成表格 + +### 安装方法 ### + +Ubuntu/Mint和Debin系统： +本地软件库中有相关安装包，你可以用下面命令安装： + + + # sudo apt-get install dstat + + +RHEL/Centos和Fedora系统: +你可以在romforge软件库中添加有相关安装包，参照[2】指导后，使用命令很简单就能进行安装： + # yum install dstat + +ArchLinux系统： + +相关软件包在社区资源库中，你可以用这个命令来安装： + + # pacman -S dstat + + +###使用方法 ### + + +dstat的基本用法只是用dstat命令就会像这样输出： +![](http://cdn.linuxaria.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/dstat.png) + + +这是默认输出显示的信息： + + +CPU状态：CPU的使用率。这项报告更有趣的部分是显示了用户，系统，和空闲，这更好地分析了CPU当前的使用状况。如果你看到"wait"一栏中，CPU的状态是一个高使用率值，那说明系统存在一些其它问题。当CPU的状态在"waits"时，那是因为它正在等待I/O设备（例如内存，磁盘或者网络）的响应而且还没有收到。 + + +**磁盘统计**：磁盘的读写操作，这一栏显示磁盘的读写总数。 + + +**网络统计**：网络设备发送和接受的数据，这一栏显示的网络收发数据的总数。 + + +**分页统计**：系统的分页活动。分页指的是一种内存管理技术用于查找系统场景，一个高水平的分页表明系统正在使用大量的交换空间，或者说内存非常分散，大多数情况下你都希望看到page in和page out的值是0 0。 + +**系统统计**：这一项显示的是中断（int）和文本转换（csw）。如果你需要一个基线来比较他们的话，这项统计通常是唯一有用的。这一栏中较高的统计值通常表示大量的进程造成拥塞，需要对CPU进行关注。当你的服务器默认情况下正在运行一些程序时，那一项将会显示一些数值。 + + +默认情况下，dstat每秒都会刷新数据。如果想退出dstat，你可以按"control-C"键。 + +需要注意的是报告的第一行通常所有统计都不显示数值的。 + + +这是由于dstat会通过上一次的报告来给出一个总结。所以第一次运行时是没有平均值和总值的相关数据。 + +但是dstat可以通过传递2个参数运行输出来控制报告和报告数量之间的延迟。例如，如果你想要dstat输出默认统计，和报表输出的时间间隔未3秒钟,并且报表中输出10个结果，你可以运行如下命令： + + + dstat 3 10 + + +在dstat命令中有很多参数可选，你可以通过man dstat命令查看，大多数常用的参数有这些： + +- -l = shows load statistics #显示加载统计量# +- -m = shows the memory usage (used, buffer, cache, free) #显示内存使用率（包括used，buffer，cache，free值）# +- -r = displays I/O statistics, #显示I/O统计# +- -s = shows the swap usage #显示swap使用情况# +- -t = puts the current time in the first column #将当前时间显示在第一行# +- –fs = displays file system stats (includes amount of files and used inodes)#显示系统数据（包括文件总数量和inodes值）# +- –nocolor = sometimes very useful… +- –socket = shows interesting network statistics #显示感兴趣的网络数据# +- –tcp = displays common TCP stats #显示常用的CPU统计# +- –udp = shows you the listen and active figures for the UDP usage #显示你监听的和UDP用法中的一些动态数据# + + +当然不止这些用法，dstat附带了一些**插件**很大程度地扩展了它的功能。你可以通过查看/usr/share/dstat目录来查看它们的一些使用方法，常用的有这些： + +- –disk-util = shows how much the disks are busy at the moment#显示某一时间磁盘的忙碌状况# +- –freespace = shows the current disk usage#显示当前磁盘使用率# +- –proc-count = displays the number of running processes#显示正在运行的程序数量# +- –top-bio = points to the most expensive block I/O process #指出最大块I/O进程# +- –top-cpu = draws the attention on the most expensive CPU process#图形化显示最值得引起注意的CPU进程# +- –top-io = shows the most expensive “normal” I/O process#显示大多数正常的I/O进程# +- –top-mem = displays the process using the most memory#显示占用最多内存的进程# + + +举一些例子： + +查看全部内存都有谁在占用： + + dstat -g -l -m -s --top-mem + +显示一些关于CPU资源损耗的数据： + + dstat -c -y -l --proc-count --top-cpu + + +###如何输出一个csv文件### +在往后的使用中，想输出一个csv格式的文件可以通过下面的命令： + + # dstat –output /tmp/sampleoutput.csv -cdn + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://linuxaria.com/howto/linux-terminal-dstat-monitoring-tools + +译者：disylee (https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://linuxaria.com/tag/network +[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/install-and-enable-rpmforge-repository-in-rhel-centos-6-5-4/ From 10aa06ea1575da361b14282d3adef24bf4f41a71 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Mon, 26 May 2014 08:27:40 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 270/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=B8=85=E9=99=A4?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- _.swp | Bin 12288 -> 0 bytes 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 _.swp diff --git a/_.swp b/_.swp deleted file mode 100644 index b10036c3e0a654c86a3da37a5fb7f188cd297df4..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 GIT binary patch literal 0 HcmV?d00001 literal 12288 zcmeI%y9&ZE6oBDVM;Ap`hpMyETEV$Pg@PAQt8=AG!5cO2>|@kK5gfWUUH-sHLK1Qg z-H~cZl}UGMsN$6(?9i0D From 38aa860f62e7a090c83fdda7bb44aa379af28574 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Mon, 26 May 2014 08:57:28 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 271/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9ANative=20Spo?= =?UTF-8?q?tify=20for=20Linux=20Client=20Updated=20With=20New=20Dark=20Des?= =?UTF-8?q?ign?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...r Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md | 15 ++++++--------- 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) rename {translated/news => published}/Native Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md (65%) diff --git a/translated/news/Native Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md b/published/Native Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md similarity index 65% rename from translated/news/Native Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md rename to published/Native Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md index 9d107114eb..190b4072fa 100644 --- a/translated/news/Native Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md +++ b/published/Native Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md @@ -1,15 +1,12 @@ -本土化Spotify Linux客户端更新，添加新的黑色设计元素 +Spotify 原生Linux客户端更新，暗黑风格来袭 ================================================================================ ![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/spotify.jpg) -**Linux版本的Spotify得到了更新，这一次带着同上个月其他主流服务商对其应用的更加扁平和更加黑色化的设计。** +**继streaming service上个月在其它平台上发布它的应用之后，以同样的扁平化和黑色风格的设计，Linux版本的Spotify客户端也发布了更新。** -金属质感的灰色元素和白色清爽的条区设计形成了基于黑色和浅黑色的颜色设计方案。由于受旧时设计的限制，甚至这次新设计没有给该公司的green商标留出空间。 - -> ‘Spotify相关负责人说这种设计可以突出软件的内容’ +金属质感的灰色元素和白色清爽的条区设计形成了基于黑色的风格，以黑色和浅黑色的颜色为主。甚至公司的绿色的商标也不能幸免，以奇怪的颜色出现在各种地方。 在作曲家和个人资料条目中图片的设计上均采用了圆形的设计元素，并且在导航栏和播放控制按钮的地方采用了iOS 7风格。 -Rounded elements have been introduced on artist and profile photos, while navigation and player controls buttons have been given iOS 7-style thin line makeovers. Spotify官方说道这种设计风格突出了软件的内容，他们将之比作“*熄掉所有灯光的剧场。*” @@ -17,11 +14,11 @@ Spotify官方说道这种设计风格突出了软件的内容，他们将之比 现在，该软件已不再提供32位的版本。 -如果长期处于预览阶段，Linux下的本土化Spotify客户端将**支持免费和订阅账户**。 +由于长期处于预览阶段，Linux下的原生Spotify客户端**支持免费和订阅账户**。 ### 安装Spotify ### -要在Ubuntu 14.04 LTS上安装Spotify，你可以打开terminal终端，然后输入下面的命令。 +要在Ubuntu 14.04 LTS上安装Spotify，你可以打开终端，然后输入下面的命令。 首先将Spotify官方的软件仓库添加到你的软件源列表中： @@ -41,6 +38,6 @@ Spotify官方说道这种设计风格突出了软件的内容，他们将之比 via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/spotify-linux-preview-update-new-design -译者：[JonathanKang](https://github.com/JonathanKang) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[JonathanKang](https://github.com/JonathanKang) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From f4b5d2bd860c3f552bec08ffc0684f0977c2905e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Mon, 26 May 2014 12:58:08 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 272/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9ATurn=20Ubunt?= =?UTF-8?q?u=20and=20Debian=20Jessie=20into=20Windows=207=20and=20Windows?= =?UTF-8?q?=208=20with=20WinAte=20Theme=20Pack?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md | 7 ++++--- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) rename {translated/news => published}/Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md (84%) diff --git a/translated/news/Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md b/published/Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md similarity index 84% rename from translated/news/Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md rename to published/Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md index 52bf96499c..f9c3de3942 100644 --- a/translated/news/Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md +++ b/published/Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md @@ -1,8 +1,9 @@ -用WinAte主题包将Ubuntu/Debian Jessie变成Windows 7/Windows 8 +用WinAte主题包将Ubuntu/Debian Jessie扮成Windows 7/8 ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Turn-Ubuntu-and-Debian-Jessie-into-Windows-7-and-Windows-8-with-WinAte-Theme-Pack-443302-3.jpg) -**WinAte最近刚刚收到一个更新，这个主题包能够将你的Ubuntu/Debian变得看起来像Windows 7/Windows 8。** +**WinAte最近刚刚发布一个更新，这个主题包能够将你的Ubuntu/Debian变得看起来像Windows 7/Windows 8。** +（译注，虽然很多人对将好好的Linux扮成Windows不以为然，不过未尝不是一个有趣的体验？） 曾经有段时间你可以轻易地改变绝大多数Linux发行版的外观，使得他们看起来像是Windows的一个副本，但那种时光已经一去不复返了。只有少数Linux发行版的外观仍能够被修改，而Ubuntu和Debian Jessie正在此列。 @@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Turn-Ubuntu-and-Debian-Jessie-into-Windows-7-and-Windows-8-with-WinAte-Theme-Pack-443302.shtml -译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 29ce501a9fa4d8b4fc2506309c2fac8a511dbbbe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Mon, 26 May 2014 13:21:26 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 273/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AUbuntu=20Dev?= =?UTF-8?q?elopers=20Propose=20a=20New=20Flavor=20Based=20Only=20on=20Unit?= =?UTF-8?q?y=208?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...pose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md | 27 +++++++++++++++++++ ...pose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md | 27 ------------------- 2 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md delete mode 100644 translated/news/Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md diff --git a/published/Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md b/published/Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..83765bf11a --- /dev/null +++ b/published/Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +Ubuntu 的开发者准备开发一个仅基于 Unity 8的新风格 +================================================================================ +![Current Unity 7 desktop in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-Developers-Propose-a-New-Flavor-Based-Only-on-Unity-8-442262-2.jpg) + +**Ubuntu 的开发者提出将开发一个单独使用 Unity 8的新风格，以帮助他们自由的实验而不必担心搞乱操作系统稳定。** + +如果你的环境满足安装需要的话，现在可以在Ubuntu 14.04 LTS中安装体验下 Unity 8 桌面环境的预览版了。现在，新的桌面还不能在专有驱动下运行，因为它依赖于 Mir，而这玩意儿还没有获得 NVIDIA 和 AMD 的官方支持。 + +无论如何，有一个新的 Ubuntu 风格对于开发者在新的生态环境中测试他们的创意都会有巨大的帮助，而且从　USB Stick 里启动十分方便还能体验大多数的移植性应用。 + +“桌面环境开发组很希望为 Ubuntu 增加一个新的风格（嘘~，我们并不是计划现在就发行一个正式的版本），这个风格将包括为触屏项目开发的Unity 8桌面和新的应用。最初的意图是提供一个产品使得开发人员可以在做一个基于该软件的桌面产品的时候可以估算出所需要的的工作量，并建立一个可以由实验来找出所需的最佳结合方式的空间。” + +“我们仍将计划融合当前的桌面环境，但是我们不希望给用户带来不安稳和造成不便，而且希望并行的发展这个新风格可以使我们真正实现在软件已经准备就绪的时候再迁移，而不是迁移后再解决用户的原有软件的兼容问题。” Ubuntu 的开发者 Iain Lane说。 + +Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 现在默认使用 Unity 7，而且可能这至少将持续到下一个版本 Ubuntu 14.10。Ubuntu 开发者的目标是最迟在下一个 LTS：Ubuntu 16.04 中让 Unity 8 和 Mir 成为默认的配置，但是如果事情进展的顺利，我们可能会在此之前就能成功。 + +这个新风格的名字是什么还不清楚，但是如果地位确定的话，我们可能在接下来的几个月就可以得到ISO文件。这将会使得用户更容易地测试 Unity 8 ，而且可以在它成为默认配置之前体验一把。 + +当 Canonical 用 Unity 替换旧的 GNOME 2 的时候，这个转换引起的震动是如此之大，以至于直到今天在论坛中还时不时的被人提及。有一个专门的 Unity 8 风格可能会缓解这个问题。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-Developers-Propose-a-New-Flavor-Based-Only-on-Unity-8-442262.shtml + +译者：[crowner](https://github.com/crowner) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 diff --git a/translated/news/Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md b/translated/news/Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2e704fad1a..0000000000 --- a/translated/news/Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -Ubuntu 的开发者声明将开发一个仅基于 Unity 8的新风格 -================================================================================ -![Current Unity 7 desktop in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-Developers-Propose-a-New-Flavor-Based-Only-on-Unity-8-442262-2.jpg) - -**Ubuntu 的开发者提出将开发一个单独使用 Unity 8的新风格，以帮助他们自由的实验而不必担心操作系统的稳定性。** - -用户现在可以下载安装一个 Unity 8 的预览版了，如果用的是 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 并且满足安装需要的话。现在，新的桌面已经还不能在旧的驱动环境下运行因为它还需要依赖于 Mir，而这玩意儿还没有获得 NVIDIA 和 AMD 的官方支持。 - -在任何情况下，有一个新的 Ubuntu 风格对于开发者在新的生态环境中测试他们的创意都会有巨大的帮助而且从　USB Stick 里启动十分方便还能体验大多数的移植性应用。 - -“The桌面环境开发组很希望为 Ubuntu 增加一个新的风格（嘘~，我们不是计划现在就发型一个正式的版本） ，这个风格将包括为触屏项目开发的Unity 8桌面和新的应用。最初的意图是提供一个产品使得开发人员可以在做一个基于该软件的桌面产品的时候可以计算出所需要的的工作量，并建立一个可以由实验来找出所需的最佳结合方式的空间。” - -“我们仍将计划迁移现有的桌面碎片，但是我们不希望给用户带来不安稳和造成不便，而且希望并行的发展这个新风格可以使我们真正实现在软件已经准备就绪的时候迁移而不是迫于用户早期获得成果的压力进行迁移工作。” Ubuntu 的开发者 Iain Lane说。 - -Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 现在默认使用 Unity 7而且可能这至少将持续到下一个版本 Ubuntu 14.10。Ubuntu 开发者的目标是最迟在 下一个 LTS Ubuntu 16.04 使得 Unity 8 和 Mir 成为默认的配置，但是如果事情进展的顺利，我们可能会在此之前就看到一个更好的成功。 - -这个新风格的名字是什么还不清楚，但是如果地位确定的话，我们可能在接下来的几个月就可以获取一个ISO文件。这将会使得用户更容易地测试 Unity 8 而且可以在它成为默认配置之前感觉一把。 - -当 Canonical 用Unity替换旧的 GNOME 2 的时候，这个转换引起的震动是如此之大，以至于直到今天在论坛中还时不时的被人提及。有一个专门的 Unity 8 风格可能会缓解这个问题。 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-Developers-Propose-a-New-Flavor-Based-Only-on-Unity-8-442262.shtml - -译者：[crowner](https://github.com/crowner) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 155b99517205aad4d428c202f787d3c160ebb412 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: linuhap Date: Mon, 26 May 2014 14:44:48 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 274/601] translating --- ...untu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md b/sources/talk/Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md index c61665458b..f1c09dfd83 100644 --- a/sources/talk/Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md +++ b/sources/talk/Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +linuhap翻译中 Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical ================================================================================ ![](http://thevarguy.com/site-files/thevarguy.com/files/imagecache/medium_img/uploads/2014/05/jonobacon.jpg) @@ -31,4 +32,4 @@ via: http://thevarguy.com/ubuntu/052214/ubuntu-linux-community-manager-jono-baco [5]:http://markshuttleworth.com/ [6]:http://thevarguy.com/ubuntu/ubuntu-software-store-will-your-kids-try-it [7]:http://thevarguy.com/open-source-application-software-companies/tensions-between-ubuntu-fedora-mount-over-new-website -[8]:http://thevarguy.com/var-guy/controversy-erupts-over-amazon-search-ubuntu-1210 \ No newline at end of file +[8]:http://thevarguy.com/var-guy/controversy-erupts-over-amazon-search-ubuntu-1210 From f3c23c1fb37607353a160d25e617d71c0297dcdb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Mon, 26 May 2014 15:21:10 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 275/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AHow=20to=20s?= =?UTF-8?q?et=20up=20a=20primary=20DNS=20server=20using=20CentOS?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...et up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md | 114 ++++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 66 insertions(+), 48 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md (61%) diff --git a/translated/tech/How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md b/published/How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md similarity index 61% rename from translated/tech/How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md rename to published/How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md index ac02694068..be22bb8916 100644 --- a/translated/tech/How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md +++ b/published/How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md @@ -1,16 +1,16 @@ -Translated by GOLinux! - -CentOS上配置主DNS服务器 +CentOS上配置主DNS服务器的简易指南 ================================================================================ -任何运作中的域名至少有两台DNS服务器，一台称为主域名服务器（ns1），而另一台称为从域名服务器（ns2）。这些服务器通常用于故障转移：如果一台宕机，另外一台就激活成为DNS服务器。包括负载均衡、防火墙和集群在内的更为复杂的故障转移机制也可实现。 +任何运作中的域名至少有两台DNS服务器，一台称为主域名服务器（比如叫做ns1），而另一台称为从域名服务器（比如叫做ns2）。这些服务器通常用于故障转移：如果一台宕机，另外一台就激活成为DNS服务器（译注：此处译者有不同意见，事实上两个或更多的DNS服务器是共同工作的，并不是第一台停止服务后，第二台才接替工作。解析器是随机选择一个DNS服务器进行询问，如果超时则会询问下一个，这是多个DNS的故障容错机制）。也可以实现包括负载均衡、防火墙和集群在内的更为复杂的故障转移机制。 -用于特定域的所有DNS条目被添加到主域名服务器，从服务器只会根据主服务器上的计数器类型参数从主服务器同步所有信息。 +一个域的所有DNS条目都会被添加到主域名服务器，从服务器只会根据主服务器上的SOA记录的序列号参数从主服务器同步所有信息。 -此教程将会讲述**如何创建一台在CentOS上运行的主DNS服务器**。请注意，本教程中提到的DNS服务器将会是一台公共DNS服务器，这也就是说该服务器将会回应来自任何IP地址的查询。对于服务器的访问控制将在[此教程][]中讨论。 +此教程将会讲述**如何创建一台在CentOS上运行的主DNS服务器**。请注意，本教程中提到的DNS服务器将会是一台开放DNS服务器，这也就是说该服务器将会回应来自任何IP地址的查询。对于DNS服务器的访问控制将在[此教程][1]中讨论（译注：开放的DNS服务器是一个安全隐患。）。 + +在开始之前，我想要提一下的是，DNS可以在chroot环境中配置，也可以在非chroot环境中配置。chroot环境将DNS服务器限制在系统中某个特定目录中，以避免让服务器具有系统级的访问权限。在此环境中，任何DNS服务器的安全漏洞不会导致整个系统的破坏。将DNS服务器置于chroot环境中，对于部署测试也很有用。 -在开始之前，我想要提一下的是，DNS可以在chroot监牢环境中配置，也可以在非chroot监牢环境中配置。chroot监牢环境将DNS服务器限制在系统中某个特定目录中，以避免让服务器具有系统范围的访问权限。在此环境中，任何DNS服务器的漏洞不会造成整个系统的破坏。将DNS服务器置于chroot环境中，对于测试部署也很有用。 ### 目标 ### -我们将在基于域名example.tst的测试环境中配置一台DNS服务器，这个域名是假定的（非真实存在的）。这样，我们就不会意外干扰到其它存活的域名。 + +我们将在基于域名example.tst的测试环境中配置一台DNS服务器，这个域名是虚假的（并不真实存在的）。这样，我们就不会意外干扰到其它真实的域名。 在该域中，有以下三台服务器。 @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ CentOS上配置主DNS服务器 服务器 IP地址 托管的服务 -完全合格域名 +完全限定域名（FQDN） Server A @@ -42,14 +42,16 @@ CentOS上配置主DNS服务器 我们将会配置一台主域名服务器，并添加上表中必要的域和DNS记录。 + ### 设置主机名 ### -所有的主机名必须以完全合格域名的方式正确定义，可以通过以下方法完成设置。 + +所有的主机名必须以完全限定域名的方式正确定义，可以通过以下方法完成设置。 # vim /etc/sysconfig/network > HOSTNAME=ns1.example.tst -注：该文件中指定的主机名参数在服务器启动后才会启用，因此，该设置不会马上生效。下面的命令可以立刻临时性地修改主机名。 +注：该文件中指定的主机名参数在服务器启动后才会启用（译注：或者网络服务重启后），因此，该设置不会马上生效。下面的命令可以立刻临时性地修改主机名。 # hostname ns1.example.tst @@ -59,16 +61,22 @@ CentOS上配置主DNS服务器 > ns1.example.tst -在进入下一步之前，请确保三台服务器上的主机名已经设置正确。 +在进入下一步之前，请确保上述三台服务器上的主机名已经设置正确。 ### 安装软件包 ### + 我们将使用bind来配置DNS服务，该软件可以很方便地通过yum来安装。 -安装DNS所需软件包： +不使用chroot环境的： + + # yum install bind bind-chroot + +使用chroot环境的： # yum install bind bind-chroot ### 准备配置文件 ### + 正如前面提到的，bind可以在chroot环境下配置，或者在非chroot环境下配置，配置文件的路径会因为是否安装chroot包而不同。 @@ -101,7 +109,7 @@ CentOS上配置主DNS服务器
-可以使用默认提供的named.conf配置文件，但是为了更方便使用，我们将使用另外一个配置文件模板。 +可以使用默认提供的named.conf配置文件，但是为了更方便使用，我们将使用另外一个简单的配置文件模板。 非`chroot`环境： @@ -124,29 +132,30 @@ CentOS上配置主DNS服务器 添加/修改以下行： options { - ## path to zone files ## + ## 区域文件存放目录 ## directory "/var/named"; - ## forwarding the query to Google public DNS server for non-local domains ## + ## 对于非本地权威域的请求转发到 Google 的公开 DNS 服务器 ## forwarders { 8.8.8.8; }; }; - ## declaration of the forward zone for example.tst ## + ## 申明一个本地域 example.tst ## zone "example.tst" IN { type master; - file "example-fz"; ## filename for the forward zone stored in /var/named ## + file "example-fz"; ## 存储文件名，放在 /var/named ## allow-update { none; }; }; - ## declaration of reverse zone for network 172.16.1.0 ## + ## 为IP段 172.16.1.0 提供反向解析 ## zone "1.16.172.in-addr.arpa" IN { type master; - file "rz-172-16-1"; ## filename for the reverse zone stored in /var/named ## + file "rz-172-16-1"; ## 存储文件名，放在 /var/named ## allow-update { none; }; }; ### 准备区域文件 ### -默认的区域文件会自动创建到`/var/named` 或者`/var/named/chroot/var/named` (`chroot`环境)。如果在这些地方找不到这些文件，`/usr/share/doc/bind`目录中提供了模板文件，可以从这里拷贝。 + +那些默认的区域文件会自动创建到`/var/named` 或者`/var/named/chroot/var/named` (`chroot`环境)。如果在这些地方找不到这些文件，`/usr/share/doc/bind`目录中提供了模板文件，可以从这里拷贝。 假设默认区域文件没有提供，我们可以从`/usr`拷贝模板文件。 @@ -158,12 +167,14 @@ CentOS上配置主DNS服务器 # cp /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/sample/var/named/named.* /var/named/chroot/var/named -太棒了！由于现在默认的区域文件已经准备好，我们可以为example.tst和172.16.1.0网络创建区域文件了，以下要点必须时刻谨记。 +很好！由于现在默认的区域文件已经准备好，我们可以为example.tst和172.16.1.0网络创建区域文件了，以下要点必须时刻谨记。 -- 区域文件中的特殊字符‘@’意味着空。 -- 所有的完全合格域名必须以点‘.’结束。如：example.tst.如果没有这个点，你会发生问题。 -#### 1. 转发区域 #### -转发区域包含了名称到IP地址的映射。对于公共域，域名托管提供商的DNS存储了转发区域文件。 +- 区域文件中的特殊字符‘@’意味着空。（译注：意即代表本域。） +- 所有的完全限定域名必须以点‘.’结束。如：example.tst.如果没有这个点，你会发生问题。（译注：即会被当做当前@所代表的域的子域。） + +#### 1. 转发区域（本地权威域） #### + +转发区域包含了名称到IP地址的映射。对于公开的域，域名托管提供商的DNS服务器存储了转发区域文件。（译注：转发区域即本地的权威域，由这个服务器自身提供权威的解析数据） 非`chroot`环境： @@ -190,14 +201,18 @@ CentOS上配置主DNS服务器 ns1 IN A 172.16.1.3 ftp IN CNAME www.example.tst. -**说明**：在区域文件中，SOA是开始授权的意思。此处是授权名称服务器的完全合格域名。完全合格域名后面跟着的是电子邮件地址。由于不能在sarmed@example.tst这样的格式中使用‘@’符号，我们将电子邮件地址重写成sarmed.example.tst.这样的格式。 +**说明**：在区域文件中，SOA是开始授权（Start Of Authority）的意思。它的值的第一段是授权名称服务器的完全限定域名。完全限定域名后面跟着的是电子邮件地址。由于不能在sarmed@example.tst这样的格式中使用‘@’符号（译注：@有特定意义，代表本域。），我们将电子邮件地址重写成sarmed.example.tst.这样的格式。 + +以下是典型的常用DNS记录类型： + +- **NS**：域名服务器 +- **A**: 地址记录，记录主机名到IP地址的映射（译注，此处原文有误。） +- **MX**: 邮件交换记录。这里我们只用了一个邮件交换记录，设置其优先级为10。如果有多个邮件交换记录，我们可以使用多个数值优先级，数字小的优先级最高。例如，MX 0比MX 1优先级更高。 +- **CNAME**: 标准名。如果在一台单一服务器上托管了多个服务，也很可能将多个名称解析到某个单一服务器。CNAME指定了一台服务器可能有的其它名称，并且将它们指向具有实际A记录的名称。 -- **NS**：名称服务器 -- **A**: 记录或者地址记录，记录IP地址 -- **MX**: 邮件交换记录。这里我们只使用一个邮件交换记录，设置其优先级为10。如果有多个邮件交换记录，我们可以使用多个数值优先级，数字小的优先级最高。例如，MX 0比MX 1优先级更高。 -- **CNAME**: 标准名。如果在一台单一服务器上托管了多个服务，也很可能将多个名称解析到此台单一服务器。CNAME指定了一台服务器可能有的其它名称，并且将它们指向具有实际A记录的名称。 #### 2. 反向区域 #### -反向区域包含了IP地址到名称的映射。这里，我们为172.16.1.0网络创建反向区域。在生产域中，公共IP区块的拥有者拥有的DNS服务器存储反向区域文件。 + +反向区域包含了IP地址到名称的映射。这里，我们为172.16.1.0网络创建反向区域。在正式的域中，公共IP区块的拥有者拥有的DNS服务器存储反向区域文件。（某些服务，如邮件服务，要求IP地址具备正确的反向解析才能正常工作。而IP的反向解析，通常是由IP的拥有者如接入商或IDC来负责解析。） 非`chroot`环境： @@ -223,9 +238,10 @@ CentOS上配置主DNS服务器 **说明**:除了下面的参数外，反向区域文件中的大多数参数和转发区域文件中的相同。 -- PTR: PTR或者指针记录指向完全合格域名 +- PTR: IP反向解析记录，指向一个反向限定域名。 ### 结束工作 ### + 既然区域文件已经准备好，我们接下来调整它们的权限。 非`chroot`环境： @@ -240,22 +256,23 @@ CentOS上配置主DNS服务器 # vim /etc/resolv.conf ----------- - - nameserver 172.16.1.3 +> nameserver 172.16.1.3 最后，我们可以启动DNS服务，并确保将它添加到启动服务中。 # service named restart # chkconfig named on -DNS服务器开动后，建议关注一下日志文件/var/log/messages，这里头包含了后台运行的一些有用信息。如果没有发现错误，我们可以开始测试DNS服务器。 +DNS服务器起动后，建议关注一下日志文件/var/log/messages，这里头包含了后台运行的一些有用信息。如果没有发现错误，我们可以开始测试DNS服务器。 + ### 测试DNS ### + 我们可以使用dig或者nslookup来测试DNS。首先，我们需要安装必要的软件包。 # yum install bind-utils #### 1. 使用dig测试转发区域 #### + 使用dig来测试时，必须时刻关注状态信息：“NOERROR”，任何其它值都表明存在问题。 # dig example.tst @@ -277,7 +294,8 @@ DNS服务器开动后，建议关注一下日志文件/var/log/messages，这里 ns1.example.com. 86400 IN A 172.16.1.3 #### 2. 使用dig测试PTR记录 #### -使用dig来测试时，必须时刻关注状态信息：“NOERROR”，任何其它值都表明存在问题。 + +使用dig来测试时，必须时刻关注状态信息：“NOERROR”，任何其它值都表明存在问题。（译注，也可用 dig 1.1.16.172.in-addr.arpa. ptr 来测试。） # dig -x 172.16.1.1 @@ -311,25 +329,25 @@ DNS服务器开动后，建议关注一下日志文件/var/log/messages，这里 ;; ANSWER SECTION: example.tst. 14366 IN MX 10 mail.example.tst. -### 排障提示 ### -1. 我已经把SELinux关闭。 -1. 保证防火墙没有阻挡UDP 53端口 -1. 万一出错，可在/var/log/messages中查看到有用的信息 -1. 确保区域文件的拥有者为‘named’ -1. 确保DNS服务器的IP地址是/etc/resolv.conf中的第一条目 -1. 如果你使用example.tst作为实验环境，确保将服务器从互联网断开，因为example.tst是一个不存在的域。 +### 排错提示 ### -最后小结，该教程关注的是实验环境中配置example.tst域用作为演示。请注意，该教程中创建了一台公共DNS服务器，此服务器会回应来自任何源IP地址的查询。如果你是在配置DNS生产服务器，请确保检查与公共DNS相关的策略。其它教程涵盖了[创建从DNS服务器][2], [限制对DNS服务器的访问][3]以及部署DNSSEC。 +1. 我已经把SELinux关闭。 +2. 保证防火墙没有阻挡UDP 53端口 +3. 万一出错，可在/var/log/messages中查看到有用的信息 +4. 确保区域文件的属主为‘named’ +5. 确保DNS服务器的IP地址是/etc/resolv.conf中的第一条目 +6. 如果你使用example.tst作为实验环境，确保将服务器从互联网断开，因为example.tst是一个不存在的域。 + +最后小结，该教程关注的是实验环境中配置example.tst域用作为演示。请注意，该教程中创建了一台公共DNS服务器，此服务器会回应来自任何源IP地址的查询。如果你是在配置DNS生产服务器，请确保检查与公共DNS相关的策略。其它教程涵盖了[创建从DNS服务器][2], [限制对DNS服务器的访问][1]以及部署DNSSEC。 希望此教程对您有所帮助。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/primary-dns-server-using-centos.html -译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [1]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/close-open-dns-resolver.html [2]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/secondary-dns-server-centos.html -[3]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/close-open-dns-resolver.html From 9e831ee23fb9871d1a0e7531838bde25b22a5399 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: shipsw Date: Mon, 26 May 2014 15:42:02 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 276/601] Update Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md Translating by shipsw --- .../tech/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md b/sources/tech/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md index e3a9f3c882..ce8efbf175 100644 --- a/sources/tech/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md +++ b/sources/tech/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +#Translating by shipsw# + Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation =================================== @@ -345,4 +347,4 @@ via: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/DualBootInstallation [4]:https://bugs.launchpad.net/humpolec/+filebug [5]:https://code.launchpad.net/humpolec [6]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/SuperUser -[7]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/CyanogenMod \ No newline at end of file +[7]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/CyanogenMod From 24fc3561ccb6dfd8e4e7d5e858f407cd1f98c5d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Mon, 26 May 2014 16:20:53 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 277/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AHow=20to=20s?= =?UTF-8?q?et=20up=20a=20secondary=20DNS=20server=20in=20CentOS?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...set up a secondary DNS server in CentOS.md | 40 ++++++++----------- 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/How to set up a secondary DNS server in CentOS.md (80%) diff --git a/translated/tech/How to set up a secondary DNS server in CentOS.md b/published/How to set up a secondary DNS server in CentOS.md similarity index 80% rename from translated/tech/How to set up a secondary DNS server in CentOS.md rename to published/How to set up a secondary DNS server in CentOS.md index e265462b0a..5d60ab9ea6 100644 --- a/translated/tech/How to set up a secondary DNS server in CentOS.md +++ b/published/How to set up a secondary DNS server in CentOS.md @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -[Translated by zzlyzq] - 如何在CentOS中创建辅域名服务器 ================================================================================ 在[上篇教程][1]里，我们为一个测试域exmample.tst创建了一个主域名服务器（ns1）。在本篇中，我们会在CentOS中使用bind包为相同的域创建一个辅域名服务器（ns2）。 @@ -13,7 +11,7 @@ ### 设置主机名 ### -就像主域名服务器一样，辅域名服务器的主机名也应当是一个合适的正式域名。 +就像主域名服务器一样，辅域名服务器的主机名也应当是一个完全限定域名（FQDN）。 # vim /etc/sysconfig/network @@ -26,14 +24,14 @@ 设置之后，可以用下面的命令来查看主机名称。 # hostname +---- + ns2.example.tst -> ns2.example.tst - -在进行下面的步骤之前，确保所有三台[3]服务器的主机名称已经被正确设置。 +在进行下面的步骤之前，确保所有三台服务器的主机名称已经被正确设置。 ### 安装软件包 ### -就像[主服务器][2]一样，配置一台辅域名服务器可以使用chroot或者不用。必须的软件包可以使用yum轻松安装。 +就像[主服务器][1]一样，配置一台辅域名服务器可以使用chroot或者不用。必须的软件包可以使用yum轻松安装。 不使用 chroot: @@ -45,18 +43,16 @@ ### 为区域文件的传输准备配置文件 ### -在CentOS中使用bind创建域名服务器后,默认设置允许所有的区域文件被任意服务器同步。安全起见，我们需要配置主域名服务器，只允许它允许辅域名服务器进行同步。 +在CentOS中使用bind创建域名服务器后，默认设置允许所有的区域文件被任意服务器同步。安全起见，我们需要配置主域名服务器，只允许它允许辅域名服务器进行同步。 #### 1. 主域名服务器 #### - 不使用chroot： # vim /etc/named.conf 使用chroot： - # vim /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf ---------- @@ -65,14 +61,14 @@ type master; file "example-fz"; ## 文件example-fz在主域名服务器上 ## allow-update { none; }; - allow-transfer {172.16.1.4; }; ## 辅域名服务器被允许 ## + allow-transfer {172.16.1.4; }; ## 允许辅域名服务器进行传输 ## }; zone "1.16.172.in-addr.arpa" IN { type master; file "rz-172-16-1"; ##文件rz-172-16-1在主域名服务器上## allow-update { none; }; - allow-transfer {172.16.1.4; }; ## 辅域名服务器被允许 ## + allow-transfer {172.16.1.4; }; ## 允许辅域名服务器进行传输 ## }; #### 2. 辅域名服务器 #### @@ -85,7 +81,6 @@ 使用chroot： - # cp /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/sample/etc/named.rfc1912.zones /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf 当执行完上面的命令进行文件拷贝后，添加下面的内容到刚才那个拷贝后的文件中。 @@ -100,7 +95,7 @@ type slave; ## 该主机为辅域名服务器 ## file "example-fz"; ## 这个文件会被自动创建 ## //allow-update { none; }; - allow-transfer {172.16.1.3; }; ## 定义必要时进行传输的主域名服务器 ## + allow-transfer {172.16.1.3; }; ## 定义必要时进行从其传输的主域名服务器 ## masters {172.16.1.3; }; ## 定义主域名服务器 ## }; @@ -112,7 +107,7 @@ masters {172.16.1.3; }; }; -### 结束配置 ### +### 结束工作 ### 为了确保没有权限相关的问题，我们需要做如下调整。 @@ -129,8 +124,7 @@ # service named restart # chkconfig named on -如果不出意外，辅域名服务器应该会向主域名服务器请求一个区域的传输,并且产生自己的/var/named。日志文件/var/log/messages会包含一些named服务 -的有用信息，包括区域文件传输过程中的信息。 +如果不出意外，辅域名服务器应该会向主域名服务器请求一个区域的传输，并且产生自己的/var/named目录。日志文件/var/log/messages会包含一些named服务的有用信息，包括区域文件传输过程中的信息。 ### 测试一个辅域名服务器 ### @@ -161,15 +155,15 @@ > exit -### 排除障碍 ### +### 排错提示 ### 1. 我们无需在辅域名服务器上创建任何区域文件。所有的区域文件都会与主域名服务器进行同步。 2. 辅域名服务器上的named服务会定期与主服务器进行同步。如果你想来一次及时的同步，可以使用命令"rncd retransfer "。如下： - # rndc retransfer example.tst + # rndc retransfer example.tst -3. 只有当主服务器上区域文件的serial数字被修改/变大的时候，辅域名服务器才会进行更新。 +3. 只有当主服务器上区域文件的serial数字被修改变大的时候，辅域名服务器才会进行更新。 4. 确保用户named可以对文件夹/var/named或者/var/named/chroot/var/named（使用chroot的情况下）进行写操作。 @@ -185,10 +179,8 @@ via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/secondary-dns-server-centos.html -译者：[zzlyzq](https://github.com/zzlyzq) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[zzlyzq](https://github.com/zzlyzq) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 -[1]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/primary-dns-server-using-centos.html -[2]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/primary-dns-server-using-centos.html -[3]:译者注，怎么可能是三呢，我认为应该是二 +[1]:http://linux.cn/article-3092-1.html From 3fd93eb24300d17147263e34a6588c8b35b1c2a5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: chenjt Date: Mon, 26 May 2014 16:27:38 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 278/601] =?UTF-8?q?[=E5=B0=8F=E5=86=B0=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91?= =?UTF-8?q?=E4=B8=AD]?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../Open Source's Cult Of Personality Is Dying--Thankfully.md | 3 ++- ...ros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md | 3 ++- sources/talk/The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned.md | 3 ++- 3 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/Open Source's Cult Of Personality Is Dying--Thankfully.md b/sources/talk/Open Source's Cult Of Personality Is Dying--Thankfully.md index bf2853b9ba..9779aeba3d 100644 --- a/sources/talk/Open Source's Cult Of Personality Is Dying--Thankfully.md +++ b/sources/talk/Open Source's Cult Of Personality Is Dying--Thankfully.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +[小冰在此] Open Source's Cult Of Personality Is Dying—Thankfully ================================================================================ Roy Rubin, co-founder of the popular [Magento][1] open-source project, [announced this week][2] he is bowing out of the project he helped launch back in 2008. @@ -53,4 +54,4 @@ via: http://readwrite.com/2014/05/02/open-source-magento-roy-rubin-bdfl#feed=/ha [6]:http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/01/on-the-reign-of-benevolent-dictators-for-life-in-software/283139/ [7]:http://hadoop.apache.org/who.html [8]:http://activity.openstack.org/dash/releases/ -[9]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/friprog/ \ No newline at end of file +[9]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/friprog/ diff --git a/sources/talk/Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md b/sources/talk/Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md index 40749b1c2d..8b66085b04 100644 --- a/sources/talk/Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md +++ b/sources/talk/Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +[小冰在此] Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews ================================================================================ ![](http://www.tuxmachines.org/images/redhatlogo.png) @@ -32,4 +33,4 @@ via: http://ostatic.com/blog/pros-secrets-and-red-hat-7-and-pclinuxos-2014-05-re [1]:http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/Linux-Pros-Top-Command-Line-Secrets-80437.html [2]:http://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20140512#feature [3]:http://www.zdnet.com/hands-on-with-pclinuxos-2014-05-kde-and-lxde-the-linux-with-something-for-everyone-7000029297/ -[4]:http://www.zdnet.com/testing-ubuntu-debian-and-lmde-on-my-new-notebook-7000029202/ \ No newline at end of file +[4]:http://www.zdnet.com/testing-ubuntu-debian-and-lmde-on-my-new-notebook-7000029202/ diff --git a/sources/talk/The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned.md b/sources/talk/The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned.md index aa391ce7c3..b924d67b98 100644 --- a/sources/talk/The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned.md +++ b/sources/talk/The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +[小冰在此] The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned ================================================================================ ![](http://readwrite.com/files/styles/1400_0/public/fields/shutterstock-open-gate.jpg) @@ -56,4 +57,4 @@ via: http://readwrite.com/2014/05/21/open-source-witch-hunt-mozilla-openstack-re [2]:http://readwrite.com/2014/05/16/red-hat-openstack-mirantis-rhel-support [3]:http://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-condemns-partnership-between-mozilla-and-adobe-to-support-digital-restrictions-management [4]:https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2014/05/mozilla-and-drm -[5]:https://blog.mozilla.org/blog/2014/05/14/drm-and-the-challenge-of-serving-users/ \ No newline at end of file +[5]:https://blog.mozilla.org/blog/2014/05/14/drm-and-the-challenge-of-serving-users/ From d6519278ae87e6e9e6b0fe33b184220f0bb0aee1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Mon, 26 May 2014 17:13:39 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 279/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140526-1=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ns and Answers'on Linux Shell Scripting.md | 150 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 150 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/10 Useful'Interview Questions and Answers'on Linux Shell Scripting.md diff --git a/sources/talk/10 Useful'Interview Questions and Answers'on Linux Shell Scripting.md b/sources/talk/10 Useful'Interview Questions and Answers'on Linux Shell Scripting.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1cd290f20e --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/10 Useful'Interview Questions and Answers'on Linux Shell Scripting.md @@ -0,0 +1,150 @@ +10 Useful ‘Interview Questions and Answers’ on Linux Shell Scripting +================================================================================ +Greeting of the day. The vastness of Linux makes it possible to come up with a unique post every time. We ‘**The-Tecmint-Team**‘ works to provide our readers with unique contents which is useful for them from career perspective as well as adding to the Knowledge base. Here is an attempt and it is on our readers to judge how far we succeed. + +![Questions on Shell Scripting](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Questions-on-Shell-Scripting.png) + +We have lots of tutorials on **Shell Scripting** language and **Interview Questions** for readers of all kind, here are the links to those articles. + +- [Shell Scripting Series][1] +- [Interview Question and Answer Series][2] + +Adding to the shell scripting posts here, in this article we will be going through questions related to Linux Shell from interview point of view. + +#### 1. How will you abort a shell script before it is successfully executed? #### + +> **Answer** : We need to use ‘exit’ command to fulfil the above described situation. A ‘exit’ command when forced to output any value other than 0 (zero), the script will throw an error and will abort. The value 0 (zero) under Unix environment shell scripting represents successful execution. Hence putting ‘exit -1’, without quotes before script termination will abort the script. + +For example, create a following shell script as ‘**anything.sh**‘. + + #!/bin/bash + echo "Hello" + exit -1 + echo "bye" + +Save the file and execute it. + + # sh anything.sh + + Hello + exit.sh: 3: exit: Illegal number: -1 + +From the above script, it is clear that the execution went well before exit -1 command. + +#### 2. How to remove the headers from a file using command in Linux? #### + +> **Answer** : A ‘sed’ command comes to rescue here, when we need to delete certain lines of a file. + +Here it the exact command to remove headers from a file (or first line of a file). + + # sed '1 d' file.txt + +The only problem with above command is that, it outputs the file on standard output without the first line. In order to save the output to file, we need to use redirect operator which will redirects the output to a file. + + # sed '1 d' file.txt > new_file.txt + +Well the built in switch ‘**-i**‘ for **sed** command, can perform this operation without a redirect operator. + + # sed -i '1 d' file.txt + +#### 3. How will you check the length of a line from a text file? #### + +> **Answer** : Again ‘sed’ command is used to find or check the length of a line from a text file. + +A ‘**sed –n ‘n p’ file.txt**‘, where ‘**n**‘ represents the line number and ‘**p**‘ print out the pattern space (to the standard output). This command is usually only used in conjunction with the **-n** command-line option. So, how to get the length count? Obviously! we need to pipeline the output with ‘**wc**‘ command. + + # sed –n 'n p' file.txt | wc –c + +To get the length of line number ’5′ in the text file ‘**tecmint.txt**‘, we need to run. + + # sed -n '5 p' tecmint.txt | wc -c + +#### 4. Is it possible to view all the non-printable characters from a text file on Linux System? How will you achieve this? #### + +> **Answer** : Yes! it is very much possible to view all the non-printable characters in Linux. In order to achieve the above said scenario, we need to take the help of editor ‘vi’. + +How to show non-printable characters in ‘**vi**‘ editor? + +- Open vi editor. +- Go to command mode of vi editor by pressing [esc] followed by ‘:’. +- The final step is to type execute [set list] command, from command interface of ‘vi’ editor. + +**Note**: This way we can see all the non-printable characters from a text file including **ctrl+m (^M)**. + +#### 5. You are a Team-Leader of a group of staffs working for a company xyz. The company ask you to create a directory ‘dir_xyz’, such that any member of the group can create a file or access a file under it, but no one can delete the file, except the one created it. what will you do? #### + +> **Answer** : An interesting scenario to work upon. Well in the above said scenario we need to implement the below steps which is as easy as cake walk. + + # mkdir dir_xyz + # chmod g+wx dir_xyz + # chmod +t dir_xyz + +The first line of command create a directory (**dir_xyz**). The second line of command above allow group (g) to have permission to ‘**write**‘ and ‘**execute**‘ and the last line of the above command – The ‘**+t**‘ in the end of the permissions is called the ‘**sticky bit**‘. It replaces the ‘x‘ and indicates that in this directory, files can only be deleted by their owners, the owner of the directory or the root superuser. + +#### 6. Can you tell me the various stages of a Linux process, it passes through? #### + +> **Answer** : A Linux process normally goes through four major stages in its processing life. + +Here are the 4 stages of Linux process. + +- Waiting: Linux Process waiting for a resource. +- Running : A Linux process is currently being executed. +- Stopped : A Linux Process is stopped after successful execution or after receiving kill signal. +- Zombie : A Process is said to be ‘Zombie’ if it has stopped but still active in process table. + +#### 7. What is the use of cut command in Linux? #### + +> **Answer** : A ‘cut’ is a very useful Linux command which proves to be helpful when we need to cut certain specific part of a file and print it on standard output, for better manipulation when the field of the file and file itself is too heavy. + +For example, extract first 10 columns of a text file ‘**txt_tecmint**‘. + + # cut -c1-10 txt_tecmint + +To extract 2nd, 5th and 7th column of the same text file. + + # cut -d;-f2 -f5 -f7 txt_tecmint + +#### 8. What is the difference between commands ‘cmp’ and ‘diff’? #### + +> **Answer** : The command ‘cmp’ and ‘diff’ means to obtain the same thing but with different mindset. + +The ‘**diff**‘ command reports the changes one should make so that both the files look the same. Whereas ‘**cmp**‘ command compares the two files byte-by-byte and reports the first mismatch. + +#### 9. Is it possible to substitute ‘ls’ command with ‘echo’ command? #### + +> **Answer** : Yes! the ‘ls’ command can be substituted by ‘echo’ command. The command ‘ls’ lists the content of file. From the point of view of replacement of above command we can use ‘echo *’, obviously without quotes. The output of both the commands are same. + +#### 10. You might have heard about inodes. can you describe inode briefly? #### + +> **Answer** : A ‘inode’ is a ‘data-structure’, which is used for file identification on Linux. Each file on an Unix System has a separate ‘inode’ and an ‘Unique’ inode Number. + +That’s all for now. We will be coming up with another interesting and knowledgeable Interview questions, in the next article. Till then Stay tuned and connected to Tecmint.com. Don’t forget to provide us, with your valuable feedback in the comment section below. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.tecmint.com/interview-questions-on-shell-scripting/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/category/bash-shell/ +[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/category/interview-questions/ +[3]: +[4]: +[5]: +[6]: +[7]: +[8]: +[9]: +[10]: +[11]: +[12]: +[13]: +[14]: +[15]: +[16]: +[17]: +[18]: +[19]: +[20]: \ No newline at end of file From 01f09fa3ba7cd84df803aa33061df593758e847d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Mon, 26 May 2014 17:23:43 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 280/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140526-2=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...est Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md | 62 +++++++++++++++++++ ... By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md | 47 ++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 109 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md diff --git a/sources/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md b/sources/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..17d8cbdafe --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux +================================================================================ +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Image_Applications_Linux.jpeg) + +When I last wrote about [reasons to switch to Linux][1], a reader suggested me to write about Linux alternatives of popular Windows applications. After all it is one of the most common concern among Windows users thinking to switch to Linux. + +In an effort to address the same concern, in this article, I have listed photo related applications that could be used for various purposes. It’s not really alternatives to Windows programs but rather a collection of **image related applications in Linux** that could be used for various purposes. + +### Image editing applications in Linux ### + +When I say image editing, I mean hardcore professional style photo editing. In other words I am talking about [Photoshop][2]. When it comes to Linux alternative to Adobe Photoshop, there is only one name that comes to mind: [GIMP][3]. GIMP is a cross platform, full featured, professional grade image editing application that comes with almost all the features as Photoshop. Unlike Photoshop, GIMP is free in all platforms such as Linux, Windows, OS X etc. + +You can install GIMP is Ubuntu from Ubuntu Software Center. + +If you are Photoshop addict and have difficulties in adjusting to looks and shortcuts of GIMP, I would recommend [Gimpshop][4]. It’s basically GIMP but made to feel and look like Photoshop. And it’s free as well. + +### Photo management applications in Linux ### + +I am talking about applications that handle image library. You can view your images, import them from camera and phones, edit them a little, share them etc. In Windows, we have Windows Photo Viewer. In Linux, [Shotwell][5] is the most popular photo management these days. It is the default applications in various Linux distributions, Ubuntu being one of them. Unlike GIMP, Shotwell is lightweight but offers very basic editing features. + +One good alternative to Shotwell is [gThumb][6]. + +### Applications to handle raw camera images in Linux ### + +As the price of DSLRs decreases, number of (amateur) photographer increases in same proportion. As many DSLRs use RAW format to save the images, default image viewers like Shotwell won’t be able to handle these images. This is where application like [digiKam][7] comes in picture. An Open Source software, digiKam lets you handle your high end camera images in a professional manner. You can view, manage, edit, enhance, organize, tag, and share photographs with digiKam. + +Another alternative to digiKam is [GTKRawGallery][8] which also focuses on handling camera images. + +### Paint applications in Linux ### + +If you are looking for Linux alternatives to Microsoft [Paint][9], my first choice is Pinta. You can do a little editing such as annotate with text, draw circles etc. You can draw images with pencil, brush and spray. In Ubuntu, Pinta can be installed from Ubuntu Software Center. + +Another alternative to Pinta is [Krita][10] which is more powerful and provides more features. Better than a paint app but not as good as GIMP. + +### Instagram like applications in Linux ### + +In the end, lets talk about beautifying your images. We have numerous retro image effects apps on mobile devices but that’s not the case with desktop. To apply Instagram like effects in Linux, I know only [XnRetro][11] which does the work in a neat way. I recommend reading this article to know more about [how to use XnRetro in Ubuntu][12]. + +That compiles the list of various type of image applications available in Ubuntu and other Linux distributions. It’s not that this is the complete list of such apps. In fact there are many more. I have just listed the best in each category. + +What you think? Do you use some other application for a particular purpose? Do share your views with us. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://itsfoss.com/image-applications-ubuntu-linux/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://itsfoss.com/reasons-switch-linux-windows-xp/ +[2]:http://www.photoshop.com/ +[3]:http://www.gimp.org/ +[4]:http://www.gimpshop.com/ +[5]:https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Shotwell +[6]:https://wiki.gnome.org/action/show/Apps/gthumb?action=show&redirect=gthumb +[7]:http://www.digikam.org/ +[8]:http://gtkrawgallery.sourceforge.net/src/en/home.html +[9]:http://pinta-project.com/ +[10]:http://krita.org/index.php +[11]:http://www.xnview.com/en/xnretro/ +[12]:http://itsfoss.com/add-instagram-effects-xnretro-ubuntu-linux/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md b/sources/tech/Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2d035e89db --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip] +================================================================================ +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Bluetooth_Ubuntu.jpeg) + +I recently bought a new Dell Inspiron 7437 and one of the first few things I did was to [dual boot the pre-installed Windows 8 with Ubuntu 14.04][1]. My older laptop did not have Bluetooth, strange but true. This is why I never noticed that **Bluetooth is always on at each boot in Ubuntu**. + +This is not good, from both power saving and security purpose. Moreover, I hardly use Bluetooth, so why should I have Bluetooth enabled by default? While one can turn off Bluetooth in one click in Ubuntu, doing it in each session is a repetitive and frustrating task. Simpler solution is to **deactivate Bluetooth at start up in Ubuntu**. + +In today’s quick post, I’ll share with you how to disable Bluetooth by default at each start up. + +### Turn off Bluetooth by default in Ubuntu 14.04: ### + +Open a terminal and use the following command to install [gksu][2], if you dot have it installed it already. + + sudo apt-get install gksu + +gksu is used to enter password while running a program as root. Once you have gksu installed, use the command below: + + gksudo gedit /etc/rc.local + +It will open the rc.local file. Just add the following line just before exit 0. + + rfkill block bluetooth + +Altogether, your rc.local file look like this: + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/rfkill_Bluetooth.png) + +That would be it. Restart the computer and you should see that Bluetooth has been disabled. Of course you can turn it on when required by the Bluetooth indicator on the top panel. + +### Explanation: ### + +This little section is just to give a brief explanation of what we did here. It’s not obligatory to read this section. You can skip to comment section for your suggestions or thanks :) + +rc.local file is used to run various shell commands at start up time. These commands are user defined. In a clean install, rc.local has no commands to run. What we did here was to add **rfkill block bluetooth**. [rfkill][3] is a tool to query the state of various switches, buttons and subsytem interfaces. With this command in rc.localm we are basically soft blocking Bluetooth at each start up time. I hope this explains the things a bit. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://itsfoss.com/turn-off-bluetooth-by-default-in-ubuntu-14-04/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://itsfoss.com/install-ubuntu-1404-dual-boot-mode-windows-8-81-uefi/ +[2]:https://wiki.gnome.org/action/show/Apps/Attic/gksu?action=show&redirect=gksu +[3]:http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Documentation/rfkill \ No newline at end of file From 58d682fffeaf05e59b357be0c767a39e43fb0922 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Mon, 26 May 2014 20:14:49 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 281/601] alim0x translating --- ...rn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md b/sources/tech/Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md index 2d035e89db..fcefd2209f 100644 --- a/sources/tech/Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md +++ b/sources/tech/Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +alim0x translating + Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip] ================================================================================ ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Bluetooth_Ubuntu.jpeg) @@ -44,4 +46,4 @@ via: http://itsfoss.com/turn-off-bluetooth-by-default-in-ubuntu-14-04/ [1]:http://itsfoss.com/install-ubuntu-1404-dual-boot-mode-windows-8-81-uefi/ [2]:https://wiki.gnome.org/action/show/Apps/Attic/gksu?action=show&redirect=gksu -[3]:http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Documentation/rfkill \ No newline at end of file +[3]:http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Documentation/rfkill From fa2e563627d9422bda2e4400a6c277a55e95e080 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Mon, 26 May 2014 22:37:18 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 282/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=AF=95=20?= =?UTF-8?q?by=20alim0x?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md | 47 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 47 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/tech/Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md diff --git a/translated/tech/Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md b/translated/tech/Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6701a43cf8 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +在Ubuntu 14.04中默认关闭蓝牙[快速秘诀] +================================================================================ +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Bluetooth_Ubuntu.jpeg) + +我最近新买了一台Dell Inspiron 7437，我第一时间做的一些事情之一就是[让预装的Windows 8和Ubuntu 14.04双启动][1]。我旧的笔记本没有蓝牙，听起来很奇怪但事实就是这样。这就是我为何从来没有注意到**蓝牙总是在Ubuntu的每次启动时自动开启**。 + +从节能和安全目的来说这都不是件好事。而且，我几乎不使用蓝牙，所以我为何要让蓝牙默认启用？尽管在Ubuntu中只要一次点击就能关闭蓝牙，但每次登录都要这样重复地做一遍真是件令人泄气的任务。更简单的解决方案是**在Ubuntu启动的时候关闭蓝牙**。 + +在今天的帖子中，我将与您分享如何在每次启动是默认禁用蓝牙。 + +### 在Ubuntu 14.04中默认关闭蓝牙： ### + +打开一个终端并使用以下命令来安装[gksu][2]（如果你还没有安装它的话）。 + + sudo apt-get install gksu + +gksu是用来在以root权限运行程序时输入密码的程序。当你已经安装了gksu之后，使用下列命令： + + gksudo gedit /etc/rc.local + +它会打开rc.local这个文件。只需在文件中的exit 0之前加入下列命令： + + rfkill block bluetooth + +就这样，你的rc.local文件看起来就像这样： + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/rfkill_Bluetooth.png) + +这就是全部步骤了。重新启动电脑，您应该能够看到蓝牙已经被禁用了。当然您需要使用它的时候可以从指示器面板的蓝牙标志打开它。 + +### 小说明： ### + +这一小部分只是对我们做了什么进行简短的解释。您不需要一定阅读完这一部分。您可以直接跳到评论部分留下您的建议和感谢 :) + +rc.local文件是用来记录在系统启动的时候运行的各种shell命令的。这些命令是用户定义的。在一个干净的安装中，rc.local文件中没有任何命令。我们做的就是在这里面加入命令 **rfkill block bluetooth**。[rfkill][3]是一个用来查询各种开关，按钮和底层系统接口状态的工具。我们在rc.local中使用这个命令来在每次启动的时候软关闭（译注：与其对应的是硬关闭，指通过硬件开关来关闭）蓝牙。我希望这些能把原理解释的清楚一点。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://itsfoss.com/turn-off-bluetooth-by-default-in-ubuntu-14-04/ + +译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://itsfoss.com/install-ubuntu-1404-dual-boot-mode-windows-8-81-uefi/ +[2]:https://wiki.gnome.org/action/show/Apps/Attic/gksu?action=show&redirect=gksu +[3]:http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Documentation/rfkill From 851f3cb7451f4661267ef2ae84ec08aa45434223 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Mon, 26 May 2014 22:40:15 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 283/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=AF=95=20?= =?UTF-8?q?by=20alim0x?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md b/translated/tech/Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md index 6701a43cf8..a2b828550a 100644 --- a/translated/tech/Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md +++ b/translated/tech/Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ gksu是用来在以root权限运行程序时输入密码的程序。当你已经 ### 小说明： ### -这一小部分只是对我们做了什么进行简短的解释。您不需要一定阅读完这一部分。您可以直接跳到评论部分留下您的建议和感谢 :) +这一小部分只是对我们做了什么进行简短的解释。您并不一定要阅读完这一部分。您可以直接跳到评论部分留下您的建议和感谢 :) rc.local文件是用来记录在系统启动的时候运行的各种shell命令的。这些命令是用户定义的。在一个干净的安装中，rc.local文件中没有任何命令。我们做的就是在这里面加入命令 **rfkill block bluetooth**。[rfkill][3]是一个用来查询各种开关，按钮和底层系统接口状态的工具。我们在rc.local中使用这个命令来在每次启动的时候软关闭（译注：与其对应的是硬关闭，指通过硬件开关来关闭）蓝牙。我希望这些能把原理解释的清楚一点。 From 60a2748c83c1e6865a4ec03454e0a70d51b1d80f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Mon, 26 May 2014 22:40:42 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 284/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=AF=95?= =?UTF-8?q?=E5=88=A0=E9=99=A4?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md | 49 ------------------- 1 file changed, 49 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md diff --git a/sources/tech/Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md b/sources/tech/Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md deleted file mode 100644 index fcefd2209f..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,49 +0,0 @@ -alim0x translating - -Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip] -================================================================================ -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Bluetooth_Ubuntu.jpeg) - -I recently bought a new Dell Inspiron 7437 and one of the first few things I did was to [dual boot the pre-installed Windows 8 with Ubuntu 14.04][1]. My older laptop did not have Bluetooth, strange but true. This is why I never noticed that **Bluetooth is always on at each boot in Ubuntu**. - -This is not good, from both power saving and security purpose. Moreover, I hardly use Bluetooth, so why should I have Bluetooth enabled by default? While one can turn off Bluetooth in one click in Ubuntu, doing it in each session is a repetitive and frustrating task. Simpler solution is to **deactivate Bluetooth at start up in Ubuntu**. - -In today’s quick post, I’ll share with you how to disable Bluetooth by default at each start up. - -### Turn off Bluetooth by default in Ubuntu 14.04: ### - -Open a terminal and use the following command to install [gksu][2], if you dot have it installed it already. - - sudo apt-get install gksu - -gksu is used to enter password while running a program as root. Once you have gksu installed, use the command below: - - gksudo gedit /etc/rc.local - -It will open the rc.local file. Just add the following line just before exit 0. - - rfkill block bluetooth - -Altogether, your rc.local file look like this: - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/rfkill_Bluetooth.png) - -That would be it. Restart the computer and you should see that Bluetooth has been disabled. Of course you can turn it on when required by the Bluetooth indicator on the top panel. - -### Explanation: ### - -This little section is just to give a brief explanation of what we did here. It’s not obligatory to read this section. You can skip to comment section for your suggestions or thanks :) - -rc.local file is used to run various shell commands at start up time. These commands are user defined. In a clean install, rc.local has no commands to run. What we did here was to add **rfkill block bluetooth**. [rfkill][3] is a tool to query the state of various switches, buttons and subsytem interfaces. With this command in rc.localm we are basically soft blocking Bluetooth at each start up time. I hope this explains the things a bit. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://itsfoss.com/turn-off-bluetooth-by-default-in-ubuntu-14-04/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://itsfoss.com/install-ubuntu-1404-dual-boot-mode-windows-8-81-uefi/ -[2]:https://wiki.gnome.org/action/show/Apps/Attic/gksu?action=show&redirect=gksu -[3]:http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Documentation/rfkill From 4ae8a489ff6ff362b01d5ff488ebb15d3faf3f4c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: GOLinux Date: Tue, 27 May 2014 07:56:26 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 285/601] Translated:TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md --- ...hView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md | 115 ------------------ ...hView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md | 104 ++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 104 insertions(+), 115 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md create mode 100644 translated/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md diff --git a/sources/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md b/sources/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md deleted file mode 100644 index acc4b538bb..0000000000 --- a/sources/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,115 +0,0 @@ -TechView: Linus Torvalds, Inventor of Linux -================================================================================ -![](http://images.huffingtonpost.com/2012-06-27-techscapelogocolumn1.jpg) - -> TechView is a new part of TechScape featuring exclusive interviews and long-running conversations with Technology glitterati about all things Technology. -> -> Our first conversation is with [Linus Torvalds][1] the legendary inventor of Linux and founder of the Open Source crusade. Torvalds was born in Helsinki, Finland the grandson of poet Ole Torvalds. Though he prefers to tell people he was named after the "Peanuts" character, the truth is he was named after Linus Pauling, two-time Nobel Prize-winner. His computer experience began with a Commodore, moved to a Sinclair and an IBM 386. He initially used a Minix OS which he swapped with his own Linux OS. Torvalds is married to wife, Tove, a six-time Finnish national karate champion, they have three daughters and live in San Jose, California. - -**TechView (TV)**: What excites you in Technology today? - -**Torvalds**: I'm pretty much an "eyes on the ground in front of you" kind of guy, so I get excited by actual new pieces of technology rather than some more fluffy "big trends". - -I love following what the hardware companies do, their newest chips, and what probably motivates me the most (since I'm a software person, after all) is people who come up with new algorithms and software to take advantage of all those new capabilities. - -**TV**: What really pisses you off in Technology today? How and why does it make you angry? - -**Torvalds**: I wouldn't say it makes me angry, but if there's something distasteful in the tech market, it's the glorification of the most visible "leaders". - -That very much includes me, btw. I think the whole "cult of personality" is pretty disturbing, and I hate how people take me and what I say too seriously. The same goes for Jobs, Ellison, Gates, you name it. I wish more people thought for themselves, and realized that the technology actually flows from all those random anonymous great engineers that are all around. - -I understand that people want and need a focus, and that it doesn't just happen in technology either (hey, I sure hope it happens less in technology than it happens in the entertainment industry ;), but it's still a bit sad. - -**TV**: How was it that you missed capturing "the licensing opportunity of a lifetime" but others such as Red Hat, SuSE, etc. didn't? Was this because if Linux wasn't Open Source it never would've been Linux? Tell me more about this and whether you've ever been kicking yourself over it. - -**TV**: I'm definitely not kicking myself over anything. I'm in the enviable position that I get to do what I love to do, and people respect me for it, and I'm even paid to do things that I would (and did) do for free! - -I think very few people get to feel like they have actually made a difference, and let me tell you, it's a good feeling to have. I was never very interested in the commercial side, and to me the people and companies who were able to take Linux and use it commercially are the people who did what I simply would never have had the drive to do. And it was needed, and useful, so I'm actually very grateful for the commercial entities: they've allowed me to concentrate on the parts I enjoy. - -**TV**: Who do you respect in Technology today and why? - -**Torvalds**: Heh. See my answer ranting against that whole "cult of personality". I'm just not all that impressed by the whole "let's find a person and put him on a pedestal" thing. - -So rather than name individuals, I'd be much happier to point to things like the EFF - the organizations (and sometimes just the notions and ideas) that try to not necessarily improve just their own lot in life, but try to do something concrete to help make technology work better in a bigger picture. - -On an individual level, I tend to like people who don't take themselves too seriously, and play well at what they do. If I had to pick some well-known individual, I think the Steve Wozniak kind of person is the kind that I'd prefer to be, and I guess that makes me respect him. - -**TV**: What happens in your estimation between Google and Microsoft when it's all been said and done? Why does the winner win? - -**Torvalds**: I don't think the winner is nearly as interesting as the process of it happening. - -In the whole Google vs. MS, I really don't think the companies themselves are as interesting as the changes in the technology environment that made the focus shift. It shifted from the company that controlled what happened on individual machines, to a company that is much more about the aggregate of tons of individual machines. - -**TV**: Why do you think the Tech Wreck, Dot-Com Debacle and Telecom Meltdown occurred? How can we prevent a repeat in the future? - -**Torvalds**: Actually, I'm going to be contrarian on that, and argue that there's no reason to "prevent a repeat". - -I'm a big believer in pushing the envelope, and I'm not a huge believer in trying to be entirely stable and 100% "sane". - -A lot of real development happens in spurts, and as part of what later is called "hype" and other unflattering things. But the thing is, trying too hard to be sane and boring and not doing stupid things is actually -counter-productive. - -I personally think the stable development model is not one of continual incremental improvements, but a succession of overshooting and crashing. - -The gradual incremental improvement may often look like the better strategy, but if you don't overshoot and crash occasionally, how do you ever know that you're actually ever pushing the envelope at all? - -**TV**: How will Technology change our lives in the future? Would you work with any other leaders in other sectors to create new technologies, Bioinformatics, for instance? - -**Torvalds**: My personal theory is that technology doesn't change our lives nearly as much as we tend to build our technology to suit our lives. - -Which is why you don't see flying cars etc favorite staples of science fiction - but instead see technology being used to lower the transaction costs of things that existed before but where it just wasn't practical -before to do them on a bigger scale or individually tailored (except, sometimes, for the insanely rich). - -So technology seldom directly changes our lives per se - although it often means that lots more people have access to things that used to be rare, or only limited to the insanely rich. - -The real changes come about when something gets so cheap and ubiquitous that that just causes you to behave differently. And in many ways, those behavioural changes are more interesting than the technology itself. - -For example, the one thing that the internet really did was to lower the "transaction cost" of finding and communicating with other people who shared your interests, and I think a lot of the real changes flowed from how people change their habits when it's easy to find other people who are interested in the same things without having to really even go to much effort. - -So you find all these specialty interest groups, and a lot of people spending a lot of time discussing the most esoteric issues that they just happen to find interesting - things that you simply couldn't necessarily -practically do before, because it was really hard to find and talk to people who were interested in some unusual speciality. - -And I think that's how lives really change - not really because of any new technological whiz-bang feature, but because a totally unintentional side effect of technology lowering the incremental costs. - -**TV**: Who in your estimation are the most important people in Technology today? - -**Torvalds**: I think it's a bit telling how a lot of technology is driven no longer by military or even commercial needs, but by the consumer market. I also think that a lot of the totally idiotic things that companies seem to be doing (DRM in particular) seem to be overlooking that the most important person for any technology always ends up being the "user". - -So I think the answer to your question as far as I'm concerned is the "user" aka "consumer", and that it's the most important part exactly because THAT is where the needs and the actual commercial successes will stem from. - -**TV**: What are some of your personal views? Religion? Politics? - -**Torvalds**: I'm completely a-religious--atheist. I find that people seem to think religion brings morals and appreciation of nature. I actually think it detracts from both. It gives people the excuse to say, 'Oh, nature was just created,' and so the act of creation is seen to be something miraculous. I appreciate the fact that, 'Wow, it's incredible that something like this could have happened in the first place.' Yeah, it's kind of ironic that in many European countries, there is actually a kind of legal binding between the state and the state religion. - -I became a United States citizen and I'm registered to vote in the United States. I don't support any political party because I have way too much personal pride to want to be associated with any of them, quite frankly. - -**TV**: Kiitos Linus! - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/billrobinson/techview-linus-torvalds-i_b_5338844.html - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds -[2]: -[3]: -[4]: -[5]: -[6]: -[7]: -[8]: -[9]: -[10]: -[11]: -[12]: -[13]: -[14]: -[15]: -[16]: -[17]: -[18]: -[19]: -[20]: \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md b/translated/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ac45bdc506 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ +技术视点：李纳斯·托沃兹，Linux的缔造者 +================================================================================ +![](http://images.huffingtonpost.com/2012-06-27-techscapelogocolumn1.jpg) + +> 技术视点是技术视角（TechScape）的一个新的组成部分，其特色是与科技界的上层人士进行独家采访和长时间谈话，探讨科技动态。 +> 我们的第一个谈话对象是[李纳斯·托沃兹][1]，Linux的传奇缔造者以及开源改革先驱。托沃兹生于芬兰的赫尔辛基，是诗人奥尔·托沃兹的孙子。尽管他更喜欢告诉人们，他的名字来自于“花生”里角色，但事实是他是以李纳斯·鲍林——两次诺贝尔奖获得者的名字来命名的。他的计算机经历是从康懋达公司的一台Amiga 500计算机上开始的，搬到辛克莱尔后又换到了IBM的386上。刚开始，他使用的是Minix操作系统，后来在该系统上衍生出了他自己的Linux操作系统。托沃兹和他的妻子托芙——六次芬兰全国空手道冠军结婚了，婚后他们定居在加利佛尼亚的圣何塞，育有三个女儿。 + +**技术视点（TV）**：在当今科技中，什么令你感兴趣？ + +**托沃兹**：我差不多是个“鼠目寸光”的家伙，所以相对于那些更空洞的“大潮流”，我对实在的新的零散的技术更感兴趣。 +我喜欢跟踪公司生产的新硬件，它们最新的芯片，而可能最能激励我的是（因为毕竟我是个做软件的）那些提出新的算法并开发新的软件来利用这些新功能的人。 + +**TV**：那在当今科技中，什么真正让你感到生气？它怎么会让你生气，以及为什么让你生气？ + +**托沃兹**：我不会用生气这个词，但是如果真要说技术市场中有什么让人反感的，那就是对那些最令人瞩目的“领袖”们的赞美。 + +这里，当然也包括我。我认为，整个的“个人崇拜”相当令人不安。而且，我很痛恨把我以及我所说的话看得太重。对于乔布斯，埃里森，盖茨，凡是你说得出的人来讲也一样。我希望更多的人能自己思考，并且意识到技术实际上来自遍布全球的那些默默无闻的伟大的工程师中的一员。 + +我理解人们想要并且需要一个焦点，而这种事也不仅仅发生在技术世界中（嘿，毫无疑问，我希望这事在技术世界中要发生得比娱乐行业来得少；）但是，这事仍然有点令人沮丧。 + +**TV**：你是怎么错过“申请终身许可证的机会”，而其它像Red Hat，SuSE等等却抓住了这个机会？这是因为如果Linux不开源，它就不是Linux了？你能谈谈更多情况吗？你是否在此事上有点自甘堕落了？ + +**托沃兹**：我当然不会因为任何事情自甘堕落。我有着令人羡慕的地位，我能干我喜欢的事情。而且，人们因此而尊重我。况且，我想要做的（而我已经做了）无偿工作也获得了酬劳。 +我想，很少有人会感觉到他们实际上已经有所不同，那么让我来告诉你吧，这种感觉真不错。对于商业方面，我从来都不感兴趣。而且，对我来说，那些可以采用Linux并把它商用的人和公司只是做了我从没有动力做的事情。而这项工作需要人做，也很有益。因此，事实上我很感谢那些商业实体：它们让我集中精力干我想干的那部分事情。 + +**TV**：在当今的科技界，哪位是你尊敬的人？为什么？ + +**托沃兹**：嗨！看看我对于整个“个人崇拜”的控诉吧。我只是并不对那种“让我们找个人并把他置于令人尊敬的地位上”的事情印象深刻。 + +所以，与其个人扬名，我更高兴去做像EFF这样的事情，这些组织（有时候只是观念和想法）不是要试着去穷其一生提升他们自己，而是试着去做一些实质性的事情来给予帮助，让技术工作在一个更大的蓝图中变得更好。 + +在个人层面上，我更喜欢那些不把他们太当一回事而又在他们的本质工作上干得很好的人。如果一定要我说一些知名人士，我想我更愿意成为斯蒂芬·沃兹尼克那样的人，而这也是我尊敬他的原因。 + +**TV**：照你估计，当谷歌和微软都实现了各自的诺言，他们之间会发生什么？胜者又为什么会胜出？ + +**托沃兹**：我不认为获胜的结果会和获胜的过程一样有趣。 +在整个谷歌和微软的竞争中，我真的不认为公司本身比改变技术环境来转移人们的视线更有趣。焦点从一个控制发生在单台机器上的公司转移到了更多关注整合大量独立机器的公司。 + +**TV**：为什么你会认为像科技灾难，互联网泡沫崩溃以及电信业崩盘这样的事会发生？我们在今后怎样来防止它们再发生？ + +**托沃兹**：实际上，我对此类事情持相反的看法，并且没有理由去“阻止它们反复”。 + +我是坚信超越极限，但是我不太相信会完全稳定，而且百分百“正常”。 + +大量真正的进展在井喷似的发生，而后来成了被称为“夸大宣传”以及其它不讨好的事情的一部分。但事情是，做了一些太难理解而且无聊的事情，而没有做些蠢事，这实在是事与愿违。 +我个人认为，稳定开发模型不是持续的增量改进，而是一连串的反应过度和崩溃。 +渐进增量改进常常可能看起来是更好的策略，但是如果你不是偶然地反应过度和崩溃，你又怎么知道你实际上是在超越极限呢？ + +**TV**：技术在将来会怎样改变我们的生活？你会和其它部门的领袖们一起创建新技术吗，比如生物信息学？ + +**托沃兹**：我个人的理论是，技术对我们的生活的改变没有我们构建技术来适应我们的生活来得多。 + +这就是为什么你看不到飞行汽车等喜爱的装订本科幻小说中的的东西——但是相反，你却看到了利用技术来降低交易成本这类此前就存在的事情，但此前不能大规模应用或者量身定制（除了有时候是为了那些富得冒油的做）。 + +因此，技术很少直接改变我们的生活本身——虽然它往往意味着更多的人能获得那些以前是罕见的或只限于暴富者的东西。 +真正的改变发生在当某些事物变得如此廉价并且遍地都是让你行为变得大不相同的时候。而在不同方面，这些行为上的改变要比技术本身来得更有趣。 + +例如，互联网做真正做的一件事是让你寻找并与志趣相投的人交流的成本更低。而且，我认为大量的真正的改变正是从人们无需付出太多努力就能找到其他和你对同一事物有相同兴趣的人的时候，他们的习惯因此而改变中得以体现。 +因此，你发现了所有的这些专业兴趣小组，以及许多人正在花大量时间讨论最神秘的问题，这些问题他们刚刚发现很有趣——这些事，你在之前不一定能实际去做的，因为那时真的很难找到和你在某些不同寻常的专业上志趣相投人并进行讨论。 + +而我认为那是生活真正改变的方式——而不是因为任何新技术的出色的特性，而是因为完全是技术降低增量成本后的无意的副作用。 + +**TV**：据你估计，当今科技界谁是举足轻重的人物？ + +**托沃兹**：我想大量的技术怎么会是由消费市场推动，而不再是由军方或甚至是商业需求推动这一点很说明问题。我也常常认为公司正在做的许多貌似愚蠢的事情（特别是DRM）似乎正忽略了一个事实：任何技术上最重要的人，他也最终总是个“用户”。 + +因此，就我而言，我认为你的问题的答案是“用户”，或者叫“消费者”，而那个确实是最重要的部分，因为那个正是需求和实际商业成功的根源。 + +**TV**：请谈一些你个人的观点,比如宗教？政治？ + +**托沃兹**：我完全是一个宗教——无神论者。我发现人们似乎认为宗教带给人道德和感激自然的情感。事实上我认为，它反而把这两方面都削弱了。它给人们理由来说“哦，自然刚被创立”，以及创世行为是神奇的事情。我欣赏此事实“哇，真让人难以置信，竟然首先发生了这样的事情。”是啊，这是种讽刺。在许多欧洲国家，事实上国家和国家宗教之间具有法律约束力。 + +我成了一位美国公民，并且我注册取得了在美国的投票权。我不支持任何政党，因为相当坦率地说，我有太多个人引以为豪的东西，不想和他们中的任何人有什么关联。 + +**TV**：谢谢，李纳斯！ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/billrobinson/techview-linus-torvalds-i_b_5338844.html + +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds +[2]: +[3]: +[4]: +[5]: +[6]: +[7]: +[8]: +[9]: +[10]: +[11]: +[12]: +[13]: +[14]: +[15]: +[16]: +[17]: +[18]: +[19]: +[20]: \ No newline at end of file From 3550a9bb983b4dd3dd84c6f791a0a674bd172707 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Mon, 26 May 2014 19:03:23 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 286/601] Update 10 Useful'Interview Questions and Answers'on Linux Shell Scripting.md --- ...Interview Questions and Answers'on Linux Shell Scripting.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/10 Useful'Interview Questions and Answers'on Linux Shell Scripting.md b/sources/talk/10 Useful'Interview Questions and Answers'on Linux Shell Scripting.md index 1cd290f20e..98c98602cf 100644 --- a/sources/talk/10 Useful'Interview Questions and Answers'on Linux Shell Scripting.md +++ b/sources/talk/10 Useful'Interview Questions and Answers'on Linux Shell Scripting.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +Translating by GOLinux ... Any question? 10 Useful ‘Interview Questions and Answers’ on Linux Shell Scripting ================================================================================ Greeting of the day. The vastness of Linux makes it possible to come up with a unique post every time. We ‘**The-Tecmint-Team**‘ works to provide our readers with unique contents which is useful for them from career perspective as well as adding to the Knowledge base. Here is an attempt and it is on our readers to judge how far we succeed. @@ -147,4 +148,4 @@ via: http://www.tecmint.com/interview-questions-on-shell-scripting/ [17]: [18]: [19]: -[20]: \ No newline at end of file +[20]: From 707e4c1decf4eccadb2e6853d91479c889dcb751 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: carolinewuyan <309866211@qq.com> Date: Tue, 27 May 2014 09:51:42 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 287/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9=E4=B8=AD?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/translated/talk/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md b/translated/talk/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md index 53f239f625..61cbbc1f49 100644 --- a/translated/talk/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md +++ b/translated/talk/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Coverity的分析中发现，扫描服务中的开源的C/C++项目的平均缺 * Linux继续成为开源质量的基准。通过利用扫描服务，Linux将修复一个新发现的缺陷的时间从122天减少到仅6天。从2008年第一个Coverity扫描报告发布后，扫描过的Linux版本的缺陷密度一直小于1.0。在2013年，Coverity扫描了超过850万行Linux代码并发现缺陷密度为 .61。 -* C/C++开发者修复了更多的高风险缺陷。Coverity分析报告发现贡献于开源Java项目的开发者修复的高风险缺陷的数量没有贡献于开源C/C++项目的开发者修复的多。 +* C/C++开发者修复了更多的高风险缺陷。Coverity分析报告发现贡献于开源Java项目的开发者修复的高风险缺陷的数量没有贡献于开源C/C++项目的开发者修复的多。 参加扫描服务的Java项目开发者只修复了百分之13的经鉴定的资源泄露，而C/C++项目开发者修复了百分之46。这一方面可能是因为Java编程社区错误的安全感的原因，这种安全感是因为内建于语言的保护，比如垃圾收集。然而，垃圾收集不可预测的而且不能访问系统资源，所以这些项目处于危险之中。 From fdb8d23e61042050b23dd4dbb86acb9499191ccc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: carolinewuyan <309866211@qq.com> Date: Tue, 27 May 2014 10:25:14 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 288/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B7=B2=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9=EF=BC=88?= =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E6=97=A0=E8=AF=AF=EF=BC=8C=E4=BB=85=E6=9C=89?= =?UTF-8?q?4=E5=A4=84=E5=B0=8F=E4=BF=AE=E6=94=B9=EF=BC=89?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...re quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md | 8 ++++---- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/talk/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md b/translated/talk/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md index 61cbbc1f49..c3685e5b5e 100644 --- a/translated/talk/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md +++ b/translated/talk/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Coverity扫描报告首次发现开源软件质量超过专有软件 ================================================================================ ![](http://www.ciol.com/IMG/550/80550/synopsys-logo-370x264.jpg) -**Coverity开启了免费开发服务，允许任何对开源软件质量感兴趣的人查看项目** +**Coverity开启了免费开发测试服务，允许任何对开源软件质量感兴趣的人查看项目** 特点 | CIOL Bureau @@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ Coverity扫描报告首次发现开源软件质量超过专有软件 在2013年Coverity扫描报告中，他们分析了超过700个C/C++开源项目和一个匿名的企业项目的样本。另外，报告中还强调了几个流行的开源Java项目的分析结果，这些项目从2013年3月就加入了扫描服务。 -Coverity扫描开源项目报告成为了一个衡量开放源代码质量状态的广泛接受的标准。在过去8年时间里，Coverity扫描服务分析了超过1500个开源项目的数亿行代码——其中包括的C/C++项目中有NetBSD, FreeBSD，LibreOffice和Linux等，Java项目中有Apache Hadoop，HBase以及Cassandra等。 +Coverity扫描开源项目报告成为了一个被广泛接受的衡量开放源代码质量状态的标准。在过去8年时间里，Coverity扫描服务分析了超过1500个开源项目的数亿行代码——其中包括的C/C++项目中有NetBSD, FreeBSD，LibreOffice和Linux等，Java项目中有Apache Hadoop，HBase以及Cassandra等。 自2006年已来，扫描服务帮助开发者发现和修复了超过94,000缺陷。近50,000缺陷是仅在2013年一年修复的——这是扫描服务的用户在一年中修复缺陷的最大数量。在这些缺陷中，其中有超过11,000的缺陷修复于服务中四个最大的项目：NetBSD，FreeBSD，LibreOffice和Linux。 -### 2013年报告中关键发现包括： ### +### 2013年报告中重要发现包括： ### * C/C++项目中开源软件代码质量超过专有软件。缺陷密度（每1,000行软件代码所含的缺陷）是一个通用的测量软件质量的方法，缺陷密度1.0被认为是高质量软件的公认的行业标准。 @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Coverity的分析中发现，扫描服务中的开源的C/C++项目的平均缺 * C/C++开发者修复了更多的高风险缺陷。Coverity分析报告发现贡献于开源Java项目的开发者修复的高风险缺陷的数量没有贡献于开源C/C++项目的开发者修复的多。 -参加扫描服务的Java项目开发者只修复了百分之13的经鉴定的资源泄露，而C/C++项目开发者修复了百分之46。这一方面可能是因为Java编程社区错误的安全感的原因，这种安全感是因为内建于语言的保护，比如垃圾收集。然而，垃圾收集不可预测的而且不能访问系统资源，所以这些项目处于危险之中。 +参加扫描服务的Java项目开发者只修复了百分之13的经鉴定的资源泄露，而C/C++项目开发者修复了百分之46。这一方面可能是因为Java编程社区错误的安全感的原因，这种安全感是因为内建于语言的保护，比如垃圾收集。然而，垃圾收集是不可预测的，而且不能访问系统资源，所以这些项目处于危险之中。 * HBase是Java项目的基准。 Coverity分析了100个开源Java项目的超过800万行代码，包括流行的大数据项目Apache Hadoop 2.3 (320,000 行代码)和Apache Cassandra (345,000 行代码)。 From a1a9ca651ceea89b340281b3ccd023038c73dd61 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: carolinewuyan <309866211@qq.com> Date: Tue, 27 May 2014 10:30:06 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 289/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B7=B2=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9=EF=BC=88?= =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E6=97=A0=E8=AF=AF=EF=BC=8C=E4=BB=85=E6=9C=89?= =?UTF-8?q?4=E5=A4=84=E5=B0=8F=E4=BF=AE=E6=94=B9=EF=BC=89?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ftware quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/talk/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md b/translated/talk/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md index c3685e5b5e..4c6e3b457e 100644 --- a/translated/talk/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md +++ b/translated/talk/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -Coverity扫描报告首次发现开源软件质量超过专有软件 +Coverity 扫描报告首次发现开源软件质量超过专有软件 ================================================================================ ![](http://www.ciol.com/IMG/550/80550/synopsys-logo-370x264.jpg) @@ -42,6 +42,6 @@ Coverity今天也宣布已经开放了Coverity扫描服务，允许任何对开 via: http://www.ciol.com/ciol/features/213112/coverity-scan-report-source-software-quality-outpaces-proprietary-code/page/1 -译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 08fc012c001ca1d3ecf807e444e884cbd63c1d46 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: GOLinux Date: Tue, 27 May 2014 13:35:48 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 290/601] Translated:10 Useful 'Interview Questions and Answers' on Linux Shell Scripting.md --- ...ns and Answers'on Linux Shell Scripting.md | 150 ------------------ ...s and Answers' on Linux Shell Scripting.md | 129 +++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 129 insertions(+), 150 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/talk/10 Useful'Interview Questions and Answers'on Linux Shell Scripting.md create mode 100644 translated/talk/10 Useful 'Interview Questions and Answers' on Linux Shell Scripting.md diff --git a/sources/talk/10 Useful'Interview Questions and Answers'on Linux Shell Scripting.md b/sources/talk/10 Useful'Interview Questions and Answers'on Linux Shell Scripting.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1cd290f20e..0000000000 --- a/sources/talk/10 Useful'Interview Questions and Answers'on Linux Shell Scripting.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,150 +0,0 @@ -10 Useful ‘Interview Questions and Answers’ on Linux Shell Scripting -================================================================================ -Greeting of the day. The vastness of Linux makes it possible to come up with a unique post every time. We ‘**The-Tecmint-Team**‘ works to provide our readers with unique contents which is useful for them from career perspective as well as adding to the Knowledge base. Here is an attempt and it is on our readers to judge how far we succeed. - -![Questions on Shell Scripting](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Questions-on-Shell-Scripting.png) - -We have lots of tutorials on **Shell Scripting** language and **Interview Questions** for readers of all kind, here are the links to those articles. - -- [Shell Scripting Series][1] -- [Interview Question and Answer Series][2] - -Adding to the shell scripting posts here, in this article we will be going through questions related to Linux Shell from interview point of view. - -#### 1. How will you abort a shell script before it is successfully executed? #### - -> **Answer** : We need to use ‘exit’ command to fulfil the above described situation. A ‘exit’ command when forced to output any value other than 0 (zero), the script will throw an error and will abort. The value 0 (zero) under Unix environment shell scripting represents successful execution. Hence putting ‘exit -1’, without quotes before script termination will abort the script. - -For example, create a following shell script as ‘**anything.sh**‘. - - #!/bin/bash - echo "Hello" - exit -1 - echo "bye" - -Save the file and execute it. - - # sh anything.sh - - Hello - exit.sh: 3: exit: Illegal number: -1 - -From the above script, it is clear that the execution went well before exit -1 command. - -#### 2. How to remove the headers from a file using command in Linux? #### - -> **Answer** : A ‘sed’ command comes to rescue here, when we need to delete certain lines of a file. - -Here it the exact command to remove headers from a file (or first line of a file). - - # sed '1 d' file.txt - -The only problem with above command is that, it outputs the file on standard output without the first line. In order to save the output to file, we need to use redirect operator which will redirects the output to a file. - - # sed '1 d' file.txt > new_file.txt - -Well the built in switch ‘**-i**‘ for **sed** command, can perform this operation without a redirect operator. - - # sed -i '1 d' file.txt - -#### 3. How will you check the length of a line from a text file? #### - -> **Answer** : Again ‘sed’ command is used to find or check the length of a line from a text file. - -A ‘**sed –n ‘n p’ file.txt**‘, where ‘**n**‘ represents the line number and ‘**p**‘ print out the pattern space (to the standard output). This command is usually only used in conjunction with the **-n** command-line option. So, how to get the length count? Obviously! we need to pipeline the output with ‘**wc**‘ command. - - # sed –n 'n p' file.txt | wc –c - -To get the length of line number ’5′ in the text file ‘**tecmint.txt**‘, we need to run. - - # sed -n '5 p' tecmint.txt | wc -c - -#### 4. Is it possible to view all the non-printable characters from a text file on Linux System? How will you achieve this? #### - -> **Answer** : Yes! it is very much possible to view all the non-printable characters in Linux. In order to achieve the above said scenario, we need to take the help of editor ‘vi’. - -How to show non-printable characters in ‘**vi**‘ editor? - -- Open vi editor. -- Go to command mode of vi editor by pressing [esc] followed by ‘:’. -- The final step is to type execute [set list] command, from command interface of ‘vi’ editor. - -**Note**: This way we can see all the non-printable characters from a text file including **ctrl+m (^M)**. - -#### 5. You are a Team-Leader of a group of staffs working for a company xyz. The company ask you to create a directory ‘dir_xyz’, such that any member of the group can create a file or access a file under it, but no one can delete the file, except the one created it. what will you do? #### - -> **Answer** : An interesting scenario to work upon. Well in the above said scenario we need to implement the below steps which is as easy as cake walk. - - # mkdir dir_xyz - # chmod g+wx dir_xyz - # chmod +t dir_xyz - -The first line of command create a directory (**dir_xyz**). The second line of command above allow group (g) to have permission to ‘**write**‘ and ‘**execute**‘ and the last line of the above command – The ‘**+t**‘ in the end of the permissions is called the ‘**sticky bit**‘. It replaces the ‘x‘ and indicates that in this directory, files can only be deleted by their owners, the owner of the directory or the root superuser. - -#### 6. Can you tell me the various stages of a Linux process, it passes through? #### - -> **Answer** : A Linux process normally goes through four major stages in its processing life. - -Here are the 4 stages of Linux process. - -- Waiting: Linux Process waiting for a resource. -- Running : A Linux process is currently being executed. -- Stopped : A Linux Process is stopped after successful execution or after receiving kill signal. -- Zombie : A Process is said to be ‘Zombie’ if it has stopped but still active in process table. - -#### 7. What is the use of cut command in Linux? #### - -> **Answer** : A ‘cut’ is a very useful Linux command which proves to be helpful when we need to cut certain specific part of a file and print it on standard output, for better manipulation when the field of the file and file itself is too heavy. - -For example, extract first 10 columns of a text file ‘**txt_tecmint**‘. - - # cut -c1-10 txt_tecmint - -To extract 2nd, 5th and 7th column of the same text file. - - # cut -d;-f2 -f5 -f7 txt_tecmint - -#### 8. What is the difference between commands ‘cmp’ and ‘diff’? #### - -> **Answer** : The command ‘cmp’ and ‘diff’ means to obtain the same thing but with different mindset. - -The ‘**diff**‘ command reports the changes one should make so that both the files look the same. Whereas ‘**cmp**‘ command compares the two files byte-by-byte and reports the first mismatch. - -#### 9. Is it possible to substitute ‘ls’ command with ‘echo’ command? #### - -> **Answer** : Yes! the ‘ls’ command can be substituted by ‘echo’ command. The command ‘ls’ lists the content of file. From the point of view of replacement of above command we can use ‘echo *’, obviously without quotes. The output of both the commands are same. - -#### 10. You might have heard about inodes. can you describe inode briefly? #### - -> **Answer** : A ‘inode’ is a ‘data-structure’, which is used for file identification on Linux. Each file on an Unix System has a separate ‘inode’ and an ‘Unique’ inode Number. - -That’s all for now. We will be coming up with another interesting and knowledgeable Interview questions, in the next article. Till then Stay tuned and connected to Tecmint.com. Don’t forget to provide us, with your valuable feedback in the comment section below. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.tecmint.com/interview-questions-on-shell-scripting/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/category/bash-shell/ -[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/category/interview-questions/ -[3]: -[4]: -[5]: -[6]: -[7]: -[8]: -[9]: -[10]: -[11]: -[12]: -[13]: -[14]: -[15]: -[16]: -[17]: -[18]: -[19]: -[20]: \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/talk/10 Useful 'Interview Questions and Answers' on Linux Shell Scripting.md b/translated/talk/10 Useful 'Interview Questions and Answers' on Linux Shell Scripting.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ff09472530 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/talk/10 Useful 'Interview Questions and Answers' on Linux Shell Scripting.md @@ -0,0 +1,129 @@ +关于Linux Shell脚本的10个有用的“面试问题和解答” +================================================================================ +首先致上每日问候。Linux的浩瀚无垠，使人总能每次都提交与众不同的内容。我们“**The-Tecmint-Team**”的工作是给我们的读者提供一些独特的内容，这些内容不仅对他们的职业生涯很有用，同时也让他们增长知识。在此，我们就尝试这么去做，至于能取得多大的成功，就由我们的读者朋友们来判断吧。 +![Questions on Shell Scripting](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Questions-on-Shell-Scripting.png) + +我们为各类用户提供了关于**Shell脚本**语言和**面试问题**的很多教程，可以访问以下链接去阅读这些文章。 +- [Shell脚本系列][1] +- [面试问题与解答系列][2] + +在此，作为shell脚本的附加内容，在本文中我们将从面试的角度解读与Linux Shell相关的问题。 +#### 1. 在shell脚本成功执行后，你怎么退出脚本？ #### +> **解答**：我们需要使用‘exit’命令来实现以上描述的情境。但‘exit’命令被强制输出非0值，脚本会报错并退出。在Unix环境下的shell脚本中，0值表示成功执行。因此，在脚本终止前赋予一个不带引号的‘exit -1’命令将使脚本退出。 + +例如，创建以下一个名为“**anything.sh**”的脚本。 + + #!/bin/bash + echo "Hello" + exit -1 + echo "bye" + +保存文件并执行。 + + # sh anything.sh + + Hello + exit.sh: 3: exit: Illegal number: -1 + +从上面的脚本中可以清楚地看到，在exit -1命令前，脚本执行得很好。 +#### 2. 如何使用Linux命令来移除文件头？ #### +> **解答**：当我们需要删除文件中的指定行时，‘sed’命令可以用来解决该问题。 +这个是用来删除文件头（文件的首行）的确切命令。 + + # sed '1 d' file.txt + +上面命令的问题是，它会在标准输出设备上输出不带首行的文件内容。为了保存输出到文件，我们需要使用重定向操作符，它将帮助你将输出重定向到文件。 + + # sed '1 d' file.txt > new_file.txt + +好吧，其实**sed**命令内建的‘**-i**’开关就可以干这活，就不需要重定向符了吧。 + + # sed -i '1 d' file.txt + +#### 3. 你怎么检查一个文本文件中某一行的长度？ #### +> **解答**：‘sed’命令也可以用来查找文本文件中的某一行或者检查其长度。 +‘**sed -n ‘n p’ file.txt**’可以解决，这里‘**n**’表示行号，‘**p**’打印出模式空间（到标准输出），该命令通常与**-n**命令行选项连用。那么，怎样来获取长度计数呢？很明显，我们需要通过管道输出给‘**wc**’命令来计算。 + + # sed –n 'n p' file.txt | wc –c + +To get the length of line number ’5′ in the text file ‘**tecmint.txt**‘, we need to run. + + # sed -n '5 p' tecmint.txt | wc -c + +#### 4. 可以在Linux系统上查看到所有非打印字符吗？你是怎么做到的？ #### +> **解答**：可以。可以在Linux中查看所有的非打印字符。要实现上面所讲的方案，我们需要‘vi’编辑器的帮助。 +怎样在‘**vi**’编辑器中显示非打印字符？ + +- 打开vi编辑器。 +- 先按[esc]键，然后按‘：’进入到vi编辑器的命令模式。 +- 最后，从‘vi’编辑器的命令界面输入[set list]命令并执行。 + +**注**: 这种方式可以查看文本文件中的所有非打印字符，包括**ctrl+m（^M）**。 + +#### 5. 假如你是一个员工组的团队领导，为xyz公司工作。公司要求你创建一个‘dir_xyz’目录，让该组成员都能在该目录下创建或访问文件，但是除了文件创建者不能删除文件，你会怎么做？ #### +> **解答**：这真是个有趣的工作方案。好吧，上面所讲的方案，我们需要通过下面的步骤来实施，这简直就是小菜一碟。 + + # mkdir dir_xyz + # chmod g+wx dir_xyz + # chmod +t dir_xyz + +第一行命令创建了一个目录（**dir_xyz**），上面的第二行命令让组（g）具有‘写’和‘执行’的权限，而上面的最后一行命令——权限位最后的‘+t’是‘粘滞位’，它用来替换‘x’，表明在这个目录中，文件只能被它们的拥有者、目录的拥有者或者是超级用户root删除。 +#### 6. 你能告诉我一个Linux进程经历的各个阶段吗？ #### +> **解答**：一个Linux进程在它的处理生活中，通常经历了四个主要阶段。 +这里是Linux进程要经历的四个阶段。 + +- 等待：Linux进程等待资源。 +- 运行：Linux进程当前正在执行中。 +- 停止：Linux进程在成功执行或收到杀死进程信号后停止。 +- 僵尸：当一个进程被称为‘僵尸’，如果该进程已经结束，那么它会仍然活动在进程表中。 + +#### 7. Linux中cut命令怎么用？ #### +> **解答**：‘cut’是一个很有用的Linux命令，当我们要截取文件的指定部分并打印到标准输出，当文本区域以及文件本身很大时，该命令被证明对操作很有帮助。 +例如，截取‘**txt_tecmint**’文件的前10列。 + + # cut -c1-10 txt_tecmint + +要截取该文件中的第二，第五和第七列。 + + # cut -d;-f2 -f5 -f7 txt_tecmint + +#### 8. ‘cmp’和‘diff’命令的区别是什么？ #### +> **解答**：‘cmp’和‘diff’命令用来获取相同的东西，但各有侧重。 +‘**diff**’命令对文件的修改，所以这两个文件看起来相同。而‘**cmp**’命令将两个文件逐字节对比，并报告第一个不匹配的项。 + +#### 9. 可以用‘echo’命令来替换‘ls’命令吗？ #### +> **解答**：可以的。‘ls’命令可以用‘echo’命令来替代。‘ls’命令列出文件内容，从替换上述命令的角度讲，我们可以使用‘echo *’，很明显不需要引号，两个命令的输出完全一样。 + +#### 10. 你可能听过inode吧。你能简要描述一下inode吗？ #### +> **解答**：‘inode’是一个‘数据结构’，在Linux上用于文件标识。每个文件在Unix系统上有一个独立的‘inode’和一个‘唯一的’inode号。 + +到此为止吧。在下一篇文章中，我们将讨论另外一些有趣味性而又有知识性的面试问题。到那时，别跑开，请上Tecmint.com，别忘了在下面的评论部分给我们提供一些有价值的反馈哦。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.tecmint.com/interview-questions-on-shell-scripting/ + +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/category/bash-shell/ +[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/category/interview-questions/ +[3]: +[4]: +[5]: +[6]: +[7]: +[8]: +[9]: +[10]: +[11]: +[12]: +[13]: +[14]: +[15]: +[16]: +[17]: +[18]: +[19]: +[20]: \ No newline at end of file From ed82944c2e218c02c4d0668abe620ccc63406462 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Tue, 27 May 2014 00:44:01 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 291/601] Update Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md --- sources/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md b/sources/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md index 17d8cbdafe..9d2c5d39da 100644 --- a/sources/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md +++ b/sources/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +Translating by GOLinux ... Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux ================================================================================ ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Image_Applications_Linux.jpeg) @@ -59,4 +60,4 @@ via: http://itsfoss.com/image-applications-ubuntu-linux/ [9]:http://pinta-project.com/ [10]:http://krita.org/index.php [11]:http://www.xnview.com/en/xnretro/ -[12]:http://itsfoss.com/add-instagram-effects-xnretro-ubuntu-linux/ \ No newline at end of file +[12]:http://itsfoss.com/add-instagram-effects-xnretro-ubuntu-linux/ From 52bd6e4ef12829d02f39ea7bc1d28ffe755c5acf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Tue, 27 May 2014 13:54:22 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 292/601] alim0x translating --- ...ng Separate 'Unity 8 Desktop' Flavor to Aid Development.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/Ubuntu Devs Propose Creating Separate 'Unity 8 Desktop' Flavor to Aid Development.md b/sources/news/Ubuntu Devs Propose Creating Separate 'Unity 8 Desktop' Flavor to Aid Development.md index 288940a82a..fbb39e2acb 100644 --- a/sources/news/Ubuntu Devs Propose Creating Separate 'Unity 8 Desktop' Flavor to Aid Development.md +++ b/sources/news/Ubuntu Devs Propose Creating Separate 'Unity 8 Desktop' Flavor to Aid Development.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +alim0x translating + Ubuntu Devs Propose Creating Separate ‘Unity 8 Desktop’ Flavor to Aid Development ================================================================================ ![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/1.jpg) @@ -42,4 +44,4 @@ via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/ubuntu-unity-8-desktop-flavour-discussed 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [1]:https://blueprints.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+spec/client-1410-unity8-desktop-iso -[2]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/03/mir-default-display-server-ubuntu-2016 \ No newline at end of file +[2]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/03/mir-default-display-server-ubuntu-2016 From e5f9ec5aaca9cde75ead8e5097fec21d7c0fcee5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Tue, 27 May 2014 15:05:34 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 293/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9ACoverity=20s?= =?UTF-8?q?can=20report=20finds=20open=20source=20software=20quality=20out?= =?UTF-8?q?paces=20proprietary=20code=20for=20first=20time?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...utpaces proprietary code for first time.md | 26 ++++++++++++------- 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) rename {translated/talk => published}/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md (56%) diff --git a/translated/talk/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md b/published/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md similarity index 56% rename from translated/talk/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md rename to published/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md index 4c6e3b457e..f6b1f788ad 100644 --- a/translated/talk/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md +++ b/published/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md @@ -8,29 +8,37 @@ Coverity 扫描报告首次发现开源软件质量超过专有软件 来自美国山景城（加州）的消息：Coverity公司（新思科技公司的一个子公司）发布了2013年Coverity扫描开源软件报告。 -经过Coverity扫描服务以及按照Coverity开发测试平台的商业惯例，报告中详细说明了关于7.5亿行开源软件代码的分析，这是至今报告研究的最大的样本量。 +经过Coverity扫描服务以及按照Coverity开发测试平台的商业惯例，报告中详细分析了关于7.5亿行开源软件代码的分析，这是至今报告研究的最大的样本量。 在2013年Coverity扫描报告中，他们分析了超过700个C/C++开源项目和一个匿名的企业项目的样本。另外，报告中还强调了几个流行的开源Java项目的分析结果，这些项目从2013年3月就加入了扫描服务。 Coverity扫描开源项目报告成为了一个被广泛接受的衡量开放源代码质量状态的标准。在过去8年时间里，Coverity扫描服务分析了超过1500个开源项目的数亿行代码——其中包括的C/C++项目中有NetBSD, FreeBSD，LibreOffice和Linux等，Java项目中有Apache Hadoop，HBase以及Cassandra等。 -自2006年已来，扫描服务帮助开发者发现和修复了超过94,000缺陷。近50,000缺陷是仅在2013年一年修复的——这是扫描服务的用户在一年中修复缺陷的最大数量。在这些缺陷中，其中有超过11,000的缺陷修复于服务中四个最大的项目：NetBSD，FreeBSD，LibreOffice和Linux。 +自2006年已来，扫描服务帮助开发者发现和修复了超过94,000缺陷。仅在2013年一年就修复了近50,000个缺陷——这是扫描服务的用户在一年中修复缺陷的最大数量。在这些缺陷中，其中有超过11,000的缺陷修复出现在扫描服务中的四个最大的项目：NetBSD，FreeBSD，LibreOffice和Linux。 ### 2013年报告中重要发现包括： ### -* C/C++项目中开源软件代码质量超过专有软件。缺陷密度（每1,000行软件代码所含的缺陷）是一个通用的测量软件质量的方法，缺陷密度1.0被认为是高质量软件的公认的行业标准。 +#### C/C++项目中开源软件代码质量超过专有软件 -Coverity的分析中发现，扫描服务中的开源的C/C++项目的平均缺陷密度为 .59，而为企业项目开发的专有C/C++代码的缺陷密度为 .72。在2013年，在所有不同大小的代码库中，扫描服务中的开源项目的代码质量超过专有项目，这进一步强调了开源社区开发测试的坚定的承诺。 +缺陷密度（每1,000行软件代码所含的缺陷）是一个通用的测量软件质量的方法，缺陷密度1.0被认为是高质量软件的公认的行业标准。 -* Linux继续成为开源质量的基准。通过利用扫描服务，Linux将修复一个新发现的缺陷的时间从122天减少到仅6天。从2008年第一个Coverity扫描报告发布后，扫描过的Linux版本的缺陷密度一直小于1.0。在2013年，Coverity扫描了超过850万行Linux代码并发现缺陷密度为 .61。 +Coverity的分析中发现，扫描服务中的开源的C/C++项目的平均缺陷密度为 0.59，而为企业项目开发的专有C/C++代码的缺陷密度为 0.72。在2013年，在所有不同大小的代码库中，扫描服务中的开源项目的代码质量超过专有项目，这进一步强调了开源社区开发测试的坚定的承诺。 -* C/C++开发者修复了更多的高风险缺陷。Coverity分析报告发现贡献于开源Java项目的开发者修复的高风险缺陷的数量没有贡献于开源C/C++项目的开发者修复的多。 +#### Linux继续成为开源质量的基准 -参加扫描服务的Java项目开发者只修复了百分之13的经鉴定的资源泄露，而C/C++项目开发者修复了百分之46。这一方面可能是因为Java编程社区错误的安全感的原因，这种安全感是因为内建于语言的保护，比如垃圾收集。然而，垃圾收集是不可预测的，而且不能访问系统资源，所以这些项目处于危险之中。 +通过利用扫描服务，Linux将修复一个新发现的缺陷的时间从122天减少到仅6天！从2008年第一个Coverity扫描报告发布后，扫描过的Linux版本的缺陷密度一直小于1.0。在2013年，Coverity扫描了超过850万行Linux代码并发现缺陷密度为 0.61。 -* HBase是Java项目的基准。 Coverity分析了100个开源Java项目的超过800万行代码，包括流行的大数据项目Apache Hadoop 2.3 (320,000 行代码)和Apache Cassandra (345,000 行代码)。 +#### C/C++开发者修复了更多的高风险缺陷 -自从在2013年8月加入扫描服务以来，Apache HBase——Hadoop的数据库——修复了超过220个缺陷，其中包括比其他参加扫描服务Java项目更高比例的资源泄露（HBase的缺陷中资源泄露占的比例为66%，而其他项目平均为13%）。 +Coverity分析报告发现贡献于开源Java项目的开发者修复的高风险缺陷的数量没有贡献于开源C/C++项目的开发者修复的多。 + +参加扫描服务的Java项目开发者只修复了13%的被指出的资源泄露，而C/C++项目开发者则修复了46%。这一方面可能是因为Java编程社区错误的安全感的原因，这种安全感是因为内建于语言的保护，比如垃圾收集。然而，垃圾收集是不可预测的，而且不能访问系统资源，所以这些项目处于危险之中。 + +#### HBase是Java项目的基准 + +Coverity分析了100个开源Java项目的超过800万行代码，包括流行的大数据项目Apache Hadoop 2.3 (320,000 行代码)和Apache Cassandra (345,000 行代码)。 + +自从在2013年8月加入扫描服务以来，Apache HBase (Hadoop的数据库)修复了超过220个缺陷，其中包括比其他参加扫描服务Java项目更高比例的资源泄露（HBase的缺陷中资源泄露占的比例为66%，而其他项目平均为13%）。 “如果说软件正在吞食世界，那么开源软件则是带头冲锋，”Coverity的产品高级总监Zack Samocha说，“我们的目标，包括Coverity扫描服务在内是帮助开源软件社区创作高质量的软件。基于这个报告的结果——以及这个日益流行的服务——使用开发测试的开源软件项目继续提升他们软件的质量，这让他们使整个行业更上一层楼。” From dd236a19b7973846be822d5c4b9870cfb47b9360 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Tue, 27 May 2014 02:53:33 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 294/601] Update Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md --- sources/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md b/sources/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md index 9d2c5d39da..21afae9876 100644 --- a/sources/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md +++ b/sources/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -Translating by GOLinux ... +Translating by GOLinux ... Anybody want this? Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux ================================================================================ ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Image_Applications_Linux.jpeg) From fdf076c2a591c567acfcd60be96ec3957dc54245 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: shipsw Date: Tue, 27 May 2014 16:47:32 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 295/601] Delete Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 翻译完毕 删除 --- ...ouch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md | 350 ------------------ 1 file changed, 350 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md diff --git a/sources/tech/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md b/sources/tech/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md deleted file mode 100644 index ce8efbf175..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,350 +0,0 @@ -#Translating by shipsw# - -Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation -=================================== - -Ubuntu Dual Boot Installer is provided as a tech preview for developers who want to run Ubuntu and Android on a single device. It is not intended to be used by regular users, neither at this point nor as its ultimate goal. Those developers installing it should be familiar with the Ubuntu and Android partition layouts and should also feel at home with manually flashing partitions in case something goes wrong. - -Ubuntu Dual Boot Installer was born as an internal skunkworks project some Canonical Engineers dedicated a limited amount of their time to. Seeing the good progress, it was decided to release this preview for the developer community to test, study and contribute to. - -Dual boot is not part of the regular Ubuntu release. - -## What to expect after installation - -- A single device with the ability to switch between fully functional Android and Ubuntu images -- On Android: an Ubuntu Installer app to install Ubuntu, as well as to boot into Ubuntu -- On Android: the SuperUser app to grant permissions to the Ubuntu Installer app -- On Ubuntu: an Ubuntu Dual Boot app to boot into Android -- Ubuntu system updates are not yet supported from the Ubuntu side, but they can be done via the Android app - -## Requirements - -To install dual-boot, you'll need: - -- **A Nexus 4 device** (other [supported Nexus devices][1] should in theory work but have not been tested at the time) -- **Android 4.4.2 or higher** running on the device, either stock firmware or based on CyanogenMod or AOSP. -- **2.7GB of free storage** on the device to install Ubuntu -- **ADB tools** running on your desktop computer -- The device needs its **bootloader to be unlocked and USB debugging enabled**. Follow steps 1 to 3 below to do this, or alternatively, if your device is already unlocked and has USB debugging enabled, you can [skip to the installation process >][2] - -### Step 1 - Desktop Setup - -The following steps are required on your desktop system that you'll need in order to flash and communicate with the device. - -**Set up the Touch Developer Preview Tools PPA** - -The PPA is a small mini repository which contains additional software required by this install process. The following section details how to enable and use it. - -The PPA has the tools and dependencies to support Ubuntu releases including 12.04, 12.10, 13.04, 13.10 and 14.04. Add the Ubuntu Touch PPA by adding the following custom source list entry to your `/etc/apt/sources.list` file. - -On your computer, press `Ctrl+Alt+T` to start a terminal. - - sudo add-apt-repository ppa:phablet-team/tools - -On Ubuntu 12.04, you will also need to run: - - sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-sdk-team/ppa - -Then do the following: - - sudo apt-get update - sudo apt-get install ubuntu-device-flash - -### Step 1.5 - Optional Android Backup - -- If not enabled, enable developer mode, by tapping `Settings -> About phone -> Build number` (x 7 times) -- If not enabled, enable usb debugging in `Settings -> Developer options -> USB debugging` -- Execute on your computer - - $ adb backup -apk -shared -all - -This should hopefully create backup.ab with all of your apps, OS, and data. Later, after reflashing with android (or rooting / unlocking) you will be able to use $ adb restore backup.ab to restore all of your data. - -### Step 2 - Device unlock - -If the device is already unlocked, skip to Step 3. These steps will wipe all personal data from the device. - -1. With the device powered off, power on the device by holding the `Power button` + `volume up` + `volume down`. -2. The device will boot into the bootloader. -3. Plug the device into the computer via the USB cable. -4. On your computer, press `Ctrl+Alt+T` to start a terminal. Type sudo fastboot oem unlock, followed by Enter -5. On the device screen, accept the terms of unlocking. -6. Boot the device by pressing the `power button` (pointed by an arrow with Start on the screen). - -**Device factory reset** - -If you get stuck in a bootloop rebooting the tablet after unlocking the bootloader... Here's what you do: - -1. During the bootloop.. hold the `power button` + `volume up` + `volume down` button simultaneously to get yourself back into fastboot mode as you were previously. -2. In fastboot mode.. use the volume keys to scroll to Recovery and the power button to select it. -3. In Recovery (Android robot on his back with a red triangle)... tap the volume up button and the power button simultaneously which will bring you into stock recovery. Again.. Don't hold the buttons, just tap them simultaneously. Also make sure you're holding the correct volume button. Up will be the volume key on the right. -4. Once you're in Recovery.. perform a factory reset/data wipe and then reboot your tablet... you should now be back to the Welcome Screen. - -### Step 3 - Initial Device Setup - -Follow these initial steps on your device: - -1. If not booted, boot the device into Android -2. Enable USB debugging on the device - - on Ice Cream Sandwich (version 4.0) go to Settings and turn on USB Debugging (`Settings > System > Developer options > USB debugging`). - - on Jelly Bean (versions 4.1 and 4.2) you need to enter `Settings, About [Phone|Tablet]` and tap the Build number 7 times to see the Developer Options. - - on 4.2.2, (`settings > about` > tap on build number 7 times to activate the developer options menu item). - - On either Android version you must then enable USB debugging via `Settings > Developer options > USB debugging`. You will also need to accept a host key on the device. - - On the workstation-> `adb kill-server; adb start-server` -3. Plug the device into the computer via the USB cable. - - Depending on the installed Android version, a popup will show up on the device with the host key that needs to be accepted for the device to communicate with the workstation. - - Note, 'adb devices' should not show the device as 'offline'. If it does, unplug the device, run adb under sudo on the workstation (`sudo adb kill-server; sudo adb start-server`), then plug the device back in. - - In some cases, the device will continue to show offline, and the host key popup will not appear if the USB connection method is 'MTP' (default for some devices and versions of Android). Unchecking all options in the USB connection method (`Settings -> Storage -> Menu -> USB computer connection -> MTP, PTP`) seems to resolve this adb connection issue for some users. -4. Save the version of the current image on the device, if on Android, to use as a reference to revert back to. The version can be found by going to `Settings > About Phone > Build Number`. - -Newer Nexus 10s have not booted fully after developer mode was enabled. If this occurs boot into the bootloader and do "`fastboot -w`", then proceed to the next step. - - -## Dual boot installation or upgrade instructions - -The procedure at this point is effectively the same for both new installations and upgrades of an existing dual boot installation. - -### Installing the Ubuntu Installer app in Android - -Ubuntu Note: if you had installed a previous version of Ubuntu dual boot, please make sure to uninstall Ubuntu from the Android app before upgrading to the new Ubuntu dual boot. You can keep the user data, only uninstallation of the base system is recommended. - -1. On your computer, download the dual boot installation script into your home directory from: http://humpolec.ubuntu.com/latest/dualboot.sh - -2. Open a terminal on your computer pressing the `Ctrl+Alt+T` key combination -3. Make the installation script executable by running this command: - - chmod +x dualboot.sh - -4. Ensure that your device: - - has booted normally into the Android user interface - - has USB debugging enabled - - has an unlocked bootloader -5. Connect your device via USB to your computer -6. Install dual-boot by running this command on a terminal: - - ./dualboot.sh - -After installation, the phone will reboot several times. Once finished, it will boot into Android and you will find the dual boot app as “Ubuntu Dual Boot” in the Apps section. - -Optionally, for alternative ways of using the installer script, [check out the installer reference >][3]. - -Now follow the instructions below to install Ubuntu from Android. - -## Installing Ubuntu from Android - -Note: 2.7GB of free memory space is required on your device for the Ubuntu installation. - -1. Optionally, on your desktop, and while your device is still connected via USB, issue the following command on the terminal to free up space (say "Yes" if you are asked to grant permissions on the device): - - adb shell "su sh rm -rf /cache/*" - -2. On the device, press the apps button in Android to bring up the list of apps -3. Browse the apps to find the **Ubuntu Dual Boot** icon and press it to start the app -4. When the app launches, press on **Choose channel to install** and choose a channel to download from (the recommended channel is **utopic**) -5. Once download is completed you need to Grant SU permissions to the application for the install to be successful. Press the **Grant** button, when prompted. -6. Press the **Reboot to Ubuntu** button to boot to Ubuntu. -7. A standard phone reboot with the hard key will always boot to Android. - -Notes: - -- All channels supported by the phablet-flash tool are also supported by the Ubuntu Installer on Android -- When selecting an Ubuntu channel, the **bootstrap** checkbox lets you wipe user data from Ubuntu, otherwise it is kept between installations. Since you're installing for the first time now, it won't make a difference -- When selecting an Ubuntu channel, unticking the **latest version** checkbox will let you select a particular image number. Otherwise, if checked it will default to the latest image. -- If during installation the Ubuntu download finished while the phone was locked or when the Ubuntu Installer app was not on the foreground, the installation button will change to **Resume install**. This will resume installation to the point where SuperUser permissions are requested. - -## Additional notes - -### Updating to a new Ubuntu image - -The rule of thumb for dual boot is: - -- Installation of a new Ubuntu version needs to be done from the Android side via the Dualboot app -- Download of a new Ubuntu version can happen on either the Ubuntu or Android side - -This effectively means there are two possible ways to upgrade your Ubuntu image: - -- **If you are running Android**, use the Dualboot app to check and install new versions of Ubuntu by selecting "Uninstall Ubuntu" from the menu options. Next you will be asked if you want to keep the user data from Ubuntu. If you do want to keep the data, contacts, installed applications, pictures, background settings and such will be kept across Ubuntu installations. Additionally, every time there is a new Ubuntu version available, you'll get an Android notification: - - For stable channels, the app polls for new versions every 2 days - - For proposed channels, the app polls for new versions every 10 hours -- **If you are running Ubuntu**, use the standard upgrade mechanism to download new images via System Settings, but do not choose to install the image after having downloaded it. Instead, once the dowload has finished, reboot to Android and the Dualboot app there will resume the installation. Once finished, you can then reboot to Ubuntu. - -To update Ubuntu to a newer version, On the android Ubuntu dual boot application, Once Ubuntu has been uninstalled, follow the same installation step to download a newer version of Ubuntu. - -### Dual boot installer command reference - -For the majority of cases, running the installer script in auto mode with no arguments will suffice. For more advanced usage, additional commands can be used. - -dualboot.sh - -- Auto mode: it detects if the SuperUser app installation is required and instals or updates the Dualboot application on Android - -dualboot.sh full - -- Full mode: it installs the SuperUser and Dualboot apps on Android - -dualboot.sh update - -- Update mode: it installs or updates the Dualboot app on Android - -dualboot.sh channel $CHANNEL - -- Sideload mode: it downloads the latest from the specified Ubuntu $CHANNEL and sideloads the files to the phone. It then starts the Dualboot app on Android to resume the Ubuntu installation with the sideloaded files. - -dualboot.sh push ubuntu.tar.xz device.tar.xz version.tar.xz - -- Sideload push mode: it sideloads the downloaded files passed as a parameter and it starts the Dualboot app to resume installation with them on the Android side. - -The script also takes a device ID in case there are more devices connected to the computer. The device ID is the first parameter passed to the script. If it is not provided first connected device is used. E.g. - - dualboot.sh channel devel-customized - -### Using a custom image server - -If you need to use a custom image server that provides ported images for those devices outside of the officially supported, you can use a custom image server with the Dualboot app. To do so, open a terminal, and with your device connected over USB, issue the following command (replacing $CUSTOM\_SERVER\_URL with the URL or your custom server): - - adb shell "su sh 'cd /data/data/com.canonical.ubuntu.installer/files/ && echo $CUSTOM_SERVER_URL > custom_server && chmod 777 custom_server'" - -The next time you start the Dualboot app on Android, it will use that server to fetch and install images instead of the official Ubuntu one. - -## If something goes wrong - -If something goes wrong after the dual boot installation and you cannot boot either into Ubuntu or Android, you can revert the Android installation to the status it was before dual boot by reflashing the original boot and recovery images. Only the recovery partition is actually modified by dual boot, but you can choose to reflash the boot partition just in case. - -1. Download the Android firmware you are running on your device onto your PC. -2. Open a terminal with `Ctrl+Alt+T` -3. Extract the firmware tarball and cd to its directory. -4. Run the following command to reboot into the bootloader - - adb reboot bootloader - -5. Once in the bootloader, run this command to reflash the boot partition: - - fastboot flash boot boot.img - -6. Without exiting the bootloader, run this command to reflash the recovery partition: - - fastboot flash recovery recovery.img - -7. After flashing, reboot and your phone should start into Android: - - fastboot reboot - -## Contributing - -The dual boot project, as with the rest of Ubuntu is open source and open for participation, you can help making it better too! - -- [Report bugs >][4] -- [Contribute code >][5] - -## FAQ - -### How does dual boot work? - -An Android-based phone has multiple partitions which serve different purposes. Those relevant for dual booting are **/boot**, **/recovery**, **/system** and **/data**. - -- The **boot** partition is loaded by the bootloader during a normal boot. The boot image in that partition is a combination of the kernel and a ramdisk. In short, the bootloader unpacks the boot image, creates a ramdisk and copies the content of the boot image's ramdisk into it. Then the kernel is started by executing the **init process** from ramdisk. -- The **recovery partition** contains the recovery image, which is just a different kind of boot image. It also includes a kernel and a ramdisk, where the init binary is replaced by a recovery binary inside the ramdisk. -- The **system partition** holds all the read-only system files (except the ones in ramdisk), and it is mounted by the init process. -- The **data partition** is then a writable partition used by the system for user data. - -Ubuntu uses partitions in a slightly different way: - -- The **boot** and **recovery** partitions have the same functionality as in Android -- The **system image** holds the Android part of the system which is executed inside the LXC. -- The **data partition** contains the Ubuntu system under **/data/ubuntu/** - -In order to enable the user to choose their own flavour of Android, the Android boot image cannot be modified, as the original kernel needs to be preserved. **Thus the recovery partition is used to boot into Ubuntu.** - -### Which versions of Android does dual-boot work with? - -- Stock Android or AOSP 4.4.2 or higher. -- CyanogenMod (based on Android 4.4.2 or higher). - -### Which devices does dual-boot work for? - -Dual boot has been tested to work with the following devices: - -- Nexus 4 -- Nexus 7 -- Nexus 10 - -### Which Ubuntu releases does dual-boot support? - -Dual boot supports the same channels that phablet-flash supports. - -### How is the user data partition shared between Android and Ubuntu? - -The user data partition hosts also the Ubuntu system image at /data/system.img which is around 2 GB. - -The Ubuntu swap file is also present in the data partition at /data/SWAP.img (around (540 MB) - -The Ubuntu user and system data are also present at: - -- /data/user-data -- /data/system-data - -The Android data partition usage is unchanged. - -### Is booting into recovery no longer possible when dual-booting? - -The recovery partition when dual booting is currently used by the Ubuntu boot image. This means that when booting into recovery mode, Ubuntu will boot. - -Access of the recovery will be resolved in future releases. However when the Ubuntu image is uninstalled, the original (Android stock or CWM) recovery is restored by the Ubuntu Install android app. - -### If dual boot replaces the recovery partition, can I do an Android upgrade with dual boot installed? - -Yes. Use the "Prepare for Android update" option in the Dual boot app menu on Android. This will recover your original Android recovery partition, ready for the Android upgrade. This will obviously delete the Ubuntu installation in the recovery partition, but you can easily reinstall it after the Android upgrade from the Dual boot app. - -In any case, you can always uninstall dual boot, which will restore your original recovery partition. - -### Can I uninstall dual boot? - -Yes, when Ubuntu is uninstalled from the Android side via the dual boot app, the original Android recovery partition is restored to the original state before dual boot was installed. - -Uninstalling Ubuntu also deletes the Ubuntu system image and swap file. Optionally, also the Ubuntu user data can be deleted. - -### The dual boot app installs a copy of the the SuperUser app. Can I use another SuperUser app instead? - -Yes indeed! The supplied [SuperUser][6] app is only for those who don't have it installed yet. - -However, one word of caution: tests were only performed only with the SuperUser app version from the [CyanogenMod][7] build and with the one installed by dualboot.sh script. But as long as you own SuperUser app behaves in similar way of those two tested, you should be fine. - -### When installing Ubuntu, can I switch channels without deleting user data? - -Yes you can, but this is something that hasn't been thoroughly tested. Therefore some applications might not function properly. The same applies for switching between different versions. - -### Can I make boot to Ubuntu the default and move the Android boot to the recovery partition? - -Right now swapping the default boot OS is not possible. However, this is something we might look to support if there is demand for it. - -### Why do you use the recovery partition to boot Ubuntu, rather than a combined boot image for Android and Ubuntu? - -One of the initial principles when designing dual boot was not to tie it to a particular Android flavour and version and leave the user the flexibility to use their own choice. Thus the Android boot image and the kernel it contains are left untouched. - -The choice was then to reuse the recovery partition, and instead focus on restoring it back to its original state if it's necessary to go back to single boot with Android. - -### I already have CWM recovery installed and know how to use it, can I use a zip file and flash manually instead? - -Absolutely, we provide dualboot.sh to make it easy to install the apps and the custom recovery. If you prefer to install the recovery manually yourself, it's also possible. Check out the source code for the dualboot.sh script to see exactly what it's doing. - -### Why does the Ubuntu Installer app need to be installed to the system partition via recovery? - -The Ubuntu Installer app needs to be installed as an Android (preinstalled) system app. Unlike use-installed apps, which live in the data partition, system apps always live in system partition and are granted additional privileges on top of the standard permissions set available to 3rd party applications. - -The extra permissions that the Ubuntu installer app needs are just two: **cache partition write access** to store the downloaded files for Ubuntu installation and **power management** capability to reboot the system. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/DualBootInstallation - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/Devices#Working_with_phablet-flash -[2]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/DualBootInstallation#Installation -[3]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/DualBootInstallation#DualBootInstallerReference -[4]:https://bugs.launchpad.net/humpolec/+filebug -[5]:https://code.launchpad.net/humpolec -[6]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/SuperUser -[7]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/CyanogenMod From 633329c9b204dce1e1c1577dca3d3f203c202946 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: shipsw Date: Tue, 27 May 2014 16:49:46 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 296/601] Create Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 翻译完毕添加 --- ...ouch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md | 356 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 356 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/tech/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md diff --git a/translated/tech/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md b/translated/tech/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cb3d8b3b5c --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md @@ -0,0 +1,356 @@ +Ubuntu Touch 系统和 Android 系统双系统安装指南 +=================================== + + +Ubuntu 双系统安装器是作为预览版本发布给开发者的，可以使得开发者同时在一台手机上安装 Ubuntu 系统和 Android 系统。该软件现阶段或最终的目标用户并非普通用户。开发者应该熟悉 Ubuntu 和 Android 系统的分区布局并且在出现问题的时候有能力手动刷回分区。 + +Ubuntu 双系统安装器是一些工程师在有限时间内做出的一个内部臭鼬项目(译注：管理层不知的研究项目)。由于项目进展良好，所以决定向开发者社区发布预览版以供大家测试、学习或者完善。 + +双系统启动不是常规 Ubuntu 发布版本中的一部分。 + +## 安装后可实现以下功能 + +- 一台可以在 Ubuntu 和 Android 系统之间完整切换的手机 +- Android 系统上：一个用来安装 Ubuntu 系统和切换到 Ubuntu 系统的应用 +- Android 系统上：一个超级用户管理器，用来为 Ubuntu 安装器授予权限 +- Ubuntu 系统上：一个用来启动到 Android 系统的 Ubuntu 双系统启动应用 +- 尚不支持 Ubuntu 系统下的更新，但可以通过Android应用程序来进行系统更新 + +## 必要条件 + +安装双系统启动，你需要： + +- **一台Nexus 4 手机** (其他 [支持的 Nexus 手机][1] 理论上也能安装，但是现在还没有经过测试。) +- 手机安装 **Android 4.4.2 或者更高的系统版本** ，基于原厂固件或者 CyanogenMod 和 AOSP 的固件。 +- 手机上需要有 **2.7GB 剩余存储空间** 用来安装Ubuntu。 +- 桌面电脑上需要运行 **ADB 工具** +- 手机应该 **解锁 bootloader 并打开 USB 调试选项**。按照安装步骤1到3来实现。如果你的手机已经解锁过 bootloader 并且打开了 USB 调试选项了，这一步可以[跳过>][2]。 + + +### 步骤 1 - 桌面电脑设置 + +为了连接手机和刷机，在电脑桌面上依照以下几步操作。 + +**设置触摸开发预览工具 PPA** + +PPA 是一个迷你库，其中包含安装过程中需要的一些额外软件。以下描述如何去启用和使用它。 + +PPA 的工具和依赖库支持 Ubuntu 发行版，包括 12.04, 12.10, 13.04, 13.10 和 14.04. 将以下的源地址列表加入 `/etc/apt/sources.list` 文件中来添加 Ubuntu 触摸 PPA。 + +在你的机器上按 `Ctrl+Alt+T` 开启终端窗口，运行以下命令。 + + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:phablet-team/tools + +在 Ubuntu 12.04系统上，还需要运行以下命令： + + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-sdk-team/ppa + +然后运行： + + sudo apt-get update + sudo apt-get install ubuntu-device-flash + + +### 步骤 1.5 - 备份Android(可选) + +- 确认开启开发者模式。触摸 `设置 -> 关于手机 -> 版本号` (七次) +- 确认开启 USB 调试模式。触摸 `设置 -> 开发者选项 -> USB 调试` +- 在你的电脑上执行 + + $ adb backup -apk -shared -all + +这样就将你的操作系统、应用程序和所有的数据备份为 backup.ab 文件了。以后在重新刷回 android 系统的时候可以使用 $ adb restore backup.ab 命令恢复你所有的数据。 + +### 步骤 2 - 手机解锁 + +如果手机已经解锁，那么跳过步骤3。以下几步将擦除手机上所有的个人数据。 + +1. 关机，同时按住手机的开机键+音量上+音量下开机。 +2. 手机将开机到bootloader界面。 +3. 使用 USB 数据线将手机和电脑连接。 +4. 在电脑上按 `Ctrl+Alt+T` 打开一个终端。 键入 sudo fastboot oem unlock 并回车。 +5. 在手机上，接受解锁条款。 +6. 按开手机开机键开机。(屏幕上箭头标记为 Start) + +**恢复手机出厂设置** + +如果解锁 bootloader 后不断重启的话... 可以使用以下方法解决： + +1. 在重启的过程中，同时按住 电源键+音量上+音量下 使得手机重返 fastboot 模式。 + +2. 在 fastboot 模式下，使用音量键选择到 Recovery 选项后，按下开机键选中。 + +3. 在 Recovery 模式下(Android 机器人 背景是个红色三角) 同时按住音量上键和开机键进入stock recovery 模式。再次强调，不要按住按钮不放，只是同时按他们。保证你按了正确的音量按钮。应该是右边的的按钮是音量上键。 + +4. 一旦进入 Recovery 模式，恢复出厂设置并清空数据，然后重启平板，现在应该可以看到欢迎屏幕了。 + +### 步骤 3 - 初始化手机指南 + +按照以下步骤初始化手机 + +1. 如果没有启动，启动手机进 Android 系统 + +2. 启用手机的 USB 调试模式 + - 在冰激凌三明治 (版本 4.0) 上打开 USB 调试(`设置 > 系统 > 开发者选项 > USB 调试`) + - 在果冻豆 (版本 4.1 和 4.2) 上打开 USB 调试，需要进 `设置, 关于 [手机|平板]` 菜单且触摸版本号7次才能进入开发者选项。 + - 在 4.2.2, (`设置 > 关于` > 触摸版本号7次激活开发者选项菜单) + - 在其他版本的 Android 系统中，你通过 `设置 > 开发者选项 > USB 调试`来启用 USB 调试模式。您可能还需要接受手机上的主机密钥。 + - 在工作站中 -> `adb kill-server; adb start-server` +3. 将手机和电脑通过USB数据线连接起来。 + - 根据 Android 版本的不同，会弹出一个主机密匙的框，需要确认才能和电脑通信。 + - 注意，'adb devices' 不应该显示为手机 'offline' 。如果显示手机离线，在超级用户模式下运行adb(`sudo adb kill-server; sudo adb start-server`),然后将手机再次连接。 + - 在某些情况下，手机继续显示为离线，如果USB连接模式为 'MTP' (一些手机或版本的Android)的话，就不会弹出主机密匙提示对话框。取消选中所有的USB连接模式选项(`设置 -> 存储 -> 菜单 -> USB连接 -> MTP, PTP`)也许能解决adb连接问题。 +4. 保存现有手机镜像版本号，Android 系统，恢复系统时使用。可以使用 `设置 > 关于手机 > 版本号码` 查看版本号。 + +最新版的 Nexus 10s 开启开发者模式后并没有完全启动。如果是这种情况的话，启动到 bootloader 后运行 "`fastboot -w`" 然后进入下一步。 + + +## 双系统启动安装和更新说明 + +双系统新安装和升级在这部分过程实际上是相同的。 + +### 在 Android 系统中安装 Ubuntu 安装器 + +Ubuntu 注意：如果手机中有一个以前版本的 Ubuntu 双启动，更新前请首先使用 Android 应用程序卸载掉 Ubuntu 系统。推荐保存用户数据，只卸载掉基本的系统。 + +1. 在电脑上下载双系统安装脚本到你的家目录。http://humpolec.ubuntu.com/latest/dualboot.sh +2. 使用 `Ctrl+Alt+T` 组合键打开电脑终端。 +3. 运行以下命令赋予安装脚本可执行权限。 + + chmod +x dualboot.sh + +4. 保证你的手机 + - 正常启动进入 Android 用户界面 + - 启用 USB 调试选项 + - 已经解锁了 bootloader +5. 使用 USB 数据线连接手机和电脑 +6. 终端运行以下命令安装双系统启动： + + ./dualboot.sh + +安装完成后，手机会重启数次。一旦完成，系统会启动到 Android 系统，你会发现双启动应用程序 (“Ubuntu Dual Boot”) 已经安装到手机的应用程序部分了。 + +或者，可以使用安装脚本的替代方法，[可以参考安装手册 >][3]。 + +现在按照以下说明在 Android 下安装 Ubuntu。 + +## Android 下安装 Ubuntu + +注意：Ubuntu 安装需要手机上具有2.7GB以上的剩余内存空间。 + +1. 也可以在手机和电脑USB连接状态下，终端运行以下命令来释放空间。(接受手机的授权询问) + + adb shell "su sh rm -rf /cache/*" + +2. 在手机上，点击 apps 按钮打开 app 列表 +3. 查看列表找到 **Ubuntu Dual Boot** 图标并启动它 +4. 应用程序启动后按 **Choose channel to install** 并选择一个频道下载(推荐 **utopic** 频道) +5. 下载完成后需要授权 SU 权限给应用程序。提示授权的时候，选择 **Grant** 按钮 +6. 按 **Reboot to Ubuntu** 按钮重启手机进入Ubuntu +7. 标准手机重启会启动到Android系统中 + +注意： + +- Ubuntu 安装器支持所有手机平板刷机工具支持的频道 +- 选择了一个 Ubuntu 频道后，**bootstrap** 复选框可以让你选择清空 Ubuntu 的用户数据，如果不选中的话，用户数据将一直保留。第一次安装的话，选不选是没什么区别的 +- 选中一个 Ubuntu 频道后，取消 **latest version** 复选框后可以选择一个特定版本号的镜像，否则，默认安装最新的镜像。 +- 如果在安装过程下载镜像过程中，手机锁屏或者 Ubuntu 安装器是后台运行的话，安装按钮会变成 **Resume install** (恢复安装)。点击这个按钮会恢复到超级权限提示前的状态。 + +## 其他需要注意的 + +### 更新到最新的 Ubuntu 镜像 + +根据双启动的经验： + +- 安装新版本的 Ubuntu 需要使用 Android 双启动应用程序 +- 下载新版本的 Ubuntu 可以在 Android 或者 Ubuntu 下进行 + +这实际上意味着可以有两种不同的方式更新 Ubuntu 镜像： + +- **如果在android系统下**，使用双启动应用程序更新 Ubuntu ，需要选择菜单选项中的 "Uninstall Ubuntu" ，然后应用程序会询问你是否保留 Ubuntu 用户数据。如果你想保留数据、通讯录、应用程序、图片、背景设置等，这些数据将会完整保留。另外，每次新版本的 Ubuntu 发布后，将会收到 Android 通知： + - 对于稳定频道，应用程序池每2天更新一次 + - 对于推荐频道，应用程序池每10小时更新一次 +- **如果你使用的是 Ubuntu**, 使用系统设置中的标准更新机制下载新版镜像，但是不要选择安装，下载完毕后，重新启动到 Android 系统中，启动双启动应用程序，程序会恢复更新。完成后，你可以再次切换到 Ubuntu系统中。 + +在 android 版 Ubuntu 双启动应用程序中，卸载 Ubuntu 后，可以安装新安装的说明去下载新版本的 Ubuntu。 + +### 双系统安装器参考命令 + +大多数情况下，不带参数运行自动模式安装脚本就足够了。 + +dualboot.sh + +- 自动模式：监测超级用户应用程序是否需要安装并更新双系统安装应用程序。 + +dualboot.sh full + +- 完整模式：安装超级用户和双系统启动 Android 应用程序 + +dualboot.sh update + +- 更新模式：安装或者更新 Android 下的双系统启动应用程序 + +dualboot.sh channel $CHANNEL + +- 边载模式：通过指定的 Ubuntu 频道 ($CHANNEL) 下载最新的镜像到手机。命令启动 android 双系统应用程序并继续使用边载文件进行安装。 + +dualboot.sh push ubuntu.tar.xz device.tar.xz version.tar.xz + +- 边载推送模式：将下载参数推送给双系统启动应用程序，作为参数启动双系统安装器进行安装。 + +多个手机同时连到电脑上的时候，脚本还提供指定手机ID 的参数。手机ID为脚本的第一个参数。如果不指定手机ID的话，默认为第一个连接的手机。 + + dualboot.sh channel devel-customized + +### 使用自定义镜像服务器 + +如果你的手机不在官方支持列表中，需要使用第三方移植镜像服务器，你可以将自定义镜像服务器地址作为参数来使用双启动应用程序。这么办的话，打开终端，连接手机到电脑，运行以下命令(替换 $CUSTOM\_SERVER\_URL 为自定义服务器地址)： + + adb shell "su sh 'cd /data/data/com.canonical.ubuntu.installer/files/ && echo $CUSTOM_SERVER_URL > custom_server && chmod 777 custom_server'" + +下次启动双启动应用程序的时候，默认将使用自定义服务器地址而不是官方地址了。 + +## 异常处理 + +如果出现问题，安装双启动后无法进入 Android 和 Ubuntu 系统的话，你可以使用原始启动和恢复镜像恢复手机到最初状态。只有 recovery 分区被双启动修改了，当然你可以刷回原有的启动分区。 + +1. 下载手机的 Android 固件到你的PC上。 +2. 使用快捷键 `Ctrl+Alt+T` 打开终端 +3. 解压固件 tar 包并 cd 到其目录 +4. 运行以下命令以重启手机到 bootloader + + adb reboot bootloader + +5. 进入 bootloader 后，运行以下命令刷回启动分区： + + fastboot flash boot boot.img + +6. 不要退出 bootloader ，运行以下命令刷回 recovery 分区： + + fastboot flash recovery recovery.img + +7. 刷机完毕后，重启你的手机应该就可以进入 Android 系统了： + + fastboot reboot + +## 致谢 + +双启动项目和其他 Ubuntu 项目一样都是开源的，你可以参与此项目，使得他更加完美！ + +- [Bug 报告 >][4] +- [贡献代码 >][5] + +## FAQ + +### 双启动如何工作？ + +基于 Android 的手机有一系列不同用途的分区。这些分区是 **/boot**, **/recovery**, **/system** 和 **/data** 。 + +- **boot** 分区是 bootloader 正常启动的时候载入的。这个分区的启动镜像是由一个内核和内存盘程序组成的。简而言之，bootloader 解压启动镜像，创建一个内存盘后将镜像考入，最后使用 **初始化进程** 启动内核。 +- **recovery partition** 分区包含有 recovery 镜像，它只是一个不同的启动镜像。它也含有一个内核和内存盘程序，但是初始化可执行程序被换成了内存盘中的 recovery 应用程序。 +- **system partition** 分区含有系统所有的只读文件 (除了内存盘中的)供初始化进程载入。 +- **data partition** 分区是供系统写入用户数据的可读写分区。 + +Ubuntu 以稍微不同的方式使用这些分区 + +- **boot** 和 **recovery** 分区的作用和 Android 中一样。 +- **system image** 分区含有在 [LXC][8] 中执行的 Android 部分的程序。 +- **data partition** 分区中的 **/data/ubuntu/** 含有Ubuntu系统 + +为了保证用户选择自己的 Android 风格，Android 系统的启动镜像是不允许修改的，因为原始内核必须保存。**所以使用 recovery 分区去启动Ubuntu** + + +### 双启动可以运行在那个版本的 Android 系统下？ + +- Stock Android 或 AOSP 4.4.2 或更高版本。 +- CyanogenMod (基于 Android 4.4.2 或更高版本). + +### 双启动可以运行在那些手机上？ + +双启动通过测试可以运行在以下手机中： + +- Nexus 4 +- Nexus 7 +- Nexus 10 + +### 双启动支持那些已发布版本的 Ubuntu？ + +双启动支持的所有 phablet-flash 支持的系统。 + +### Android 和 Ubuntu 如何共享用户数据分区？ + +用户数据分区也有 Ubuntu 系统镜像 /data/system.img, 大约有2GB。 + +Ubuntu swap 文件在用户数据分区 /data/SWAP.img (大约540MB)。 + +Ubuntu 的用户和系统数据也可以在以下目录找到： + +- /data/user-data +- /data/system-data + +Android 数据分区的使用方式不变。 + +### 安装双启动后是否无法启动进入 recovery？ + +双启动安装后，recovery 分区被 Ubuntu 启动镜像占用。这意味着启动到 recovery 模式下，Ubuntu 就启动了。 + +进入 recovery 的功能会在未来发布。但是当卸载掉 Ubuntu 镜像后，Ubuntu 应用程序回恢复原始的 recovery(Android stock 或 CWM)。 + +### 如果用双启动替换掉 recovery 分区的话，是否还可以更新 Android 系统？ + +可以，使用双启动应用程序中的 "准备更新安卓" 选项。这会将原始 Android recovery 分区恢复，为 Android 系统更新做准备。这明显会删除 recovery 分区中安装的 Ubuntu 系统，但是使用双系统应用程序可以在 Android 系统更新后很容易重新安装。 + +任何情况下，你都可以卸载双启动并恢复原始的 recovery 分区。 + +### 我可以卸载双启动吗？ + +可以，使用 Android 版本双启动应用程序卸载 Ubuntu 后，原有的 recovery 分区数据会恢复到安装前的状态。 + +卸载 Ubuntu 的同时也会删除 Ubuntu 系统镜像和交换文件。当然，Ubuntu 用户数据也会被删除。 + +### 双启动应用程序安装了一个超级用户应用，我可以使用一个第三方的超级用户应用代替它吗？ + +当然可以了！提供的 [超级用户][6] 应用只是为了那些没有安装的用户的。 + +然而，需要注意一点：项目测试中只会使用来自 [CyanogenMod][7] 版本或者 dualboot.sh 脚本安装的超级用户应用。但是只要你使用和测试中用的类似的应用的话，一般也不会有问题的。 + +### 安装 Ubuntu 中，我是否可以删除用户数据后切换频道？ + +可以，但是有些东西没有测试过，所以有些应用也许无法正常工作。这个问题也存在于切换版本的情况。 + +### 我能否设置默认启动 Ubuntu 而将 Android 启动移动到 recovery 分区？ + +目前为止交换默认启动操作系统是不可行的。但是如果有需求的话我们会想办法支持的。 + +### 为什么使用 recovery 分区启动 Ubuntu 系统而不是使用一个 Android 和 Ubuntu 结合的镜像来启动？ + +最开始设计双启动的时候原则就是不和某个特定版本和类型的 Android 系统捆绑，留给用户自己选择的权利。所以就没有改动 Android 启动镜像和内核。 + +最后选择利用 recovery 分区启动 Ubuntu，转而专注在需要的时候在就恢复到其原始状态。 + +### 我已经安装了一个 CWM recovery 而且知道如何使用，我可否使用 zip 文件手动刷机？ + +绝对可以，我们提供的 dualboot.sh 是为了使得安装应用和 recovery 更容易。如果你想手动安装recovery 也是可以的。参看 dualboot.sh 脚本的源码来操作。 + +### 为什么 Ubuntu 安装器需要使用 recovery 安装到 system 分区里？ + +Ubuntu 安装器需要安装为 Android 系统应用。 和用户分区的应用不一样，系统应用始终活动在系统分区中，保证可以获取第三方软件可以获取的的最高的权限。 + +其实 Ubuntu 安装器需要获取的权限只有两个：**缓存分区写入权限** 用来下载 Ubuntu 安装文件 和 **电源管理** 用来重启系统。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/DualBootInstallation + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/Devices#Working_with_phablet-flash +[2]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/DualBootInstallation#Installation +[3]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/DualBootInstallation#DualBootInstallerReference +[4]:https://bugs.launchpad.net/humpolec/+filebug +[5]:https://code.launchpad.net/humpolec +[6]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/SuperUser +[7]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/CyanogenMod +[8]:http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-lxc-containers/ From bc7981b9f41f43962f04dbcb0f8d23c4a0336949 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: shipsw Date: Tue, 27 May 2014 16:54:06 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 297/601] Update Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 添加签名 --- .../tech/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md b/translated/tech/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md index cb3d8b3b5c..135faa8214 100644 --- a/translated/tech/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md +++ b/translated/tech/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md @@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ Ubuntu 安装器需要安装为 Android 系统应用。 和用户分区的应用 via: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/DualBootInstallation -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[shipsw](https://github.com/shipsw) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 5a28ef6f7dd0ac0f82a608ee58c2f6cef2f76be5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Tue, 27 May 2014 18:00:54 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 298/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140527-1=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md | 42 +++++++++++++++++++ ...omcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md | 37 ++++++++++++++++ ...sers Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md | 37 ++++++++++++++++ 3 files changed, 116 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/20140527 4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md create mode 100644 sources/news/20140527 Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140527 Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md diff --git a/sources/news/20140527 4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md b/sources/news/20140527 4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6e6c1ec9f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20140527 4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/4MLinux-9-0-Beta-Is-a-55-MB-Operating-System-that-Has-It-All-443946-2.jpg) + +**4MLinux, a mini Linux distribution that is focused on the 4Ms of computing, Maintenance (system rescue Live CD), Multimedia (e.g., playing video DVDs), Miniserver (using the inetd daemon), and Mystery (Linux games), has advanced to version 9.0 Beta.** + +4MLinux is one of the smallest distributions in the world that are still able to provide users with a desktop environment and a number of applications that can make this OS something to be used on a daily basis. + +Most of the minimalistic Linux operating systems don't usually provide such a plethora of applications right from the start, especially if we keep in mind that the distro only weighs a little over 55MB. + +“The main features in this release are maintenance (MBR and GPT partitioning software, 4MLinux Backup Scripts 9.0, ClamAV 0.98.3), multimedia (MPlayer SVN-r37146, FFmpeg Git-2014-04-10), a mini server (FTP, HTTP, SSH, SFTP), and mystery (a set of small games).” + +“The X Window System is based on X.Org Server 1.15.1, Mesa 10.1.3, JWM 2.2.2, and the FOX toolkit 1.6.49. Fully automatic installation of the ‘vanilla’ versions of LibreOffice 4.2.4, Java RE 7u55, and VirtualBox 4.3.12 is also supported. The size of the ISO image is about 55 MB,” said the developer on his blog. + +As you can see, most of the packages provided are very new, like VirtualBox, LibreOffice, Mesa, Ffmpeg, ClamAV, and so on. If you have any doubts about this release, you can always start it in a virtual machine and take it for a spin. + +What's interesting is the fact that users can stop the booting process right before the X Server kicks in and use the system in command line, which is actually a nice change of pace. + +The developer will now start to release all the other distributions that he is building around this major update, like Allinone, Gaming, Server, Media, Rescue, and so on. Keep in mind that you can install any of these Linux distros from the main launcher with the help of a very simple piece of software. + +Users will also find that most of the applications that you need are available in the repositories and that the 4MLinux distro can be turned into any of the flavors mentioned above just by downloading the appropriate packages. + +A complete list of changes and updates can be found in the official [announcement][1]. + +### Download 4MLinux 9.0 Beta: ### + +- [4MLinux 8.2 (ISO)][2][iso] [53.90 MB] +- [4MLinux 9.0 Beta (ISO)][3][iso] [53 MB] + +Remember that this is a development version and it should NOT be installed on production machines. It is intended for testing purposes only. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/4MLinux-9-0-Beta-Is-a-55-MB-Operating-System-that-Has-It-All-443946.shtml + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://4mlinux-releases.blogspot.ro/2014/05/4mlinux-90-beta-released.html +[2]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/linux4m/files/8.0/updates/8.2/livecd/4MLinux-8.2.iso/download +[3]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/linux4m/files/9.0/livecd/4MLinux-9.0.iso/download \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/news/20140527 Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md b/sources/news/20140527 Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..764be91d23 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20140527 Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Apache-Tomcat-7-0-54-Now-Available-for-Download-443862-2.jpg) + +**Apache Tomcat 7.0.54, an open source software implementation of the Java Servlet and JavaServer Pages technologies, developed under the Java Community Process, is now available for download.** + +It's been a while since the latest Apache Tomcat release, but this only means that the devs had more time to get more fixes and changes into the software. This is a source package, so regular users don't really need it. + +According to the changelog, the custom UTF-8 decoder has been fixed, more options have been added for managing the FIPS mode in the AprLifecycleListener, an infinite loop has been avoided if an application calls session.invalidate() from the destroyed session, removing an MBean notification listener now reverts all the operations performed when adding an MBean notification listener, and information about finished deployment and its execution time has been added to the log files. + +Also, a few additional locations where, theoretically, a memory leak could occur have been patched, the authentication of users when using the JAASMemoryLoginModule has been fixed, and a regression in the handling of back-slash has been corrected. + +A complete list of changes, fixes, and new features can be found in the official changelog, inside the source archive. + +### Download Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 (violetagg): ### + +- [tar.gz (6.0.39 Stable)][1][binary] [6.70 MB] +- [tar.gz (6.0.39 Stable)][2][sources] [3.40 MB] +- [tar.gz (7.0.52 Development)][3][binary] [8 MB] +- [tar.gz (7.0.52 Development)][4][sources] [4.40 MB] +- [zip (8.0.3 Beta Development)][5][binary] [8.10 MB] +- [tar.gz (8.0.3 Beta Development)][6][sources] [4.40 MB] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Apache-Tomcat-7-0-54-Now-Available-for-Download-443862.shtml + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://mirrors.hostingromania.ro/apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-6/v6.0.39/bin/apache-tomcat-6.0.39.tar.gz +[2]:http://mirrors.hostingromania.ro/apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-6/v6.0.39/src/apache-tomcat-6.0.39-src.tar.gz +[3]:http://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-7/v7.0.52/bin/apache-tomcat-7.0.52.tar.gz +[4]:http://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-7/v7.0.52/src/apache-tomcat-7.0.52-src.tar.gz +[5]:http://mirrors.hostingromania.ro/apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.0.3/bin/apache-tomcat-8.0.3.tar.gz +[6]:http://mirrors.hostingromania.ro/apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.0.3/src/apache-tomcat-8.0.3-src.tar.gz \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/20140527 Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md b/sources/tech/20140527 Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b9cae710a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140527 Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-Users-Will-No-Longer-Have-a-Cinnamon-PPA-443933-2.jpg) + +**Many Ubuntu users have been employing a third-party repository to test Cinnamon without installing Linux Mint to do it, but it seems that that will no longer be possible in the future.** + +If you have an Ubuntu operating system, you are now able to test the Cinnamon desktop environment just by adding a PPA and installing the appropriate packages. This is as close as you can get to Linux Mint without actually installing another OS. + +Unfortunately, this functionality is about to disappear, but not because the main maintainer doesn't want to continue offering it. Apparently, the Ubuntu repositories will no longer keep older versions of GNOME packages, which Cinnamon requires, making it difficult, if not impossible, to install it through this method. + +“The stable PPA is indeed no longer being maintained. The nightly PPA is being kept for development purposes and should not be used on any sort of production machine (it can and will break at any time).” + +“To be honest, I don't have an alternative to offer Ubuntu users at the moment, apart from switching to a distribution that does support Cinnamon. There are many such distributions out there, and I'm only hoping for someone to (finally) step up on Ubuntu's side to provide proper packages to its users,” [said][1] Gwendal Le Bihan, the maintainer of the Cinnamon packages. + +This means that, for now, only an unstable PPA will be available, but it's only for testing. Users shouldn't employ it on their production machines, and soon the only way to see what Cinnamon looks like will be by installing Linux Mint (or Arch for that matter) or compile it for yourself. + +If you still want to install Cinnamon, the unstable PPA is available for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Trusty Tahr). All you have to do is to enter a few commands in a terminal (you will need to be root in order for it to work): + + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gwendal-lebihan-dev/cinnamon-nightly + sudo apt-get update + sudo apt-get install cinnamon + +After the installation has been completed, all you have to do is to log out of the system and choose Cinnamon from the greeter. + +The Cinnamon desktop environment was developed as a GNOME shell fork with the aim to provide a simple and conservative alternative to everything that is offered right now. Many users are not happy with the direction taken by GNOME, Unity, and KDE and are looking for desktops that haven't strayed too much from the norm. + +It's possible that someone else will set up another PPA with all the required packages to make Cinnamon work with the upcoming Ubuntu 14.10, but that is unlikely. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-Users-Will-No-Longer-Have-a-Cinnamon-PPA-443933.shtml + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://askubuntu.com/questions/94201/how-do-i-install-the-cinnamon-desktop \ No newline at end of file From 98f78e3c306896075c0599ad0451f90671fc284e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Tue, 27 May 2014 18:13:24 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 299/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140527-2=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md | 138 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 138 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md diff --git a/sources/talk/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md b/sources/talk/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..37ed054b93 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md @@ -0,0 +1,138 @@ +A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution +================================================================================ +![](http://www.linuxfederation.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/linux-evolution.jpg) + +Linux is Everywhere, at home, offices, colleges, labs and space stations. But it was not the dominant force in the past it is now, it all started as a hobby by a Finish student. Linux has evolved from a hobby into a computing revolution. We present you with the most complete historical timeline of Linux Evolution on the web spanning over 23 years. + +### 1991 ### + +**25 August** : The 21 year old Finnish student Linus Benedict Torvalds announced his work on a free operating system in the comp.os.minix Usenet newsgroup. + +**1 September** : Linux 0.01 was released on the net. + +### 1992 ### + +**5 January** : The Linux kernel was relicensed under the GNU GPL with the [v0.12 release][1]. The initial license forbade commercial use. After the change the distribution and sale of possibly modified and unmodified versions of Linux became possible, provided that all those copies be released under the same license and be accompanied by the complete corresponding source code. In a [later interview][2] Linus made the following statement about the license change: + + " Making Linux GPL’d was definitely the best thing I ever did." + +**29 January** : Andrew S. Tanenbaum posted [LINUX is obsolete][3] to the comp.os.minix mailing list. The debate, which is considered a flame war by some people, was about Linux and kernel architecture in general. Tanenbaum argued that microkernels are superior to monolithic kernels and that therefore Linux is obsolete. + +**5 April** : The first Linux newsgroup, comp.os.linux, is proposed and started by Ari Lemmke. + +**21 May** : Peter MacDonald announces SLS, the first standalone Linux install. It was installable by floppy disk and included such cutting-edge features as TCP-IP networking support and the X Window System. At least 10MB of space on disk was recommended. + +### 1993 ### + +**17 June** : Slackware was released by Patrick Volkerding. [Slackware][4] is considered to be the first broadly successful Linux distribution and is still in use today. + +**16 August** : Ian Murdock (the ian in Debian) released the 1st version of the Debian Linux distribution. Debian is one of the most influential Linux distros, being the basis of MEPIS, Mint, Ubuntu and many others. + +**19 August** : Matt Welsh’s Linux Installation and Getting Started, version 1 is released. This is the first book on Linux. + +### 1994 ### + +**14 March** : [Version 1.0 of the Linux kernel][5] was released. It supported single-processor i386-based computer systems. Within the 3 years of its existence the kernel code base had grown to 176,250 lines of code. + +**26 March** : The first issue of Linux Journal is published. This issue featured an interview with Linus Torvalds and articles written by Phil Hughes, Robert “Bob” Young, Michael K. Johnson, Arnold Robbins, Matt Welsh, Ian A. + +**15 August** : William R. Della Croce, Jr. files for the trademark “Linux” and it is registered in September. Della Croce has no known involvement in the Linux community yet sends letters out to prominent Linux companies demanding money for use of the trademark “Linux”. In 1997 the matter was settled by the assignment of the mark to Linus Torvalds on behalf of all Petitioners and Linux users. + +**3 November** : Red Hat co-founder Marc Ewing announced the availability of the Red Hat Software Linux on CD-ROM, a commercial product that shipped for a retail price of $49.95 and included 30 days of installation support. Red Hat became the [first $1 billion open source company][6] in 2012. + +### 1995 ### + +**4 April** : Linux Expo, the first Linux-specific tradeshow and conference series, launches and becomes the most popular and well-attended annual Linux show for the next several years. The price for entry into the exhibit hall and a pass to the conferences was $4. After three years Red Hat takes over organization and becomes the major sponsor. + +### 1996 ### + +**9 May** : The Tux mascot was created by Larry Ewing in 1996 after an initial suggestion made by Alan Cox and further refined by Linus Torvalds on the Linux kernel mailing list. The concept of the Linux mascot being a penguin came from Linus Torvalds, who claims to have contracted penguinitis after being gently nibbled by a penguin. + +**9 June** : [Version 2.0 of the Linux Kernel][7] was released. It was a significant improvement over the earlier versions being the first stable kernel to support multiple processors in a single system (SMP) and more processor types. Linux becomes a serious alternative for many companies. You can read an in advance [review of Linux Version 2.0][8] that was published in August 1996 in the Linux Journal to learn more about the improvements. + +**14 October** : Matthias Ettrich founded the KDE project in 1996 as he was troubled by the inconsistency of applications running on the Unix desktop. + +### 1997 ### + +**9 January** : Bliss, first “Linux Virus” was discovered. Bliss does not circumvent the security of the system, it relies on people with privilege to do something dumb and reminds users to install digitally signed software from trustworthy sites only and to check signatures before installing. + +“In fact it’s probably easier to write a virus for Linux because it’s open source and the code is available. So we will be seeing more Linux viruses as the OS becomes more common and popular.” —Wishful thinking from McAfee. + +### 1998 ### + +**1 May** : The Google search engine was launched. Not only is it one of the best search engines around, but it’s based on Linux and features a Linux-specific search page. + +**4 December** : A report from IDC says that Linux shipments rose by more than 200% in 1998, and its market share rose by more than 150%. Linux has a 17% market share and a growth rate unmatched by any other system on the market. + +### 1999 ### + +**9 February** : Linux and BSD users unite for “Windows Refund Day”. They visit Microsoft, hoping to return the unused Windows licenses that they were forced to acquire when they purchased a computer system bundled with the OS. + +**3 March** : Another influential desktop environment arrives in the Linux World, [the GNOME desktop][9]. GNOME is the default desktop environment in several major Linux distributions like Debian, Fedora, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop. + +### 2000 ### + +**4 February** : The latest IDC report suggests that Linux now ranks as the “second-most-popular operating system for server computers”, with 25% of the server operating system sales in 1999. Windows NT is first with 38% and NetWare ranks third with 19%. + +**11 March** : Motorola Computer Group announces the release of its HA Linux distribution. This distribution is aimed at telecommunications applications that require very high amounts of uptime; it includes hot-swap capability and is available for the i386 and PowerPC architectures. + +**23 March** : Ericsson announces its “Screen Phone HS210” product—a Linux-based telephone with a touchscreen that can be used for e-mail, web browsing, etc. Ericsson and Opera Software also announce that Ericsson’s (Linux-based) HS210 Screen Phone will incorporate the Opera web browser. + +**30 September** : Knoppix was one of the first Linux live distributions when initially released by Linux consultant Klaus Knopper. + +### 2001 ### + +**3 January** : The US National Security Agency (NSA) releases SELinux under the GPL. SELinux offers an additional layer of security checks in addition to the standard UNIX-like permissions system. + +### 2003 ### + +**6 March** : The SCO Group (SCO) announced that they were suing IBM for $1 billion, claiming that IBM transferred SCO trade secrets into Linux. Later SCO began numerous legal claims and threats against many of the major names in the computer industry, including HP, Microsoft, Novell, Silicon Graphics, Sun Microsystems and Red Hat. The jury case was decided on 30 March 2010 in Novell’s favour + +### 2004 ### + +**20 October** : [Ubuntu][10] came into life with the unusual version number 4.10, referring to its release date in October 2004 and the odd code name Warty Warthog. Ubuntu’s development is led by Canonical Ltd., a company owned by Mark Shuttleworth. While not being a major contributor to the kernel, Ubuntu plays an important part in the adoption of Linux on desktops and laptops. + +### 2007 ### + +**6 June** : ASUS announced two Eee PC models at Computex Taipei 2007: the 701 and 1001. The 1st Eee PCs came pre-installed with Xandros Linux, a lightweigt distribution optimized for small displays based on Debian. + +**8 August** : Linux Foundation was founded in 2007 by the merger of the [Open Source Development Labs][11] (OSDL) and the [Free Standards Group][12] (FSG). The Linux Foundation sponsors the work of Linux creator Linus Torvalds and is supported by leading Linux and open source companies, including prominent technology corporations such as Fujitsu, HP,IBM, Intel, NEC, Oracle, Qualcomm, Samsungand developers from around the world. + +**5 November** : Instead of announcing a Gphone as speculated beforehand, [Google announced][13] the Open Handset Alliance and [Android][14] calling it "the first truly open and comprehensive platform for mobile devices". + +### 2009 ### + +**29 January** : In January 2009 the New York Times stated: “More than 10 million people are estimated to run Ubuntu today”. + +### 2011 ### + +**11 May** : Google announced the Chromebook at the Google I/O conference 2011. Chromebooks are laptops running the so-called cloud operating system Chrome OS, that is based on the Linux kernel. + +**21 June** : Linus Torvalds announces the release of Linux 3.0. + +### 2013 ### + +**13 December** : Valve Corporation announces its Linux-based operating system SteamOS for video game consoles. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.linuxfederation.com/complete-historical-timeline-linux-evolution/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/Historic/old-versions/RELNOTES-0.12 +[2]:http://j.mp/fs-pragmatist +[3]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanenbaum%E2%80%93Torvalds_debate +[4]:http://www.slackware.com/ +[5]:https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v1.0/ +[6]:http://www.informationweek.com/software/operating-systems/red-hat-first-$1-billion-open-source-company/d/d-id/1103616 +[7]:https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.0/ +[8]:http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/1311 +[9]:http://www.gnome.org/ +[10]:http://www.ubuntu.com/ +[11]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Source_Development_Labs +[12]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Standards_Group +[13]:http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2007/11/wheres-my-gphone.html +[14]:http://www.android.com/ \ No newline at end of file From 3a63180e9daaeafefa91de37f5c45310631bfcd5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Tue, 27 May 2014 21:25:30 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 300/601] alim0x translating --- ...0140527 Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/20140527 Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md b/sources/news/20140527 Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md index 764be91d23..c7e2643879 100644 --- a/sources/news/20140527 Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md +++ b/sources/news/20140527 Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +alim0x translating + Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Apache-Tomcat-7-0-54-Now-Available-for-Download-443862-2.jpg) @@ -34,4 +36,4 @@ via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Apache-Tomcat-7-0-54-Now-Available-for-Downl [3]:http://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-7/v7.0.52/bin/apache-tomcat-7.0.52.tar.gz [4]:http://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-7/v7.0.52/src/apache-tomcat-7.0.52-src.tar.gz [5]:http://mirrors.hostingromania.ro/apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.0.3/bin/apache-tomcat-8.0.3.tar.gz -[6]:http://mirrors.hostingromania.ro/apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.0.3/src/apache-tomcat-8.0.3-src.tar.gz \ No newline at end of file +[6]:http://mirrors.hostingromania.ro/apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.0.3/src/apache-tomcat-8.0.3-src.tar.gz From ce87b143c50c0122646934a4c80c1f4b54e9d065 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: recNeps Date: Tue, 27 May 2014 21:33:40 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 301/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98A=20Complete=20Histor?= =?UTF-8?q?ical=20Timeline=20of=20Linux=20Evolution?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...0140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/sources/talk/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md b/sources/talk/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md index 37ed054b93..68639168c3 100644 --- a/sources/talk/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md +++ b/sources/talk/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +CNprober 翻译中 + A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution ================================================================================ ![](http://www.linuxfederation.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/linux-evolution.jpg) From 5db30ed8b4fde015df86fc147ae89d88a21b9f7d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Tue, 27 May 2014 22:04:32 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 302/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9A23=20The=20L?= =?UTF-8?q?inux=20Kernel--Configuring=20the=20Kernel=20Part=2019?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...he Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 19.md | 11 +++++------ 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) rename {translated => published}/The Linux Kernel/23 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 19.md (93%) diff --git a/translated/The Linux Kernel/23 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 19.md b/published/The Linux Kernel/23 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 19.md similarity index 93% rename from translated/The Linux Kernel/23 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 19.md rename to published/The Linux Kernel/23 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 19.md index d294270839..afa09f6a4c 100644 --- a/translated/The Linux Kernel/23 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 19.md +++ b/published/The Linux Kernel/23 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 19.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ 戴文的Linux内核专题：23 配置内核 (19) ================================================================================ -![](http://www.linux.org/attachments/slide-jpg.626/) +![](http://www.linux.org/attachments/slide-jpg.626/.jpg) 欢迎进入Linux内核系列文章的下一篇！我们正在接近配置过程的终点。在这篇文章中，我们将会讨论固件驱动和文件系统驱动。 -这个分类中的第一个驱动是寻找启动盘(BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive calls determine boot disk)。有时，Linux不会知道那个盘是启动盘。这个驱动允许内核询问BIOS。Linux接着在sysfs上存储信息。Linux需要知道这些来设置bootloader。 +这个分类中的第一个驱动是寻找启动盘(BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive calls determine boot disk)。有时，Linux不会知道哪个盘是启动盘。这个驱动允许内核询问BIOS。Linux接着在sysfs上存储信息。Linux需要知道这些来设置bootloader。 即使BIOS EDD服务被编译进了内核，这个选项可以设置这些服务不激活(Sets default behavior for EDD detection to off )。EDD代表的是"Enhanced Disk Drive"(增强磁盘驱动器)。 @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ "Ext2 POSIX Access Control Lists"增加了额外的非原生的权限模型。 -"Ext2 Security Labels"增强了有SELinux提供的安全性。 +"Ext2 Security Labels"增强了由SELinux提供的安全性。 启用"Ext2 execute in place support"允许可执行文件在当前的位置执行而不必在页缓存中执行。 @@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ Linux系统也支持NIL-FileSystem(NILFS2 file system support)。[http://www.lin 为了支持一些文件系统使用到的flock()系统调用，启用这个驱动(Enable POSIX file locking API)。禁用这个去的那个会减少11KB的内核大小。这个驱动提供了文件锁定。文件锁定是一个允许进程在某刻读取文件的过程。这通常用于网络文件系统，就像NFS。 -"Dnotify support"驱动是一个古老的文件系统通知系统，它提醒文件系统上的事件的用户空间。它的一个用处和它的继承者被用于监控应用的文件系统。某个应用告诉守护进程需要监视哪些事件。不然，每个用户空间应用需要它们自己完成这个任务。 +"Dnotify support"驱动是一个古老的文件系统通知系统，它提醒文件系统上的事件的用户空间。它和它的继承者被用于监控应用的文件系统。某个应用告诉守护进程需要监视哪些事件。不然，每个用户空间应用需要它们自己完成这个任务。 记住，Dnotify是一个古老的系统，那么什么是新的通知系统？它就是由这个驱动提供的Inotify (Inotify support for userspace)。 @@ -106,14 +106,13 @@ Linux系统也支持NIL-FileSystem(NILFS2 file system support)。[http://www.lin 一个特殊的FUSE扩展可以用于在用户空间使用字符设备Character device in Userspace support)。 -In the next article, we will discuss caches, optical disc filesystems, FAT32 on Linux, and other interesting filesystem topics. Mahalo! 下一篇文章中，我们会继续讨论缓存，光盘文件系统，Linux上的FAT32和其他有趣的文件系统话题。谢谢！ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://www.linux.org/threads/the-linux-kernel-configuring-the-kernel-part-19.4929/ -译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From ef0493bc64fccecb94e1da8a94f1d9d7e8c6da81 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Tue, 27 May 2014 22:15:01 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 303/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9A24=20The=20L?= =?UTF-8?q?inux=20Kernel--Configuring=20the=20Kernel=20Part=2020?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...24 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 20.md | 8 ++++---- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) rename {translated => published}/The Linux Kernel/24 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 20.md (96%) diff --git a/translated/The Linux Kernel/24 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 20.md b/published/The Linux Kernel/24 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 20.md similarity index 96% rename from translated/The Linux Kernel/24 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 20.md rename to published/The Linux Kernel/24 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 20.md index 2363e749bb..7f684cf88d 100644 --- a/translated/The Linux Kernel/24 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 20.md +++ b/published/The Linux Kernel/24 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 20.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ 戴文的Linux内核专题：24 配置内核 (20) ================================================================================ -![](http://www.linux.org/attachments/slide-jpg.663/) +![](http://www.linux.org/attachments/slide-jpg.663/.jpg) -欢迎进入Linux内核系列文章的下一篇!本篇我们就爱哪个会继续配置文件系统。 +欢迎进入Linux内核系列文章的下一篇!本篇我们继续配置文件系统。 首先，我们启用"General filesystem local caching manager"，它允许内核存储文件系统缓存。这可以增加在存储空间开销上的性能。 @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ 为了增强网络文件系统的速度，启用接下来的驱动(Filesystem caching on files)。这个特性允许整个本地文件系统被用于远程文件系统和存储单元的缓存。Linux内核会管理这个分区。 -有两种不同的用于的调试驱动用于本地缓存系统和远程文件系统，它们是(Debug CacheFiles)和(Gather latency information on CacheFiles)。 +有两种不同的用于调试的驱动可用于本地缓存系统和远程文件系统，它们是(Debug CacheFiles)和(Gather latency information on CacheFiles)。 大多数通常的光盘文件系统是ISO 9660标准的ISO-9660，故名(ISO 9660 CDROM file system support)。这个驱动用于读/写主流的光盘。 @@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ flash友好型文件系统(Flash-Friendly FileSystem)是一种对于闪存设备 via: http://www.linux.org/threads/the-linux-kernel-configuring-the-kernel-part-20.4957/ -译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From ee98a2c66045e86af93072b518eed7a7febdc73a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Tue, 27 May 2014 23:19:30 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 304/601] =?UTF-8?q?[=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90]U?= =?UTF-8?q?buntu=20Devs=20Propose=20...to=20Aid=20Development.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Ubuntu Devs Propose Creating Separate ‘Unity 8 Desktop’ Flavor to Aid Development.md --- ...nity 8 Desktop’ Flavor to Aid Development.md | 45 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 45 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/news/Ubuntu Devs Propose Creating Separate ‘Unity 8 Desktop’ Flavor to Aid Development.md diff --git a/translated/news/Ubuntu Devs Propose Creating Separate ‘Unity 8 Desktop’ Flavor to Aid Development.md b/translated/news/Ubuntu Devs Propose Creating Separate ‘Unity 8 Desktop’ Flavor to Aid Development.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..73f57375ae --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/Ubuntu Devs Propose Creating Separate ‘Unity 8 Desktop’ Flavor to Aid Development.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +Ubuntu开发者们提议创建另外风格的‘Unity 8桌面’来帮助开发 +================================================================================ +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/1.jpg) + +**Ubuntu桌面团队已经提出创建一个基于Unity 8的新风格Ubuntu桌面的想法。** + +开发者Iain Lane概括了团队邮件列表中的提议，说，这样的一个转变所带来的东西会使开发者和爱好者们同样‘想弄明白制作出一个基于可用的软件的桌面产品需要做的工作’。 + +Lane写道： + +> “桌面团队想要增加一个新的Ubuntu桌面风格（目前我们不计划能有任何的正式发布版本），其中包含Unity 8桌面以及为触摸项目开发的新应用。 +> 这个想法的初衷是提供一个产品，开发者们能够使用它来弄清制作一个基于可用的软件的桌面产品需要做些什么，以及创造一片试验场来寻求解决所要求的集成问题的最佳途径。” + +### ‘默认预置于Ubuntu 16.04’ ### + +一个试验性的发行版在此刻所带来的好处是显而易见的。 + +Canonical旨在在PC上重复利用手机和平板版本的Ubuntu的代码，尽管有一个更加传统的桌面环境的伪装，但这是他们走向‘convergence（融合）’计划的一部分。 + +但Unity 8在手机和平板形态上的项目仍然处于活跃开发的状态————二者都有正在来临的硬件发布————在塑造PC面貌的主要进程上相当缓慢也是可以理解的。 + +> ‘在常规PC上测试Unity 8镜像的好处似乎是一个精明的提议’ + +尽管有些注意事项，但Ubuntu 14.04 LTS通过一个可与现存版本一同安装的Unity 8桌面会话，提供给开发者们一个测试平板版本快照的机会。 + +通过创建一个专用的Unity 8桌面镜像，可安装会话中的许多限制能够得到缓解。一个实时会话（live session）不仅能够使测试通过live USB或CD更加容易进行，也能够允许更大范围的试验，以及尽情测试而不用有会影响到常规桌面用户的压力。 + +这个项目的一个[蓝图][1]表明这个新转变的镜像（.iso）‘应该会在16.04中成为一个默认选项’。 + +在大多数的工程精力仍然集中于推进移动版本的迭代使其符合标准的情况下，目前基于Compiz的版本（Unity 7，开发者称为‘现维护版本’）在可预见的未来中仍然可能被作为默认选项。 + +在桌面上过渡到Unity 8同样也取决于Mir的时限————Canonical自行开发的显示服务器/显示协议。在[对Mir登场的乐观预测早已让步于现实][2]的情况下, 更明确的计划基本上仍然处于模糊或未宣布的状态。Mir对传统桌面工作流支持工作————如解决窗口合并，任务切换以及多显示器设置————仍处在早期阶段，从为常规PC测试镜像中获得收获，看起来又是一个精明的提议。 + +如何最好地解决“click packages”（这是Unity 8/Mir应用使用的定制运行时框架）；是否有足够的资源来支持开发‘另一风格’的桌面；以及这样的一个项目应该使用什么名称都还处在等待讨论的队列中。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/ubuntu-unity-8-desktop-flavour-discussed + +译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://blueprints.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+spec/client-1410-unity8-desktop-iso +[2]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/03/mir-default-display-server-ubuntu-2016 From 4c849417c3efc3a19120349a1ae277a9bc6ac7be Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Tue, 27 May 2014 23:20:03 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 305/601] =?UTF-8?q?[=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90?= =?UTF-8?q?=E5=88=A0=E9=99=A4]?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ty 8 Desktop' Flavor to Aid Development.md | 47 ------------------- 1 file changed, 47 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/Ubuntu Devs Propose Creating Separate 'Unity 8 Desktop' Flavor to Aid Development.md diff --git a/sources/news/Ubuntu Devs Propose Creating Separate 'Unity 8 Desktop' Flavor to Aid Development.md b/sources/news/Ubuntu Devs Propose Creating Separate 'Unity 8 Desktop' Flavor to Aid Development.md deleted file mode 100644 index fbb39e2acb..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/Ubuntu Devs Propose Creating Separate 'Unity 8 Desktop' Flavor to Aid Development.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,47 +0,0 @@ -alim0x translating - -Ubuntu Devs Propose Creating Separate ‘Unity 8 Desktop’ Flavor to Aid Development -================================================================================ -![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/1.jpg) - -**The creation of a new Ubuntu flavour based on Unity 8 has been put forward by the Ubuntu Desktop Team.** - -Developer Iain Lane, who outlined the proposal on the team’s mailing list, says the addition of such a spin would allow developers and enthusiasts alike ‘to figure out the work that’s required to make a desktop product based on th[e] software usable’. - -Lane writes: - -> “The desktop team would like to add a new flavour (we don’t plan to have any formal releases at this point) of Ubuntu which contains the Unity 8 desktop and the new applications which have been developed for the touch project. -> The initial intention is to provide a product which developers can use to figure out the work that’s required to make a desktop product based on this software usable, and to create a space for experimentation to figure out the best ways of carrying out the required integration.” - -### ‘Default by Ubuntu 16.04’ ### - -The potential boons for an experimental distro at this juncture are evident. - -Canonical aims to reuse the same code from the phone and tablet versions of Ubuntu on the PC, albeit with a more traditional desktop guise, as part of their drive towards ‘convergence’. - -But with Unity 8 still under active development on both phone and tablet form factors — both of which have hardware releases looming — it’s understandable that major progress on shaping the PC face has been fairly slow. - -> ‘The boon of testing images of Unity 8 for regular PCs seems an astute proposal’ - -Ubuntu 14.04 LTS offers developers the chance to toy with a snapshot of tablet work through an installable Unity 8 desktop session that can be installed alongside the incumbent version, albeit with a few caveats. - -In creating a dedicated Unity 8 desktop image many of the limitations of the installable session would be alleviated. Not only would a live session make testing more accessible through a live USB or CD, but should also allow a wider range of experimentation and testing free from the pressures of affecting regular desktop users. - -A [blueprint][1] for the project says that the image (.iso) of the new spin ‘should become the default one by 16.04.’ - -With most engineering effort still being put toward bringing the mobile iterations up to spec, the current Compiz-based version (Unity 7, described as ‘in maintenance’ by developer) is likely to remain default on the desktop builds for the foreseeable future. - -Transitioning over to Unity 8 on the desktop also depends on timeframes for Mir, Canonical’s in-house display server/display protocol. With [optimistic forecasts on its desktop debut long since ceded to reality][2], more definite plans remain largely ambiguous or unannounced. There, work on supporting traditional desktop workflows in Mir – such as handling window compositing, task switching and multi-monitor setups – remains in the early stages, making the benefit of testing images for regular PCs seem, again, a rather astute proposal. - -How best to handle “click packages” (these are the custom runtime framework Unity 8/Mir apps use); whether resources to support ‘another flavour’ are available; and what name such a project should use are among the questions up for discussion. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/ubuntu-unity-8-desktop-flavour-discussed - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:https://blueprints.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+spec/client-1410-unity8-desktop-iso -[2]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/03/mir-default-display-server-ubuntu-2016 From 31c54c3238af97d88b1f4f9c593eab6c3aa96729 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Tue, 27 May 2014 23:28:41 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 306/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9A10=20Useful?= =?UTF-8?q?=20'Interview=20Questions=20and=20Answers'=20on=20Linux=20Shell?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Scripting?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...s and Answers' on Linux Shell Scripting.md | 52 +++++++++++++------ 1 file changed, 36 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-) rename {translated/talk => published}/10 Useful 'Interview Questions and Answers' on Linux Shell Scripting.md (78%) diff --git a/translated/talk/10 Useful 'Interview Questions and Answers' on Linux Shell Scripting.md b/published/10 Useful 'Interview Questions and Answers' on Linux Shell Scripting.md similarity index 78% rename from translated/talk/10 Useful 'Interview Questions and Answers' on Linux Shell Scripting.md rename to published/10 Useful 'Interview Questions and Answers' on Linux Shell Scripting.md index ff09472530..5357db04b1 100644 --- a/translated/talk/10 Useful 'Interview Questions and Answers' on Linux Shell Scripting.md +++ b/published/10 Useful 'Interview Questions and Answers' on Linux Shell Scripting.md @@ -1,6 +1,8 @@ -关于Linux Shell脚本的10个有用的“面试问题和解答” +Linux Shell脚本的10个有用的“面试问题和解答” ================================================================================ + 首先致上每日问候。Linux的浩瀚无垠，使人总能每次都提交与众不同的内容。我们“**The-Tecmint-Team**”的工作是给我们的读者提供一些独特的内容，这些内容不仅对他们的职业生涯很有用，同时也让他们增长知识。在此，我们就尝试这么去做，至于能取得多大的成功，就由我们的读者朋友们来判断吧。 + ![Questions on Shell Scripting](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Questions-on-Shell-Scripting.png) 我们为各类用户提供了关于**Shell脚本**语言和**面试问题**的很多教程，可以访问以下链接去阅读这些文章。 @@ -8,8 +10,10 @@ - [面试问题与解答系列][2] 在此，作为shell脚本的附加内容，在本文中我们将从面试的角度解读与Linux Shell相关的问题。 -#### 1. 在shell脚本成功执行后，你怎么退出脚本？ #### -> **解答**：我们需要使用‘exit’命令来实现以上描述的情境。但‘exit’命令被强制输出非0值，脚本会报错并退出。在Unix环境下的shell脚本中，0值表示成功执行。因此，在脚本终止前赋予一个不带引号的‘exit -1’命令将使脚本退出。 + +#### 1. 在shell脚本成功执行前，如何中断脚本执行？ #### + +> **解答**：我们需要使用‘exit’命令来实现以上描述的情境。‘exit’命令被强制输出非0值时，脚本会报错并退出。在Unix环境下的shell脚本中，0值表示成功执行。因此，在脚本终止前执行一个不带引号的‘exit -1’命令将使脚本中止。 例如，创建以下一个名为“**anything.sh**”的脚本。 @@ -26,9 +30,12 @@ exit.sh: 3: exit: Illegal number: -1 从上面的脚本中可以清楚地看到，在exit -1命令前，脚本执行得很好。 + #### 2. 如何使用Linux命令来移除文件头？ #### + > **解答**：当我们需要删除文件中的指定行时，‘sed’命令可以用来解决该问题。 -这个是用来删除文件头（文件的首行）的确切命令。 + +这个是用来删除文件头（文件的首行）的正确命令。 # sed '1 d' file.txt @@ -41,26 +48,30 @@ # sed -i '1 d' file.txt #### 3. 你怎么检查一个文本文件中某一行的长度？ #### + > **解答**：‘sed’命令也可以用来查找文本文件中的某一行或者检查其长度。 -‘**sed -n ‘n p’ file.txt**’可以解决，这里‘**n**’表示行号，‘**p**’打印出模式空间（到标准输出），该命令通常与**-n**命令行选项连用。那么，怎样来获取长度计数呢？很明显，我们需要通过管道输出给‘**wc**’命令来计算。 + +‘**sed -n ‘n p’ file.txt**’可以解决，这里‘**n**’表示行号，‘**p**’打印出匹配内容（到标准输出），该命令通常与**-n**命令行选项连用。那么，怎样来获取长度计数呢？很明显，我们需要通过管道输出给‘**wc**’命令来计算。 # sed –n 'n p' file.txt | wc –c -To get the length of line number ’5′ in the text file ‘**tecmint.txt**‘, we need to run. +要得到文本文件‘**tecmint.txt**’的第五行的长度，运行如下命令： # sed -n '5 p' tecmint.txt | wc -c #### 4. 可以在Linux系统上查看到所有非打印字符吗？你是怎么做到的？ #### + > **解答**：可以。可以在Linux中查看所有的非打印字符。要实现上面所讲的方案，我们需要‘vi’编辑器的帮助。 怎样在‘**vi**’编辑器中显示非打印字符？ - 打开vi编辑器。 - 先按[esc]键，然后按‘：’进入到vi编辑器的命令模式。 -- 最后，从‘vi’编辑器的命令界面输入[set list]命令并执行。 +- 最后，从‘vi’编辑器的命令界面输入`set list`命令并执行。 -**注**: 这种方式可以查看文本文件中的所有非打印字符，包括**ctrl+m（^M）**。 +**注**: 这种方式可以查看文本文件中的所有非打印字符，包括**ctrl+m（\^M）**。 + +#### 5. 假如你是一个员工组的团队领导，为xyz公司工作。公司要求你创建一个‘dir_xyz’目录，让该组成员都能在该目录下创建或访问文件，但是除了文件创建者之外的其他人不能删除文件，你会怎么做？ #### -#### 5. 假如你是一个员工组的团队领导，为xyz公司工作。公司要求你创建一个‘dir_xyz’目录，让该组成员都能在该目录下创建或访问文件，但是除了文件创建者不能删除文件，你会怎么做？ #### > **解答**：这真是个有趣的工作方案。好吧，上面所讲的方案，我们需要通过下面的步骤来实施，这简直就是小菜一碟。 # mkdir dir_xyz @@ -68,17 +79,22 @@ To get the length of line number ’5′ in the text file ‘**tecmint.txt**‘, # chmod +t dir_xyz 第一行命令创建了一个目录（**dir_xyz**），上面的第二行命令让组（g）具有‘写’和‘执行’的权限，而上面的最后一行命令——权限位最后的‘+t’是‘粘滞位’，它用来替换‘x’，表明在这个目录中，文件只能被它们的拥有者、目录的拥有者或者是超级用户root删除。 + #### 6. 你能告诉我一个Linux进程经历的各个阶段吗？ #### -> **解答**：一个Linux进程在它的处理生活中，通常经历了四个主要阶段。 + +> **解答**：一个Linux进程在它的一生中，通常经历了四个主要阶段。 + 这里是Linux进程要经历的四个阶段。 - 等待：Linux进程等待资源。 - 运行：Linux进程当前正在执行中。 -- 停止：Linux进程在成功执行或收到杀死进程信号后停止。 -- 僵尸：当一个进程被称为‘僵尸’，如果该进程已经结束，那么它会仍然活动在进程表中。 +- 停止：Linux进程在成功执行后或收到杀死进程信号后停止。 +- 僵尸：如果该进程已经结束，但仍然留在进程表中，被称为‘僵尸’。 #### 7. Linux中cut命令怎么用？ #### -> **解答**：‘cut’是一个很有用的Linux命令，当我们要截取文件的指定部分并打印到标准输出，当文本区域以及文件本身很大时，该命令被证明对操作很有帮助。 + +> **解答**：‘cut’是一个很有用的Linux命令，当我们要截取文件的指定部分并打印到标准输出，当文本区域以及文件本身很大时，这个命令很有用。 + 例如，截取‘**txt_tecmint**’文件的前10列。 # cut -c1-10 txt_tecmint @@ -88,13 +104,17 @@ To get the length of line number ’5′ in the text file ‘**tecmint.txt**‘, # cut -d;-f2 -f5 -f7 txt_tecmint #### 8. ‘cmp’和‘diff’命令的区别是什么？ #### + > **解答**：‘cmp’和‘diff’命令用来获取相同的东西，但各有侧重。 -‘**diff**’命令对文件的修改，所以这两个文件看起来相同。而‘**cmp**’命令将两个文件逐字节对比，并报告第一个不匹配的项。 + +‘**diff**’命令输出为了使两个文件一样而应该做的修改。而‘**cmp**’命令则将两个文件逐字节对比，并报告第一个不匹配的项。 #### 9. 可以用‘echo’命令来替换‘ls’命令吗？ #### -> **解答**：可以的。‘ls’命令可以用‘echo’命令来替代。‘ls’命令列出文件内容，从替换上述命令的角度讲，我们可以使用‘echo *’，很明显不需要引号，两个命令的输出完全一样。 + +> **解答**：可以的。‘ls’命令可以用‘echo’命令来替代。‘ls’命令列出目录内容，从替换上述命令的角度讲，我们可以使用‘echo *’，两个命令的输出完全一样。 #### 10. 你可能听过inode吧。你能简要描述一下inode吗？ #### + > **解答**：‘inode’是一个‘数据结构’，在Linux上用于文件标识。每个文件在Unix系统上有一个独立的‘inode’和一个‘唯一的’inode号。 到此为止吧。在下一篇文章中，我们将讨论另外一些有趣味性而又有知识性的面试问题。到那时，别跑开，请上Tecmint.com，别忘了在下面的评论部分给我们提供一些有价值的反馈哦。 @@ -103,7 +123,7 @@ To get the length of line number ’5′ in the text file ‘**tecmint.txt**‘, via: http://www.tecmint.com/interview-questions-on-shell-scripting/ -译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From e8a75b13ac14e7503f45bca0005253ffbed8f655 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: GOLinux Date: Wed, 28 May 2014 09:50:00 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 307/601] Translated:Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md --- ...est Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md | 62 ------------------- ...est Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md | 52 ++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 52 insertions(+), 62 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md create mode 100644 translated/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md diff --git a/sources/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md b/sources/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md deleted file mode 100644 index 17d8cbdafe..0000000000 --- a/sources/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62 +0,0 @@ -Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux -================================================================================ -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Image_Applications_Linux.jpeg) - -When I last wrote about [reasons to switch to Linux][1], a reader suggested me to write about Linux alternatives of popular Windows applications. After all it is one of the most common concern among Windows users thinking to switch to Linux. - -In an effort to address the same concern, in this article, I have listed photo related applications that could be used for various purposes. It’s not really alternatives to Windows programs but rather a collection of **image related applications in Linux** that could be used for various purposes. - -### Image editing applications in Linux ### - -When I say image editing, I mean hardcore professional style photo editing. In other words I am talking about [Photoshop][2]. When it comes to Linux alternative to Adobe Photoshop, there is only one name that comes to mind: [GIMP][3]. GIMP is a cross platform, full featured, professional grade image editing application that comes with almost all the features as Photoshop. Unlike Photoshop, GIMP is free in all platforms such as Linux, Windows, OS X etc. - -You can install GIMP is Ubuntu from Ubuntu Software Center. - -If you are Photoshop addict and have difficulties in adjusting to looks and shortcuts of GIMP, I would recommend [Gimpshop][4]. It’s basically GIMP but made to feel and look like Photoshop. And it’s free as well. - -### Photo management applications in Linux ### - -I am talking about applications that handle image library. You can view your images, import them from camera and phones, edit them a little, share them etc. In Windows, we have Windows Photo Viewer. In Linux, [Shotwell][5] is the most popular photo management these days. It is the default applications in various Linux distributions, Ubuntu being one of them. Unlike GIMP, Shotwell is lightweight but offers very basic editing features. - -One good alternative to Shotwell is [gThumb][6]. - -### Applications to handle raw camera images in Linux ### - -As the price of DSLRs decreases, number of (amateur) photographer increases in same proportion. As many DSLRs use RAW format to save the images, default image viewers like Shotwell won’t be able to handle these images. This is where application like [digiKam][7] comes in picture. An Open Source software, digiKam lets you handle your high end camera images in a professional manner. You can view, manage, edit, enhance, organize, tag, and share photographs with digiKam. - -Another alternative to digiKam is [GTKRawGallery][8] which also focuses on handling camera images. - -### Paint applications in Linux ### - -If you are looking for Linux alternatives to Microsoft [Paint][9], my first choice is Pinta. You can do a little editing such as annotate with text, draw circles etc. You can draw images with pencil, brush and spray. In Ubuntu, Pinta can be installed from Ubuntu Software Center. - -Another alternative to Pinta is [Krita][10] which is more powerful and provides more features. Better than a paint app but not as good as GIMP. - -### Instagram like applications in Linux ### - -In the end, lets talk about beautifying your images. We have numerous retro image effects apps on mobile devices but that’s not the case with desktop. To apply Instagram like effects in Linux, I know only [XnRetro][11] which does the work in a neat way. I recommend reading this article to know more about [how to use XnRetro in Ubuntu][12]. - -That compiles the list of various type of image applications available in Ubuntu and other Linux distributions. It’s not that this is the complete list of such apps. In fact there are many more. I have just listed the best in each category. - -What you think? Do you use some other application for a particular purpose? Do share your views with us. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://itsfoss.com/image-applications-ubuntu-linux/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://itsfoss.com/reasons-switch-linux-windows-xp/ -[2]:http://www.photoshop.com/ -[3]:http://www.gimp.org/ -[4]:http://www.gimpshop.com/ -[5]:https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Shotwell -[6]:https://wiki.gnome.org/action/show/Apps/gthumb?action=show&redirect=gthumb -[7]:http://www.digikam.org/ -[8]:http://gtkrawgallery.sourceforge.net/src/en/home.html -[9]:http://pinta-project.com/ -[10]:http://krita.org/index.php -[11]:http://www.xnview.com/en/xnretro/ -[12]:http://itsfoss.com/add-instagram-effects-xnretro-ubuntu-linux/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md b/translated/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5508862f2d --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +Ubuntu Linux上的最佳照片应用程序 +================================================================================ +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Image_Applications_Linux.jpeg) + +在我上次写[切换到Linux的理由][1]后，一位读者建议我写一些关于Windows上流行的应用程序的Linux替代品的内容。毕竟，这对于想切换到Linux的那些Windows用户们的最普遍关心的问题。 + +在本文中，我列出了可用于各种用途的与照片相关的应用程序，努力试图来回应大家普遍关心的问题。这个列表中的应用程序并非是Windows程序的替代品，而只是能用于多种用途的Linux下的图像应用程序的集合。 +### Linux中的图像编辑应用 ### +当我提到图像编辑时，我是指铁杆专业风格的照片编辑。换句话讲，我是在讨论[Photoshop][2]。而对于Adobe Photoshop的Linux替代品而言，只有一个名字浮现在我脑海里，那就是[GIMP][3]。GIMP是一个跨平台、全功能、专业级别的编辑软件，几乎囊括了Photoshop的全部功能。与Photoshop不同的是，GIMP对于所有平台都免费，如Linux，Windows，OS X等等。 + +你可以从Ubuntu软件中心来为Ubuntu安装GIMP。 + +如果你醉心于Photoshop，并且对于调整GIMP的外观和快捷键有一定难度，那我推荐你使用[Gimpshop][4]。它是一个基于GIMP，而又有Photoshop风格的应用程序，也是免费的。 +### Linux中的照片管理应用 ### +这里我是在讨论处理图像仓库的应用程序。你可以查看图像，从照相机和手机导入图像，进行图像的简单编辑，分享图像等等。在Windows中，我们有Windows照片查看器。而在Linux中，[Shotwell][5]是当今最流行的照片管理工具。它也是各种Linux发行版中默认的应用程序，而Ubuntu是其中一员。和GIMP不同的是，Shotwell是一个轻量级应用，但也提供了一些最基本的编辑功能。 + +Shotwell的一个很好的替代品是[gThumb][6]。 +### Linux中用于处理原生照相机图像的应用 ### +由于数码单反相机价格的下降，（业余）摄影师的数量也以同比例增长。由于许多数码单反相机使用原生格式存储图像，像Shotwell这样的默认的图像查看器就不能处理这些图像了，也因此像[digiKam][7]这样的应用程序就应运而生了。作为一个开源软件，digiKam可以让你以专业方式处理高端相机图像。你可以使用digiKam来查看、管理、编辑、增强、组织图像，可以给图像贴标识，也可以分享图像。 + +digiKam的另一个替代品是[GTKRawGallery][8]，该软件也关注对照相机图像的处理。 +### Linux中的绘图应用 ### +如果你正在寻找微软[画图][9]的Linux替代品，那么我选择Pinta。你可以用该软件做一些像文本注解、画圆圈这样的编辑，你可以使用铅笔、画笔和喷枪来画图。在Ubuntu中，你可以从Ubuntu软件中心安装该软件。 + +Pinta的另一个替代品是[Krita][10]，该软件更强大，提供了更多的功能。比画图应用好，但还比不上GIMP。 +### Linux中像Instagram一样的应用 ### +最后，让我们来讨论一下图像美化吧。在移动设备上，我们有许多复古的图像效果，但桌面平台中却没有。要在Linux中应用Instagram一样的效果，据我所知只有[XnRetro][11]，它能巧妙地进行处理。推荐你阅读[如何在Ubuntu中使用XnRetro][12]这篇文章来获取更多信息。 + +以上只是编排列出了Ubuntu以及其它Linux发行版中可用的各类图像应用软件，但这不是一个这类应用程序的完整列表。事实上，还有很多同类软件，我只是列出了个类目中最好的。 + +你认为呢？你也使用其它一些应用程序来完成特定的工作？能和我们分享你的看法吗？ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://itsfoss.com/image-applications-ubuntu-linux/ + +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://itsfoss.com/reasons-switch-linux-windows-xp/ +[2]:http://www.photoshop.com/ +[3]:http://www.gimp.org/ +[4]:http://www.gimpshop.com/ +[5]:https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Shotwell +[6]:https://wiki.gnome.org/action/show/Apps/gthumb?action=show&redirect=gthumb +[7]:http://www.digikam.org/ +[8]:http://gtkrawgallery.sourceforge.net/src/en/home.html +[9]:http://pinta-project.com/ +[10]:http://krita.org/index.php +[11]:http://www.xnview.com/en/xnretro/ +[12]:http://itsfoss.com/add-instagram-effects-xnretro-ubuntu-linux/ \ No newline at end of file From 488142bcb9a19e7b248655d6aae5b76f6a0aecc9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: GOLinux Date: Wed, 28 May 2014 09:51:46 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 308/601] Translated:Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md --- ...est Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md | 63 ------------------- 1 file changed, 63 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md diff --git a/sources/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md b/sources/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md deleted file mode 100644 index 21afae9876..0000000000 --- a/sources/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,63 +0,0 @@ -Translating by GOLinux ... Anybody want this? -Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux -================================================================================ -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Image_Applications_Linux.jpeg) - -When I last wrote about [reasons to switch to Linux][1], a reader suggested me to write about Linux alternatives of popular Windows applications. After all it is one of the most common concern among Windows users thinking to switch to Linux. - -In an effort to address the same concern, in this article, I have listed photo related applications that could be used for various purposes. It’s not really alternatives to Windows programs but rather a collection of **image related applications in Linux** that could be used for various purposes. - -### Image editing applications in Linux ### - -When I say image editing, I mean hardcore professional style photo editing. In other words I am talking about [Photoshop][2]. When it comes to Linux alternative to Adobe Photoshop, there is only one name that comes to mind: [GIMP][3]. GIMP is a cross platform, full featured, professional grade image editing application that comes with almost all the features as Photoshop. Unlike Photoshop, GIMP is free in all platforms such as Linux, Windows, OS X etc. - -You can install GIMP is Ubuntu from Ubuntu Software Center. - -If you are Photoshop addict and have difficulties in adjusting to looks and shortcuts of GIMP, I would recommend [Gimpshop][4]. It’s basically GIMP but made to feel and look like Photoshop. And it’s free as well. - -### Photo management applications in Linux ### - -I am talking about applications that handle image library. You can view your images, import them from camera and phones, edit them a little, share them etc. In Windows, we have Windows Photo Viewer. In Linux, [Shotwell][5] is the most popular photo management these days. It is the default applications in various Linux distributions, Ubuntu being one of them. Unlike GIMP, Shotwell is lightweight but offers very basic editing features. - -One good alternative to Shotwell is [gThumb][6]. - -### Applications to handle raw camera images in Linux ### - -As the price of DSLRs decreases, number of (amateur) photographer increases in same proportion. As many DSLRs use RAW format to save the images, default image viewers like Shotwell won’t be able to handle these images. This is where application like [digiKam][7] comes in picture. An Open Source software, digiKam lets you handle your high end camera images in a professional manner. You can view, manage, edit, enhance, organize, tag, and share photographs with digiKam. - -Another alternative to digiKam is [GTKRawGallery][8] which also focuses on handling camera images. - -### Paint applications in Linux ### - -If you are looking for Linux alternatives to Microsoft [Paint][9], my first choice is Pinta. You can do a little editing such as annotate with text, draw circles etc. You can draw images with pencil, brush and spray. In Ubuntu, Pinta can be installed from Ubuntu Software Center. - -Another alternative to Pinta is [Krita][10] which is more powerful and provides more features. Better than a paint app but not as good as GIMP. - -### Instagram like applications in Linux ### - -In the end, lets talk about beautifying your images. We have numerous retro image effects apps on mobile devices but that’s not the case with desktop. To apply Instagram like effects in Linux, I know only [XnRetro][11] which does the work in a neat way. I recommend reading this article to know more about [how to use XnRetro in Ubuntu][12]. - -That compiles the list of various type of image applications available in Ubuntu and other Linux distributions. It’s not that this is the complete list of such apps. In fact there are many more. I have just listed the best in each category. - -What you think? Do you use some other application for a particular purpose? Do share your views with us. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://itsfoss.com/image-applications-ubuntu-linux/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://itsfoss.com/reasons-switch-linux-windows-xp/ -[2]:http://www.photoshop.com/ -[3]:http://www.gimp.org/ -[4]:http://www.gimpshop.com/ -[5]:https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Shotwell -[6]:https://wiki.gnome.org/action/show/Apps/gthumb?action=show&redirect=gthumb -[7]:http://www.digikam.org/ -[8]:http://gtkrawgallery.sourceforge.net/src/en/home.html -[9]:http://pinta-project.com/ -[10]:http://krita.org/index.php -[11]:http://www.xnview.com/en/xnretro/ -[12]:http://itsfoss.com/add-instagram-effects-xnretro-ubuntu-linux/ From d9dab132f18779e7229730fabc97c285c69502c7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Wed, 28 May 2014 10:35:07 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 309/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140528-1=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md | 57 ++++++ ...Using Bacula And Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md | 190 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 247 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140528 Setup Backup Server Using Bacula And Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/tech/20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cee6f7f3d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04 +================================================================================ +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/webmin-790x586.jpg) + +[Webmin][1] is an open source, web based system administration tool for Unix/Linux. Using Webmin, you can setup and configure all services such as DNS, DHCP, Apache, NFS, and Samba etc via any modern web browsers. So, you don’t have to remember all commands or edit any configuration files manually. + +### Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS using official repository ### + +Add the webmin official repository: + +Edit file **/etc/apt/sources.list**, + + sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list + +Add the following lines: + + deb http://download.webmin.com/download/repository sarge contrib + deb http://webmin.mirror.somersettechsolutions.co.uk/repository sarge contrib + +Add the GPG key: + + sudo wget http://www.webmin.com/jcameron-key.asc + sudo apt-key add jcameron-key.asc + +Update the sources list: + + sudo apt-get update + +Install webmin using the following command: + + sudo apt-get install webmin + +Allow the webmin default port “10000″ via firewall, if you want to access the webmin console from a remote system. + + sudo ufw allow 10000 + +### Access Webmin console ### + +Open up your browser and navigate to the URL **https://ip-address:10000/**. The following screen should appear. Enter the user name and password to log in to webmin console. + +![Login to Webmin](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Login-to-Webmin-Mozilla-Firefox_010.png) + +This is how my Webmin Dashboard looked. + +![Webmin 1.690 on server.unixmen.local (Ubuntu Linux 14.04)](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Webmin-1.690-on-server.unixmen.local-Ubuntu-Linux-14.04-Mozilla-Firefox_011.png) + +That’s it. Now you’ll be able to manage and configure your Ubuntu server graphically. Cheers! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.unixmen.com/install-webmin-ubuntu-14-04/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.webmin.com/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/20140528 Setup Backup Server Using Bacula And Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/tech/20140528 Setup Backup Server Using Bacula And Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4927afbb5a --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140528 Setup Backup Server Using Bacula And Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -0,0 +1,190 @@ +Setup Backup Server Using Bacula And Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04 +================================================================================ +**Bacula** is an open source network backup solution that permits you to backup and restore the data’s from a local or group of remote networked computers. It is very easy in terms of installation and configuration with many advanced storage management features. + +In this tutorial, let us see how to install and configure Bacula on Ubuntu 14.04 server. My test box IP address is **192.168.1.250/24**, and hostname is **server.unixmen.local**. Well, now let me get us into the tutorial. + +### Install Bacula ### + +Bacula uses an SQL database to manage its information. We can use either MySQL or PostgreSQL database. In this tutorial, I use MySQL server. + +Enter the following command to install MySQL server. + + sudo apt-get update + sudo apt-get upgrade + sudo apt-get install mysql-server + +During MySQL installation, you’ll be asked to set the database administrator password. Enter the password and click Ok. + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sk@server-_0012.png) + +Re-enter the password: + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sk@server-_0021.png) + +Now, let us install bacula using the following command: + + sudo apt-get install bacula-server bacula-client + +By default, Bacula uses Postfix MTA. During installation, you’ll be asked to configure Postfix. + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sk@server-_0031.png) + +Select Internet Site and click Ok. + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sk@server-_0041.png) + +Enter server fully qualified name(FQDN): + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sk@server-_0051.png) + +Now, select Yes to configure database for Bacula with dbconfig-common. + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sk@server-_006.png) + +Enter the MySQL database administrator password: + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sk@server-_0071.png) + +Set password for bacula-director-mysql to register with the database server. If left blank, a random password will be generated. + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sk@server-_0081.png) + +Re-enter the password: + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sk@server-_0091.png) + +### Create Backup and Restore Directories ### + +Now, let us backup and restore directories. + + sudo mkdir -p /mybackup/backup /mybackup/restore + +Set permissions and ownership to the above directories: + + sudo chown -R bacula:bacula /mybackup/ + sudo chown -R 700 /mybackup/ + +### Configure Bacula ### + +Bacula has many configuration files which we have to configure. + +**Update Bacula Director configuration:** + + sudo vi /etc/bacula/bacula-dir.conf + +Find the following section, and update the restore path. In our case,** /mybackup/restore** is my restore location. + + [...] + Job { + Name = "RestoreFiles" + Type = Restore + Client=server-fd + FileSet="Full Set" + Storage = File + Pool = Default + Messages = Standard + Where = /mybackup/restore + } + [...] + +Scroll down to “list of files to be backed up” section, and set the path of the directory to backup. For this tutorial, I want to backup the “**/home/sk**” directory. So, I included this directory path in the “File” parameter. + + [...] + + # By default this is defined to point to the Bacula binary + # directory to give a reasonable FileSet to backup to + # disk storage during initial testing. + # + File = /home/sk + } + [...] + +Scroll down further, fins the section **Exclude** section. Set the list of directories to be excluded from the backup. Here, I excluded the backup folder **/mybackup** directory from being backed up. + + [...] + + # If you backup the root directory, the following two excluded + # files can be useful + # + Exclude { + File = /var/lib/bacula + File = /nonexistant/path/to/file/archive/dir + File = /proc + File = /tmp + File = /.journal + File = /.fsck + File = /mybackup + } + } + [...] + +Save and close file. + +**Update Bacula Storage Daemon settings:** + +Edit **/etc/bacula/bacula-sd.conf**, + + sudo vi /etc/bacula/bacula-sd.conf + +Set the backup folder location. i.e **/mybackup/backup** in our case. + + [...] + + Device { + Name = FileStorage + Media Type = File + Archive Device = /mybackup/backup + LabelMedia = yes; # lets Bacula label unlabeled media + Random Access = Yes; + AutomaticMount = yes; # when device opened, read it + RemovableMedia = no; + AlwaysOpen = no; + } + [...] + +Now, check if all the configurations are valid as shown below. If the commands displays nothing, the configuration changes are valid. + + sudo bacula-dir -tc /etc/bacula/bacula-dir.conf + sudo bacula-sd -tc /etc/bacula/bacula-sd.conf + +Once you done all the changes, restart all bacula services. + + sudo /etc/init.d/bacula-director restart + sudo /etc/init.d/bacula-fd restart + sudo /etc/init.d/bacula-sd restart + +That’s it. Now, bacula has been installed and configured successfully. + +### Manage Bacula Using Webmin ### + +Managing and working with Bacula via command line is bit difficult. So let use a graphical system administration tool called “webmin” to ease our tasks. + +Follow the below link to install Webmin on Ubuntu 14.04. + +- [Install Webmin on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS][1] +注：此链接文章在另一篇里，如果也翻译发布了，那么可以更改这个链接地址 + +Now, go to the Webmin interface using URL https://ip-address:10000. Go to the System tab on the left pane and click on the Module configuration link. If it not found under system, search it from the unused modules section. + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Webmin-1.690-on-server.unixmen.local-Ubuntu-Linux-14.04-Mozilla-Firefox_002.png) + +Select MySQL in the database section. Enter the MySQL database administrator password, and click Save button. + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Webmin-1.690-on-server.unixmen.local-Ubuntu-Linux-14.04-Mozilla-Firefox_003.png) + +That’s it. Now you’ll be able to configure Bacula from webmin easily. Start adding backup clients, volumes and schedule the jobs. + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Webmin-1.690-on-server.unixmen.local-Ubuntu-Linux-14.04-Mozilla-Firefox_004.png) + +Cheers! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.unixmen.com/setup-backup-server-using-bacula-webmin-ubuntu-14-04/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.unixmen.com/install-webmin-ubuntu-14-04/ \ No newline at end of file From 620de037879c3a0b48c1d6de2e4d625aa3ce3f98 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Tue, 27 May 2014 22:51:04 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 310/601] Update 20140527 Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md --- ...20140527 Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140527 Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md b/sources/tech/20140527 Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md index b9cae710a2..16746f27f5 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140527 Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140527 Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +Translating by GOLinux ... Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-Users-Will-No-Longer-Have-a-Cinnamon-PPA-443933-2.jpg) @@ -34,4 +35,4 @@ via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-Users-Will-No-Longer-Have-a-Cinnamon- 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 -[1]:http://askubuntu.com/questions/94201/how-do-i-install-the-cinnamon-desktop \ No newline at end of file +[1]:http://askubuntu.com/questions/94201/how-do-i-install-the-cinnamon-desktop From 549f23217529501d2ed8c81b01c1ac8fd9f08e4e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Wed, 28 May 2014 13:05:07 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 311/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AUbuntu=20Dev?= =?UTF-8?q?s=20Propose=20Creating=20Separate=20=E2=80=98Unity=208=20Deskto?= =?UTF-8?q?p=E2=80=99=20Flavor=20to=20Aid=20Development?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...Unity 8 Desktop’ Flavor to Aid Development.md | 18 ++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) rename {translated/news => published}/Ubuntu Devs Propose Creating Separate ‘Unity 8 Desktop’ Flavor to Aid Development.md (68%) diff --git a/translated/news/Ubuntu Devs Propose Creating Separate ‘Unity 8 Desktop’ Flavor to Aid Development.md b/published/Ubuntu Devs Propose Creating Separate ‘Unity 8 Desktop’ Flavor to Aid Development.md similarity index 68% rename from translated/news/Ubuntu Devs Propose Creating Separate ‘Unity 8 Desktop’ Flavor to Aid Development.md rename to published/Ubuntu Devs Propose Creating Separate ‘Unity 8 Desktop’ Flavor to Aid Development.md index 73f57375ae..ef2c4dd247 100644 --- a/translated/news/Ubuntu Devs Propose Creating Separate ‘Unity 8 Desktop’ Flavor to Aid Development.md +++ b/published/Ubuntu Devs Propose Creating Separate ‘Unity 8 Desktop’ Flavor to Aid Development.md @@ -4,32 +4,30 @@ Ubuntu开发者们提议创建另外风格的‘Unity 8桌面’来帮助开发 **Ubuntu桌面团队已经提出创建一个基于Unity 8的新风格Ubuntu桌面的想法。** -开发者Iain Lane概括了团队邮件列表中的提议，说，这样的一个转变所带来的东西会使开发者和爱好者们同样‘想弄明白制作出一个基于可用的软件的桌面产品需要做的工作’。 +开发者Iain Lane概括了团队邮件列表中的提议，说，这样的一个转变所带来的东西会使开发者和爱好者们同样‘来弄明白制作出一个基于可用的软件的桌面产品需要做的工作’。 Lane写道： -> “桌面团队想要增加一个新的Ubuntu桌面风格（目前我们不计划能有任何的正式发布版本），其中包含Unity 8桌面以及为触摸项目开发的新应用。 -> 这个想法的初衷是提供一个产品，开发者们能够使用它来弄清制作一个基于可用的软件的桌面产品需要做些什么，以及创造一片试验场来寻求解决所要求的集成问题的最佳途径。” +> “桌面团队想要增加一个新的Ubuntu桌面风格（目前我们并没有计划为此发行任何正式的发行版），其中包含Unity 8桌面以及为触摸项目开发的新应用。 +> 这个想法的初衷是提供一个产品，开发者们能够使用它来弄清制作一个基于可用的软件的桌面产品需要做些什么，以及创造一片试验田来寻求解决所要求的集成问题的最佳途径。” ### ‘默认预置于Ubuntu 16.04’ ### 一个试验性的发行版在此刻所带来的好处是显而易见的。 -Canonical旨在在PC上重复利用手机和平板版本的Ubuntu的代码，尽管有一个更加传统的桌面环境的伪装，但这是他们走向‘convergence（融合）’计划的一部分。 +Canonical旨在在PC上重复利用手机和平板版本的Ubuntu的代码，尽管披着更加传统的桌面环境的外衣，但这是他们走向‘convergence（融合）’计划的一部分。 但Unity 8在手机和平板形态上的项目仍然处于活跃开发的状态————二者都有正在来临的硬件发布————在塑造PC面貌的主要进程上相当缓慢也是可以理解的。 -> ‘在常规PC上测试Unity 8镜像的好处似乎是一个精明的提议’ - 尽管有些注意事项，但Ubuntu 14.04 LTS通过一个可与现存版本一同安装的Unity 8桌面会话，提供给开发者们一个测试平板版本快照的机会。 通过创建一个专用的Unity 8桌面镜像，可安装会话中的许多限制能够得到缓解。一个实时会话（live session）不仅能够使测试通过live USB或CD更加容易进行，也能够允许更大范围的试验，以及尽情测试而不用有会影响到常规桌面用户的压力。 -这个项目的一个[蓝图][1]表明这个新转变的镜像（.iso）‘应该会在16.04中成为一个默认选项’。 +这个项目的一个[规划][1]表明这个新转变的镜像（.iso）‘应该会在16.04中成为一个默认选项’。 -在大多数的工程精力仍然集中于推进移动版本的迭代使其符合标准的情况下，目前基于Compiz的版本（Unity 7，开发者称为‘现维护版本’）在可预见的未来中仍然可能被作为默认选项。 +在大多数的人力投入仍然集中于推进移动版本的迭代使其符合标准的情况下，目前基于Compiz的版本（Unity 7，开发者称为‘现维护版本’）在可预见的未来中仍然可能被作为默认选项。 -在桌面上过渡到Unity 8同样也取决于Mir的时限————Canonical自行开发的显示服务器/显示协议。在[对Mir登场的乐观预测早已让步于现实][2]的情况下, 更明确的计划基本上仍然处于模糊或未宣布的状态。Mir对传统桌面工作流支持工作————如解决窗口合并，任务切换以及多显示器设置————仍处在早期阶段，从为常规PC测试镜像中获得收获，看起来又是一个精明的提议。 +在桌面上过渡到Unity 8同样也取决于Mir（Canonical自行开发的显示服务器/显示协议）的时限。在[对Mir登场的乐观预测早已让步于现实][2]的情况下, 更明确的计划基本上仍然处于模糊或未宣布的状态。Mir对传统桌面工作流支持工作仍处在早期阶段，比如解决窗口合并、任务切换以及多显示器设置等。从在常规PC里测试镜像中获得帮助，看起来也是一个不错的想法。 如何最好地解决“click packages”（这是Unity 8/Mir应用使用的定制运行时框架）；是否有足够的资源来支持开发‘另一风格’的桌面；以及这样的一个项目应该使用什么名称都还处在等待讨论的队列中。 @@ -37,7 +35,7 @@ Canonical旨在在PC上重复利用手机和平板版本的Ubuntu的代码，尽 via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/ubuntu-unity-8-desktop-flavour-discussed -译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 3191aece581f8d08f03ac854974a387879c0101a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: carolinewuyan <309866211@qq.com> Date: Wed, 28 May 2014 13:07:31 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 312/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9=E4=B8=AD?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- translated/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md b/translated/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md index 5508862f2d..1744f5487d 100644 --- a/translated/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md +++ b/translated/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Ubuntu Linux上的最佳照片应用程序 ### Linux中的图像编辑应用 ### 当我提到图像编辑时，我是指铁杆专业风格的照片编辑。换句话讲，我是在讨论[Photoshop][2]。而对于Adobe Photoshop的Linux替代品而言，只有一个名字浮现在我脑海里，那就是[GIMP][3]。GIMP是一个跨平台、全功能、专业级别的编辑软件，几乎囊括了Photoshop的全部功能。与Photoshop不同的是，GIMP对于所有平台都免费，如Linux，Windows，OS X等等。 -你可以从Ubuntu软件中心来为Ubuntu安装GIMP。 +你可以从Ubuntu软件中心来为Ubuntu安装GIMP。 如果你醉心于Photoshop，并且对于调整GIMP的外观和快捷键有一定难度，那我推荐你使用[Gimpshop][4]。它是一个基于GIMP，而又有Photoshop风格的应用程序，也是免费的。 ### Linux中的照片管理应用 ### @@ -49,4 +49,4 @@ via: http://itsfoss.com/image-applications-ubuntu-linux/ [9]:http://pinta-project.com/ [10]:http://krita.org/index.php [11]:http://www.xnview.com/en/xnretro/ -[12]:http://itsfoss.com/add-instagram-effects-xnretro-ubuntu-linux/ \ No newline at end of file +[12]:http://itsfoss.com/add-instagram-effects-xnretro-ubuntu-linux/ From 177b820c839919182a133a3c45753fe640745751 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: MikeCoder Date: Wed, 28 May 2014 13:21:49 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 313/601] Merge branch 'master', remote-tracking branch 'lctt/master' From 48fc8923f494714278091f4b51e1af2cb1fb3492 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Wed, 28 May 2014 13:22:01 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 314/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9ABest=20Photo?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Applications=20For=20Ubuntu=20Linux?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...est Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md | 20 ++++++++++++++----- 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) rename {translated/talk => published}/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md (76%) diff --git a/translated/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md b/published/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md similarity index 76% rename from translated/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md rename to published/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md index 1744f5487d..f334df3ff1 100644 --- a/translated/talk/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md +++ b/published/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md @@ -5,25 +5,35 @@ Ubuntu Linux上的最佳照片应用程序 在我上次写[切换到Linux的理由][1]后，一位读者建议我写一些关于Windows上流行的应用程序的Linux替代品的内容。毕竟，这对于想切换到Linux的那些Windows用户们的最普遍关心的问题。 在本文中，我列出了可用于各种用途的与照片相关的应用程序，努力试图来回应大家普遍关心的问题。这个列表中的应用程序并非是Windows程序的替代品，而只是能用于多种用途的Linux下的图像应用程序的集合。 + ### Linux中的图像编辑应用 ### -当我提到图像编辑时，我是指铁杆专业风格的照片编辑。换句话讲，我是在讨论[Photoshop][2]。而对于Adobe Photoshop的Linux替代品而言，只有一个名字浮现在我脑海里，那就是[GIMP][3]。GIMP是一个跨平台、全功能、专业级别的编辑软件，几乎囊括了Photoshop的全部功能。与Photoshop不同的是，GIMP对于所有平台都免费，如Linux，Windows，OS X等等。 + +当我提到图像编辑时，我是指骨灰级专业风格的照片编辑。换句话讲，我是在讨论[Photoshop][2]。而对于Adobe Photoshop的Linux替代品而言，只有一个名字浮现在我脑海里，那就是[GIMP][3]。GIMP是一个跨平台、全功能、专业级别的编辑软件，几乎囊括了Photoshop的全部功能。与Photoshop不同的是，GIMP对于所有平台都免费，如Linux，Windows，OS X等等。 你可以从Ubuntu软件中心来为Ubuntu安装GIMP。 -如果你醉心于Photoshop，并且对于调整GIMP的外观和快捷键有一定难度，那我推荐你使用[Gimpshop][4]。它是一个基于GIMP，而又有Photoshop风格的应用程序，也是免费的。 +如果你醉心于Photoshop，并且对于调整GIMP的外观和快捷键有一定难度，那我推荐你使用[Gimpshop][4]。它是一个基于GIMP，而又有Photoshop风格的应用程序，当然也是免费的。 + ### Linux中的照片管理应用 ### -这里我是在讨论处理图像仓库的应用程序。你可以查看图像，从照相机和手机导入图像，进行图像的简单编辑，分享图像等等。在Windows中，我们有Windows照片查看器。而在Linux中，[Shotwell][5]是当今最流行的照片管理工具。它也是各种Linux发行版中默认的应用程序，而Ubuntu是其中一员。和GIMP不同的是，Shotwell是一个轻量级应用，但也提供了一些最基本的编辑功能。 + +这里我是在说处理图像仓库的应用程序。你可以查看图像，从照相机和手机导入图像，进行图像的简单编辑，分享图像等等。在Windows中，我们有Windows照片查看器。而在Linux中，[Shotwell][5]是当今最流行的照片管理工具。它也是各种Linux发行版中默认内置的应用程序，当然Ubuntu也是这样内置的。和GIMP不同的是，Shotwell是一个轻量级应用，但也提供了一些最基本的编辑功能。 Shotwell的一个很好的替代品是[gThumb][6]。 + ### Linux中用于处理原生照相机图像的应用 ### + 由于数码单反相机价格的下降，（业余）摄影师的数量也以同比例增长。由于许多数码单反相机使用原生格式存储图像，像Shotwell这样的默认的图像查看器就不能处理这些图像了，也因此像[digiKam][7]这样的应用程序就应运而生了。作为一个开源软件，digiKam可以让你以专业方式处理高端相机图像。你可以使用digiKam来查看、管理、编辑、增强、组织图像，可以给图像贴标识，也可以分享图像。 digiKam的另一个替代品是[GTKRawGallery][8]，该软件也关注对照相机图像的处理。 + ### Linux中的绘图应用 ### -如果你正在寻找微软[画图][9]的Linux替代品，那么我选择Pinta。你可以用该软件做一些像文本注解、画圆圈这样的编辑，你可以使用铅笔、画笔和喷枪来画图。在Ubuntu中，你可以从Ubuntu软件中心安装该软件。 + +如果你正在寻找微软[画图][9]的Linux替代品，那么我选择Paint。你可以用该软件做一些像文本注解、画圆圈这样的编辑，你可以使用铅笔、画笔和喷枪来画图。在Ubuntu中，你可以从Ubuntu软件中心安装该软件。 Pinta的另一个替代品是[Krita][10]，该软件更强大，提供了更多的功能。比画图应用好，但还比不上GIMP。 + ### Linux中像Instagram一样的应用 ### + 最后，让我们来讨论一下图像美化吧。在移动设备上，我们有许多复古的图像效果，但桌面平台中却没有。要在Linux中应用Instagram一样的效果，据我所知只有[XnRetro][11]，它能巧妙地进行处理。推荐你阅读[如何在Ubuntu中使用XnRetro][12]这篇文章来获取更多信息。 以上只是编排列出了Ubuntu以及其它Linux发行版中可用的各类图像应用软件，但这不是一个这类应用程序的完整列表。事实上，还有很多同类软件，我只是列出了个类目中最好的。 @@ -34,7 +44,7 @@ Pinta的另一个替代品是[Krita][10]，该软件更强大，提供了更多 via: http://itsfoss.com/image-applications-ubuntu-linux/ -译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From ec7ea186bff85d564a359dc4c2da9c494dded4a6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: MikeCoder Date: Wed, 28 May 2014 13:23:39 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 315/601] Translating... --- sources/tech/20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/tech/20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md index cee6f7f3d5..2962ab7390 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +Mike Translating... + Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04 ================================================================================ ![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/webmin-790x586.jpg) From 43a8033119c1f1da1e972521df86cd20affe6612 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Rei Date: Wed, 28 May 2014 13:30:35 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 316/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9=E4=B8=AD?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- translated/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/translated/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md b/translated/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md index ac45bdc506..33bed191b7 100644 --- a/translated/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md +++ b/translated/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ via: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/billrobinson/techview-linus-torvalds-i_b_5338844.html -译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[reinoir](https://github.com/reinoir) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 7a08adaefcc0ff2466bafaf5ef95d7ca11e6ad5a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: MikeCoder Date: Wed, 28 May 2014 13:39:30 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 317/601] finish translating --- ...20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md | 59 ------------------- ...20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md | 58 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 58 insertions(+), 59 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/tech/20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2962ab7390..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,59 +0,0 @@ -Mike Translating... - -Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04 -================================================================================ -![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/webmin-790x586.jpg) - -[Webmin][1] is an open source, web based system administration tool for Unix/Linux. Using Webmin, you can setup and configure all services such as DNS, DHCP, Apache, NFS, and Samba etc via any modern web browsers. So, you don’t have to remember all commands or edit any configuration files manually. - -### Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS using official repository ### - -Add the webmin official repository: - -Edit file **/etc/apt/sources.list**, - - sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list - -Add the following lines: - - deb http://download.webmin.com/download/repository sarge contrib - deb http://webmin.mirror.somersettechsolutions.co.uk/repository sarge contrib - -Add the GPG key: - - sudo wget http://www.webmin.com/jcameron-key.asc - sudo apt-key add jcameron-key.asc - -Update the sources list: - - sudo apt-get update - -Install webmin using the following command: - - sudo apt-get install webmin - -Allow the webmin default port “10000″ via firewall, if you want to access the webmin console from a remote system. - - sudo ufw allow 10000 - -### Access Webmin console ### - -Open up your browser and navigate to the URL **https://ip-address:10000/**. The following screen should appear. Enter the user name and password to log in to webmin console. - -![Login to Webmin](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Login-to-Webmin-Mozilla-Firefox_010.png) - -This is how my Webmin Dashboard looked. - -![Webmin 1.690 on server.unixmen.local (Ubuntu Linux 14.04)](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Webmin-1.690-on-server.unixmen.local-Ubuntu-Linux-14.04-Mozilla-Firefox_011.png) - -That’s it. Now you’ll be able to manage and configure your Ubuntu server graphically. Cheers! - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.unixmen.com/install-webmin-ubuntu-14-04/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.webmin.com/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/tech/20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md b/translated/tech/20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d341aac1f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +在Ubuntu 14.04上安装 Webmin +================================================================================ +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/webmin-790x586.jpg) + +[Webmin][1]是一个开源的基于网页的Unix/Linux系统管理工具。通过使用Webmin，你可以在浏览器上设置和安装所有的系统服务，包括:DNS,DHCP,Apache,NFS和Samba等等。因此，有了这个，你就再也不需要去记住所有的修改配置的命令了。 + + +### 使用官方软件源在Ubuntu 14.04 LTS上安装Webmin ### + +添加webmin的官方仓库: + +修改 **/etc/apt/sources.list**, + + sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list + +添加如下内容: + + deb http://download.webmin.com/download/repository sarge contrib + deb http://webmin.mirror.somersettechsolutions.co.uk/repository sarge contrib + +添加GPG密钥: + + sudo wget http://www.webmin.com/jcameron-key.asc + sudo apt-key add jcameron-key.asc + +更新软件源: + + sudo apt-get update + +通过如下命令安装webmin: + + sudo apt-get install webmin + +如果你想从远程系统访问webmin的控制台,就在防火墙里开启webmin的默认端口“10000” + + sudo ufw allow 10000 + +### 访问Webmin控制界面 ### + +打开浏览器并访问URL** https://ip-address:10000/**。应该会出现如下的场景。在此输入用户名和密码来登录webmin的控制台。 + +![Login to Webmin](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Login-to-Webmin-Mozilla-Firefox_010.png) + +这是我的Webmin面板。 + +![Webmin 1.690 on server.unixmen.local (Ubuntu Linux 14.04)](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Webmin-1.690-on-server.unixmen.local-Ubuntu-Linux-14.04-Mozilla-Firefox_011.png) + +就是这样。现在，你就可以管理和配置你的Ubuntu服务器图形。享受吧！ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.unixmen.com/install-webmin-ubuntu-14-04/ + +译者：[MikeCoder](https://github.com/MikeCoder) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.webmin.com/ \ No newline at end of file From 6bc06b656999f4714367edc9b226f693e369efe3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Wed, 28 May 2014 15:08:39 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 318/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AUbuntu=20Tou?= =?UTF-8?q?ch=20and=20Android=20Dual=20Boot=20Installation?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @shipsw 翻译的不错！ --- ...ouch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md | 146 +++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 71 insertions(+), 75 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md (60%) diff --git a/translated/tech/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md b/published/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md similarity index 60% rename from translated/tech/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md rename to published/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md index 135faa8214..175b466f58 100644 --- a/translated/tech/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md +++ b/published/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md @@ -1,20 +1,21 @@ -Ubuntu Touch 系统和 Android 系统双系统安装指南 -=================================== +Ubuntu Touch 和 Android 双系统安装官方指南 +====================================== +（译注：本文译自[Ubuntu官方维基][0]） -Ubuntu 双系统安装器是作为预览版本发布给开发者的，可以使得开发者同时在一台手机上安装 Ubuntu 系统和 Android 系统。该软件现阶段或最终的目标用户并非普通用户。开发者应该熟悉 Ubuntu 和 Android 系统的分区布局并且在出现问题的时候有能力手动刷回分区。 +Ubuntu 双系统安装器是作为技术预览版本发布给开发者的，可以使得开发者同时在一台手机上安装 Ubuntu 系统和 Android 系统。该软件现阶段或最终的目标用户并非普通用户。开发者应该熟悉 Ubuntu 和 Android 系统的分区布局并且在出现问题的时候有能力手动刷回分区。 -Ubuntu 双系统安装器是一些工程师在有限时间内做出的一个内部臭鼬项目(译注：管理层不知的研究项目)。由于项目进展良好，所以决定向开发者社区发布预览版以供大家测试、学习或者完善。 +Ubuntu 双系统安装器是一些工程师花了一点时间内做出的一个内部臭鼬项目(译注：管理层不知的研究项目)。由于项目进展良好，所以决定向开发者社区发布预览版以供大家测试、学习或者完善。 双系统启动不是常规 Ubuntu 发布版本中的一部分。 ## 安装后可实现以下功能 -- 一台可以在 Ubuntu 和 Android 系统之间完整切换的手机 -- Android 系统上：一个用来安装 Ubuntu 系统和切换到 Ubuntu 系统的应用 -- Android 系统上：一个超级用户管理器，用来为 Ubuntu 安装器授予权限 -- Ubuntu 系统上：一个用来启动到 Android 系统的 Ubuntu 双系统启动应用 -- 尚不支持 Ubuntu 系统下的更新，但可以通过Android应用程序来进行系统更新 +- 一台可以在全功能的 Android 和 Ubuntu 系统之间切换的手机 +- Android 系统上：一个 Ubuntu Installer 应用，用来安装 Ubuntu 系统和切换到 Ubuntu 系统 +- Android 系统上：一个 SuperUser 超级用户管理器，用来为 Ubuntu 安装器授予权限 +- Ubuntu 系统上：一个 Ubuntu Dual Boot 应用，用来启动到 Android 系统 +- 尚不支持在 Ubuntu 系统下的更新，但可以通过 Android 下的应用程序来进行系统更新 ## 必要条件 @@ -29,13 +30,13 @@ Ubuntu 双系统安装器是一些工程师在有限时间内做出的一个内 ### 步骤 1 - 桌面电脑设置 -为了连接手机和刷机，在电脑桌面上依照以下几步操作。 +为了连接手机并刷机，在电脑桌面上依照以下几步操作。 -**设置触摸开发预览工具 PPA** +**设置Touch开发者预览工具（Touch Developer Preview Tools）的 PPA** -PPA 是一个迷你库，其中包含安装过程中需要的一些额外软件。以下描述如何去启用和使用它。 +这些 PPA 是一个迷你库，其中包含安装过程中需要的一些额外软件。以下描述如何去启用和使用它。 -PPA 的工具和依赖库支持 Ubuntu 发行版，包括 12.04, 12.10, 13.04, 13.10 和 14.04. 将以下的源地址列表加入 `/etc/apt/sources.list` 文件中来添加 Ubuntu 触摸 PPA。 +这些 PPA 的包含工具和依赖库支持各个 Ubuntu 发行版，包括 12.04, 12.10, 13.04, 13.10 和 14.04等。 将以下的源地址列表加入 `/etc/apt/sources.list` 文件中来添加 Ubuntu Touch PPA。 在你的机器上按 `Ctrl+Alt+T` 开启终端窗口，运行以下命令。 @@ -53,35 +54,32 @@ PPA 的工具和依赖库支持 Ubuntu 发行版，包括 12.04, 12.10, 13.04, 1 ### 步骤 1.5 - 备份Android(可选) -- 确认开启开发者模式。触摸 `设置 -> 关于手机 -> 版本号` (七次) -- 确认开启 USB 调试模式。触摸 `设置 -> 开发者选项 -> USB 调试` -- 在你的电脑上执行 +- 确认开启开发者模式。点击 `设置 -> 关于手机 -> 版本号` (点击七次) +- 确认开启 USB 调试模式。点击 `设置 -> 开发者选项 -> USB 调试` +- 在你的电脑上执行（译注：自然这是在Linux下，如Ubuntu里面执行的） $ adb backup -apk -shared -all -这样就将你的操作系统、应用程序和所有的数据备份为 backup.ab 文件了。以后在重新刷回 android 系统的时候可以使用 $ adb restore backup.ab 命令恢复你所有的数据。 +这样就将你的操作系统、应用程序和所有的数据备份为 backup.ab 文件了。以后在重新刷回 android 系统（或root、解锁等）的时候可以使用 `$ adb restore backup.ab` 命令恢复你所有的数据。 ### 步骤 2 - 手机解锁 -如果手机已经解锁，那么跳过步骤3。以下几步将擦除手机上所有的个人数据。 +如果手机已经解锁，那么跳过步骤 3。以下几步将擦除手机上所有的个人数据。 1. 关机，同时按住手机的开机键+音量上+音量下开机。 2. 手机将开机到bootloader界面。 3. 使用 USB 数据线将手机和电脑连接。 -4. 在电脑上按 `Ctrl+Alt+T` 打开一个终端。 键入 sudo fastboot oem unlock 并回车。 +4. 在电脑上按 `Ctrl+Alt+T` 打开一个终端。 键入 `sudo fastboot oem unlock` 并回车。 5. 在手机上，接受解锁条款。 -6. 按开手机开机键开机。(屏幕上箭头标记为 Start) +6. 按开手机开机键开机。(屏幕上 Start 的箭头所向) **恢复手机出厂设置** 如果解锁 bootloader 后不断重启的话... 可以使用以下方法解决： 1. 在重启的过程中，同时按住 电源键+音量上+音量下 使得手机重返 fastboot 模式。 - 2. 在 fastboot 模式下，使用音量键选择到 Recovery 选项后，按下开机键选中。 - -3. 在 Recovery 模式下(Android 机器人 背景是个红色三角) 同时按住音量上键和开机键进入stock recovery 模式。再次强调，不要按住按钮不放，只是同时按他们。保证你按了正确的音量按钮。应该是右边的的按钮是音量上键。 - +3. 在 Recovery 模式下(Android 机器人 背景是个红色三角) 同时按住音量上键和开机键进入stock recovery 模式。再次强调，不要按住按钮不放，只是同时按他们。保证你按了正确的音量按钮。应该是右边的音量按钮的向上键。 4. 一旦进入 Recovery 模式，恢复出厂设置并清空数据，然后重启平板，现在应该可以看到欢迎屏幕了。 ### 步骤 3 - 初始化手机指南 @@ -89,29 +87,27 @@ PPA 的工具和依赖库支持 Ubuntu 发行版，包括 12.04, 12.10, 13.04, 1 按照以下步骤初始化手机 1. 如果没有启动，启动手机进 Android 系统 - 2. 启用手机的 USB 调试模式 - 在冰激凌三明治 (版本 4.0) 上打开 USB 调试(`设置 > 系统 > 开发者选项 > USB 调试`) - - 在果冻豆 (版本 4.1 和 4.2) 上打开 USB 调试，需要进 `设置, 关于 [手机|平板]` 菜单且触摸版本号7次才能进入开发者选项。 - - 在 4.2.2, (`设置 > 关于` > 触摸版本号7次激活开发者选项菜单) - - 在其他版本的 Android 系统中，你通过 `设置 > 开发者选项 > USB 调试`来启用 USB 调试模式。您可能还需要接受手机上的主机密钥。 + - 在果冻豆 (版本 4.1 和 4.2) 上打开 USB 调试，需要进 `设置, 关于 [手机|平板]` 菜单且点击版本号7次才能进入开发者选项。 + - 在 4.2.2, (`设置 > 关于` > 点击版本号7次激活开发者选项菜单) + - 在其他版本的 Android 系统中，你通过 `设置 > 开发者选项 > USB 调试`来启用 USB 调试模式。您也需要接受手机上的主机密钥。 - 在工作站中 -> `adb kill-server; adb start-server` 3. 将手机和电脑通过USB数据线连接起来。 - 根据 Android 版本的不同，会弹出一个主机密匙的框，需要确认才能和电脑通信。 - - 注意，'adb devices' 不应该显示为手机 'offline' 。如果显示手机离线，在超级用户模式下运行adb(`sudo adb kill-server; sudo adb start-server`),然后将手机再次连接。 - - 在某些情况下，手机继续显示为离线，如果USB连接模式为 'MTP' (一些手机或版本的Android)的话，就不会弹出主机密匙提示对话框。取消选中所有的USB连接模式选项(`设置 -> 存储 -> 菜单 -> USB连接 -> MTP, PTP`)也许能解决adb连接问题。 -4. 保存现有手机镜像版本号，Android 系统，恢复系统时使用。可以使用 `设置 > 关于手机 > 版本号码` 查看版本号。 + - 注意，`adb devices` 命令不应该显示为手机 'offline' 。如果显示手机离线，在超级用户模式下运行adb(`sudo adb kill-server; sudo adb start-server`)，然后将手机再次连接。 + - 在某些情况下，手机仍然显示为离线，如果USB连接模式为 'MTP' (一些手机或版本的Android的默认模式)的话，就不会弹出主机密匙提示对话框。取消所有的USB连接模式选项的勾选(`设置 -> 存储 -> 菜单 -> USB连接 -> MTP, PTP`)也许能解决adb连接问题。 +4. 记下现有手机镜像版本号，Android 系统，恢复系统时使用。可以使用 `设置 > 关于手机 > 版本号码` 查看版本号。 最新版的 Nexus 10s 开启开发者模式后并没有完全启动。如果是这种情况的话，启动到 bootloader 后运行 "`fastboot -w`" 然后进入下一步。 - -## 双系统启动安装和更新说明 +## 双系统启动安装和更新说明 双系统新安装和升级在这部分过程实际上是相同的。 ### 在 Android 系统中安装 Ubuntu 安装器 -Ubuntu 注意：如果手机中有一个以前版本的 Ubuntu 双启动，更新前请首先使用 Android 应用程序卸载掉 Ubuntu 系统。推荐保存用户数据，只卸载掉基本的系统。 +注意：如果手机中有一个以前版本的 Ubuntu 双启动，更新前请首先使用 Android 应用程序卸载掉 Ubuntu 系统。推荐保存用户数据，只卸载掉基本的系统。 1. 在电脑上下载双系统安装脚本到你的家目录。http://humpolec.ubuntu.com/latest/dualboot.sh 2. 使用 `Ctrl+Alt+T` 组合键打开电脑终端。 @@ -124,13 +120,13 @@ Ubuntu 注意：如果手机中有一个以前版本的 Ubuntu 双启动，更 - 启用 USB 调试选项 - 已经解锁了 bootloader 5. 使用 USB 数据线连接手机和电脑 -6. 终端运行以下命令安装双系统启动： +6. 在终端里运行以下命令安装双系统启动： ./dualboot.sh -安装完成后，手机会重启数次。一旦完成，系统会启动到 Android 系统，你会发现双启动应用程序 (“Ubuntu Dual Boot”) 已经安装到手机的应用程序部分了。 +安装完成后，手机会重启数次。完成后，系统会启动到 Android 系统，你可以在手机的应用程序里面找到双启动应用程序 (“Ubuntu Dual Boot”) 。 -或者，可以使用安装脚本的替代方法，[可以参考安装手册 >][3]。 +或者，可以使用安装脚本的另一个替代方法，[可以参考安装手册 >][3]。 现在按照以下说明在 Android 下安装 Ubuntu。 @@ -138,23 +134,23 @@ Ubuntu 注意：如果手机中有一个以前版本的 Ubuntu 双启动，更 注意：Ubuntu 安装需要手机上具有2.7GB以上的剩余内存空间。 -1. 也可以在手机和电脑USB连接状态下，终端运行以下命令来释放空间。(接受手机的授权询问) +1. 如果需要，也可以在手机和电脑USB连接状态下，终端运行以下命令来释放空间。(接受手机上的授权询问) adb shell "su sh rm -rf /cache/*" 2. 在手机上，点击 apps 按钮打开 app 列表 3. 查看列表找到 **Ubuntu Dual Boot** 图标并启动它 -4. 应用程序启动后按 **Choose channel to install** 并选择一个频道下载(推荐 **utopic** 频道) +4. 应用程序启动后按 **Choose channel to install** 并选择一个频道下载(推荐 **utopic** 频道)，请确保您勾选了“bootstrap”选项 5. 下载完成后需要授权 SU 权限给应用程序。提示授权的时候，选择 **Grant** 按钮 6. 按 **Reboot to Ubuntu** 按钮重启手机进入Ubuntu -7. 标准手机重启会启动到Android系统中 +7. 标准手机重启过程后会启动到Android系统中 注意： -- Ubuntu 安装器支持所有手机平板刷机工具支持的频道 +- Ubuntu 安装器支持所有手机平板刷机工具（phablet-flash）支持的频道 - 选择了一个 Ubuntu 频道后，**bootstrap** 复选框可以让你选择清空 Ubuntu 的用户数据，如果不选中的话，用户数据将一直保留。第一次安装的话，选不选是没什么区别的 - 选中一个 Ubuntu 频道后，取消 **latest version** 复选框后可以选择一个特定版本号的镜像，否则，默认安装最新的镜像。 -- 如果在安装过程下载镜像过程中，手机锁屏或者 Ubuntu 安装器是后台运行的话，安装按钮会变成 **Resume install** (恢复安装)。点击这个按钮会恢复到超级权限提示前的状态。 +- 如果在安装过程下载镜像过程中，手机锁屏或者 Ubuntu 安装器在后台运行的话，安装按钮会变成 **Resume install** (恢复安装)。点击这个按钮会恢复到超级权限提示前的状态。 ## 其他需要注意的 @@ -162,29 +158,29 @@ Ubuntu 注意：如果手机中有一个以前版本的 Ubuntu 双启动，更 根据双启动的经验： -- 安装新版本的 Ubuntu 需要使用 Android 双启动应用程序 +- 安装新版本的 Ubuntu 需要使用 Android 上的双启动应用程序 - 下载新版本的 Ubuntu 可以在 Android 或者 Ubuntu 下进行 -这实际上意味着可以有两种不同的方式更新 Ubuntu 镜像： +这实际上意味着可以有两种不同的方式更新 Ubuntu 镜像（译注：此处与前文不一致，究竟是否可在Ubuntu下更新，译者没有做过实验，可能已经支持了。）： - **如果在android系统下**，使用双启动应用程序更新 Ubuntu ，需要选择菜单选项中的 "Uninstall Ubuntu" ，然后应用程序会询问你是否保留 Ubuntu 用户数据。如果你想保留数据、通讯录、应用程序、图片、背景设置等，这些数据将会完整保留。另外，每次新版本的 Ubuntu 发布后，将会收到 Android 通知： - - 对于稳定频道，应用程序池每2天更新一次 - - 对于推荐频道，应用程序池每10小时更新一次 + - 对于稳定频道，应用每2天推送一次更新通知 + - 对于推荐频道，应用每10小时推送一次更新通知 - **如果你使用的是 Ubuntu**, 使用系统设置中的标准更新机制下载新版镜像，但是不要选择安装，下载完毕后，重新启动到 Android 系统中，启动双启动应用程序，程序会恢复更新。完成后，你可以再次切换到 Ubuntu系统中。 -在 android 版 Ubuntu 双启动应用程序中，卸载 Ubuntu 后，可以安装新安装的说明去下载新版本的 Ubuntu。 +要升级 Ubuntu 到最新版本，在 android 下的 Ubuntu 双启动应用程序中，卸载 Ubuntu 后，可以按照同样的安装步骤去下载新版本的 Ubuntu。 -### 双系统安装器参考命令 +### 双系统安装器参考命令 大多数情况下，不带参数运行自动模式安装脚本就足够了。 dualboot.sh -- 自动模式：监测超级用户应用程序是否需要安装并更新双系统安装应用程序。 +- 自动模式：监测[超级用户][6]应用程序是否需要安装，并更新双系统安装应用程序。 dualboot.sh full -- 完整模式：安装超级用户和双系统启动 Android 应用程序 +- 完整模式：安装[超级用户][6]和双系统启动 Android 应用程序 dualboot.sh update @@ -192,7 +188,7 @@ dualboot.sh update dualboot.sh channel $CHANNEL -- 边载模式：通过指定的 Ubuntu 频道 ($CHANNEL) 下载最新的镜像到手机。命令启动 android 双系统应用程序并继续使用边载文件进行安装。 +- 边载（Sideload）模式：通过指定的 Ubuntu 频道 ($CHANNEL) 下载最新的镜像到手机。命令启动 android 双系统应用程序并继续使用边载文件进行安装。 dualboot.sh push ubuntu.tar.xz device.tar.xz version.tar.xz @@ -244,25 +240,24 @@ dualboot.sh push ubuntu.tar.xz device.tar.xz version.tar.xz ### 双启动如何工作？ -基于 Android 的手机有一系列不同用途的分区。这些分区是 **/boot**, **/recovery**, **/system** 和 **/data** 。 +基于 Android 的手机有一系列不同用途的分区。这些分区包括 **/boot**, **/recovery**, **/system** 和 **/data** 等。 -- **boot** 分区是 bootloader 正常启动的时候载入的。这个分区的启动镜像是由一个内核和内存盘程序组成的。简而言之，bootloader 解压启动镜像，创建一个内存盘后将镜像考入，最后使用 **初始化进程** 启动内核。 -- **recovery partition** 分区包含有 recovery 镜像，它只是一个不同的启动镜像。它也含有一个内核和内存盘程序，但是初始化可执行程序被换成了内存盘中的 recovery 应用程序。 -- **system partition** 分区含有系统所有的只读文件 (除了内存盘中的)供初始化进程载入。 -- **data partition** 分区是供系统写入用户数据的可读写分区。 +- **boot** 分区是 bootloader 正常启动的时候载入的。这个分区的启动镜像是由一个内核和ramdisk程序组成的。简而言之，bootloader 解压启动镜像，创建一个内存盘后将镜像考入，最后使用 **初始化进程** 启动内核。 +- **recovery** 分区包含有恢复镜像，它只是一个不同的启动镜像。它也含有一个内核和内存盘程序，但是初始化可执行程序被换成了内存盘中的二进制的 recovery 程序。 +- **system** 分区含有所有的只读系统文件 (除了内存盘中的)供初始化进程载入。 +- **data** 分区是供系统写入用户数据的可读写分区。 Ubuntu 以稍微不同的方式使用这些分区 - **boot** 和 **recovery** 分区的作用和 Android 中一样。 -- **system image** 分区含有在 [LXC][8] 中执行的 Android 部分的程序。 -- **data partition** 分区中的 **/data/ubuntu/** 含有Ubuntu系统 - -为了保证用户选择自己的 Android 风格，Android 系统的启动镜像是不允许修改的，因为原始内核必须保存。**所以使用 recovery 分区去启动Ubuntu** +- **system 镜像** 含有在 [LXC][8] 中执行的 Android 部分的程序。 +- **data** 分区下的 **/data/ubuntu/** 目录含有Ubuntu系统 +为了保证用户可以返回 Android 原来的系统，Android 系统的启动镜像是不允许修改的，因为原始内核必须保存。**所以使用 recovery 分区去启动Ubuntu** ### 双启动可以运行在那个版本的 Android 系统下？ -- Stock Android 或 AOSP 4.4.2 或更高版本。 +- 普通 Android 或 AOSP 4.4.2 或更高版本。 - CyanogenMod (基于 Android 4.4.2 或更高版本). ### 双启动可以运行在那些手机上？ @@ -275,11 +270,11 @@ Ubuntu 以稍微不同的方式使用这些分区 ### 双启动支持那些已发布版本的 Ubuntu？ -双启动支持的所有 phablet-flash 支持的系统。 +双启动支持的所有手机平板刷机工具（phablet-flash）支持的系统。 ### Android 和 Ubuntu 如何共享用户数据分区？ -用户数据分区也有 Ubuntu 系统镜像 /data/system.img, 大约有2GB。 +用户数据分区也放在 Ubuntu 系统镜像 /data/system.img, 大约有2GB。 Ubuntu swap 文件在用户数据分区 /data/SWAP.img (大约540MB)。 @@ -292,13 +287,13 @@ Android 数据分区的使用方式不变。 ### 安装双启动后是否无法启动进入 recovery？ -双启动安装后，recovery 分区被 Ubuntu 启动镜像占用。这意味着启动到 recovery 模式下，Ubuntu 就启动了。 +安装双启动后，recovery 分区被 Ubuntu 启动镜像占用。这意味着启动到 recovery 模式下，就启动了Ubuntu 。 -进入 recovery 的功能会在未来发布。但是当卸载掉 Ubuntu 镜像后，Ubuntu 应用程序回恢复原始的 recovery(Android stock 或 CWM)。 +使用 recovery 的功能会在未来发布。不过当卸载掉 Ubuntu 镜像后，Ubuntu Install 应用会恢复原始的 recovery 分区(普通的 Android 或 CWM)。 ### 如果用双启动替换掉 recovery 分区的话，是否还可以更新 Android 系统？ -可以，使用双启动应用程序中的 "准备更新安卓" 选项。这会将原始 Android recovery 分区恢复，为 Android 系统更新做准备。这明显会删除 recovery 分区中安装的 Ubuntu 系统，但是使用双系统应用程序可以在 Android 系统更新后很容易重新安装。 +可以，使用双启动应用程序中的 "准备更新安卓" 选项。这会将原始 Android recovery 分区恢复，为 Android 系统更新做准备。这显然会删除 recovery 分区中安装的 Ubuntu 系统，但是使用双系统应用程序可以在 Android 系统更新后很容易重新安装。 任何情况下，你都可以卸载双启动并恢复原始的 recovery 分区。 @@ -306,13 +301,13 @@ Android 数据分区的使用方式不变。 可以，使用 Android 版本双启动应用程序卸载 Ubuntu 后，原有的 recovery 分区数据会恢复到安装前的状态。 -卸载 Ubuntu 的同时也会删除 Ubuntu 系统镜像和交换文件。当然，Ubuntu 用户数据也会被删除。 +卸载 Ubuntu 的同时也会删除 Ubuntu 系统镜像和交换文件。如果需要，Ubuntu 用户数据也可以被删除。 ### 双启动应用程序安装了一个超级用户应用，我可以使用一个第三方的超级用户应用代替它吗？ -当然可以了！提供的 [超级用户][6] 应用只是为了那些没有安装的用户的。 +当然可以了！提供的 [超级用户][6] 应用只是为了那些没有安装它的用户的。 -然而，需要注意一点：项目测试中只会使用来自 [CyanogenMod][7] 版本或者 dualboot.sh 脚本安装的超级用户应用。但是只要你使用和测试中用的类似的应用的话，一般也不会有问题的。 +然而，需要注意一点：项目测试中只测试使用了来自 [CyanogenMod][7] 版本或者 dualboot.sh 脚本安装的超级用户应用。但是只要你使用和测试中用的类似的应用的话，一般也不会有问题的。 ### 安装 Ubuntu 中，我是否可以删除用户数据后切换频道？ @@ -326,7 +321,7 @@ Android 数据分区的使用方式不变。 最开始设计双启动的时候原则就是不和某个特定版本和类型的 Android 系统捆绑，留给用户自己选择的权利。所以就没有改动 Android 启动镜像和内核。 -最后选择利用 recovery 分区启动 Ubuntu，转而专注在需要的时候在就恢复到其原始状态。 +最后我们选择利用 recovery 分区启动 Ubuntu，并在需要的时候就恢复到其原始状态。 ### 我已经安装了一个 CWM recovery 而且知道如何使用，我可否使用 zip 文件手动刷机？ @@ -334,21 +329,22 @@ Android 数据分区的使用方式不变。 ### 为什么 Ubuntu 安装器需要使用 recovery 安装到 system 分区里？ -Ubuntu 安装器需要安装为 Android 系统应用。 和用户分区的应用不一样，系统应用始终活动在系统分区中，保证可以获取第三方软件可以获取的的最高的权限。 +Ubuntu 安装器需要安装为 Android （预置的）系统应用。 和用户安装在用户分区的应用不一样，系统应用始终活动在系统分区中，保证可以获取第三方软件可以获取的的最高的权限。 -其实 Ubuntu 安装器需要获取的权限只有两个：**缓存分区写入权限** 用来下载 Ubuntu 安装文件 和 **电源管理** 用来重启系统。 +其实 Ubuntu 安装器需要获取的权限只有两个：**缓存分区写入权限**，用来下载 Ubuntu 安装文件；和**电源管理**，用来重启系统。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/DualBootInstallation -译者：[shipsw](https://github.com/shipsw) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[shipsw](https://github.com/shipsw) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 +[0]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/DualBootInstallation [1]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/Devices#Working_with_phablet-flash -[2]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/DualBootInstallation#Installation -[3]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/DualBootInstallation#DualBootInstallerReference +[2]:#Installation +[3]:#DualBootInstallerReference [4]:https://bugs.launchpad.net/humpolec/+filebug [5]:https://code.launchpad.net/humpolec [6]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/SuperUser From 0aa67cdbadc61a06ce3e4c12299977a9806c9e4f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Wed, 28 May 2014 15:33:47 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 319/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140528-2=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...tu 14.04 LTS--Major Application Updates.md | 40 +++++++++++++++++++ ...ace Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md | 24 +++++++++++ 2 files changed, 64 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/20140528 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS--Major Application Updates.md create mode 100644 sources/talk/20140528 Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md diff --git a/sources/talk/20140528 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS--Major Application Updates.md b/sources/talk/20140528 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS--Major Application Updates.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ad6d808805 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20140528 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS--Major Application Updates.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +Ubuntu 14.04 LTS: Major Application Updates +================================================================================ +Over the last few weeks, we have been talking about the first new LTS version from Ubuntu in two years and some of the major changes to the operating system that you can expect to see once you take the plunge. Today, we are going to list some of the major applications available from the Ubuntu Software Center and the upgrades they have undergone since the last update to Ubuntu’s LTS OS. + +### Major Utilities and Tool Updates ### + +In addition to the myriad major desktop application updates (which we will cover in the next section), there are a HUGE number of other utilities and tools that have received pretty major updates since the last LTS version a bit over two years ago. Let’s talk about a few: + +- **Xen 4.4** + This is a pretty major upgrade to Xen which is included with Ubuntu at this point. The most noticeable change to anyone who uses it will likely be that it no longer supports 32bit only CPUs (although 32bit client operating system support is still in place). This shouldn’t be a big deal since any modern processor in the last six or so years is 64bit, but it may mean that some people using Ubuntu on older servers or old laptops may need to be aware that Xen will no longer support their CPU family. +- **QEMU 2.0** I include this here since along with Xen, there are some changes to it. Notably, guests created in KVM cannot be migrated to this version from previous Ubuntu 12.04 LTS installations nor can their snapshots be restored on 14.04 LTS. Additionally, emulated support for the arm64 binaries has been added. +- **MySQL** Although MySQL 5.5 is still the default standard, you can install Percona, MariaDB or MySQL 5.6 from the standard repositories. I have to confess a little surprise that Ubuntu has not jumped the MySQL ship to MariaDB like every other major distribution has already done (or plans to do), but it is still the default. Hedging their bets on a relationship with Oracle is my best guess at this point. +- **Apache 2.4 and PHP 5.5** A little surprised at the jump to Apache 2.4 which continues to struggle a bit for acceptance since 2.2 has been so rock solid for so long, but I am glad to see a major desktop distribution jump on board. PHP has needed an update for some time and has been available in the channels at PHP 5.5 since 12.04 LTS, but now it is the official installed version. NOTE: If you are running some older CMS platforms (cough, cough – DRUPAL), you may have some issues with that upgrade you have to be aware of, so check your documentation. + +### Software Center: Desktop Application Upgrades ### + +In short, there are quite a few major updates and changes to the major desktop applications available in the Software Center (as well there should be considering it has been two years since the last LTS release). The most visible applications you will notice are: + +- Google Chrome 33 +- Firefox 28 +- Nautilus 3.10 +- The Gimp – 2.8 +- KDE 4.13 (For the Best Linux Desktop in My Opinion) + +Although I didn’t mention it above, LibreOffice 4.2.3.3 is now the default office suite and it looks fantastic (see for yourself below): + +![Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Libre Office Upgrade](https://linuxacademy.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/newlibreoffice4233.png) + +Final Thoughts +All in all, the Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Desktop has been a fairly smooth transition from 12.04 (unless you are unlucky enough to run the very latest NVidia video cards – their Linux proprietary drivers have been hit and miss with the 780GTX or Titan chipsets). + +In the next few posts, I will be diving into a few more technical details about some of the monitor/display changes (high resolution monitor owners rejoice) as well as giving an early preview (in a virtual machine because I am not crazy) of Mir – the Xwindows desktop replacement server. If you have anything else you would like covered, drop a note in the comments and we will see you back right here next week! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via:https://linuxacademy.com/blog/linux/ubuntu-14-04-lts-major-application-updates/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/talk/20140528 Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md b/sources/talk/20140528 Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..06a46f4ee8 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20140528 Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3 – not smooth yet but promising +================================================================================ +![](http://www.muktware.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/surface_pro_3.jpg) + +Microsoft has made Surface Pro 3 tablet PC available for pre-order from May 21 and it didn’t take long for Linux enthusiasts to try Ubuntu 14.04 on it. And the results are quite promising! Surface pro 3 flaunts a decent [hardware spec][] and it will definitely be a delight for any Linux user to run Ubuntu on it when all the components are supported. + +The first sensible step is to take a system image backup of the Surface pro 3. The image size will vary depending on what is installed on the device but the process is reasonably fast. A separate drive with Windows 8.1 is also required to restore the image because once Linux is installed, the repair and restore function will be lost. + +To install, connect a bootable pen drive with Ubuntu, press the Volume Down and Power keys till the Surface logo shows up, then release both. Once the USB boots up, you can reach the familiar Ubuntu install screen (with live and install options). The Ubuntu installation procedure remains the same. + +Post installation most of the components work out of the box. WiFi works but detects only 2.4GHz networks. The touchpad on the Type Cover works, but not the keyboard. The virtual keyboard in the accessibility setting can be used for typing but it is still lacking in features on Ubuntu. The best option is to connect a USB keyboard. The pen works as a pointer and pressing it down works as a left-click, but as Bluetooth is not working out of the box the buttons on the pen do not work. There might be some issues with the pressure-sensitivity of Ubuntu’s pen implementation. While it is fast and smooth, the experience without type cover is not optimal. Just like the keyboard, the dock might also not work out of the box. As touch and WiFi work out of the box, KDE‘s Plasma Active would be a better choice compared to Ubuntu on this device. However, the latest stable Kubuntu installation has issues on Surface Pro 3. + +By the time the Surface Pro 3 is available at the outlets most of the issues might get fixed if the device grabs enough attention from developers. Here’s a short [video][2] of Ubuntu running on Surface Pro 3 recorded during the experiment. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.muktware.com/2014/05/ubuntu-surface-pro-3-smooth-yet-promising/27870 + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.microsoft.com/surface/en-us/products/surface-pro-3 +[2]:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRH-c2_kDA4 \ No newline at end of file From b20aec6c82eddd843d2c327b0f33b0db1ae685e8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Rei Date: Wed, 28 May 2014 15:39:38 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 320/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B7=B2=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...hView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md | 84 ++++++++----------- 1 file changed, 36 insertions(+), 48 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md b/translated/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md index 33bed191b7..9d97e9f8fe 100644 --- a/translated/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md +++ b/translated/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md @@ -3,74 +3,81 @@ ![](http://images.huffingtonpost.com/2012-06-27-techscapelogocolumn1.jpg) > 技术视点是技术视角（TechScape）的一个新的组成部分，其特色是与科技界的上层人士进行独家采访和长时间谈话，探讨科技动态。 -> 我们的第一个谈话对象是[李纳斯·托沃兹][1]，Linux的传奇缔造者以及开源改革先驱。托沃兹生于芬兰的赫尔辛基，是诗人奥尔·托沃兹的孙子。尽管他更喜欢告诉人们，他的名字来自于“花生”里角色，但事实是他是以李纳斯·鲍林——两次诺贝尔奖获得者的名字来命名的。他的计算机经历是从康懋达公司的一台Amiga 500计算机上开始的，搬到辛克莱尔后又换到了IBM的386上。刚开始，他使用的是Minix操作系统，后来在该系统上衍生出了他自己的Linux操作系统。托沃兹和他的妻子托芙——六次芬兰全国空手道冠军结婚了，婚后他们定居在加利佛尼亚的圣何塞，育有三个女儿。 -**技术视点（TV）**：在当今科技中，什么令你感兴趣？ +> 我们的第一个谈话对象是[李纳斯·托沃兹][1]，Linux的传奇缔造者以及开源改革先驱。托沃兹生于芬兰的赫尔辛基，是诗人奥尔·托沃兹的孙子。尽管他更喜欢告诉人们，他的名字来自于《花生漫画》中的角色，但事实是他是以李纳斯·鲍林——两次诺贝尔奖获得者的名字来命名的。他的计算机经历是从康懋达公司的一台Amiga 500计算机上开始的，搬到辛克莱尔后又换到了IBM的386上。刚开始，他使用的是Minix操作系统，后来在该系统上衍生出了他自己的Linux操作系统。托沃兹和他的妻子托芙——六次芬兰全国空手道冠军结婚了，婚后他们定居在加利佛尼亚的圣何塞，育有三个女儿。 -**托沃兹**：我差不多是个“鼠目寸光”的家伙，所以相对于那些更空洞的“大潮流”，我对实在的新的零散的技术更感兴趣。 -我喜欢跟踪公司生产的新硬件，它们最新的芯片，而可能最能激励我的是（因为毕竟我是个做软件的）那些提出新的算法并开发新的软件来利用这些新功能的人。 +**技术视点（TV）**：在当今的技术中，有什么令你感兴趣？ -**TV**：那在当今科技中，什么真正让你感到生气？它怎么会让你生气，以及为什么让你生气？ +**托沃兹**：我差不多是个“鼠目寸光”的家伙，所以相对于那些更空洞的“大潮流”，我对技术中实在的新东西更感兴趣。 + +我喜欢关注硬件公司生产的新产品，他们最新的芯片，而其中可能最能激励我的（因为毕竟我是个做软件的）是那些提出新的算法并开发出新的软件来利用这些新功能的人。 + +**TV**：那在当今科技中，什么真正让你感到恼火？它是怎么以及为什么让你生气？ **托沃兹**：我不会用生气这个词，但是如果真要说技术市场中有什么让人反感的，那就是对那些最令人瞩目的“领袖”们的赞美。 这里，当然也包括我。我认为，整个的“个人崇拜”相当令人不安。而且，我很痛恨把我以及我所说的话看得太重。对于乔布斯，埃里森，盖茨，凡是你说得出的人来讲也一样。我希望更多的人能自己思考，并且意识到技术实际上来自遍布全球的那些默默无闻的伟大的工程师中的一员。 -我理解人们想要并且需要一个焦点，而这种事也不仅仅发生在技术世界中（嘿，毫无疑问，我希望这事在技术世界中要发生得比娱乐行业来得少；）但是，这事仍然有点令人沮丧。 +我理解人们想要并且需要一个焦点，而这种事也不仅仅发生在技术世界中（嘿，毫无疑问，我希望这事在技术世界中要发生得比娱乐行业来得少；），但是，这事仍然有点令人沮丧。 -**TV**：你是怎么错过“申请终身许可证的机会”，而其它像Red Hat，SuSE等等却抓住了这个机会？这是因为如果Linux不开源，它就不是Linux了？你能谈谈更多情况吗？你是否在此事上有点自甘堕落了？ +**TV**：你是怎么错过“申请终身许可证”的机会，而其它像Red Hat，SuSE等等却抓住了它？这是因为如果Linux不开源，它起初就不会成为Linux了吗？你能谈谈更多情况吗？你是否曾在此事上感到过后悔？ -**托沃兹**：我当然不会因为任何事情自甘堕落。我有着令人羡慕的地位，我能干我喜欢的事情。而且，人们因此而尊重我。况且，我想要做的（而我已经做了）无偿工作也获得了酬劳。 -我想，很少有人会感觉到他们实际上已经有所不同，那么让我来告诉你吧，这种感觉真不错。对于商业方面，我从来都不感兴趣。而且，对我来说，那些可以采用Linux并把它商用的人和公司只是做了我从没有动力做的事情。而这项工作需要人做，也很有益。因此，事实上我很感谢那些商业实体：它们让我集中精力干我想干的那部分事情。 +**托沃兹**：我当然不会因为任何事情后悔。我现在身在一个令人羡慕的位置上，我能干我喜欢的事情。而且，人们因此而尊重我。况且，我想要做的（而我已经做了）无偿工作也获得了酬劳。 +我想，很少有人会喜欢自己变得不同于众，那么让我来告诉你吧，这种感觉真不错。对于商业方面，我从来都不感兴趣。而且，对我来说，那些可以采用Linux并把它商用的人和公司只是做了我从没有动力做的事情。而这项工作需要人做，也很有益。因此，事实上我很感谢那些商业实体：它们让我能集中精力干我想干的那部分事情。 **TV**：在当今的科技界，哪位是你尊敬的人？为什么？ **托沃兹**：嗨！看看我对于整个“个人崇拜”的控诉吧。我只是并不对那种“让我们找个人并把他置于令人尊敬的地位上”的事情印象深刻。 -所以，与其个人扬名，我更高兴去做像EFF这样的事情，这些组织（有时候只是观念和想法）不是要试着去穷其一生提升他们自己，而是试着去做一些实质性的事情来给予帮助，让技术工作在一个更大的蓝图中变得更好。 +所以，比起列出一些著名的人，我更乐意给出一些像是EFF这样的组织，这些组织（以及有时候只是观念和想法）不是要试着去穷其一生提升他们自己，而是试着去做一些实质性的事情来给予帮助，让技术工作在一个更大的蓝图中变得更好。 -在个人层面上，我更喜欢那些不把他们太当一回事而又在他们的本质工作上干得很好的人。如果一定要我说一些知名人士，我想我更愿意成为斯蒂芬·沃兹尼克那样的人，而这也是我尊敬他的原因。 +在个人层面上，我更喜欢那些不把他们自己太当一回事而又在他们的本职工作上干得很好的人。如果一定要我说一些知名人士，我想我更愿意成为斯蒂芬·沃兹尼克那样的人，我想这也是我尊敬他的原因。 **TV**：照你估计，当谷歌和微软都实现了各自的诺言，他们之间会发生什么？胜者又为什么会胜出？ **托沃兹**：我不认为获胜的结果会和获胜的过程一样有趣。 -在整个谷歌和微软的竞争中，我真的不认为公司本身比改变技术环境来转移人们的视线更有趣。焦点从一个控制发生在单台机器上的公司转移到了更多关注整合大量独立机器的公司。 -**TV**：为什么你会认为像科技灾难，互联网泡沫崩溃以及电信业崩盘这样的事会发生？我们在今后怎样来防止它们再发生？ +在整个谷歌和微软的竞争中，我真的不认为公司本身比起吸引了人们视线的技术环境中的变革更为有趣。这视线的焦点，从控制着单台机器上发生的事情的的公司，转移到了更多地关注着大量独立机器的整合的公司上。 + +**TV**：你会认为像科技灾难，互联网泡沫崩溃以及电信业崩盘这样的事为什么会发生？我们在今后怎样来防止它们再发生？ **托沃兹**：实际上，我对此类事情持相反的看法，并且没有理由去“阻止它们反复”。 -我是坚信超越极限，但是我不太相信会完全稳定，而且百分百“正常”。 +我坚信着能够超越极限，但是我不太相信能够达到会完全稳定、并且百分百“正常”的状态。 -大量真正的进展在井喷似的发生，而后来成了被称为“夸大宣传”以及其它不讨好的事情的一部分。但事情是，做了一些太难理解而且无聊的事情，而没有做些蠢事，这实在是事与愿违。 -我个人认为，稳定开发模型不是持续的增量改进，而是一连串的反应过度和崩溃。 -渐进增量改进常常可能看起来是更好的策略，但是如果你不是偶然地反应过度和崩溃，你又怎么知道你实际上是在超越极限呢？ +大量真正的进展在井喷似的发生，而后来成了被称为“夸大宣传”以及其它不讨好的事情的一部分。但在这件事上，太过努力去尝试变得稳定、无聊、不做蠢事，实在是与创造性的初衷相悖了。 -**TV**：技术在将来会怎样改变我们的生活？你会和其它部门的领袖们一起创建新技术吗，比如生物信息学？ +我个人认为，稳定开发模型不是持续的增量改进的方案之一，而是一连串的超载和崩溃。 + +渐进增量改进常常可能看起来是更好的策略，但是如果你没有偶然地经历过超载和崩溃，你又怎么知道你确实是在超越极限呢？ + +**TV**：技术在将来会怎样改变我们的生活？你会和其它领域的领军者们一起创建新技术吗，比如生物信息学？ **托沃兹**：我个人的理论是，技术对我们的生活的改变没有我们构建技术来适应我们的生活来得多。 -这就是为什么你看不到飞行汽车等喜爱的装订本科幻小说中的的东西——但是相反，你却看到了利用技术来降低交易成本这类此前就存在的事情，但此前不能大规模应用或者量身定制（除了有时候是为了那些富得冒油的做）。 +这就是为什么你看不到飞行汽车等科幻小说中受欢迎的东西——但是相反，你却看到了利用技术来降低交易成本等，这类此前就存在、但不能大规模应用或者量身定制的事情（除了有时候为那些富得冒油的人做）。 -因此，技术很少直接改变我们的生活本身——虽然它往往意味着更多的人能获得那些以前是罕见的或只限于暴富者的东西。 -真正的改变发生在当某些事物变得如此廉价并且遍地都是让你行为变得大不相同的时候。而在不同方面，这些行为上的改变要比技术本身来得更有趣。 +因此，技术很少直接改变我们的生活本身——虽然它往往意味着更多的人能获得那些以前罕见的或只限于土豪们的东西。 -例如，互联网做真正做的一件事是让你寻找并与志趣相投的人交流的成本更低。而且，我认为大量的真正的改变正是从人们无需付出太多努力就能找到其他和你对同一事物有相同兴趣的人的时候，他们的习惯因此而改变中得以体现。 -因此，你发现了所有的这些专业兴趣小组，以及许多人正在花大量时间讨论最神秘的问题，这些问题他们刚刚发现很有趣——这些事，你在之前不一定能实际去做的，因为那时真的很难找到和你在某些不同寻常的专业上志趣相投人并进行讨论。 +真正的改变发生在当某些事物变得如此廉价并且遍地都是让你的行为变得大不相同的时候。而在不同方面，这些行为上的改变要比技术本身来得更有趣。 -而我认为那是生活真正改变的方式——而不是因为任何新技术的出色的特性，而是因为完全是技术降低增量成本后的无意的副作用。 +例如，互联网做真正做成了的一件事，是让你寻找并与志趣相投的人交流的成本降得更低。而且，我认为大量的真正的改变正是从人们无需付出太多努力就能找到其他和你对同一事物有相同兴趣的人的时候，他们的习惯因此而改变中得以体现。 + +因此，你发现了所有的这些专业兴趣小组，以及许多人正在花大量时间讨论最神秘的问题，他们刚刚发现这些问题很有趣——这些事，你在之前不一定能实际去做，因为那时真的很难找到和你在某些不同寻常的专业上志趣相投人并进行讨论。 + +而我认为那是生活真正改变的方式——不是因为任何新技术的出色的特性，而是因为完全是技术降低增量成本后的无意的副作用。 **TV**：据你估计，当今科技界谁是举足轻重的人物？ -**托沃兹**：我想大量的技术怎么会是由消费市场推动，而不再是由军方或甚至是商业需求推动这一点很说明问题。我也常常认为公司正在做的许多貌似愚蠢的事情（特别是DRM）似乎正忽略了一个事实：任何技术上最重要的人，他也最终总是个“用户”。 +**托沃兹**：我想大量的技术是如何由消费市场推动，而不再是由军方或甚至是商业需求推动这一点很说明问题。我也常常认为公司正在做的许多貌似愚蠢的事情（特别是DRM）似乎正因为忽略了一个事实：任何技术上最重要的人，最终总是个“用户”。 因此，就我而言，我认为你的问题的答案是“用户”，或者叫“消费者”，而那个确实是最重要的部分，因为那个正是需求和实际商业成功的根源。 -**TV**：请谈一些你个人的观点,比如宗教？政治？ +**TV**：请谈一些你个人的观点吧，比如宗教？政治？ -**托沃兹**：我完全是一个宗教——无神论者。我发现人们似乎认为宗教带给人道德和感激自然的情感。事实上我认为，它反而把这两方面都削弱了。它给人们理由来说“哦，自然刚被创立”，以及创世行为是神奇的事情。我欣赏此事实“哇，真让人难以置信，竟然首先发生了这样的事情。”是啊，这是种讽刺。在许多欧洲国家，事实上国家和国家宗教之间具有法律约束力。 +**托沃兹**：我完全是一个虔诚的——无神论者。我发现人们似乎认为宗教带给人道德和感激自然的情感。事实上我认为，它反而把这两方面都削弱了。它给人们理由来说“哦，自然刚被创立”，以及创世行为是神奇的事情。我欣赏着“哇，真让人难以置信，竟然首先发生了这样的事情。”这些事实。是啊，这在许多欧洲国家是一种讽刺，在那儿国家和国家宗教之间实际上具有法律约束力。 -我成了一位美国公民，并且我注册取得了在美国的投票权。我不支持任何政党，因为相当坦率地说，我有太多个人引以为豪的东西，不想和他们中的任何人有什么关联。 +我成了一位美国公民，并且我注册取得了在美国的投票权。我不支持任何政党，因为相当坦率地说，我的前进道路上有太多个人引以为豪的东西，不想和他们中的任何人有什么关联。 **TV**：谢谢，李纳斯！ @@ -82,23 +89,4 @@ via: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/billrobinson/techview-linus-torvalds-i_b_5338 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 -[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds -[2]: -[3]: -[4]: -[5]: -[6]: -[7]: -[8]: -[9]: -[10]: -[11]: -[12]: -[13]: -[14]: -[15]: -[16]: -[17]: -[18]: -[19]: -[20]: \ No newline at end of file +[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds \ No newline at end of file From 6b152615de3dcaace82707c79d5704a8f65f0e50 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Wed, 28 May 2014 15:58:32 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 321/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140528-3=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...Why We Shouldn't Accept Bad Linux Ports.md | 32 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 32 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/20140528 Why We Shouldn't Accept Bad Linux Ports.md diff --git a/sources/talk/20140528 Why We Shouldn't Accept Bad Linux Ports.md b/sources/talk/20140528 Why We Shouldn't Accept Bad Linux Ports.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6befa3f0df --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20140528 Why We Shouldn't Accept Bad Linux Ports.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +Why We Shouldn't Accept Bad Linux Ports +================================================================================ +Thanks to the recent fiasco of The Witcher 2 I wanted to write down some thoughts on why we shouldn't accept bad quality ports from developers. + +Only in recent years have we had so many damned games in our Linux libraries that you now see comments from Linux gamers like "I've got too many games already!" which I imagine now sounds familiar to a lot of you. We have never before seen so much attention from developers thanks to Valve & Steam. + +Also thanks to the push from developers we are seeing ports come along that are quite frankly lazy or just downright buggy to the point of being unplayable for a majority of people. + +The problem is if we keep accepting ports at a sub-par quality then Linux will gain a reputation for having low quality games. Think about that big picture for a moment, seriously. + +Imagine if you will that AAA developers started pushing out more games for Linux using technology like this "eON" that was used to port The Witcher 2. Let's say we have a lot of them and it suddenly looks like Linux has a lot of big-name games. You then have plenty of people trying out Linux, and seeing that their games run with terrible performance on the exact same hardware giving them the impression that Linux itself is bad for gaming. That's not good for anyone. + +I've seen many people say "the toolkit used to port doesn't matter?". That in my eyes is a very naive statement to make. Of course it matters, it can mean the difference of light and day in the quality of a game on Linux. Which directly goes back to my point above about the perception of Linux gaming. +You can still say the toolkit doesn't matter and use whatever comparison/analogy you fancy, but if the toolkit is the root cause of the issue, like it will be 99% of the time when we are talking about computer software then yes, it does of course matter. + +I've seen comments now from other major websites stating we should just accept them and be thankful we have them at all. That is an idiotic statement from people who don't look at the bigger picture. + +![](http://www.gamingonlinux.com/uploads/articles/article_images/1401025331gol2.jpg) + +Think about the developers and publishers who will see it as acceptable to push terrible Linux ports out the door and call it a day with only profits in mind. The consumer perception of Linux gaming would worsen yet again with even more bad quality ports. + +I am all for ports from developers, of course I am I run this site after-all. I as a customer however do not want to pay for games that would work on Windows, but run like a snail on Linux, why should I? Why should you? + +Final added point: You should never attack a developer when they reach out to the community having issues, that's not acceptable. Feedback is fine, but name calling is childish and makes Linux again look bad. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.gamingonlinux.com/articles/why-we-shouldnt-accept-bad-linux-ports.3765 + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file From ebf967c0afa164b8103afa56080c78e66b69fe56 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: GOLinux Date: Wed, 28 May 2014 15:59:03 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 322/601] Translated:20140507 Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md --- ...sers Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md | 38 ------------------- ...sers Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md | 37 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 38 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20140527 Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20140507 Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20140527 Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md b/sources/tech/20140527 Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md deleted file mode 100644 index 16746f27f5..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20140527 Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,38 +0,0 @@ -Translating by GOLinux ... -Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA -================================================================================ -![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-Users-Will-No-Longer-Have-a-Cinnamon-PPA-443933-2.jpg) - -**Many Ubuntu users have been employing a third-party repository to test Cinnamon without installing Linux Mint to do it, but it seems that that will no longer be possible in the future.** - -If you have an Ubuntu operating system, you are now able to test the Cinnamon desktop environment just by adding a PPA and installing the appropriate packages. This is as close as you can get to Linux Mint without actually installing another OS. - -Unfortunately, this functionality is about to disappear, but not because the main maintainer doesn't want to continue offering it. Apparently, the Ubuntu repositories will no longer keep older versions of GNOME packages, which Cinnamon requires, making it difficult, if not impossible, to install it through this method. - -“The stable PPA is indeed no longer being maintained. The nightly PPA is being kept for development purposes and should not be used on any sort of production machine (it can and will break at any time).” - -“To be honest, I don't have an alternative to offer Ubuntu users at the moment, apart from switching to a distribution that does support Cinnamon. There are many such distributions out there, and I'm only hoping for someone to (finally) step up on Ubuntu's side to provide proper packages to its users,” [said][1] Gwendal Le Bihan, the maintainer of the Cinnamon packages. - -This means that, for now, only an unstable PPA will be available, but it's only for testing. Users shouldn't employ it on their production machines, and soon the only way to see what Cinnamon looks like will be by installing Linux Mint (or Arch for that matter) or compile it for yourself. - -If you still want to install Cinnamon, the unstable PPA is available for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Trusty Tahr). All you have to do is to enter a few commands in a terminal (you will need to be root in order for it to work): - - sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gwendal-lebihan-dev/cinnamon-nightly - sudo apt-get update - sudo apt-get install cinnamon - -After the installation has been completed, all you have to do is to log out of the system and choose Cinnamon from the greeter. - -The Cinnamon desktop environment was developed as a GNOME shell fork with the aim to provide a simple and conservative alternative to everything that is offered right now. Many users are not happy with the direction taken by GNOME, Unity, and KDE and are looking for desktops that haven't strayed too much from the norm. - -It's possible that someone else will set up another PPA with all the required packages to make Cinnamon work with the upcoming Ubuntu 14.10, but that is unlikely. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-Users-Will-No-Longer-Have-a-Cinnamon-PPA-443933.shtml - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://askubuntu.com/questions/94201/how-do-i-install-the-cinnamon-desktop diff --git a/translated/tech/20140507 Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md b/translated/tech/20140507 Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b100442535 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20140507 Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +Ubuntu用户将不再有Cinnamon的PPA了 +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-Users-Will-No-Longer-Have-a-Cinnamon-PPA-443933-2.jpg) + +**许多Ubuntu用户过去一直在使用第三方仓库体验Cinnamon而不用安装Linux Mint，然而似乎在不久的将来，不会再有Cinnamon的第三方仓库了**。 + +如果你在用Ubuntu系统，目前你能够通过添加一个PPA源并安装相应的软件包就可以体验到Cinnamon桌面环境。这让你可以获得像Linux Mint一样的体验，而不用真的去安装它。 + +不幸的是，该功能即将消失，但不是因为主要维护者不想再继续提供该软件。很显然，Ubuntu仓库将不再保留旧版本的GNOME软件包，而Cinnamon却需要这些包，这让Cinnamon要想通过PPA方式安装，即使可能，也困难重重。 + +“稳定的PPA源确实不再维护了，而每晚更新的PPA源也只为开发而保留，不应该用于任何种类的生产机器上（它可能会在任何时候中断）。” + +“坦率地说，除了切换到其它支持Cinnamon的版本外，目前我没有其它替代品可以提供给Ubuntu用户。外面有很多这样的版本，我只是希望有人（最终）站到Ubuntu这边来为它的用户提供合适的包。”Gwendal Le Bihan——Cinnamon包的维护者[说][1]。 + +这意味着，从今往后，只有不稳定的PPA源可用了，但也只是用于测试，用户不应该将该源部署到生产机器上。而不久之后，你要想见见Cinnamon的样子，就只好去安装Linux Mint（或者Arch也行），或者你自己动手编译吧。 + +如果你仍然想要安装Cinnamon，Ubuntu 14.04 LTS（Trusty Tahr）可以使用不稳定的PPA源。你所要做是在终端下输入一些命令（你需要root身份来做此事）： + + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gwendal-lebihan-dev/cinnamon-nightly + sudo apt-get update + sudo apt-get install cinnamon + +安装完成后，你所要做的仅仅是注销系统并从欢迎屏幕选择Cinnamon桌面。 + +Cinnamon桌面环境是作为GNOME shell的分支开发的，目的在于提供一个简洁而保守的替代品用于替代当前提供的一切。许多用户不满意GNOME、Unity以及KDE的取向而正在寻找那些没有便宜常规太多的桌面。 + +有可能有别人会构建另外一个提供了所有所需软件包的PPA源，让Cinnamon能在即将发布的Ubuntu 14.10中正常工作，但可能性似乎不大。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-Users-Will-No-Longer-Have-a-Cinnamon-PPA-443933.shtml + +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://askubuntu.com/questions/94201/how-do-i-install-the-cinnamon-desktop \ No newline at end of file From 6398c3b166d2254d08eaa766a713f379b7c21add Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Wed, 28 May 2014 21:13:38 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 323/601] =?UTF-8?q?[=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90]2?= =?UTF-8?q?0140527=20Apache=20Tomcat=207.0.54=20Now=20Available=20for=20Do?= =?UTF-8?q?wnload.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 第11行 “回归”的翻译有疑问。 --- ...omcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md | 37 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 37 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/news/20140527 Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md diff --git a/translated/news/20140527 Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md b/translated/news/20140527 Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9c0416ffcc --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/20140527 Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +Apache Tomcat 7.0.54现已可供下载 +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Apache-Tomcat-7-0-54-Now-Available-for-Download-443862-2.jpg) + +**Apache Tomcat 7.0.54，一个在Java社区进程之下开发的Java Servlet和JavaServer Pages技术的开源软件实现，现已可供下载。** + +自上一个Apache Tomcat版本的发布已经有段时日了， 但这仅仅意味着开发者们有更多的时间来对软件作出修补和更改。这是一个源码软件包，所以常规用户并不一定真的需要它。 + +通过更新日志得知，定制的UTF-8解码器已经被修复，在AprLifecycleListener的FIPS模式中加入了更多的管理选项，如果一个应用从已销毁的会话中调用session.invalidate()而导致的无限循环已经可被避免，在添加一个Mbean通知监听器时，移除一个Mbean监听器现在将还原所有执行的操作，以及关于完成部署和其执行时间的信息已被添加到日志文件之中。 + +另外，一些理论上可能会发生内存泄漏的位置上已经做了修补，当使用JAASMemoryLoginModule时的用户认证已被修复，在反斜杠处理时的回归已得到纠正。 + +在来源归档的官方更新日志中可以找到一份完整的变更，修复以及新特性的列表。 + +### 下载 Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 (violetagg): ### + +- [tar.gz (6.0.39 Stable)][1][binary] [6.70 MB] +- [tar.gz (6.0.39 Stable)][2][sources] [3.40 MB] +- [tar.gz (7.0.52 Development)][3][binary] [8 MB] +- [tar.gz (7.0.52 Development)][4][sources] [4.40 MB] +- [zip (8.0.3 Beta Development)][5][binary] [8.10 MB] +- [tar.gz (8.0.3 Beta Development)][6][sources] [4.40 MB] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Apache-Tomcat-7-0-54-Now-Available-for-Download-443862.shtml + +译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://mirrors.hostingromania.ro/apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-6/v6.0.39/bin/apache-tomcat-6.0.39.tar.gz +[2]:http://mirrors.hostingromania.ro/apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-6/v6.0.39/src/apache-tomcat-6.0.39-src.tar.gz +[3]:http://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-7/v7.0.52/bin/apache-tomcat-7.0.52.tar.gz +[4]:http://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-7/v7.0.52/src/apache-tomcat-7.0.52-src.tar.gz +[5]:http://mirrors.hostingromania.ro/apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.0.3/bin/apache-tomcat-8.0.3.tar.gz +[6]:http://mirrors.hostingromania.ro/apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.0.3/src/apache-tomcat-8.0.3-src.tar.gz From ae8104f0cdb7aaa1837af4844edada10dd40a3ff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Wed, 28 May 2014 21:14:22 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 324/601] =?UTF-8?q?[=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90?= =?UTF-8?q?=E5=88=A0=E9=99=A4]20140527=20Apache=20Tomcat=207.0.....Downloa?= =?UTF-8?q?d.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...omcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md | 39 ------------------- 1 file changed, 39 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/20140527 Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md diff --git a/sources/news/20140527 Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md b/sources/news/20140527 Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md deleted file mode 100644 index c7e2643879..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20140527 Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,39 +0,0 @@ -alim0x translating - -Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download -================================================================================ -![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Apache-Tomcat-7-0-54-Now-Available-for-Download-443862-2.jpg) - -**Apache Tomcat 7.0.54, an open source software implementation of the Java Servlet and JavaServer Pages technologies, developed under the Java Community Process, is now available for download.** - -It's been a while since the latest Apache Tomcat release, but this only means that the devs had more time to get more fixes and changes into the software. This is a source package, so regular users don't really need it. - -According to the changelog, the custom UTF-8 decoder has been fixed, more options have been added for managing the FIPS mode in the AprLifecycleListener, an infinite loop has been avoided if an application calls session.invalidate() from the destroyed session, removing an MBean notification listener now reverts all the operations performed when adding an MBean notification listener, and information about finished deployment and its execution time has been added to the log files. - -Also, a few additional locations where, theoretically, a memory leak could occur have been patched, the authentication of users when using the JAASMemoryLoginModule has been fixed, and a regression in the handling of back-slash has been corrected. - -A complete list of changes, fixes, and new features can be found in the official changelog, inside the source archive. - -### Download Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 (violetagg): ### - -- [tar.gz (6.0.39 Stable)][1][binary] [6.70 MB] -- [tar.gz (6.0.39 Stable)][2][sources] [3.40 MB] -- [tar.gz (7.0.52 Development)][3][binary] [8 MB] -- [tar.gz (7.0.52 Development)][4][sources] [4.40 MB] -- [zip (8.0.3 Beta Development)][5][binary] [8.10 MB] -- [tar.gz (8.0.3 Beta Development)][6][sources] [4.40 MB] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Apache-Tomcat-7-0-54-Now-Available-for-Download-443862.shtml - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://mirrors.hostingromania.ro/apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-6/v6.0.39/bin/apache-tomcat-6.0.39.tar.gz -[2]:http://mirrors.hostingromania.ro/apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-6/v6.0.39/src/apache-tomcat-6.0.39-src.tar.gz -[3]:http://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-7/v7.0.52/bin/apache-tomcat-7.0.52.tar.gz -[4]:http://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-7/v7.0.52/src/apache-tomcat-7.0.52-src.tar.gz -[5]:http://mirrors.hostingromania.ro/apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.0.3/bin/apache-tomcat-8.0.3.tar.gz -[6]:http://mirrors.hostingromania.ro/apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.0.3/src/apache-tomcat-8.0.3-src.tar.gz From c1f927317cf9967a5f3e7cbb90ea536aeb787f74 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Wed, 28 May 2014 22:51:43 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 325/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9ABuilding=20A?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Raspberry=20Pi=20VPN=20Part=20One--How=20And=20Why=20To=20Bu?= =?UTF-8?q?ild=20A=20Server?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @ThomazL 翻译的不错！好长啊，我校对都累死了，辛苦了。 --- ...Part One--How And Why To Build A Server.md | 324 ++++++++++++++++++ ...Part One--How And Why To Build A Server.md | 324 ------------------ 2 files changed, 324 insertions(+), 324 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/Building A Raspberry Pi VPN Part One--How And Why To Build A Server.md delete mode 100644 translated/tech/Building A Raspberry Pi VPN Part One--How And Why To Build A Server.md diff --git a/published/Building A Raspberry Pi VPN Part One--How And Why To Build A Server.md b/published/Building A Raspberry Pi VPN Part One--How And Why To Build A Server.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5921476309 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/Building A Raspberry Pi VPN Part One--How And Why To Build A Server.md @@ -0,0 +1,324 @@ +在树莓派上建立VPN（一）：如何以及为何建立一个VPN服务器？ +================================================================================ +![](http://readwrite.com/files/styles/1400_0/public/fields/Rasberry-Pi_2_red.jpg) + +> 不要相信任何人，自己建立一个VPN服务器来加密Web数据从而躲过他人的窥视 + +虽然免费、未加密的无线AP遍地都是，但是你不应该连接这些AP来登陆你的网银账户，除非你对他人的窥视毫不在意。那么对此的解决方案是什么呢？一个[虚拟专用网][1]，也就是VPN(virtual private network)。 + +一个VPN可以使你的私有网络拓展至公共场所，因此即使你连接着星巴克的 Wi-Fi，你的网络浏览仍然保持着安全的加密。 + +有很多方法来建立VPN，包括[免费以及付费的服务][2]，但是每个解决方案都有其的优点以及缺点，这取决于VPN服务商运作的方式和服务商提供的VPN选项。 + +最简单及最方便的保证数据安全的方法就是完全抛弃公共Wi-Fi。但是这个解决方案对于我来说有点极端了，一部分原因是在家里建立一个VPN服务器相对容易以及划算，你只需要一个便宜的($35)小型的树莓派。 + +我的树莓派与智能手机差不多大小，并且它拥有一个VPN服务器所有应有的功能。这意味着不管我在哪里，我可以通过安全的网络来连接在家里的电脑和家里的内网来访问共享的文件以及媒体。这个服务器在我最近去波士顿的旅途中使生活变得十分美好，在旅途中我仍然可以观看储存在家里台式机上的视频。 + +在这部分文章中，说实话我希望直接带给你们一个设置树莓派VPN的教程。问题是这个优秀教程并不存在，至少目前没有一个适合大部分电脑用户的优秀教程。虽然有无数关于如何搭建树莓派VPN的教程，但极少的教程会解释这么做的目的。 + +我阅读了不少教程，并把好的部分整合入了这半篇教程中，来教授读者如何搭建树莓派VPN服务器。这个教程甚至连我都能理解，并完成如何搭建和为何搭建的学习。最重要的是，我认为Eric Jodoin的VPN教程更适合那些专家，但它使我的大脑直接宕机了... + +那么跟随我钻进加密法的兔子洞并且开始学习吧，无论你有多么多疑，提出了创造VPNs的那个人更正是如此。 + +### 材料 ### + +#### 硬件 #### + +![](http://readwrite.com/files/Raspberry_Pi_Model_B_Rev._2.jpg) + +**Raspberry Pi Model B**：以及使其工作所需要的所有硬件－一个常规电源供电器和一个放置的小盒子。小盒子可以避免树莓派硬件意外短路而损坏－这个盒子甚至可以是一个自己折叠的纸板箱。 + +**SD card**：我建议8GB及以上的容量，只是来保证你有必要的储存空间。像所有树莓派项目一样，SD卡上应该要预装上NOOBS。 + +**五类网线**：这根网线将连接树莓派的以太网接口和你的路由器的以太网接口。 + +#### 软件 #### + +[Open VPN][3]：这是一个开源VPN服务软件，我们今天就要安装它。 + +### 开始项目之前的准备 ### + +1) 你需要[准备好NOOBS][4]并且安装完[Raspbian][5]。我在＂鱼缸管理＂项目中对此做过一个[一步步][6]的教程。因此你也可以在那里查看。 + +2) 你需要为树莓派设置一个在你家内网中的静态IP地址。这一步骤取决于你路由器的型号，因此你可能需要阅读你的路由器的说明书来完成这一步。如果你还没有完成这一步，你可以参照ReadWrite的[教程][7]。 + +3) 你需要启用SSH。我们需要通过[SSH][8]与树莓派进行连接，这是一个使我们能够从另一台电脑连接树莓派的工具。通过这种方法，我们在这个项目中不需要再为树莓派单独设置一个显示屏以及无线键盘。再提一下，看看ReadWrite的[教程][9]。 + +4) 你需要将路由器的1194端口映射至树莓派的内网IP地址[采用UDP协议][10]，完成这一步的方法也决定于你路由器的型号，所以阅读路由器说明书吧。如果你想用另一个端口或TCP协议，没问题，只要将此教程中提及"UDP"的地方换为"TCP"，1194端口改为你需要的端口就行了。想必你也猜到了，ReadWrite为此也写了一篇[教程][11]。 + +你可以从上文看出，我们现在在建立一些树莓派的基础概念，这也是为什么在树莓派上搭建VPN对初学者的第一个项目来说并不是适合。 + +### 简单的一些警告 ### + +我曾经喜欢直接拷贝网上教程中的代码，但是当我自己测试这篇教程时，我发现直接的复制粘贴代码会导致一些错误，原因是复制粘贴中出现的空行以及格式变化。如果你发现在此篇教程在实际操作时出现了一些问题，我的建议是先手动输入代码试试! + +### First Steps ### + +1) 启动并修改树莓派的密码。如果你还在使用树莓派的默认用户名(pi)和密码(respberry)，那么接下来的安全教程就完全没有什么意义了。 + +打开一个terminal/PuTTY 窗口输入： + + sudo passwd + +将用户名以及密码修改地既好记并难猜([微软对此有一些建议][12])，不然的话为什么要自找麻烦搭建一个私人网络呢？ + +2) 为了树莓派的安全来进行软件包的升级。输入如下两条命令： + + sudo apt-get update + sudo apt-get upgrade + +这应该不会花太多时间，而且为我们排除了之后可能会产生的问题。 + +3) 接下来我们需要这个开源软件(OpenVPN)了。输入： + + sudo apt-get install openvpn + +![](http://readwrite.com/files/Screen%20Shot%202014-04-09%20at%2010.22.19%20AM.png) + +树莓派会询问确认，因为这用掉一点点储存空间。但是由于我们已经准备了一张8GB及以上的SD卡，我们对此完全没问题。 + +### 生成密钥 ### + +4) 你当然不想让任何发现你的VPN的人就可以连接，因此我们会为这个安全的地址准备一个来验证身份的密钥。这就像为你的家门准备一把锁一样。 + +OpenVPN自带了Easy_RSA，一个轻量并容易的使用RSA加密方法的包。发明于1977年，RSA是第一个沿用至今仍旧可用的加密系统。加密的密钥是公开的，解密的密钥是保密的。如果你听说过比特币的工作原理，这些对你来说应该十分熟悉。 + +通过使用Easy_RSA，你可以使用软件带有的算法来生成一个独一无二的密钥。 + +首先获得树莓派的系统权限，就是将命令提示符中的"pi@raspberrypi"转换成"root@raspberrypi"。 + + sudo -s + +这句命令在现有的终端中再次创建了一个拥有root权限的终端实例。我们需要获得root权限的原因是，如果我们没有root权限，树莓派将不会允许我们创建密钥。 + +接下来，输入： + + cp -r /usr/share/doc/openvpn/examples/easy-rsa/2.0 /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa + +在这句命令中，"cp"代表＂复制＂，"r"代表递归。这说明我们让电脑执行：复制这个目录以及此目录下的所有文件结构及文件。 + +在**/2.0**和**/etc**中间的空格表示我们将第一个目录地址的文件（一个实例文件）拷贝至第二个目录地址，就是你让OpenVPN寻找密钥的地址。 + + cd /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa + +5) 接下来，我们需要"cd"，改变所在目录(change directory)，来放置我们生成的Easy_RSA文件。一旦完成这步，我们需要打开文件**/etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/vars**来编辑。我们可以使用nano: **nano /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/vars**，由于我们已经在此目录下了，我们可以使用简写： + + nano vars + +Nano是Raspbian中内置的文件编辑工具，当然也有其他工具提供给屌丝们，不过我们将在此教程中只使用nano。 + +现在，将你的 EASY_RSA 变量改为： + + export EASY_RSA="/etc/openvpn/easy-rsa" + +对我的环境来说，这是在第13行。 + +![](http://readwrite.com/files/Screen%20Shot%202014-04-09%20at%2010.26.48%20AM.png) + +为什么要修改这个变量呢？其实这是你在回答计算机的问题＂你想让文件生成在哪里？＂。在这个情况下，我们想要将其生成在我们保存key的同一个目录，在这里是easy-rsa文件树的顶层。 + +在vars文件中我们还可以做一件事，如果你对黑衣众们阅读你的邮箱这件事十分在意的话，你可以将加密方法从1024-bit改至2048-bit。在vars文件中，它明显的指出，＂偏执狂请将此改为2048！＂。 + +但是因为这个方法大大增长了生成密钥的时间，我们不会在这个教程中使用它。保持下面这个样子： + + export KEY_SIZE=1024 + +按下**Control+X**来保存修改并退出nano。 + +### 加密 ### + +6) 现在该搭建CA证书和Root CA证书了。 + +在加密学中，一个授权机构(certificate authority (CA))是一个颁布电子证书的存在。电子证书来证明公钥的所有者。 + +你可能一直在使用它只是你自己不知道而已。举个例子，当我登陆我的网银账户时，我可以在网页地址前看到HTTPS字符。当我点击HTTPS前的锁时，我会看到一个叫做[GeoTrust][13]的公司验证了我网银页面的合法性，因此我知道这不是一个钓鱼欺诈网站。(当然最近的[Heartbleed漏洞][14]指出HTTPS并不是我们想得那么安全)。 + +在树莓派这个例子中，我作为我自己的授权机构，自己为OpenVPN签字，而不是通过一个第三方公司。 + + cd /etc/openvon/easy-rsa + +现在我们又改变了所在目录，将下面命令一行接一行输入终端： + +**source ./vars** →　这个"source"加载你之前修改的文件(vars)。 + +**./clean-all** → 这会删除之前所有的密钥文件，如果有的话。如果在这个文件目录下有你不想删除的密钥文件(比如这是你第二次尝试这篇教程)，跳过这条命令。 + +**./build-ca** → 最后一条来生成你的授权机构。 + +再输入第三条命令之后，树莓派会弹出一堆选项，你可以填写这些选项如果你愿意的话－－国家名字，州名或省名，位置名，机构名，机构单位和电子邮件地址。如果你不想填写，只要在每个选项出现时按"enter"就行了，树莓派会使用默认值。下面的截屏展现了这些选项的长相： + +![](http://readwrite.com/files/Screen%20Shot%202014-04-09%20at%207.32.35%20PM.png) + +现在你可以为你的服务器命名了。我很“创新”地将其命名为"Server"。你可以取任意的名字，不过别忘记输入： + + ./build-key-server [Server_Name] + +再次，树莓派会给出一系列的选项，请随便输入，但注意以下几个选项： + +**Commom Name ** 必须是你为服务器取的名字。 + +**A challenge password?** 必须啥也不输，回车即可。 + +**Sign the certificate? [y/n]** 废话，你必须输入"y"。 + +你接下来会看到一段消息说你的证书会在接下来的3650天中有效的信息。因此，如果你打算长期使用这个VPN的话，你必须在十年后重新走这个流程。 + +**1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]** 明显，输入"y"。 + +![](http://readwrite.com/files/Screen%20Shot%202014-04-09%20at%207.35.28%20PM.png) + +6) 服务器端就这么设置好了。现在该为各位用户生成密钥了，或者说"客户"。我为家里的计算机，平板，手机各生成了一个密钥，总共有5个。不要以为在所有客户端使用同样的密钥就可以节省时间，这样的话，一次只能有一个设备能访问VPN。 + + ./build-key-pass UserName + +我发现采用用户名 Client1, Client2, Client3...十分方便 + +![](http://readwrite.com/files/Screen%20Shot%202014-04-09%20at%207.37.00%20PM.png) + +在这之后，更多信息会弹出! + +**Enter PEM pass phrase** 设置其为你记得住的密码！他会让你输入两次，不会有几率输入错误。 + +**A challenge password?** 必须留空！ + +**Sign the certificate? [y/n]** 同样签十年。 + + cd keys + openssl rsa -in Client1.key -des3 -out Client1.3des.key + +留意我们使用des3加密生成的字符串文件，des3是一个复杂[加密算法][15]会在每一个数据块上运行3次，来防止骇客的暴力破解。OpenSSL 代表开源的加密套接字实现，是一个建立安全连接的标准方法。你需要为你生成的每一个客户端运行这一步。 + +有人会说这一步完全没有必要，你可以跳过这一步。但是如果你通过Android或者iOS设备连接OpenVPN，那么你必须要做这一步，不然的话目前版本在解析你的密钥时会有一些困难产生。 + + Enter pass phrase for Client1.key + +说实话，我用了和以前一样的密码。再输入一遍，就想说的那样。 + +![](http://readwrite.com/files/Screen%20Shot%202014-04-09%20at%207.40.04%20PM.png) + +现在我们已经创建了服务器证书以及至少一个客户端证书，输入以下命令： + + cd /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/ + +或者 + + cd .. + +两种方法都会将你的所在目录带会/easy-rsa/。 + +7) 现在该生成[Diffie-Hellman key exange][16]了。这是使你的VPN工作的关键代码，一个使两个没有先前信息的双方通过服务器交换密钥的协议。像RSA一样，这是现有的最早发明的加密系统。 + + ./build-dh + +这一步会花一些时间，甚至比2048-bit加密还要慢。而且没有任何方法可以预测它运行的时间，因为这个算法使用的是随机数并寻找一些特定的关系。事实上，在我写这篇教程时，1024-bit加密只花了我5分钟。 + +![](http://readwrite.com/files/Screen%20Shot%202014-04-09%20at%207.41.40%20PM.png) + +8) 最后，我们要实现OpenVPN内建的服务阻断攻击(Denial of Service -- DoS)防护。你可能已经知道服务阻断攻击是骇客找到你的服务器地址后很有效的攻击手段，这种攻击通过生成大量的访问请求来使你的服务器崩溃。 + +输入以下代码来生成静态的HMAC([hash-based message authentication code][17])密钥： + + openvpn --genkey --secret keys/ta.key + +## 最后收尾 ## + +9) 我们已经生成了密钥以及来签名的授权机构。剩下的只是如何告诉OpenVPN如何配置这个服务器了。 + +因为我们在树莓派上使用在没有图形用户界面的Linux操作系统，我们需要生成一个.conf (configuration) 文件来告诉OpenVPN如何配置服务器，而不是通过图形界面的选择。用nano打开.conf文件： + + nano /etc/openvpn/server.conf + +我们在这个目录下打开.conf文件的理由是，编辑完此文件会直接生成在/etc/openvpn的目录中。但是你刚刚打开的这个文件是空的。[将此地址中的配置复制入编辑器][18]。在配置中我用大写字符注释了你必须要更改的地方，具体可以看注释。按下 Control+X 来保存文件。 + +10) 让我们快速地编辑一下另一个配置文件。在默认配置下树莓派并不会转发网络流量，我们需要另一个配置文件来使树莓派启用对我们新建网络中的网络流量的转发。 + + nano /etc/sysctl.conf + +在文档开头处有注释：＂取消下一行的注释来启用IPv4中的数据包转发。＂("Uncomment the next line to enable packet forwarding for IPv4。")。我在下面的截图中高亮了这部分。 + +![](http://readwrite.com/files/Screen%20Shot%202014-04-09%20at%207.46.38%20PM.png) + +删除那一行前面的 # 来取消注释这一行。这告诉树莓派要对IPv4的数据包进行映射。当你取消注释了这一行，树莓派就拥有了作为互联网的中继而不是单单的接受者的权限，可以既接受并发送数据包。 + +按下 Control+X 来保存修改。通过以下命令启用此配置： + + sysctl -p + +sysctl命令表示＂[在运行中改变内核配置参数][19]＂。-p 告诉计算机重新加载你刚刚修改的配置文件。 + +11) 到这一步我们以及配置完了一个拥有互联网访问权限的工作中的服务器。但是我们还不能用它，用为树莓派有内置的[防火墙][20]来限制传输入的网络连接。 + +Raspbian的防火墙会在来路不明的互联网源头中保护你的树莓派。我们仍然需要防火墙来保护我们，但是我们要在防火墙中挖一个OpenVPN样子的洞，使OpenVPN的连接可以顺利通过。 + +此外，Raspbian的防火墙会在重启后默认进行重置。我们需要创建一个简单的脚本使树莓派记住每次重启时对OpenVPN的连接进行允许。 + + nano /etc/firewall-openvpn-rules.sh + +这是一个空文件，输入以下内容： + + #!/bin/sh + + iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.XX.X + +不要忘记将默认IP地址改为你树莓派的IP地址! + +解释下这条命令: 10.8.0.0 是客户端连接树莓派VPN后树莓派的默认地址。 "eth0"代表以太网接口。 如果你使树莓派用无线连接互联网的话将其改为"wlan0"， 当然我不建议你这么做。 按下 Control+X 保存编辑。 + +为了安全考虑, 我们要改变**/etc/firewall-openvpn-rules.sh**的所有者，使此文件默认不可被运行。 首先将权限设定为[700][21] (所有者可以读、写、执行)。 然后，我们会将此脚本的所有者改为root,，在Linux标准系统中，root代表系统管理员。 + + chmod 700 /etc/firewall-OpenVPN-rules.sh + chown root /etc/firewall-OpenVPN-ruels.sh + +12) 我们已经创建了一个在防火墙中开出OpenVPN形状的洞，我们现在只需要将这个脚本插入到网络interface初始化的代码中，然后它就会在每次开机时运行了。 + + nano /etc/network/interfaces + +找到带有"iface eth0 inet dchp"的那一行。 我们需要在这行之后的缩进中加上一行。 下面是这两行，一行新加入，一行原来就存在，在完成之后它应该差不多像这样： + + iface eth0 inet dhcp + pre-up /etc/firewall-openvpn-rules.sh + +![](http://readwrite.com/files/screenshot_0.png) + +按下 Control+X 保存更改 (当你在使用nano的时候都应该这么做)。 + +最后，再最后, 再最最后：重启树莓派。 + + sudo reboot + +恭喜你！！vpn服务器就这么搭建完成了，当然如果没有客户端连接服务器的话，服务器也没什么用，因此你应该牢记你在第6步创建生成的用户名及密钥。 接下来你可以继续阅读这篇教程的[第二部分][22]来学习如何创建加密的客户端。 + +树莓派的照片来自 [Tors][23]。 其他所有的截屏来自Lauren Ordini。 教程展示于ReadWrite。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://readwrite.com/2014/04/10/raspberry-pi-vpn-tutorial-server-secure-web-browsing + +译者：[ThomazL](https://github.com/ThomazL) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_network +[2]:http://netforbeginners.about.com/od/readerpicks/tp/The-Best-VPN-Service-Providers.htm +[3]:http://openvpn.net/ +[4]:http://learn.adafruit.com/setting-up-a-raspberry-pi-with-noobs/overview +[5]:http://www.raspbian.org/ +[6]:http://readwrite.com/2014/03/04/raspberry-pi-quantified-fish-acquarium +[7]:http://readwrite.com/2014/04/09/raspberry-pi-projects-ssh-remote-desktop-static-ip-tutorial?utm_content=readwrite3-orionautotweet&awesm=readwr.it_b1UN&utm_campaign=&utm_medium=readwr.it-twitter&utm_source=t.co#awesm=~oAXilI0BMOHsS3 +[8]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Shell +[9]:http://readwrite.com/2014/04/09/raspberry-pi-projects-ssh-remote-desktop-static-ip-tutorial +[10]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol +[11]:http://readwrite.com/2014/04/09/raspberry-pi-projects-ssh-remote-desktop-static-ip-tutorial?utm_content=readwrite3-orionautotweet&awesm=readwr.it_b1UN&utm_campaign=&utm_medium=readwr.it-twitter&utm_source=t.co#awesm=~oAXilI0BMOHsS3 +[12]:http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-vista/tips-for-creating-a-strong-password +[13]:http://www.geotrust.com/ +[14]:http://readwrite.com/2014/04/08/heartbleed-openssl-bug-cryptography-web-security +[15]:http://osxdaily.com/2012/01/30/encrypt-and-decrypt-files-with-openssl/# +[16]:http://www.google.com/patents/US4200770 +[17]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash-based_message_authentication_code +[18]:https://gist.github.com/laurenorsini/9925434 +[19]:http://linux.about.com/library/cmd/blcmdl8_sysctl.htm +[20]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall_(computing) +[21]:http://www.thinkplexx.com/learn/article/unix/command/chmod-permissions-flags-explained-600-0600-700-777-100-etc +[22]:http://readwrite.com/2014/04/11/building-a-raspberry-pi-vpn-part-two-creating-an-encrypted-client-side#awesm=~oB89WBfWrt21bV +[23]:http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Raspberry_Pi_Model_B_Rev._2.jpg + diff --git a/translated/tech/Building A Raspberry Pi VPN Part One--How And Why To Build A Server.md b/translated/tech/Building A Raspberry Pi VPN Part One--How And Why To Build A Server.md deleted file mode 100644 index e58a8fab69..0000000000 --- a/translated/tech/Building A Raspberry Pi VPN Part One--How And Why To Build A Server.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,324 +0,0 @@ -在树莓派上建立VPN~第一部分~：如何以及为何建立一个服务器 -================================================================================ -> 不要相信任何人，自己建立为Web数据加密的服务器从而躲过他人的窥视 - -虽然免费，未加密的无线AP遍地都是，但是你不应该连接这些AP来登陆你的网银账户，除非你对他人的窥视毫不在意．那么对此的解决方案是什么呢？一个[虚拟专用网][1]，也就是VPN(virtual private network)． - -一个VPN可以使你的私用网络拓展至公共场所，因此即使你连接着星巴克的 Wi-Fi，你对网络浏览仍然保持着安全的加密． - -有很多方法来建立VPN，包括[免费以及付费的服务][2]，但是每个解决方案都有其的优点以及缺点，取决于VPN服务商运作的方式和服务商提供的VPN选项． - -最简单以及最方便的保证数据安全的方法就是完全抛弃公共Wi-Fi．但是这个解决方案对于我来说有点极端了，一部分原因是在家里建立一个VPN服务器相对容易以及划算，你只需要一个便宜(35刀)小型的树莓派． - -我的树莓派与智能手机差不多大小，并且它拥有一个VPN服务器所有应有的功能．这意味着不管我在哪里，我可以通过安全的网络连接在家里的电脑和家里的内网来访问分享的文件以及媒体．这个服务器在我最近去波士顿的旅途中使生活变得十分美好，在旅途中我仍然可以观看储存在家里台式机上的视频． - -在这部分文章中，说实话我喜欢直接带给你们一个设置树莓派VPN的教程．问题是这个优秀教程并不存在，至少目前没有一个适合大部分电脑用户的优秀教程．虽然有无数关于如何搭建树莓派VPN的教程，极少教程会解释这么做的目的． - -我阅读了不少教程，并把好的部分整合入了这半篇教程中，来教授读者如何搭建树莓派VPN服务器．这个教程甚至连我都能理解，在如何搭建之后完成了为何搭建部分．最重要的是，我相信Eric Jodoin的VPN教程更适合那些专家，但它使我的大脑直接宕机了．．． - -那么跟随我钻进加密法的兔子洞并且开始学习吧，无论你有多么多疑，提出了创造VPNs的那个人更正是如此. - -###　材料　### - -#### 硬件 #### - -![](http://readwrite.com/files/Raspberry_Pi_Model_B_Rev._2.jpg) - -**Raspberry Pi Model B**：以及使其工作所需要的所有硬件－一个常规电源供电器和一个放置的小盒子．小盒子可以避免意外的可以造成树莓派硬件损坏的短路－这个盒子甚至可以是一个自己折叠的纸板箱． - -**SD card**：我建议8GB及以上的容量，只是来保证你有必要的储存空间．像所有树莓派项目一样，SD卡上应该要预装上NOOBS． - -**CAT-5线**：这根线将连接树莓派的以太网接口至你的路由器的以太网接口． - -#### 软件 #### - -[Open VPN][3]：这是一个开源VPN服务，我们今天就要安装它． - -### 开始项目之前的准备 ### - -1) 你需要[准备好NOOBS][4]并且安装完[Raspbian][5]．我在＂鱼缸量化＂项目中对此做过一个[一步步][6]的教程．因此你也可以在那里查看． - -2) 你需要为树莓派设置一个在你家内网中的静态IP地址．这一步骤取决于你路由器的型号，因此你可能需要阅读你的路由器的说明书来完成这一步．如果你还没有完成这一步，你可以参照ReadWrite的[教程][7]． - -3) 你需要启用SSH．我们需要通过[SSH][8]与树莓派进行连接，一个使我们能够从另一台电脑连接树莓派的工具．通过这个方法，我们在这个项目中不需要再为树莓派单独设置一个显示屏以及无线键盘．再提一下，看看ReadWrite的[教程][9]． - -4) 你需要将1194端口映射至树莓派的内网IP地址[UDP traffic][10]，完成这一步的方法也决定于你路由器的型号，所以阅读路由器说明书吧．如果你想用另一个端口，没问题，只要将此教程中提及"TCP"，"UDP"的1194端口改为你需要的端口就行了．想必你也猜到了，ReadWrite为此也写了一篇[教程][11]． - -你可以从上文看出，我们现在在建立一些树莓派的基础概念，这也是为什么在树莓派上搭建VPN对初学者来说不是一个适合的原因之一． - -### 简单的一些警告 ### - -我曾经喜欢直接拷贝网上教程中的代码，但是当我自己测试这篇教程时，我发现直接的复制粘贴代码会导致一些错误，原因是复制粘贴中出现的空行以及格式变化．如果你发现在此篇教程在实际操作时出现了一些问题，我的建议是先手动输入代码试试! - -### First Steps ### - -1) 启动并修改树莓派的密码．如果你还在使用树莓派的默认用户名(pi)和密码(respberry)，那么接下来的安全教程就完全没有什么意义了． - -打开一个terminal/PuTTY 窗口输入： - - sudo passwd - -将用户名以及密码修改地既好记并难猜([微软对此有一些建议][12])，不然的话为什么要自找麻烦搭建一个私人网络呢？ - -2) 为了树莓派的安全来进行软件包的升级．为此有两条命令： - - sudo apt-get update - - sudo apt-get upgrade - -这应该不会花太多时间，而且为我们排除了之后可能会产生的问题． - -3) 接下来我们需要这个开源软件(OpenVPN)．输入： - - sudo apt-get install openvpn - -![](http://readwrite.com/files/Screen%20Shot%202014-04-09%20at%2010.22.19%20AM.png) - -树莓派会寻求你的安装许可，因为这用掉一点点储存空间．但是由于我们已经准备了一张8GB及以上的SD卡，我们对此完全没问题． - -### 生成密钥 ### - -4) 你当然不想让任何发现你的VPN的人就可以连接，因此我们会为这个安全的地址准备一个来验证身份的密钥．这就像为你的家门准备一把锁一样． - -OpenVPN自带了Easy_RSA，一个轻量并容易的使用RSA加密方法的包．发明于1977年，RSA是第一个沿用至今可用的加密系统．加密的密钥是公开的，解密的密钥是保密的．如果你听说过比特币的工作原理，这些对你来说应该十分熟悉． - -通过使用Easy_RSA，你可以使用软件带有的算法来生成一个独一无二的密钥． - -首先获得树莓派的系统权限，就是将命令提示符中的"pi@raspberrypi"转换成"root@raspberrypi"． - - sudo -s - -这句命令在现有的终端中再次创建了一个拥有root权限的终端实例．我们需要获得root权限的原因是，如果我们没有root权限，树莓派将不会允许我们创建密钥． - -接下来，输入： - - cp –r /usr/share/doc/openvpn/examples/easy-rsa/2.0 /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa - -在这句命令中，"cp"代表＂复制＂，"r"代表递归．这说明我们让电脑执行：复制这个目录以及此目录下的所有文件结构及文件． - -在**/2.0**和**/etc**中间的空格表示我们将第一个目录地址的文件（一个实例文件）拷贝至第二个目录地址，就是你让OpenVPN寻找密钥的地址． - - cd /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa - -5) 接下来，我们需要"cd"，改变所在目录(change directory)，来放置我们生成的Easy_RSA文件．一旦完成这步，我们需要打开文件**/etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/vars**来编辑．我们可以使用nano: **nano /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/vars**，由于我们以及在此目录下了，我们可以使用简写： - - nano vars - -Nano在Raspbian中内建的文件编辑工具，当然也有其他工具提供给"科技通"们，不过我们将在此教程中只使用nano． - -现在，将你的 EASY_RSA 变量改为： - - export EASY_RSA="/etc/openvpn/easy-rsa" - -对我来说，这是在第13行． - -![](http://readwrite.com/files/Screen%20Shot%202014-04-09%20at%2010.26.48%20AM.png) - -为什么要修改这个变量呢？其实这是你在回答计算机的问题＂你想让文件生成在哪里？＂．在这个情况下，我们想要将其生成在我们保存的同一个目录，easy-rsa文件树的顶层． - -在vars文件中我们还可以做一件事，如果你对Innuminati阅读你的邮箱这件事十分偏执的话，你可以将加密方法从1024-bit改至2048-bit．在vars文件中，它明显的指出，＂偏执狂请将此改为2048＂("increase this to 2048 if you are paranoid")． - -但是因为这个方法大大增长了生成密钥的时间，我们不会在这个教程中使用它．保持下面这个样子： - - export KEY_SIZE=1024 - -按下**Control+X**来保存修改并推出nano． - -### 获取加密手段 ### - -6) 现在该搭建CA证书和Root CA证书了． - -在加密学中，一个授权机构(certificate authority (CA))是一个颁布电子证书的存在．电子证书证明公钥的所有者． - -你可能一直在使用它只是你自己不知道而已．举个例子，当我登陆我的网银账户时，我可以在网页地址前看到HTTPS字符．当我点击HTTPS前的锁时，我会看到一个叫做[GeoTrust][13]的公司验证了我网银页面的合法性，因此我知道这不是一个钓鱼欺诈网站．(当然最近的[Heartbleed漏洞][14]指出HTTPS并不是我们想得那么安全)． - -在树莓派这个例子中，我作为我自己的授权机构，自己为OpenVPN签字，而不是通过一个第三方公司． - - cd /etc/openvon/easy-rsa - -现在我们又改变了所在目录，将下面命令一行接一行输入终端： - -**source ./vars** →　这个"source"加载你之前修改的文件(vars)． - -**./clean-all** → 这会删除之前所有的密钥文件，如果有的话．如果在这个文件目录下有你不想删除的密钥文件(比如这是你第二次尝试这篇教程)，跳过这条命令． - -**./build-ca** → 最后一条来生成你的授权机构． - -再输入第三条命令之后，树莓派会弹出一堆选项，你可以填写这些选项如果你愿意的话－－国家名字，州名或省名，位置名，机构名，机构单位和电子邮件地址．如果你不想填写，只要在每个选项出现时按"enter"就行了，树莓派会使用默认值．下面的截屏展现了这些选项的长相： - -![](http://readwrite.com/files/Screen%20Shot%202014-04-09%20at%207.32.35%20PM.png) - -现在你可以为你的服务器命名了．我很创新地将其命名为"Server"...你可以取任意的名字，不过别忘记输入： - - ./build-key-server [Server_Name] - -再次，树莓派会给出一系列的选项，请随便输入，但注意以下几个选项： - -**Commom Name ** 必须是你为服务器取得名字． - -**A challenge password?** 必须留空． - -**Sign the certificate? [y/n]** 废话，你必须输入"y"． - -你接下来会获得说明你的证书会在接下来的3650天中有效的信息．因此，如果你打算长期使用这个VPN的话，你必须在十年后重新走这个流程． - -**1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]** 明显，输入"y"． - -![](http://readwrite.com/files/Screen%20Shot%202014-04-09%20at%207.35.28%20PM.png) - -6) 服务器端就这么设置好了．现在该为各位用户生成密钥了，或者说"客户"．我为家里的计算机，平板，手机各生成了一个密钥，总共有5个．不要以为在所有客户端使用同样的密钥就可以节省时间，这样的话，一次只能有一个设备能访问VPN． - - ./build-key-pass UserName - -我发现采用用户名 Client1, Client2, Client3...十分方便 - -![](http://readwrite.com/files/Screen%20Shot%202014-04-09%20at%207.37.00%20PM.png) - -在这之后，更多信息会弹出! - -**Enter PEM pass phrase** 设置其为你记得住的密码！他会让你输入两次，不会有几率输入错误． - -**A challenge password?** 必须留空！ - -**Sign the certificate? [y/n]** 同样签十年． - - cd keys - - openssl rsa -in Client1.key -des3 -out Client1.3des.key - -留意我们使用des3加密生成的字符串文件，des3是一个复杂[加密算法][15]会在每一个数据块上运行3次，来防止骇客的暴力破解．OpenSSL 代表开源的加密套接字实现，是一个建立安全连接的标准方法．你需要为你生成的每一个客户端运行这一步． - -有人会说这一步完全没有必要，你可以跳过这一步．但是如果你通过Android或者iOS设备连接OpenVPN，那么你必须要做这一步，不然的话目前版本在解析你的密钥时会有一些困难产生． - - Enter pass phrase for Client1.key - -说实话，我用了和以前一样的密码．再输入一遍，就想说的那样． - -![](http://readwrite.com/files/Screen%20Shot%202014-04-09%20at%207.40.04%20PM.png) - -现在我们已经创建了服务器证书以及至少一个客户端证书，输入以下命令： - - cd /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/ - -或者 - - cd .. - -两种方法都会将你的所在目录带会/easy-rsa/. - -7) 现在该生成[Diffie-Hellman key exange][16]了．这是使你的VPN工作的关键代码，一个使两个没有准备的实例通过服务器交换密钥的协议．像RSA一样，这是现有的最早发明的加密系统． - - ./build-dh - -这一步会花一些时间，甚至比2048-bit加密还要慢．而且没有任何方法可以预测它运行的时间，因为这个算法使用的是随机数并寻找一些特定的关系．事实上，在我写这篇教程时，1024-bit加密只花了我5分钟． - -![](http://readwrite.com/files/Screen%20Shot%202014-04-09%20at%207.41.40%20PM.png) - -8) 最后，我们要实现OpenVPN内建的服务阻断攻击(Denial of Service -- DoS)防护．你可能已经知道服务阻断攻击是骇客找到你的服务器地址后很有效的攻击手段，这种攻击通过生成大量的访问请求来使你的服务器崩溃． - -输入以下代码来生成静态的HMAC([hash-based message authentication code][17])密钥： - - openvpn --genkey --secret keys/ta.key - -## 最后收尾 ## - -9) 我们已经生成了密钥以及来签名的授权机构．剩下的只是如何告诉OpenVPN如何配置这个服务器了． - -因为我们在树莓派上使用在没有图形用户界面的Linux操作系统，我们需要生成一个.conf (configuration) 文件来告诉OpenVPN如何配置服务器，而不是通过图形界面的选择．用nano打开.conf文件： - - nano /etc/openvpn/server.conf - -我们在这个目录下打开.conf文件的理由是，编辑完此文件会直接生成在/etc/openvpn的目录中．但是你刚刚打开的这个文件是空的．[将此地址中的配置复制入编辑器][18]．在配置中我用大写字符注释了你必须要更改的地方，具体可以看注释．按下 Control+X 来保存文件． - -10) 让我们快速地编辑一下另一个配置文件．在默认配置下树莓派并不会映射网络流量，我们需要另一个配置文件来使树莓派启用对我们新建网络中的网络流量的映射． - - nano /etc/sysctl.conf - -在文档开头处有注释：＂反注释下一行来启用IPv4中的数据包映射．＂("Uncomment the next line to enable packet forwarding for IPv4.")．我在下面的截图中高亮了这部分． - -![](http://readwrite.com/files/Screen%20Shot%202014-04-09%20at%207.46.38%20PM.png) - -删除那一行前面的 # 来反注释这一行．这告诉树莓派要对IPv4的数据包进行映射．当你反注释了这一行，树莓派就拥有了作为互联网的中介而不是单单的接受者的权限，可以既接受并传输数据包． - -按下 Control+X 来保存修改．通过以下命令启用此配置： - - sysctl -p - -sysctl命令表示＂[在运行中改变内核配置参数][19]＂．-p 告诉计算机重新加载你刚刚修改的配置文件． - -11) 到这一步我们以及配置完了一个拥有互联网访问权限的工作中的服务器．但是我们还不能用它，用为树莓派有内置的[防火墙][20]来限制传输入的网络连接． - -Raspbian的防火墙会在来路不明的互联网源头中保护你的树莓派．我们仍然需要防火墙来保护我们，但是我们要在防火墙中挖一个OpenVPN样子的洞，使OpenVPN的连接可以顺利通过． - -此外，Raspbian的防火墙会在重启后默认进行重置．我们需要创建一个简单的脚本使树莓派记住每次重启时对OpenVPN的连接进行允许． - - nano /etc/firewall-openvpn-rules.sh - -这是一个空文件，输入以下内容： - - #!/bin/sh - - iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.XX.X - -不要忘记将默认IP地址改为你树莓派的IP地址! - -分解下这条命令: 10.8.0.0 是客户端连接树莓派VPN后树莓派的默认地址. "eth0"代表以太网接口. 将其改为"wlan0"如果你使树莓派用无线连接互联网, 当然我不建议你这么做. 按下 Control+X 保存编辑. - -为了安全考虑, 我们要改变**/etc/firewall-openvpn-rules.sh**的所有者,使此文件默认不可被运行. 首先将权限设定为[700][21] (所有者可以读,写,执行). 然后,我们会将此脚本的所有者改为root, 在Linux标准系统中, root代表系统管理员. - - chmod 700 /etc/firewall-OpenVPN-rules.sh - - chown root /etc/firewall-OpenVPN-ruels.sh - -12) 我们已经创建了一个在防火墙中开出OpenVPN形状的洞, 我们现在只需要将这个脚本注射入网络interface初始化的代码中, 然后它就会在每次开机时运行了. - - nano /etc/network/interfaces - -找到带有"iface eth0 inet dchp"的那一行. 我们需要在这行之后的缩进中加上一行. 下面是这两行, 一行新加入, 一行原来就存在, 在完成之后它应该差不多像这样: - - iface eth0 inet dhcp - - pre-up /etc/firewall-openvpn-rules.sh - -按下 Control+X 保存更改 (当你在使用nano的时候都应该这么做). - -最后, 在最后, 在最最后: 重启树莓派. - - sudo reboot - -恭喜你!! vpn服务器就这么搭建完成了, 当然如果没有客户端连接服务器的话, 服务器也没什么用, 因此你应该牢记你在第6步创建, 生成的用户名及密钥. 接下来你可以继续阅读这篇教程的[第二部分][22]来学习如何创建加密的客户端. - -树莓派的照片来自 [Tors][23]. 其他所有的截屏来自Lauren Ordini. 教程展示于ReadWrite. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://readwrite.com/2014/04/10/raspberry-pi-vpn-tutorial-server-secure-web-browsing - -译者：[ThomazL](https://github.com/ThomazL) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_network -[2]:http://netforbeginners.about.com/od/readerpicks/tp/The-Best-VPN-Service-Providers.htm -[3]:http://openvpn.net/ -[4]:http://learn.adafruit.com/setting-up-a-raspberry-pi-with-noobs/overview -[5]:http://www.raspbian.org/ -[6]:http://readwrite.com/2014/03/04/raspberry-pi-quantified-fish-acquarium -[7]:http://readwrite.com/2014/04/09/raspberry-pi-projects-ssh-remote-desktop-static-ip-tutorial?utm_content=readwrite3-orionautotweet&awesm=readwr.it_b1UN&utm_campaign=&utm_medium=readwr.it-twitter&utm_source=t.co#awesm=~oAXilI0BMOHsS3 -[8]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Shell -[9]:http://readwrite.com/2014/04/09/raspberry-pi-projects-ssh-remote-desktop-static-ip-tutorial -[10]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol -[11]:http://readwrite.com/2014/04/09/raspberry-pi-projects-ssh-remote-desktop-static-ip-tutorial?utm_content=readwrite3-orionautotweet&awesm=readwr.it_b1UN&utm_campaign=&utm_medium=readwr.it-twitter&utm_source=t.co#awesm=~oAXilI0BMOHsS3 -[12]:http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-vista/tips-for-creating-a-strong-password -[13]:http://www.geotrust.com/ -[14]:http://readwrite.com/2014/04/08/heartbleed-openssl-bug-cryptography-web-security -[15]:http://osxdaily.com/2012/01/30/encrypt-and-decrypt-files-with-openssl/# -[16]:http://www.google.com/patents/US4200770 -[17]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash-based_message_authentication_code -[18]:https://gist.github.com/laurenorsini/9925434 -[19]:http://linux.about.com/library/cmd/blcmdl8_sysctl.htm -[20]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall_(computing) -[21]:http://www.thinkplexx.com/learn/article/unix/command/chmod-permissions-flags-explained-600-0600-700-777-100-etc -[22]:http://readwrite.com/2014/04/11/building-a-raspberry-pi-vpn-part-two-creating-an-encrypted-client-side#awesm=~oB89WBfWrt21bV -[23]:http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Raspberry_Pi_Model_B_Rev._2.jpg - From 450232e11a9d7723974b4c242ab1b3ac3f00f2a6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Wed, 28 May 2014 22:59:44 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 326/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9A20140527=20A?= =?UTF-8?q?pache=20Tomcat=207.0.54=20Now=20Available=20for=20Download?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @alim0x 已发布~ --- ... Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md | 10 +++++----- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) rename {translated/news => published}/20140527 Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md (80%) diff --git a/translated/news/20140527 Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md b/published/20140527 Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md similarity index 80% rename from translated/news/20140527 Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md rename to published/20140527 Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md index 9c0416ffcc..032db518df 100644 --- a/translated/news/20140527 Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md +++ b/published/20140527 Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md @@ -2,15 +2,15 @@ Apache Tomcat 7.0.54现已可供下载 ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Apache-Tomcat-7-0-54-Now-Available-for-Download-443862-2.jpg) -**Apache Tomcat 7.0.54，一个在Java社区进程之下开发的Java Servlet和JavaServer Pages技术的开源软件实现，现已可供下载。** +**Apache Tomcat 7.0.54，一个在JCP规范之下开发的Java Servlet和JSP技术的开源软件实现，现已可供下载。** -自上一个Apache Tomcat版本的发布已经有段时日了， 但这仅仅意味着开发者们有更多的时间来对软件作出修补和更改。这是一个源码软件包，所以常规用户并不一定真的需要它。 +自上一个Apache Tomcat版本的发布已经有段时日了， 但这仅仅意味着开发者们有更多的时间来对软件作出修补和更改。这是一个源码软件包，所以普通用户并不一定真的需要它。 通过更新日志得知，定制的UTF-8解码器已经被修复，在AprLifecycleListener的FIPS模式中加入了更多的管理选项，如果一个应用从已销毁的会话中调用session.invalidate()而导致的无限循环已经可被避免，在添加一个Mbean通知监听器时，移除一个Mbean监听器现在将还原所有执行的操作，以及关于完成部署和其执行时间的信息已被添加到日志文件之中。 -另外，一些理论上可能会发生内存泄漏的位置上已经做了修补，当使用JAASMemoryLoginModule时的用户认证已被修复，在反斜杠处理时的回归已得到纠正。 +另外，一些理论上可能会发生内存泄漏的位置上已经做了修补，当使用JAASMemoryLoginModule时的用户认证已被修复，在反斜杠处理时的回溯已得到纠正。 -在来源归档的官方更新日志中可以找到一份完整的变更，修复以及新特性的列表。 +在源代码归档的官方更新日志中可以找到一份完整的变更，修复以及新特性的列表。 ### 下载 Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 (violetagg): ### @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Apache Tomcat 7.0.54现已可供下载 via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Apache-Tomcat-7-0-54-Now-Available-for-Download-443862.shtml -译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From a89f8656f824d64714a877c19cebeacbe68158df Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Wed, 28 May 2014 23:13:11 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 327/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9A20140507=20U?= =?UTF-8?q?buntu=20Users=20Will=20No=20Longer=20Have=20a=20Cinnamon=20PPA?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @GOLinux --- ...ntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md | 14 +++++++------- 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20140507 Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md (80%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20140507 Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md b/published/20140507 Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md similarity index 80% rename from translated/tech/20140507 Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md rename to published/20140507 Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md index b100442535..79ef438a42 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20140507 Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md +++ b/published/20140507 Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md @@ -1,20 +1,20 @@ -Ubuntu用户将不再有Cinnamon的PPA了 +『我终于失去了你~在拥挤的人群中~』Ubuntu用户即将失去Cinnamon ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-Users-Will-No-Longer-Have-a-Cinnamon-PPA-443933-2.jpg) **许多Ubuntu用户过去一直在使用第三方仓库体验Cinnamon而不用安装Linux Mint，然而似乎在不久的将来，不会再有Cinnamon的第三方仓库了**。 -如果你在用Ubuntu系统，目前你能够通过添加一个PPA源并安装相应的软件包就可以体验到Cinnamon桌面环境。这让你可以获得像Linux Mint一样的体验，而不用真的去安装它。 +如果你在用Ubuntu系统，当前你能够通过添加一个PPA源并安装相应的软件包就可以体验到Cinnamon桌面环境。这让你可以获得像Linux Mint一样的体验，而不用真的去安装它。 不幸的是，该功能即将消失，但不是因为主要维护者不想再继续提供该软件。很显然，Ubuntu仓库将不再保留旧版本的GNOME软件包，而Cinnamon却需要这些包，这让Cinnamon要想通过PPA方式安装，即使可能，也困难重重。 -“稳定的PPA源确实不再维护了，而每晚更新的PPA源也只为开发而保留，不应该用于任何种类的生产机器上（它可能会在任何时候中断）。” +“稳定的PPA源确实不再维护了，而每晚更新的PPA源也只为开发而保留，但不应该用于任何种类的生产机器上（它可能会在任何时候中断）。” “坦率地说，除了切换到其它支持Cinnamon的版本外，目前我没有其它替代品可以提供给Ubuntu用户。外面有很多这样的版本，我只是希望有人（最终）站到Ubuntu这边来为它的用户提供合适的包。”Gwendal Le Bihan——Cinnamon包的维护者[说][1]。 -这意味着，从今往后，只有不稳定的PPA源可用了，但也只是用于测试，用户不应该将该源部署到生产机器上。而不久之后，你要想见见Cinnamon的样子，就只好去安装Linux Mint（或者Arch也行），或者你自己动手编译吧。 +这意味着，从今往后，只有不稳定的PPA源可用了，但也只是用于测试，用户不应该将该源部署到正式机器上。而不久之后，你要想见见Cinnamon的样子，就只好去安装Linux Mint（或者Arch也行），或者你自己动手编译吧。 -如果你仍然想要安装Cinnamon，Ubuntu 14.04 LTS（Trusty Tahr）可以使用不稳定的PPA源。你所要做是在终端下输入一些命令（你需要root身份来做此事）： +如果你仍然想要安装Cinnamon，Ubuntu 14.04 LTS（Trusty Tahr）可以使用不稳定的PPA源。你所要做是在终端下输入一些命令（你需要root权限来做此事）： sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gwendal-lebihan-dev/cinnamon-nightly sudo apt-get update @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Ubuntu用户将不再有Cinnamon的PPA了 安装完成后，你所要做的仅仅是注销系统并从欢迎屏幕选择Cinnamon桌面。 -Cinnamon桌面环境是作为GNOME shell的分支开发的，目的在于提供一个简洁而保守的替代品用于替代当前提供的一切。许多用户不满意GNOME、Unity以及KDE的取向而正在寻找那些没有便宜常规太多的桌面。 +Cinnamon桌面环境是作为GNOME shell的分支开发的，目的在于提供一个简洁而保守的替代品用于替代当前提供的一切。许多用户不满意GNOME、Unity以及KDE的取向而正在寻找那些没有偏移常规太多的桌面。 有可能有别人会构建另外一个提供了所有所需软件包的PPA源，让Cinnamon能在即将发布的Ubuntu 14.10中正常工作，但可能性似乎不大。 @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ Cinnamon桌面环境是作为GNOME shell的分支开发的，目的在于提供 via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-Users-Will-No-Longer-Have-a-Cinnamon-PPA-443933.shtml -译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 999dac1f9bdb359b47d4d89b77fb443724636a6c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Wed, 28 May 2014 23:16:08 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 328/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=88=A0=E9=99=A4=E6=B5=8B=E8=AF=95?= =?UTF-8?q?=E6=96=87=E4=BB=B6?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...Enable Username On Indicator Panel In Ubuntu 14.04.md | 9 --------- 1 file changed, 9 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 translated/tech/Update Enable Username On Indicator Panel In Ubuntu 14.04.md diff --git a/translated/tech/Update Enable Username On Indicator Panel In Ubuntu 14.04.md b/translated/tech/Update Enable Username On Indicator Panel In Ubuntu 14.04.md deleted file mode 100644 index de34e16067..0000000000 --- a/translated/tech/Update Enable Username On Indicator Panel In Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9 +0,0 @@ -这是一个免费的MySQL客户端工具，基于浏览器，使用起来非常简单，其名称中的SIDU代表Select、Insert、Delete和Update操作，当然它能够完成更多的任务，支持火狐、IE、Opera、Safari和Chrome等浏览器，其界面体验酷似数据库前端软件图形化界面，支持MySQL、Postgres和SQLite数据库。 - -下载地址：http://downloads.sourceforge.net/sidu/sidu31.zip - -Navicat Lite MySQL Admin Tool - -Navicat是一个快速、可靠和通用的数据库管理工具，旨在简化数据库管理、降低管理成本，满足数据库管理员、开发人员和中小型企业的需要。Navicat具有一个非常直观的图形化界面，让你可以更安全、更简单的创建、组织、访问和共享信息。 - -Navicat for MySQL是一个强大的数据库管理和开发工具。它支持3.21及以上版本的所有MySQL数据库服务器，支持绝大多数最新的MySQL功夫能，其中包括触发器、存储过程、函数、事件、视图和管理用户等。Navicat Lite是针对非商业客户提供的免费下载 From 0eb4b1afba43d952c8f08b9747626674f2ccf7ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: tinyeyeser Date: Wed, 28 May 2014 23:53:19 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 329/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BA=A0=E6=AD=A3=E4=B8=80=E4=BA=9B?= =?UTF-8?q?=E9=94=99=E8=AF=AF=EF=BC=9B=E5=88=87=E6=96=AD=E4=B8=80=E4=BA=9B?= =?UTF-8?q?=E9=95=BF=E5=8F=A5=EF=BC=8C=E4=BF=AE=E6=94=B9=E4=B8=80=E4=BA=9B?= =?UTF-8?q?=E8=AF=AD=E5=8F=A5=E9=A1=BA=E5=BA=8F=EF=BC=8C=E4=BD=BF=E4=B9=8B?= =?UTF-8?q?=E6=9B=B4=E7=AC=A6=E5=90=88=E6=B1=89=E8=AF=AD=E4=B9=A0=E6=83=AF?= =?UTF-8?q?=E2=80=A6=E2=80=A6?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...hView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md | 30 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md b/translated/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md index 9d97e9f8fe..22e9bd215f 100644 --- a/translated/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md +++ b/translated/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md @@ -10,40 +10,40 @@ **托沃兹**：我差不多是个“鼠目寸光”的家伙，所以相对于那些更空洞的“大潮流”，我对技术中实在的新东西更感兴趣。 -我喜欢关注硬件公司生产的新产品，他们最新的芯片，而其中可能最能激励我的（因为毕竟我是个做软件的）是那些提出新的算法并开发出新的软件来利用这些新功能的人。 +我喜欢关注硬件公司生产的新产品，关注他们最新的芯片，而其中可能最能激励我的（因为毕竟我是个做软件的）是那些提出新的算法并开发出新的软件来利用这些新功能的人。 **TV**：那在当今科技中，什么真正让你感到恼火？它是怎么以及为什么让你生气？ **托沃兹**：我不会用生气这个词，但是如果真要说技术市场中有什么让人反感的，那就是对那些最令人瞩目的“领袖”们的赞美。 -这里，当然也包括我。我认为，整个的“个人崇拜”相当令人不安。而且，我很痛恨把我以及我所说的话看得太重。对于乔布斯，埃里森，盖茨，凡是你说得出的人来讲也一样。我希望更多的人能自己思考，并且意识到技术实际上来自遍布全球的那些默默无闻的伟大的工程师中的一员。 +这里，当然也包括我。我认为，整个的“个人崇拜”相当令人不安。而且，我很痛恨把我以及我所说的话看得太重。对于乔布斯，埃里森，盖茨等所谓的领袖，都是如此。我希望更多的人能自己思考，并且意识到技术实际上来自遍布全球的那些默默无闻的伟大工程师中的任意一员。 我理解人们想要并且需要一个焦点，而这种事也不仅仅发生在技术世界中（嘿，毫无疑问，我希望这事在技术世界中要发生得比娱乐行业来得少；），但是，这事仍然有点令人沮丧。 **TV**：你是怎么错过“申请终身许可证”的机会，而其它像Red Hat，SuSE等等却抓住了它？这是因为如果Linux不开源，它起初就不会成为Linux了吗？你能谈谈更多情况吗？你是否曾在此事上感到过后悔？ **托沃兹**：我当然不会因为任何事情后悔。我现在身在一个令人羡慕的位置上，我能干我喜欢的事情。而且，人们因此而尊重我。况且，我想要做的（而我已经做了）无偿工作也获得了酬劳。 -我想，很少有人会喜欢自己变得不同于众，那么让我来告诉你吧，这种感觉真不错。对于商业方面，我从来都不感兴趣。而且，对我来说，那些可以采用Linux并把它商用的人和公司只是做了我从没有动力做的事情。而这项工作需要人做，也很有益。因此，事实上我很感谢那些商业实体：它们让我能集中精力干我想干的那部分事情。 +我想，很少有人会喜欢自己变得与众不同，那么让我来告诉你吧，这种感觉真不错。对于商业方面，我从来都不感兴趣。而且，对我来说，那些可以采用Linux并把它商用的人和公司只是做了我从没有动力做的事情。而这项工作需要人做，也很有益。因此，事实上我很感谢那些商业实体：它们让我能集中精力干我想干的那部分事情。 **TV**：在当今的科技界，哪位是你尊敬的人？为什么？ -**托沃兹**：嗨！看看我对于整个“个人崇拜”的控诉吧。我只是并不对那种“让我们找个人并把他置于令人尊敬的地位上”的事情印象深刻。 +**托沃兹**：嗨！看看我对于整个“个人崇拜”的控诉吧。我只是对“让我们找个人并把他置于令人尊敬的地位上”这种事一点兴趣都没有。 所以，比起列出一些著名的人，我更乐意给出一些像是EFF这样的组织，这些组织（以及有时候只是观念和想法）不是要试着去穷其一生提升他们自己，而是试着去做一些实质性的事情来给予帮助，让技术工作在一个更大的蓝图中变得更好。 -在个人层面上，我更喜欢那些不把他们自己太当一回事而又在他们的本职工作上干得很好的人。如果一定要我说一些知名人士，我想我更愿意成为斯蒂芬·沃兹尼克那样的人，我想这也是我尊敬他的原因。 +在个人层面上，我更喜欢那些不把他们自己太当一回事，同时又在他们的本职工作上干得很好的人。如果一定要我说一些知名人士，我想我更愿意成为斯蒂芬·沃兹尼克那样的人，我想这也是我尊敬他的原因。 **TV**：照你估计，当谷歌和微软都实现了各自的诺言，他们之间会发生什么？胜者又为什么会胜出？ **托沃兹**：我不认为获胜的结果会和获胜的过程一样有趣。 -在整个谷歌和微软的竞争中，我真的不认为公司本身比起吸引了人们视线的技术环境中的变革更为有趣。这视线的焦点，从控制着单台机器上发生的事情的的公司，转移到了更多地关注着大量独立机器的整合的公司上。 +在整个谷歌和微软的竞争中，我真的不认为公司本身相比技术环境中那些吸引人们视线的变革更为有趣。这份竞争，已经从对单个计算机的控制，升级为对成千上万独立计算机的整合。 -**TV**：你会认为像科技灾难，互联网泡沫崩溃以及电信业崩盘这样的事为什么会发生？我们在今后怎样来防止它们再发生？ +**TV**：你认为像科技灾难、互联网泡沫崩溃以及电信业崩盘这样的事为什么会发生？我们在今后怎样来防止它们再发生？ **托沃兹**：实际上，我对此类事情持相反的看法，并且没有理由去“阻止它们反复”。 -我坚信着能够超越极限，但是我不太相信能够达到会完全稳定、并且百分百“正常”的状态。 +我坚信万物能够超越极限，但是我不太相信事物能够达到完全稳定、并且百分百“正常”的状态。 大量真正的进展在井喷似的发生，而后来成了被称为“夸大宣传”以及其它不讨好的事情的一部分。但在这件事上，太过努力去尝试变得稳定、无聊、不做蠢事，实在是与创造性的初衷相悖了。 @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ **TV**：技术在将来会怎样改变我们的生活？你会和其它领域的领军者们一起创建新技术吗，比如生物信息学？ -**托沃兹**：我个人的理论是，技术对我们的生活的改变没有我们构建技术来适应我们的生活来得多。 +**托沃兹**：我个人的理论是，技术对我们的生活的改变，远没有我们构建技术来适应我们的生活来得多。 这就是为什么你看不到飞行汽车等科幻小说中受欢迎的东西——但是相反，你却看到了利用技术来降低交易成本等，这类此前就存在、但不能大规模应用或者量身定制的事情（除了有时候为那些富得冒油的人做）。 @@ -61,21 +61,21 @@ 真正的改变发生在当某些事物变得如此廉价并且遍地都是让你的行为变得大不相同的时候。而在不同方面，这些行为上的改变要比技术本身来得更有趣。 -例如，互联网做真正做成了的一件事，是让你寻找并与志趣相投的人交流的成本降得更低。而且，我认为大量的真正的改变正是从人们无需付出太多努力就能找到其他和你对同一事物有相同兴趣的人的时候，他们的习惯因此而改变中得以体现。 +例如，互联网真正做成的一件事，是让你寻找并与志趣相投的人交流的成本降得更低。而且，我认为许多真正的改变正是来自于人们无需付出太多努力就能找到其他对同一事物有相同兴趣的人，他们的习惯因此而在改变中得以体现。 -因此，你发现了所有的这些专业兴趣小组，以及许多人正在花大量时间讨论最神秘的问题，他们刚刚发现这些问题很有趣——这些事，你在之前不一定能实际去做，因为那时真的很难找到和你在某些不同寻常的专业上志趣相投人并进行讨论。 +因此，你发现了所有的这些专业兴趣小组，许多人都在花大量时间讨论那些最神秘的问题，他们刚刚发现这些问题很有趣——这些事，你在之前不一定能实际去做，因为那时真的很难找到和你在某些不同寻常的专业上志趣相投人并进行讨论。 -而我认为那是生活真正改变的方式——不是因为任何新技术的出色的特性，而是因为完全是技术降低增量成本后的无意的副作用。 +而我认为那是生活真正改变的方式——不是因为任何新技术的出色特性，而完全是因为技术降低增量成本后的无意副作用。 **TV**：据你估计，当今科技界谁是举足轻重的人物？ -**托沃兹**：我想大量的技术是如何由消费市场推动，而不再是由军方或甚至是商业需求推动这一点很说明问题。我也常常认为公司正在做的许多貌似愚蠢的事情（特别是DRM）似乎正因为忽略了一个事实：任何技术上最重要的人，最终总是个“用户”。 +**托沃兹**：我想大量的技术由消费市场推动，而不再是由军方或商业需求推动这一点很说明问题。我也常常认为公司正在做的许多貌似愚蠢的事情（特别是DRM）似乎正因为忽略了一个事实：任何技术上最重要的人，最终总是“用户”。 因此，就我而言，我认为你的问题的答案是“用户”，或者叫“消费者”，而那个确实是最重要的部分，因为那个正是需求和实际商业成功的根源。 **TV**：请谈一些你个人的观点吧，比如宗教？政治？ -**托沃兹**：我完全是一个虔诚的——无神论者。我发现人们似乎认为宗教带给人道德和感激自然的情感。事实上我认为，它反而把这两方面都削弱了。它给人们理由来说“哦，自然刚被创立”，以及创世行为是神奇的事情。我欣赏着“哇，真让人难以置信，竟然首先发生了这样的事情。”这些事实。是啊，这在许多欧洲国家是一种讽刺，在那儿国家和国家宗教之间实际上具有法律约束力。 +**托沃兹**：我完全是一个虔诚的——无神论者。我发现人们似乎认为宗教带给人道德和感激自然的情感。事实上我认为，它反而把这两方面都削弱了。它给人们理由来说“哦，自然刚被创立”，以及创世行为是神奇的事情。我欣赏着“哇，真让人难以置信，竟然首先发生了这样的事情”。在许多欧洲国家，国家和宗教之间实际上具有法律约束力，是的，这正是一种讽刺。 我成了一位美国公民，并且我注册取得了在美国的投票权。我不支持任何政党，因为相当坦率地说，我的前进道路上有太多个人引以为豪的东西，不想和他们中的任何人有什么关联。 @@ -89,4 +89,4 @@ via: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/billrobinson/techview-linus-torvalds-i_b_5338 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 -[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds \ No newline at end of file +[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds From 26758c9a51c88af8fc9fbebb02cae568cc38ddc2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Thu, 29 May 2014 08:09:40 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 330/601] alim0x translating --- ...8 Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/20140528 Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md b/sources/talk/20140528 Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md index 06a46f4ee8..66ce6c822f 100644 --- a/sources/talk/20140528 Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md +++ b/sources/talk/20140528 Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +alim0x translating + Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3 – not smooth yet but promising ================================================================================ ![](http://www.muktware.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/surface_pro_3.jpg) @@ -21,4 +23,4 @@ via: http://www.muktware.com/2014/05/ubuntu-surface-pro-3-smooth-yet-promising/2 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [1]:http://www.microsoft.com/surface/en-us/products/surface-pro-3 -[2]:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRH-c2_kDA4 \ No newline at end of file +[2]:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRH-c2_kDA4 From 9a522889d5f2bb4ee3cd9f98bb41c7da08b0c51a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: shipsw Date: Thu, 29 May 2014 08:41:55 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 331/601] Update 20140528 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS--Major Application Updates.md Translating by shipsw --- .../20140528 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS--Major Application Updates.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/20140528 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS--Major Application Updates.md b/sources/talk/20140528 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS--Major Application Updates.md index ad6d808805..d6ed061f1d 100644 --- a/sources/talk/20140528 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS--Major Application Updates.md +++ b/sources/talk/20140528 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS--Major Application Updates.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +Translating by shipsw + Ubuntu 14.04 LTS: Major Application Updates ================================================================================ Over the last few weeks, we have been talking about the first new LTS version from Ubuntu in two years and some of the major changes to the operating system that you can expect to see once you take the plunge. Today, we are going to list some of the major applications available from the Ubuntu Software Center and the upgrades they have undergone since the last update to Ubuntu’s LTS OS. @@ -37,4 +39,4 @@ via:https://linuxacademy.com/blog/linux/ubuntu-14-04-lts-major-application-updat 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 9d5d31c9e7ad84e887764a868492d848d92af906 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Thu, 29 May 2014 13:27:32 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 332/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140529-1=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...Command Line Tuesdays--The Introductory.md | 54 +++ ... using ‘Nginx and Apache’ in Arch Linux.md | 375 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 429 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/20140529 Command Line Tuesdays--The Introductory.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140529 Install RainLoop Webmail (A Web Based Email Client) using ‘Nginx and Apache’ in Arch Linux.md diff --git a/sources/talk/20140529 Command Line Tuesdays--The Introductory.md b/sources/talk/20140529 Command Line Tuesdays--The Introductory.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..985e245d98 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20140529 Command Line Tuesdays--The Introductory.md @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +Command Line Tuesdays – The Introductory +================================================================================ +**Hi Geekos!** + +Today we’re introducing a new series, called ‘Command Line Tuesdays‘. Why command line Tuesdays? Because in this series, everyday computer enthusiasts like yours truly, will try to step a little out of bounds of the Graphical User Interface (GUI) Culture, which is today synonymous to ‘making stuff easier for the masses‘. + +Of course, if you visited any of the GNU/Linux related community forums, you’ve probably read, and this is an assumption, a very fiery debate over which is actually easier. Using GUI for everything, or simply learning and enjoying the Command-line Interface (CLI). + +![Terminal](http://sholva.org/assets/images/blog/2009/review-opensuse-11.2/opensuse-terminal.png) +Terminal + +There are many arguments for or against the use of GUI tools. One of the most commonly referred pros is that we’ve been brought up in the point-and-click computing paradigm, so it’s basically a form of a language, or culture if you may, in which we interact with our machine. The patterns are mostly recurring, with big button clicking doing everything we need it to do. + +On the other side, one of the most interesting comments I’ve read about the pros of command-line was: you can simply do more via the command-line much quicker, easier and faster than when using GUI tools. But there’s a catch: you have to learn the commands. Yes, learn them, as if learning a poem. +Now, since to us, the semi-indoctrinated clueless users, it all sounds like some useless geek overreaching and overdoing, let me humanize it with a fable: + +### The Fable ### + +I’ve been using Linux for more then 3 years now. I’m a 27 year old literature major, who never held much of an interest in technology of any sort. I didn’t even own a computer until I was in high-school, so let’s say somewhere around 17. That’s barely ten years of computer usage. The only three programs I ever ran were BS Player, Winamp and Football Manager, with occasional usage of MS Word. Three and bit years ago, a colleague at a precarious job I was performing at the time was talking to another coworker, saying there’s a new edition of something which immediately occupied my attention, as it looked different. It was Ubuntu’s Natty Narwhal, I think. After discussing it with him, he pointed out the usual pros we gospel to the newcomers, no antivirus necessary, faster boot, better security, software center blah blah blah, and the peak of it: Free and Open Source (FOSS) philosophy behind it. And he did it in a very non-invasive, non fanboyish manner. + +I decided to give it a go, and I never turned back since then. How I got into openSUSE around the 11.4 release, shortly after trying out Ubuntu for the first time is going to have to fit in another time, and how I find it to be the perfect sweet spot is a whole different story. The point is, I finally entered the Linux realm. It was fun, it was different, it made my computer run better, it was more stable. I barely had issues with it (seems I not-knowingly purchased fairly orthodox hardware). It seems that Linux came really far regarding the desktop, so I barely had to use the terminal. But let’s just say it was one of the most dreadful, terrifying and horrific tools to use in Linux. If there wasn’t a GUI for a specific operation, I immediately became nervous as I didn’t know what I was getting into when copy/pasting commands from the forums. +After time, things changed. As opposed to other consumer-oriented systems, what happened to me was maybe somewhat of a human reverse-engineering. Instead of me consuming the system, I feel that in three years, the system consumed me. I learned how to search for basic issues, file bug reports, properly ask questions on forums. With every issue I had, I learned how to be better at providing the information needed for someone more competent to help me with my problem. + +A short while ago, my girlfriend commented how she can’t believe I’m using my computer mostly for the sake of using the computer, rather than doing anything else. ‘You use it only for your music collection and Linux thingies, Nenad. Gaawd.’ It made me think, and think hard. Linux, specifically the openSUSE distro has become a hobby of mine. Not at an expert level, by any means, which is reasonable since it isn’t my area of expertise. But I know enough to get around, fix minor issues, play around with some configuration files etc. But what I came to know, is that with my increasing playing and tinkering around the system, I really need to get familiar with CLI. I learned that I’m playing around without knowing of the basics under the hood. What for crying out loud is ETC?!?!? What’s BIN? Why is there .sh at the end? Why is this file here, and this file there? Why do I have to click through gazillion of folders to find the right file to modify? Then I read you can easily list all the files somewhere with a single command. It became interesting. I suddenly felt an urge to try it out. + +### So Let’s Do It! ### + +…and here we are. As a new openSUSE news contributor, I’ll try to contribute in a way I see productive for what I suppose is a large portion of the community. It’s time to plant the banner and start learning the command-line together. If philosophy is what attracted you to Linux and openSUSE, like me, it got you this far. Now it’s time to take a step further. + +![](http://beerepiphany.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/pinky_brain.jpg) + +Look, I know there’s a bunch of you like me out there. I know you maybe don’t see the point in all that 90′s geeky black-screen-green-letters-quick-typing-make-everything-go-boom thing. But it’s useful in many aspects. We’ll learn in a fun and communal way which directories are for what, what files are located where, most commonly used terminal commands. It will make our lives easier when we learn to perform tasks through the console, make it even more rewarding when we run into issues. It will also make the lives of bug-squashers easier when they receive proper information from our end, and it will make our hobby infinitely more fun. +I mean, for crying out loud, you’ve already made a transition to a phase where Dilbert and xkcd are actually funny. It’s time for the terminal! + +P.S.: + +Reference material that will be used: William Shotts – The Linux Command Line and a short tutorial on most commonly used commands by a Croatian hacker Velimir Baksa aka Lutherus. Requirements on your part: +- An hour or two of spare time weekly +– A pint of cold beer or any other beverage +– Someone already pointed out that using [Gedit][1], or a manual notepad (you know, pen and paper hehe) would be good for easier learning. + +The book by Mr Shotts is exquisite. But there’s probably an issue of time/will-power etc. This way, I’ll try to humanize the lessons a bit more, take some time off your hands, and what’s most important – I count on us learning together, helping each other together (Comments and Forums, people!!) and tying a close-knit openSUSE community! This time next week (it will be June already!), we’ll learn our first commands. And remember… + +**…have a lot of fun!** + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.opensuse.org/2014/05/27/command-line-tuesdays-the-introductory/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://software.opensuse.org/package/gedit \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/20140529 Install RainLoop Webmail (A Web Based Email Client) using ‘Nginx and Apache’ in Arch Linux.md b/sources/tech/20140529 Install RainLoop Webmail (A Web Based Email Client) using ‘Nginx and Apache’ in Arch Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..eeb5af21bb --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140529 Install RainLoop Webmail (A Web Based Email Client) using ‘Nginx and Apache’ in Arch Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,375 @@ +Install RainLoop Webmail (A Web Based Email Client) using ‘Nginx and Apache’ in Arch Linux +================================================================================ +Rainloop is a free Open Source web application written in PHP which provides a fast modern web interface to access your emails on all major domain mail providers like Yahoo, Gmail, Outlook and many others as well as your own local mail servers, and, also, acts as a MUA (Mail User Agent) by accessing domain mail servers through IMAP and SMTP protocols. + +#### RainLoop Demo #### + +Have a quick look at the demo page setup by the author at [http://demo.rainloop.net/][1]. + +![Install RainLoop in Arch Linux](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux.jpg) +Install RainLoop in Arch Linux + +Once you have deployed Rainloop on your servers the only thing remaining to do is to access your Rainloop domain through a web browser and provide credentials for your enabled domain mail server. + +This tutorial covers **Rainloop** webmail installation process on **Arch Linux** from both point of view configuration files for **Apache** and **Nginx**, using a virtual local domain configured through local hosts file, without a DNS server. + +If you also need references on installing Rainloop on **Debian** and **Red Hat** systems visit the previous RainLoop Webmail article at. + +- [Install RainLoop Webmail on Debian and Red Hat based Systems][2] + +### Requirements ### + +#### For Nginx #### + +- [Install LEMP (Nginx, PHP, MySQL with MariaDB engine and PhpMyAdmin) in Arch Linux][3] +- [Create Virtual Hosts in Nginx Web Server][4] + +#### For Apache #### + +- [Install LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL/MariaDB, and PHP/PhpMyAdmin) in Arch Linux][5] + +### Step 1: Create Virtual Hosts for Nginx or Apache ### + +**1.** Assuming that you have configured your servers (**Nginx** or **Apache**) as described in upper presentations links, the first thing you need to do is to create a rudimentary **DNS** entry on local **hosts** file that points to **Arch Linux** system IP. + +On Linux system edit **/etc/hosts** file and include your Rainloop virtual domain after localhost entry. + + 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost rainloop.lan + 192.168.1.33 rainloop.lan + +![Add Domain Host Entry](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-01.jpg) +Add Domain Host Entry + +On Windows system edit **C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts** and add the following line at the bottom. + + 192.168.1.33 rainloop.lan + +**2.** After you verify local domain using **ping** command, create the necessary **Virtual Hosts** and **SSL** configurations for **Apache** or **Nginx**. + +#### Nginx Virtual Hosts #### + +Create a file named **rainloop.lan** in **/etc/nginx/sites-available/** path with the following configuration. + + $ sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/rainloop.conf + +Add the following file content. + + server { + listen 80; + server_name rainloop.lan; + + rewrite ^ https://$server_name$request_uri? permanent; + access_log /var/log/nginx/rainloop.lan.access.log; + error_log /var/log/nginx/rainloop.lan.error.log; + root /srv/www/rainloop/; + + # serve static files + location ~ ^/(images|javascript|js|css|flash|media|static)/ { + root /srv/www/rainloop/; + expires 30d; + } + + location / { + index index.html index.htm index.php; + autoindex on; + autoindex_exact_size off; + autoindex_localtime on; + } + + location ^~ /data { + deny all; + } + + location ~ \.php$ { + #fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; (depending on your php-fpm socket configuration) + fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock; + fastcgi_index index.php; + include fastcgi.conf; + } + } + +Then create the SSL equivalent file content. + + $ sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/rainloop-ssl.conf + +Add the following file content. + + server { + listen 443 ssl; + server_name rainloop.lan; + + ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/rainloop.lan.crt; + ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/rainloop.lan.key; + ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m; + ssl_session_timeout 5m; + ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; + ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; + + access_log /var/log/nginx/rainloop.lan.access.log; + error_log /var/log/nginx/rainloop.lan.error.log; + + root /srv/www/rainloop/; + + # serve static files + location ~ ^/(images|javascript|js|css|flash|media|static)/ { + root /srv/www/rainloop/; + expires 30d; + } + + location ^~ /data { + deny all; + } + + location / { + index index.html index.htm index.php; + autoindex on; + autoindex_exact_size off; + autoindex_localtime on; + } + + location ~ \.php$ { + #fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; (depending on your php-fpm socket configuration) + fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock; + fastcgi_index index.php; + include fastcgi.conf; + } + } + +On the next step generate **Certificate** file and **Keys** for **SSL Virtual Host** and add your virtual domain name (**rainloop.lan**) on Certificate **Common Name**. + + $ sudo nginx_gen_ssl.sh + +![Generate Certificate and Keys](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-04.jpg\) +Generate Certificate and Keys + +After the Certificate and SSL keys are generated, create Rainloop **root** webserver file path ( place where Rainloop PHP files reside), then enable Virtual Hosts and restart Nginx daemon to apply configurations. + + $ sudo mkdir -p /srv/www/rainloop + $ sudo n2ensite rainloop + $ sudo n2ensite rainloop-ssl + $ sudo systemctl restart nginx + +![Create RainLoop Web Director](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-05.jpg) +Create RainLoop Web Director + +#### Apache Virtual Hosts #### + +Create a new file named **rainloop.conf** in **/etc/httpd/conf/sites-available/** with the following content. + + $ sudo nano /etc/httpd/conf/sites-available/rainloop.conf + +Add the following file content. + + + ServerName rainloop.lan + DocumentRoot "/srv/www/rainloop/" + ServerAdmin you@example.com + ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/rainloop-error_log" + TransferLog "/var/log/httpd/rainloop-access_log" + + + Options +Indexes +FollowSymLinks +ExecCGI + AllowOverride All + Order deny,allow + Allow from all + Require all granted + + + + +![Create Apache Virtual Host](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-06.jpg) +Create Apache Virtual Host + +Then create the SSL equivalent file content for Apache. + + $ sudo nano /etc/httpd/conf/sites-available/rainloop-ssl.conf + +Add the following file content. + + + ServerName rainloop.lan + DocumentRoot "/srv/www/rainloop/" + ServerAdmin you@example.com + ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/rainloop-ssl-error_log" + TransferLog "/var/log/httpd/rainloop-ssl-access_log" + + SSLEngine on + SSLCertificateFile "/etc/httpd/conf/ssl/rainloop.lan.crt" + SSLCertificateKeyFile "/etc/httpd/conf/ssl/rainloop.lan.key" + + + SSLOptions +StdEnvVars + + + BrowserMatch "MSIE [2-5]" \ + nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \ + downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0 + + CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/ssl_request_log" \ + "%t %h %{SSL_PROTOCOL}x %{SSL_CIPHER}x \"%r\" %b" + + + Options +Indexes +FollowSymLinks +ExecCGI + AllowOverride All + Order deny,allow + Allow from all + Require all granted + + + + +The next step is to create **SSL Certificate** file and **Keys** for **SSL Virtual Host** and add put your virtual domain name (**rainloop.lan**) on Certificate **Common Name**. + + $ sudo apache_gen_ssl + +![Create SSL Certificate and Keys](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-07.jpg) +Create SSL Certificate and Keys + +![Enter Organization Details](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-08.jpg) +Enter Organization Details + +After the Certificate and SSL keys are created, add Rainloop **DocumentRoot** path, then enable Virtual Hosts and restart Apache daemon to apply configurations. + + $ sudo mkdir -p /srv/www/rainloop + $ sudo a2ensite rainloop + $ sudo a2ensite rainloop-ssl + $ sudo systemctl restart httpd + +![Enable Virtual Hosts](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-09.jpg) +Enable Virtual Hosts + +### Step 2: Add necessary PHP Extensions ### + +**3.** Whether you are using **Apache** or **Nginx** webserver, you need to enable the following PHP extensions on **php.ini** file and, also, include the new webserver **DocumentRoot** path to open_basedir directive. + + $ sudo nano /etc/php/php.ini + +Locate and uncomment the following PHP extensions. + + extension=iconv.so + extension=imap.so + extension=mcrypt.so + extension=mssql.so + extension=mysqli.so + extension=openssl.so ( enables IMAPS and SMTP SSL protocols on mail servers) + extension=pdo_mysql.so + +Also open_basedir statement should look like this. + + open_basedir = /srv/http/:/home/:/tmp/:/usr/share/pear/:/usr/share/webapps/:/etc/webapps/:/srv/www/ + +**4.** After the **php.ini** file was modified restart your server than check **phpinfo** file to see if **SSL** protocols are enabled. + + ----------On Apache Web Server---------- + $ sudo systemctl restart httpd + +---------- + + ----------On Nginx Web Server---------- + $ sudo systemctl restart nginx + $ sudo systemctl restart php-fpm + +![Check PHP Information](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-10.png) +Check PHP Information + +### Step 3: Download and Install RainLoop Webmail ### + +**5.** Now it’s time to download and extract Rainloop application from official website to Document Root directory but first install **wget** and **unzip** system utilities. + + $ sudo pacman -S unzip wget + +**6.** Download latest source package Rainloop zip archive using **wget** command or by using a browser to navigate to [http://rainloop.net/downloads/][6]. + + $ wget http://repository.rainloop.net/v1/rainloop-latest.zip + +![Download RainLoop Package](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-11.png) +Download RainLoop Package + +**7.** After the download process finishes, extract Rainloop archive to Virtual Host Document Root path ( **/srv/www/rainloop/** ). + + $ sudo unzip rainloop-latest.zip -d /srv/www/rainloop/ + +![Extract Rainloop Archive](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-12.png) +Extract Rainloop Archive + +**8.** Then set the following permissions on application default path. + + $ sudo chmod -R 755 /srv/www/rainloop/ + $ sudo chown -R http:http /srv/www/rainloop/ + +![Set Permission on RainLoop](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-13.jpg) +Set Permission on RainLoop + +### Step 4: Configure Rainloop via Web Interface ### + +**9.** Rainloop application can be configured in two ways: using a system shell of via browser. If you want to configure over terminal open and edit **application.ini** file located in **/srv/www/rainloop/data/_data_da047852f16d2bc7352b24240a2f1599/_default_/configs/**. + +**10.** To access Admin Interface from browser, use the following URL address **https://rainloop.lan/?admin**, then provide the default application credentials. + + User= admin + Password= 12345 + +![Rainloop Web Interface](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-14.png) +Rainloop Web Interface + +**11.** After initial login you will be warn to change the default password, so I advise you to do it. + +![Change Default Password](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-15.png) +Change Default Password + +![Set New Admin Password](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-16.png) +Set New Admin Password + +**12.** If you want to enable **contacts** login to MySQL database and create a new database with a privileged user on it, then provide database credentials on **Contacts** fields. + + mysql -u root -p + create database if not exists rainloop; + create user rainloop_user@localhost identified by “password”; + grant all privileges on rainloop.* to rainloop_user@localhost; + flush privileges; + exit; + +![Enable Contacts in RainLoop](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-17.png) +Enable Contacts in RainLoop + +![Enter Contact Database Details](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-18.png) +Enter Contact Database Details + +**13.** By default Rainloop provides **Gmail**, **Yahoo** and **Outlook** domains mail server configuration files, but you can add other mail server domains if you like. + +![Default Mail Domains](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-19.png) +Default Mail Domains + +![Add New Domain](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-20.png) +Add New Domain + +**14.** To login on your mail server point your browser to **https://rainloop.lan** and provide your domain server credentials. + +![Login to Mail Domain](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-21.png) +Login to Mail Domain + +![Login to Gmail Domain](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-22.png) +Login to Gmail Domain + +![RainLoop Email Interface](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-23.png) +RainLoop Email Interface + +For further configurations please visit official Rainloop documentation page at [http://rainloop.net/docs/][7]. + +With Rainloop you can access mail servers from any device that has a browser as long as your server has Internet connectivity, the only minus of using Rainloop application in Arch Linux so far is the lack of poppassd plugin package needed to change email account password. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.tecmint.com/install-rainloop-webmail-in-arch-linux/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://demo.rainloop.net/ +[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/rainloop-webmail-a-modern-fast-web-based-email-client-for-linux/ +[3]:http://www.tecmint.com/install-nginx-php-mysql-with-mariadb-engine-and-phpmyadmin-in-arch-linux/ +[4]:http://www.tecmint.com/create-virtual-hosts-using-nginx-on-arch-linux/ +[5]:http://www.tecmint.com/install-lamp-in-arch-linux/ +[6]:http://rainloop.net/downloads/ +[7]:http://rainloop.net/docs/ \ No newline at end of file From 2aea1f6a85c9b8119cf2cecb3edff58411176e34 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Thu, 29 May 2014 13:30:29 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 333/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140529-1=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= =?UTF-8?q?=E6=94=B9=E5=90=8D=EF=BC=8C=E9=81=BF=E5=85=8D=E5=87=BA=E7=8E=B0?= =?UTF-8?q?=E6=96=87=E4=BB=B6=E5=90=8D=E9=97=AE=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...Web Based Email Client) using 'Nginx and Apache' in Arch Linux.md} | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename sources/tech/{20140529 Install RainLoop Webmail (A Web Based Email Client) using ‘Nginx and Apache’ in Arch Linux.md => 20140529 Install RainLoop Webmail (A Web Based Email Client) using 'Nginx and Apache' in Arch Linux.md} (100%) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140529 Install RainLoop Webmail (A Web Based Email Client) using ‘Nginx and Apache’ in Arch Linux.md b/sources/tech/20140529 Install RainLoop Webmail (A Web Based Email Client) using 'Nginx and Apache' in Arch Linux.md similarity index 100% rename from sources/tech/20140529 Install RainLoop Webmail (A Web Based Email Client) using ‘Nginx and Apache’ in Arch Linux.md rename to sources/tech/20140529 Install RainLoop Webmail (A Web Based Email Client) using 'Nginx and Apache' in Arch Linux.md From 778e7a503600b07a918f1be8cfa0e552a882e563 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: shipsw Date: Thu, 29 May 2014 13:53:55 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 334/601] Delete 20140528 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS--Major Application Updates.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 删除文章 --- ...tu 14.04 LTS--Major Application Updates.md | 42 ------------------- 1 file changed, 42 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/talk/20140528 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS--Major Application Updates.md diff --git a/sources/talk/20140528 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS--Major Application Updates.md b/sources/talk/20140528 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS--Major Application Updates.md deleted file mode 100644 index d6ed061f1d..0000000000 --- a/sources/talk/20140528 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS--Major Application Updates.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -Translating by shipsw - -Ubuntu 14.04 LTS: Major Application Updates -================================================================================ -Over the last few weeks, we have been talking about the first new LTS version from Ubuntu in two years and some of the major changes to the operating system that you can expect to see once you take the plunge. Today, we are going to list some of the major applications available from the Ubuntu Software Center and the upgrades they have undergone since the last update to Ubuntu’s LTS OS. - -### Major Utilities and Tool Updates ### - -In addition to the myriad major desktop application updates (which we will cover in the next section), there are a HUGE number of other utilities and tools that have received pretty major updates since the last LTS version a bit over two years ago. Let’s talk about a few: - -- **Xen 4.4** - This is a pretty major upgrade to Xen which is included with Ubuntu at this point. The most noticeable change to anyone who uses it will likely be that it no longer supports 32bit only CPUs (although 32bit client operating system support is still in place). This shouldn’t be a big deal since any modern processor in the last six or so years is 64bit, but it may mean that some people using Ubuntu on older servers or old laptops may need to be aware that Xen will no longer support their CPU family. -- **QEMU 2.0** I include this here since along with Xen, there are some changes to it. Notably, guests created in KVM cannot be migrated to this version from previous Ubuntu 12.04 LTS installations nor can their snapshots be restored on 14.04 LTS. Additionally, emulated support for the arm64 binaries has been added. -- **MySQL** Although MySQL 5.5 is still the default standard, you can install Percona, MariaDB or MySQL 5.6 from the standard repositories. I have to confess a little surprise that Ubuntu has not jumped the MySQL ship to MariaDB like every other major distribution has already done (or plans to do), but it is still the default. Hedging their bets on a relationship with Oracle is my best guess at this point. -- **Apache 2.4 and PHP 5.5** A little surprised at the jump to Apache 2.4 which continues to struggle a bit for acceptance since 2.2 has been so rock solid for so long, but I am glad to see a major desktop distribution jump on board. PHP has needed an update for some time and has been available in the channels at PHP 5.5 since 12.04 LTS, but now it is the official installed version. NOTE: If you are running some older CMS platforms (cough, cough – DRUPAL), you may have some issues with that upgrade you have to be aware of, so check your documentation. - -### Software Center: Desktop Application Upgrades ### - -In short, there are quite a few major updates and changes to the major desktop applications available in the Software Center (as well there should be considering it has been two years since the last LTS release). The most visible applications you will notice are: - -- Google Chrome 33 -- Firefox 28 -- Nautilus 3.10 -- The Gimp – 2.8 -- KDE 4.13 (For the Best Linux Desktop in My Opinion) - -Although I didn’t mention it above, LibreOffice 4.2.3.3 is now the default office suite and it looks fantastic (see for yourself below): - -![Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Libre Office Upgrade](https://linuxacademy.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/newlibreoffice4233.png) - -Final Thoughts -All in all, the Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Desktop has been a fairly smooth transition from 12.04 (unless you are unlucky enough to run the very latest NVidia video cards – their Linux proprietary drivers have been hit and miss with the 780GTX or Titan chipsets). - -In the next few posts, I will be diving into a few more technical details about some of the monitor/display changes (high resolution monitor owners rejoice) as well as giving an early preview (in a virtual machine because I am not crazy) of Mir – the Xwindows desktop replacement server. If you have anything else you would like covered, drop a note in the comments and we will see you back right here next week! - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via:https://linuxacademy.com/blog/linux/ubuntu-14-04-lts-major-application-updates/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 85d2e7a8f4c4515db91b0472e82c7eb1e9d190a3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: shipsw Date: Thu, 29 May 2014 13:55:23 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 335/601] Create Ubuntu 14.04 LTS: Major Application Updates.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 翻译完毕 --- ...tu 14.04 LTS: Major Application Updates.md | 43 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 43 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS: Major Application Updates.md diff --git a/translated/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS: Major Application Updates.md b/translated/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS: Major Application Updates.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fa30df2e43 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS: Major Application Updates.md @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +Ubuntu 14.04 LTS: 主要程序更新 +================================================================================ +过去几周我们已经讨论过 Ubuntu 的第一个LTS新版本在过去两年内在操作系统方面的主要更新。今天我们将要列出 Ubuntu 应用程序商店中自从上一个 LTS 版本以来主要的应用程序更新。 + +### 主要的程序和工具更新 ### + +除了大量桌面应用程序更新(下一节讨论)外，两年以来大量的其他程序和工具都有了非常不错的更新。以下讨论其中的一部分： + +- **Xen 4.4** + 对于 Ubuntu 内置 Xen 这是一个重大更新。最显著的变化就是它不再支持纯32位的 CPU 了(虽然还继续支持32位操作系统)。这不应该是一个大问题，因为过去六年以来大多数CPU都是64位的。但是这意味着那些还在老服务器或笔记本上使用 Ubuntu 的人需要知道 Xen 将不再支持他们的CPU了。 + +- **QEMU 2.0** 紧接着 Xen 后面介绍 QEMU ，因为为了适应 Xen，QEMU做了些调整。最主要的影响是在 KVM 中创建的虚拟机无法从以前的 Ubuntu 12.04 迁移到这个版本，并且快照也无法恢复。另外，加入了对 arm64 的二进制虚拟。 +- **MySQL** 尽管默认安装的是 MySQL 5.5，但是也可以从标准库中安装 Percona, MariaDB 或者 MySQL 5.6。惊喜的是，不想其他的软件发布库，Ubuntu 并没有将数据库换成MariaDB ，继续默认安装。估计是和甲骨文维持了比较好的关系。 + +- **Apache 2.4 and PHP 5.5** 有点意外的是 Apache 升级到了2.4版本，毕竟2.2版本已经稳定使用了太久了。但我还是乐意看到 Apache 发布了桌面版。PHP 早在 12.04 LTS 就可以升级到 PHP 5.5 ，新版系统将其默认安装了。注意：如果你使用的是一些老板 CMS 平台 (cough, cough – DRUPAL), 在升级过程中可能得做一些调整，具体请参考文档。 + +### 软件中心：桌面应用程序升级 ### + +简单来说，软件中心的主要几个软件都有许多重大更新(比较距离上个版本已经有两年的时间了)。最明显的软件更新如下： + +- Google Chrome 33 +- Firefox 28 +- Nautilus 3.10 +- The Gimp – 2.8 +- KDE 4.13 (我觉得是最好的桌面软件) + +上面虽然没提，办公套件已经预装了 LibreOffice 4.2.3.3 ，看起来棒极了，不信自己看： + +![Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Libre Office Upgrade](https://linuxacademy.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/newlibreoffice4233.png) + +总结 +总之，Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 成功的从 12.04 平滑过渡过来了。除非你运气太差，使用了最新版本的 NVidia 显卡(使用 780GTX 或 Titan芯片的 Linux 专用驱动并没有集成到系统中)。 + +以下的几篇文章中，我将深入了解有关显示器和显卡的更多的技术细节(高分辨率显示器更好)，同时对 Mir(Xwindows 桌面替换软件) 做一个早期预览测试(当然是在虚拟机环境中)。如果你还有其他想知道的，在评论栏里留言，我们下周见！ + + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via:https://linuxacademy.com/blog/linux/ubuntu-14-04-lts-major-application-updates/ + +译者：[shipsw](https://github.com/shipsw) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 054e0a020dc080e96de669e5017eaf3369625076 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Thu, 29 May 2014 14:59:32 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 336/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9ABuilding=20A?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Raspberry=20Pi=20VPN=20Part=20Two--Creating=20An=20Encrypted?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Client=20Side?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @ThomazL 发布了! --- ... Two--Creating An Encrypted Client Side.md | 141 ++++++++++++++++ ... Two--Creating An Encrypted Client Side.md | 150 ------------------ 2 files changed, 141 insertions(+), 150 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/Building A Raspberry Pi VPN Part Two--Creating An Encrypted Client Side.md delete mode 100644 translated/tech/Building A Raspberry Pi VPN Part Two--Creating An Encrypted Client Side.md diff --git a/published/Building A Raspberry Pi VPN Part Two--Creating An Encrypted Client Side.md b/published/Building A Raspberry Pi VPN Part Two--Creating An Encrypted Client Side.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3aed6f5137 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/Building A Raspberry Pi VPN Part Two--Creating An Encrypted Client Side.md @@ -0,0 +1,141 @@ +在树莓派上建立VPN（二）：建立加密客户端 +================================================================================ +![](http://readwrite.com/files/styles/1400_0/public/fields/Rasberry-Pi_3red.jpg) +> 你已经成功搭建了一个工作中的VPN服务器! 现在该干什么了? + +欢迎来到ReadWrite的树莓派VPN搭建教程的第二部分! + +到现在为止，显然我们已经搞定了将你的树莓派变成了一个虚拟私人网络这个工作。随着[未来安全漏洞对互联网生活的妥协][1]，你会觉得在你的身边拥有一个安全的服务器越来越有必要了。只有这样，你才可以不用担心有人在你的电脑和互联网之间传输信息时被拦截，可以自由自在地写邮件以及传输数据了。 + +[如果你看过此教程的第一部分][2]，你应该已经在你的树莓派上配置好了一个全功能的VPN服务器了。你可以在使用免费WiFi时用这个服务器来传输加密信息了。你也可以访问保存在你家里网络中共享的文件以及媒体。 + +不过，你现在还无法访问。我们现在已经为客户端(计算机和移动设备)创建了访问的密钥，但是我们还没有告诉客户端服务器的访问地址、如何连接、以及用什么密钥访问。 + +你应该记得，我们已经为需要连接VPN的不同客户端创建了不同的密钥。我们将客户端命名为 Client1、 Client2 和 Client3等。 + +但是为每个客户端从零单独生成一个配置文件会造成很多不必要的麻烦，这就是为什么我们需要使用[SANS institute][3]的Eric Jodoin写的巧妙的脚本。这个脚本会帮助我们生成那些配置文件。 + +### 跟随脚本 ### + +这个脚本会访问我们的默认设置，从而为每一个客户端生成各自的配置文件。我们需要做的第一件事是，创建一个空的文本文档并写入我们的默认配置，以便脚本读取。 + + nano /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/Default.txt + +在空白文件中写入如下配置: + + client + dev tun + proto udp + remote <你的公网ip地址> 1194 + resolv-retry infinite + nobind + persist-key + persist-tun + mute-replay-warnings + ns-cert-type server + key-direction 1 + cipher AES-128-CBC + comp-lzo + verb 1 + mute 20 + +这个文档应该看起来和下面的截屏差不多，除了你应该填入你自己的公网ip地址之外。你注意到了我已经把我的公网ip删除了，当然这是为了保护我的隐私。相对而言，每个人的本地静态ip则都差不多，他们通常都以 "192.168." 起头。 + +![](http://readwrite.com/files/Screen%20Shot%202014-04-10%20at%2011.14.04%20AM.png) + +如果你没有一个静态的公网ip的话，你需要使用动态DNS服务来给你自己一个域名来代替公网ip。我建议你使用免费服务[DNS Dynamic][4]，它允许你取一个自己选择的名字。然后在你的树莓派上，你需要运行DDclient来自动更新你的DDNS注册信息。我在[这里][5]写过一篇完整的教程。 + +同样，按 Control+X 来保存文件并推出nano。 + +接下来，我们需要创建一个要用到的脚本。这个可执行脚本通常从shell中启动，可以自动化一些我们需要做的工作。 + + nano /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/MakeOPVN.sh + +[这里][6]是脚本文件，它由Jodoin编写。将内容复制粘贴至编辑器(注意一下复制粘贴中产生的问题)。 + +你需要将执行权限赋予给这个脚本。首先改变所在目录： + + cd /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/ + +然后只让root有访问权限。如果你还记得第一部分教程的内容的话，Linux中的权限管理由[不同的3位数字][7]代表。700表示"所有者可以读、写、执行"。 + + chmod 700 MakeOPVN.sh + +最后，执行文件： + + ./MakeOPVN.sh + +在脚本运行途中，他会要求你输入现有的客户端名称。例如： "Client1"。注意只输入已经存在的客户端名称。 + +如果一切正常的话，你应该会看到下面这行字弹出： + + Done! Client1.opvn Successfully Created. + +为剩下的客户端都重复执行这一步。 + +最后要做的事是将客户端连上树莓派，然后你就可以让客户端下载这些配置文件了。你需要使用一个SCP (Secure Copy Protocol)客户端来实现它。在Windows中，我推荐[WinSCP][8]。而我在mac中一直使用[Fugu][9]。 + +注意：如果你没有连接SCP客户端的权限，你需要为自己授权在此文件夹的读/写的权限。回到树莓派中输入： + + chmod 777 -R /etc/openvpn + +注意在你复制完文件后要取消这一步，以防止其他人从这里下载文件！完成之后将权限改为[600][10]， 仅让 用户 pi 能读/写文件： + + chmod 600 -R /etc/openvpn + +完成后回到客户端. + +### 使用客户端软件 ### + +好了，困难的部分都结束了。从这里开始我们需要将之前生成的脚本输入到客户端的图形用户界面。对PC、Android或者iOS手机来说，你可以下载[OpenVPN Connect][11]。但是这个软件没有mac版，所以我尝试了[Tunnelblick][12]和[Viscosity][13]。 + +Tunnelblick 是免费的，但是Viscosity在免费30天试用之后需要9美刀来购买。不管怎么样，我们来尝试下将mac连入我们的服务器吧。 + +在我的情况下，mac是我第5个连接VPN的客户端，所以我生成的文件名叫做client5.opvn。 + +下载可以在你的OS X版本下运行的Tunnelblick。我在使用Mavericks，所以我下载了[beta][14]版。虽然这个软件有很多我看起来搞笑的对话框弹出，但是我下载的可不是盗版。 + +![](http://readwrite.com/files/Screen%20Shot%202014-04-10%20at%2011.37.36%20AM.png) + +接着它会问你是否有了配置文件，我当然已经有了：Cientt.opvn。 + +![](http://readwrite.com/files/Screen%20Shot%202014-04-10%20at%2011.37.58%20AM.png) + +然后它会问你，你的配置文件是.opvn或.tblk。如果你选择了.opvn它会帮你将文件格式转换成Tunnelblick自己的格式。我把Client5.opvn放到Tunnelblick指定的文件夹，然后把文件夹的名字改为了Client5.tblk。 + +好啦，你已经可以连接了。点击屏幕右上方Tunnelblick的标志然后选择Client5。 + +![](http://readwrite.com/files/Screen%20Shot%202014-04-10%20at%2011.40.04%20AM.png) + +它会让你输入密码，这个密码就是上篇中我们生成各个客户端时使用的密码。 + +![](http://readwrite.com/files/Screen%20Shot%202014-04-10%20at%2011.42.33%20AM.png) + +如果你密码输入正确，看起来就会如上图。 + +尝试在咖啡厅, 图书馆或任何有免费WiFi的地方连接VPN。通过使用VPN，即使你连接的是公共网络，你的数据仍然是安全的。 + +插图和截屏来自于ReadWrite。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://readwrite.com/2014/04/11/building-a-raspberry-pi-vpn-part-two-creating-an-encrypted-client-side + +译者：[ThomazL](https://github.com/ThomazL) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://readwrite.com/2014/04/10/heartbleed-security-protect-yourself-data-passwords +[2]:http://linux.cn/article-3105-1.html +[3]:http://www.sans.org/ +[4]:https://www.dnsdynamic.org/ +[5]:http://readwrite.com/2014/04/09/raspberry-pi-projects-ssh-remote-desktop-static-ip-tutorial +[6]:https://gist.github.com/laurenorsini/10013430/revisions +[7]:http://www.thinkplexx.com/learn/article/unix/command/chmod-permissions-flags-explained-600-0600-700-777-100-etc +[8]:http://winscp.net/eng/index.php +[9]:http://download.cnet.com/Fugu/3000-7240_4-26526.html +[10]:http://linuxcommand.org/lts0070.php +[11]:http://openvpn.net/ +[12]:https://code.google.com/p/tunnelblick/ +[13]:https://www.sparklabs.com/viscosity/ +[14]:https://code.google.com/p/tunnelblick/wiki/DownloadsEntry#Tunnelblick_Beta_Release diff --git a/translated/tech/Building A Raspberry Pi VPN Part Two--Creating An Encrypted Client Side.md b/translated/tech/Building A Raspberry Pi VPN Part Two--Creating An Encrypted Client Side.md deleted file mode 100644 index 65f01a335c..0000000000 --- a/translated/tech/Building A Raspberry Pi VPN Part Two--Creating An Encrypted Client Side.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,150 +0,0 @@ -在树莓派上建立VPN~第二部分~：建立加密客户端 -================================================================================ -> 你已经成功搭建了一个工作中的VPN服务器! 现在该干什么了? - -欢迎来到ReadWrite的树莓派VPN搭建教程的第二部分! - -到现在为止, 我们已经很清楚地摆平了将你的树莓派变成了一个虚拟私人网络这个工作. 但是随着[未来安全漏洞对互联网生活的妥协][1], 让我们感觉拥有一个安全的服务器在你的身边越来越重要了. 通过这样, 你就可以不用担心有人在信息传输于你的电脑和互联网时拦截信息, 自由地写邮件以及传输数据了. - -[如果你看了此教程的第一部分][2], 你应该在你的树莓派上已经配置完一个拥有完全功能的VPN服务器了. 你可以在有免费WiFi时用这个服务器来传输加密信息了. 你也可以访问保存于你家里网络中已分享的文件以及媒体. - -只是, 你现在还无法访问. 我们现在已经为客户端(计算机和移动设备)创建了访问的密钥, 但是我们还没有告诉客户端服务器的访问地址, 如何连接, 以及用什么密钥访问. - -你应该记得, 我们已经为需要连接VPN的不同客户端创建了不同的密钥. 我们将客户端命名为 Client1, Client2 和 Client3. - -但是为每个客户端从零单独生成一个配置文件会造成很多不必要的麻烦, 这就是为什么我们需要使用[SANS institute][3]的Eric Jodoin写的巧妙的脚本. 这个脚本会帮助我们生成配置文件. - -### 跟随脚本 ### - -这个脚本会访问我们的默认设置, 从而为每一个客户端生成各自的配置文件. 我们需要做的第一件事是, 创建一个空的刻度文本文档并写入我们的默认配置. - - nano /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/Default.txt - -写入下面的文本: - - client - - dev tun - - proto udp - - remote <你的公网ip地址> 1194 - - resolv-retry infinite - - nobind - - persist-key - - persist-tun - - mute-replay-warnings - - ns-cert-type server - - key-direction 1 - - cipher AES-128-CBC - - comp-lzo - - verb 1 - - mute 20 - -这个文档应该长的和下面的截屏差不多, 除了你应该填入你自己的公网ip地址之外. 你注意到了我已经把我的公网ip删除了, 当然这是为了保护我的隐私. 换句话说, 每个人的本地静态ip都差不多. 他们都以 "192.268." 起头. - -![](http://readwrite.com/files/Screen%20Shot%202014-04-10%20at%2011.14.04%20AM.png) - -如果你没有一个公网ip的话, 你需要使用动态DNS服务来给你自己一个域名来代替公网ip. 我建议你使用免费服务[DNS Dynamic][4], 它允许你取自己选择的名字. 然后在你的树莓派上, 你需要运行DDclient来自动更新你的DDNS登记. 我在[这里][5]写过一篇完整的教程. - -同样, 按 Control+X 来保存文件并推出nano. - -接下来, 我们需要创建一个实际的脚本. 一个可执行脚本通常从shell启动, 可以自动化一些我们需要做的工作. - - nano /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/MakeOPVN.sh - -[这里][6]是脚本文件, 由Jodoin编写. 将内容复制粘贴至编辑器(注意一下复制粘贴中产生的问题). - -你需要将执行权限赋予给这个脚本. 首先改变所在目录: - - cd /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/ - -然后给予其root权限. 如果你还记得第一部分教程的内容的话, Linux中的权限管理由[不同的3位数字][7]实现. 700表示"所有者可以读,写,执行". - - chmod 700 MakeOPVN.sh - -最后, 执行文件: - - ./MakeOPVN.sh - -在脚本运行途中, 他会要求你输入现有的客户端名称. 实例: "Client1". 注意只输入已经存在的客户端名称. - -如果一切运行良好的话, 你应该会看到下面这行字弹出: - - Done! Client1.opvn Successfully Created. - -为剩下的客户端都执行这一步. - -最后要做的事是将客户端连上树莓派, 然后你就可以从客户端下载文件了. 你需要使用一个SCP (Secure Copy Protocol)客户端来实现它. 在Windows中, 我推荐[WinSCP][8]. 我一直在mac中使用[Fugu][9]. - -注意: 如果你没有连接SCP客户端的权限, 你需要为自己授权在此文件夹的读/写权限. 回到树莓派中输入: - - chmod 777 -R /etc/openvpn - -注意在你复制完文件后取消这一步, 从而其他人不能从这里下载文件! 完成之后将权限改为[600][10], 使树莓派的用户能读/写文件: - - chmod 600 -R /etc/openvpn - -完成后回到客户端. - -### 使用客户端软件 ### - -好了,困难的部分都结束了. 从这里开始我们需要将之前生成的脚本输入图形用户界面. 对PC, Android或者iOS手机来说, 你可以下载[OpenVPN Connect][11]. 但是这个软件没有mac版, 所以我尝试了[Tunnelblick][12]和[Viscosity][13]. - -Tunnelblick 是免费的, 但是Viscosity在免费30天尝试之后需要9美刀来购买. 不管怎么样, 我们来尝试下将mac连入我们的服务器吧. - -在我的情况下, mac是我第5个连接VPN的客户端, 所以我生成的文件名叫做client5.opvn. - -下载可以在你的OS X版本下运行的Tunnelblick. 我在使用Mavericks, 所以我下载了[beta][14]版. 虽然这个软件有很多我看起来很好笑的语言弹出, 但这真的是一个合法的下载. - -![](http://readwrite.com/files/Screen%20Shot%202014-04-10%20at%2011.37.36%20AM.png) - -然后它会问你, 你的配置文件是.opvn或.tblk. 如果你选择了.opvn它会带你将文件格式转换成Tunnelblick本地格式. 我把Client.opvn传送至Tunnelblick提供的文件夹, 然后把文件夹的名字改为了Client5.tblk. - -好啦, 你已经可以连接了. 点击屏幕右上方Tunnelblick的标志然后选择Client5. - -![](http://readwrite.com/files/Screen%20Shot%202014-04-10%20at%2011.40.04%20AM.png) - -它会问你是否传输密码文本, 这个密码和上篇中我们生成各个客户端时使用的密码是同样的. - -![](http://readwrite.com/files/Screen%20Shot%202014-04-10%20at%2011.42.33%20AM.png) - -如果你密码输入正确, 你会获得像上面这样的情况. - -尝试在咖啡厅, 图书馆或任何有免费WiFi的地方连接VPN. 通过使用VPN, 即使你连接的是公共网络, 你的数据仍然是安全的. - -教程展示于ReadWrite. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://readwrite.com/2014/04/11/building-a-raspberry-pi-vpn-part-two-creating-an-encrypted-client-side - -译者：[ThomazL](https://github.com/ThomazL) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://readwrite.com/2014/04/10/heartbleed-security-protect-yourself-data-passwords -[2]:http://readwrite.com/2014/04/10/raspberry-pi-vpn-tutorial-server-secure-web-browsing -[3]:http://www.sans.org/ -[4]:https://www.dnsdynamic.org/ -[5]:http://readwrite.com/2014/04/09/raspberry-pi-projects-ssh-remote-desktop-static-ip-tutorial -[6]:https://gist.github.com/laurenorsini/10013430/revisions -[7]:http://www.thinkplexx.com/learn/article/unix/command/chmod-permissions-flags-explained-600-0600-700-777-100-etc -[8]:http://winscp.net/eng/index.php -[9]:http://download.cnet.com/Fugu/3000-7240_4-26526.html -[10]:http://linuxcommand.org/lts0070.php -[11]:http://openvpn.net/ -[12]:https://code.google.com/p/tunnelblick/ -[13]:https://www.sparklabs.com/viscosity/ -[14]:https://code.google.com/p/tunnelblick/wiki/DownloadsEntry#Tunnelblick_Beta_Release From 94f802d339efbed2bdc94ca79bd5e0e675ad5fa8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Thu, 29 May 2014 16:13:24 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 337/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140529-2=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md | 32 ++++++++++++++++++ ...n and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md | 33 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/20140529 GNOME Online Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md create mode 100644 sources/news/20140529 Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md diff --git a/sources/news/20140529 GNOME Online Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md b/sources/news/20140529 GNOME Online Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f075f29acf --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20140529 GNOME Online Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +GNOME Online Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/GNOME-Online-Accounts-3-13-2-Adds-Support-or-Photos-and-Maps-444249-2.jpg) + +**The GNOME developers announce that the latest version of GNOME Online Accounts, 3.13.2, is now out and comes with quite a few new features.** + +The 3.13.x branch of GNOME is strictly for development and it will eventually evolve into the stable 3.14, but that's a long way ahead. Until then, the developers are free to implement changes and new features. + +The previous version in this branch brought some very interesting changes and the devs removed Windows and Twitter support from the software, among other changes. + +According to the [changelog][1], support has been added for photos, a deprecated call to GNOME_COMMON_INIT has been removed, the UI has been adjusted so that the Online Accounts can use a header bar in the dialog, the alarm logic has been simplified in order to stop timerfd leaks, and support for maps has been added. + +Also, a small memory leak fix has been implemented, the default credentials cache is no longer leaked, and SSL is now used for Flickr for more security. + +**Download GNOME Online Accounts 3.13.2 sources:** + +- [tar.xz (3.12.2 Stable)][2][sources] [1.20 MB] +- [tar.xz (3.13.2 Development)][3][sources] [1.30 MB] + +Remember that this is a development version and it should NOT be installed on production machines. It is intended for testing purposes only. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/GNOME-Online-Accounts-3-13-2-Adds-Support-or-Photos-and-Maps-444249.shtml + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/GNOME/sources/gnome-online-accounts/3.13/gnome-online-accounts-3.13.2.news +[2]:http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/GNOME/sources/gnome-online-accounts/3.12/gnome-online-accounts-3.12.2.tar.xz +[3]:http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/GNOME/sources/gnome-online-accounts/3.13/gnome-online-accounts-3.13.2.tar.xz \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/news/20140529 Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md b/sources/news/20140529 Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a4c2093399 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20140529 Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015 +================================================================================ +![The Steam Machines will not be ready in 2014](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Linux-World-Domination-and-Steam-Machines-Delayed-Until-2015-444271-2.jpg) + +The gaming community is anxious to get their hands on the new Linux-based Steam Machines from Valve, but it seems that the launch of this console hybrid is being delayed until next year. + +Valve is not a company known for its punctuality and it looks like the upcoming Steam Machines will definitely fit the profile. But what are these Steam Machines everyone is talking about? + +The company announced only a year and a half ago that they were launching the Steam for Linux client, and a few months ago Valve released SteamOS, a Linux distribution based on Debian that will power a console / PC hybrid. It will try to rival the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in the living room. + +The only difference is that Valve is thinking about this console model a little bit differently. They want to have a console that can be upgraded with new parts and that is built by numerous third-party companies according to a set of specifications, which are not very constraining. + +To make things even better, Valve is working on a new controller that will revolutionize the way people play games on the consoles, especially for first-person shooters and strategies. Unfortunately, as you can see, this is a lot of work and the proposed 2014 goal is no longer viable. + +“We’re now using wireless prototype controllers to conduct live playtests, with everyone from industry professionals to die-hard gamers to casual gamers. It's generating a ton of useful feedback, and it means we'll be able to make the controller a lot better. Of course, it's also keeping us pretty busy making all those improvements. Realistically, we're now looking at a release window of 2015, not 2014.” + +“Obviously we're just as eager as you are to get a Steam Machine in your hands. But our number one priority is making sure that when you do, you'll be getting the best gaming experience possible. We hope you'll be patient with us while we get there. Until then, we’ll continue to post updates as we have more stories to share,” [said][1] a Valve representative in the Steam Universe discussion group. + +This can indicate a number of problems that need to be solved, beside the fact that the Steam controller is nowhere near ready. It's very possible that their operating system, SteamOS, is not prepared to take on such a huge task. There are still problems with the drivers and it will take a long time to fix them. + +The AMD support is rather poor and Valve really wants the Steam Machines project to be a powerful competition. The biggest problem is probably the price, which is high at the moment, as it surpasses PS4 and Xbox One by a lot. + +Valve and the companies that are building the consoles probably need more time to get the prices down and to improve the final quality of the product, hardware and software-wise. They also need more games under their belt, so postponing the Linux domination of the world by another six months, into 2015, may not be such a bad thing. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Linux-World-Domination-and-Steam-Machines-Delayed-Until-2015-444271.shtml + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://steamcommunity.com/groups/steamuniverse#announcements/detail/1820891223906967821 \ No newline at end of file From 14380acb419565b65aca493e0245394e55ffe54c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Thu, 29 May 2014 16:32:14 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 338/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140529-3=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...at is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md | 89 +++++++++++++++++++ ...ks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md | 47 ++++++++++ 2 files changed, 136 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140529 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md diff --git a/sources/talk/20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md b/sources/talk/20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..99d2dc5670 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +What is a good terminal emulator on Linux? +================================================================================ +A good terminal emulator is a sufficient reason to choose Linux over Windows or Mac. Any power user of Linux would agree on that. By accessing the shell, a user can easily perform tasks that would be impossible, or too repetitive to perform from a graphical environment. But the choice of your terminal emulator is important since it can be the single application that you use the most. I will try to give you a well furnished list of good terminal emulators on Linux, from the classics, to the most exotic, but always efficient and original. + +If you deem a terminal application not cited here worthy, please let us know in the comments. There are a lot of them out there, and most are completely worthy of your attention. + +### 1. Gnome-terminal ### + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3699/14100905190_478812cae2_z.jpg) + +Let's start with the "classical" terminals, and for Gnome, Gnome-terminal is as classical as it gets. It supports different user profiles, tabs, text re-sizing, transparent background, and a high degree of customization. As its name suggests, it fits in perfectly in a Gnome environment. + +### 2. Konsole ### + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2897/14101006647_ec13565200_z.jpg) + +Also a big name, Konsole is pretty much the equivalent of Gnome-terminal for KDE environments. One of the few additions is that Konsole supports a split-view mode as well as directory bookmarking. + +### 3. (Xfce) Terminal ### + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2928/14100857759_fa29cc968e_z.jpg) + +Xfce users also have their own terminal with xfce4-terminal. The idea is to get a product similar to Gnome-terminal in appearance, but much lighter in terms of resources needed. The result is very customizable, but without user profile functionality or transparent background. + +### 4. LXTerminal ### + +[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5569/14100905020_dd2b3e830e_z.jpg)][1] + +To finish with the most famous terminals for desktop environment, LXTerminal is designed for LXDE environments. As you can imagine, it is even lighter and faster than xfce-terminal, leaving behind complex customization and advanced options, just to keep the tabs. + +### 5. Terminator ### + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3726/14100980857_1591317b8a_z.jpg) + +Now let's get to the Rolls-Royce of terminal emulators. Terminator is one of the most complete software out there. It includes tab, split-view horizontal and vertical, screen captures, user profiles, plugins, and layout manager. Probably more options than you will ever need. The downside is the weight, and the heavy resource consumption. Up to you what you sacrifice. + +### 6. Tilda ### + +[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5585/14284203351_2c25a33cb4_z.jpg)][2] + +There is also a completely different style of terminal, the so called "drop-down" type. If you like to have your terminal always at the stroke of a key, you might enjoy the next three software options. First, Tilda is the epitome of the drop-down terminal. It is environment free and pretty light. You can set the degree of transparency or even a different background, and then choose from which side of the screen it should appear. Past that, do not expect anything too complex like tabs or split-view. Tilda only does one thing: appear quickly when you need it. + +### 7. Guake ### + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3733/14285529772_aa824b5e39_z.jpg) + +For those of you who like the concept of Tilda, but prefer something more integrated with Gnome, you should try Guake. Concerning the functionalities, they are more or less similar to Tilda. The difference between the two is mostly cosmetic. + +### 8. Yakuake ### + +[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5274/14100857589_142fdc4153_z.jpg)][3] + +But KDE users are not forgotten either, with Yakuake, which is basically the alternative to Guake for KDE environments. It proposes the same things as Guake, in addition to a tabbed interface and users profiles. + +### 9. Terra ### + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3700/14307721343_0e55878bb0_z.jpg) + +And for power users, who liked Terminator and want it as a drop-down, I propose you Terra which is the best of both worlds. In between Guake and Terminator, Terra supports split-view and tabs while being a drop-down. + +### 10. rxvt ### + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2916/14307721303_805fe977ce_o.png) + +If your goal is to be as lightweight as possible, and that you want something close to xterm, then rxvt is for you. With no tabs, no customization, no split-view, no anything, rxvt is the must when it comes to ultra-lightweight. If sometimes you need the bare minimum, then rxvt is for you. + +### 11. Sakura ### + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3823/14287031834_d8a5ac966f_z.jpg) + +As lesser known terminal emulator, Sakura is based on GTK but does not require a full Gnome installation. Unlike rxvt, Sakura has a few extras, like tabs and color customization, but tries to keep it simple and basic. So if you want the basics in a lightweight environment-free software, Sakura is probably where to turn to. + +### 12. Terminology ### + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3706/14264408226_a0223861ae_z.jpg) + +One of the most exotic terminal out there is Terminology. Originally designed for Enlightenment, it proposes the classical functions that we kept seeing so far, and also throws in a few more that I have not seen before. Among them, the possibility to stream media straight from the terminal, and even thumbnails for file listing. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/good-terminal-emulator-linux.html + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14100905020/ +[2]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14284203351/ +[3]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14100857589/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/20140529 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md b/sources/tech/20140529 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b5c70bedc9 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140529 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS +================================================================================ +Let me show you in this small tutorial, how to share 1 disk between 2 Linux guests os in Virtualbox. + +This tutorial will be very helpful, if you want to Configure and play with GFS or cluster machines. + +The the normal screenshot of Virtualbox: + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/2014-05-28_102225.png) + +First, Guest OS Centos1: + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/2014-05-28_102252.png) + +Second Guest OS Centos2: + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/2014-05-28_102314.png) + +Add Extra disk to First machine: + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/2014-05-28_102459.png) + +via File -> Virtual Media manager (Control+D): + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/2014-05-28_102657.png) + +Make the disk Shareable: + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/2014-05-28_102719.png) + +From Guest Centos 2, you can add existing disk that was created before Centos1 guest OS: + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/v2014-05-28_113908.png) + +After this restart the 2 Guest os, you can check if the drive is add: + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/2014-05-28_111903.png) + +That’s it. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.unixmen.com/share-disks-virtualbox-linux-guest-os/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file From 457f99cbd6890f5ffef862c51bb40b4ba154edc8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Thu, 29 May 2014 16:42:52 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 339/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140529-4=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...pport for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md | 31 +++++++++++++++ ...ke Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md | 39 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 70 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/20140529 Why No Flash Support for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md diff --git a/sources/talk/20140529 Why No Flash Support for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md b/sources/talk/20140529 Why No Flash Support for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d43ed3a950 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20140529 Why No Flash Support for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +Why No Flash Support for Linux Is Good for Open Source +================================================================================ +> The upcoming end of support for Adobe Flash in the open source Chromium browser for Linux is actually a good thing for the Linux world. + +![](http://thevarguy.com/site-files/thevarguy.com/files/imagecache/medium_img/uploads/2014/05/noflash.png) + +Flash, the ubiquitous media framework for the Web, soon will no longer work for Linux users of the [Chromium][1] browser, the open source version of [Google Chrome][2]. Is it time for the Linux world to panic? Not at all. + +Here's what's happening: Soon, the means by which Flash support was traditionally implemented in Chromium, via a plugin originally designed for Netscape, will [no longer work][3]. Instead, Flash support will come in the form of a new API called Pepper, which Google has created for Chrome. + +For Linux users, the problem is that Pepper is available only for Chrome, not its open source cousin, Chromium. And while it may be possible technically to make Pepper work in Chromium, doing so will require more know-how than the average Linux user possesses. + +That's bad news for the Linux world, where almost half of Linux users run Chromium, according to [one source][4]. And for other browsers, Flash support on Linux ended with Flash version 11.2, which still works well enough for now, but which may cease to be effective in the future. This is all to say that soon, neither Chromium, nor Firefox, nor any of their offshoots or open source betters likely will be able to display Flash-based content effectively. + +But so far, few people are actually panicking about this, as indeed they shouldn't. In many ways, vanishing Flash support for Linux is actually a good thing, because it will only help to hasten the disappearance of Flash altogether. After all, as Jim Lynch [noted][5] over at IT World, Apple iOS has never had Flash support, and that hasn't dampened the massive popularity of iPads or iPhones. This is particularly true as technologies such as HTML5 are making Flash unnecessary for delivering Web content. + +This is a case, then, in which denying support for a particular software package to the Linux community actually will benefit the community—and the IT world more generally—in the long run. That rarely happens, but when it comes to Flash, disappearing support for Linux can only prove to be a good thing. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://thevarguy.com/open-source-application-software-companies/052814/why-no-flash-support-linux-good-open-source + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.chromium.org/ +[2]:https://www.google.com/intl/en-US/chrome/browser/ +[3]:http://www.techrepublic.com/article/browsers-will-flash-linux-into-the-future-or-drag-it-into-the-past/#. +[4]:http://www.techrepublic.com/article/browsers-will-flash-linux-into-the-future-or-drag-it-into-the-past/#. +[5]:http://www.itworld.com/open-source/420319/adobe-flash-critical-future-linux \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md b/sources/tech/20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a18f228673 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04 +================================================================================ +![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Windows_Taskbar_ubuntu.jpeg) + +Some new users switching to Ubuntu from Windows may find the default Unity interface a little overwhelming. Most of the Windows users as well as some non-Gnome 3, non-Unity Linux users might miss the bottom taskbar in Ubuntu. We all know that [drag and drop in Unity][1] is not very user friendly feature. + +Whatever may be your reason, if you want a bottom panel in Ubuntu, [tint2][2] is your man. + +### Add bottom taskbar in Ubuntu 14.04 ### + +Open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and use the following command: + + sudo apt-get install tint2 + +This will install tint2. You can run it by typing tint2 in terminal but that’s not how we are going to use it. That won’t serve the purpose at all. What we need to do here is to add tint2 as a start up program. Which means each time you boot in to Ubuntu, you’ll find the taskbar at the bottom of the desktop. + +#### How to run tint2 at start up #### + +Open Unity Dash (press Windows key) and search for Startup Applications. + +![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Startup_Applications_Ubuntu.jpeg) + +Open **Startup Applications**. In there click on **Add** to add a new program to start up. You can name it something meaningful, in command type **tint2** and click **Add**. **Close** it to save it. The picture below should be helpful: + +![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Windows_Like_Taskbar_Ubuntu.jpeg) + +That’s it. Logout and login back and you will find the taskbar at the bottom, as shown in the first most picture. Like [Conky][3], tint2 can be configured great deal but for that you’ll have to edit the configuration files. But even if you leave it as it is, it just works. Have you tried it already? How is/was your experience with tint2? + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://itsfoss.com/add-windows-like-bottom-taskbar-in-ubuntu-unity-14-04/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://itsfoss.com/drag-drop-files-ubuntu-1404-unity/ +[2]:https://code.google.com/p/tint2/ +[3]:http://conky.sourceforge.net/ \ No newline at end of file From 0baf7175d20605722255cc4654addb8cd15f4db4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Thu, 29 May 2014 23:03:32 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 340/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AArduino=20Vs?= =?UTF-8?q?.=20Raspberry=20Pi--Which=20Is=20The=20Right=20DIY=20Platform?= =?UTF-8?q?=20For=20You?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @zpl1025 发布啦~ --- ...Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md | 26 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-) rename {translated/talk => published}/Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi--Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md (80%) diff --git a/translated/talk/Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi--Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md b/published/Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi--Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md similarity index 80% rename from translated/talk/Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi--Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md rename to published/Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi--Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md index 548f503c5c..b8417851a4 100644 --- a/translated/talk/Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi--Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md +++ b/published/Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi--Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -Arduino Vs. 树莓派: 哪个是更适合你的DIY平台？ +Arduino 与 Raspberry Pi: 哪个是更适合你的DIY平台？ ================================================================================ ![](http://readwrite.com/files/styles/1400_0/public/fields/arduinopi.jpg) +你想做硬件DIY吗？它们哪个更适合你？ -如果你很熟悉电子DIY，那么应该听过[Arduino][1]和[树莓派][2]的优点比较。你也许甚至会猜测，[像我之前认为的][3]，它们两个是处理相似问题的相互竞争的硬件平台。 +如果你很熟悉电子DIY，那么应该听过[Arduino][1]和[Raspberry Pi（树莓派）][2]的特点对比。你也许甚至会猜测到，[像我之前认为的][3]，它们两个是处理相似问题的相互竞争的硬件平台。 -实际上，Arduino和树莓派非常不一样。对于初学者来说，树莓派是一台完整功能的计算机，而Arduino只是一个微控制器，仅仅是组成计算机的一个模块。 +实际上，Arduino和树莓派非常不一样。对于初学者来说，树莓派是一台完整功能的计算机，而Arduino只是一个微控制器，它仅仅是组成计算机的一个模块。 这里有一些指引来帮助你区分Arduino和树莓派，然后确定这两个DIY设备中的哪个更适合你的需求。 @@ -12,11 +13,11 @@ Arduino Vs. 树莓派: 哪个是更适合你的DIY平台？ 树莓派和Arduino最开始都被设计成教育工具，这也是它们现在这么流行的原因，它们两个都非常容易学习使用。 -树莓派来自英国。开始的时候，发明者Eben Upton和他在剑桥大学计算机实验室的同事对学生数量的减少和差劲的技能感到非常懊恼，于是想办法解决这个问题。他们设计的树莓派是一台便宜的方便修改的计算机，目的是提高动手能力。Upton在2006年设计了树莓派的原型，在[2012年4月][4]的时候第一次可以在市场上买到。 +树莓派来自英国。开始的时候，发明者Eben Upton和他在剑桥大学计算机实验室的同事对学生数量的逐渐减少和差劲的技能感到非常懊恼，于是想办法解决这个问题。他们设计的树莓派是一台便宜的方便修改的计算机，目的是提高动手能力。Upton在2006年设计了树莓派的原型，在[2012年4月][4]的时候第一次可以在市场上买到。 另一个，Arduino诞生于意大利。它是根据发明者Massimo Banzi和合伙人想到这个点子的一个酒吧的名字命名的。Banzi是伊夫雷亚互动设计学院的一名教师，他想为他学设计的学生做一个简单的硬件原型制作工具。 -作为教育工具，Arduino和树莓派都适合初学者。而在了解了他们的硬件和软件特点之后，很明显他们会应用到完全不同的项目中。 +作为教育工具，Arduino和树莓派都适合初学者。而在了解了它们的硬件和软件特点之后，很明显它们会应用到完全不同的项目中。 ### 硬件和软件 ### @@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ Arduino Vs. 树莓派: 哪个是更适合你的DIY平台？ -

集成网络

+

集成网络接口

没有

@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@ Arduino Vs. 树莓派: 哪个是更适合你的DIY平台？ -

内部存储

+

Flash存储

32KB

@@ -159,14 +160,13 @@ Arduino Vs. 树莓派: 哪个是更适合你的DIY平台？ -它们两个的价格和体积都差不多，我们已经知道树莓派和Arduino都很小巧很便宜，只是它们所包含的东西决定了它们的不同。 -树莓派在时钟速度上比Arduino快40倍。而更打击Arduino的是，树莓派拥有128,000倍的内存。树莓派是一台独立的计算机，可以运行实际的Linux操作系统，支持多任务，支持两个USB端口，还可以无线连接到因特网。总之，它足够强劲，完全可以作为个人电脑（但是还不足以与Mac或PC比较）。 +它们两个的价格和体积都差不多，我们已经知道树莓派和Arduino都很小巧很便宜，只是它们所包含的东西决定了它们的不同。树莓派在时钟速度上比Arduino快40倍。而更打击Arduino的是，树莓派拥有其128,000倍的内存。树莓派是一台独立的计算机，可以运行实际的Linux操作系统，支持多任务，支持两个USB端口，还可以无线连接到因特网。总之，它足够强劲，完全可以作为个人电脑（但是还不足以与Mac或PC比较）。 也许看起来树莓派比Arduino高级，但那仅仅是软件应用。Arduino的简单让它在单纯的硬件项目中表现更好。 -我采访了Limor Fried，她是[Adafruit][5]的创办者，Adafruit是一个DIY电子商店提供Arduino和树莓派的部件和工具，询问了她关于这两者之间不同的专业意见。作为一个从MIT毕业的工程师，立志要教所有级别的电子技术的高手，Fried比其他人更懂这两个平台。 +我采访了Limor Fried，她是[Adafruit][5]的创办者，Adafruit是一个DIY电子商店，提供Arduino和树莓派的部件和工具，询问了她关于这两者之间不同的专业意见。作为一个从MIT毕业的工程师，立志要教所有级别的电子技术的高手，Fried比其他人更懂这两个平台。 -“Arduino有处理'实时'和'模拟电路'的能力，这是树莓派没有的，这种灵活性让它可以匹配任何传感器或芯片”Fried这样说，“树莓派就没有这样灵活，比如，要读取模拟传感器就需要额外的硬件协助。有成千上万的教程教你把Arduino挂到几乎所有的器件上。另一方面，树莓派可以受益于多年的Linux软件积累，所以它们两个都是很棒的选择。” +“Arduino有处理'实时'和'模拟电路'的能力，这是树莓派没有的，这种灵活性让它可以匹配各种传感器或芯片”Fried这样说，“树莓派就没有这样灵活，比如，要读取模拟传感器就需要额外的硬件协助。有成千上万的教程教你把Arduino挂到几乎所有的设备上。另一方面，树莓派可以受益于多年的Linux软件积累，所以它们两个都是很棒的选择！” Arduino的集成开发环境明显比Linux容易太多了。比如，如果你在树莓派上想写个程序让LED闪烁，你需要安装一个操作系统以及各种代码库，而这还仅仅只是开始。而在Arduino上，你可以用仅仅8行代码来让LED闪烁。而且，Arduino并没有设计成运行操作系统或是大量软件，你可以仅仅把它插到板子上，它就开始工作了。 @@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ Arduino的集成开发环境明显比Linux容易太多了。比如，如果你 ### 社区 ### -不管树莓派还是Arduino，都有很多大型的，活跃的社区。这些论坛不仅仅是在学校和大学里使用，世界范围的骇客们也都在里面。 +不管树莓派还是Arduino，都有很多大型的、活跃的社区。这些论坛不仅仅是在学校和大学里使用，世界范围的极客们也都在里面。 下面这些地方你可以去看看，里面会有树莓派的支持和一些项目创意： @@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ Arduino的集成开发环境明显比Linux容易太多了。比如，如果你 via: http://readwrite.com/2014/05/07/arduino-vs-raspberry-pi-projects-diy-platform#feed=/hack&awesm=~oEFMq68riarQK2 -译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From acf3f94587289a3493906c1abd8e8a747c2211ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Thu, 29 May 2014 23:04:02 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 341/601] =?UTF-8?q?[=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90?= =?UTF-8?q?=E5=88=A0=E9=99=A4]?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ace Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md | 26 ------------------- 1 file changed, 26 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/talk/20140528 Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md diff --git a/sources/talk/20140528 Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md b/sources/talk/20140528 Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md deleted file mode 100644 index 66ce6c822f..0000000000 --- a/sources/talk/20140528 Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,26 +0,0 @@ -alim0x translating - -Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3 – not smooth yet but promising -================================================================================ -![](http://www.muktware.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/surface_pro_3.jpg) - -Microsoft has made Surface Pro 3 tablet PC available for pre-order from May 21 and it didn’t take long for Linux enthusiasts to try Ubuntu 14.04 on it. And the results are quite promising! Surface pro 3 flaunts a decent [hardware spec][] and it will definitely be a delight for any Linux user to run Ubuntu on it when all the components are supported. - -The first sensible step is to take a system image backup of the Surface pro 3. The image size will vary depending on what is installed on the device but the process is reasonably fast. A separate drive with Windows 8.1 is also required to restore the image because once Linux is installed, the repair and restore function will be lost. - -To install, connect a bootable pen drive with Ubuntu, press the Volume Down and Power keys till the Surface logo shows up, then release both. Once the USB boots up, you can reach the familiar Ubuntu install screen (with live and install options). The Ubuntu installation procedure remains the same. - -Post installation most of the components work out of the box. WiFi works but detects only 2.4GHz networks. The touchpad on the Type Cover works, but not the keyboard. The virtual keyboard in the accessibility setting can be used for typing but it is still lacking in features on Ubuntu. The best option is to connect a USB keyboard. The pen works as a pointer and pressing it down works as a left-click, but as Bluetooth is not working out of the box the buttons on the pen do not work. There might be some issues with the pressure-sensitivity of Ubuntu’s pen implementation. While it is fast and smooth, the experience without type cover is not optimal. Just like the keyboard, the dock might also not work out of the box. As touch and WiFi work out of the box, KDE‘s Plasma Active would be a better choice compared to Ubuntu on this device. However, the latest stable Kubuntu installation has issues on Surface Pro 3. - -By the time the Surface Pro 3 is available at the outlets most of the issues might get fixed if the device grabs enough attention from developers. Here’s a short [video][2] of Ubuntu running on Surface Pro 3 recorded during the experiment. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.muktware.com/2014/05/ubuntu-surface-pro-3-smooth-yet-promising/27870 - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.microsoft.com/surface/en-us/products/surface-pro-3 -[2]:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRH-c2_kDA4 From 8d5c21d9e625b5739c0f0b469f14da83ce279582 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Thu, 29 May 2014 23:06:03 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 342/601] =?UTF-8?q?[=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90]2?= =?UTF-8?q?0140528=20Ubuntu=20on=20Surface=20P...omising.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 翻译完成。 --- ...ace Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md | 24 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 24 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/talk/20140528 Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md diff --git a/translated/talk/20140528 Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md b/translated/talk/20140528 Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a82b6c020c --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/talk/20140528 Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +在Surface Pro 3上运行Ubuntu – 尚不完美但很有戏 +================================================================================ +![](http://www.muktware.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/surface_pro_3.jpg) + +微软从5月21日起接受Surface Pro 3平板PC的预订，没过多久Linux爱好者们就在其上尝试了Ubuntu 14.04。结果是十分有希望的！Surface pro 3标榜拥有还不错的[硬件规格][1]，当所有的硬件都被支持后，对任何Linux用户而言在上面运行Ubuntu无疑是一件令人感到愉快的事情。 + +最明智的第一步无疑是对Surface pro 3的系统镜像做个备份。根据上面安装系统版本的不同镜像大小也不一定相同，但可以相信的是这一过程会很快完成。恢复Windows 8.1的时候还另外需要一个驱动器来恢复镜像，因为一旦安装了Linux，原本的修复和还原功能将会消失。 + +要在Surface上安装Ubuntu，连接一个Ubuntu的可启动U盘，同时按住音量减和电源键直到Surface的标志出现，然后放开这两个键。一旦从USB启动之后，你就能看到熟悉的Ubuntu安装界面（有实时会话（live session）和安装选项）。后续Ubuntu安装步骤和一般安装相同。 + +安装完成后大部分组件都能达到开箱即用的状态。WiFi能够正常工作，但只能检测到2.4GHz的网络。Type Cover上的触控板工作正常，但键盘不能工作。在辅助设置中的虚拟键盘可以用来输入，但在Ubuntu中还是缺少一些功能特性。最佳的选择是连接一个USB键盘。随附的笔能够像鼠标指针一样工作，点击下去相当于鼠标左键单击，但蓝牙不能开箱即用，笔上的按钮也不起作用。在Ubuntu的笔的功能实现上，在压感上可能会有点小问题。尽管系统流畅反应迅速，没有了type cover的体验无论如何也算不上最佳。就像键盘一样，dock（译注：Surface的扩展底座）可能也做不到开箱即用。相比于Ubuntu，触控和WiFi同样可以开箱即用的KDE的Plasma Active（译注：KDE专为触控设备打造的用户界面）会是个更好的选择。但是，最新版的Kubuntu在Surface Pro 3上安装时还存在一些问题。 + +如果这部设备能够获得开发者足够的关注的话，到Surface Pro 3在各个销售点开售的时候，大部分问题应该能够得到解决。 这里是这次试验时录下的Ubuntu运行在Surface Pro 3上的简短[视频][2]。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.muktware.com/2014/05/ubuntu-surface-pro-3-smooth-yet-promising/27870 + +译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.microsoft.com/surface/en-us/products/surface-pro-3 +[2]:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRH-c2_kDA4 From 27eef7e843433204458988a4d59fc9172672aadc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Thu, 29 May 2014 23:09:15 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 343/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9A20140528=20I?= =?UTF-8?q?nstall=20Webmin=20On=20Ubuntu=2014.04?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @MikeCoder 发布啦。翻译的不错。 --- .../20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md (82%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md b/published/20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md similarity index 82% rename from translated/tech/20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md rename to published/20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md index d341aac1f1..1dc5ab8cb7 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ b/published/20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ================================================================================ ![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/webmin-790x586.jpg) -[Webmin][1]是一个开源的基于网页的Unix/Linux系统管理工具。通过使用Webmin，你可以在浏览器上设置和安装所有的系统服务，包括:DNS,DHCP,Apache,NFS和Samba等等。因此，有了这个，你就再也不需要去记住所有的修改配置的命令了。 +[Webmin][1]是一个开源的基于网页的Unix/Linux系统管理工具。通过使用Webmin，你可以在浏览器上设置和安装所有的系统服务，包括:DNS、DHCP、Apache、NFS和Samba等等。因此，有了这个，你就再也不需要去记住所有的修改配置的命令了。 ### 使用官方软件源在Ubuntu 14.04 LTS上安装Webmin ### @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ sudo apt-get install webmin -如果你想从远程系统访问webmin的控制台,就在防火墙里开启webmin的默认端口“10000” +如果你想从远程系统访问webmin的控制台，就在防火墙里开启webmin的默认端口“10000” sudo ufw allow 10000 @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ via: http://www.unixmen.com/install-webmin-ubuntu-14-04/ -译者：[MikeCoder](https://github.com/MikeCoder) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[MikeCoder](https://github.com/MikeCoder) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 79a5d7b96b2dee82152f7b102383c9666646fdcf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: 2q1w2007 <2q1w2007@163.com> Date: Fri, 30 May 2014 00:36:50 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 344/601] Update 20140527 4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 2q1w2007翻译中 --- ...nux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/20140527 4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md b/sources/news/20140527 4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md index 6e6c1ec9f4..7db4550790 100644 --- a/sources/news/20140527 4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md +++ b/sources/news/20140527 4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +2q1w2007翻译中 4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/4MLinux-9-0-Beta-Is-a-55-MB-Operating-System-that-Has-It-All-443946-2.jpg) @@ -39,4 +40,4 @@ via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/4MLinux-9-0-Beta-Is-a-55-MB-Operating-System [1]:http://4mlinux-releases.blogspot.ro/2014/05/4mlinux-90-beta-released.html [2]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/linux4m/files/8.0/updates/8.2/livecd/4MLinux-8.2.iso/download -[3]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/linux4m/files/9.0/livecd/4MLinux-9.0.iso/download \ No newline at end of file +[3]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/linux4m/files/9.0/livecd/4MLinux-9.0.iso/download From efef1027db5dcc9c5a9ff3caab2ab5a7f8376407 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: GOLinux Date: Fri, 30 May 2014 07:42:31 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 345/601] Translating:Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md --- ...0529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md b/sources/tech/20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md index a18f228673..4b7dd205f2 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +Translating by GOLinux ... Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04 ================================================================================ ![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Windows_Taskbar_ubuntu.jpeg) From 56411cf5154b3d27d46f4b9f4b99ff114598e3d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: GOLinux Date: Fri, 30 May 2014 07:43:40 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 346/601] Translating:Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md --- translated/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) create mode 100644 translated/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS diff --git a/translated/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS b/translated/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e69de29bb2 From 984b0b299b8257897a344ca661ebfefdb02c0749 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Thu, 29 May 2014 18:53:41 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 347/601] Update 20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md --- ...29 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md b/sources/tech/20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md index a18f228673..a4386993ae 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +Translating by GOLinux ... Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04 ================================================================================ ![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Windows_Taskbar_ubuntu.jpeg) @@ -36,4 +37,4 @@ via: http://itsfoss.com/add-windows-like-bottom-taskbar-in-ubuntu-unity-14-04/ [1]:http://itsfoss.com/drag-drop-files-ubuntu-1404-unity/ [2]:https://code.google.com/p/tint2/ -[3]:http://conky.sourceforge.net/ \ No newline at end of file +[3]:http://conky.sourceforge.net/ From a7f86665a66cf22ddf57b73f5043c271f2214513 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: GOLinux Date: Fri, 30 May 2014 09:04:09 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 348/601] Translated:20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md --- ...ke Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md | 40 ------------------- ...ke Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md | 37 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md b/sources/tech/20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4b7dd205f2..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,40 +0,0 @@ -Translating by GOLinux ... -Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04 -================================================================================ -![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Windows_Taskbar_ubuntu.jpeg) - -Some new users switching to Ubuntu from Windows may find the default Unity interface a little overwhelming. Most of the Windows users as well as some non-Gnome 3, non-Unity Linux users might miss the bottom taskbar in Ubuntu. We all know that [drag and drop in Unity][1] is not very user friendly feature. - -Whatever may be your reason, if you want a bottom panel in Ubuntu, [tint2][2] is your man. - -### Add bottom taskbar in Ubuntu 14.04 ### - -Open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and use the following command: - - sudo apt-get install tint2 - -This will install tint2. You can run it by typing tint2 in terminal but that’s not how we are going to use it. That won’t serve the purpose at all. What we need to do here is to add tint2 as a start up program. Which means each time you boot in to Ubuntu, you’ll find the taskbar at the bottom of the desktop. - -#### How to run tint2 at start up #### - -Open Unity Dash (press Windows key) and search for Startup Applications. - -![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Startup_Applications_Ubuntu.jpeg) - -Open **Startup Applications**. In there click on **Add** to add a new program to start up. You can name it something meaningful, in command type **tint2** and click **Add**. **Close** it to save it. The picture below should be helpful: - -![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Windows_Like_Taskbar_Ubuntu.jpeg) - -That’s it. Logout and login back and you will find the taskbar at the bottom, as shown in the first most picture. Like [Conky][3], tint2 can be configured great deal but for that you’ll have to edit the configuration files. But even if you leave it as it is, it just works. Have you tried it already? How is/was your experience with tint2? - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://itsfoss.com/add-windows-like-bottom-taskbar-in-ubuntu-unity-14-04/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://itsfoss.com/drag-drop-files-ubuntu-1404-unity/ -[2]:https://code.google.com/p/tint2/ -[3]:http://conky.sourceforge.net/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/tech/20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md b/translated/tech/20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..78ea25c1bb --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +在Ubuntu Unity 14.04中添加Windows风格的底部任务栏 +================================================================================ +![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Windows_Taskbar_ubuntu.jpeg) + +一些从Windows转到Ubuntu的新用户可能发现，在Ubuntu下默认的Unity界面占据了一切。大多数Windows用户，也包括一些非Gnome 3用户和一些非Unity Linux用户也许在Ubuntu中看不到底部任务栏。我们都知道，[Unity中的拖放操作][1]对用户不是很友好。 + +不管出于什么原因，如果你在Ubuntu中想要个底部面板，那么[tint][2]就是你的菜。 + +### 在Ubuntu 14.04中添加底部任务栏 ### +打开终端（Ctrl+Alt+T），然后输入下面的命令： + + sudo apt-get install tint2 + +这样就把tint2安装好了。你可以在终端中输入tint2来运行它了，但这不是我们想要干的活，因为我们的目的根本不在于此。在此，我们需要让tint2来开机启动，这样每次启动Ubuntu的时候，它都会在桌面底部恭候你了。 + +#### 怎样让tint2开机启动？ #### +打开Unity Dash（按下Windows键吧），然后搜索启动程序。 + +![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Startup_Applications_Ubuntu.jpeg) + +打开**启动程序**，在那儿猛戳**添加**按钮，你就可以添加一个新的开机启动程序了。你可以给它起个好认的名字，那命令那栏输入**tint2**，然后猛戳**添加**，然后继续猛戳**关闭**来保存。如果我说得不够清楚，还是看看下面的图片吧，它应该很直观了： + +![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Windows_Like_Taskbar_Ubuntu.jpeg) + +好了。赶快注销并重新登录进去看看吧，任务栏会乖乖地在下面等着你了。第一张图片看到了吗？就是那个样子的。像[Conky][3]一样，tint2也能进行大量配置，但要进行深度配置，你得修改配置文件了。就算你很懒惰，安好了啥都不做，那它也会干得很好了。你已经试过了？你感觉tint2怎么样呢？ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://itsfoss.com/add-windows-like-bottom-taskbar-in-ubuntu-unity-14-04/ + +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://itsfoss.com/drag-drop-files-ubuntu-1404-unity/ +[2]:https://code.google.com/p/tint2/ +[3]:http://conky.sourceforge.net/ \ No newline at end of file From 75993a5237f284664f542ae9226afacd7991b0b8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Fri, 30 May 2014 10:40:37 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 349/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9ADaily=20Ubun?= =?UTF-8?q?tu=20Tips--Automatically=20Backing=20Up=20Ubuntu=2014.04=20To?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Box=20Cloud=20Storage?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ng Up Ubuntu 14.04 To Box Cloud Storage.md | 19 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Automatically Backing Up Ubuntu 14.04 To Box Cloud Storage.md (68%) diff --git a/translated/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Automatically Backing Up Ubuntu 14.04 To Box Cloud Storage.md b/published/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Automatically Backing Up Ubuntu 14.04 To Box Cloud Storage.md similarity index 68% rename from translated/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Automatically Backing Up Ubuntu 14.04 To Box Cloud Storage.md rename to published/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Automatically Backing Up Ubuntu 14.04 To Box Cloud Storage.md index 106366b4bf..c761f152fd 100644 --- a/translated/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Automatically Backing Up Ubuntu 14.04 To Box Cloud Storage.md +++ b/published/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Automatically Backing Up Ubuntu 14.04 To Box Cloud Storage.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ Ubuntu 每日技巧- 自动备份Ubuntu 14.04到Box云存储上 ================================================================================ -如今你已经升级或者安装了Ubuntu 14.04， 这有另外一件事情你可能需要去做来保护你的新系统：备份！ +如今你已经升级或者安装了Ubuntu 14.04， 但是还有另外一件保护你的新系统需要做的事情：备份！ Ubuntu内置了一个备份工具 **Déjà Dup Backup Tool**。它允许你备份你的系统并保存在本地或者通过不同的协议保存在远端服务器上。 -还有许多其他的工具来备份你的Ubuntu计算机与文件。你可以通过[Dropbox 客户端][1]或者其他云服务来自动备份你的重要文档。你也有可能使用UbuntuOne来备份你的机器，但这不再是一个选择了。 +还有许多其他的工具来备份你的Ubuntu计算机与文件。你可以通过[Dropbox 客户端][1]或者其他云服务来自动备份你的重要文档。你也有可能使用UbuntuOne来备份你的机器，但现在这不再是一个选择了。 -另外用来备份你机器的云存储是Box。Box是一个很棒的服务，它是Dropbox的一个替代品。Box云存储的一个缺点是它没有Dropbox那样的Linux客户端。 +另外一个可以用来备份你机器的云存储是Box。Box是一个很棒的服务，它是Dropbox的一个替代品。Box云存储的一个缺点是它没有Dropbox那样的Linux客户端。 它的一个好处是它有Dropbox不支持的通过WebDAV协议来备份你的文件。 @@ -14,12 +14,11 @@ Ubuntu内置了一个备份工具 **Déjà Dup Backup Tool**。它允许你备 在你开始之前，你首先要确保你有一个Box账号，如果没有，请先前去注册。 -When you’re ready, open **Dash** and search for Backup. Or go to **Option (Gear) –> System Settings –> Backups** 当你完成后，打开**Dash** 并搜索备份。或者进入**选项 (Gear) –> 系统设置 –> 备份** ![ubuntu1404-backup](http://www.liberiangeek.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ubuntu1404backup.png) -接下来，选择备份的文件夹(保存)，忽略的文件夹，以及哪里保存备份。位置是我们要首先设置的。对于存储位置，我们选择**WebDAV** 。接下来输入服务器地址(如下所示), 文件夹应该是/dav/，以及你的Box用户名。 +接下来，选择备份的文件夹(即保存)，忽略的文件夹，以及在哪里保存备份。位置是我们要首先设置的。对于存储位置，我们选择**WebDAV** 。接下来输入服务器地址(如下所示), 文件夹应该是/dav/，并输入你的Box用户名。 ![ubuntu1404-backup-1](http://www.liberiangeek.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ubuntu1404backup11.png) @@ -31,23 +30,23 @@ When you’re ready, open **Dash** and search for Backup. Or go to **Option (Ge ![ubuntu1404-backup-3](http://www.liberiangeek.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ubuntu1404backup3.png) -在下一屏中，你可以选择是否用密码加密备份。我建议不要这么做，因为忘记密码可能也会有危险。 +在下一屏中，你可以选择是否用密码加密备份。我建议不要这么做，因为忘记密码可能也会有危险。（译注：当然那些秘密的东西你就不要备份到这里了） -第一次备份后，前往打开自动备份设置。接着进入计划并选择对于你最好的备份计划。 +第一次备份后，前往打开定期备份设置。接着进入计划并选择对于你最好的备份计划。 -要打开自动备份，右上角的滑动条拖到右边。 +要打开定期备份，要将右上角的滑动条拖到右边（即变成橙色的“ON”）。 ![ubuntu1404-backup-4](http://www.liberiangeek.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ubuntu1404backup4.png) 就是这样！你现在可以进入'保存的文件夹' 并开始加入更多需要备份的文件夹。 -享受吧！ +体验一下吧！ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2014/04/daily-ubuntu-tips-automatically-backing-up-ubuntu-14-04-to-box-cloud-storage/ -译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 378d25459ac5fa7290cc84c867dffce4bba50f50 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Fri, 30 May 2014 10:40:56 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 350/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=94=B9=E5=90=8D?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Major Application Updates.md} | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename translated/{Ubuntu 14.04 LTS: Major Application Updates.md => tech/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Major Application Updates.md} (100%) diff --git a/translated/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS: Major Application Updates.md b/translated/tech/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Major Application Updates.md similarity index 100% rename from translated/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS: Major Application Updates.md rename to translated/tech/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Major Application Updates.md From cdddcc8e6256f3551e511e58a7ced9f19785e485 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: GOLinux Date: Fri, 30 May 2014 11:06:52 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 351/601] Translated:20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md --- translated/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS | 0 ...tu 14.04 LTS: Major Application Updates.md | 43 ------------------- 2 files changed, 43 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 translated/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS delete mode 100644 translated/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS: Major Application Updates.md diff --git a/translated/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS b/translated/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS deleted file mode 100644 index e69de29bb2..0000000000 diff --git a/translated/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS: Major Application Updates.md b/translated/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS: Major Application Updates.md deleted file mode 100644 index fa30df2e43..0000000000 --- a/translated/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS: Major Application Updates.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,43 +0,0 @@ -Ubuntu 14.04 LTS: 主要程序更新 -================================================================================ -过去几周我们已经讨论过 Ubuntu 的第一个LTS新版本在过去两年内在操作系统方面的主要更新。今天我们将要列出 Ubuntu 应用程序商店中自从上一个 LTS 版本以来主要的应用程序更新。 - -### 主要的程序和工具更新 ### - -除了大量桌面应用程序更新(下一节讨论)外，两年以来大量的其他程序和工具都有了非常不错的更新。以下讨论其中的一部分： - -- **Xen 4.4** - 对于 Ubuntu 内置 Xen 这是一个重大更新。最显著的变化就是它不再支持纯32位的 CPU 了(虽然还继续支持32位操作系统)。这不应该是一个大问题，因为过去六年以来大多数CPU都是64位的。但是这意味着那些还在老服务器或笔记本上使用 Ubuntu 的人需要知道 Xen 将不再支持他们的CPU了。 - -- **QEMU 2.0** 紧接着 Xen 后面介绍 QEMU ，因为为了适应 Xen，QEMU做了些调整。最主要的影响是在 KVM 中创建的虚拟机无法从以前的 Ubuntu 12.04 迁移到这个版本，并且快照也无法恢复。另外，加入了对 arm64 的二进制虚拟。 -- **MySQL** 尽管默认安装的是 MySQL 5.5，但是也可以从标准库中安装 Percona, MariaDB 或者 MySQL 5.6。惊喜的是，不想其他的软件发布库，Ubuntu 并没有将数据库换成MariaDB ，继续默认安装。估计是和甲骨文维持了比较好的关系。 - -- **Apache 2.4 and PHP 5.5** 有点意外的是 Apache 升级到了2.4版本，毕竟2.2版本已经稳定使用了太久了。但我还是乐意看到 Apache 发布了桌面版。PHP 早在 12.04 LTS 就可以升级到 PHP 5.5 ，新版系统将其默认安装了。注意：如果你使用的是一些老板 CMS 平台 (cough, cough – DRUPAL), 在升级过程中可能得做一些调整，具体请参考文档。 - -### 软件中心：桌面应用程序升级 ### - -简单来说，软件中心的主要几个软件都有许多重大更新(比较距离上个版本已经有两年的时间了)。最明显的软件更新如下： - -- Google Chrome 33 -- Firefox 28 -- Nautilus 3.10 -- The Gimp – 2.8 -- KDE 4.13 (我觉得是最好的桌面软件) - -上面虽然没提，办公套件已经预装了 LibreOffice 4.2.3.3 ，看起来棒极了，不信自己看： - -![Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Libre Office Upgrade](https://linuxacademy.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/newlibreoffice4233.png) - -总结 -总之，Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 成功的从 12.04 平滑过渡过来了。除非你运气太差，使用了最新版本的 NVidia 显卡(使用 780GTX 或 Titan芯片的 Linux 专用驱动并没有集成到系统中)。 - -以下的几篇文章中，我将深入了解有关显示器和显卡的更多的技术细节(高分辨率显示器更好)，同时对 Mir(Xwindows 桌面替换软件) 做一个早期预览测试(当然是在虚拟机环境中)。如果你还有其他想知道的，在评论栏里留言，我们下周见！ - - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via:https://linuxacademy.com/blog/linux/ubuntu-14-04-lts-major-application-updates/ - -译者：[shipsw](https://github.com/shipsw) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 57e4a24968b0258437faa89f2c68cae05612cc86 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Fri, 30 May 2014 11:47:17 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 352/601] alim0x translating --- ...Online Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/20140529 GNOME Online Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md b/sources/news/20140529 GNOME Online Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md index f075f29acf..48dfefc1e3 100644 --- a/sources/news/20140529 GNOME Online Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md +++ b/sources/news/20140529 GNOME Online Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +alim0x translating + GNOME Online Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/GNOME-Online-Accounts-3-13-2-Adds-Support-or-Photos-and-Maps-444249-2.jpg) @@ -29,4 +31,4 @@ via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/GNOME-Online-Accounts-3-13-2-Adds-Support-or [1]:http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/GNOME/sources/gnome-online-accounts/3.13/gnome-online-accounts-3.13.2.news [2]:http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/GNOME/sources/gnome-online-accounts/3.12/gnome-online-accounts-3.12.2.tar.xz -[3]:http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/GNOME/sources/gnome-online-accounts/3.13/gnome-online-accounts-3.13.2.tar.xz \ No newline at end of file +[3]:http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/GNOME/sources/gnome-online-accounts/3.13/gnome-online-accounts-3.13.2.tar.xz From aeb4d7bdd69779655f09f4c59cedc4e06f94f198 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: carolinewuyan <309866211@qq.com> Date: Fri, 30 May 2014 13:47:49 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 353/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9=E4=B8=AD?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- translated/tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md b/translated/tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md index 2462fc7bc8..eca76a5369 100644 --- a/translated/tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ b/translated/tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ Ubuntu 14.04最棒的图标主题 sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install numix-icon-theme numix-icon-theme-circle -#### Uniform: #### +#### Uniform: #### ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Uniform_Icons.jpeg) From 0cfd423765c55a914e9f0c2dcc6621b4b4fbc156 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Fri, 30 May 2014 13:47:54 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 354/601] Update 20140529 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md --- ... How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140529 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md b/sources/tech/20140529 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md index b5c70bedc9..edbb44ee2c 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140529 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140529 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +Translating by GOLinux ... How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS ================================================================================ Let me show you in this small tutorial, how to share 1 disk between 2 Linux guests os in Virtualbox. @@ -44,4 +45,4 @@ via: http://www.unixmen.com/share-disks-virtualbox-linux-guest-os/ 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From c739808035a5b73523dc23da044b21329cfad5ac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: carolinewuyan <309866211@qq.com> Date: Fri, 30 May 2014 14:19:09 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 355/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B7=B2=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md | 18 +++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md b/translated/tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md index eca76a5369..26da46f49a 100644 --- a/translated/tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ b/translated/tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -Ubuntu 14.04最棒的图标主题 +Ubuntu 14.04 最棒的图标主题 ================================================================================ ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Ubuntu_Trusty_Tahr_Best_Icons.jpeg) -还在苦苦寻找方法来让你的Ubuntu 14.04更加漂亮吗？那就赶紧给你的系统换套图标吧！如果你还不知道有哪些很棒的图标主题，不用着急，我已经整理了一些适用于**Ubuntu 14.04的最棒的图标集**。不过在向你们介绍这些图标集之前，我还是先向你介绍一下如何应用图标主题吧。 +还在苦苦寻找方法来让你的 Ubuntu 14.04 更加漂亮吗？那就赶紧给你的系统换套图标吧！如果你还没发现哪些图标主题很棒，不用着急，我已经整理了一些适用于**Ubuntu 14.04的最佳图标集**。不过在欣赏这些图标集之前，我还是先向你介绍一下如何应用图标主题吧。 -### 如何在Ubuntu系统中应用新图标： ### +### 如何在 Ubuntu 系统中应用新图标集： ### 你可以通过两种方式来安装一个新的图标主题。一个是添加PPA源。你可以添加PPA软件源，然后安装某个图标集。但并不是所有的图标集可以通过该方法获得。所以，另一种方法就是，下载该图标集的压缩文件，然后将之解压到**~/.icons**文件夹。如果这个文件夹不存在的话，你可以使用下面的命令来新建： @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Ubuntu 14.04最棒的图标主题 解压到以上路径的图标只对当前用户有效。如果你希望所有的用户都可以使用该图标主题，你应该将该图标解压到**/usr/share/icons**。 -到此，你已经安装了该图标。这样的话，你就可以使用[Unity Tweak Tool][1]来应用该图标主题。你可以使用下面的命令来安装Unity Tweak Tool： +到此，你已经安装了该图标。这样的话，你就可以使用[Unity Tweak Tool][1]来应用该图标主题。你可以使用下面的命令来安装 Unity Tweak Tool： sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool @@ -20,17 +20,17 @@ Ubuntu 14.04最棒的图标主题 ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Unity_Tweak_Tool.jpeg) -现在，你可以选择你所喜欢的图标集啦。到此为止，我想你已经掌握了如何在Ubuntu中更换图标，下面我们一起来欣赏Ubuntu中最棒的图标主题吧。 +现在，你可以选择你所喜欢的图标集啦。到此为止，我想你已经掌握了如何在 Ubuntu 中更换图标，下面我们一起来欣赏 Ubuntu 中最棒的图标主题吧。 ### Ubuntu 14.04最棒的图标主题： ### -废话不多说，我们一起来欣赏一些Ubuntu Unity桌面可用的图标主题吧（可能也支持Gnome桌面环境，小编未在该桌面环境下测试）： +废话不多说，我们一起来欣赏一些 Ubuntu Unity 桌面可用的图标主题吧（可能也支持Gnome桌面环境，小编未在该桌面环境下测试）： #### Moka: #### ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/moka-Ubuntu-themes.jpeg) -你可以使用下面的命令在Ubuntu以及相似的发行版中安装该图标主题： +你可以使用以下命令在 Ubuntu 以及同类的发行版中安装该图标主题： sudo add-apt-repository ppa:snwh/moka-icon-theme-daily sudo apt-get update @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ Ubuntu 14.04最棒的图标主题 ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Numix_Circle.jpeg) -上图中展示的是Numix 圆形图标主题。一些相似的图标主题和壁纸资源也是可以通过Numix PPA软件源获得的： +上图中展示的是 Numix 圆形图标主题。一些相似的图标主题和壁纸资源也是可以通过 Numix PPA 软件源获得的： sudo add-apt-repository ppa:numix/ppa sudo apt-get update @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ Ubuntu 14.04最棒的图标主题 via: http://itsfoss.com/best-icon-themes-ubuntu-1404/ -译者：[JonathanKang](https://github.com/JonathanKang) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[JonathanKang](https://github.com/JonathanKang) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From d1858d83fb7895341ce4b543af7a6ee19e7c9770 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Fri, 30 May 2014 14:22:24 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 356/601] Update 20140529 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md --- ...9 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140529 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md b/sources/tech/20140529 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md index edbb44ee2c..9ff6ca79ed 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140529 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140529 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -Translating by GOLinux ... +Translating by GOLinux ... No one can get it. How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS ================================================================================ Let me show you in this small tutorial, how to share 1 disk between 2 Linux guests os in Virtualbox. From 4a3ef5132a0370bc988a4ebd9b9ec39010287b8f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: shipsw Date: Fri, 30 May 2014 14:23:57 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 357/601] Update 20140529 Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md Translating by shipsw --- ...x World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/20140529 Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md b/sources/news/20140529 Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md index a4c2093399..fc01410872 100644 --- a/sources/news/20140529 Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md +++ b/sources/news/20140529 Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +##Translating by shipsw## Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015 ================================================================================ ![The Steam Machines will not be ready in 2014](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Linux-World-Domination-and-Steam-Machines-Delayed-Until-2015-444271-2.jpg) @@ -30,4 +31,4 @@ via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Linux-World-Domination-and-Steam-Machines-De 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 -[1]:http://steamcommunity.com/groups/steamuniverse#announcements/detail/1820891223906967821 \ No newline at end of file +[1]:http://steamcommunity.com/groups/steamuniverse#announcements/detail/1820891223906967821 From b0852fb3d30bf53d03aaa33db4d59be16e56a4d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: GOLinux Date: Fri, 30 May 2014 15:32:51 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 358/601] Translated:20140529 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md --- .../Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md | 112 ++++++++++++++++++ ...ks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md | 27 ++--- 2 files changed, 125 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-) create mode 100644 translated/talk/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md rename {sources => translated}/tech/20140529 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md (53%) diff --git a/translated/talk/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md b/translated/talk/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..73ed036112 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/talk/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +Linux大神们的顶级命令行秘诀 +================================================================================ +![](http://www.linuxinsider.com/images/rw509807/command-line.jpg) + +> "Command-line secrets? There aren't any such things," said blogger Robert Pogson. "Desperate newbie? Type 'help.' Still need a hint? Type 'man whatever.' Want more diversity? Type 'ls /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin | less,' pick out a few gems and type 'man whatever' all night long. I've been at it more than a decade. Still having fun." Of course, "one can be addicted to the point of destruction." +> “命令行秘诀？根本就没这玩样。”博主罗伯特·柏格森说。“新手们，你们失望了？那就猛敲‘help’吧。还想要点提示？随便‘man’个什么吧。想更多来点不同？敲‘ls /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin | less’，随便捡几个宝贝命令出来，整晚地‘man’去吧。我已经干那活超过十年了，到现在还玩得不亦乐乎。”当然，“ +**W**ell it was a relatively quiet week here in the Linux blogosphere, giving residents a long-overdue opportunity to catch their collective breath, enjoy a few Tequila Tux cocktails and take stock of all the FOSS-related happenings that have taken place over the past few weeks. + +Among the highlights, for those who missed them, were [the awarding][1] of the [IEEE][2] Computer Society's 2014 Computer Pioneer Award to none other than Linus Torvalds; [the arrival][3] of Tails OS 1.0; and, perhaps most exciting of all, [the release][4] of Seattle-based band [netcat's][5] debut album as a Linux kernel module. + +"Are you ever listening to an album, and thinking 'man, this sounds good, but I wish it crossed from user-space to kernel-space more often!'" netcat wrote on its Facebook page. "We got you covered. Our album is now fully playable as a loadable Linux kernel module." + +Linux Girl thought she had seen it all here in the Linux world, but now she realizes she was wrong. Thank you, netcat, for keeping life interesting! + +### 'Command Line Secrets' ### + +![](http://www.linuxinsider.com/images/article_images/linuxgirl_bg_pinkswirl_150x245.jpg) + +Speaking of interesting, there's nothing like a little shop talk around the bar to pass the time during a quiet week, and last week afforded a dose of that as well. Life is good here in the Linux blogosphere! + +The forum was Linux Voice -- that shiny, new magazine alert readers may remember [launched late last year][6] -- and the topic was none other than [command line secrets][7]. + +Linux Girl couldn't resist. + +### 'It Manages to Render Most Web Pages' ### + +"There are loads of really good reasons to use the command line," wrote the masterminds at Linux Voice. "It's the most powerful and concise method of interacting with your computer. + +"However, we decided to take a moment to look at some of its more obscure (and some would say pointless) uses," they added. + +Top of the magazine's list is the elinks Web browser: "It might not be as colorful as its more famous rivals, but it manages to render most Web pages," they explained. "As well has having geek-chic, it can come in handy when you just need to quickly check if a Web page is accessible from a computer you only have SSH access to." + +The list goes on from there to include looking up definitions on Wikipedia, among other tips. + +Down at the Broken Windows Lounge, patrons had plenty of suggestions of their own. + +### 'Great for Maintenance' ### + +"Very nice tips on CL commands, very nice," enthused Google+ blogger Alessandro Ebersol, for example. "But they forgot [cowsay][8], which is great for having some laughs in the darkness of a terminal." + +The command line "is great for maintenance," he added. "One can automate with bash scripts and make complex tasks with few (or just one) keystrokes." + +Other command line secrets Ebersol would add to the original list are sl (steam locomotive), along with [these nuggets][9]: + + * % cat "food in cans" + cat: can't open food in cans + * % nice man woman + No manual entry for woman. + * % [Where is Jimmy Hoffa? + Missing ]. + * % make love + Make: Don't know how to make love. Stop. + * % man: why did you get a divorce? + man:: Too many arguments. + +### 'The Most Precious Gem' ### + +"Command-line secrets? There aren't any such things," blogger [Robert Pogson][10] told Linux Girl. "Desperate newbie? Type 'help.' Still need a hint? Type 'man whatever.' Want more diversity? Type 'ls /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin | less,' pick out a few gems and type 'man whatever' all night long. I've been at it more than a decade. Still having fun." + +Pogson doesn't remember how long ago he discovered 'ssh,' but "it's the most precious gem of the FLOSS world," he said. + +"The awesome power of ssh is that the joy you have with typing commands on one computer can allow you a hundred times the joy on 100 computers," he added. "Of course, it's not fun to type passwords 100 times, so learn to use secure passwordless logins with ssh to make logging in remotely transparent." + +### 'Use It With Respect' ### + +Of course, "just as with any pleasurable activity, one can be addicted to the point of destruction," Pogson warned. "As root, you can type commands to delete everything or otherwise mess things up. + +"This is the nuclear option, and just as world leaders should sit on their hands and think carefully before pushing the button, value this power and use it with respect and higher motivations," he added. + +"I once deleted a file system because my thumb dragged the space bar into a command," Pogson concluded. "I only did that once. Honest." + +### 'Very Powerful' ### + +Google+ blogger Gonzalo Velasco C. was no less enthusiastic. + +"Even though the [GUI][11] tools are easier, in the *nix universe, the command line remains very powerful," he told Linux Girl. "Even some power MacOS users use them." + +As for Gonzalo Velasco C. himself, "the only commands I would like to master are the process control and killing, to use with ctrl+alt+backspace, so I can handle the one process that is giving me trouble, and the tar.gz files management -- that to this very day remains a pain for me," he said. + +#### 'Ur Doing It Wrong' #### + +Last but not least, SoylentNews blogger hairyfeet had a different perspective altogether. + +"The only thing I would add to a story about CLI is this: If you aren't working in IT and performing repetitive tasks where having an extremely simplistic, primitive way to script something is useful, and yet you are still using CLI, then 'ur doing it wrong,'" hairyfeet told Linux Girl. "A CLI isn't magic -- it's a GUI from the 1970s!" + +Today there are "useful GUIs thanks to actually having more CPU and RAM than a dollar-store watch -- we even have IDEs and scripting languages that can run rings around that 70s throwback, work across the WAN or LAN and interact with the deepest levels of the OS, all while being easier to use thanks to technologies like intellisense and autocomplete," he explained. "So why in God's name, if you aren't one of the 3 percent who are administering systems where every single byte counts, would you be dragging that old pile of junk out of mothballs?" + +Hairyfeet's best CLI advice? "Don't -- join the rest of the planet in the 21st century and learn how to use real languages and tools," he concluded. "Let CLI join bubble memory and floppies on the dustbin of history." + +> atherine Noyes is always on duty in her role as Linux Girl, whose cape she has worn since 2007. A mild-mannered journalist by day, she spends her evenings haunting the seedy bars and watering holes of the Linux blogosphere in search of the latest gossip. You can also find her on [Twitter][12] and [Google+][13]. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/80437.html?rss=1 + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.computer.org/portal/web/pressroom/Linus-Torvalds-Named-Recipient-of-the-2014-IEEE-Computer-Society-Computer-Pioneer-Award +[2]:http://www.ieee.org/ +[3]:http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/80386.html +[4]:https://www.facebook.com/netcatband/posts/755205877853161?stream_ref=10 +[5]:http://www.netcat.co/ +[6]:http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/79448.html +[7]:http://www.linuxvoice.com/commandline-secrets/ +[8]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowsay +[9]:https://www.linux.com/community/blogs/133-general-linux/10408 +[10]:http://mrpogson.com/ +[11]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUI +[12]:http://twitter.com/noyesk +[13]:https://plus.google.com/+KatherineNoyes?rel=author \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/20140529 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md b/translated/tech/20140529 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md similarity index 53% rename from sources/tech/20140529 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md rename to translated/tech/20140529 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md index 9ff6ca79ed..6ea613f965 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140529 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md +++ b/translated/tech/20140529 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md @@ -1,48 +1,47 @@ -Translating by GOLinux ... No one can get it. -How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS +在VirtualBox中的Linux客户机系统间共享磁盘 ================================================================================ -Let me show you in this small tutorial, how to share 1 disk between 2 Linux guests os in Virtualbox. +在本教程中，让我来给你们展示一下如何在VirtualBox中的两个Linux客户机系统间共享一个磁盘。 -This tutorial will be very helpful, if you want to Configure and play with GFS or cluster machines. +本教程对于那些想配置一下并玩玩GFS或者集群的人来说还是很有帮助的。 -The the normal screenshot of Virtualbox: +下图是VirtualBox的标准界面： ![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/2014-05-28_102225.png) -First, Guest OS Centos1: +第一个客户系统机CentOS1： ![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/2014-05-28_102252.png) -Second Guest OS Centos2: +第二个客户机系统CentOS2： ![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/2014-05-28_102314.png) -Add Extra disk to First machine: +给第一台机器添加额外的磁盘： ![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/2014-05-28_102459.png) -via File -> Virtual Media manager (Control+D): +点击文件->虚拟介质管理器（Control+D）打开虚拟介质管理器界面： ![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/2014-05-28_102657.png) -Make the disk Shareable: +设置磁盘为可共享（Shareable）： ![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/2014-05-28_102719.png) -From Guest Centos 2, you can add existing disk that was created before Centos1 guest OS: +在客户机CentOS 2上，你可以添加现有磁盘，该磁盘在CentOS1客户机系统之前已经创建好： ![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/v2014-05-28_113908.png) -After this restart the 2 Guest os, you can check if the drive is add: +完成后，你可以重启第二个客户机系统，并检查驱动器是否已经添加： ![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/2014-05-28_111903.png) -That’s it. +大功告成。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://www.unixmen.com/share-disks-virtualbox-linux-guest-os/ -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 3d9c1698c0fd7bf17fc3539df7ec7aeb32d0b1ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Fri, 30 May 2014 15:39:18 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 359/601] Update Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md --- sources/talk/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md b/sources/talk/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md index a5759da8c6..0317f39d67 100644 --- a/sources/talk/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md +++ b/sources/talk/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +No one wanna get it? OK. Let me do it. GOLinux ... Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets ================================================================================ ![](http://www.linuxinsider.com/images/rw509807/command-line.jpg) @@ -109,4 +110,4 @@ via: http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/80437.html?rss=1 [10]:http://mrpogson.com/ [11]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUI [12]:http://twitter.com/noyesk -[13]:https://plus.google.com/+KatherineNoyes?rel=author \ No newline at end of file +[13]:https://plus.google.com/+KatherineNoyes?rel=author From 3e8cd97ff53e2f375a3e783eade1b37c57265d97 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Fri, 30 May 2014 15:45:32 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 360/601] [Translating]Setup Backup Server Using Bacula And Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04 --- ... Backup Server Using Bacula And Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md | 5 ++++- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140528 Setup Backup Server Using Bacula And Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/tech/20140528 Setup Backup Server Using Bacula And Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md index 4927afbb5a..4b87e9c7d8 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140528 Setup Backup Server Using Bacula And Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140528 Setup Backup Server Using Bacula And Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -1,3 +1,6 @@ +Translating-----------geekpi + + Setup Backup Server Using Bacula And Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04 ================================================================================ **Bacula** is an open source network backup solution that permits you to backup and restore the data’s from a local or group of remote networked computers. It is very easy in terms of installation and configuration with many advanced storage management features. @@ -187,4 +190,4 @@ via: http://www.unixmen.com/setup-backup-server-using-bacula-webmin-ubuntu-14-04 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 -[1]:http://www.unixmen.com/install-webmin-ubuntu-14-04/ \ No newline at end of file +[1]:http://www.unixmen.com/install-webmin-ubuntu-14-04/ From 7724e839315bb72952354ca45a8b10b5e72f6a13 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Fri, 30 May 2014 15:59:57 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 361/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9ABest=20Icon?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Themes=20For=20Ubuntu=2014.04?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @JonathanKang 发布了~ --- .../tech => published}/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md (97%) diff --git a/translated/tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md b/published/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md similarity index 97% rename from translated/tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md rename to published/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md index 26da46f49a..5f8bcc1445 100644 --- a/translated/tech/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ b/published/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ -Ubuntu 14.04 最棒的图标主题 +五个 Ubuntu 14.04 最佳图标集 ================================================================================ ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Ubuntu_Trusty_Tahr_Best_Icons.jpeg) -还在苦苦寻找方法来让你的 Ubuntu 14.04 更加漂亮吗？那就赶紧给你的系统换套图标吧！如果你还没发现哪些图标主题很棒，不用着急，我已经整理了一些适用于**Ubuntu 14.04的最佳图标集**。不过在欣赏这些图标集之前，我还是先向你介绍一下如何应用图标主题吧。 +还在苦苦折腾让你的 Ubuntu 14.04 更加漂亮的方法吗？那就赶紧给你的系统换套图标吧！如果你还没发现哪些图标主题很棒，不用着急，我已经整理了一些适用于**Ubuntu 14.04的最佳图标集**。不过在欣赏这些图标集之前，我还是先向你介绍一下如何应用图标主题吧。 ### 如何在 Ubuntu 系统中应用新图标集： ### @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ Ubuntu 14.04 最棒的图标主题 sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install numix-icon-theme numix-icon-theme-circle -#### Uniform: #### +#### Uniform: #### ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Uniform_Icons.jpeg) From 0fe538d57c21848417a2462122a5c3263b58a144 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: shipsw Date: Fri, 30 May 2014 16:01:33 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 362/601] Delete 20140529 Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 翻译完成 删除 --- ...n and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md | 34 ------------------- 1 file changed, 34 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/20140529 Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md diff --git a/sources/news/20140529 Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md b/sources/news/20140529 Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md deleted file mode 100644 index fc01410872..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20140529 Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,34 +0,0 @@ -##Translating by shipsw## -Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015 -================================================================================ -![The Steam Machines will not be ready in 2014](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Linux-World-Domination-and-Steam-Machines-Delayed-Until-2015-444271-2.jpg) - -The gaming community is anxious to get their hands on the new Linux-based Steam Machines from Valve, but it seems that the launch of this console hybrid is being delayed until next year. - -Valve is not a company known for its punctuality and it looks like the upcoming Steam Machines will definitely fit the profile. But what are these Steam Machines everyone is talking about? - -The company announced only a year and a half ago that they were launching the Steam for Linux client, and a few months ago Valve released SteamOS, a Linux distribution based on Debian that will power a console / PC hybrid. It will try to rival the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in the living room. - -The only difference is that Valve is thinking about this console model a little bit differently. They want to have a console that can be upgraded with new parts and that is built by numerous third-party companies according to a set of specifications, which are not very constraining. - -To make things even better, Valve is working on a new controller that will revolutionize the way people play games on the consoles, especially for first-person shooters and strategies. Unfortunately, as you can see, this is a lot of work and the proposed 2014 goal is no longer viable. - -“We’re now using wireless prototype controllers to conduct live playtests, with everyone from industry professionals to die-hard gamers to casual gamers. It's generating a ton of useful feedback, and it means we'll be able to make the controller a lot better. Of course, it's also keeping us pretty busy making all those improvements. Realistically, we're now looking at a release window of 2015, not 2014.” - -“Obviously we're just as eager as you are to get a Steam Machine in your hands. But our number one priority is making sure that when you do, you'll be getting the best gaming experience possible. We hope you'll be patient with us while we get there. Until then, we’ll continue to post updates as we have more stories to share,” [said][1] a Valve representative in the Steam Universe discussion group. - -This can indicate a number of problems that need to be solved, beside the fact that the Steam controller is nowhere near ready. It's very possible that their operating system, SteamOS, is not prepared to take on such a huge task. There are still problems with the drivers and it will take a long time to fix them. - -The AMD support is rather poor and Valve really wants the Steam Machines project to be a powerful competition. The biggest problem is probably the price, which is high at the moment, as it surpasses PS4 and Xbox One by a lot. - -Valve and the companies that are building the consoles probably need more time to get the prices down and to improve the final quality of the product, hardware and software-wise. They also need more games under their belt, so postponing the Linux domination of the world by another six months, into 2015, may not be such a bad thing. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Linux-World-Domination-and-Steam-Machines-Delayed-Until-2015-444271.shtml - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://steamcommunity.com/groups/steamuniverse#announcements/detail/1820891223906967821 From 430c8a84f4755abc6cc5306e0ee725f4c59f61cd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: shipsw Date: Fri, 30 May 2014 16:04:02 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 363/601] Create Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 翻译完毕 更新 --- ...n and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md | 33 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 33 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/news/Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md diff --git a/translated/news/Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md b/translated/news/Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7ccad06e19 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +Linux World Domination 和蒸汽机推迟到2015年 +================================================================================ +![2014年 Steam Machines 将不会发布](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Linux-World-Domination-and-Steam-Machines-Delayed-Until-2015-444271-2.jpg) + +游戏社区急于期盼 Valve 发布的基于 Linux 的 Steam Machines(译注：一个基于Linux的控制台游戏机)，但是看起来这个产品会推迟到明年发布了。 + +Valve 并不是一个守时的公司，看起来即将到来的 Steam Machines 发布正好符合公司的风格。但是大家都在讨论的 Steam Machines 到底是个什么东西？ + +一年半前该公司宣布推出 Steam Linux的客户端，数月前 Valve 发布了SteamOS， 基于 Debian 的一个控制台和PC混合的 Linux 发行版。该产品将和 PlayStation 4 和 Xbox 共同争夺家庭市场。 + +唯一的不同是 Valve 对这个控制台有些不同的想法。他们想使得控制台可以升级大量第三方公司开发的组件，这些组件符合统一的标准。 + +为了使得游戏体验更好，Valve 正致力于开发新一代的控制台，该控制台将刷新用户在控制台上玩游戏的体验，尤其是第一人称射击和策略游戏。不幸的是，可以想象得到，这是个艰巨的任务，2014年发布的目标已经无法达成了。 + +“我们正在使用一个无线原型机进行现场测试，测试用户包含铁杆玩家、业内人士和休闲玩家。我们收到了海量的反馈，这意味着我们的控制器会开发的更好。当然也搞的我们忙于修改所有的改进。现在来看，我们正在计划2015年发布产品而不是2014年。” + +“我们和大家一样非常期望 Steam Machines 能尽快拿到手。但是我们首要保证的是一旦你拿到手，你将得到前所未有的游戏体验。希望大家能和我们一起耐心等待。在那之前，我们将继续发布更新如果我们有更多信息的话，” Steam Universe 社区里的 Valve [发言人说>][1]。 + +这可能意味着需要解决掉一些问题，但是 Steam Machines 远没有完成。很可能他们的 SteamOS 操作系统并没有准备好应付这么艰巨的任务。驱动程序也有些问题需要较长的时间去修复。 + +AMD的技术支持太差了，Valve 确实是想使得 Steam Machines 项目成为一个有竞争力项目。最大的问题就是价格，将会比 PS4 和 Xbox 高多了。 + +Valve 和控制台厂商需要更多时间去降低成本，提高产品和软硬件的质量。他们也需要更多的游戏进驻，所以将 Linux domination of the world 推迟了六个月，推迟到2015年，这也许不是件坏事。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Linux-World-Domination-and-Steam-Machines-Delayed-Until-2015-444271.shtml + +译者：[shipsw](https://github.com/shipsw) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://steamcommunity.com/groups/steamuniverse#announcements/detail/1820891223906967821 From ab37655c2056cb031d3a002d5ea93d9e23e64ee9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: shipsw Date: Fri, 30 May 2014 16:06:02 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 364/601] Update Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md --- ...ux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/translated/news/Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md b/translated/news/Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md index 7ccad06e19..b3c4ebf38c 100644 --- a/translated/news/Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md +++ b/translated/news/Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Valve 并不是一个守时的公司，看起来即将到来的 Steam Machines 这可能意味着需要解决掉一些问题，但是 Steam Machines 远没有完成。很可能他们的 SteamOS 操作系统并没有准备好应付这么艰巨的任务。驱动程序也有些问题需要较长的时间去修复。 -AMD的技术支持太差了，Valve 确实是想使得 Steam Machines 项目成为一个有竞争力项目。最大的问题就是价格，将会比 PS4 和 Xbox 高多了。 +AMD的支持太差了，Valve 确实是想使得 Steam Machines 项目成为一个有竞争力项目。最大的问题就是价格，将会比 PS4 和 Xbox 高多了。 Valve 和控制台厂商需要更多时间去降低成本，提高产品和软硬件的质量。他们也需要更多的游戏进驻，所以将 Linux domination of the world 推迟了六个月，推迟到2015年，这也许不是件坏事。 From c4c284dc1bceab40d3fc00867a7b0a675b94b2af Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Fri, 30 May 2014 16:29:50 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 365/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140530-1=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...o Install Linux On A MacBook Pro Retina.md | 142 ++++++++++++++++++ ...ommand--A recorder inside your Terminal.md | 85 +++++++++++ 2 files changed, 227 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140530 How To Install Linux On A MacBook Pro Retina.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20140530 How To Install Linux On A MacBook Pro Retina.md b/sources/tech/20140530 How To Install Linux On A MacBook Pro Retina.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ec6f1822a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140530 How To Install Linux On A MacBook Pro Retina.md @@ -0,0 +1,142 @@ +How To Install Linux On A MacBook Pro Retina +================================================================================ +![](http://main.makeuseoflimited.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/linux-macbook-pro-retina-840x420.jpg?ec7b17) + +MacBook Pros come with some very nice hardware, but some people want more. Some people want Linux. + +Whether you’d like a more open and customizable operating system or simply need to dual-boot in order to access certain software, you might want Linux on your MacBook. The thing is, MacBook Pros are also pretty closed-down pieces of hardware that make installing other operating systems difficult – Linux more so than Windows. Boot Camp won’t help you with Linux, even though it doesn’t mean it’s impossible. Here’s how to do it. + +### Why Install Linux On A MacBook Pro Retina? ### + +The reasoning for installing Linux on a MacBook Pro might seem a bit strange at first – isn’t OS X one of the main reasons to get a Mac? That might be true, but another great reason to get a Mac is the hardware. They offer excellent performance, superb battery life, and long durability. For the ones with a Retina display, you’re also wanting a HiDPI experience for ultra-crisp photos and text. + +But if you don’t like Mac OS X, or simply need to use Linux, you may want to put another operating system on that Mac hardware. Linux is lean, open, and highly customizable. Who says that you can’t bring the two together in a happy marriage? Well, Apple might have a word to say about that, but you probably don’t care anyways. + +Note: For the purposes of this tutorial, we’ll be using Ubuntu, the [most popular Linux distribution][1], as our preferred choice. You’re free to choose a different distribution, but you can then only follow these steps are generic guidelines and not exact instructions. We claim no responsibility for any damage that is done to your system. Additionally, this tutorial assumes that you want to dual-boot between Linux and Mac OS X. It’s recommended to keep Mac OS X on the hard drive so that you can update the firmware if needed — something you cannot do in Linux. + +Before we even start with the first step, make sure that your computer is backed up in case anything goes wrong. How you do this is up to you, so feel free to use Time Machine, CrashPlan, or whatever else you might prefer. + +### Download Ubuntu ### + +First, you’ll want to get a [copy of the Ubuntu desktop ISO image][2]. Be sure to choose the 64-bit desktop flavor, and not the image made for Macs. The regular image can boot up in BIOS and EFI modes, while the Mac image can only boot up in BIOS mode. This was done on purpose for some Macs, but we want to be able to boot it up in EFI mode. + +### Write to USB Drive ### + +Next, grab a USB flash drive that is at least 2GB large – we’ll use this to boot up the Ubuntu installer on. To make this drive you can follow [the official Ubuntu steps][3], or [use the dedicated GUI tool for the job][4]. + +### Resize Partitions ### + +![](http://main.makeuseoflimited.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/mac_linux_disk_utility.jpg?ec7b17) + +nce you’ve done that, you can get your MacBook Pro ready for the installation. Open up the Disk Utility, click on your hard drive on the left side, and then choose the Partitions tab. Resize the Mac partition to whatever size you’d like it to be — we’ll use the newly created free space to install Ubuntu. + +### Boot Up Ubuntu Image ### + +![](http://main.makeuseoflimited.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/mac_linux_boot.jpg?ec7b17) + +After that’s completed, plug in the USB flash drive you prepared and restart your MacBook Pro. Be sure to hold down the Options button from when the screen blanks out for a second to when you see a screen with various boot options. Choose the EFI option (the left one in case you see two of them) to boot up your Ubuntu USB flash drive. + +When prompted to choose between “Try Ubuntu” and “Install Ubuntu”, choose “Try Ubuntu” because we’ll need to perform a step after the installer completes but before you restart the system. + +### Installer ### + +Once the Ubuntu desktop loads, start the installer and go through it normally until you reach the partitioning step. If you cannot access WiFi, it’s because Ubuntu currently doesn’t recognize your WiFi chipset. Don’t worry – we don’t need to have Internet access right now, and it’ll detect the right driver to use whenever you boot up into your new installation later on. + +![](http://main.makeuseoflimited.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/mac_linux_installer_partitions.jpg?ec7b17) + +Once you come to the partitioning step, choose to “Do something else”. Then, make sure that the small partition that’s ~128MB large is recognized as an EFI boot partition (you can check by clicking on it and choosing Options; additionally, that should be /dev/sda1). Next, you can create an ext4 partition in the new space and have the path “/” be mounted to it. You can also create multiple partitions here if you prefer that and know what you’re doing. + +Before you continue to the next step, make sure that the bootloader installation location says /dev/sda1, as you want GRUB to be installed into that partition. Then, finish off the installation like normal. + +### EFI Boot Fix ### + +![](http://main.makeuseoflimited.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/mac_linux_efibootmgr.jpg?ec7b17) + +When the installer completes, don’t restart just yet! We still need to do one more thing so that we’ll be able to use GRUB. Run the following command: + + sudo apt-get install efibootmgr + +This will temporarily install a configuration tool for EFI boot setups. Next, run + + sudo efibootmgr + +This will print out the current boot configuration to your screen. In this, you should be able to see “ubuntu” and “Boot0000*”. Currently, the EFI system will point to Boot0080*, which skips GRUB and goes directly to Mac OS X. To fix this, run the command + + sudo efibootmgr -o 0,80` + +Now you can restart! + +Congratulations! Your Ubuntu installation should now be working! However, there are a few tweaks that you can perform to have a better experience. + +### Various Tweaks ### + +First, you’ll need to make a quick change to a GRUB setting so that the SSD won’t occasionally freeze. Type + + sudo nano /etc/default/grub + +in a terminal, and then find the line with **GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX** and change it to **GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="libata.force=noncq"**. Hit CTRL+X to save, and Y then Enter to confirm. Then, you’ll want to type + + sudo nano /etc/grub.d/40_custom + +into the terminal, which will open up a new file. In it, type this exactly: + + menuentry "Mac OS X" { + exit + } + +This will allow you to boot into your Mac OS X installation (the 32-bit and 64-bit entries in GRUB do not work). Do the same thing to save and exit, then type in + + sudo update-grub + +for the changes to go into effect. Finally, restart your system for good measure. + +![](http://main.makeuseoflimited.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/mac_linux_small_retina.jpg?ec7b17) + +As you can see, everything is ridiculously small on the Retina display. To fix this, System Settings –> Display and change the scaling factor to something larger. On the Retina screen, everything will look extremely tiny and it will make your life much more difficult if you don’t change it to something you like. + +You may also find that it’s difficult to grab the edges of a window for resizing. This can also be changed. Type + + sudo nano /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/metacity-1/metacity-theme-1.xml + +into a terminal, and then change these values appropriately: + + + + + +If that’s not big enough, you can also change those values to “6″ instead. + +Finally, if you experience any washed out colors, you can grab the display color profile from Mac OS X and use it in Ubuntu. Mount your Mac OS X drive and navigate to + + /Library/ColorSync/Profiles/Displays/Color LCD-xxxxxx.icc + +where xxxxxx is some random string (there should only be one file anyways, but this string gets randomized). Copy it into your Ubuntu home folder, and then go to System Settings –> Color and choose Add New Profile and choose the profile you saved in your home folder. + +### Conclusion ### + +![](http://main.makeuseoflimited.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/mac_linux_final.jpg?ec7b17) + +Congratulations! You now have a great working Linux installation on your MacBook Pro Retina! Feel free to make additional tweaks to [make Ubuntu feel more like home][5]. I’m sure that these instructions can be applied to other Mac systems, but each new release has its own pitfalls and advantages. If you use a different machine, it’s a good idea to look up some documentation first, such as [this][6] for Ubuntu. + +Additionally, feel free to check out [other great Linux distros][7] that you can install to your Mac! + +Have you installed Linux on a Mac? What problems did you encounter and how did you solve it? Let us know in the comments! + +Image Credits: [K?rlis Dambr?ns][8] Via Flickr + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/install-linux-macbook-pro/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/windows-xp-users-switch-ubuntu-14-04-lts-trusty-tahr/ +[2]:http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/ +[3]:http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/create-a-usb-stick-on-mac-osx +[4]:http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/how-to-boot-a-linux-live-usb-stick-on-your-mac/ +[5]:http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/11-tweaks-perform-ubuntu-installation/ +[6]:https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBookPro +[7]:http://www.makeuseof.com/pages/best-linux-distributions +[8]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/janitors/10037346335 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md b/sources/tech/20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fa439287bd --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +Linux script command - A recorder inside your Terminal +================================================================================ +When you are working on the terminal or console, you may want to record what you have done in the terminal. The recording can be used as a documentation about what happen in terminal. Let say you are working together with some Linux Administrators at the same time. Or you let someone to remote your server. You may want to record about what happen in the terminal. To do this, you can use script command. + +### What is script ### + +script is a command that make a typescript that printed in the terminal. It is useful for everyone who need a hardcopy record of the session that happened in the terminal. This record can be saved and printed out later. + +### How to use it ### + +By default, we can start script with typing script on the terminal. + + pungki@dev-machine:~$ script + Script started, file is typescript + pungki@dev-machine:~$ + +You can also define a destination filename to write the result of typescript. + + pungki@dev-machine:~$ script myfile + +![Define script file](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/start_script.png) + +When you received a command prompt again, it means the terminal will record anything that is printed in terminal. + +You will see in the current directory, there is a file named typescript. + +### Why we use script command ### + +As we mention before, script has main function to record everything. Here’s two samples of scenarios why we are using it. + +#### Collaborate with colleague #### + +When working together with your colleague, we can record your activity with script. +Let say we will use a typescript file called **collaborate**. To do that type : + + $ script collaborate + +![Create collaborate file](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/collaborate.png) + +Then after doing some tasks, let say you need to send your work to another engineer. Just send the file. So when the other engineer need to review what was done, he can just open the file using a text editor. + +If he want to update the file, he can use **-a** option. + + $ script -a collaborate + +![Append the file](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/collaborate_append.png) + +#### Record someone activity in the terminal #### + +You may let your engineer or someone to enter your system remotely. To make sure that your engineer are doing right, you can record what he had done to your system. To make the script command run automatically upon login, we can add it on your shell profile. If you are using **bash** shell, add this line into your bash profile. + + $ vi ~/.profile + + # run the script command to record everything + # use -q for quite and -a option to append the script + # + /usr/bin/script -qa /usr/local/script/log_record_script + +![Add script to bash profile](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/script_login.png) + +Then save it. Next time he logged in to your system, script command will automatically run and put the log on the **/usr/local/script/log_record_script** + +![Script without notification](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/remote_script_quite.png) + +The option **-q** will run script command in quite mode. The user who logged in will not have any notification that the script command is run. While **-a** option will add the record without erasing the previous record. + +If we don’t use **-q** option, then when the user logged on, the user will get a notification about script as the picture below. + +![Script with notification](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/remote_script.png) + +### Quit recording ### + +To exit the record activity, we can press **Ctrl+D** button or type **exit** from the terminal. Before you exit from script, you will find the size of the record file is 0 Kb. After you exit from script, the file size will change. + +### Conclusion ### + +Script command may useful when you need to record or documenting what happen in the terminal. The record file will be stored as a text file, so it will easy to open it with any text editor. As usual, we can always type **man script** or **script -h** to display its manual page and explore it more detail. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/script-command-recorder/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file From bc3263b63c779e9dcd7e2cd305efce42bfc6b927 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Fri, 30 May 2014 16:35:27 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 366/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140530-2=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...A' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md | 35 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 35 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md b/sources/tech/20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5b254f80c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +Fix “Cannot Add PPA” Error In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint +================================================================================ +![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/PPA_Error_Ubuntu.jpeg) + +A regular reader of It’s FOSS, Chetan Jain contacted me today with this question: How can I fix “Cannot add PPA” error in Ubuntu 14.04. Chetan was trying to install [TLP (power management tool to reduce overheting)][1] and encountered this error: + + chetan@Inspiron-3521:~$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:linrunner/tlp + Cannot add PPA: ‘ppa:linrunner/tlp’. + Please check that the PPA name or format is correct. + +If you encounter similar error while adding a PPA in Ubuntu or Mint, don’t worry. It’s one of the (less) common issue with PPA and can be solved easily. + +### Fix Cannot add PPA error in Ubuntu and Linux Mint ### + +There can be mainly two reasons behind this kind of error. Either the CA certificates on your system are broken or there is a proxy set up in your network. + +Let’s first try to reinstall the CA certificates: + + sudo apt-get install --reinstall ca-certificates + +If the above command doesn’t work, perhaps there is proxy settings involved. To pass proxy settings to sudo, use it with E option in the following manner: + + sudo -E add-apt-repository ppa:linrunner/tlp + +This will get the PPA working. Chetan’s issue was solved with the second solution. I hope this quick tip help you as well to get rid of the PPA error. Any questions or suggestions are always welcomed. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://itsfoss.com/fix-add-ppa-error-ubuntu-1404-linux-mint/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://itsfoss.com/solve-overheating-issue-battery-life-ubuntu-1304/ \ No newline at end of file From dc125b2eb260f099062b3a1c7ffecb3378917043 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Fri, 30 May 2014 16:41:00 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 367/601] [Translating]20140528 Setup Backup Server Using Bacula And Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04 --- ...Using Bacula And Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md | 193 ------------------ ...Using Bacula And Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md | 190 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 190 insertions(+), 193 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20140528 Setup Backup Server Using Bacula And Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20140528 Setup Backup Server Using Bacula And Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20140528 Setup Backup Server Using Bacula And Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/tech/20140528 Setup Backup Server Using Bacula And Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4b87e9c7d8..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20140528 Setup Backup Server Using Bacula And Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,193 +0,0 @@ -Translating-----------geekpi - - -Setup Backup Server Using Bacula And Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04 -================================================================================ -**Bacula** is an open source network backup solution that permits you to backup and restore the data’s from a local or group of remote networked computers. It is very easy in terms of installation and configuration with many advanced storage management features. - -In this tutorial, let us see how to install and configure Bacula on Ubuntu 14.04 server. My test box IP address is **192.168.1.250/24**, and hostname is **server.unixmen.local**. Well, now let me get us into the tutorial. - -### Install Bacula ### - -Bacula uses an SQL database to manage its information. We can use either MySQL or PostgreSQL database. In this tutorial, I use MySQL server. - -Enter the following command to install MySQL server. - - sudo apt-get update - sudo apt-get upgrade - sudo apt-get install mysql-server - -During MySQL installation, you’ll be asked to set the database administrator password. Enter the password and click Ok. - -![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sk@server-_0012.png) - -Re-enter the password: - -![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sk@server-_0021.png) - -Now, let us install bacula using the following command: - - sudo apt-get install bacula-server bacula-client - -By default, Bacula uses Postfix MTA. During installation, you’ll be asked to configure Postfix. - -![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sk@server-_0031.png) - -Select Internet Site and click Ok. - -![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sk@server-_0041.png) - -Enter server fully qualified name(FQDN): - -![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sk@server-_0051.png) - -Now, select Yes to configure database for Bacula with dbconfig-common. - -![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sk@server-_006.png) - -Enter the MySQL database administrator password: - -![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sk@server-_0071.png) - -Set password for bacula-director-mysql to register with the database server. If left blank, a random password will be generated. - -![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sk@server-_0081.png) - -Re-enter the password: - -![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sk@server-_0091.png) - -### Create Backup and Restore Directories ### - -Now, let us backup and restore directories. - - sudo mkdir -p /mybackup/backup /mybackup/restore - -Set permissions and ownership to the above directories: - - sudo chown -R bacula:bacula /mybackup/ - sudo chown -R 700 /mybackup/ - -### Configure Bacula ### - -Bacula has many configuration files which we have to configure. - -**Update Bacula Director configuration:** - - sudo vi /etc/bacula/bacula-dir.conf - -Find the following section, and update the restore path. In our case,** /mybackup/restore** is my restore location. - - [...] - Job { - Name = "RestoreFiles" - Type = Restore - Client=server-fd - FileSet="Full Set" - Storage = File - Pool = Default - Messages = Standard - Where = /mybackup/restore - } - [...] - -Scroll down to “list of files to be backed up” section, and set the path of the directory to backup. For this tutorial, I want to backup the “**/home/sk**” directory. So, I included this directory path in the “File” parameter. - - [...] - - # By default this is defined to point to the Bacula binary - # directory to give a reasonable FileSet to backup to - # disk storage during initial testing. - # - File = /home/sk - } - [...] - -Scroll down further, fins the section **Exclude** section. Set the list of directories to be excluded from the backup. Here, I excluded the backup folder **/mybackup** directory from being backed up. - - [...] - - # If you backup the root directory, the following two excluded - # files can be useful - # - Exclude { - File = /var/lib/bacula - File = /nonexistant/path/to/file/archive/dir - File = /proc - File = /tmp - File = /.journal - File = /.fsck - File = /mybackup - } - } - [...] - -Save and close file. - -**Update Bacula Storage Daemon settings:** - -Edit **/etc/bacula/bacula-sd.conf**, - - sudo vi /etc/bacula/bacula-sd.conf - -Set the backup folder location. i.e **/mybackup/backup** in our case. - - [...] - - Device { - Name = FileStorage - Media Type = File - Archive Device = /mybackup/backup - LabelMedia = yes; # lets Bacula label unlabeled media - Random Access = Yes; - AutomaticMount = yes; # when device opened, read it - RemovableMedia = no; - AlwaysOpen = no; - } - [...] - -Now, check if all the configurations are valid as shown below. If the commands displays nothing, the configuration changes are valid. - - sudo bacula-dir -tc /etc/bacula/bacula-dir.conf - sudo bacula-sd -tc /etc/bacula/bacula-sd.conf - -Once you done all the changes, restart all bacula services. - - sudo /etc/init.d/bacula-director restart - sudo /etc/init.d/bacula-fd restart - sudo /etc/init.d/bacula-sd restart - -That’s it. Now, bacula has been installed and configured successfully. - -### Manage Bacula Using Webmin ### - -Managing and working with Bacula via command line is bit difficult. So let use a graphical system administration tool called “webmin” to ease our tasks. - -Follow the below link to install Webmin on Ubuntu 14.04. - -- [Install Webmin on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS][1] -注：此链接文章在另一篇里，如果也翻译发布了，那么可以更改这个链接地址 - -Now, go to the Webmin interface using URL https://ip-address:10000. Go to the System tab on the left pane and click on the Module configuration link. If it not found under system, search it from the unused modules section. - -![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Webmin-1.690-on-server.unixmen.local-Ubuntu-Linux-14.04-Mozilla-Firefox_002.png) - -Select MySQL in the database section. Enter the MySQL database administrator password, and click Save button. - -![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Webmin-1.690-on-server.unixmen.local-Ubuntu-Linux-14.04-Mozilla-Firefox_003.png) - -That’s it. Now you’ll be able to configure Bacula from webmin easily. Start adding backup clients, volumes and schedule the jobs. - -![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Webmin-1.690-on-server.unixmen.local-Ubuntu-Linux-14.04-Mozilla-Firefox_004.png) - -Cheers! - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.unixmen.com/setup-backup-server-using-bacula-webmin-ubuntu-14-04/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.unixmen.com/install-webmin-ubuntu-14-04/ diff --git a/translated/tech/20140528 Setup Backup Server Using Bacula And Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md b/translated/tech/20140528 Setup Backup Server Using Bacula And Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0e79919449 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20140528 Setup Backup Server Using Bacula And Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -0,0 +1,190 @@ +在Ubuntu 14.04 上使用Bacula和Webmin设置备份服务器 +================================================================================ +**Bacula**是一个开源网络备份解决方案,允许你在本地或者远程计算机组上备份或者还原数据。许多高级存储管理特性配置与安装是很容易的。 + +主机名是**server.unixmen.local**。现在让我们进入教程吧。 + +### 安装 Bacula ### + +Bacula使用SQL数据库管理它的信息。我们可以使用MySQL或者PostgreSQL数据库。本篇教程中，我使用MySQL。 + +输入下面的命令安装MySQL服务器。 + + sudo apt-get update + sudo apt-get upgrade + sudo apt-get install mysql-server + +在安装MySQL的过程中，可能提示需要输入数据库管理员密码。输入密码后按下OK。 + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sk@server-_0012.png) + +重新输入密码： + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sk@server-_0021.png) + +现在使用下面的命令安装bacula： + + sudo apt-get install bacula-server bacula-client + +Bacula默认使用Postfix MTA。安装过程中，你会被要求配置Postfix。 + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sk@server-_0031.png) + +选择Internet站点并点击OK。 + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sk@server-_0041.png) + +输入服务器完整网域名称： + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sk@server-_0051.png) + +现在输入yes用dbconfig-common来配置Bacula数据库。 + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sk@server-_006.png) + +输入MySQL数据库管理员密码： + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sk@server-_0071.png) + +设置bacula-director-mysql密码注册数据库。如果空白，会生成一个随机密码。 + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sk@server-_0081.png) + +重新输入密码： + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sk@server-_0091.png) + +### 创建备份与还原目录 ### + +现在，让我们创建备份与还原目录。 + + sudo mkdir -p /mybackup/backup /mybackup/restore + +设置上面目录的权限与所属用户/组： + + sudo chown -R bacula:bacula /mybackup/ + sudo chown -R 700 /mybackup/ + +### 配置 Bacula ### + +Bacula有很多配置文件需要我们配置。 + +**更新 Bacula Director 配置:** + + sudo vi /etc/bacula/bacula-dir.conf + +找到下面的字段，并更新还原路径。本篇中，** /mybackup/restore**是我的还原位置。 + + [...] + Job { + Name = "RestoreFiles" + Type = Restore + Client=server-fd + FileSet="Full Set" + Storage = File + Pool = Default + Messages = Standard + Where = /mybackup/restore + } + [...] + +滚动到“list of files to be backed up”字段，并设置备份的目录。本篇教程中，我希望备份“**/home/sk**”目录。所以我包这个目录包含进了“File”参数中。 + + [...] + + # By default this is defined to point to the Bacula binary + # directory to give a reasonable FileSet to backup to + # disk storage during initial testing. + # + File = /home/sk + } + [...] + +继续向下滚动，找到**Exclude** 字段，设置排除在备份目录外的目录列表。这里，我排除了目录**/mybackup**。 + + [...] + + # If you backup the root directory, the following two excluded + # files can be useful + # + Exclude { + File = /var/lib/bacula + File = /nonexistant/path/to/file/archive/dir + File = /proc + File = /tmp + File = /.journal + File = /.fsck + File = /mybackup + } + } + [...] + +保存并关闭文件。 + +**更新 Bacula 存储守护进程设置:** + +编辑 **/etc/bacula/bacula-sd.conf**, + + sudo vi /etc/bacula/bacula-sd.conf + +设置备份目录位置，也就是本篇中的**/mybackup/backup**。 + + [...] + + Device { + Name = FileStorage + Media Type = File + Archive Device = /mybackup/backup + LabelMedia = yes; # lets Bacula label unlabeled media + Random Access = Yes; + AutomaticMount = yes; # when device opened, read it + RemovableMedia = no; + AlwaysOpen = no; + } + [...] + +现在如下检查是否所有的配置是有效的。如果下面的命令没有显示，那么配置就是有效的。 + + sudo bacula-dir -tc /etc/bacula/bacula-dir.conf + sudo bacula-sd -tc /etc/bacula/bacula-sd.conf + +一旦你完成所有的设置，重启所有的bacula服务。 + + sudo /etc/init.d/bacula-director restart + sudo /etc/init.d/bacula-fd restart + sudo /etc/init.d/bacula-sd restart + +就是这样。现在，bacula已经成功安装与配置了。 + +### 使用Webmin 管理 Bacula ### + +使用命令行管理Bacula是有点困难的。所以我们使用一个图形化的管理工具“webmin”来简化我们的任务。 + +使用下面的命令在Ubuntu 14.04上安装Webmin。 + +- [在 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS上安装Webmin][1] +注：此链接文章在另一篇里，如果也翻译发布了，那么可以更改这个链接地址 + +现在使用URL https://ip-address:10000进入Webmin界面。在左边的窗格中进入系统标签并点击模块配置链接。如果在系统下没有找到它，在未使用模块一栏中查找。 + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Webmin-1.690-on-server.unixmen.local-Ubuntu-Linux-14.04-Mozilla-Firefox_002.png) + +在数据库一栏中选择MySQL数据库。输入MySQL管理员密码，并点击保存。 + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Webmin-1.690-on-server.unixmen.local-Ubuntu-Linux-14.04-Mozilla-Firefox_003.png) + +就是这样。现在你可以在webmin中简单地配置Bacula了。开始加入备份客户端，磁盘卷和计划任务吧。 + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Webmin-1.690-on-server.unixmen.local-Ubuntu-Linux-14.04-Mozilla-Firefox_004.png) + +干杯! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.unixmen.com/setup-backup-server-using-bacula-webmin-ubuntu-14-04/ + +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.unixmen.com/install-webmin-ubuntu-14-04/ From 98c6e1f1e134a2454c8c9805ea0e0343e399d660 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: CHINAANSHE Date: Fri, 30 May 2014 16:52:59 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 368/601] Update 20140530 How To Install Linux On A MacBook Pro Retina.md Translating --- .../20140530 How To Install Linux On A MacBook Pro Retina.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140530 How To Install Linux On A MacBook Pro Retina.md b/sources/tech/20140530 How To Install Linux On A MacBook Pro Retina.md index ec6f1822a4..e1fd2397fb 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140530 How To Install Linux On A MacBook Pro Retina.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140530 How To Install Linux On A MacBook Pro Retina.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +Translating by CHINAANSHE + How To Install Linux On A MacBook Pro Retina ================================================================================ ![](http://main.makeuseoflimited.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/linux-macbook-pro-retina-840x420.jpg?ec7b17) @@ -139,4 +141,4 @@ via: http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/install-linux-macbook-pro/ [5]:http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/11-tweaks-perform-ubuntu-installation/ [6]:https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBookPro [7]:http://www.makeuseof.com/pages/best-linux-distributions -[8]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/janitors/10037346335 \ No newline at end of file +[8]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/janitors/10037346335 From a27b4976686afada61ab0c5edffad4f0a6ce7eb3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Frank Zhang Date: Fri, 30 May 2014 18:18:21 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 369/601] [translating] Raspberry Pi s Eben Upton--How We're Turning Everyone Into DIY Hackers --- ... s Eben Upton--How We're Turning Everyone Into DIY Hackers.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/sources/talk/Raspberry Pi s Eben Upton--How We're Turning Everyone Into DIY Hackers.md b/sources/talk/Raspberry Pi s Eben Upton--How We're Turning Everyone Into DIY Hackers.md index b792ff744f..bdd449e3f6 100644 --- a/sources/talk/Raspberry Pi s Eben Upton--How We're Turning Everyone Into DIY Hackers.md +++ b/sources/talk/Raspberry Pi s Eben Upton--How We're Turning Everyone Into DIY Hackers.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +zpl1025, so loooooooooooooooog........... Raspberry Pi's Eben Upton: How We're Turning Everyone Into DIY Hackers ================================================================================ > Inside the mind that prototyped a $35 computer for tinkerers. From f9450f67f09b15ac7b1b90e9da4daeafb5b7e055 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Fri, 30 May 2014 22:33:15 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 370/601] =?UTF-8?q?[=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90]2?= =?UTF-8?q?0140529=20GNOME=20Online=20Account...=20and=20Maps.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md | 32 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 32 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/news/20140529 GNOME Online Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md diff --git a/translated/news/20140529 GNOME Online Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md b/translated/news/20140529 GNOME Online Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5daab30ed1 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/20140529 GNOME Online Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +GNOME在线账户3.13.2添加对照片和地图账户的支持 +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/GNOME-Online-Accounts-3-13-2-Adds-Support-or-Photos-and-Maps-444249-2.jpg) + +**GNOME开发者宣布最新版的GNOME在线账户（3.13.2）现已发布，并带来数个新特性。** + +GNOME的3.13.x分支的开发是十分严格的，它最终会发展成为稳定的3.14版本，但那还有很长的路要走。到了那时，开发者们可以自由地改动和添加新特性。 + +这个分支之前的数个版本带来了一些十分有趣的改动。在其它改变中，开发者们从软件中移除了对Windows和Twitter账户的支持。 + +通过[更新日志][1]得知，对照片账户的支持已经添加，一个对GNOME_COMMON_INIT不建议的调用已经被移除，UI进行了调整使得在线账户能够在对话框中使用标题栏，为了防止timerfd（译注：timerfd是Linux为用户程序提供的一个定时器接口）的泄漏，报警逻辑已被简化，以及添加了对地图账户的支持。 + +另外，对一个微小的内存泄漏问题进行了修复，默认的凭据缓存将不再泄漏，Flickr账户连接现使用SSL加密使其更加安全。 + +**下载 GNOME在线账户 3.13.2 源代码包：** + +- [tar.xz (3.12.2 Stable)][2][sources] [1.20 MB] +- [tar.xz (3.13.2 Development)][3][sources] [1.30 MB] + +请记住这是一个开发版本，不应将其安装在生产环境的机器上。该下载请仅作为测试目的安装。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/GNOME-Online-Accounts-3-13-2-Adds-Support-or-Photos-and-Maps-444249.shtml + +译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/GNOME/sources/gnome-online-accounts/3.13/gnome-online-accounts-3.13.2.news +[2]:http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/GNOME/sources/gnome-online-accounts/3.12/gnome-online-accounts-3.12.2.tar.xz +[3]:http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/GNOME/sources/gnome-online-accounts/3.13/gnome-online-accounts-3.13.2.tar.xz From f828281c61bc0ba6fe79f8c0a6cf2b2661887e20 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Fri, 30 May 2014 22:33:39 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 371/601] =?UTF-8?q?[=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90?= =?UTF-8?q?=E5=88=A0=E9=99=A4]?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md | 34 ------------------- 1 file changed, 34 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/20140529 GNOME Online Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md diff --git a/sources/news/20140529 GNOME Online Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md b/sources/news/20140529 GNOME Online Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md deleted file mode 100644 index 48dfefc1e3..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20140529 GNOME Online Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,34 +0,0 @@ -alim0x translating - -GNOME Online Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps -================================================================================ -![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/GNOME-Online-Accounts-3-13-2-Adds-Support-or-Photos-and-Maps-444249-2.jpg) - -**The GNOME developers announce that the latest version of GNOME Online Accounts, 3.13.2, is now out and comes with quite a few new features.** - -The 3.13.x branch of GNOME is strictly for development and it will eventually evolve into the stable 3.14, but that's a long way ahead. Until then, the developers are free to implement changes and new features. - -The previous version in this branch brought some very interesting changes and the devs removed Windows and Twitter support from the software, among other changes. - -According to the [changelog][1], support has been added for photos, a deprecated call to GNOME_COMMON_INIT has been removed, the UI has been adjusted so that the Online Accounts can use a header bar in the dialog, the alarm logic has been simplified in order to stop timerfd leaks, and support for maps has been added. - -Also, a small memory leak fix has been implemented, the default credentials cache is no longer leaked, and SSL is now used for Flickr for more security. - -**Download GNOME Online Accounts 3.13.2 sources:** - -- [tar.xz (3.12.2 Stable)][2][sources] [1.20 MB] -- [tar.xz (3.13.2 Development)][3][sources] [1.30 MB] - -Remember that this is a development version and it should NOT be installed on production machines. It is intended for testing purposes only. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/GNOME-Online-Accounts-3-13-2-Adds-Support-or-Photos-and-Maps-444249.shtml - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/GNOME/sources/gnome-online-accounts/3.13/gnome-online-accounts-3.13.2.news -[2]:http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/GNOME/sources/gnome-online-accounts/3.12/gnome-online-accounts-3.12.2.tar.xz -[3]:http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/GNOME/sources/gnome-online-accounts/3.13/gnome-online-accounts-3.13.2.tar.xz From 1c87178692a543b5ee9904c4c7ce99c9c40bcbf4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Fri, 30 May 2014 22:46:51 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 372/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9A20140528=20U?= =?UTF-8?q?buntu=20on=20Surface=20Pro=203--not=20smooth=20yet=20but=20prom?= =?UTF-8?q?ising?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @alim0x 发布啦！明天上午可以看到 http://linux.cn/article-3122-1.html --- ...ace Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md | 24 +++++++++++++++++++ ...ace Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md | 24 ------------------- 2 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/20140528 Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md delete mode 100644 translated/talk/20140528 Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md diff --git a/published/20140528 Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md b/published/20140528 Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8e261565a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20140528 Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +在Surface Pro 3上运行Ubuntu – 虽不完美但很有戏 +================================================================================ +![](http://www.muktware.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/surface_pro_3.jpg) + +微软从5月21日起接受Surface Pro 3平板PC的预订，没过多久Linux爱好者们就在其上尝试了Ubuntu 14.04。结果是十分有戏的！Surface pro 3宣称其拥有还不错的[硬件配置][1]，当它的所有的硬件都被支持后，对任何Linux用户而言在上面运行 Ubuntu 无疑是一件令人感到振奋的事情。 + +最明智的第一步无疑是对Surface pro 3的系统镜像做个备份。根据上面安装系统版本的不同，其备份镜像的大小也不一定相同，但这一过程无疑都很快。不过，恢复Windows 8.1的时候还另外需要一个驱动器来帮助恢复镜像，因为一旦安装了Linux，原本的修复和还原功能将会消失。 + +要在Surface上安装Ubuntu，插入一个Ubuntu的可启动U盘，同时按住音量减键和电源键，直到Surface的标志出现，然后放开这两个键。一旦从USB启动之后，你就能看到熟悉的Ubuntu安装界面（有实时会话[live session]和安装选项）。后续Ubuntu安装步骤和一般的安装相同。 + +安装完成后大部分组件都能达到开箱即用的状态。WiFi能够正常工作，但只能检测到2.4GHz的网络。Type Cover上的触控板工作正常，但键盘不能工作。在辅助设置中的虚拟键盘可以用来输入，但在Ubuntu中还是缺少一些功能特性。最佳的选择是连接一个USB键盘。随附的手写笔能够像鼠标一样工作，点击下去相当于鼠标左键单击，但蓝牙不能开箱即用，手写笔上的按钮也不起作用。在Ubuntu上手写笔的功能实现上，在压感上可能会有点小问题。尽管系统流畅反应迅速，但没有了Type Cover的体验无论如何也算不上最佳。就像键盘一样，dock（译注：Surface的扩展底座）可能也做不到开箱即用。相比于Ubuntu，触控和WiFi同样可以开箱即用的KDE的Plasma Active（译注：KDE专为触控设备打造的用户界面）会是个更好的选择。另外，最新版的Kubuntu在Surface Pro 3上安装时还存在一些问题。 + +如果这部设备能够获得开发者足够的关注的话，到Surface Pro 3在各个销售点开售的时候，大部分问题应该能够得到解决。 这里是这次试验时录下的Ubuntu运行在Surface Pro 3上的简短[视频][2]。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.muktware.com/2014/05/ubuntu-surface-pro-3-smooth-yet-promising/27870 + +译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.microsoft.com/surface/en-us/products/surface-pro-3 +[2]:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRH-c2_kDA4 diff --git a/translated/talk/20140528 Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md b/translated/talk/20140528 Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md deleted file mode 100644 index a82b6c020c..0000000000 --- a/translated/talk/20140528 Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,24 +0,0 @@ -在Surface Pro 3上运行Ubuntu – 尚不完美但很有戏 -================================================================================ -![](http://www.muktware.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/surface_pro_3.jpg) - -微软从5月21日起接受Surface Pro 3平板PC的预订，没过多久Linux爱好者们就在其上尝试了Ubuntu 14.04。结果是十分有希望的！Surface pro 3标榜拥有还不错的[硬件规格][1]，当所有的硬件都被支持后，对任何Linux用户而言在上面运行Ubuntu无疑是一件令人感到愉快的事情。 - -最明智的第一步无疑是对Surface pro 3的系统镜像做个备份。根据上面安装系统版本的不同镜像大小也不一定相同，但可以相信的是这一过程会很快完成。恢复Windows 8.1的时候还另外需要一个驱动器来恢复镜像，因为一旦安装了Linux，原本的修复和还原功能将会消失。 - -要在Surface上安装Ubuntu，连接一个Ubuntu的可启动U盘，同时按住音量减和电源键直到Surface的标志出现，然后放开这两个键。一旦从USB启动之后，你就能看到熟悉的Ubuntu安装界面（有实时会话（live session）和安装选项）。后续Ubuntu安装步骤和一般安装相同。 - -安装完成后大部分组件都能达到开箱即用的状态。WiFi能够正常工作，但只能检测到2.4GHz的网络。Type Cover上的触控板工作正常，但键盘不能工作。在辅助设置中的虚拟键盘可以用来输入，但在Ubuntu中还是缺少一些功能特性。最佳的选择是连接一个USB键盘。随附的笔能够像鼠标指针一样工作，点击下去相当于鼠标左键单击，但蓝牙不能开箱即用，笔上的按钮也不起作用。在Ubuntu的笔的功能实现上，在压感上可能会有点小问题。尽管系统流畅反应迅速，没有了type cover的体验无论如何也算不上最佳。就像键盘一样，dock（译注：Surface的扩展底座）可能也做不到开箱即用。相比于Ubuntu，触控和WiFi同样可以开箱即用的KDE的Plasma Active（译注：KDE专为触控设备打造的用户界面）会是个更好的选择。但是，最新版的Kubuntu在Surface Pro 3上安装时还存在一些问题。 - -如果这部设备能够获得开发者足够的关注的话，到Surface Pro 3在各个销售点开售的时候，大部分问题应该能够得到解决。 这里是这次试验时录下的Ubuntu运行在Surface Pro 3上的简短[视频][2]。 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.muktware.com/2014/05/ubuntu-surface-pro-3-smooth-yet-promising/27870 - -译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.microsoft.com/surface/en-us/products/surface-pro-3 -[2]:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRH-c2_kDA4 From 05e4ab373da1a6d2a9ee63379edec8065f91c91d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Fri, 30 May 2014 23:36:39 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 373/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AHow=20to=20U?= =?UTF-8?q?pgrade=20to=20GNOME=203.12=20in=20Ubuntu=2014.04?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...o Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md | 44 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md (57%) diff --git a/translated/tech/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md b/published/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md similarity index 57% rename from translated/tech/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md rename to published/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md index b384e4f5f3..1c848062ec 100644 --- a/translated/tech/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ b/published/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -4,13 +4,15 @@ Ubuntu 14.04下升级GNOME至3.12 **如果您的系统最近已升级至Ubuntu GNOME 14.04 LTS版本，那么拥有稳定独立的GNOME Shell无疑是您最佳的选择** -但我认为你们中的保守用户宁愿倾向于选择默认向新手提供的稳定版本。你真想要了解如何在Ubuntu14.04升级GNOME至3.12吗？ +但我认为比较保守的用户会倾向于选择默认向新手提供的稳定版本。你真想要了解如何在Ubuntu14.04升级GNOME至3.12吗？ -### 好的，接下来我将向你介绍如何完成。首先，我们需要先探查一下来龙去脉 ### +好的，接下来我将向你介绍如何完成。首先，我们需要先了解下来龙去脉。 -GNOME 3.12在3月底发布后引发了一阵轰动而天马行空的评论。尽管上个月发布的版本在Ubuntu 14.04 LTS版本之前已经逐步趋于稳定，却仍不能从14.04包中直接安装，这是为什么呢? +#### 默认采用GNOME 3.10的原因 #### -简单来说在开发周期中它出现太晚以至于没有充足的时间来对它进行审查，测试并确保它已经更新至LTS命令发布支持的标准及用户期望。默认至旧版发布的3.10是有意义的，因为有专门的周期来确保测试遍历。 +GNOME 3.12在3月底发布后引发了一阵轰动而天马行空的评论。尽管其上个月发布的版本在Ubuntu 14.04 LTS版本之前已经逐步趋于稳定，却仍不能从14.04包中直接安装，这是为什么呢? + +简单来说在开发周期中它出现太晚以至于没有充足的时间来对它进行审查、测试并确保它已经更新至LTS命令发布支持的标准及用户期望。默认至旧版发布的3.10是有意义的，因为有专门的计划来确保测试完整。 所以，正因为这样**不建议升级GNOME至3.12**。 @@ -18,13 +20,13 @@ GNOME 3.12在3月底发布后引发了一阵轰动而天马行空的评论。尽 ### 如何在Ubuntu 14.04升级GNOME至3.12### -### 确保你正在运行的GNOME版本是3.10 ### +#### 确保你正在运行的GNOME版本是3.10 #### ![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/gr.jpg) -为确保正确遵循本向导，需要在最新版本的Ubuntu(14.04 LTS)或Ubuntu GNOME下继续操作.如果不是最新版本的话，请停止操作；你需要升级后再继续。如果不这样做，接下来将会有一系列复杂又麻烦的事情需要解决。 +为确保正确遵循本向导，需要在最新版本的Ubuntu(14.04 LTS)或Ubuntu GNOME下继续操作。如果不是最新版本的话，请停止操作；你需要升级后再继续。如果不这样做，接下来将会有一系列复杂又麻烦的事情需要解决。 -若你运行的是Ubuntu常规版本（例如统一版），那么需要在开始以下步骤前从Ubuntu软件中心获取GNOME 3.10。 +若你运行的是Ubuntu常规版本（例如带有Unity），那么需要在开始以下步骤前从Ubuntu软件中心安装GNOME 3.10。 按以下给出的链接选项准备好安装程序。 @@ -32,17 +34,17 @@ GNOME 3.12在3月底发布后引发了一阵轰动而天马行空的评论。尽 #### 增加GNOME 3.12 PPA #### -起初人们预想的是GNOME 3.12将会通过标准GNOME PPA团队，遵循可信版本发布实施。但3个星期过去了，这并未发生。这是因为向系统写入它时包含少量小的3.10包，并且这跟最新发布的版本没有任何关联。 +起初人们预想的是GNOME 3.12将会由标准GNOME Team PPA随着 14.04 LTS 发布。但3个星期过去了，却什么都没有。这是因为一些小的3.10软件包仍然没有跟着发布最新的3.12的包。 -然而，[GNOME团队PPA工作台][2]确实涵盖了升级用到的各种3.12版本包。开发者强调说，增加存档需要‘运行流畅’的桌面，但现在包含的包并未‘准备好为大众所使用’。 +然而，[GNOME Team Staging PPA][2]确实涵盖了升级用到的各种3.12版本包。开发者强调说，增加这个存档会让桌面系统‘运行流畅’，但现在包含的包并未‘准备好为大众所使用’。 这儿假设您是一个PPA清理工具的行家，以上的一切都已明了，请继续向下。首先，让我们核对并安装已发布的更新： sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade -点击enter键后等待安装包程序。 +按下回车键后等待安装包程序。 -一旦完成此过程或再没有任何挂起的更新，就可以增加GNOME 3团队PPA工作台了。为实现这项操作，打开新的命令行窗口输入以下命令： +一旦完成此过程或再没有任何挂起的更新，就可以增加 GNOME Team Staging PPA了。为实现这项操作，打开新的命令行窗口输入以下命令： sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3-staging @@ -52,37 +54,33 @@ GNOME 3.12在3月底发布后引发了一阵轰动而天马行空的评论。尽 #### 附加内容 #### -为体验真实的GNOME环境也许你想获取一些新的GNOME应用，例如[偏振光IRC客户端、GNOME地图和GNOME网页浏览器][3]。安装这三个应用需要运行如下的命令： +为体验真实的GNOME环境也许你想获取一些新的GNOME应用，例如[Polari IRC客户端、GNOME地图和GNOME网页浏览器][3]。安装这三个应用需要运行如下的命令： sudo apt-get install epiphany-browser gnome-maps polari -y -After everything has finished doing what it needs to, you’re safe to reboot! - - sudo apt-get install epiphany-browser gnome-maps polari -y - -After everything has finished doing what it needs to, you’re safe to reboot! +在这些都安装完成之后，你就可以安全的重启了！ ### 善后服务 ### -#### 登陆 #### +#### 登录 #### -如果来自Unity,Xfce或别的桌面环境不要忘记登陆前从登陆页面选择GNOME会话窗口。 +如果你之前使用Unity,Xfce或别的桌面环境，不要忘记登录前从登录界面选择GNOME会话。 #### 回顾 #### ![GNOME Weather & GNOME Maps in 3.12 3.12版GNOME天气&GNOME地图](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/gnome-aspps.jpg) -对我自己来说，Ubuntu 14.04下运行GNOME 3.12很流畅。升级后没有出现任何诸如性能下降的问题，尽管我确实见到过在打开活动窗口时的奇怪罕见的视觉故障，并且在一个应用下发生的间歇性阴影消失现象。但随着错误不断消除这些都不是大问题。 +对我自己来说，Ubuntu 14.04下运行GNOME 3.12很流畅。升级后没有出现任何诸如性能下降的问题，尽管我确实见到过在打开活动窗口时的奇怪罕见的显示故障，并且在一个应用下发生的间歇性阴影消失现象。但随着错误不断消除这些都不是大问题。 3.12版本的性能等同于GNOME3.10；应用的打开方式交互性强且体验并没有明显下降。 -所有新的GNOME影音应用在PPA上并没有现成的包，这让人有点失望。当然有理由解释这点(很可能需要更新版本的流转化器)。此外仍要注意的是一些GNOME扩展包升级后不能继续工作。 +所有新的GNOME影音应用在PPA上并没有现成的包，这让人有点失望。当然有理由解释这点(很可能需要新版本的视频解码器)。此外仍要注意的是一些GNOME扩展包在升级后不能继续工作。 当然3.12因为测试不足，其中存在错误不可避免。若用户要求稳定性（或者希望保持系统工作时的高度统一和完整），可以继续支持已通过测试的GNOME 3.10版本。 ### 从GNOME 3.12 降至3.10版本 ### -但是如果想要体验闪闪亮的新功能及最新发布的GNOME应用，那就试一试PPA平台吧。如果遇到了错误可以随时使用PPA降级至稳定版本。 +但是如果想要体验闪闪亮的新功能及最新发布的GNOME应用，那就试一试PPA平台吧。如果遇到了错误可以随时使用PPA清理工具来降级至稳定版本。 sudo apt-get install ppa-purge @@ -92,7 +90,7 @@ After everything has finished doing what it needs to, you’re safe to reboot! via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/upgrade-gnome-3-12-ubuntu-14-04 -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/icybreaker) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[icybreaker](https://github.com/icybreaker) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 49367bfa74d241743d32a47a22d5c21e412698c6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: linuhap Date: Sat, 31 May 2014 12:41:25 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 374/601] translated --- ...ity Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md | 35 ------------------- ...ity Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md | 34 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/talk/Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md create mode 100644 translated/talk/Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md diff --git a/sources/talk/Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md b/sources/talk/Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md deleted file mode 100644 index f1c09dfd83..0000000000 --- a/sources/talk/Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,35 +0,0 @@ -linuhap翻译中 -Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical -================================================================================ -![](http://thevarguy.com/site-files/thevarguy.com/files/imagecache/medium_img/uploads/2014/05/jonobacon.jpg) - -In a few days, Canonical, the company behind Ubuntu Linux, will bid farewell to its longtime community manager. [Jono Bacon][1], who has long been one of the most familiar faces in the Ubuntu world, is moving to a new position at the [XPRIZE Foundation][2]. - -Bacon, who joined Canonical in 2006, [reported on his blog][3] that he decided to leave Canonical after receiving an offer from XPRIZE, which [describes itself][4] as "an innovation engine" and "catalyst for the benefit of humanity." He will work at XPRIZE as senior director of Community, bringing to bear the skills he acquired helping to coordinate the Ubuntu community over the last eight years. - -Although Bacon was not directly responsible for the business or development side of things at Canonical, his departure is significant for the Ubuntu and open source worlds, where executive titles have tended to matter less than actual community involvement. Alongside Ubuntu founder and former Canonical CEO [Mark Shuttleworth][5], Bacon was one of the leading figures in the Ubuntu ecosystem since the project's earlier days. - -Bacon was arguably even more influential in shaping many aspects of Ubuntu than Jane Silber, who has been Canonical's CEO since 2010, but whose public presence has generally been limited. - -The team Bacon led—which includes Daniel Holbach, David Planella, Michael Hall, Nicholas Skaggs and Alan Pope—will continue his community leadership work at Canonical after his departure, he said. It is not yet clear, however, whether Canonical will be filling the community manager position he leaves behind. - -Perhaps Canonical shouldn't. In many ways, maintaining an official community leader is at odds with the open source ethos, which tends to celebrate decentralized, user-driven community organization. Few Ubuntu fans are likely to panic at the news of Bacon's change of jobs. - -Still, Bacon has helped to guide the Ubuntu community through a slew of crises—from Canonical's [failed attempt][6] to style the Ubuntu Software Center as a store, to [friction with the Fedora crowd][7], to [controversy][8] over the Amazon.com search features built into modern Ubuntu. He has left a mark on the Ubuntu ecosystem, and it won't be quite the same without him. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://thevarguy.com/ubuntu/052214/ubuntu-linux-community-manager-jono-bacon-leaves-canonical - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.jonobacon.org/ -[2]:http://www.xprize.org/ -[3]:http://www.jonobacon.org/2014/05/19/goodbye-canonical-hello-xprize/ -[4]:http://www.xprize.org/about/who-we-are -[5]:http://markshuttleworth.com/ -[6]:http://thevarguy.com/ubuntu/ubuntu-software-store-will-your-kids-try-it -[7]:http://thevarguy.com/open-source-application-software-companies/tensions-between-ubuntu-fedora-mount-over-new-website -[8]:http://thevarguy.com/var-guy/controversy-erupts-over-amazon-search-ubuntu-1210 diff --git a/translated/talk/Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md b/translated/talk/Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..84b104aa1d --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/talk/Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +Ubuntu Linux社区经理Jono Bacon离开Canonical公司 +================================================================================ +![](http://thevarguy.com/site-files/thevarguy.com/files/imagecache/medium_img/uploads/2014/05/jonobacon.jpg) + +几天后，Canonical——Ubuntu Linux背后的公司，将告别其任职长久的社区经理。[Jono Bacon][1]，一直是Ubuntu世界里最熟悉的面孔，他将在[XPRIZE基金会][2]任新职。 + +Bacon于2006年加入Canonical，从[其博客可知][3]他是在决定在收到XPRIZE的录用通知后离开Canonical的，XPRIZE[自称][4]为“创新引擎”和“造福人类的催化剂”。他将会在XPRIZE就任社区主管，施展他在Ubuntu社区过去八年所获得的能力。 + +虽然Bacon在Canonical不是直接负责商业或者发展方面，但是他的离开对于Ubuntu和开源世界都是很重大的，在Ubuntu和开源世界里实际社区参与比行政头衔更重要。与Ubuntu的创始人和Canonical的前CEO [Mark Shuttleworth][5]一起，Bacon是自项目早期开始Ubuntu生态系统里的领军人物之一。 + +Bacon可以说在塑造Ubuntu的很多方面比Jane Silber更有影响力。Jane Silber自2010年一直是Canonical的CEO，但是他在公共场合的出面一般是很有限的。 + +Bacon带领的团队包括Daniel Holbach，David Planella，Michael Hall，Nicholas Skaggs和Alan Pope，Alan Pope将会接手他社区领袖的工作，他说。然而，尚不清楚的是Canonical是否会填补他留的社区经理的位子。 + +也许Canonical不应该。在很多方面，维持一个社区领袖与开源精神格格不入，开源精神往往庆祝的是分散的、用户驱动的社区组织。一些Ubuntu的粉丝可能会因Bacon离职的新闻而惊慌。 + +不过，Bacon帮助指导过Ubuntu社区度过一系列的危机——从Canonical尝试将Ubuntu软件中心设计为一个商店的失败，到与Fedora群体的摩擦，到关于将Amazon.com搜索特性植入到新的Ubuntu的争议。他在Ubuntu的生态系统上留下了印记，而没有他这将完全不同。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://thevarguy.com/ubuntu/052214/ubuntu-linux-community-manager-jono-bacon-leaves-canonical + +译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.jonobacon.org/ +[2]:http://www.xprize.org/ +[3]:http://www.jonobacon.org/2014/05/19/goodbye-canonical-hello-xprize/ +[4]:http://www.xprize.org/about/who-we-are +[5]:http://markshuttleworth.com/ +[6]:http://thevarguy.com/ubuntu/ubuntu-software-store-will-your-kids-try-it +[7]:http://thevarguy.com/open-source-application-software-companies/tensions-between-ubuntu-fedora-mount-over-new-website +[8]:http://thevarguy.com/var-guy/controversy-erupts-over-amazon-search-ubuntu-1210 \ No newline at end of file From e573858236d0c28d77e51b421c7f0556c94986a5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Sat, 31 May 2014 14:15:36 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 375/601] alim0x translating --- ...x 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md b/sources/tech/20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md index 5b254f80c0..7bcfcaf05a 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +alim0x translating + Fix “Cannot Add PPA” Error In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint ================================================================================ ![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/PPA_Error_Ubuntu.jpeg) @@ -32,4 +34,4 @@ via: http://itsfoss.com/fix-add-ppa-error-ubuntu-1404-linux-mint/ 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 -[1]:http://itsfoss.com/solve-overheating-issue-battery-life-ubuntu-1304/ \ No newline at end of file +[1]:http://itsfoss.com/solve-overheating-issue-battery-life-ubuntu-1304/ From 298b12a221ebc157e19e1fdf30bcf29631869372 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sat, 31 May 2014 14:43:06 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 376/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9ALinux=20Worl?= =?UTF-8?q?d=20Domination=20and=20Steam=20Machines=20Delayed=20Until=20201?= =?UTF-8?q?5?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @shipsw 发布了~ --- ...n and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md | 33 +++++++++++++++++++ ...n and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md | 33 ------------------- 2 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 33 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md delete mode 100644 translated/news/Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md diff --git a/published/Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md b/published/Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..913bef9180 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +Steam Machines 今年没戏了 +================================================================================ +![2014年 Steam Machines 将不会发布](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Linux-World-Domination-and-Steam-Machines-Delayed-Until-2015-444271-2.jpg) + +游戏社区急于期盼 Valve 发布的基于 Linux 的 Steam Machines(译注：一个基于Linux的游戏机)，但是看起来这个混合游戏机会推迟到明年发布了。 + +Valve 并不是一个守时的公司，看起来即将到来的 Steam Machines （延迟）发布正好符合公司的风格。但是大家都在讨论的 Steam Machines 到底是个什么东西？ + +一年半前该公司宣布推出 Steam Linux的客户端；数月前 Valve 发布了SteamOS，它是基于 Debian 的一个游戏机和PC混合的 Linux 发行版。该产品将和 PlayStation 4 和 Xbox 共同争夺家庭市场。 + +唯一的不同是 Valve 对这个游戏机架构有些不同的想法。他们想使得游戏机可以使用大量第三方公司开发的组件升级，而这些组件符合统一的标准。 + +为了使得游戏体验更好，Valve 正致力于开发新一代的游戏机，将刷新用户在游戏机上玩游戏的体验，尤其是第一人称射击和策略游戏。不幸的是，如你所见，这是个艰巨的任务，2014年发布的目标已经无法达成了。 + +“我们正在使用一个无线原型控制器进行现场测试，测试用户包含铁杆玩家、业内人士和休闲玩家。我们收到了海量的反馈，这意味着我们的控制器会开发的更好。当然也搞的我们忙于修改所有的改进。现在来看，我们正在计划2015年发布产品而不是2014年。” + +“我们和大家一样非常期望 Steam Machines 能尽快拿到手。但是我们首要保证的是一旦你拿到手，你将得到前所未有的游戏体验。希望大家能和我们一起耐心等待。在那之前，我们将继续发布更新如果我们有更多信息的话，” Valve [发言人说][1]在 Steam Universe 社区里谈到。 + +这可能意味着需要解决掉一些问题，但是 Steam 控制器远没有完成。很可能他们的 SteamOS 操作系统并没有准备好应付这么艰巨的任务。驱动程序也有些问题需要较长的时间去修复。 + +AMD的支持太差了，Valve 确实是想使得 Steam Machines 项目成为一个有竞争力项目。最大的问题可能是价格，到时候会很高，将会比 PS4 和 Xbox 高多了。 + +Valve 和合作的厂商需要更多时间去降低成本，提高产品和软硬件的质量。他们也需要更多的游戏进驻，所以将 Linux domination of the world 推迟了六个月，推迟到2015年，这也许不是件坏事。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Linux-World-Domination-and-Steam-Machines-Delayed-Until-2015-444271.shtml + +译者：[shipsw](https://github.com/shipsw) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://steamcommunity.com/groups/steamuniverse#announcements/detail/1820891223906967821 diff --git a/translated/news/Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md b/translated/news/Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md deleted file mode 100644 index b3c4ebf38c..0000000000 --- a/translated/news/Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,33 +0,0 @@ -Linux World Domination 和蒸汽机推迟到2015年 -================================================================================ -![2014年 Steam Machines 将不会发布](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Linux-World-Domination-and-Steam-Machines-Delayed-Until-2015-444271-2.jpg) - -游戏社区急于期盼 Valve 发布的基于 Linux 的 Steam Machines(译注：一个基于Linux的控制台游戏机)，但是看起来这个产品会推迟到明年发布了。 - -Valve 并不是一个守时的公司，看起来即将到来的 Steam Machines 发布正好符合公司的风格。但是大家都在讨论的 Steam Machines 到底是个什么东西？ - -一年半前该公司宣布推出 Steam Linux的客户端，数月前 Valve 发布了SteamOS， 基于 Debian 的一个控制台和PC混合的 Linux 发行版。该产品将和 PlayStation 4 和 Xbox 共同争夺家庭市场。 - -唯一的不同是 Valve 对这个控制台有些不同的想法。他们想使得控制台可以升级大量第三方公司开发的组件，这些组件符合统一的标准。 - -为了使得游戏体验更好，Valve 正致力于开发新一代的控制台，该控制台将刷新用户在控制台上玩游戏的体验，尤其是第一人称射击和策略游戏。不幸的是，可以想象得到，这是个艰巨的任务，2014年发布的目标已经无法达成了。 - -“我们正在使用一个无线原型机进行现场测试，测试用户包含铁杆玩家、业内人士和休闲玩家。我们收到了海量的反馈，这意味着我们的控制器会开发的更好。当然也搞的我们忙于修改所有的改进。现在来看，我们正在计划2015年发布产品而不是2014年。” - -“我们和大家一样非常期望 Steam Machines 能尽快拿到手。但是我们首要保证的是一旦你拿到手，你将得到前所未有的游戏体验。希望大家能和我们一起耐心等待。在那之前，我们将继续发布更新如果我们有更多信息的话，” Steam Universe 社区里的 Valve [发言人说>][1]。 - -这可能意味着需要解决掉一些问题，但是 Steam Machines 远没有完成。很可能他们的 SteamOS 操作系统并没有准备好应付这么艰巨的任务。驱动程序也有些问题需要较长的时间去修复。 - -AMD的支持太差了，Valve 确实是想使得 Steam Machines 项目成为一个有竞争力项目。最大的问题就是价格，将会比 PS4 和 Xbox 高多了。 - -Valve 和控制台厂商需要更多时间去降低成本，提高产品和软硬件的质量。他们也需要更多的游戏进驻，所以将 Linux domination of the world 推迟了六个月，推迟到2015年，这也许不是件坏事。 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Linux-World-Domination-and-Steam-Machines-Delayed-Until-2015-444271.shtml - -译者：[shipsw](https://github.com/shipsw) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://steamcommunity.com/groups/steamuniverse#announcements/detail/1820891223906967821 From f04f74bb6939f2b0bc798c1013c9c3ee9c968033 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sat, 31 May 2014 14:58:18 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 377/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9A20140529=20G?= =?UTF-8?q?NOME=20Online=20Accounts=203.13.2=20Adds=20Support=20for=20Phot?= =?UTF-8?q?os=20and=20Maps?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @alim0x 发布了~ --- ...Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md | 10 +++++----- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) rename {translated/news => published}/20140529 GNOME Online Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md (71%) diff --git a/translated/news/20140529 GNOME Online Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md b/published/20140529 GNOME Online Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md similarity index 71% rename from translated/news/20140529 GNOME Online Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md rename to published/20140529 GNOME Online Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md index 5daab30ed1..a11e2fd248 100644 --- a/translated/news/20140529 GNOME Online Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md +++ b/published/20140529 GNOME Online Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md @@ -1,14 +1,14 @@ -GNOME在线账户3.13.2添加对照片和地图账户的支持 +GNOME在线账户应用3.13.2中添加了对照片和地图的支持 ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/GNOME-Online-Accounts-3-13-2-Adds-Support-or-Photos-and-Maps-444249-2.jpg) **GNOME开发者宣布最新版的GNOME在线账户（3.13.2）现已发布，并带来数个新特性。** -GNOME的3.13.x分支的开发是十分严格的，它最终会发展成为稳定的3.14版本，但那还有很长的路要走。到了那时，开发者们可以自由地改动和添加新特性。 +GNOME的3.13.x分支的仅限用于开发，它最终会发展成为稳定的3.14版本，但那还有很长的路要走。在此之前，开发者们可以自由地改动和添加新特性。 -这个分支之前的数个版本带来了一些十分有趣的改动。在其它改变中，开发者们从软件中移除了对Windows和Twitter账户的支持。 +这个分支之前的数个版本带来了一些十分有趣的改动。其它的一些改变包括，开发者们从软件中移除了对Windows和Twitter账户的支持。 -通过[更新日志][1]得知，对照片账户的支持已经添加，一个对GNOME_COMMON_INIT不建议的调用已经被移除，UI进行了调整使得在线账户能够在对话框中使用标题栏，为了防止timerfd（译注：timerfd是Linux为用户程序提供的一个定时器接口）的泄漏，报警逻辑已被简化，以及添加了对地图账户的支持。 +通过[更新日志][1]得知，对照片应用的支持已经添加，一个对过时的GNOME_COMMON_INIT的调用已经被移除，UI进行了调整使得在线账户能够在对话框中使用标题栏，为了防止timerfd（译注：timerfd是Linux为用户程序提供的一个定时器接口）的泄漏，报警逻辑已被简化，以及添加了对Facebook地图应用的支持。 另外，对一个微小的内存泄漏问题进行了修复，默认的凭据缓存将不再泄漏，Flickr账户连接现使用SSL加密使其更加安全。 @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ GNOME的3.13.x分支的开发是十分严格的，它最终会发展成为稳定 via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/GNOME-Online-Accounts-3-13-2-Adds-Support-or-Photos-and-Maps-444249.shtml -译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From b183694cce585b12be8d78c800d78248b0f98e8e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: 2q1w2007 <2q1w2007@163.com> Date: Sat, 31 May 2014 16:17:43 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 378/601] Create 20140527 4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md --- ... 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md | 43 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 43 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/news/20140527 4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md diff --git a/translated/news/20140527 4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md b/translated/news/20140527 4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dafd893242 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/20140527 4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +4MLinux 9.0 Beta 是一个55 MB的操作系统但内容丰富 +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/4MLinux-9-0-Beta-Is-a-55-MB-Operating-System-that-Has-It-All-443946-2.jpg) + +**4MLinux是一个已经发展到版本9.0 Beta版的小型的Linux发行版，专注于计算机的4MS，即维护（用于系统救援的Live CD）、多媒体（像是播放DVD）、迷你服务器（使用inetd守护进程）和Mystery (Linux小游戏)。** + +4MLinux是世界上最小的，能够为用户提供一个桌面环境和一些应用，可以日常应用的发行版。 + +很多简约的Linux发行版通常从一开始就不提供这样的大量的应用程序，特别是在只有55MB大小的情况下。 + +“这个版本的亮点是维护（MBR和GPT分区软件，4MLinux备份脚本9.0，ClamAV0.98.3）、多媒体（MPlayer SVN-r37146，FFmpeg Git-2014-04-10），迷你服务器（FTP，HTTP，SSH，SFTP）和Mystery（一组小游戏）。“ + +开发者在博客里说:“4MLinux的X Window基于X.Org Server 1.15.1、Mesa 10.1.3,、JWM 2.2.2 和 FOX toolkit 1.6.49。4MLinux还支持全自动安装的'vanilla'版本的LibreOffice4.2.4、Java RE 7u55和VirtualBox 4.3.12。ISO映像的大小约为55 MB” + +正如你所看到的，大部分提供的包都是很新的，像VirtualBox、LibreOffice、Mesa、ffmpeg、ClamAV等等。如果你有关于这个版本有任何疑问，可以随时用虚拟机尝试它。 + +有趣的是用户可以在X Server 启动前切入启动进程并使用命令行。 + + +开发者将开始发布发行版，比如完整版、游戏版、服务器版、媒体版、救援版等等。请记住，你可以从一个非常简单的软件的帮助下，从面板选择并安装这些Linux发行版的。 + +用户还会发现，大部分你所需要的应用程序都可以在仓库找到，而4MLinux发行版可以通过下载相应的软件包来执行上面的任务。 + +完整的更新说明可在官方找到 [说明][1]. + +### 下载4MLinux 9.0 Beta: ### + +- [4MLinux 8.2 (ISO)][2][iso] [53.90 MB] +- [4MLinux 9.0 Beta (ISO)][3][iso] [53 MB] + +请记住，这是一个开发版，它不应该在生产机器上安装。它的目的仅用于测试目的。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/4MLinux-9-0-Beta-Is-a-55-MB-Operating-System-that-Has-It-All-443946.shtml + +译者：[2q1w2007](https://github.com/2q1w2007) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://4mlinux-releases.blogspot.ro/2014/05/4mlinux-90-beta-released.html +[2]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/linux4m/files/8.0/updates/8.2/livecd/4MLinux-8.2.iso/download +[3]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/linux4m/files/9.0/livecd/4MLinux-9.0.iso/download From 22581b16737aeaa591f072b83abaad8b3bd7caf3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Sat, 31 May 2014 18:49:48 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 379/601] Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md --- .../Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md | 113 ------------------ .../Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md | 83 +++++++------ 2 files changed, 40 insertions(+), 156 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/talk/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md diff --git a/sources/talk/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md b/sources/talk/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0317f39d67..0000000000 --- a/sources/talk/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,113 +0,0 @@ -No one wanna get it? OK. Let me do it. GOLinux ... -Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets -================================================================================ -![](http://www.linuxinsider.com/images/rw509807/command-line.jpg) - -> "Command-line secrets? There aren't any such things," said blogger Robert Pogson. "Desperate newbie? Type 'help.' Still need a hint? Type 'man whatever.' Want more diversity? Type 'ls /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin | less,' pick out a few gems and type 'man whatever' all night long. I've been at it more than a decade. Still having fun." Of course, "one can be addicted to the point of destruction." - -**W**ell it was a relatively quiet week here in the Linux blogosphere, giving residents a long-overdue opportunity to catch their collective breath, enjoy a few Tequila Tux cocktails and take stock of all the FOSS-related happenings that have taken place over the past few weeks. - -Among the highlights, for those who missed them, were [the awarding][1] of the [IEEE][2] Computer Society's 2014 Computer Pioneer Award to none other than Linus Torvalds; [the arrival][3] of Tails OS 1.0; and, perhaps most exciting of all, [the release][4] of Seattle-based band [netcat's][5] debut album as a Linux kernel module. - -"Are you ever listening to an album, and thinking 'man, this sounds good, but I wish it crossed from user-space to kernel-space more often!'" netcat wrote on its Facebook page. "We got you covered. Our album is now fully playable as a loadable Linux kernel module." - -Linux Girl thought she had seen it all here in the Linux world, but now she realizes she was wrong. Thank you, netcat, for keeping life interesting! - -### 'Command Line Secrets' ### - -![](http://www.linuxinsider.com/images/article_images/linuxgirl_bg_pinkswirl_150x245.jpg) - -Speaking of interesting, there's nothing like a little shop talk around the bar to pass the time during a quiet week, and last week afforded a dose of that as well. Life is good here in the Linux blogosphere! - -The forum was Linux Voice -- that shiny, new magazine alert readers may remember [launched late last year][6] -- and the topic was none other than [command line secrets][7]. - -Linux Girl couldn't resist. - -### 'It Manages to Render Most Web Pages' ### - -"There are loads of really good reasons to use the command line," wrote the masterminds at Linux Voice. "It's the most powerful and concise method of interacting with your computer. - -"However, we decided to take a moment to look at some of its more obscure (and some would say pointless) uses," they added. - -Top of the magazine's list is the elinks Web browser: "It might not be as colorful as its more famous rivals, but it manages to render most Web pages," they explained. "As well has having geek-chic, it can come in handy when you just need to quickly check if a Web page is accessible from a computer you only have SSH access to." - -The list goes on from there to include looking up definitions on Wikipedia, among other tips. - -Down at the Broken Windows Lounge, patrons had plenty of suggestions of their own. - -### 'Great for Maintenance' ### - -"Very nice tips on CL commands, very nice," enthused Google+ blogger Alessandro Ebersol, for example. "But they forgot [cowsay][8], which is great for having some laughs in the darkness of a terminal." - -The command line "is great for maintenance," he added. "One can automate with bash scripts and make complex tasks with few (or just one) keystrokes." - -Other command line secrets Ebersol would add to the original list are sl (steam locomotive), along with [these nuggets][9]: - - * % cat "food in cans" - cat: can't open food in cans - * % nice man woman - No manual entry for woman. - * % [Where is Jimmy Hoffa? - Missing ]. - * % make love - Make: Don't know how to make love. Stop. - * % man: why did you get a divorce? - man:: Too many arguments. - -### 'The Most Precious Gem' ### - -"Command-line secrets? There aren't any such things," blogger [Robert Pogson][10] told Linux Girl. "Desperate newbie? Type 'help.' Still need a hint? Type 'man whatever.' Want more diversity? Type 'ls /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin | less,' pick out a few gems and type 'man whatever' all night long. I've been at it more than a decade. Still having fun." - -Pogson doesn't remember how long ago he discovered 'ssh,' but "it's the most precious gem of the FLOSS world," he said. - -"The awesome power of ssh is that the joy you have with typing commands on one computer can allow you a hundred times the joy on 100 computers," he added. "Of course, it's not fun to type passwords 100 times, so learn to use secure passwordless logins with ssh to make logging in remotely transparent." - -### 'Use It With Respect' ### - -Of course, "just as with any pleasurable activity, one can be addicted to the point of destruction," Pogson warned. "As root, you can type commands to delete everything or otherwise mess things up. - -"This is the nuclear option, and just as world leaders should sit on their hands and think carefully before pushing the button, value this power and use it with respect and higher motivations," he added. - -"I once deleted a file system because my thumb dragged the space bar into a command," Pogson concluded. "I only did that once. Honest." - -### 'Very Powerful' ### - -Google+ blogger Gonzalo Velasco C. was no less enthusiastic. - -"Even though the [GUI][11] tools are easier, in the *nix universe, the command line remains very powerful," he told Linux Girl. "Even some power MacOS users use them." - -As for Gonzalo Velasco C. himself, "the only commands I would like to master are the process control and killing, to use with ctrl+alt+backspace, so I can handle the one process that is giving me trouble, and the tar.gz files management -- that to this very day remains a pain for me," he said. - -#### 'Ur Doing It Wrong' #### - -Last but not least, SoylentNews blogger hairyfeet had a different perspective altogether. - -"The only thing I would add to a story about CLI is this: If you aren't working in IT and performing repetitive tasks where having an extremely simplistic, primitive way to script something is useful, and yet you are still using CLI, then 'ur doing it wrong,'" hairyfeet told Linux Girl. "A CLI isn't magic -- it's a GUI from the 1970s!" - -Today there are "useful GUIs thanks to actually having more CPU and RAM than a dollar-store watch -- we even have IDEs and scripting languages that can run rings around that 70s throwback, work across the WAN or LAN and interact with the deepest levels of the OS, all while being easier to use thanks to technologies like intellisense and autocomplete," he explained. "So why in God's name, if you aren't one of the 3 percent who are administering systems where every single byte counts, would you be dragging that old pile of junk out of mothballs?" - -Hairyfeet's best CLI advice? "Don't -- join the rest of the planet in the 21st century and learn how to use real languages and tools," he concluded. "Let CLI join bubble memory and floppies on the dustbin of history." - -> atherine Noyes is always on duty in her role as Linux Girl, whose cape she has worn since 2007. A mild-mannered journalist by day, she spends her evenings haunting the seedy bars and watering holes of the Linux blogosphere in search of the latest gossip. You can also find her on [Twitter][12] and [Google+][13]. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/80437.html?rss=1 - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.computer.org/portal/web/pressroom/Linus-Torvalds-Named-Recipient-of-the-2014-IEEE-Computer-Society-Computer-Pioneer-Award -[2]:http://www.ieee.org/ -[3]:http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/80386.html -[4]:https://www.facebook.com/netcatband/posts/755205877853161?stream_ref=10 -[5]:http://www.netcat.co/ -[6]:http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/79448.html -[7]:http://www.linuxvoice.com/commandline-secrets/ -[8]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowsay -[9]:https://www.linux.com/community/blogs/133-general-linux/10408 -[10]:http://mrpogson.com/ -[11]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUI -[12]:http://twitter.com/noyesk -[13]:https://plus.google.com/+KatherineNoyes?rel=author diff --git a/translated/talk/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md b/translated/talk/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md index 73ed036112..699b3af52e 100644 --- a/translated/talk/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md +++ b/translated/talk/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md @@ -2,45 +2,43 @@ Linux大神们的顶级命令行秘诀 ================================================================================ ![](http://www.linuxinsider.com/images/rw509807/command-line.jpg) -> "Command-line secrets? There aren't any such things," said blogger Robert Pogson. "Desperate newbie? Type 'help.' Still need a hint? Type 'man whatever.' Want more diversity? Type 'ls /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin | less,' pick out a few gems and type 'man whatever' all night long. I've been at it more than a decade. Still having fun." Of course, "one can be addicted to the point of destruction." -> “命令行秘诀？根本就没这玩样。”博主罗伯特·柏格森说。“新手们，你们失望了？那就猛敲‘help’吧。还想要点提示？随便‘man’个什么吧。想更多来点不同？敲‘ls /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin | less’，随便捡几个宝贝命令出来，整晚地‘man’去吧。我已经干那活超过十年了，到现在还玩得不亦乐乎。”当然，“ -**W**ell it was a relatively quiet week here in the Linux blogosphere, giving residents a long-overdue opportunity to catch their collective breath, enjoy a few Tequila Tux cocktails and take stock of all the FOSS-related happenings that have taken place over the past few weeks. +> “命令行秘诀？根本就没这玩样。”博主罗伯特·柏格森说。“失望了吧，新手？那就猛敲‘help’吧。还想要点提示？随便‘man’个什么吧。想更多来点不同？敲‘ls /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin | less’，随便捡几个宝贝命令出来，整晚地‘man’去吧。我已经干那活超过十年了，到现在还玩得不亦乐乎。”当然，“某人可要对破坏之类的事情上瘾了。” -Among the highlights, for those who missed them, were [the awarding][1] of the [IEEE][2] Computer Society's 2014 Computer Pioneer Award to none other than Linus Torvalds; [the arrival][3] of Tails OS 1.0; and, perhaps most exciting of all, [the release][4] of Seattle-based band [netcat's][5] debut album as a Linux kernel module. +**好**吧，Linux博客圈这里这周相对比较平静，给网民们一个拖了很久的机会集体喘口气吧，去享受一下龙舌兰、燕尾服、鸡尾酒带来的欢快吧，然后评估一下过去几周来发生的和自由开放软件相关的事件吧。 -"Are you ever listening to an album, and thinking 'man, this sounds good, but I wish it crossed from user-space to kernel-space more often!'" netcat wrote on its Facebook page. "We got you covered. Our album is now fully playable as a loadable Linux kernel module." +有些人错过了这些重大新闻：[IEEE][2]的[颁奖礼][1]，计算机世界的2014计算机先驱奖正是颁发给了李纳斯·托沃兹；Tails OS 1.0的[到来][3]；以及，也许是最令人激动的事情，位于西雅图的乐队[网猫][5][发布了][4]作为Linux内核模块的首张唱片。 -Linux Girl thought she had seen it all here in the Linux world, but now she realizes she was wrong. Thank you, netcat, for keeping life interesting! +“你是否曾经在听一张专辑的时候想过‘伙计，这听起来不错，但是我希望它能经常从用户空间过渡到内核空间去！’”网猫在Facebook上写道，“我们会全力支持你的。我们的专辑现在完全可以作为一个可加载的Linux内核模块来播放。” +Linux女孩曾经认为她自己已经完全进入Linux世界了，但是她现在却意识到她的想法是错误的。谢谢你们，网猫，是你们让生活一直这么有趣！ -### 'Command Line Secrets' ### +### ‘命令行秘诀’ ### ![](http://www.linuxinsider.com/images/article_images/linuxgirl_bg_pinkswirl_150x245.jpg) -Speaking of interesting, there's nothing like a little shop talk around the bar to pass the time during a quiet week, and last week afforded a dose of that as well. Life is good here in the Linux blogosphere! +说到有趣，没什么比围坐在吧台前谈论行业内的事情来度过平静的一周更带劲了，而上周搞了一次。Linux博客圈内的生活很惬意。 -The forum was Linux Voice -- that shiny, new magazine alert readers may remember [launched late last year][6] -- and the topic was none other than [command line secrets][7]. +座谈会内容是Linux声音杂志——那本闪亮的新杂志让读者可以记得它是[去年年底发布的][6]——而谈话的主题恰恰就是[命令行秘诀][7] -Linux Girl couldn't resist. +Linux女孩要忍不住了。 -### 'It Manages to Render Most Web Pages' ### +### ‘它打算渲染大多数网页’ ### -"There are loads of really good reasons to use the command line," wrote the masterminds at Linux Voice. "It's the most powerful and concise method of interacting with your computer. +“有很多使用命令行的真正的好理由，”Linux声音的策划者写道，“它是让你和计算机进行交互的强大而简明的方法“ -"However, we decided to take a moment to look at some of its more obscure (and some would say pointless) uses," they added. +“然而，我想花点时间来看看它里头一些更为晦涩的用法（有人会说毫无意义，不值得去做了）。“他们补充说。 -Top of the magazine's list is the elinks Web browser: "It might not be as colorful as its more famous rivals, but it manages to render most Web pages," they explained. "As well has having geek-chic, it can come in handy when you just need to quickly check if a Web page is accessible from a computer you only have SSH access to." +杂志列表顶端是elinks网页浏览器：“它可能看起来没有它的竞争对手那样光彩照人，但它打算渲染大多数网页。”他们解释道，“它也有着极客时尚，当你需要快速检查你是否能从只能通过SSH访问的计算机上去访问网页时，它就会派上用场了。“ -The list goes on from there to include looking up definitions on Wikipedia, among other tips. +列表从那里继续，包含了从维基百科上查阅一些定义等其它一些实用的小建议。 -Down at the Broken Windows Lounge, patrons had plenty of suggestions of their own. +从破窗休息室下来，老主顾们获得了大量他们自己的建议。 -### 'Great for Maintenance' ### +### '对维护很重要' ### -"Very nice tips on CL commands, very nice," enthused Google+ blogger Alessandro Ebersol, for example. "But they forgot [cowsay][8], which is great for having some laughs in the darkness of a terminal." +“命令行命令的提示很不错，真的很不错。”比如，Google+博主亚历桑德鲁：埃伯索尔满怀热情地说，“但是他们忘了[cowsay][8]，它可以用来在黑漆漆的终端里博你一笑。“ +”命令行对于维护很重要。“他补充说，”大家可以使用bash脚本来自动化，只需按几个快捷键（或者只要一个就行）来完成复杂的任务。” -The command line "is great for maintenance," he added. "One can automate with bash scripts and make complex tasks with few (or just one) keystrokes." - -Other command line secrets Ebersol would add to the original list are sl (steam locomotive), along with [these nuggets][9]: +其它命令行秘诀，埃伯索尔会把它们放进原始列表的是sl（蒸汽机车），还有这些[这些金点子][9]： * % cat "food in cans" cat: can't open food in cans @@ -53,47 +51,46 @@ Other command line secrets Ebersol would add to the original list are sl (steam * % man: why did you get a divorce? man:: Too many arguments. -### 'The Most Precious Gem' ### +### '最珍贵的精华' ### -"Command-line secrets? There aren't any such things," blogger [Robert Pogson][10] told Linux Girl. "Desperate newbie? Type 'help.' Still need a hint? Type 'man whatever.' Want more diversity? Type 'ls /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin | less,' pick out a few gems and type 'man whatever' all night long. I've been at it more than a decade. Still having fun." +“命令行秘诀？根本没这玩样。”博主[罗伯特：伯格森][10]告诉Linux女孩道，”失望了吧，新手？那就猛敲‘help’吧。还想要点提示？随便‘man’个什么吧。想更多来点不同？敲‘ls /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin | less’，随便捡几个宝贝命令出来，整晚地‘man’去吧。我已经干那活超过十年了，到现在还玩得不亦乐乎。” + +伯格森记不得多久以前他发现了‘ssh’，但是“它是自由/开源软件世界中最珍贵的精华了。“他说。 -Pogson doesn't remember how long ago he discovered 'ssh,' but "it's the most precious gem of the FLOSS world," he said. +”ssh的强大力量在于，你可以在一台计算机上输入命令获得快乐，你更可以在100台计算机上干同样的事情来获得100倍的快乐。“他补充道，”当然，要输入100次命令可不是闹着玩的。所以，学习一下通过ssh安全地无密码登陆，可以让ssh的远程登陆透明化。“ +### '带着尊重来用吧' ### -"The awesome power of ssh is that the joy you have with typing commands on one computer can allow you a hundred times the joy on 100 computers," he added. "Of course, it's not fun to type passwords 100 times, so learn to use secure passwordless logins with ssh to make logging in remotely transparent." +当然，”就像干任何快乐的事一样，有人会沉迷于搞破坏。“伯格森警告道，”作为root用户，你可以输入命令来删除所有的东西，或者把这一切搞乱。“ -### 'Use It With Respect' ### +”这是核心选择权，就像处理世界事务一样，在按下那个键之前一定要三思而后行，评估干这事所产生的结果，带着尊重和高尚的动机来使用它。“他补充道。 -Of course, "just as with any pleasurable activity, one can be addicted to the point of destruction," Pogson warned. "As root, you can type commands to delete everything or otherwise mess things up. +”我曾经删除了一个文件系统，因为我的大拇指蹭到了空格键调出了一个命令。“伯格森总结道，”坦白地说，我只干过这样的事情一次。“ -"This is the nuclear option, and just as world leaders should sit on their hands and think carefully before pushing the button, value this power and use it with respect and higher motivations," he added. +### '很强大' ### -"I once deleted a file system because my thumb dragged the space bar into a command," Pogson concluded. "I only did that once. Honest." +Google+博主贡萨洛：贝拉斯科C不那么热情。 -### 'Very Powerful' ### +“即使[GUI][11]工具更易用，在*nix领域，命令行仍然很强大。“他告诉Linux女孩，”甚至一些有能力的MacOS用户也用它们。” -Google+ blogger Gonzalo Velasco C. was no less enthusiastic. +对于贡萨洛：贝拉斯科C他自己而言，“我想要掌握的唯一一些命令是进程控制和杀死命令，想要使用ctrl+alt+退格键，因为我可以用来处理给我造成麻烦的那个进程，我还想要掌握tar.gz文件的管理——那玩样到现在还让我头痛。“他说。 -"Even though the [GUI][11] tools are easier, in the *nix universe, the command line remains very powerful," he told Linux Girl. "Even some power MacOS users use them." +#### '你正在做错事' #### -As for Gonzalo Velasco C. himself, "the only commands I would like to master are the process control and killing, to use with ctrl+alt+backspace, so I can handle the one process that is giving me trouble, and the tar.gz files management -- that to this very day remains a pain for me," he said. +最后一点，但并非不重要，SoylentNews博主hairyfeet有一个完全不同的观点。 -#### 'Ur Doing It Wrong' #### +“我只想谈一件事情来充实一下命令行界面这个报道：如果你不干IT，而且做着一些重复的事情，而这些事情只是很简单、很原始地去记录一些有用的事情，但你还在用命令行，那么‘你在走一条不归路’“hairyfeet告诉Linux女孩，”命令行界面没什么神奇——它只是1970年代以来的一个图形化界面！“ -Last but not least, SoylentNews blogger hairyfeet had a different perspective altogether. +今天，有很多“有用的图形化界面，这要多亏了CPU频率和内存的增加，而不是一美元店里的廉价手表——我们甚至有IDE和脚本语言大大超过70年代那个复辟古董货，在广域网或者局域网上工作，并与操作系统最底层交互，一切都在变得更易用，这多亏了智能感应和自动完成这样的技术。“他解释说，”所以上天作证，如果你不是那3%的系统管理员，工作在以字节计数的世界里，你会把那一堆垃圾从陈年旧帐中翻出来？ -"The only thing I would add to a story about CLI is this: If you aren't working in IT and performing repetitive tasks where having an extremely simplistic, primitive way to script something is useful, and yet you are still using CLI, then 'ur doing it wrong,'" hairyfeet told Linux Girl. "A CLI isn't magic -- it's a GUI from the 1970s!" +Hairyfeet的最佳命令行建议？“不要——被21世纪那些不切实际的想法所左右，学学怎样真正来使用语言和工具吧。“他总结道，”让命令行成为泡影，把软盘都扔进历史的垃圾桶吧。“ -Today there are "useful GUIs thanks to actually having more CPU and RAM than a dollar-store watch -- we even have IDEs and scripting languages that can run rings around that 70s throwback, work across the WAN or LAN and interact with the deepest levels of the OS, all while being easier to use thanks to technologies like intellisense and autocomplete," he explained. "So why in God's name, if you aren't one of the 3 percent who are administering systems where every single byte counts, would you be dragging that old pile of junk out of mothballs?" - -Hairyfeet's best CLI advice? "Don't -- join the rest of the planet in the 21st century and learn how to use real languages and tools," he concluded. "Let CLI join bubble memory and floppies on the dustbin of history." - -> atherine Noyes is always on duty in her role as Linux Girl, whose cape she has worn since 2007. A mild-mannered journalist by day, she spends her evenings haunting the seedy bars and watering holes of the Linux blogosphere in search of the latest gossip. You can also find her on [Twitter][12] and [Google+][13]. +> 银汉鱼诺伊斯总是尽忠职守当好她的Linux女孩，那件斗篷她从2007穿到现在了。作为一个白天举止温和的女记者，她晚上像逛夜店一样，为了搜寻最新的小道消息，在Linux博客圈上灌水。你也能在 [Twitter][12]和[Google+][13]上找到她。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/80437.html?rss=1 -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 @@ -109,4 +106,4 @@ via: http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/80437.html?rss=1 [10]:http://mrpogson.com/ [11]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUI [12]:http://twitter.com/noyesk -[13]:https://plus.google.com/+KatherineNoyes?rel=author \ No newline at end of file +[13]:https://plus.google.com/+KatherineNoyes?rel=author From b439db5f9fb843cf7d6212bc0a360e3bca7c536a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: MikeCoder Date: Sat, 31 May 2014 19:27:47 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 380/601] Merge branch 'master', remote-tracking branch 'lctt/master' From 65dbf760accba8c17287e13d076efa9f4952ce82 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: MikeCoder Date: Sat, 31 May 2014 19:29:27 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 381/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8D=A0=E5=9D=91?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md b/sources/tech/20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md index 5b254f80c0..f7512e3ebf 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +占坑。。。。 + Fix “Cannot Add PPA” Error In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint ================================================================================ ![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/PPA_Error_Ubuntu.jpeg) From 328bf1d01f2a6e6609abab6156b1b61f73e9b4cb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: MikeCoder Date: Sat, 31 May 2014 19:31:19 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 382/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=8D=A2=E4=B8=80=E7=AF=87=E6=96=87?= =?UTF-8?q?=E7=AB=A0?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ased Email Client) using 'Nginx and Apache' in Arch Linux.md | 2 ++ ...Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md | 2 -- 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140529 Install RainLoop Webmail (A Web Based Email Client) using 'Nginx and Apache' in Arch Linux.md b/sources/tech/20140529 Install RainLoop Webmail (A Web Based Email Client) using 'Nginx and Apache' in Arch Linux.md index eeb5af21bb..823c061422 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140529 Install RainLoop Webmail (A Web Based Email Client) using 'Nginx and Apache' in Arch Linux.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140529 Install RainLoop Webmail (A Web Based Email Client) using 'Nginx and Apache' in Arch Linux.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +翻译中... + Install RainLoop Webmail (A Web Based Email Client) using ‘Nginx and Apache’ in Arch Linux ================================================================================ Rainloop is a free Open Source web application written in PHP which provides a fast modern web interface to access your emails on all major domain mail providers like Yahoo, Gmail, Outlook and many others as well as your own local mail servers, and, also, acts as a MUA (Mail User Agent) by accessing domain mail servers through IMAP and SMTP protocols. diff --git a/sources/tech/20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md b/sources/tech/20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md index f7512e3ebf..5b254f80c0 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -占坑。。。。 - Fix “Cannot Add PPA” Error In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint ================================================================================ ![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/PPA_Error_Ubuntu.jpeg) From f506a82fb38497ece4b7ce14eaf634750ef12d35 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sat, 31 May 2014 20:51:27 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 383/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E8=A1=A5=E5=85=85=E5=88=A0=E9=99=A4?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md | 43 ------------------- 1 file changed, 43 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/20140527 4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md diff --git a/sources/news/20140527 4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md b/sources/news/20140527 4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7db4550790..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20140527 4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,43 +0,0 @@ -2q1w2007翻译中 -4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All -================================================================================ -![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/4MLinux-9-0-Beta-Is-a-55-MB-Operating-System-that-Has-It-All-443946-2.jpg) - -**4MLinux, a mini Linux distribution that is focused on the 4Ms of computing, Maintenance (system rescue Live CD), Multimedia (e.g., playing video DVDs), Miniserver (using the inetd daemon), and Mystery (Linux games), has advanced to version 9.0 Beta.** - -4MLinux is one of the smallest distributions in the world that are still able to provide users with a desktop environment and a number of applications that can make this OS something to be used on a daily basis. - -Most of the minimalistic Linux operating systems don't usually provide such a plethora of applications right from the start, especially if we keep in mind that the distro only weighs a little over 55MB. - -“The main features in this release are maintenance (MBR and GPT partitioning software, 4MLinux Backup Scripts 9.0, ClamAV 0.98.3), multimedia (MPlayer SVN-r37146, FFmpeg Git-2014-04-10), a mini server (FTP, HTTP, SSH, SFTP), and mystery (a set of small games).” - -“The X Window System is based on X.Org Server 1.15.1, Mesa 10.1.3, JWM 2.2.2, and the FOX toolkit 1.6.49. Fully automatic installation of the ‘vanilla’ versions of LibreOffice 4.2.4, Java RE 7u55, and VirtualBox 4.3.12 is also supported. The size of the ISO image is about 55 MB,” said the developer on his blog. - -As you can see, most of the packages provided are very new, like VirtualBox, LibreOffice, Mesa, Ffmpeg, ClamAV, and so on. If you have any doubts about this release, you can always start it in a virtual machine and take it for a spin. - -What's interesting is the fact that users can stop the booting process right before the X Server kicks in and use the system in command line, which is actually a nice change of pace. - -The developer will now start to release all the other distributions that he is building around this major update, like Allinone, Gaming, Server, Media, Rescue, and so on. Keep in mind that you can install any of these Linux distros from the main launcher with the help of a very simple piece of software. - -Users will also find that most of the applications that you need are available in the repositories and that the 4MLinux distro can be turned into any of the flavors mentioned above just by downloading the appropriate packages. - -A complete list of changes and updates can be found in the official [announcement][1]. - -### Download 4MLinux 9.0 Beta: ### - -- [4MLinux 8.2 (ISO)][2][iso] [53.90 MB] -- [4MLinux 9.0 Beta (ISO)][3][iso] [53 MB] - -Remember that this is a development version and it should NOT be installed on production machines. It is intended for testing purposes only. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/4MLinux-9-0-Beta-Is-a-55-MB-Operating-System-that-Has-It-All-443946.shtml - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://4mlinux-releases.blogspot.ro/2014/05/4mlinux-90-beta-released.html -[2]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/linux4m/files/8.0/updates/8.2/livecd/4MLinux-8.2.iso/download -[3]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/linux4m/files/9.0/livecd/4MLinux-9.0.iso/download From d9d95c8f6f70618005f3557bf46edbbff954a9e8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sat, 31 May 2014 21:18:30 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 384/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9ASix=20Steps?= =?UTF-8?q?=20You=20Need=20to=20Take=20to=20Make=20Ubuntu=2014.04=20LTS=20?= =?UTF-8?q?Better?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @Hao-Ding 明天发布 --- ...Take to Make Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Better.markdown | 16 ++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/Six Steps You Need to Take to Make Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Better.markdown (58%) diff --git a/translated/tech/Six Steps You Need to Take to Make Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Better.markdown b/published/Six Steps You Need to Take to Make Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Better.markdown similarity index 58% rename from translated/tech/Six Steps You Need to Take to Make Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Better.markdown rename to published/Six Steps You Need to Take to Make Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Better.markdown index 68300fcf27..61e9698528 100644 --- a/translated/tech/Six Steps You Need to Take to Make Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Better.markdown +++ b/published/Six Steps You Need to Take to Make Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Better.markdown @@ -1,29 +1,29 @@ 六步优化你的 Ubuntu 14.04 ================================================================================ -![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Six-Step-You-Need-to-Take-to-Make-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-Better-439341-2.jpg) +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Six-Step-You-Need-to-Take-to-Make-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-Better-439341-2.jpg) -**Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Trusty Tahr) 是一个非常优秀的操作系统，但是与其他发行版一样，它的初始化配置对用户来说并不是最优的配置。这样设置有许多原因，但我们可以自己做一些配置来极大地提升你的Ubuntu操作体验。** +**Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Trusty Tahr) 是一个非常优秀的操作系统，但是与其他发行版一样，它的初始化配置对用户来说并不是最优的配置。虽然这样有许多原因，但我们可以自己做一些配置来极大地提升你的Ubuntu操作体验。** -虽然 Ubuntu 是一款非常优秀的操作系统，而且其14.04的最新版本也是Canonical迄今为止制作的最精心版本，许多用户这一系统中仍存在许多需要改善的方面。确实，如果你希望获得完整的操作体验，你需要进行一些设置修改。 +Ubuntu 是一款非常优秀的操作系统，而且其14.04的最新版本也是Canonical迄今为止制作的最精心版本，但是对于许多用户来说，这一系统中仍存在许多需要改善的方面。确实，如果你希望获得完整的操作体验，你需要进行一些设置修改。 比如，当你第一次启动这一系统时，你需要打开“软件与更新”(Software & Updates)，确认在第一个选项“Ubuntu Software”中所有的子选项都被选中。因为如果你想获得所有重要的包，你需要这些软件库被激活。 ![Software & Updates repositories](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Six-Step-You-Need-to-Take-to-Make-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-Better-439341-3.jpg) “软件与更新”(Software & Updates)软件库 -第二个修改是安装Ubuntu Restricted Extras. 这样会突出许多由于法律原因而无法与操作系统绑定的重要软件包，如Adobe公司的Flash与Microsoft的字体。自己安装这些软件是没有任何问题的，但开发者不能默认地包含这些软件。打开一个终端，输入如下命令： +第二个修改是安装Ubuntu Restricted Extras. 这样可以安装许多由于法律原因而无法与操作系统绑定的重要软件包，如Adobe公司的Flash与Microsoft的字体。自己安装这些软件是没有任何问题的，但开发者不能默认地包含这些软件。打开一个终端，输入如下命令： sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras -安装完成后，你需要删掉系统默认的messenger：Empathy. 它是GNOME的一部分，而且是一个非常有限的并有bugs的解决方案。你需要安装Pidgin来替换。根据如下命令进行安装： +安装完成后，你需要删掉系统默认的即时消息软件：Empathy. 它是GNOME的一部分，而且是一个非常有限的并有bugs的解决方案。你需要安装Pidgin来替换。根据如下命令进行安装： sudo apt-get remove empathy sudo apt-get install pidgin sudo apt-get install pidgin-plugin-pack -现在，如果你已经完成了对messager的处理，你需要安装视频卡(video card)的驱动。如果你有Intel的GPU，你不需要做任何事情，但是如果你的GPU是NVIDIA或者AMD的，你可能需要相应公司的驱动，这样可以为你提供更好的游戏性能。再次打开“软件与更新”(Software & Updates)，点击最后一个选项：额外驱动(Additional Drivers)，选择你需要的驱动。这需要一定时间，请耐心等待。然后重启。 +现在，如果你已经完成了对即时消息软件的处理，你需要安装视频卡(video card)的驱动。如果你有Intel的GPU，你不需要做任何事情，但是如果你的GPU是NVIDIA或者AMD的，你可能需要相应公司的驱动，这样可以在游戏中为你提供更好的性能。再次打开“软件与更新”(Software & Updates)，点击最后一个选项：额外驱动(Additional Drivers)，选择你需要的驱动。这需要一定时间，请耐心等待。然后重启。 ![Software & Updates drivers](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Six-Step-You-Need-to-Take-to-Make-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-Better-439341-4.jpg) “软件与更新”(Software & Updates)驱动 @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ ![Stop online search in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Six-Step-You-Need-to-Take-to-Make-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-Better-439341-5.jpg) 在Ubuntu 14.04 LTS中关闭在线搜索 -最后，你可能也想稍微定制一下桌面。在桌面点击鼠标右键，选择改变桌面背景。你会发现一个名为“Launcher图标大小”的滚动条。你可以激活这个滚动条，修改结果也可以实时看到。在“行为”选项中，你也可以发现一个选项来选择在应用窗口中显示菜单，而不是在Unity的顶部条那显示。 +最后，你可能也想稍微定制一下桌面。在桌面点击鼠标右键，选择改变桌面背景。你会发现一个名为“启动器图标大小”的滚动条。你可以激活这个滚动条，修改结果也可以实时看到。在“行为”选项中，你也可以发现一个选项来选择在应用窗口中显示菜单，而不是在Unity的顶部条那显示。 ![Change the way menus are displayed](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Six-Step-You-Need-to-Take-to-Make-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-Better-439341-6.jpg) 改变菜单的显示方式 @@ -46,6 +46,6 @@ via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Six-Step-You-Need-to-Take-to-Make-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-Better-439341.shtml -译者：[Hao-Ding](https://github.com/Hao-Ding) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[Hao-Ding](https://github.com/Hao-Ding) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file From 08ce6d81ccb58eefe76d9b638e34d22214057513 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: MikeCoder Date: Sat, 31 May 2014 21:29:19 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 385/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... using 'Nginx and Apache' in Arch Linux.md | 145 +++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 74 insertions(+), 71 deletions(-) rename {sources => translated}/tech/20140529 Install RainLoop Webmail (A Web Based Email Client) using 'Nginx and Apache' in Arch Linux.md (62%) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140529 Install RainLoop Webmail (A Web Based Email Client) using 'Nginx and Apache' in Arch Linux.md b/translated/tech/20140529 Install RainLoop Webmail (A Web Based Email Client) using 'Nginx and Apache' in Arch Linux.md similarity index 62% rename from sources/tech/20140529 Install RainLoop Webmail (A Web Based Email Client) using 'Nginx and Apache' in Arch Linux.md rename to translated/tech/20140529 Install RainLoop Webmail (A Web Based Email Client) using 'Nginx and Apache' in Arch Linux.md index 823c061422..b8d0270aae 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140529 Install RainLoop Webmail (A Web Based Email Client) using 'Nginx and Apache' in Arch Linux.md +++ b/translated/tech/20140529 Install RainLoop Webmail (A Web Based Email Client) using 'Nginx and Apache' in Arch Linux.md @@ -1,60 +1,60 @@ -翻译中... - -Install RainLoop Webmail (A Web Based Email Client) using ‘Nginx and Apache’ in Arch Linux +使用`Nginx和Apache`安装RainLoop Webmail(一个网页邮件客户端) ================================================================================ -Rainloop is a free Open Source web application written in PHP which provides a fast modern web interface to access your emails on all major domain mail providers like Yahoo, Gmail, Outlook and many others as well as your own local mail servers, and, also, acts as a MUA (Mail User Agent) by accessing domain mail servers through IMAP and SMTP protocols. +Rainloop是一个使用PHP编写的，开源免费的网页邮件客户端。他支持包括Google,Yahoo,OutLook在内的主流的邮件服务器，当然，他也支持你自己的本地邮件服务器。他主要的表现看起来像使用IMAP和SMTP协议的MUA(邮件客户端)。 -#### RainLoop Demo #### +#### RainLoop 示例 #### -Have a quick look at the demo page setup by the author at [http://demo.rainloop.net/][1]. +可以看一下作者编写的安装文档： [http://demo.rainloop.net/][1]. -![Install RainLoop in Arch Linux](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux.jpg) -Install RainLoop in Arch Linux +![在Arch Linux上安装RainLoop](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux.jpg) +在Arch Linux上安装RainLoop -Once you have deployed Rainloop on your servers the only thing remaining to do is to access your Rainloop domain through a web browser and provide credentials for your enabled domain mail server. +一旦在您的服务器部署上Rainloop，剩余要做的唯一的事情是通过Web浏览器访问您的Rainloop，并提供你正在使用的邮件服务器信息。 -This tutorial covers **Rainloop** webmail installation process on **Arch Linux** from both point of view configuration files for **Apache** and **Nginx**, using a virtual local domain configured through local hosts file, without a DNS server. +本教程包含了在 **Arch Linux**上的**Rainloop** 网页客户端的安装流程，包括如何进行配置 **Apache** 或 **Nginx**, 当然本教程使用修改Hosts的方式，从而避免了DNS的访问。 If you also need references on installing Rainloop on **Debian** and **Red Hat** systems visit the previous RainLoop Webmail article at. +如果你还是需要一篇在**Debian** 和 **Red Hat** 安装 RainLoop Webmail 的教程，你可以看这篇文章： + - [Install RainLoop Webmail on Debian and Red Hat based Systems][2] -### Requirements ### +### 系统要求 ### -#### For Nginx #### +#### 对 Nginx #### - [Install LEMP (Nginx, PHP, MySQL with MariaDB engine and PhpMyAdmin) in Arch Linux][3] - [Create Virtual Hosts in Nginx Web Server][4] -#### For Apache #### +#### 对 Apache #### - [Install LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL/MariaDB, and PHP/PhpMyAdmin) in Arch Linux][5] -### Step 1: Create Virtual Hosts for Nginx or Apache ### +### Step 1:为 Nginx 或者 Apache 提供虚拟Host### -**1.** Assuming that you have configured your servers (**Nginx** or **Apache**) as described in upper presentations links, the first thing you need to do is to create a rudimentary **DNS** entry on local **hosts** file that points to **Arch Linux** system IP. +**1.** 假设你已经配置您的服务器（**Nginx**或**Apache**），如上面介绍的链接描述的，你需要做的第一件事是在Hosts文件里创建一个指向**的Arch Linux*系统的IP。 -On Linux system edit **/etc/hosts** file and include your Rainloop virtual domain after localhost entry. +对与Linux系统，修改 **/etc/hosts** 文件并且在你得localhost下添加 Rainloop virtual 域。如下： 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost rainloop.lan 192.168.1.33 rainloop.lan ![Add Domain Host Entry](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-01.jpg) -Add Domain Host Entry +添加域信息 -On Windows system edit **C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts** and add the following line at the bottom. +对于Windows系统，则修改 **C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts** 并且将接下来的内容添加到你的文件里： 192.168.1.33 rainloop.lan **2.** After you verify local domain using **ping** command, create the necessary **Virtual Hosts** and **SSL** configurations for **Apache** or **Nginx**. -#### Nginx Virtual Hosts #### +#### Nginx 虚拟主机 #### -Create a file named **rainloop.lan** in **/etc/nginx/sites-available/** path with the following configuration. +在**/etc/nginx/sites-available/** 目录下使用如下命令创建一个名叫**rainloop.lan**的文件： $ sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/rainloop.conf -Add the following file content. +添加如下的文件内容： server { listen 80; @@ -90,11 +90,11 @@ Add the following file content. } } -Then create the SSL equivalent file content. +接下来创建SSL配置文件： $ sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/rainloop-ssl.conf -Add the following file content. +添加如下内容： server { listen 443 ssl; @@ -137,14 +137,14 @@ Add the following file content. } } -On the next step generate **Certificate** file and **Keys** for **SSL Virtual Host** and add your virtual domain name (**rainloop.lan**) on Certificate **Common Name**. +接下来将会自动生成**Certificate**和**Keys**文件，然后在文件中叫**Common Name*的证书里中添加您的虚拟域名（** rainloop.lan**）。 $ sudo nginx_gen_ssl.sh ![Generate Certificate and Keys](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-04.jpg\) -Generate Certificate and Keys +生成证书和密钥 -After the Certificate and SSL keys are generated, create Rainloop **root** webserver file path ( place where Rainloop PHP files reside), then enable Virtual Hosts and restart Nginx daemon to apply configurations. +生成证书和SSL密钥后，创建Rainloop**根**网络服务器的文件路径（Rainloop PHP文件所在的位置），然后启用虚拟主机，并重新启动Nginx的守护进程，应用配置。 $ sudo mkdir -p /srv/www/rainloop $ sudo n2ensite rainloop @@ -152,15 +152,15 @@ After the Certificate and SSL keys are generated, create Rainloop **root** webse $ sudo systemctl restart nginx ![Create RainLoop Web Director](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-05.jpg) -Create RainLoop Web Director +创建RainLoop 网页向导 -#### Apache Virtual Hosts #### +#### Apache 虚拟主机 #### -Create a new file named **rainloop.conf** in **/etc/httpd/conf/sites-available/** with the following content. +在**/etc/httpd/conf/sites-available/**中创建 **rainloop.conf**文件： $ sudo nano /etc/httpd/conf/sites-available/rainloop.conf -Add the following file content. +添加如下内容： ServerName rainloop.lan @@ -180,13 +180,13 @@ Add the following file content. ![Create Apache Virtual Host](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-06.jpg) -Create Apache Virtual Host +创建Apache虚拟主机 -Then create the SSL equivalent file content for Apache. +为Apache添加SSL支持： $ sudo nano /etc/httpd/conf/sites-available/rainloop-ssl.conf -Add the following file content. +添加如下文件内容： ServerName rainloop.lan @@ -220,17 +220,19 @@ Add the following file content. -The next step is to create **SSL Certificate** file and **Keys** for **SSL Virtual Host** and add put your virtual domain name (**rainloop.lan**) on Certificate **Common Name**. + +接下来将会自动生成**Certificate**和**Keys**文件，然后在文件中叫**Common Name*的证书里中添加您的虚拟域名（** rainloop.lan**）。 $ sudo apache_gen_ssl ![Create SSL Certificate and Keys](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-07.jpg) -Create SSL Certificate and Keys +创建SSL证书和密钥 ![Enter Organization Details](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-08.jpg) -Enter Organization Details +输入组织信息 After the Certificate and SSL keys are created, add Rainloop **DocumentRoot** path, then enable Virtual Hosts and restart Apache daemon to apply configurations. +在证书和密钥建立之后，添加RainLoop **DocumentRoot**目录，之后激活虚拟主机，并且重启Apache应用设置。 $ sudo mkdir -p /srv/www/rainloop $ sudo a2ensite rainloop @@ -238,15 +240,15 @@ After the Certificate and SSL keys are created, add Rainloop **DocumentRoot** pa $ sudo systemctl restart httpd ![Enable Virtual Hosts](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-09.jpg) -Enable Virtual Hosts +激活虚拟主机 -### Step 2: Add necessary PHP Extensions ### +### Step 2: 添加必要的PHP支持 ### -**3.** Whether you are using **Apache** or **Nginx** webserver, you need to enable the following PHP extensions on **php.ini** file and, also, include the new webserver **DocumentRoot** path to open_basedir directive. +**3.** 无论您使用的是**Apache**或**Nginx**Web服务器，您需要激活**php.ini**文件下中的PHP扩展，包括新的服务器**DocumentRoot**目录。 $ sudo nano /etc/php/php.ini -Locate and uncomment the following PHP extensions. +找到并且取消如下的PHP扩展的注释： extension=iconv.so extension=imap.so @@ -256,73 +258,74 @@ Locate and uncomment the following PHP extensions. extension=openssl.so ( enables IMAPS and SMTP SSL protocols on mail servers) extension=pdo_mysql.so -Also open_basedir statement should look like this. +open_basedir语句应该看起来和这个一样。 open_basedir = /srv/http/:/home/:/tmp/:/usr/share/pear/:/usr/share/webapps/:/etc/webapps/:/srv/www/ **4.** After the **php.ini** file was modified restart your server than check **phpinfo** file to see if **SSL** protocols are enabled. +**4.** 在修改好**php.ini**之后，重启你得服务器，然后检查 **phpinfo** 文件，去看看**SSL**协议是否已经激活。 - ----------On Apache Web Server---------- + ----------对于 Apache Web 服务器---------- $ sudo systemctl restart httpd ---------- - ----------On Nginx Web Server---------- + ----------对于 Nginx Web 服务器---------- $ sudo systemctl restart nginx $ sudo systemctl restart php-fpm ![Check PHP Information](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-10.png) Check PHP Information -### Step 3: Download and Install RainLoop Webmail ### +### Step 3: 下载和安装 RainLoop Webmail ### -**5.** Now it’s time to download and extract Rainloop application from official website to Document Root directory but first install **wget** and **unzip** system utilities. +**5.**现在是时候从官方网站下载并解压缩Rainloop应用到文档根目录，但是需要首先安装**wget的**和**unzip**程序。 $ sudo pacman -S unzip wget -**6.** Download latest source package Rainloop zip archive using **wget** command or by using a browser to navigate to [http://rainloop.net/downloads/][6]. +**6.** 使用**wget**命令或通过使用浏览器导航到[http://rainloop.net/downloads/] [6]下载最新的源码包Rainloop zip归档。 $ wget http://repository.rainloop.net/v1/rainloop-latest.zip ![Download RainLoop Package](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-11.png) -Download RainLoop Package +下载 RainLoop 包 -**7.** After the download process finishes, extract Rainloop archive to Virtual Host Document Root path ( **/srv/www/rainloop/** ). +**7.** 下载过程完成后，解压Rainloop归档到虚拟主机文档根目录路径( **/srv/www/rainloop/** )。 $ sudo unzip rainloop-latest.zip -d /srv/www/rainloop/ ![Extract Rainloop Archive](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-12.png) -Extract Rainloop Archive +解压 -**8.** Then set the following permissions on application default path. +**8.** 然后设置应用程序的默认路径下的权限。 $ sudo chmod -R 755 /srv/www/rainloop/ $ sudo chown -R http:http /srv/www/rainloop/ ![Set Permission on RainLoop](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-13.jpg) -Set Permission on RainLoop +设置权限 -### Step 4: Configure Rainloop via Web Interface ### +### Step 4: 通过网页配置RainLoop### -**9.** Rainloop application can be configured in two ways: using a system shell of via browser. If you want to configure over terminal open and edit **application.ini** file located in **/srv/www/rainloop/data/_data_da047852f16d2bc7352b24240a2f1599/_default_/configs/**. +**9.** Rainloop应用程序可以通过两种方式进行配置：使用浏览器或者系统shell。如果要在终端配置就打开和编辑位于**/ srv/www/rainloop/data/_data_da047852f16d2bc7352b24240a2f1599/_default_/configs/**的application.ini**文件。 -**10.** To access Admin Interface from browser, use the following URL address **https://rainloop.lan/?admin**, then provide the default application credentials. +**10.** 若要从浏览器访问管理界面，使用下面的URL地址** https://rainloop.lan/?admin**，然后提供默认的应用程序用户名密码。 User= admin Password= 12345 ![Rainloop Web Interface](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-14.png) -Rainloop Web Interface +Rainloop Web 界面 -**11.** After initial login you will be warn to change the default password, so I advise you to do it. +**11.** 首次登录后，你将被警告更改默认密码，所以我劝你做这一点。 ![Change Default Password](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-15.png) -Change Default Password +修改默认 Password ![Set New Admin Password](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-16.png) -Set New Admin Password +设置新的 Admin Password -**12.** If you want to enable **contacts** login to MySQL database and create a new database with a privileged user on it, then provide database credentials on **Contacts** fields. +**12.** 如果您要启用**Contact**，就登录到MySQL数据库并创建上有一个特权用户和一个新的数据库，然后提供**Contacts**字段的数据库凭据。 mysql -u root -p create database if not exists rainloop; @@ -332,39 +335,39 @@ Set New Admin Password exit; ![Enable Contacts in RainLoop](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-17.png) -Enable Contacts in RainLoop +在 RainLoop 中激活联系人 ![Enter Contact Database Details](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-18.png) -Enter Contact Database Details +添加联系人数据 -**13.** By default Rainloop provides **Gmail**, **Yahoo** and **Outlook** domains mail server configuration files, but you can add other mail server domains if you like. +**13.** 默认情况下Rainloop提供** Gmail**，**Yahoo**和**Outlook**的邮件服务器的配置文件，但是你如果愿意，你也可以添加其他的邮件服务器域。 ![Default Mail Domains](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-19.png) -Default Mail Domains +默认 Mail 域 ![Add New Domain](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-20.png) -Add New Domain +添加新域 -**14.** To login on your mail server point your browser to **https://rainloop.lan** and provide your domain server credentials. +**14.** 登录你的邮件服务器，浏览** https://rainloop.lan**，并提供您的域名服务器验证信息。 ![Login to Mail Domain](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-21.png) -Login to Mail Domain +登录到邮件页面 ![Login to Gmail Domain](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-22.png) -Login to Gmail Domain +登录Gmail ![RainLoop Email Interface](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Install-RainLoop-in-Arch-Linux-23.png) -RainLoop Email Interface +RainLoop Email 界面 -For further configurations please visit official Rainloop documentation page at [http://rainloop.net/docs/][7]. +想要了解更多的文件，可以访问：[http://rainloop.net/docs/][7]. -With Rainloop you can access mail servers from any device that has a browser as long as your server has Internet connectivity, the only minus of using Rainloop application in Arch Linux so far is the lack of poppassd plugin package needed to change email account password. +通过Rainloop你可以从浏览器中访问具有Internet连接的任何邮件服务器。唯一的缺憾就是在Arch Linux下使用Rainloop应用的人缺乏修改电子邮件帐户密码的poppassd插件包。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://www.tecmint.com/install-rainloop-webmail-in-arch-linux/ -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[MikeCoder](https://github.com/MikeCoder) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 228e4eeb4b2a8fe1f29e9e754c6beabfb2b35195 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sat, 31 May 2014 21:37:09 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 386/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9ALinux=20find?= =?UTF-8?q?mnt=20Command=20To=20Find=20Mounted=20Filesystems?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @zzlyzq 明天发布~ --- ...mnt Command To Find Mounted Filesystems.md | 23 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/Linux findmnt Command To Find Mounted Filesystems.md (80%) diff --git a/translated/tech/Linux findmnt Command To Find Mounted Filesystems.md b/published/Linux findmnt Command To Find Mounted Filesystems.md similarity index 80% rename from translated/tech/Linux findmnt Command To Find Mounted Filesystems.md rename to published/Linux findmnt Command To Find Mounted Filesystems.md index 2c4fba0448..93167fa8e6 100644 --- a/translated/tech/Linux findmnt Command To Find Mounted Filesystems.md +++ b/published/Linux findmnt Command To Find Mounted Filesystems.md @@ -1,11 +1,10 @@ -[zzlyzq translated] -Linux命令findmnt-寻找挂载的文件系统 +findmnt-寻找挂载的文件系统 ================================================================================ -命令findmnt用来查找在Linux下已经被挂载的文件系统。该命令会从/etc/fstab,/etc/mtab或者/proc/self/mountinfo中寻找特定的文件系统。 +命令findmnt用来查找在Linux下已经被挂载的文件系统。该命令会从/etc/fstab、/etc/mtab或者/proc/self/mountinfo中寻找指定的文件系统。 ### 如何安装findmnt ### -findmnt命令来自于util-linux-ng软件包，现在改名为util-linux。该软件包中还包括其他一些工具，比如hwclock。从kernel.org ftp页面安装findmnt[下载util-linux][1]。 +findmnt命令来自于util-linux-ng软件包，这个包现在改名为util-linux。该软件包中还包括其他一些工具，比如hwclock等。从kernel.org ftp页面[下载util-linux][1]以安装findmnt。 ### 如何在Fedora下安装findmnt ### @@ -15,7 +14,7 @@ Fedora用户可以通过下面的命令安装该软件包： ### Findmnt默认选项 ### -如果没有提供特定的挂载点或者设备，该命令默认会列出所有已经被挂载的文件系统。 +如果没有提供特定的挂载点或者设备，该命令默认会以优美的树形结构列出所有已经被挂载的文件系统。 $ findmnt @@ -31,16 +30,15 @@ findmnt可以被用来监控/proc/self/mountinfo文件的变化。轮询模式 $ findmnt --poll -/proc/self/mountinfo文件的任何变化会自动的在终端中进行更新。一开始你不会发现终端中的输出有任何变化，如果此时你拔掉闪存再插入，变化就会出现在终端中。 +/proc/self/mountinfo文件的任何变化会自动的在终端中进行更新。一开始你不会发现终端中的输出有任何变化，如果此时你拔掉U盘再插入，变化就会出现在终端中。 ![findmnt poll](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/findmnt-poll.png) -轮询模式的时间可以通过**--timeout**或者**--first-only**选项进行限制。 - +轮询停止的时间可以通过**--timeout**或者**--first-only**选项进行限制。 ### 超时选项 ### -该选项可以与--pool一起使用来限制轮询模式的时间。**超时单位是毫秒**。超时后，findmnt不会再监控/proc/self/mountinfo文件的变化。 +该选项可以与--pool一起使用来限制轮询模式的时间。**超时单位是毫秒**。超过此时间后，findmnt不会再监控/proc/self/mountinfo文件的变化。 $ findmnt --poll --timeout 6000 @@ -90,7 +88,7 @@ findmnt命令也可以用来模仿df命令的输出。你可以参考如下的 ![findmnt fstab evaluate](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/findmnt-fstab-evaluate.png) -### Findmnt type 选项 ### +### Findmnt type 选项 ### 该选项允许你限制打印出的文件系统。多个文件系统可以使用逗号分割进行指定。在这个实例中，该命令会搜索ext4,ext3和vfat文件系统。 @@ -98,14 +96,15 @@ findmnt命令也可以用来模仿df命令的输出。你可以参考如下的 ![findmnt types](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/findmnt-types.png) -### 结论 ### +### 结语 ### + 你可以按照你的需要尝试不同的findmnt选项。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/powerful-findmnt-command/ -译者：[zzlyzq](https://github.com/zzlyzq) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[zzlyzq](https://github.com/zzlyzq) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From d03fa799da229c2a136739c725cd59ea4972a5bf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sat, 31 May 2014 21:47:37 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 387/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83:Install=20Spotify=20?= =?UTF-8?q?In=20Ubuntu=2014.04=20&=20Linux=20Mint=2017?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md (87%) diff --git a/translated/tech/Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md b/published/Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md similarity index 87% rename from translated/tech/Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md rename to published/Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md index 2307c06b49..af25a0d501 100644 --- a/translated/tech/Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md +++ b/published/Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -在Ubuntu 14.04 和 Linux Mint 17 中安装 Spotify +在Ubuntu/Mint中安装 Spotify ================================================================================ -Spotify 是一个现今非常流行的流媒体音乐服务。不仅可以在网页上访问其服务，而且可以在 linux 中安装其桌面客户端。这个客户端增加了额外的功能，比如监听本地音乐和同步本地音乐到Spotify 服务器、iPhone 、iPod等其它移动设备。 +Spotify 是一个现今非常流行的流媒体音乐服务。不仅可以在网页上访问其服务，而且可以在 linux 中安装其桌面客户端。这个客户端增加了额外的功能，比如听播放本地音乐和同步本地音乐到Spotify 服务器、或同步本地音乐到iPhone 、iPod等其它移动设备。 在本文将讨论如何快速 **在 Ubuntu 14.04 安装 Spotify ** 以及其它基于 Debian 的发行版，如 Linux Mint, Elementary OS, Bodhi 等等。 @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Spotify 是一个现今非常流行的流媒体音乐服务。不仅可以在网 via: http://itsfoss.com/install-spotify-ubuntu-1404/ -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[liushui312](https://github.com/liushui312) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 1e936786e6e1accb487173207f2fd5f788a3c4a7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sat, 31 May 2014 22:03:58 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 388/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AUbuntu=2014.?= =?UTF-8?q?04=20LTS=20Major=20Application=20Updates?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ntu 14.04 LTS Major Application Updates.md | 23 +++++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Major Application Updates.md (51%) diff --git a/translated/tech/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Major Application Updates.md b/published/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Major Application Updates.md similarity index 51% rename from translated/tech/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Major Application Updates.md rename to published/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Major Application Updates.md index fa30df2e43..6bcbfde181 100644 --- a/translated/tech/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Major Application Updates.md +++ b/published/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Major Application Updates.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -Ubuntu 14.04 LTS: 主要程序更新 +Ubuntu 14.04 LTS中的主要程序变化的总结 ================================================================================ 过去几周我们已经讨论过 Ubuntu 的第一个LTS新版本在过去两年内在操作系统方面的主要更新。今天我们将要列出 Ubuntu 应用程序商店中自从上一个 LTS 版本以来主要的应用程序更新。 @@ -7,28 +7,33 @@ Ubuntu 14.04 LTS: 主要程序更新 除了大量桌面应用程序更新(下一节讨论)外，两年以来大量的其他程序和工具都有了非常不错的更新。以下讨论其中的一部分： - **Xen 4.4** - 对于 Ubuntu 内置 Xen 这是一个重大更新。最显著的变化就是它不再支持纯32位的 CPU 了(虽然还继续支持32位操作系统)。这不应该是一个大问题，因为过去六年以来大多数CPU都是64位的。但是这意味着那些还在老服务器或笔记本上使用 Ubuntu 的人需要知道 Xen 将不再支持他们的CPU了。 + 对于 Ubuntu 内置的 Xen 这是一个重大更新。最显著的变化就是它不再支持纯32位的 CPU 了（虽然还继续支持32位操作系统）。这不应该是一个大问题，因为过去六年以来大多数CPU都是64位的。但是这意味着那些还在老服务器或笔记本上使用 Ubuntu 的人需要知道 Xen 将不再支持他们的CPU了。 -- **QEMU 2.0** 紧接着 Xen 后面介绍 QEMU ，因为为了适应 Xen，QEMU做了些调整。最主要的影响是在 KVM 中创建的虚拟机无法从以前的 Ubuntu 12.04 迁移到这个版本，并且快照也无法恢复。另外，加入了对 arm64 的二进制虚拟。 -- **MySQL** 尽管默认安装的是 MySQL 5.5，但是也可以从标准库中安装 Percona, MariaDB 或者 MySQL 5.6。惊喜的是，不想其他的软件发布库，Ubuntu 并没有将数据库换成MariaDB ，继续默认安装。估计是和甲骨文维持了比较好的关系。 +- **QEMU 2.0** + 紧接着 Xen 后面介绍 QEMU ，因为为了适应 Xen，QEMU做了些调整。最主要的影响是在 KVM 中创建的虚拟机无法从以前的 Ubuntu 12.04 迁移到这个版本，并且快照也无法恢复。另外，加入了对 arm64 的二进制虚拟。 -- **Apache 2.4 and PHP 5.5** 有点意外的是 Apache 升级到了2.4版本，毕竟2.2版本已经稳定使用了太久了。但我还是乐意看到 Apache 发布了桌面版。PHP 早在 12.04 LTS 就可以升级到 PHP 5.5 ，新版系统将其默认安装了。注意：如果你使用的是一些老板 CMS 平台 (cough, cough – DRUPAL), 在升级过程中可能得做一些调整，具体请参考文档。 +- **MySQL** + 尽管默认安装的是 MySQL 5.5，但是也可以从标准库中安装 Percona, MariaDB 或者 MySQL 5.6。令人意外的是，不像其他的主流发行版，Ubuntu 并没有将数据库换成MariaDB ，继续默认安装 MySQL。我猜测估计是和甲骨文维持了比较好的关系。 + +- **Apache 2.4 和 PHP 5.5** + 有点意外的是 Apache 升级到了2.4版本，毕竟2.2版本已经稳定使用了太久了。但我还是很高兴地看到主流发行版能够跟上新的版本。PHP 早在 12.04 LTS 就可以升级到 PHP 5.5 了，不过新版系统则已经默认安装 PHP 5.5 了。注意：如果你使用的是一些老板 CMS 平台 (嗯嗯，比如DRUPAL), 在升级过程中可能得做一些调整，具体请参考文档。 ### 软件中心：桌面应用程序升级 ### -简单来说，软件中心的主要几个软件都有许多重大更新(比较距离上个版本已经有两年的时间了)。最明显的软件更新如下： +简单来说，软件中心的主要几个软件都有许多重大更新(毕竟距离上个版本已经有两年的时间了)。最明显的软件更新如下： - Google Chrome 33 - Firefox 28 - Nautilus 3.10 - The Gimp – 2.8 -- KDE 4.13 (我觉得是最好的桌面软件) +- KDE 4.13 (我觉得是最好的桌面环境) 上面虽然没提，办公套件已经预装了 LibreOffice 4.2.3.3 ，看起来棒极了，不信自己看： ![Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Libre Office Upgrade](https://linuxacademy.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/newlibreoffice4233.png) -总结 +### 总结 ### + 总之，Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 成功的从 12.04 平滑过渡过来了。除非你运气太差，使用了最新版本的 NVidia 显卡(使用 780GTX 或 Titan芯片的 Linux 专用驱动并没有集成到系统中)。 以下的几篇文章中，我将深入了解有关显示器和显卡的更多的技术细节(高分辨率显示器更好)，同时对 Mir(Xwindows 桌面替换软件) 做一个早期预览测试(当然是在虚拟机环境中)。如果你还有其他想知道的，在评论栏里留言，我们下周见！ @@ -38,6 +43,6 @@ Ubuntu 14.04 LTS: 主要程序更新 via:https://linuxacademy.com/blog/linux/ubuntu-14-04-lts-major-application-updates/ -译者：[shipsw](https://github.com/shipsw) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[shipsw](https://github.com/shipsw) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 8aef88abc5ffede3148173598dd84fe0c084217a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Sat, 31 May 2014 22:17:09 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 389/601] =?UTF-8?q?[=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90?= =?UTF-8?q?=E5=88=A0=E9=99=A4]?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...A' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md | 37 ------------------- 1 file changed, 37 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md b/sources/tech/20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7bcfcaf05a..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,37 +0,0 @@ -alim0x translating - -Fix “Cannot Add PPA” Error In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint -================================================================================ -![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/PPA_Error_Ubuntu.jpeg) - -A regular reader of It’s FOSS, Chetan Jain contacted me today with this question: How can I fix “Cannot add PPA” error in Ubuntu 14.04. Chetan was trying to install [TLP (power management tool to reduce overheting)][1] and encountered this error: - - chetan@Inspiron-3521:~$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:linrunner/tlp - Cannot add PPA: ‘ppa:linrunner/tlp’. - Please check that the PPA name or format is correct. - -If you encounter similar error while adding a PPA in Ubuntu or Mint, don’t worry. It’s one of the (less) common issue with PPA and can be solved easily. - -### Fix Cannot add PPA error in Ubuntu and Linux Mint ### - -There can be mainly two reasons behind this kind of error. Either the CA certificates on your system are broken or there is a proxy set up in your network. - -Let’s first try to reinstall the CA certificates: - - sudo apt-get install --reinstall ca-certificates - -If the above command doesn’t work, perhaps there is proxy settings involved. To pass proxy settings to sudo, use it with E option in the following manner: - - sudo -E add-apt-repository ppa:linrunner/tlp - -This will get the PPA working. Chetan’s issue was solved with the second solution. I hope this quick tip help you as well to get rid of the PPA error. Any questions or suggestions are always welcomed. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://itsfoss.com/fix-add-ppa-error-ubuntu-1404-linux-mint/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://itsfoss.com/solve-overheating-issue-battery-life-ubuntu-1304/ From ddfa15e8ac98a5921556db57bac41f6fa26bf8da Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Sat, 31 May 2014 22:18:17 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 390/601] =?UTF-8?q?[=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90]2?= =?UTF-8?q?0140530=20Fix=20'Cannot=20Add=20PPA'=20Er...x=20Mint.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...A' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md | 35 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 35 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/tech/20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md diff --git a/translated/tech/20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md b/translated/tech/20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..25f8effe09 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +修复Ubuntu 14.04和Linux Mint中无法添加PPA源的错误 +================================================================================ +![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/PPA_Error_Ubuntu.jpeg) + +一名It’s FOSS的普通读者Chetan Jain今天联系了我，并询问道：我要怎样修复Ubuntu 14.04中无法添加PPA源的错误。Chetan在尝试安装[TLP (一个用于减少过热发生的电源管理工具)][1]的时候遇到了这个错误： + + chetan@Inspiron-3521:~$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:linrunner/tlp + Cannot add PPA: ‘ppa:linrunner/tlp’. + Please check that the PPA name or format is correct. + +如果你在Ubuntu或Mint上添加PPA源时遇到了类似的情况，别担心。这是PPA源的一个常见情况（一般很少发生）之一，很容易就能够得到解决。 + +### 修复Ubuntu 14.04和Linux Mint中无法添加PPA源的错误 ### + +发生这种错误主要有两种原因。一种是您电脑中的CA证书已经损坏，或者是您的网络设置了一个代理。 + +首先让我们重新安装一下CA证书： + + sudo apt-get install --reinstall ca-certificates + +如果上面的命令不起作用，可能是网络使用了一个代理设置。要略过代理设置，使用sudo命令并加上参数E，就像下面这样： + + sudo -E add-apt-repository ppa:linrunner/tlp + +这样PPA源应该就能正常工作了。Chetan的情况通过第二种方法解决了。我希望这个快速指南同样能够帮助您摆脱PPA源错误。欢迎您提出任何问题或是建议来帮助我们改进。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://itsfoss.com/fix-add-ppa-error-ubuntu-1404-linux-mint/ + +译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://itsfoss.com/solve-overheating-issue-battery-life-ubuntu-1304/ From 76735f5601b0e020ae1673217f88ff0981945441 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Sun, 1 Jun 2014 08:11:10 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 391/601] Update 20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md --- ...30 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md b/sources/tech/20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md index fa439287bd..67f4d6de72 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +Translating by GOLinux... Linux script command - A recorder inside your Terminal ================================================================================ When you are working on the terminal or console, you may want to record what you have done in the terminal. The recording can be used as a documentation about what happen in terminal. Let say you are working together with some Linux Administrators at the same time. Or you let someone to remote your server. You may want to record about what happen in the terminal. To do this, you can use script command. @@ -82,4 +83,4 @@ via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/script-command-recorder/ 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 5c55c332e6e46be043d002101f34cd0add734005 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Sun, 1 Jun 2014 09:05:14 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 392/601] Translated:20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md --- ...ommand--A recorder inside your Terminal.md | 85 ------------------- ...ommand--A recorder inside your Terminal.md | 83 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 83 insertions(+), 85 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md b/sources/tech/20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md deleted file mode 100644 index fa439287bd..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,85 +0,0 @@ -Linux script command - A recorder inside your Terminal -================================================================================ -When you are working on the terminal or console, you may want to record what you have done in the terminal. The recording can be used as a documentation about what happen in terminal. Let say you are working together with some Linux Administrators at the same time. Or you let someone to remote your server. You may want to record about what happen in the terminal. To do this, you can use script command. - -### What is script ### - -script is a command that make a typescript that printed in the terminal. It is useful for everyone who need a hardcopy record of the session that happened in the terminal. This record can be saved and printed out later. - -### How to use it ### - -By default, we can start script with typing script on the terminal. - - pungki@dev-machine:~$ script - Script started, file is typescript - pungki@dev-machine:~$ - -You can also define a destination filename to write the result of typescript. - - pungki@dev-machine:~$ script myfile - -![Define script file](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/start_script.png) - -When you received a command prompt again, it means the terminal will record anything that is printed in terminal. - -You will see in the current directory, there is a file named typescript. - -### Why we use script command ### - -As we mention before, script has main function to record everything. Here’s two samples of scenarios why we are using it. - -#### Collaborate with colleague #### - -When working together with your colleague, we can record your activity with script. -Let say we will use a typescript file called **collaborate**. To do that type : - - $ script collaborate - -![Create collaborate file](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/collaborate.png) - -Then after doing some tasks, let say you need to send your work to another engineer. Just send the file. So when the other engineer need to review what was done, he can just open the file using a text editor. - -If he want to update the file, he can use **-a** option. - - $ script -a collaborate - -![Append the file](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/collaborate_append.png) - -#### Record someone activity in the terminal #### - -You may let your engineer or someone to enter your system remotely. To make sure that your engineer are doing right, you can record what he had done to your system. To make the script command run automatically upon login, we can add it on your shell profile. If you are using **bash** shell, add this line into your bash profile. - - $ vi ~/.profile - - # run the script command to record everything - # use -q for quite and -a option to append the script - # - /usr/bin/script -qa /usr/local/script/log_record_script - -![Add script to bash profile](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/script_login.png) - -Then save it. Next time he logged in to your system, script command will automatically run and put the log on the **/usr/local/script/log_record_script** - -![Script without notification](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/remote_script_quite.png) - -The option **-q** will run script command in quite mode. The user who logged in will not have any notification that the script command is run. While **-a** option will add the record without erasing the previous record. - -If we don’t use **-q** option, then when the user logged on, the user will get a notification about script as the picture below. - -![Script with notification](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/remote_script.png) - -### Quit recording ### - -To exit the record activity, we can press **Ctrl+D** button or type **exit** from the terminal. Before you exit from script, you will find the size of the record file is 0 Kb. After you exit from script, the file size will change. - -### Conclusion ### - -Script command may useful when you need to record or documenting what happen in the terminal. The record file will be stored as a text file, so it will easy to open it with any text editor. As usual, we can always type **man script** or **script -h** to display its manual page and explore it more detail. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/script-command-recorder/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/tech/20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md b/translated/tech/20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a5d741a48a --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +Linux script命令—— 终端里的记录器 +================================================================================ +当你在终端或者控制台工作时，你可能想要记录在终端中所做的一切。这些记录可以用来当作史料，保存终端所发生的一切。比如说，你和一些Linux管理员们同时管理着相同的机器，或者你让某人远程登陆到了你的服务器上，你可能想要终端里发生的一切。要实现这个目标，你可以使用script命令。 + +### script是什么 ### + +scirpt就是一个命令，可以把打字稿打印到终端。对于那些想要记录终端会话的硬拷贝的人来说，这很有用。该记录可以保存并在以后再打印出来。 + +### 怎么用 ### + +默认情况下，我们可以通过在终端中输入script来启动scirpt命令。 + + pungki@dev-machine:~$ script + Script started, file is typescript + pungki@dev-machine:~$ + +你也可以指定目标文件名来记录打印结果。 + + pungki@dev-machine:~$ script myfile + +![Define script file](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/start_script.png) + +当你再次见到命令提示符，这意味着终端将记录打印到终端的任何东西。 +你会看到当前目录，有个名为typescript的文件。 + +### 为什么我们要用script命令 ### + +因为在之前已经提到过，script命令的主要功能是记录所有的东西。下面给出了两个使用该命令的环境。 + +#### 和同事共事时 #### + +当和同事一起工作时，我们可以通过script来记录大家的活动。 +比如，我们会使用名为**collaborate**的打印文件，来完成打印： + + $ script collaborate + +![Create collaborate file](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/collaborate.png) + +然后，在完成一些任务后，试想一下你需要把你干的活发给另外一个工程师，那就把那文件发给他。所以当另外一个工程师需要复查所做的事情，他只要用文本编辑器打开这个文件就行了。 +如果他想要更新该文件，可以使用**-a**选项。 + + $ script -a collaborate + +![Append the file](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/collaborate_append.png) + +#### 记录某人在终端中的所作所为 #### + +你可能让你的工程师或者某个人远程访问你的系统，要确保你的工程师正在干正确的事，你可以记录下他在你系统上的所作所为。要让script命令在登录时自动运行，我们可以把它添加进shell环境配置文件中。如果你正在使用**bash** shell，把这一行加进你的bash环境配置文件中。 + + $ vi ~/.profile + + # run the script command to record everything + # use -q for quite and -a option to append the script + # + /usr/bin/script -qa /usr/local/script/log_record_script + +![Add script to bash profile](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/script_login.png) + +然后保存。下次他登录进你的系统时，script命令就会自动运行，并把日志记录进**/usr/local/script/log_record_script**。 + +![Script without notification](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/remote_script_quite.png) + +**-q**选项可以让scirpt命令以静默模式运行，登录进来的用户不会知道script命令已经运行了。而**-a**选项将会让记录附加到文件中，而不会擦除先前的记录。 + +如果不使用**-q**选项，那么当用户登录进来时，他会收到像下图中这样的通知。 + +![Script with notification](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/remote_script.png) + +### 退出记录 ### + +要退出记录活动，我们可以在终端中按下**Ctrl+D**，或者输入**exit**。在退出script前，你会发现记录文件的大小为0 Kb，而在退出之后，文件大小会发生改变。 + +### 结尾 ### + +Script命令在你需要记录或者存档终端活动时可能很有用，记录文件会存储为文本文件，所以可以很方便地用文本编辑器打开。跟平常一样，我们都可以通过输入**man script**或者**scirpt -h**来显示帮助页并查看更多详细用法。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/script-command-recorder/ + +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 574a8c5ed723d4f401a2952c4c4a313e25e206ae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: linuhap Date: Sun, 1 Jun 2014 09:34:42 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 393/601] translating --- ...9 Why No Flash Support for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/20140529 Why No Flash Support for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md b/sources/talk/20140529 Why No Flash Support for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md index d43ed3a950..975f168e40 100644 --- a/sources/talk/20140529 Why No Flash Support for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md +++ b/sources/talk/20140529 Why No Flash Support for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +linuhap翻译中 Why No Flash Support for Linux Is Good for Open Source ================================================================================ > The upcoming end of support for Adobe Flash in the open source Chromium browser for Linux is actually a good thing for the Linux world. @@ -28,4 +29,4 @@ via: http://thevarguy.com/open-source-application-software-companies/052814/why- [2]:https://www.google.com/intl/en-US/chrome/browser/ [3]:http://www.techrepublic.com/article/browsers-will-flash-linux-into-the-future-or-drag-it-into-the-past/#. [4]:http://www.techrepublic.com/article/browsers-will-flash-linux-into-the-future-or-drag-it-into-the-past/#. -[5]:http://www.itworld.com/open-source/420319/adobe-flash-critical-future-linux \ No newline at end of file +[5]:http://www.itworld.com/open-source/420319/adobe-flash-critical-future-linux From 4c21e18fe8e53b3a27190f8265e165e16422908f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Sun, 1 Jun 2014 09:36:21 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 394/601] Translated:20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md --- ...ommand--A recorder inside your Terminal.md | 86 ------------------- 1 file changed, 86 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md b/sources/tech/20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md deleted file mode 100644 index 67f4d6de72..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,86 +0,0 @@ -Translating by GOLinux... -Linux script command - A recorder inside your Terminal -================================================================================ -When you are working on the terminal or console, you may want to record what you have done in the terminal. The recording can be used as a documentation about what happen in terminal. Let say you are working together with some Linux Administrators at the same time. Or you let someone to remote your server. You may want to record about what happen in the terminal. To do this, you can use script command. - -### What is script ### - -script is a command that make a typescript that printed in the terminal. It is useful for everyone who need a hardcopy record of the session that happened in the terminal. This record can be saved and printed out later. - -### How to use it ### - -By default, we can start script with typing script on the terminal. - - pungki@dev-machine:~$ script - Script started, file is typescript - pungki@dev-machine:~$ - -You can also define a destination filename to write the result of typescript. - - pungki@dev-machine:~$ script myfile - -![Define script file](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/start_script.png) - -When you received a command prompt again, it means the terminal will record anything that is printed in terminal. - -You will see in the current directory, there is a file named typescript. - -### Why we use script command ### - -As we mention before, script has main function to record everything. Here’s two samples of scenarios why we are using it. - -#### Collaborate with colleague #### - -When working together with your colleague, we can record your activity with script. -Let say we will use a typescript file called **collaborate**. To do that type : - - $ script collaborate - -![Create collaborate file](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/collaborate.png) - -Then after doing some tasks, let say you need to send your work to another engineer. Just send the file. So when the other engineer need to review what was done, he can just open the file using a text editor. - -If he want to update the file, he can use **-a** option. - - $ script -a collaborate - -![Append the file](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/collaborate_append.png) - -#### Record someone activity in the terminal #### - -You may let your engineer or someone to enter your system remotely. To make sure that your engineer are doing right, you can record what he had done to your system. To make the script command run automatically upon login, we can add it on your shell profile. If you are using **bash** shell, add this line into your bash profile. - - $ vi ~/.profile - - # run the script command to record everything - # use -q for quite and -a option to append the script - # - /usr/bin/script -qa /usr/local/script/log_record_script - -![Add script to bash profile](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/script_login.png) - -Then save it. Next time he logged in to your system, script command will automatically run and put the log on the **/usr/local/script/log_record_script** - -![Script without notification](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/remote_script_quite.png) - -The option **-q** will run script command in quite mode. The user who logged in will not have any notification that the script command is run. While **-a** option will add the record without erasing the previous record. - -If we don’t use **-q** option, then when the user logged on, the user will get a notification about script as the picture below. - -![Script with notification](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/remote_script.png) - -### Quit recording ### - -To exit the record activity, we can press **Ctrl+D** button or type **exit** from the terminal. Before you exit from script, you will find the size of the record file is 0 Kb. After you exit from script, the file size will change. - -### Conclusion ### - -Script command may useful when you need to record or documenting what happen in the terminal. The record file will be stored as a text file, so it will easy to open it with any text editor. As usual, we can always type **man script** or **script -h** to display its manual page and explore it more detail. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/script-command-recorder/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 09dd80e8eb79a617db5a8c0cf681965df40e65da Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Vic___ Date: Sun, 1 Jun 2014 14:10:21 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 395/601] translated and moved --- .../tech/How to use LVM in Linux.md | 111 +++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 57 insertions(+), 54 deletions(-) rename {sources => translated}/tech/How to use LVM in Linux.md (53%) diff --git a/sources/tech/How to use LVM in Linux.md b/translated/tech/How to use LVM in Linux.md similarity index 53% rename from sources/tech/How to use LVM in Linux.md rename to translated/tech/How to use LVM in Linux.md index 859b2867c9..1b92c0dabb 100644 --- a/sources/tech/How to use LVM in Linux.md +++ b/translated/tech/How to use LVM in Linux.md @@ -1,22 +1,20 @@ -Vic020 在被关，我就急 - -How to use LVM in Linux +Linux LVM简明教程 ================================================================================ -Logical Volume Manager (LVM) is a versatile disk management system that can easily be used in Linux or similar operating systems. Traditional partitions are created in fixed sizes, and resizing them is a tedious process. On the other hand, LVM creates and manages "logical" volumes off of physical hard disks, and provides administrators the flexibility to extend and shrink logical volumes easily on demand without damaging stored data. Additional hard disks can be added to LVM at will, further increasing existing logical volumes. LVM does not need reboot as long as the kernel is aware of the existence of a partition. +LVM是一个多才多艺的硬盘系统工具。无论在Linux或者其他相似的系统，都是非常的好用。传统分区使用固定大小分区，重新分区十分麻烦。但是，LVM创建和管理从硬盘中分出来的“逻辑”卷，提供管理员弹性管理逻辑卷的扩大缩小，操作简单，还不损坏已存储的数据。附加硬盘可以随意增加到LVM，而且可以直接增加已经存在的逻辑卷。LVM不需要重启而只要内核知道分区的存在。 -LVM uses a hierarchical structure as it can be seen in the following diagram. +LVM使用分层结构，如下图所示。 ![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2910/14127487464_96b24a906b_z.jpg) -At the top, we have physical volumes. One or more physical volumes are used to create a volume group. Logical volumes are then created from these volume groups. As long as there is space available in the volume group, we can create logical volumes from the volume group. File system is created on these logical volumes, which are then mounted and accessible in the operating system. +图中顶层，首先是实际的物理卷。下一层，一个或多个物理卷可以用来创建卷组。再下一层，然后逻辑卷的创建基于卷组。只要在卷组中有可用空间，就可以随心所欲的创建逻辑卷。最下面层，文件系统的分区就是从逻辑卷上创建，然后可以在操作系统挂载和访问。 -### LVM Test Scenario ### +### LVM测试说明 ### -This tutorial will describe **how to use LVM to create and manage LVM volumes in Linux**. The tutorial will be divided into two parts. In the first part, we will create several logical volumes on one hard disk, and mount them in /lvm-mount directory. We will then resize the created volumes. In the second part, we will add additional volumes created from a second hard disk to LVM. +本文将介绍**怎么在linux中创建和管理LVM卷**。我们将会分成两个部分。第一个部分，我们首要要在一个硬盘上创建多个逻辑卷，然后将它们挂载在/lvm-mount目录。然后我们将要对创建好的卷调整大小。而第二部分，我们将会从另外一块硬盘增加额外的卷到LVM中。 -### Preparing Disk Partitions ### +### 准备磁盘分区 ### -Disk partitions are created using fdisk. We will create three partitions of 1 GB each, though identical sized partitions are not mandatory. Also, the partitions are created as type '8e' to make them compatible with LVM. +通过使用fdisk，创建磁盘分区。我们需要创建3个1G分区，注意，相同大小的分区不是强制的。同样，分区需要使用‘8e’类型来使他们兼容LVM。 # fdisk /dev/sdb @@ -37,7 +35,7 @@ Disk partitions are created using fdisk. We will create three partitions of 1 GB Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e ## code for LVM Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM) -We repeat the same steps to create two other partitions. After the partitions are created, we should get an output similar to this: +重复上面的操作来创建其他两个分区。分区创建完成后，我们应该有类似如下的输出： # fdisk -l @@ -48,15 +46,15 @@ We repeat the same steps to create two other partitions. After the partitions ar /dev/sdb2 133 264 1060290 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb3 265 396 1060290 8e Linux LVM -### Preparing Physical Volumes ### +### 准备物理卷 ### -The newly created partitions are used to store physical volumes. LVM can work with different sized physical volumes. +刚创建的分区是用来储存物理卷的。LVM可以在不同大小的物理卷上工作。 # pvcreate /dev/sdb1 # pvcreate /dev/sdb2 # pvcreate /dev/sdb3 -Physical volumes can be verified using the following command. The following section contains partial output. "/dev/sdb2" is a new physical volume of "1.01 GiB". +使用下列命令检查物理卷已经创建。下面截取部分输出。"/dev/sdb2"是一个新的"1.01 GiB"物理卷。 # pvdisplay @@ -73,17 +71,18 @@ Physical volumes can be verified using the following command. The following sect Allocated PE 0 PV UUID jszvzz-ENA2-g5Pd-irhV-T9wi-ZfA3-0xo092 -Physical volumes can be deleted using the following command. +使用下列命令可以删除物理卷。 # pvremove /dev/sdb1 -### Preparing Volume Groups ### +### 准备卷组 ### -The following command creates a volume group named 'volume-group1' by using the physical volumes /dev/sdb1, /dev/sdb2 and /dev/sdb3. + +下列命令用来创建名为'volume-group1'的卷组，使用/dev/sdb1, /dev/sdb2 和 /dev/sdb3创建。 # vgcreate volume-group1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdb3 -Volume groups can be verified using the following command. +使用下列命令可以来验证卷组。 # vgdisplay @@ -110,19 +109,20 @@ Volume groups can be verified using the following command. Free PE / Size 774 / 3.02 GiB VG UUID bwd2pS-fkAz-lGVZ-qc7C-TaKv-fFUC-IzGNBK -We can view used/total size of the volume group from the output. Logical volumes take the space of the volume group. As long as there is free space available in the volume group, we can create logical volumes. -Volume groups can be deleted using the following command. +从输出中，我们可以看见卷组的使用量/总量。物理卷给卷组提供空间。只要在这个卷组中还有可用空间，我们就可以随意创建逻辑卷。 + +使用下列命令删除卷组。 # vgremove volume-group1 -### Creating Logical Volumes ### +### 创建逻辑卷 ### -The following command creates a logical volume named 'lv1' of size 100MB. We are using small sized partitions to reduce processing time. The logical volume will take its space from the volume group defined earlier. +下列命令创建一个名为'1v1'、大小为100MB的逻辑卷。我们使用小分区减少执行时间。逻辑卷使用之前创建的卷组的空间。 # lvcreate -L 100M -n lv1 volume-group1 -Logical volumes can be verified using the command lvdisplay. +逻辑卷使用lvdisplay命令查看。 # lvdisplay @@ -143,42 +143,43 @@ Logical volumes can be verified using the command lvdisplay. - currently set to 256 Block device 253:2 -Now that the logical volume is ready, we can format and mount the logical volume like any other ext2/3/4 partition. +现在逻辑卷已经准备好了，我们可以格式化和挂载逻辑卷，就像ext2/3/4分区一样！ # mkfs.ext4 /dev/volume-group1/lv1 # mkdir /lvm-mount # mount /dev/volume-group1/lv1 /lvm-mount/ -Once the logical volume is mounted, we can access it by reading/writing to the mount point /lvm-mount/. To create and mount additional logical volumes, we can repeat this process. +一旦逻辑卷挂载，我们就可以到挂载点/lvm-mount/读取/写入了。为了创建和挂载额外的逻辑卷，我们重复这个过程。 -Finally, we can delete any logical volume with lvremove. +最后，使用lvremove我们可以删除逻辑卷。 # umount /lvm-mount/ # lvremove /dev/volume-group1/lv1 -### Expanding an LVM Volume ### +### 扩展一个LVM卷 ### -The ability to resize a logical volume is the best part about using LVM. This section will discuss how we can expand an existing logical volume. We will be expanding the previously created logical volume 'lv1' to 200 MB. +调整逻辑卷大小的功能是LVM最好的部分。这个章节会讨论我们怎么样扩展一个存在的逻辑卷。接下来，我们将会扩展先前创建的逻辑卷‘lv1’扩大到200MB。 -Note that after resizing a logical volume, we also need to resize the file system to match. This extra step varies depending on which file system is created in the volume. In this tutorial, we created ext4 file system on 'lv1', so the instruction here focused on ext4 file system (it is compatible with ext2/3 file system as well). The sequence of the commands is important. +注意，调整逻辑卷大小之后，也需要对文件系统调整大小进行匹配。有个额外的步骤各不相同,这取决于创建文件系统的类型。在本文中，我们使用'lv1'创建了ext4类型的文件系统，所以这里的操作是针对ext4文件系统的。（它也兼容ext2/3文件系统）。命令的执行顺序是很重要的。 -First, we unmount the volume. +首先，我们卸载掉lv1卷 # umount /lvm-mount/ -Then, the size of the volume is set to be 200M. +然后，设置卷的大小为200M # lvresize -L 200M /dev/volume-group1/lv1 -Next, the disk is checked for errors. +接下来，检查磁盘错误 # e2fsck -f /dev/volume-group1/lv1 -After that, the ext4 information is updated. +完成以后，ext4信息已经更新。 # resize2fs /dev/volume-group1/lv1 -The logical volume should be extended to 200 MB by now. We can verify it by checking the LV status. +现在，这个逻辑卷应该已经扩展到200MB了。我们检查LV的状态来验证。 + # lvdisplay @@ -199,27 +200,28 @@ The logical volume should be extended to 200 MB by now. We can verify it by chec - currently set to 256 Block device 253:2 -Now the logical volume can be mounted again, and be used just like any partition. +现在，这个逻辑卷可以再次挂载，同样这个方法使用其他分区。 -### Shrinking an LVM Volume ### +### 缩减一个LVM卷 ### -This section will cover the method of reducing the size of an LVM. The sequence of the commands is important. Again, this instruction is valid for ext2/3/4 file system. +这章节介绍缩减LVM卷大小的方法。命令的顺序同样重要。并且，下列命令对ext2/3/4文件系统同样有效。 -Note that reducing the size of the logical volume to a value less than stored data will end in loss of data. -First, the volume is unmounted. +注意减少逻辑卷的大小值若小于储存的数据大小，会出现数据丢失。 + +首先，卸载掉卷。 # umount /dev/volume-group1/lv1 -Then, the volume is checked for errors. +然后，检测磁盘错误。 # e2fsck -f /dev/volume-group1/lv1 -Next, the ext4 information is updated. +接下来，更新ext4信息。 # resize2fs /dev/volume-group1/lv1 100M -After that, the logical volume is reduced. +完成以后，减少逻辑卷大小 # lvresize -L 100M /dev/volume-group1/lv1 @@ -229,7 +231,7 @@ After that, the logical volume is reduced. > Reducing logical volume lv1 to 100.00 MiB > Logical volume lv1 successfully resized -Finally, the updated size of the logical volume is verified. +最后，验证调整后的逻辑卷大小。 # lvdisplay @@ -250,11 +252,12 @@ Finally, the updated size of the logical volume is verified. - currently set to 256 Block device 253:2 -### Expanding a Volume Group ### +### 扩展一个卷组 ### -This section will cover the method of expanding a volume group by adding a new physical volume to the volume group. Let us assume that our volume group 'volume-group1' is full, and needs to be expanded. Our current hard disk (sdb) does not have any spare partitions, and we have added another hard disk (sdc). We will see how we can expand the volume group by adding a partition from sdc. +本节将讨论扩展卷组的方法，将一个物理卷添加到卷组。让我们假设我们的卷组'volume-group1'已经满了，需要扩大。收上的硬盘（sdb）已经没有其他空闲分区，我们添加了另外一个硬盘（sdc）。我们将看到如何从sdc扩展一个卷组，并增加一个分区。 -To check the current state of VG. + +检测现在卷组状态 # vgdisplay volume-group1 @@ -281,7 +284,7 @@ To check the current state of VG. Free PE / Size 749 / 2.93 GiB VG UUID bwd2pS-fkAz-lGVZ-qc7C-TaKv-fFUC-IzGNBK -First, we create a 2 GB partition sdc1 of type LVM (8e) as explained earlier in the tutorial. +首先，我们创建一个2GB分区sdc1，类型为LVM（8e），如教程前所述。 # fdisk /dev/sdc @@ -305,15 +308,15 @@ First, we create a 2 GB partition sdc1 of type LVM (8e) as explained earlier in Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! -Then, we create a physical volume /dev/sdc1. +然后，我们创建一个物理卷 /dev/sdc1 # pvcreate /dev/sdc1 -Now that the physical volume is ready, we can simply add it to the existing volume group 'volume-group1'. +现在，物理卷已经准备好了，我们可以简单地将它增加到已存在的卷组'volume-group1'上。 # vgextend volume-group1 /dev/sdc1 -We can verify it using vgdisplay. +使用vgdisplay来验证。 # vgdisplay @@ -340,16 +343,16 @@ We can verify it using vgdisplay. Free PE / Size 1262 / 4.93 GiB VG UUID bwd2pS-fkAz-lGVZ-qc7C-TaKv-fFUC-IzGNBK -Note that although we have used a separate disk for demonstration, any disk of type '8e' can be used for expanding a volume group. +注意，尽管我们使用一个单独的磁盘做示范，其实只要是‘8e’类型的磁盘都可以用来扩展卷组。 -To sum up, LVM is a very powerful tool for creating and managing resizable partitions. In this tutorial, we have seen how dynamic partitions can be created and used using LVM. We have also seen the method of expanding/reducing the logical volumes and volume groups, and adding new hard disks to LVM. +总结一下，LVM是一个非常给力的工具，用来创建和管理可变大小的分区。本文中，我们已经看见了动态分区如何在LVM中创建和使用。我们也看见了扩展/缩小逻辑卷和卷组的方法，和如何增加一个新的磁盘到LVM。 -Hope this helps. +希望对你有帮助。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/use-lvm-linux.html -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[Vic___](http://www.vicyu.net) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From dc8ffe550dd2751aa055b91aa81ae08ca57323b5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: recNeps Date: Sun, 1 Jun 2014 15:29:21 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 396/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90by?= =?UTF-8?q?=20CNprober.?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md | 140 ------------------ 1 file changed, 140 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/talk/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md diff --git a/sources/talk/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md b/sources/talk/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md deleted file mode 100644 index 68639168c3..0000000000 --- a/sources/talk/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,140 +0,0 @@ -CNprober 翻译中 - -A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution -================================================================================ -![](http://www.linuxfederation.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/linux-evolution.jpg) - -Linux is Everywhere, at home, offices, colleges, labs and space stations. But it was not the dominant force in the past it is now, it all started as a hobby by a Finish student. Linux has evolved from a hobby into a computing revolution. We present you with the most complete historical timeline of Linux Evolution on the web spanning over 23 years. - -### 1991 ### - -**25 August** : The 21 year old Finnish student Linus Benedict Torvalds announced his work on a free operating system in the comp.os.minix Usenet newsgroup. - -**1 September** : Linux 0.01 was released on the net. - -### 1992 ### - -**5 January** : The Linux kernel was relicensed under the GNU GPL with the [v0.12 release][1]. The initial license forbade commercial use. After the change the distribution and sale of possibly modified and unmodified versions of Linux became possible, provided that all those copies be released under the same license and be accompanied by the complete corresponding source code. In a [later interview][2] Linus made the following statement about the license change: - - " Making Linux GPL’d was definitely the best thing I ever did." - -**29 January** : Andrew S. Tanenbaum posted [LINUX is obsolete][3] to the comp.os.minix mailing list. The debate, which is considered a flame war by some people, was about Linux and kernel architecture in general. Tanenbaum argued that microkernels are superior to monolithic kernels and that therefore Linux is obsolete. - -**5 April** : The first Linux newsgroup, comp.os.linux, is proposed and started by Ari Lemmke. - -**21 May** : Peter MacDonald announces SLS, the first standalone Linux install. It was installable by floppy disk and included such cutting-edge features as TCP-IP networking support and the X Window System. At least 10MB of space on disk was recommended. - -### 1993 ### - -**17 June** : Slackware was released by Patrick Volkerding. [Slackware][4] is considered to be the first broadly successful Linux distribution and is still in use today. - -**16 August** : Ian Murdock (the ian in Debian) released the 1st version of the Debian Linux distribution. Debian is one of the most influential Linux distros, being the basis of MEPIS, Mint, Ubuntu and many others. - -**19 August** : Matt Welsh’s Linux Installation and Getting Started, version 1 is released. This is the first book on Linux. - -### 1994 ### - -**14 March** : [Version 1.0 of the Linux kernel][5] was released. It supported single-processor i386-based computer systems. Within the 3 years of its existence the kernel code base had grown to 176,250 lines of code. - -**26 March** : The first issue of Linux Journal is published. This issue featured an interview with Linus Torvalds and articles written by Phil Hughes, Robert “Bob” Young, Michael K. Johnson, Arnold Robbins, Matt Welsh, Ian A. - -**15 August** : William R. Della Croce, Jr. files for the trademark “Linux” and it is registered in September. Della Croce has no known involvement in the Linux community yet sends letters out to prominent Linux companies demanding money for use of the trademark “Linux”. In 1997 the matter was settled by the assignment of the mark to Linus Torvalds on behalf of all Petitioners and Linux users. - -**3 November** : Red Hat co-founder Marc Ewing announced the availability of the Red Hat Software Linux on CD-ROM, a commercial product that shipped for a retail price of $49.95 and included 30 days of installation support. Red Hat became the [first $1 billion open source company][6] in 2012. - -### 1995 ### - -**4 April** : Linux Expo, the first Linux-specific tradeshow and conference series, launches and becomes the most popular and well-attended annual Linux show for the next several years. The price for entry into the exhibit hall and a pass to the conferences was $4. After three years Red Hat takes over organization and becomes the major sponsor. - -### 1996 ### - -**9 May** : The Tux mascot was created by Larry Ewing in 1996 after an initial suggestion made by Alan Cox and further refined by Linus Torvalds on the Linux kernel mailing list. The concept of the Linux mascot being a penguin came from Linus Torvalds, who claims to have contracted penguinitis after being gently nibbled by a penguin. - -**9 June** : [Version 2.0 of the Linux Kernel][7] was released. It was a significant improvement over the earlier versions being the first stable kernel to support multiple processors in a single system (SMP) and more processor types. Linux becomes a serious alternative for many companies. You can read an in advance [review of Linux Version 2.0][8] that was published in August 1996 in the Linux Journal to learn more about the improvements. - -**14 October** : Matthias Ettrich founded the KDE project in 1996 as he was troubled by the inconsistency of applications running on the Unix desktop. - -### 1997 ### - -**9 January** : Bliss, first “Linux Virus” was discovered. Bliss does not circumvent the security of the system, it relies on people with privilege to do something dumb and reminds users to install digitally signed software from trustworthy sites only and to check signatures before installing. - -“In fact it’s probably easier to write a virus for Linux because it’s open source and the code is available. So we will be seeing more Linux viruses as the OS becomes more common and popular.” —Wishful thinking from McAfee. - -### 1998 ### - -**1 May** : The Google search engine was launched. Not only is it one of the best search engines around, but it’s based on Linux and features a Linux-specific search page. - -**4 December** : A report from IDC says that Linux shipments rose by more than 200% in 1998, and its market share rose by more than 150%. Linux has a 17% market share and a growth rate unmatched by any other system on the market. - -### 1999 ### - -**9 February** : Linux and BSD users unite for “Windows Refund Day”. They visit Microsoft, hoping to return the unused Windows licenses that they were forced to acquire when they purchased a computer system bundled with the OS. - -**3 March** : Another influential desktop environment arrives in the Linux World, [the GNOME desktop][9]. GNOME is the default desktop environment in several major Linux distributions like Debian, Fedora, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop. - -### 2000 ### - -**4 February** : The latest IDC report suggests that Linux now ranks as the “second-most-popular operating system for server computers”, with 25% of the server operating system sales in 1999. Windows NT is first with 38% and NetWare ranks third with 19%. - -**11 March** : Motorola Computer Group announces the release of its HA Linux distribution. This distribution is aimed at telecommunications applications that require very high amounts of uptime; it includes hot-swap capability and is available for the i386 and PowerPC architectures. - -**23 March** : Ericsson announces its “Screen Phone HS210” product—a Linux-based telephone with a touchscreen that can be used for e-mail, web browsing, etc. Ericsson and Opera Software also announce that Ericsson’s (Linux-based) HS210 Screen Phone will incorporate the Opera web browser. - -**30 September** : Knoppix was one of the first Linux live distributions when initially released by Linux consultant Klaus Knopper. - -### 2001 ### - -**3 January** : The US National Security Agency (NSA) releases SELinux under the GPL. SELinux offers an additional layer of security checks in addition to the standard UNIX-like permissions system. - -### 2003 ### - -**6 March** : The SCO Group (SCO) announced that they were suing IBM for $1 billion, claiming that IBM transferred SCO trade secrets into Linux. Later SCO began numerous legal claims and threats against many of the major names in the computer industry, including HP, Microsoft, Novell, Silicon Graphics, Sun Microsystems and Red Hat. The jury case was decided on 30 March 2010 in Novell’s favour - -### 2004 ### - -**20 October** : [Ubuntu][10] came into life with the unusual version number 4.10, referring to its release date in October 2004 and the odd code name Warty Warthog. Ubuntu’s development is led by Canonical Ltd., a company owned by Mark Shuttleworth. While not being a major contributor to the kernel, Ubuntu plays an important part in the adoption of Linux on desktops and laptops. - -### 2007 ### - -**6 June** : ASUS announced two Eee PC models at Computex Taipei 2007: the 701 and 1001. The 1st Eee PCs came pre-installed with Xandros Linux, a lightweigt distribution optimized for small displays based on Debian. - -**8 August** : Linux Foundation was founded in 2007 by the merger of the [Open Source Development Labs][11] (OSDL) and the [Free Standards Group][12] (FSG). The Linux Foundation sponsors the work of Linux creator Linus Torvalds and is supported by leading Linux and open source companies, including prominent technology corporations such as Fujitsu, HP,IBM, Intel, NEC, Oracle, Qualcomm, Samsungand developers from around the world. - -**5 November** : Instead of announcing a Gphone as speculated beforehand, [Google announced][13] the Open Handset Alliance and [Android][14] calling it "the first truly open and comprehensive platform for mobile devices". - -### 2009 ### - -**29 January** : In January 2009 the New York Times stated: “More than 10 million people are estimated to run Ubuntu today”. - -### 2011 ### - -**11 May** : Google announced the Chromebook at the Google I/O conference 2011. Chromebooks are laptops running the so-called cloud operating system Chrome OS, that is based on the Linux kernel. - -**21 June** : Linus Torvalds announces the release of Linux 3.0. - -### 2013 ### - -**13 December** : Valve Corporation announces its Linux-based operating system SteamOS for video game consoles. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.linuxfederation.com/complete-historical-timeline-linux-evolution/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/Historic/old-versions/RELNOTES-0.12 -[2]:http://j.mp/fs-pragmatist -[3]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanenbaum%E2%80%93Torvalds_debate -[4]:http://www.slackware.com/ -[5]:https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v1.0/ -[6]:http://www.informationweek.com/software/operating-systems/red-hat-first-$1-billion-open-source-company/d/d-id/1103616 -[7]:https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.0/ -[8]:http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/1311 -[9]:http://www.gnome.org/ -[10]:http://www.ubuntu.com/ -[11]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Source_Development_Labs -[12]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Standards_Group -[13]:http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2007/11/wheres-my-gphone.html -[14]:http://www.android.com/ \ No newline at end of file From 805309c7ad06eb4eddbbe500b85f5e8d92af76d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: recNeps Date: Sun, 1 Jun 2014 15:42:59 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 397/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=A7=BB=E5=88=B0translated=E7=9B=AE?= =?UTF-8?q?=E5=BD=95.by=20CNprober?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md | 139 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 139 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/talk/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md diff --git a/translated/talk/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md b/translated/talk/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9460794af4 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/talk/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ +CNprober 翻译完成 + +一份完整的Linux发展年表 +================================================================================ +![](http://www.linuxfederation.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/linux-evolution.jpg) + +我们周围到处都有Linux的身影，家，公司，大学，实验室，太空空间站。但是过去它不像现在一样是计算机发展的中坚力量，它只是开始于一个芬兰大学生的业余爱好。现在的Linux已经从一个业余爱好发展成了一场计算机革命。在这篇文章里，我们向你展示最完整的Linux23年发展的历史年表。 + +### 1991 ### + +**8月25号** : 21岁的芬兰学生Linus Benedict Torvalds 在comp.os.minix 新闻组上宣布了它正在写一个免费的操作系统。 + +**9月1号** : Linux 0.01在网上发布。 + +### 1992 ### + +**1月5号** : Linux [v0.12 release][1] 版本的内核重新以GUN GPL的协议发布。原来的许可证是禁止任何商业用途的。通过这次协议变更，发布和出售修改或者未修改版的Linux变成可能，只要你将这些拷贝和完整的相应的源代码也以相同的GPL许可证发布。在后来的一次[采访][2]中,Linus对许可证的更改说了这样一句话（让Linux遵守GPL绝对是我干过的最正确的事）： + + " Making Linux GPL’d was definitely the best thing I ever did." + +**1月29号** : Andrew S. Tanenbaum向comp.os.minix邮件列表发送了一封名为[LINUX is obsolete][3]的邮件。这次被一些人认为是跑题的网络口水战的争论总的来说是关于Linux和内核架构的。Tanenbaum争辩说宏内核比微内核更加高级，所以Linux是过时的。 + +**4月5号** : 第一个Linux新闻组，comp.os.linux由Ari Lemmke提议和开通。 + +**5月21号** : Peter MacDonald 发布第一个独立的Linux安装包。可以通过软盘安装，包括比较前沿的TCP-IP网络支持和X Window视窗系统。它建议至少预留10M的磁盘空间来安装。 + +### 1993 ### + +**6月17号** : Slackware Linux由Patrick Volkerding发布。[Slackware][4]被认为是第一个取得广泛成功的Linux发行版，而且它现在还在使用。 + +**8月16号** : Ian Murdock（Debian中的'ian'）发布了第一个Debian Linux的发行版。Debian是最有影响力的Linux发行版，是MEPIS，Mint，Ubuntu和很多其他发行版的鼻祖。 + +**8月19号** : Matt Welsh写的《Linux Installation and Getting Started》第1版出版，这是第一本关于Linux的书。 + +### 1994 ### + +**3月14号** : [Linux内核V1.0][5]发布。它支持基于i386单处理器的计算机系统。这3年来，内核代码增长到了176,250行。 + +**3月26号** : 第一期《Linux Journal》杂志发行。这一期杂志的特点是记录了一次对Linus Torvalds的采访和一些Phil Hughes, Robert “Bob” Young, Michael K. Johnson, Arnold Robbins, Matt Welsh, Ian A写的文章。 + +**8月15号** : Willian R. Della Croce, Jr. 申请了“Linux”商标，9月进行了注册。Della Croce在不知道Linux社区财政窘迫的前提下，向煊赫的“Linux公司”写了一封信，要求他们为“Linux”商标使用支付费用。这次风波以将商标转让给代表所有请愿者和Linux使用者的Linus Torvalds而告终，时间是1997年。 + +**11月3号** : Red Hat的共同创始人Marc Ewing宣布可以以49.95美元的零售价格获得Red Hat Software Linux的CD-ROM和30天的安装支持。2012年Red Hat成为[第一家10亿美元的开源公司][6]。 + +### 1995 ### + +**4月4号** : 开展了第一个专门针对Linux的贸易展和会议系列，名字叫Linux Expo。这成为接下来几年中，最流行和备受关注的年度Linux盛会。贸易展和会议的入场券价格是4美元。3年后，Red Hat接管了这个展会，也是主要的赞助商。 + +### 1996 ### + +**5月9号** : 在最初Alan Cox的提议和Linus Torvalds的细化下，Larry Ewing1996年创造了现在看到的这个叫做Tux的吉祥物。选定企鹅作为Linux吉祥物的主意来自Linus Torvalds，他说自己被一只企鹅轻轻的咬了一口之后就具有了企鹅的特征。（这是要变成企鹅侠吗？估计是原作者调皮了？--译注） + +**6月9号** : [Linux内核V2.0][7]发布。相比更早的版本这是一个意义重大的提升，这是第一个在单系统中支持多处理器的稳定内核版本，也支持更多的处理器类型。Linux从此以后成了很多公司一个郑重选择的对象。你可以阅读1996年8月在Linux Journal上发布的[回顾Linux V2.0][8]文章了解更多的关于这方面的提升。 + +**10月14号** : 1996年Mattias Ettrich发起了KDE项目，因为他深受Unix桌面系统下应用程序的不一致之苦。(在此之前Unix和Linux都没有一个统一的桌面系统，编写桌面软件非常复杂--译注) + +### 1997 ### + +**1月9号** : 第一个“Linux病毒”Bliss被发现了。Bliss不危害系统的安全，他依赖于人们用特权干蠢事来感染系统，然后提醒用户只安装从可靠站点下载的可以验证数字签名的软件，并且安装之前一定要先验证签名(很多地方把这个算作第2个Linux病毒，因为之前还有一个更加“绿色”的病毒--译注)。 +“事实上，在Linux上写一个病毒可能会更加的简单，因为Linux是开源的，所有的源代码都是可以获取的。所以，随着Linux变得更加通用和流行的时候，我们将看到更多的Linux病毒。”--来自McAfee的畅想。 + +### 1998 ### + +**5月1号** : Google搜索引擎面世。它不仅仅是世界上最好的搜索引擎之一，更是基于Linux的，它的特征是有一个Linux的搜索页面。 + +**12月4号** : 一份来自IDC的报告称1998年Linux的出货量至少上升了200%，市场占有率上升至少150%。Linux的市场占有率为17%，并且以一个其他操作系统无法企及的速度增长着。 + +### 1999 ### + +**2月9号** : Linux和BSD使用者们发起了“Windows退款日”。他们联合起来造访了微软公司，希望退还他们在买电脑时绑定购买Windows许可证的钱，这些许可证他们从来没有用过。 + +**3月3号** : 另一个颇具影响力的桌面系统进入了Linux的世界，就是[GNOME桌面系统][9]。在很多主要的Linux发行版比如Debian，Fedora，RedHad Enterprise Linux和SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop中，GNOME是默认的桌面环境。 + +### 2000 ### + +**2月4号** : 最新的IDC报告表明Linux现在排在“最受欢迎的服务器操作系统的第2位”，1999年服务器系统销售量占总量的25%。Windows NT38%位列第1，NetWare19%排在第3位。 + +**3月11号** : 摩托罗拉公司宣布发行HA Linux。这个发行版专注于通信应用领域，对系统不关机连续运行时间要求非常高。它还包括了热交换能力和支持i386和PowerPC架构。 + +**3月23号** : 爱立信公布了“Screen Phone HS210”，这是一款基于Linux的触屏手机，具备邮件和网页浏览等功能。爱立信和Opera Software公司同时宣布这款手机将会安装Opera的网页浏览器。 + +**10月30号** : 第一个Linux live发行版由Linux咨询顾问Klaus Knopper发布，名字叫做Knoppix。 + +### 2001 ### + +**1月3号** : 美国NAS（美国国家安全局）以GPL许可证发布了SELinux。SELinux提供了标准Unix权限管理系统以外的另一层安全检查。 + +### 2003 ### + +**3月6号** : SCO Group公司宣布他们正在发起对IBM高达10亿美元的诉讼，他们声称IBM把SCO的商业机密整合到了Linux中。之后SCO公司发起了一系列的法律诉讼案，这威胁到了很多计算机行业的巨头包括惠普，微软，Novell，Silicon Graphics，Sun Microsystems和RedHat。这次案件在Novell公司的支持下于2010年3月30号判决完。(著名的SCO-Linux争议，SCO声称拥有System V的部分源码所有权，IBM将这部分源码整合到Linux中侵犯了SCO著作权。最后联邦法院裁定Novell才是Unix商标的合法拥有者。--译注) + +### 2004 ### + +**10月20号** : [Ubuntu][10]以一个不同寻常的版本号4.10和怪异的版本代号“Warty Warthog”（长满疙瘩的非洲疣猪）进入大家的生活。用这个版本号是因为发布日期是2004年10月。Ubuntu的开发由Cannonical Ltd公司主导，公司的创始人是Mark Shuttleworth（就是那个不到30岁的亿万富翁，钱多的不知道怎么花，只能烧钱上太空的游一圈的人--译注）。 + +### 2007 ### + +**6月6号** : 华硕在2007的台北电脑展上展出了两款“易PC”（Eee PC）：701和1001.第1批易PC预装的是Xandros Linux，这是一个基于Debian，轻量级的为适应小屏幕进行过优化的Linux发行版。 + +**8月8号** : 2007年Linux基金会由[开源发展实验室(OSDL)][11]和[自由标准组织(FSG)][12]联合成立。这个基金会目的是赞助Linux创始人Linus的工作。基金会得到了主要的Linux和开源公司，包括富士通，HP，IBM，Intel，NEC，Oracle，Qualcomm，三星和来自世界各地的开发者的支持。 + +**11月5号** : 与之前大家推测的发布Gphone不同，[Google宣布][13]组建开放手机联盟(Open Handset Alliance)和发布[Android][14]，这个被称为“第一个真正开放的综合移动设备平台”。 + +### 2009 ### + +**1月29号** : 2009年1月纽约时报称“现在预计有超过10亿人在运行Ubuntu系统”。 + +### 2011 ### + +**5月11号** : 2011年Google I/O大会发布了Chrombook。这是一款运行着所谓的云操作系统Chrome OS的笔记本。Chome OS也是基于Linux内核的。 + +**6月21号** : Linus Torvalds 发布了Linux3.0版本。 + +### 2013 ### + +**12月13号** : Valve公司发布基于Linux的StreamOS操作系统，这是一个视频游戏控制台系统。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.linuxfederation.com/complete-historical-timeline-linux-evolution/ + +译者：[love\\_daisy\\_love](https://github.com/CNprober) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/Historic/old-versions/RELNOTES-0.12 +[2]:http://j.mp/fs-pragmatist +[3]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanenbaum%E2%80%93Torvalds_debate +[4]:http://www.slackware.com/ +[5]:https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v1.0/ +[6]:http://www.informationweek.com/software/operating-systems/red-hat-first-$1-billion-open-source-company/d/d-id/1103616 +[7]:https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.0/ +[8]:http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/1311 +[9]:http://www.gnome.org/ +[10]:http://www.ubuntu.com/ +[11]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Source_Development_Labs +[12]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Standards_Group +[13]:http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2007/11/wheres-my-gphone.html +[14]:http://www.android.com/ \ No newline at end of file From 3be57cb0c119bdfe0687cc5ad128d00e96b0bb4b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Mon, 2 Jun 2014 00:01:05 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 398/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9A20140527=204?= =?UTF-8?q?MLinux=209.0=20Beta=20Is=20a=2055=20MB=20Operating=20System=20T?= =?UTF-8?q?hat=20Has=20It=20All?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @2q1w2007 ，明天发布~ --- ... a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md | 17 ++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) rename {translated/news => published}/20140527 4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md (63%) diff --git a/translated/news/20140527 4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md b/published/20140527 4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md similarity index 63% rename from translated/news/20140527 4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md rename to published/20140527 4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md index dafd893242..4b8c2b6e03 100644 --- a/translated/news/20140527 4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md +++ b/published/20140527 4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md @@ -1,23 +1,22 @@ -4MLinux 9.0 Beta 是一个55 MB的操作系统但内容丰富 +麻雀虽小五脏俱全，4MLinux现在才仅55MB ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/4MLinux-9-0-Beta-Is-a-55-MB-Operating-System-that-Has-It-All-443946-2.jpg) -**4MLinux是一个已经发展到版本9.0 Beta版的小型的Linux发行版，专注于计算机的4MS，即维护（用于系统救援的Live CD）、多媒体（像是播放DVD）、迷你服务器（使用inetd守护进程）和Mystery (Linux小游戏)。** +**4MLinux是一个已经发展到版本9.0 Beta版的小型Linux发行版，专注于计算机的4MS，即维护（用于系统救援的Live CD）、多媒体（像是播放DVD）、迷你服务器（使用inetd守护进程）和Mystery (Linux小游戏)。** 4MLinux是世界上最小的，能够为用户提供一个桌面环境和一些应用，可以日常应用的发行版。 -很多简约的Linux发行版通常从一开始就不提供这样的大量的应用程序，特别是在只有55MB大小的情况下。 +大多数mini版本的Linux发行版通常从一开始就不提供这样的大量的应用程序，特别是在只有55MB大小的情况下。 “这个版本的亮点是维护（MBR和GPT分区软件，4MLinux备份脚本9.0，ClamAV0.98.3）、多媒体（MPlayer SVN-r37146，FFmpeg Git-2014-04-10），迷你服务器（FTP，HTTP，SSH，SFTP）和Mystery（一组小游戏）。“ 开发者在博客里说:“4MLinux的X Window基于X.Org Server 1.15.1、Mesa 10.1.3,、JWM 2.2.2 和 FOX toolkit 1.6.49。4MLinux还支持全自动安装的'vanilla'版本的LibreOffice4.2.4、Java RE 7u55和VirtualBox 4.3.12。ISO映像的大小约为55 MB” -正如你所看到的，大部分提供的包都是很新的，像VirtualBox、LibreOffice、Mesa、ffmpeg、ClamAV等等。如果你有关于这个版本有任何疑问，可以随时用虚拟机尝试它。 +正如你所看到的，大部分提供的包都是很新的，如VirtualBox、LibreOffice、Mesa、ffmpeg、ClamAV等等。如果你有关于这个版本不太有信心，可以随时用虚拟机尝试它。 -有趣的是用户可以在X Server 启动前切入启动进程并使用命令行。 +有趣的是用户可以在X Server 启动前切入启动进程并使用命令行，这是一个不错的做法。 - -开发者将开始发布发行版，比如完整版、游戏版、服务器版、媒体版、救援版等等。请记住，你可以从一个非常简单的软件的帮助下，从面板选择并安装这些Linux发行版的。 +开发者在完成了主要的更新后将开始发布所有的其它分支版本，比如完整版、游戏版、服务器版、媒体版、救援版等等。请记住，你可以从一个非常简单的软件的帮助下，从主面板选择并安装这些Linux分支版。 用户还会发现，大部分你所需要的应用程序都可以在仓库找到，而4MLinux发行版可以通过下载相应的软件包来执行上面的任务。 @@ -28,13 +27,13 @@ - [4MLinux 8.2 (ISO)][2][iso] [53.90 MB] - [4MLinux 9.0 Beta (ISO)][3][iso] [53 MB] -请记住，这是一个开发版，它不应该在生产机器上安装。它的目的仅用于测试目的。 +请记住，目前9.0还是一个开发版，它不应该在生产机器上安装。它的目的仅用于测试目的。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/4MLinux-9-0-Beta-Is-a-55-MB-Operating-System-that-Has-It-All-443946.shtml -译者：[2q1w2007](https://github.com/2q1w2007) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[2q1w2007](https://github.com/2q1w2007) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From a9c9dad29ebe99b30419d4304c716ead3dd4a4ef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Mon, 2 Jun 2014 00:11:22 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 399/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9A8=20examples?= =?UTF-8?q?=20of=20findmnt=20command=20to=20check=20mounted=20file=20syste?= =?UTF-8?q?ms=20on=20Linux?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @vito-L 明天发布 --- ...indmnt command to check mounted file systems on Linux.md | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/8 examples of findmnt command to check mounted file systems on Linux.md (95%) diff --git a/translated/tech/8 examples of findmnt command to check mounted file systems on Linux.md b/published/8 examples of findmnt command to check mounted file systems on Linux.md similarity index 95% rename from translated/tech/8 examples of findmnt command to check mounted file systems on Linux.md rename to published/8 examples of findmnt command to check mounted file systems on Linux.md index 39fc2db478..5df7ae3052 100644 --- a/translated/tech/8 examples of findmnt command to check mounted file systems on Linux.md +++ b/published/8 examples of findmnt command to check mounted file systems on Linux.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ -Linux 中 findmnt 命令检查已挂载的文件系统的8个实例 +findmnt 命令的八个应用实例 ================================================================================ ### 已挂载的文件系统和设备 ### -linux 中更常用的检查已挂载的文件系统的是 mount 命令，不仅用于列出已挂载的设备，而且可以在需要的时候挂载和卸载。这有一个叫做 findmnt 的超赞命令，它可以用于快速查看挂载位置和选项。 +linux 中常用的检查已挂载的文件系统的是 mount 命令，不仅用于列出已挂载的设备，而且可以在需要的时候挂载和卸载。另外还有一个叫做 findmnt 的超赞命令，它可以用于快速查看挂载位置和选项。 ### 安装findmnt ### @@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ Findmnt 可以打印出只基于类型的特定的文件系统，例如 ext4， /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd systemd cgroup rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,name=systemd /run/user/1000/gvfs gvfsd-fuse fuse.gvfsd-fuse rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=1000,group_id=1000 -看起来非常整洁 +看起来非常整洁（译注，亲爱的读者你也这样觉得么？）。 #### 7. 通过源设备查找 #### From aff99e93bfa25b90868ee9d5324c70ce814caece Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Mon, 2 Jun 2014 06:29:49 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 400/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9ADaily=20Ubun?= =?UTF-8?q?tu=20Tips=20=E2=80=93=20Identify=20Folders=20By=20Colors=20In?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Ubuntu?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md (100%) diff --git a/translated/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md b/published/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md similarity index 100% rename from translated/tech/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md rename to published/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md From 1582d838bca5243cabe2c1074638c3070ce30719 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Mon, 2 Jun 2014 06:34:32 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 401/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9A20140530=20F?= =?UTF-8?q?ix=20'Cannot=20Add=20PPA'=20Error=20In=20Ubuntu=2014.04=20and?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Linux=20Mint?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @alim0x 发布了 --- ...x 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md (92%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md b/published/20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md similarity index 92% rename from translated/tech/20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md rename to published/20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md index 25f8effe09..c3e6160e75 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md +++ b/published/20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -修复Ubuntu 14.04和Linux Mint中无法添加PPA源的错误 +如何修复Ubuntu/Mint中无法添加PPA源的错误 ================================================================================ ![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/PPA_Error_Ubuntu.jpeg) @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ via: http://itsfoss.com/fix-add-ppa-error-ubuntu-1404-linux-mint/ -译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From db0dcf861fe9347b29a6e7ae472c501e4fddee10 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Mon, 2 Jun 2014 06:38:02 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 402/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9A20140529=20H?= =?UTF-8?q?ow=20To=20Share=20Disks=20In=20VirtualBox=20Between=20Linux=20G?= =?UTF-8?q?uest=20OS?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @GOLinux 今日定时发布 --- ...How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20140529 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md (91%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20140529 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md b/published/20140529 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md similarity index 91% rename from translated/tech/20140529 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md rename to published/20140529 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md index 6ea613f965..c2253e460c 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20140529 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md +++ b/published/20140529 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -在VirtualBox中的Linux客户机系统间共享磁盘 +如何在VirtualBox中的Linux客户机系统间共享磁盘 ================================================================================ 在本教程中，让我来给你们展示一下如何在VirtualBox中的两个Linux客户机系统间共享一个磁盘。 @@ -42,6 +42,6 @@ via: http://www.unixmen.com/share-disks-virtualbox-linux-guest-os/ -译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 80c7caa04b1e9009131c3cbb67b09e1e0fe98bf7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Mon, 2 Jun 2014 06:50:28 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 403/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AFix=20Adobe?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Flash=20Player=20Issue=20In=20Chromium=20In=20Ubuntu=2014.04?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @linuhap 下午定时发布~ --- ...Flash Player Issue In Chromium In Ubuntu 14.04.md | 12 ++++++------ 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/Fix Adobe Flash Player Issue In Chromium In Ubuntu 14.04.md (67%) diff --git a/translated/tech/Fix Adobe Flash Player Issue In Chromium In Ubuntu 14.04.md b/published/Fix Adobe Flash Player Issue In Chromium In Ubuntu 14.04.md similarity index 67% rename from translated/tech/Fix Adobe Flash Player Issue In Chromium In Ubuntu 14.04.md rename to published/Fix Adobe Flash Player Issue In Chromium In Ubuntu 14.04.md index dcde5182f8..26f2236856 100644 --- a/translated/tech/Fix Adobe Flash Player Issue In Chromium In Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ b/published/Fix Adobe Flash Player Issue In Chromium In Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -2,21 +2,21 @@ ================================================================================ [安装Ubuntu 14.04之后，先要做的几件事情][1]中其中一项是安装Adobe Flash Player。一般来说，如果安装了[Ubuntu Restricted Extras][2]，Flash Player应该可以工作而且你应该能够在网上观看在线视频，比如You Tube等网站上。 -这不是Chromium和Ubuntu 14.04结合使用的原因。当你用其他的网页浏览器比如火狐、Chrome时，你可以轻松地播放You Tube等网站视频，在Chromium中你将会看到Adobe Flash player缺失插件的通知： +其实这不是因为Chromium是在Ubuntu 14.04上使用才出现的问题。当你用其他的网页浏览器比如火狐、Chrome时，你可以轻松地播放You Tube等网站视频，但在Chromium中你将会看到Adobe Flash player缺失插件的通知： -**Adobe Flash Player is required to display some elements on this page. Install plug-in..** +> **Adobe Flash Player is required to display some elements on this page. Install plug-in..** ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Flash_Player_Ubuntu_1404_Chromium.jpeg) ### 只有在Chromium中出现flash player问题的原因： ### -只有在Chromium中发生这个问题的原因是，之前Chromium使用Netscape Plugin API构架来支持Flash，从Ubuntu 14.04开始，[Chromium将会停止使用Netscape Plugin API][3]。今后，你将要面对Chromium中Adobe Flash Player的问题。 +只有在Chromium中发生这个问题的原因是，之前Chromium使用Netscape Plugin API构架来支持Flash，从Ubuntu 14.04开始，[Chromium将会停止使用Netscape Plugin API][3]。因此，我们才遇到Chromium的Adobe Flash Player的问题。 -现在，为什么这个问题没有发生在其他浏览器上？答案是，因为它们使用 Flash Player 11.2。 +那么，为什么这个问题没有发生在其他浏览器上？答案是，因为它们使用 Flash Player 11.2。 ### 修复Chromium上Adobe Flash Player的问题： ### -修复这个问题，我们将使用Pepper Flash Player，一个来自Google更安全更稳定的版本的Flash Player。在Ubuntu 14.04的源里有[Adobe Flash Player Pepper 安装器][4]。这个安装器下载Google Chrome，提取出Pepper Flash Player然后建立给Chromium使用。 +修复这个问题，我们应该使用Pepper Flash Player，一个来自Google更安全更稳定的版本的Flash Player。在Ubuntu 14.04的源里有[Adobe Flash Player Pepper 安装器][4]。这个安装器会下载Google Chrome，提取出Pepper Flash Player然后设置给Chromium使用。 要在Ubuntu 14.04安装Pepper Flash Player，打开一个终端，使用下面的命令： @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ via: http://itsfoss.com/fix-flash-player-issue-chromium-in-ubuntu-14-04/ -译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 0512e09cdfb9b7ce4ee1bd19f6ce39bf91ef5e46 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Mon, 2 Jun 2014 07:54:13 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 404/601] Update 20140529 Command Line Tuesdays--The Introductory.md --- .../talk/20140529 Command Line Tuesdays--The Introductory.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/20140529 Command Line Tuesdays--The Introductory.md b/sources/talk/20140529 Command Line Tuesdays--The Introductory.md index 985e245d98..036e49e8d5 100644 --- a/sources/talk/20140529 Command Line Tuesdays--The Introductory.md +++ b/sources/talk/20140529 Command Line Tuesdays--The Introductory.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +Hey,guys, this is mine. GOLinux ... Command Line Tuesdays – The Introductory ================================================================================ **Hi Geekos!** @@ -51,4 +52,4 @@ via: https://news.opensuse.org/2014/05/27/command-line-tuesdays-the-introductory 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 -[1]:http://software.opensuse.org/package/gedit \ No newline at end of file +[1]:http://software.opensuse.org/package/gedit From b61db73591f85aefdb87cd042d8a80785747e098 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: linuhap Date: Mon, 2 Jun 2014 10:09:36 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 405/601] translated --- ...pport for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md | 32 ------------------- ...pport for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md | 31 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/talk/20140529 Why No Flash Support for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md create mode 100644 translated/talk/20140529 Why No Flash Support for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md diff --git a/sources/talk/20140529 Why No Flash Support for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md b/sources/talk/20140529 Why No Flash Support for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md deleted file mode 100644 index 975f168e40..0000000000 --- a/sources/talk/20140529 Why No Flash Support for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -linuhap翻译中 -Why No Flash Support for Linux Is Good for Open Source -================================================================================ -> The upcoming end of support for Adobe Flash in the open source Chromium browser for Linux is actually a good thing for the Linux world. - -![](http://thevarguy.com/site-files/thevarguy.com/files/imagecache/medium_img/uploads/2014/05/noflash.png) - -Flash, the ubiquitous media framework for the Web, soon will no longer work for Linux users of the [Chromium][1] browser, the open source version of [Google Chrome][2]. Is it time for the Linux world to panic? Not at all. - -Here's what's happening: Soon, the means by which Flash support was traditionally implemented in Chromium, via a plugin originally designed for Netscape, will [no longer work][3]. Instead, Flash support will come in the form of a new API called Pepper, which Google has created for Chrome. - -For Linux users, the problem is that Pepper is available only for Chrome, not its open source cousin, Chromium. And while it may be possible technically to make Pepper work in Chromium, doing so will require more know-how than the average Linux user possesses. - -That's bad news for the Linux world, where almost half of Linux users run Chromium, according to [one source][4]. And for other browsers, Flash support on Linux ended with Flash version 11.2, which still works well enough for now, but which may cease to be effective in the future. This is all to say that soon, neither Chromium, nor Firefox, nor any of their offshoots or open source betters likely will be able to display Flash-based content effectively. - -But so far, few people are actually panicking about this, as indeed they shouldn't. In many ways, vanishing Flash support for Linux is actually a good thing, because it will only help to hasten the disappearance of Flash altogether. After all, as Jim Lynch [noted][5] over at IT World, Apple iOS has never had Flash support, and that hasn't dampened the massive popularity of iPads or iPhones. This is particularly true as technologies such as HTML5 are making Flash unnecessary for delivering Web content. - -This is a case, then, in which denying support for a particular software package to the Linux community actually will benefit the community—and the IT world more generally—in the long run. That rarely happens, but when it comes to Flash, disappearing support for Linux can only prove to be a good thing. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://thevarguy.com/open-source-application-software-companies/052814/why-no-flash-support-linux-good-open-source - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.chromium.org/ -[2]:https://www.google.com/intl/en-US/chrome/browser/ -[3]:http://www.techrepublic.com/article/browsers-will-flash-linux-into-the-future-or-drag-it-into-the-past/#. -[4]:http://www.techrepublic.com/article/browsers-will-flash-linux-into-the-future-or-drag-it-into-the-past/#. -[5]:http://www.itworld.com/open-source/420319/adobe-flash-critical-future-linux diff --git a/translated/talk/20140529 Why No Flash Support for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md b/translated/talk/20140529 Why No Flash Support for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c811423c88 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/talk/20140529 Why No Flash Support for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +为什么Flash不支持Linux对开源比较好 +================================================================================ +> Linux中开源软件Chromium浏览器对Adobe Flash的支持即将结束，这实际上对Linux世界是件好事。 + +![](http://thevarguy.com/site-files/thevarguy.com/files/imagecache/medium_img/uploads/2014/05/noflash.png) + +Flash，无处不在的网络媒体框架，很快将不能在linux的[Chromium][1]浏览器中使用,Chromium是开源版的[Google Chrome][2]浏览器。现在我们要为Linux世界恐慌了吗？答案是根本不用。 + +事情是这样的：Chromium对Flash支持的传统方法是通过使用最初设计用于Netscape浏览器的一个插件实现，很快，这个方法将[不能用][3]。Flash支持将使用新的叫做Pepper的API，这是Google为Chrome而制作的。 + +对于Linux用户，问题是Pepper只能用于Chrome，而不能用于其表兄弟Chromium。虽然在技术上可以使Pepper在Chromium上使用，但做到它需要你比一般Linux用户拥有更多的知识。 + +这对Linux世界来说是个坏消息，根据[该网站][4]可知，有近一半的Linux用户在使用Chromium。在Linux上对于其他的浏览器，Flash的支持以Flash 11.2版本结束，现在它仍然能够良好工作，但是将来可能不能够使用。这是说，不久，不论Chromium还是Firefox或者其他与他们相关的软件，可能将来还能够有效地显示基于Flash的内容。 + +但到目前为止，很少有人对此事感到恐慌，事实上他们确实不应该。从很多方面来说，Flash对Linux不再支持实际上是件好事，因为这将有助于加速Flash的完全消失。毕竟，就像Jim Lynch在IT World上[写的][5],苹果iOS从没有过Flash支持，但这并没有阻碍iPads或iPhones变得的极为流行。尤其是一些技术如HTML5使得在提供网络内容时不必使用Flash。 + +拒绝一个特定的软件包实际上对于Linux社区来说将很有利——有利于IT世界变得更普遍——从长远来看。这种情况很少见，但当发生在Flash上时，对Linux变得不支持的确是件好事。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://thevarguy.com/open-source-application-software-companies/052814/why-no-flash-support-linux-good-open-source + +译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.chromium.org/ +[2]:https://www.google.com/intl/en-US/chrome/browser/ +[3]:http://www.techrepublic.com/article/browsers-will-flash-linux-into-the-future-or-drag-it-into-the-past/#. +[4]:http://www.techrepublic.com/article/browsers-will-flash-linux-into-the-future-or-drag-it-into-the-past/#. +[5]:http://www.itworld.com/open-source/420319/adobe-flash-critical-future-linux \ No newline at end of file From fbd225d352b94cc2db5dc3db553d9468fe4c23b3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Mon, 2 Jun 2014 18:20:51 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 406/601] [Translating]20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux --- .../20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md | 6 +++++- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md b/sources/talk/20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md index 99d2dc5670..a4ee6e5873 100644 --- a/sources/talk/20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md +++ b/sources/talk/20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +Translating--------geekpi + + + What is a good terminal emulator on Linux? ================================================================================ A good terminal emulator is a sufficient reason to choose Linux over Windows or Mac. Any power user of Linux would agree on that. By accessing the shell, a user can easily perform tasks that would be impossible, or too repetitive to perform from a graphical environment. But the choice of your terminal emulator is important since it can be the single application that you use the most. I will try to give you a well furnished list of good terminal emulators on Linux, from the classics, to the most exotic, but always efficient and original. @@ -86,4 +90,4 @@ via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/good-terminal-emulator-linux.html [1]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14100905020/ [2]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14284203351/ -[3]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14100857589/ \ No newline at end of file +[3]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14100857589/ From 5c8fddd6687026884f4198d711dba837bcb8799c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Mon, 2 Jun 2014 19:27:05 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 407/601] [Translating]20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux --- ...at is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md | 38 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md b/sources/talk/20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md index a4ee6e5873..3894816c89 100644 --- a/sources/talk/20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md +++ b/sources/talk/20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md @@ -1,90 +1,86 @@ -Translating--------geekpi - - - -What is a good terminal emulator on Linux? +Linux上有哪些好的终端模拟器? ================================================================================ -A good terminal emulator is a sufficient reason to choose Linux over Windows or Mac. Any power user of Linux would agree on that. By accessing the shell, a user can easily perform tasks that would be impossible, or too repetitive to perform from a graphical environment. But the choice of your terminal emulator is important since it can be the single application that you use the most. I will try to give you a well furnished list of good terminal emulators on Linux, from the classics, to the most exotic, but always efficient and original. +一个好的终端模拟器是一个很好的理由去选择Linux而不是Windows或者Mac。任何Linux的资深用户都会同意这点。通过访问shell，用户可以完成在图形环境下不可能或者太重复的任务。但是终端模拟器的选择是非常重要的，因为它会成为你使用最多的程序。我会尝试列出在Linux上好的终端模拟器的一份清单，从经典的到奇特的，但是它们都是有效率且原始的。 -If you deem a terminal application not cited here worthy, please let us know in the comments. There are a lot of them out there, and most are completely worthy of your attention. +如果你认为存在好的终端程序在这里没有提到，请在评论区让我们知道。这里很多没有提到，大多数是值得你注意的。 ### 1. Gnome-terminal ### ![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3699/14100905190_478812cae2_z.jpg) -Let's start with the "classical" terminals, and for Gnome, Gnome-terminal is as classical as it gets. It supports different user profiles, tabs, text re-sizing, transparent background, and a high degree of customization. As its name suggests, it fits in perfectly in a Gnome environment. +让我们先从“经典”终端开始，对于Gnome而言，Gnome-terminal和Gnome一样经典。它支持不同的用户配置，标签，文本调整，背景转换，和高度的自定义。如它名字暗示的那样，它适用于Gnome环境。 ### 2. Konsole ### ![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2897/14101006647_ec13565200_z.jpg) -Also a big name, Konsole is pretty much the equivalent of Gnome-terminal for KDE environments. One of the few additions is that Konsole supports a split-view mode as well as directory bookmarking. +同样大名鼎鼎，Konsole在KDE环境下等同于Gnome-terminal。Konsole额外支持一点是分割视图和目录书签。 -### 3. (Xfce) Terminal ### +### 3. (Xfce) terminal ### ![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2928/14100857759_fa29cc968e_z.jpg) -Xfce users also have their own terminal with xfce4-terminal. The idea is to get a product similar to Gnome-terminal in appearance, but much lighter in terms of resources needed. The result is very customizable, but without user profile functionality or transparent background. +Xfce用户同样有他们的Xfce4终端。这个项目的目的是得到一个Gnome-terminal在外观上相似的产品，但是在资源需求上会少很多。结果是非常可自定义化，但是没有用户配置功能或者透明背景。 ### 4. LXTerminal ### [![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5569/14100905020_dd2b3e830e_z.jpg)][1] -To finish with the most famous terminals for desktop environment, LXTerminal is designed for LXDE environments. As you can imagine, it is even lighter and faster than xfce-terminal, leaving behind complex customization and advanced options, just to keep the tabs. +为了完成在桌面环境下的最著名终端，LXTerminal是为LXDE环境设计的。如你所想象的，它甚至比xfce-terminal更轻量快速，去除了复杂的自定义和高级选项，只保持了标签。 ### 5. Terminator ### ![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3726/14100980857_1591317b8a_z.jpg) -Now let's get to the Rolls-Royce of terminal emulators. Terminator is one of the most complete software out there. It includes tab, split-view horizontal and vertical, screen captures, user profiles, plugins, and layout manager. Probably more options than you will ever need. The downside is the weight, and the heavy resource consumption. Up to you what you sacrifice. +现在让我们进入终端模拟器中的劳斯莱斯，Terminator是这里最完整的一款，它包括了标签、水平和垂直分割视图、屏幕捕捉、用户配置、插件、布局管理。可能还有一些你永远都不要的选项。它的缺点是大小，和大量的资源消耗。这些就是你会牺牲的东西。 ### 6. Tilda ### [![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5585/14284203351_2c25a33cb4_z.jpg)][2] -There is also a completely different style of terminal, the so called "drop-down" type. If you like to have your terminal always at the stroke of a key, you might enjoy the next three software options. First, Tilda is the epitome of the drop-down terminal. It is environment free and pretty light. You can set the degree of transparency or even a different background, and then choose from which side of the screen it should appear. Past that, do not expect anything too complex like tabs or split-view. Tilda only does one thing: appear quickly when you need it. +这里还有一款完全不同的一款终端，它称为“下拉”式。如果你喜欢你的终端总是处于关键的行程，也许你会喜欢下面的三个软件选项。首先，Tilda是下拉式终端的缩影。它不依赖于环境并且非常轻量。你可以设置透明度或者甚至是不同的背景，接下来选中一边的屏幕会显示出来。除去这个，不要期待太复杂的比如标签或者分割视图。Tilda只做一件事：在你需要的时候快速显示出来。 ### 7. Guake ### ![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3733/14285529772_aa824b5e39_z.jpg) -For those of you who like the concept of Tilda, but prefer something more integrated with Gnome, you should try Guake. Concerning the functionalities, they are more or less similar to Tilda. The difference between the two is mostly cosmetic. +对于喜欢Tilda的概念，但是更喜欢与Gnome结合更紧密的东西，你应该试试Guake。考虑到功能，它多多少少与Tilda相似。两者之间最大的不同是Guake更美观。 ### 8. Yakuake ### [![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5274/14100857589_142fdc4153_z.jpg)][3] -But KDE users are not forgotten either, with Yakuake, which is basically the alternative to Guake for KDE environments. It proposes the same things as Guake, in addition to a tabbed interface and users profiles. +KDE也不会忘记的Yakuake，它通常是KDE环境下的Guake的替代品。它和Quake一样处理相同的事，除了标签化接口和用户配置。 ### 9. Terra ### ![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3700/14307721343_0e55878bb0_z.jpg) -And for power users, who liked Terminator and want it as a drop-down, I propose you Terra which is the best of both worlds. In between Guake and Terminator, Terra supports split-view and tabs while being a drop-down. +对于喜欢Terminator和下拉式的资深用户而言，我假设Terra是这两个世界中最好的。在Guake和Terminator之间，Terra在下拉式中支持分割视图和标签。 ### 10. rxvt ### ![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2916/14307721303_805fe977ce_o.png) -If your goal is to be as lightweight as possible, and that you want something close to xterm, then rxvt is for you. With no tabs, no customization, no split-view, no anything, rxvt is the must when it comes to ultra-lightweight. If sometimes you need the bare minimum, then rxvt is for you. +如果你的目标是尽可能的轻量，你希望接近xterm，那么rxvt就是为你设计的。它没有标签和自定义，没有分割视图，没有任何东西，要极轻量就用rxvt。如果有时你只需要刚好够的功能，那么rxvt就是为你而生的。 ### 11. Sakura ### ![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3823/14287031834_d8a5ac966f_z.jpg) -As lesser known terminal emulator, Sakura is based on GTK but does not require a full Gnome installation. Unlike rxvt, Sakura has a few extras, like tabs and color customization, but tries to keep it simple and basic. So if you want the basics in a lightweight environment-free software, Sakura is probably where to turn to. +作为一款并不有名的终端模拟器，Sakura基于GTK但是并不需要完整的Gnome安装。不像rxvt，Sakura有一些额外的功能，像标签和颜色自定义，但是它尝试保持简单和基础。因此如果你想要一款不针对特定环境的基础终端，Sakura可能是你想要的。 ### 12. Terminology ### ![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3706/14264408226_a0223861ae_z.jpg) -One of the most exotic terminal out there is Terminology. Originally designed for Enlightenment, it proposes the classical functions that we kept seeing so far, and also throws in a few more that I have not seen before. Among them, the possibility to stream media straight from the terminal, and even thumbnails for file listing. +这里面最奇异的终端是Terminology。它原本是为Enlightment设计的，它提出了目前我们看到的经典功能，并且还有我之前没有见过的功能。在这之中有，直接在终端中传输流媒体，甚至是文件列表略缩图。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/good-terminal-emulator-linux.html -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From a5bc6096b93783b823fff01d63d81bd0e56d70e0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Mon, 2 Jun 2014 19:28:51 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 408/601] Rename sources/talk/20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md to translated/talk/20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md --- .../talk/20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename {sources => translated}/talk/20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md (100%) diff --git a/sources/talk/20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md b/translated/talk/20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md similarity index 100% rename from sources/talk/20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md rename to translated/talk/20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md From deffedd9642cb3feb08bf05b33637c95b328e334 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Tue, 3 Jun 2014 00:32:18 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 409/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AHow=20to=20m?= =?UTF-8?q?anage=20Linux=20containers=20with=20Docker=20on=20Ubuntu?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @bazz2 明天发布~ --- ...ow to manage Linux containers with Docker on Ubuntu.md | 8 ++++---- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/How to manage Linux containers with Docker on Ubuntu.md (96%) diff --git a/translated/tech/How to manage Linux containers with Docker on Ubuntu.md b/published/How to manage Linux containers with Docker on Ubuntu.md similarity index 96% rename from translated/tech/How to manage Linux containers with Docker on Ubuntu.md rename to published/How to manage Linux containers with Docker on Ubuntu.md index e6be840633..94925b9649 100644 --- a/translated/tech/How to manage Linux containers with Docker on Ubuntu.md +++ b/published/How to manage Linux containers with Docker on Ubuntu.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ================================================================================ 当前，完全硬件虚拟化技术（KVM、Xen、Hyper-V 等）能在一个物理主机上很好地运行多个互相独立的操作系统，但这也带来一些问题：性能不佳，资源浪费，系统反应迟缓等。有时候对用户来说，完全的硬件虚拟化并不是最好的选择。 -一种替代方案是使用轻量级虚拟化技术 —— 所谓的 [Linux Container 容器][1] (LXC)，它提供的是系统级虚拟化。与跑虚拟机相比，LXC 可以在一个轻量级沙箱容器里面跑多个 Linux 操作系统。当你需要设置一些易于克隆的开发环境、测试环境，或想在安全沙盒里安装应用时，LXC 就非常有用了。 +一种替代方案是使用轻量级虚拟化技术 —— 所谓的 [LinuX Container 容器][1] (LXC)，它提供的是系统级虚拟化。与跑虚拟机相比，LXC 可以在一个轻量级沙箱容器里面跑多个 Linux 操作系统。当你需要设置一些易于克隆的开发环境、测试环境，或想在安全沙盒里安装应用时，LXC 就非常有用了。 [Docker][2] 是一个开源工具，可以让用户方便地布署 Linux Container 容器。Docker 很快变成了 container 技术的非官方标准，从而被 [Ubuntu][3] 和 [Red Hat][4]等众多发行版吸收进去。 @@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ 下一步是编辑 Docker 配置文件，确定 Docker 可执行文件的路径： $ sudo vi /etc/default/docker.io - -> DOCKER="/usr/bin/docker.io" + + DOCKER="/usr/bin/docker.io" 重启 Docker 服务： @@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ Docker 使用 Linux 桥接技术与其他容器通信，以及连通外网。安 via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/manage-linux-containers-docker-ubuntu.html -译者：[bazz2](https://github.com/bazz2) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[bazz2](https://github.com/bazz2) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 59120465f6bea291d176e727bf7a4bb80fb6351a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Tue, 3 Jun 2014 00:40:17 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 410/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AHow=20to=20t?= =?UTF-8?q?ake=20full=20length=20screenshots=20of=20websites=20via=20termi?= =?UTF-8?q?nal?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @vizv 明天发布~ --- ...ake full length screenshots of websites via terminal.md | 7 +++---- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/How to take full length screenshots of websites via terminal.md (85%) diff --git a/translated/tech/How to take full length screenshots of websites via terminal.md b/published/How to take full length screenshots of websites via terminal.md similarity index 85% rename from translated/tech/How to take full length screenshots of websites via terminal.md rename to published/How to take full length screenshots of websites via terminal.md index 5e9542b741..dc8a5ad379 100644 --- a/translated/tech/How to take full length screenshots of websites via terminal.md +++ b/published/How to take full length screenshots of websites via terminal.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -如何在终端为网页截取一个完整长度的截图 +如何在终端下截取一个完整长度的网页截图 ================================================================================ ![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Screenshot-790x526.png) -这是一个名叫 **Tsamis Konstantinos** 的访客所发的帖子。他是一个 Linux 和开源软件的狂热用户，也是 Unixmen 的常客。你可以通过他的邮箱 **tsamis73@gmail.com** 联系他： 与其记笔记或是把看到的内容发送给其他人，我们更经常通过截屏来帮助我们记忆。 但是通常情况下，如果一个网页超出了屏幕高度，我们就得用多张截图去截取其全部内容。 @@ -19,7 +18,7 @@ $ sudo yum install gnome-web-photo 但是对于 CentOS 和其他 RedHat 分支的用户，请注意 `gnome-web-photo` 依赖 GTK+ 3.0 这个软件包。 -也就是说 `gnome-web-photo` 是和 CentOS/RHEL 6 自带的 GNOME 2 不相兼容的。 +也就是说 `gnome-web-photo` 是和 **CentOS/RHEL 6 自带的 GNOME 2 不相兼容的**。 要为一个网页截图： @@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ $ gnome-web-photo -t 0 --mode=print http://www.unixmen.com output.pdf -注意这个应用并不兼容 **.jpg** 格式。 +注意这个应用并不支持 **.jpg** 格式。 这个应用应该对各类用户都有所帮助。我经常对网页进行缩略图和完整长度的截图，希望对你也有所帮助。 From 51f3aeffb27a659d5154c500cf16bafe572a4007 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Tue, 3 Jun 2014 00:58:36 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 411/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AWhy=20htop?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Command=20Compete=20Linux=20top=20Command?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @runningwater 明天发布~ --- ... htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md | 20 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/Why htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md (77%) diff --git a/translated/tech/Why htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md b/published/Why htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md similarity index 77% rename from translated/tech/Why htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md rename to published/Why htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md index 3709009735..d24d530d10 100644 --- a/translated/tech/Why htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md +++ b/published/Why htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -为什么 Linux 的 htop 命令优于 top 命令 +为什么 Linux 的 htop 命令完胜 top 命令 ================================================================================ 在 Linux 系统中，top 命令用来显示系统中正在运行的进程的实时状态，它显示了一些非常有用的信息，比如 CPU 利用情况、内存消耗情况，以及每个进程情况等。但是，你知道吗？还有另外一个命令行工具 'htop'，它与传统的 top 命令功能一样，但它有更加强大的功能及能显示更多的信息。这篇文章，我们会用实例来讨论这个 'htop' 命令。 @@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ ### 首先明白它的输出 ### -**htop 命令**以典型的格式来显示信息。下面是 HTOP 的输出快照: +**htop 命令**以直观的格式来显示信息。下面是 HTOP 的输出快照: ![htop](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/htop.png) -如果你观察窗口的左上角部分，你会看到显示的是 CPU 负载、内存消耗及交换空间的实时信息，右上角包含的是任务、平均负载及系统运行时间的信息。 +如果你观察窗口的左上角部分，你会看到显示的是 CPU 负载、内存消耗及交换空间的实时信息，右上角包含的是任务、线程、平均负载及系统运行时间的信息。 平均负载部分提供了三个数字，这仅仅表示的是过去的5分钟、10分钟和15分钟系统的平均负载而已，在单核的系统中，平均负载为1表示的是百分之百的 CPU 利用率。最后，运行时间 （uptime）标示的数字是从系统启动起到当前的运行总时间。 @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ ### 1. 用 F2 键编辑配置 ### -该 HTOP 命令提供了许多自定义选项，你所要做的就是从主窗口中按下 F2 键。 +htop 命令提供了许多自定义选项，你所要做的就是从主窗口中按下 F2 键。 下面所示的是可用的自定义选项: @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ ### 2. 通过 F9 键发送信号 ### -HTOP 命令提供了某种功能，通过此功能您可以很容易地在 HTOP 窗口内给一个进程发送任意的信号。您需要做的就是按下 F9 键。 +htop 命令可以让你很容易地在 htop 窗口内给一个进程发送任意的信号。按下 F9 键即可。 ![signals](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/signals.png) @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ HTOP 命令提供了某种功能，通过此功能您可以很容易地在 HTOP ### 3. 显示进程的树状视图 ### -HTOP 命令也提供了进程的树状视图查看功能。您需要做的就是按下 F5 键。 +htop 命令也提供了进程的树状视图查看功能。按下 F5 键切换。 下面是 htop 显示树形视图信息的例子: @@ -52,17 +52,17 @@ HTOP 命令也提供了进程的树状视图查看功能。您需要做的就是 ### 4. 通过 F3 键搜索进程 ### -HTOP 命令提供了易用的方式来搜索进程。您需要做就是按下 F3 键，一个文本框就会出现在窗口底部。 +htop 命令提供了易用的方式来搜索进程。按下 F3 键，一个文本框就会出现在窗口底部。 下面是例子: ![search](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/search1.png) -如您所见，一条名为‘搜索’的文本提示框在窗口底部出现了，您可以在这儿输出进程的名字然后回车搜索。如果找到，它会在列出的进程列表里选中此进程。 +如您所见，一条名为‘搜索’的文本提示框出现在窗口底部，您可以在这儿输入进程的名字然后回车搜索。如果找到，它会在列出的进程列表里高亮选中此进程。 ### 5. 通过空格键来设置颜色标注进程条目 ### -在系统中运行着的实时进程视图中，要追踪某个进程是个大问题。因为整个列表在不停的刷新着，进程的排列顺序也在变动着。为了这个问题， HTOP 提供了一个很简单的解决方案：颜色标注。是的，你可以标注一个进程条目，它会以不同的颜色显示，因此要追踪它就变得容易了。 +在系统中运行着的实时进程视图中，要追踪某个进程是个大问题。因为整个列表在不停的刷新着，进程的排列顺序也在变动着。为了这个问题， htop 提供了一个很简单的解决方案：颜色标注。是的，你可以标注一个进程条目，它会以不同的颜色显示，因此要追踪它就变得容易了。 要标注某个进程条目，需要做的就是选中此条目，然后按下‘空格’键。例如，在下面的截图示例中，我已经颜色标注了三个进程条目: @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ HTOP 命令提供了易用的方式来搜索进程。您需要做就是按下 F3 - **-s 选项** : 按指定的列排序。例如，**htop -s PID** 命令会按 PID 列的大小排序来显示。 - **-u 选项** : 显示指定的用户的进程信息列表。例如，**htop -u himanshu** 命令会只显示出用户名为 himanshu 的相关进程。 -- **-d 选项** : 设置刷新的延迟时间。例如，**htop -d 100** 命令会使输出在1秒后才会刷新（参数 -d 可以考虑是十分之一秒的时间）。 +- **-d 选项** : 设置刷新的延迟时间。例如，**htop -d 100** 命令会使输出在1秒后才会刷新（参数 -d 的单位是10微秒）。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- From aee85619e44943becdfe570f8ffae8de52ee5b6e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: GOLinux Date: Tue, 3 Jun 2014 07:54:55 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 412/601] 20140529 Command Line Tuesday--The Introductory.md --- ...Command Line Tuesdays--The Introductory.md | 54 --------- .../Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md | 112 ------------------ ...Command Line Tuesdays--The Introductory.md | 57 +++++++++ .../Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md | 9 +- 4 files changed, 61 insertions(+), 171 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/talk/20140529 Command Line Tuesdays--The Introductory.md delete mode 100644 sources/talk/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md create mode 100644 translated/talk/20140529 Command Line Tuesdays--The Introductory.md diff --git a/sources/talk/20140529 Command Line Tuesdays--The Introductory.md b/sources/talk/20140529 Command Line Tuesdays--The Introductory.md deleted file mode 100644 index 985e245d98..0000000000 --- a/sources/talk/20140529 Command Line Tuesdays--The Introductory.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,54 +0,0 @@ -Command Line Tuesdays – The Introductory -================================================================================ -**Hi Geekos!** - -Today we’re introducing a new series, called ‘Command Line Tuesdays‘. Why command line Tuesdays? Because in this series, everyday computer enthusiasts like yours truly, will try to step a little out of bounds of the Graphical User Interface (GUI) Culture, which is today synonymous to ‘making stuff easier for the masses‘. - -Of course, if you visited any of the GNU/Linux related community forums, you’ve probably read, and this is an assumption, a very fiery debate over which is actually easier. Using GUI for everything, or simply learning and enjoying the Command-line Interface (CLI). - -![Terminal](http://sholva.org/assets/images/blog/2009/review-opensuse-11.2/opensuse-terminal.png) -Terminal - -There are many arguments for or against the use of GUI tools. One of the most commonly referred pros is that we’ve been brought up in the point-and-click computing paradigm, so it’s basically a form of a language, or culture if you may, in which we interact with our machine. The patterns are mostly recurring, with big button clicking doing everything we need it to do. - -On the other side, one of the most interesting comments I’ve read about the pros of command-line was: you can simply do more via the command-line much quicker, easier and faster than when using GUI tools. But there’s a catch: you have to learn the commands. Yes, learn them, as if learning a poem. -Now, since to us, the semi-indoctrinated clueless users, it all sounds like some useless geek overreaching and overdoing, let me humanize it with a fable: - -### The Fable ### - -I’ve been using Linux for more then 3 years now. I’m a 27 year old literature major, who never held much of an interest in technology of any sort. I didn’t even own a computer until I was in high-school, so let’s say somewhere around 17. That’s barely ten years of computer usage. The only three programs I ever ran were BS Player, Winamp and Football Manager, with occasional usage of MS Word. Three and bit years ago, a colleague at a precarious job I was performing at the time was talking to another coworker, saying there’s a new edition of something which immediately occupied my attention, as it looked different. It was Ubuntu’s Natty Narwhal, I think. After discussing it with him, he pointed out the usual pros we gospel to the newcomers, no antivirus necessary, faster boot, better security, software center blah blah blah, and the peak of it: Free and Open Source (FOSS) philosophy behind it. And he did it in a very non-invasive, non fanboyish manner. - -I decided to give it a go, and I never turned back since then. How I got into openSUSE around the 11.4 release, shortly after trying out Ubuntu for the first time is going to have to fit in another time, and how I find it to be the perfect sweet spot is a whole different story. The point is, I finally entered the Linux realm. It was fun, it was different, it made my computer run better, it was more stable. I barely had issues with it (seems I not-knowingly purchased fairly orthodox hardware). It seems that Linux came really far regarding the desktop, so I barely had to use the terminal. But let’s just say it was one of the most dreadful, terrifying and horrific tools to use in Linux. If there wasn’t a GUI for a specific operation, I immediately became nervous as I didn’t know what I was getting into when copy/pasting commands from the forums. -After time, things changed. As opposed to other consumer-oriented systems, what happened to me was maybe somewhat of a human reverse-engineering. Instead of me consuming the system, I feel that in three years, the system consumed me. I learned how to search for basic issues, file bug reports, properly ask questions on forums. With every issue I had, I learned how to be better at providing the information needed for someone more competent to help me with my problem. - -A short while ago, my girlfriend commented how she can’t believe I’m using my computer mostly for the sake of using the computer, rather than doing anything else. ‘You use it only for your music collection and Linux thingies, Nenad. Gaawd.’ It made me think, and think hard. Linux, specifically the openSUSE distro has become a hobby of mine. Not at an expert level, by any means, which is reasonable since it isn’t my area of expertise. But I know enough to get around, fix minor issues, play around with some configuration files etc. But what I came to know, is that with my increasing playing and tinkering around the system, I really need to get familiar with CLI. I learned that I’m playing around without knowing of the basics under the hood. What for crying out loud is ETC?!?!? What’s BIN? Why is there .sh at the end? Why is this file here, and this file there? Why do I have to click through gazillion of folders to find the right file to modify? Then I read you can easily list all the files somewhere with a single command. It became interesting. I suddenly felt an urge to try it out. - -### So Let’s Do It! ### - -…and here we are. As a new openSUSE news contributor, I’ll try to contribute in a way I see productive for what I suppose is a large portion of the community. It’s time to plant the banner and start learning the command-line together. If philosophy is what attracted you to Linux and openSUSE, like me, it got you this far. Now it’s time to take a step further. - -![](http://beerepiphany.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/pinky_brain.jpg) - -Look, I know there’s a bunch of you like me out there. I know you maybe don’t see the point in all that 90′s geeky black-screen-green-letters-quick-typing-make-everything-go-boom thing. But it’s useful in many aspects. We’ll learn in a fun and communal way which directories are for what, what files are located where, most commonly used terminal commands. It will make our lives easier when we learn to perform tasks through the console, make it even more rewarding when we run into issues. It will also make the lives of bug-squashers easier when they receive proper information from our end, and it will make our hobby infinitely more fun. -I mean, for crying out loud, you’ve already made a transition to a phase where Dilbert and xkcd are actually funny. It’s time for the terminal! - -P.S.: - -Reference material that will be used: William Shotts – The Linux Command Line and a short tutorial on most commonly used commands by a Croatian hacker Velimir Baksa aka Lutherus. Requirements on your part: -- An hour or two of spare time weekly -– A pint of cold beer or any other beverage -– Someone already pointed out that using [Gedit][1], or a manual notepad (you know, pen and paper hehe) would be good for easier learning. - -The book by Mr Shotts is exquisite. But there’s probably an issue of time/will-power etc. This way, I’ll try to humanize the lessons a bit more, take some time off your hands, and what’s most important – I count on us learning together, helping each other together (Comments and Forums, people!!) and tying a close-knit openSUSE community! This time next week (it will be June already!), we’ll learn our first commands. And remember… - -**…have a lot of fun!** - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://news.opensuse.org/2014/05/27/command-line-tuesdays-the-introductory/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://software.opensuse.org/package/gedit \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/talk/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md b/sources/talk/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md deleted file mode 100644 index a5759da8c6..0000000000 --- a/sources/talk/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,112 +0,0 @@ -Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets -================================================================================ -![](http://www.linuxinsider.com/images/rw509807/command-line.jpg) - -> "Command-line secrets? There aren't any such things," said blogger Robert Pogson. "Desperate newbie? Type 'help.' Still need a hint? Type 'man whatever.' Want more diversity? Type 'ls /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin | less,' pick out a few gems and type 'man whatever' all night long. I've been at it more than a decade. Still having fun." Of course, "one can be addicted to the point of destruction." - -**W**ell it was a relatively quiet week here in the Linux blogosphere, giving residents a long-overdue opportunity to catch their collective breath, enjoy a few Tequila Tux cocktails and take stock of all the FOSS-related happenings that have taken place over the past few weeks. - -Among the highlights, for those who missed them, were [the awarding][1] of the [IEEE][2] Computer Society's 2014 Computer Pioneer Award to none other than Linus Torvalds; [the arrival][3] of Tails OS 1.0; and, perhaps most exciting of all, [the release][4] of Seattle-based band [netcat's][5] debut album as a Linux kernel module. - -"Are you ever listening to an album, and thinking 'man, this sounds good, but I wish it crossed from user-space to kernel-space more often!'" netcat wrote on its Facebook page. "We got you covered. Our album is now fully playable as a loadable Linux kernel module." - -Linux Girl thought she had seen it all here in the Linux world, but now she realizes she was wrong. Thank you, netcat, for keeping life interesting! - -### 'Command Line Secrets' ### - -![](http://www.linuxinsider.com/images/article_images/linuxgirl_bg_pinkswirl_150x245.jpg) - -Speaking of interesting, there's nothing like a little shop talk around the bar to pass the time during a quiet week, and last week afforded a dose of that as well. Life is good here in the Linux blogosphere! - -The forum was Linux Voice -- that shiny, new magazine alert readers may remember [launched late last year][6] -- and the topic was none other than [command line secrets][7]. - -Linux Girl couldn't resist. - -### 'It Manages to Render Most Web Pages' ### - -"There are loads of really good reasons to use the command line," wrote the masterminds at Linux Voice. "It's the most powerful and concise method of interacting with your computer. - -"However, we decided to take a moment to look at some of its more obscure (and some would say pointless) uses," they added. - -Top of the magazine's list is the elinks Web browser: "It might not be as colorful as its more famous rivals, but it manages to render most Web pages," they explained. "As well has having geek-chic, it can come in handy when you just need to quickly check if a Web page is accessible from a computer you only have SSH access to." - -The list goes on from there to include looking up definitions on Wikipedia, among other tips. - -Down at the Broken Windows Lounge, patrons had plenty of suggestions of their own. - -### 'Great for Maintenance' ### - -"Very nice tips on CL commands, very nice," enthused Google+ blogger Alessandro Ebersol, for example. "But they forgot [cowsay][8], which is great for having some laughs in the darkness of a terminal." - -The command line "is great for maintenance," he added. "One can automate with bash scripts and make complex tasks with few (or just one) keystrokes." - -Other command line secrets Ebersol would add to the original list are sl (steam locomotive), along with [these nuggets][9]: - - * % cat "food in cans" - cat: can't open food in cans - * % nice man woman - No manual entry for woman. - * % [Where is Jimmy Hoffa? - Missing ]. - * % make love - Make: Don't know how to make love. Stop. - * % man: why did you get a divorce? - man:: Too many arguments. - -### 'The Most Precious Gem' ### - -"Command-line secrets? There aren't any such things," blogger [Robert Pogson][10] told Linux Girl. "Desperate newbie? Type 'help.' Still need a hint? Type 'man whatever.' Want more diversity? Type 'ls /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin | less,' pick out a few gems and type 'man whatever' all night long. I've been at it more than a decade. Still having fun." - -Pogson doesn't remember how long ago he discovered 'ssh,' but "it's the most precious gem of the FLOSS world," he said. - -"The awesome power of ssh is that the joy you have with typing commands on one computer can allow you a hundred times the joy on 100 computers," he added. "Of course, it's not fun to type passwords 100 times, so learn to use secure passwordless logins with ssh to make logging in remotely transparent." - -### 'Use It With Respect' ### - -Of course, "just as with any pleasurable activity, one can be addicted to the point of destruction," Pogson warned. "As root, you can type commands to delete everything or otherwise mess things up. - -"This is the nuclear option, and just as world leaders should sit on their hands and think carefully before pushing the button, value this power and use it with respect and higher motivations," he added. - -"I once deleted a file system because my thumb dragged the space bar into a command," Pogson concluded. "I only did that once. Honest." - -### 'Very Powerful' ### - -Google+ blogger Gonzalo Velasco C. was no less enthusiastic. - -"Even though the [GUI][11] tools are easier, in the *nix universe, the command line remains very powerful," he told Linux Girl. "Even some power MacOS users use them." - -As for Gonzalo Velasco C. himself, "the only commands I would like to master are the process control and killing, to use with ctrl+alt+backspace, so I can handle the one process that is giving me trouble, and the tar.gz files management -- that to this very day remains a pain for me," he said. - -#### 'Ur Doing It Wrong' #### - -Last but not least, SoylentNews blogger hairyfeet had a different perspective altogether. - -"The only thing I would add to a story about CLI is this: If you aren't working in IT and performing repetitive tasks where having an extremely simplistic, primitive way to script something is useful, and yet you are still using CLI, then 'ur doing it wrong,'" hairyfeet told Linux Girl. "A CLI isn't magic -- it's a GUI from the 1970s!" - -Today there are "useful GUIs thanks to actually having more CPU and RAM than a dollar-store watch -- we even have IDEs and scripting languages that can run rings around that 70s throwback, work across the WAN or LAN and interact with the deepest levels of the OS, all while being easier to use thanks to technologies like intellisense and autocomplete," he explained. "So why in God's name, if you aren't one of the 3 percent who are administering systems where every single byte counts, would you be dragging that old pile of junk out of mothballs?" - -Hairyfeet's best CLI advice? "Don't -- join the rest of the planet in the 21st century and learn how to use real languages and tools," he concluded. "Let CLI join bubble memory and floppies on the dustbin of history." - -> atherine Noyes is always on duty in her role as Linux Girl, whose cape she has worn since 2007. A mild-mannered journalist by day, she spends her evenings haunting the seedy bars and watering holes of the Linux blogosphere in search of the latest gossip. You can also find her on [Twitter][12] and [Google+][13]. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/80437.html?rss=1 - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.computer.org/portal/web/pressroom/Linus-Torvalds-Named-Recipient-of-the-2014-IEEE-Computer-Society-Computer-Pioneer-Award -[2]:http://www.ieee.org/ -[3]:http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/80386.html -[4]:https://www.facebook.com/netcatband/posts/755205877853161?stream_ref=10 -[5]:http://www.netcat.co/ -[6]:http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/79448.html -[7]:http://www.linuxvoice.com/commandline-secrets/ -[8]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowsay -[9]:https://www.linux.com/community/blogs/133-general-linux/10408 -[10]:http://mrpogson.com/ -[11]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUI -[12]:http://twitter.com/noyesk -[13]:https://plus.google.com/+KatherineNoyes?rel=author \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/talk/20140529 Command Line Tuesdays--The Introductory.md b/translated/talk/20140529 Command Line Tuesdays--The Introductory.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..89048f554f --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/talk/20140529 Command Line Tuesdays--The Introductory.md @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +命令行星期二 —— 序 +================================================================================ +**嗨，极客们！** + +今天，我们介绍给大家一个新的系列节目，它叫命令行星期二。为什么叫命令行星期二？因为在该系列节目中，就像你们这样的忠实的计算机迷们，每天将会试着走出图形用户界面（GUI）文化的藩篱，GUI文化就是让事情变得简单而大众化。 + +当然，如果你访问过任何与GNU/Linux相关的社区论坛的话，你可能耳闻目睹了一次火热的辩论，当然这是个假设，话题是哪个实际上更易用。是让GUI掌控一切，还是只是学习并享受命令行界（CLI）面带来的乐趣。 + +![Terminal](http://sholva.org/assets/images/blog/2009/review-opensuse-11.2/opensuse-terminal.png) +终端 + +对于使用或抛弃GUI工具的争论有很多。正方最常提到的优点之一，就是我们是在点击的计算模式下长大的，所以它基本上就是我们和机器进行交互的一种语言或文化形式。我们日复一日重复着这样的模式，点击那个大按钮来让它干我们需要它干的事。 + +而对于反方，我读到的关于命令行的优点的最有趣的评论之一，就是你可以通过命令行来更快，更简单地做更多事情，比GUI工具来得快。但你需要明白的是：你需要学习命令。是的，学习它们，就像学一首诗一样。 + +现在，因为对于我们，半知半解毫无头绪的用户们，它让人听起来就像是某个没用的杂记小丑表演得表演过头，太过火了。让我来用个寓言讲得通俗一点吧： + +### 寓言 ### + +我已经用了Linux超过3年了。27岁，是个文学专业学生，我对任何形式的技术都没有太大的兴趣。我直到中学才有了一台属于自己的计算机，我想大概是17岁那年吧。对于我而言，只用了10年的计算机。我只用过三个程序，BS播放器，Winamp和足球经理，偶尔也用用MS Word。大约三年多以前，我做临时工时的一位同事，在我正和另外一位同僚谈话时告诉我说，有个新版的东西，它一下子就抓住了我的心，它看起来确实与众不同。我现在想想，它就是Ubuntu的敏捷的独角鲸。在和这位同事讨论这个新版本后，他指出了一些常见的优点，这些优点也是我们经常向新手宣传的，不需要杀毒软件，启动快捷，安全性更高，附带有软件中心等等之类。最突出的一点：它背后的自由和开源（FOSS）哲学。他用他不带侵害性和没一点孩子气的方式把我带了进去。 + +我决定来一次尝试，而从那以后便一发不可收拾。而至于我是怎么又从第一次对Ubuntu的浅尝辄止转而投向openSUSE 11.4的，咋们下回再讲吧。而我发现它只是一个完美而甜蜜的小插曲，那就完完全全另外一回事了。问题在于，我最终进入了Linux领域。这很有趣，感觉很不一样，它让我的计算机跑得更好，它也更稳定，我也和它相处得很好（似乎我是在不经意间买到了相当正统的硬件）。Linux似乎也远不止是桌面，所以我只是在不得不使用终端的时候也使用终端。但是这么说吧，它是Linux中一个最为讨厌的，最为可怕，最令人不爽的工具之一。如果没有GUI来进行特别的操作，我马上会诚惶诚恐，十分不安了。因为当我从论坛复制/粘贴命令的时候，我都不知道我究竟在干些什么。 + +随着时间流逝，情况发生了变化。相对于其他以消费者为导向的系统，发生在我身上的事可能有点与一般人相反。在那三年中，我感觉不是我在玩系统，而是系统在玩我。我学会了怎样寻找基本问题，提交bug报告，怎样正确地在论坛上提问。对于碰到的每个问题，我学会了为那些更有能力帮我解决问题的人提供更有用的信息。 + +不久以前，我女朋友发泄道，她简直不敢相信，我主要为了用计算机而用计算机，而不是用它来做一些别的事情。”你只用它来进行音乐收藏和做些Linux的乱七八糟的事情，Nenad. Gaawd“它让我想啊，使劲想。Linux，特别是openSUSE发行版它成了我的爱好之一。我不是一个专家，不管怎么说都说得通，Linux不在我的专业知识范畴内。但我有足够的知识来搞定它，搞定一些小问题，修改一些配置文件等等。但是我终于认识到，随着玩Linux日久，对系统的调整日多，我真的需要熟悉一下命令行（CLI）了。我也了解到，我在对底层的东西一无所知的情况下对系统胡作非为。我要对着ETC大喊大叫了，它究竟是个什么东西？BIN又是个什么东西？为什么会有个.sh在后面？问什么这个文件在这里？那个文件又在那里？为什么我得点击那一大堆的文件夹来找到正确的文件进行修改？然后，我读到‘你可以用一个命令来简单地列出某个地方的所有文件’时，它又变得很有趣了，我突然感到迫不及待要想试试了。 + +### 好吧，让我们干吧！ ### + +我们来了……。作为一位新的openSUSE的新闻发布者，我会试着以我所见最有成效的方式来发表我的看法，这样的方式我想对社区中绝大多数人会奏效。该高举旗帜，一起开始学习命令行了。如果是是什么吸引你到Linux和openSUSE中来这么个态度，就想我，引领你走了这么远，那么是时候走得更远一点了。 + +![](http://beerepiphany.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/pinky_brain.jpg) + +看，我就知道在那外头有一大堆像我这样的人。我知道，你也许没有抓住90后极客们的要点，黑屏-绿字-手指在键盘上乱飞-让一切都激情澎湃。但这在很多地方都很有用。我们将以一种有趣的，而又共有的方式来学习，目录是用来干什么，什么文件放在什么地方，以及一些最常用的终端命令。在我们在控制台处理一些任务时，这将让我们更轻松一些；在碰到一些问题时，获得更大的回报。它也会让bug处理者更轻松些，如果他们从我们这头收到正确的信息的话。它也让我们的爱好变得乐趣无穷。 + +我是说，我的天啊，你已经过渡到连Dilber和xkcd都感到有趣的阶段了。是时候到终端下去了。 + +附录： + +要用到的一些参考资料：威廉 · 肖茨—— 《Linux命令行》,以及克罗地亚黑客韦利米尔 ·巴克沙，别名鲁塞拉斯，《关于最常用命令的简短教程》。对于你们的要求: +- 每周1到2小时的空闲时间 +- 一品脱冰冻啤酒或者其它饮料 +- 有人已经指出，使用[Gedit][1]，或者手工记录本（你懂的，笔和纸，呵呵）可以让学习更简单一些。 + +肖茨写的书可是精品，但读它可要花点时间和毅力。这里，我尽力让课程变得更通俗易懂一点，花点时间来帮助你们，而最重要的是——我希望我们能一起学习，一起互相帮助（评论还有论坛，人！！），并且加入一个组织严密的openSUSE社区！下周的这个时间（已经会是六月了吧），我们讲学习我们的第一部分命令。切记…… + +**尽情享受吧！** + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.opensuse.org/2014/05/27/command-line-tuesdays-the-introductory/ + +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://software.opensuse.org/package/gedit diff --git a/translated/talk/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md b/translated/talk/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md index 73ed036112..1beaf3e8b4 100644 --- a/translated/talk/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md +++ b/translated/talk/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md @@ -2,14 +2,13 @@ Linux大神们的顶级命令行秘诀 ================================================================================ ![](http://www.linuxinsider.com/images/rw509807/command-line.jpg) -> "Command-line secrets? There aren't any such things," said blogger Robert Pogson. "Desperate newbie? Type 'help.' Still need a hint? Type 'man whatever.' Want more diversity? Type 'ls /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin | less,' pick out a few gems and type 'man whatever' all night long. I've been at it more than a decade. Still having fun." Of course, "one can be addicted to the point of destruction." -> “命令行秘诀？根本就没这玩样。”博主罗伯特·柏格森说。“新手们，你们失望了？那就猛敲‘help’吧。还想要点提示？随便‘man’个什么吧。想更多来点不同？敲‘ls /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin | less’，随便捡几个宝贝命令出来，整晚地‘man’去吧。我已经干那活超过十年了，到现在还玩得不亦乐乎。”当然，“ -**W**ell it was a relatively quiet week here in the Linux blogosphere, giving residents a long-overdue opportunity to catch their collective breath, enjoy a few Tequila Tux cocktails and take stock of all the FOSS-related happenings that have taken place over the past few weeks. +> “命令行秘诀？根本就没这玩样。”博主罗伯特·柏格森说。“新手们，你们失望了？那就猛敲‘help’吧。还想要点提示？随便‘man’个什么吧。想更多来点不同？敲‘ls /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin | less’，随便捡几个宝贝命令出来，整晚地‘man’去吧。我已经干那活超过十年了，到现在还玩得不亦乐乎。”当然，“某人可要对破坏之类的事情上瘾了。” -Among the highlights, for those who missed them, were [the awarding][1] of the [IEEE][2] Computer Society's 2014 Computer Pioneer Award to none other than Linus Torvalds; [the arrival][3] of Tails OS 1.0; and, perhaps most exciting of all, [the release][4] of Seattle-based band [netcat's][5] debut album as a Linux kernel module. +**好**吧，Linux博客圈这里这周相对比较平静，给网民们一个拖了很久的机会集体喘口气吧，去享受一下龙舌兰、燕尾服、鸡尾酒带来的欢快吧，然后评估一下过去几周来发生的和自由开放软件相关的事件吧。 -"Are you ever listening to an album, and thinking 'man, this sounds good, but I wish it crossed from user-space to kernel-space more often!'" netcat wrote on its Facebook page. "We got you covered. Our album is now fully playable as a loadable Linux kernel module." +有些人错过了这些重大新闻：[IEEE][2]的[颁奖礼][1]，计算机世界的2014计算机先驱奖正是颁发给了李纳斯·托沃兹；Tails OS 1.0的[到来][3]；以及，也许是最令人激动的事情，位于西雅图的乐队[网猫][5][发布了][4]作为Linux内核模块的首张唱片。 +“你是否曾经在听一张专辑的时候想过‘伙计，这听起来不错，但是我希望它能经常从用户空间过渡到内核空间去！’”网猫在Facebook上写道，“我们会全力支持你的。我们的专辑现在完全可以作为一个可加载的Linux内核模块来播放。” Linux Girl thought she had seen it all here in the Linux world, but now she realizes she was wrong. Thank you, netcat, for keeping life interesting! ### 'Command Line Secrets' ### From c16f5a7f700d91e1ded66209d821d81bca4ec82f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: GOLinux Date: Tue, 3 Jun 2014 07:57:19 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 413/601] 20140529 Command Line Tuesday--The Introductory.md --- ...Command Line Tuesdays--The Introductory.md | 55 ------------------- 1 file changed, 55 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/talk/20140529 Command Line Tuesdays--The Introductory.md diff --git a/sources/talk/20140529 Command Line Tuesdays--The Introductory.md b/sources/talk/20140529 Command Line Tuesdays--The Introductory.md deleted file mode 100644 index 036e49e8d5..0000000000 --- a/sources/talk/20140529 Command Line Tuesdays--The Introductory.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,55 +0,0 @@ -Hey,guys, this is mine. GOLinux ... -Command Line Tuesdays – The Introductory -================================================================================ -**Hi Geekos!** - -Today we’re introducing a new series, called ‘Command Line Tuesdays‘. Why command line Tuesdays? Because in this series, everyday computer enthusiasts like yours truly, will try to step a little out of bounds of the Graphical User Interface (GUI) Culture, which is today synonymous to ‘making stuff easier for the masses‘. - -Of course, if you visited any of the GNU/Linux related community forums, you’ve probably read, and this is an assumption, a very fiery debate over which is actually easier. Using GUI for everything, or simply learning and enjoying the Command-line Interface (CLI). - -![Terminal](http://sholva.org/assets/images/blog/2009/review-opensuse-11.2/opensuse-terminal.png) -Terminal - -There are many arguments for or against the use of GUI tools. One of the most commonly referred pros is that we’ve been brought up in the point-and-click computing paradigm, so it’s basically a form of a language, or culture if you may, in which we interact with our machine. The patterns are mostly recurring, with big button clicking doing everything we need it to do. - -On the other side, one of the most interesting comments I’ve read about the pros of command-line was: you can simply do more via the command-line much quicker, easier and faster than when using GUI tools. But there’s a catch: you have to learn the commands. Yes, learn them, as if learning a poem. -Now, since to us, the semi-indoctrinated clueless users, it all sounds like some useless geek overreaching and overdoing, let me humanize it with a fable: - -### The Fable ### - -I’ve been using Linux for more then 3 years now. I’m a 27 year old literature major, who never held much of an interest in technology of any sort. I didn’t even own a computer until I was in high-school, so let’s say somewhere around 17. That’s barely ten years of computer usage. The only three programs I ever ran were BS Player, Winamp and Football Manager, with occasional usage of MS Word. Three and bit years ago, a colleague at a precarious job I was performing at the time was talking to another coworker, saying there’s a new edition of something which immediately occupied my attention, as it looked different. It was Ubuntu’s Natty Narwhal, I think. After discussing it with him, he pointed out the usual pros we gospel to the newcomers, no antivirus necessary, faster boot, better security, software center blah blah blah, and the peak of it: Free and Open Source (FOSS) philosophy behind it. And he did it in a very non-invasive, non fanboyish manner. - -I decided to give it a go, and I never turned back since then. How I got into openSUSE around the 11.4 release, shortly after trying out Ubuntu for the first time is going to have to fit in another time, and how I find it to be the perfect sweet spot is a whole different story. The point is, I finally entered the Linux realm. It was fun, it was different, it made my computer run better, it was more stable. I barely had issues with it (seems I not-knowingly purchased fairly orthodox hardware). It seems that Linux came really far regarding the desktop, so I barely had to use the terminal. But let’s just say it was one of the most dreadful, terrifying and horrific tools to use in Linux. If there wasn’t a GUI for a specific operation, I immediately became nervous as I didn’t know what I was getting into when copy/pasting commands from the forums. -After time, things changed. As opposed to other consumer-oriented systems, what happened to me was maybe somewhat of a human reverse-engineering. Instead of me consuming the system, I feel that in three years, the system consumed me. I learned how to search for basic issues, file bug reports, properly ask questions on forums. With every issue I had, I learned how to be better at providing the information needed for someone more competent to help me with my problem. - -A short while ago, my girlfriend commented how she can’t believe I’m using my computer mostly for the sake of using the computer, rather than doing anything else. ‘You use it only for your music collection and Linux thingies, Nenad. Gaawd.’ It made me think, and think hard. Linux, specifically the openSUSE distro has become a hobby of mine. Not at an expert level, by any means, which is reasonable since it isn’t my area of expertise. But I know enough to get around, fix minor issues, play around with some configuration files etc. But what I came to know, is that with my increasing playing and tinkering around the system, I really need to get familiar with CLI. I learned that I’m playing around without knowing of the basics under the hood. What for crying out loud is ETC?!?!? What’s BIN? Why is there .sh at the end? Why is this file here, and this file there? Why do I have to click through gazillion of folders to find the right file to modify? Then I read you can easily list all the files somewhere with a single command. It became interesting. I suddenly felt an urge to try it out. - -### So Let’s Do It! ### - -…and here we are. As a new openSUSE news contributor, I’ll try to contribute in a way I see productive for what I suppose is a large portion of the community. It’s time to plant the banner and start learning the command-line together. If philosophy is what attracted you to Linux and openSUSE, like me, it got you this far. Now it’s time to take a step further. - -![](http://beerepiphany.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/pinky_brain.jpg) - -Look, I know there’s a bunch of you like me out there. I know you maybe don’t see the point in all that 90′s geeky black-screen-green-letters-quick-typing-make-everything-go-boom thing. But it’s useful in many aspects. We’ll learn in a fun and communal way which directories are for what, what files are located where, most commonly used terminal commands. It will make our lives easier when we learn to perform tasks through the console, make it even more rewarding when we run into issues. It will also make the lives of bug-squashers easier when they receive proper information from our end, and it will make our hobby infinitely more fun. -I mean, for crying out loud, you’ve already made a transition to a phase where Dilbert and xkcd are actually funny. It’s time for the terminal! - -P.S.: - -Reference material that will be used: William Shotts – The Linux Command Line and a short tutorial on most commonly used commands by a Croatian hacker Velimir Baksa aka Lutherus. Requirements on your part: -- An hour or two of spare time weekly -– A pint of cold beer or any other beverage -– Someone already pointed out that using [Gedit][1], or a manual notepad (you know, pen and paper hehe) would be good for easier learning. - -The book by Mr Shotts is exquisite. But there’s probably an issue of time/will-power etc. This way, I’ll try to humanize the lessons a bit more, take some time off your hands, and what’s most important – I count on us learning together, helping each other together (Comments and Forums, people!!) and tying a close-knit openSUSE community! This time next week (it will be June already!), we’ll learn our first commands. And remember… - -**…have a lot of fun!** - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://news.opensuse.org/2014/05/27/command-line-tuesdays-the-introductory/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://software.opensuse.org/package/gedit From 25a05b426a763f8f3400a1b0828d2a107f6cb172 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Vic___ Date: Tue, 3 Jun 2014 10:54:31 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 414/601] [Translating by Vic] --- .../talk/20140528 Why We Shouldn't Accept Bad Linux Ports.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/20140528 Why We Shouldn't Accept Bad Linux Ports.md b/sources/talk/20140528 Why We Shouldn't Accept Bad Linux Ports.md index 6befa3f0df..836e8bbe07 100644 --- a/sources/talk/20140528 Why We Shouldn't Accept Bad Linux Ports.md +++ b/sources/talk/20140528 Why We Shouldn't Accept Bad Linux Ports.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +Vic020 Why We Shouldn't Accept Bad Linux Ports ================================================================================ Thanks to the recent fiasco of The Witcher 2 I wanted to write down some thoughts on why we shouldn't accept bad quality ports from developers. @@ -29,4 +30,4 @@ via: http://www.gamingonlinux.com/articles/why-we-shouldnt-accept-bad-linux-port 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 3686d8f709aad779ce4a1706653f350dcf2e087d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Tue, 3 Jun 2014 16:40:26 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 415/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140603-1=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... portion of membership fees to Code.org.md | 27 ++ ...rior Ubuntu Software Center Alternative.md | 47 +++ ...rver from the command line in real time.md | 103 +++++ ...03 Write your first Linux Kernel module.md | 375 ++++++++++++++++++ 4 files changed, 552 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/20140603 Linux Foundation to donate portion of membership fees to Code.org.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140603 App Grid Is A Superior Ubuntu Software Center Alternative.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140603 How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140603 Write your first Linux Kernel module.md diff --git a/sources/news/20140603 Linux Foundation to donate portion of membership fees to Code.org.md b/sources/news/20140603 Linux Foundation to donate portion of membership fees to Code.org.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..05a680a10c --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20140603 Linux Foundation to donate portion of membership fees to Code.org.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +Linux Foundation to donate portion of membership fees to Code.org +================================================================================ +![](http://www.muktware.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Linux_Foundation_logo-360x109.png) + +The Linux Foundation [announced][1] its mid-year individual membership drive and promotion. For each new membership between 01 June to 11:59 p.m. PT on June 30, 2014, Code.org will receive $25. + +Code.org is a non-profit organization dedicated to the expansion of computer science by making it available in more schools and increasing participation by women and underrepresented students of color. Its vision is to provide the opportunity of learning computer science to every school student. Code.org identifies with the Linux Foundation’s mission to increase opportunities for people to learn programming of all types. + +Amanda McPherson, CMO at The Linux Foundation explains – “Many of today’s Linux professionals got started as students, tinkering with computers and writing simple programs during college. By helping extend individual membership contributions this month to Code.org, we hope the community can support Linux and the work of Linux creator Linus Torvalds while helping to increase access to computer science education for the next generation of Linux developers and SysAdmins”. + +Learning and education are top priorities at The Linux Foundation too. It recently announced the first ‘Introduction to Linux’ Massive Open Online Course (MOOC), which is free for all. More than 140,000 people already enrolled for the first class that begins this August. It also offers and organizes various training programs. + +The Linux Foundation memberships support the advancement of Linux and open source community. As additional perks, members also receive exclusive benefits that include 20 percent off LinuxCon and CloudOpen registration; up to 10 percent off Linux Foundation training; a Linux.com email address (e.g. john@linux.com); employee purchase pricing from Dell, HP and Lenovo; up to 35 percent off O’Reilly books and e-books; and a variety of other discounts. + +The membership fee per year is $99. For students it is $25 and includes the same benefits as individual members. To sign up, visit: +[https://www.linuxfoundation.org/about/join/individual][2] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.muktware.com/2014/06/linux-foundation-donate-portion-membership-fees-code-org/27942 + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/announcements/2014/06/linux-foundations-biannual-membership-drive-kicks-portion-dues +[2]:https://www.linuxfoundation.org/about/join/individual \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/20140603 App Grid Is A Superior Ubuntu Software Center Alternative.md b/sources/tech/20140603 App Grid Is A Superior Ubuntu Software Center Alternative.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6344c3d6f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140603 App Grid Is A Superior Ubuntu Software Center Alternative.md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +App Grid Is A Superior Ubuntu Software Center Alternative +================================================================================ +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/app-grid.png) + +**There’s no denying that the Ubuntu Software Centre has made finding, installing, buying and managing applications easier.** + +Equally, there’s no denying that it’s far from being the prettiest bit of software that ships with the distro by default. + +### App Grid Ubuntu Software Centre Alternative ### + +The interface of Ubuntu’s flagship app store has changed little since its last big makeover back in 2011. Not that it has been completely ignored in the intervening time. The 12.04 development cycle saw some [work done on its boot time][1]. + +That aside, the ol’ USC is pretty much the same as it ever was: a basket of potential never checked out. + +App Grid aims to solve these shortcomings. Written from scratch, it claims to deliver better start up times, faster response times and a design that offers “no confusion, no frustration.” + +On most of these point App Grid succeeds. It opens almost instantly and clicking through the interface is, indeed, responsive. The ‘no confusion’ promise is, perhaps, a little open to debate. The app sometimes requires you to scroll horizontally, other times vertically. One also can’t help but think that the app would look markedly more professional if it dropped the ‘gridded’ background pattern, too. + +As a way to sift through the legions of apps available on Ubuntu, App Grid is a superior effort. Support for Ubuntu One purchases, ratings and reviews make it all the more useful as a replacement to Ubuntu’s default store. + +If there is any drawback it’s that the application is not open source, as a big disclaimer warns on first run: + +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/app-grid-prompt.png) + +### Install App Grid ### + +App Grid is available for Ubuntu 12.04 LTS, 13.10 and 14.04 LTS. It can be installed by adding the following PPA to your software sources: + + sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:appgrid/stable + sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install app grid + +Or by grabbing a .deb installer [from the project website][2]. + +- [Download App Grid Installer for Ubuntu 14.04][3] + +Give it a try and let us know what you think in the space we dutifully carved out for your opinion… +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/appgrid-ubuntu-software-centre-alternative + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2011/10/plans-for-ubuntu-software-centre-plans-in-12-04-get-discussed +[2]:https://launchpad.net/appgrid +[3]:http://ppa.launchpad.net/appgrid/stable/ubuntu/pool/main/a/appgrid/appgrid_0.1.102~trusty_all.deb \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/20140603 How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time.md b/sources/tech/20140603 How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..af2a521e34 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140603 How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time.md @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ +How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time +================================================================================ +Once Nginx web server is [up and running][1] in a production environment, you will want to monitor its activity in real time. In fact, general network monitoring software such as [Nagios][2], Zabbix, Munin provide support for real-time Nginx monitoring. + +However, if you do not need comprehensive reporting capabilities or long-term statistics offered by such tools, but just want a quick and easy way to monitor the requests coming to an Nginx web server, I would recommend a command line tool called [ngxtop][3]. + +You will immediately tell that ngxtop (both its name and interface) is inspired by the famous top command. What ngxtop does is to parse Nginx access log file (and others such as Apache2 log), and display analyzed results via top-like interface in real-time. You can tout your sophisticated monitoring tool all you want, but it cannot beat ngxtop's simplicity, and simplicity is not something that cannot be dismissed. + +In this tutorial, I will describe how to monitor Nginx web server in real time with ngxtop. + +### Install ngxtop on Linux ### + +First, [install pip][4] on your Linux system as a prerequisite for ngxtop. + +Then install ngxtop as follows. + + $ sudo pip install ngxtop + +### Usage of ngxtop ### + +The basic usage of ngxtop is as follows. + + ngxtop [options] + ngxtop [options] (print|top|avg|sum) + ngxtop info + +Here are some of the common options. + +- **-l **: the full path to an access log file (Nginx or Apache2) +- **-f **: access log format +- **--no-follow**: process the current log file snapshot, instead of new lines as they are written to the log file in real time +- **-t **: update interval +- **-n **: the number of lines in the display +- **-o **: ordering criteria (default: count) +- **-a ..., --a ...**: add exp (must be aggregation exp: sum, avg, min, max, etc.) into output +- **-v**: verbose output +- **-i **: only process records matched with filter + +Here are built-in variables (represented as in the above). Their meanings are self-explanatory. + +- body_bytes_send +- http_referer +- http_user_agent +- remote_addr +- remote_user +- request +- status +- time_local + +### Monitor Nginx with ngxtop ### + +By default, ngxtop will try to detect the location of Nginx access log from its config file (/etc/nginx/nginx.conf). Thus, to monitor Nginx, simply run: + + $ ngxtop + +It will display 10 requests served by Nginx, sorted by the number of requests. + +To display top-20 most frequent requests: + + $ ngxtop -n 20 + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3820/14294438196_c3996b1c4f_z.jpg) + +To get information about Nginx (including available variable info): + + $ ngxtop info + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3813/14317586785_ea6d95cbd0_z.jpg) + +If you want, you can customize the variables to display. For that, simply list variables you are interested in. "print" command will display individual requests. + + $ ngxtop print request http_user_agent remote_addr + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3808/14131056547_72f3e8524b_z.jpg) + +To display top IP addresses of clients: + + $ ngxtop top remote_addr + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3759/14130973180_1b9c436db3_z.jpg) + +To display requests whose status code is 404: + + $ ngxtop -i 'status == 404' print request status + +![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5482/14130935259_e4d841394f_z.jpg) + +Besides Nginx, ngxtop is capable of processing other log files, such as Apache access logs. To monitor Apache web server, use this command: + + $ tail -f /var/log/apache2/access.log | ngxtop -f common + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/06/monitor-nginx-web-server-command-line-real-time.html + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/01/compile-install-nginx-web-server.html +[2]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/12/monitor-common-services-nagios.html +[3]:https://github.com/lebinh/ngxtop +[4]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/install-pip-linux.html \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/20140603 Write your first Linux Kernel module.md b/sources/tech/20140603 Write your first Linux Kernel module.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2fbd99ab80 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140603 Write your first Linux Kernel module.md @@ -0,0 +1,375 @@ +Write your first Linux Kernel module +================================================================================ +> Ever wanted to start hacking the kernel? Don’t have a clue how to begin? Let us show you how it’s done… + +Kernel programming is often seen as a black magic. In Arthur C Clarke’s sense, it probably is. The Linux kernel is quite different from its user space: many abstractions are waived, and you have to take extra care, as a bug in you code affects the whole system. There is no easy way to do floating-point maths, the stack is fixed and small, and the code you write is always asynchronous so you need to think about the concurrency. Despite all of this though, the Linux kernel is just a very large and complex C program that is open for everyone to read, learn and improve, and you too can be a part of it. + +> “The easiest way to start kernel programming +> is to write a module – a piece of code that +> can be dynamically loaded into the kernel.“ + +Probably the easiest way to start kernel programming is to write a module – a piece of code that can be dynamically loaded into the kernel and removed from it. There are limits to what modules can do – for example, they can’t add or remove fields to common data structures like process descriptors. But in all other ways they are full-fledged kernel-level code, and they can always be compiled into the kernel (thus removing all the restrictions) if needed. It is fully possible to develop and compile a module outside the Linux source tree (this is unsurprisingly called an out-of-tree build), which is very convenient if you just want to play a bit and do not wish to submit your changes for inclusion into the mainline kernel. + +In this tutorial, we’ll develop a simple kernel module that creates a **/dev/reverse** device. A string written to this device is read back with the word order reversed (“Hello World” becomes “World Hello”). It is a popular programmer interview puzzle, and you are likely to get some bonus points when you show the ability to implement it at the kernel level as well. A word of warning before we start: a bug in your module may lead to a system crash and (unlikely, but possible) data loss. Be sure you’ve backed up all your important data before you start, or, even better, experiment in a virtual machine. + +### Avoid root if possible ### + +> By default, **/dev/reverse** is available to root only, so you’ll have to run your test programs with **sudo**. To fix this, create a **/lib/udev/rules.d/99-reverse.rules** file that contains: +> +> SUBSYSTEM=="misc", KERNEL=="reverse", MODE="0666" +> +> Don’t forget to reinsert the module. Making device nodes accessible to non-root users is generally not a good idea, but it is quite useful during development. This is not to mention that running test binaries as root is not a good idea either. + +#### A module’s anatomy #### + +As most of the Linux kernel modules are written in C (apart from low-level architecture-specific parts), it is recommended that you keep your module in a single file (say, reverse.c). We’ve put the full source code on GitHub – and here we’ll look at some snippets of it. To begin, let’s include some common headers and describe the module using predefined macros: + + #include + #include + #include + + MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); + MODULE_AUTHOR("Valentine Sinitsyn "); + MODULE_DESCRIPTION("In-kernel phrase reverser"); + +Everything is straightforward here, except for **MODULE_LICENSE()**: it is not a mere marker. The kernel strongly favours GPL-compatible code, so if you set the licence to something non GPL-compatible (say, “Proprietary”), certain kernel functions will not be available to your module. + +### When not to write a kernel module ### + +> Kernel programming is fun, but writing (and especially debugging) kernel code in a real-world project requires certain skills. In general, you should descend to the kernel level only if there is no other way to solve your problem. Chances are you can stay in the userspace if: +> +> - You develop a USB driver – have a look at [libusb][1]. +> - You develop a filesystem – try [FUSE][2]. +> - You are extending Netfilter – [libnetfilter_queue][3] may help you then. +> +> Generally, native kernel code will perform better, but for many projects this performance loss isn’t crucial. + +Since kernel programming is always asynchronous, there is no **main()** function that Linux executes sequentially to run your module. Instead, you provide callbacks for various events, like this: + + static int __init reverse_init(void) + { + printk(KERN_INFO "reverse device has been registered\n"); + return 0; + } + + static void __exit reverse_exit(void) + { + printk(KERN_INFO "reverse device has been unregistered\n"); + } + + module_init(reverse_init); + module_exit(reverse_exit); + +Here, we define functions to be called on the module’s insertion and removal. Only the first one is required. For now, they simply print a message to the kernel ring buffer (accessible from the userspace via the **dmesg** command); **KERN_INFO** is a log level (note there is no comma). **__init** and **__exit** are attributes – the pieces of metadata attached to functions (or variables). Attributes are rarely seen in userspace C code but are pretty common in the kernel. Everything marked with **__init** is recycled after the initialisation (remember the old “Freeing unused kernel memory…” message?). **__exit** denotes functions that are safe to optimise out when the code is built statically into the kernel. Finally, the **module_init()** and **module_exit()** macros set **reverse_init()** and **reverse_exit()** functions as lifecycle callbacks for our module. The actual function names aren’t important; you can call them **init()** and **exit()** or **start()** and **stop()**, if you wish. They are declared static and hence invisible outside your module. In fact, any function in the kernel is invisible unless explicitly exported. However, prefixing your functions with a module name is a common convention among kernel programmers. + +These are bare bones – let’s make things more interesting. Modules can accept parameters, like this: + + # modprobe foo bar=1 + +The **modinfo** command displays all parameters accepted by the module, and these are also available under **/sys/module//parameters** as files. Our module will need a buffer to store phrases – let’s make its size user-configurable. Add the following three lines just below **MODULE_DESCRIPTION()**: + + static unsigned long buffer_size = 8192; + module_param(buffer_size, ulong, (S_IRUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH)); + MODULE_PARM_DESC(buffer_size, "Internal buffer size"); + +Here, we define a variable to store the value, wrap it into a parameter, and make it readable by everyone via sysfs. The parameter’s description (the last line) appears in the modinfo’s output. + +As the user can set **buffer_size** directly, we need to sanitise it in **reverse_init()**. You should always check the data that comes outside the kernel – if you don’t, you are opening yourself to kernel panics or even security holes. + + static int __init reverse_init() + { + if (!buffer_size) + return -1; + printk(KERN_INFO + "reverse device has been registered, buffer size is %lu bytes\n", + buffer_size); + return 0; + } + +Non-zero return value from a module init function indicates a failure. + +### Navigation ### + +> The Linux kernel is the ultimate source for everything you may need when developing modules. However, it’s quite big, and you may have trouble trying to find what you are after. Luckily, there are tools that make it easier to navigate large codebases. First of all, there is Cscope – a venerable tool that runs in a terminal. Simply run **make cscope && cscope** in the kernel sources top-level directory. Cscope integrates well with Vim and Emacs, so you can use it without leaving the comfort of your favorite editor. +> +> If terminal-based tools aren’t your cup of tea, visit [http://lxr.free-electrons.com][4]. It is a web-based kernel navigation tool with not quite as many features as Cscope (for example, you can’t easily find usages for the function), but it still provides enough for the quick lookups. + +Now it’s time to compile the module. You will need the headers for the kernel version you are running (**linux-headers** or equivalent package) and **build-essential** (or analogous). Next, it’s time to create a boilerplate Makefile: + + obj-m += reverse.o + all: + make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) modules + clean: + make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) clean + +Now, call **make** to build your first module. If you typed everything correctly, you will find **reverse.ko** in the current directory. Insert it with **sudo insmod reverse.ko**, and run: + + $ dmesg | tail -1 + [ 5905.042081] reverse device has been registered, buffer size is 8192 bytes + +Congratulations! However, for now this line is telling lies – there is no device node yet. Let’s fix it. + +#### Miscellaneous devices #### + +In Linux, there is a special character device type called “miscellaneous” (or simply “misc”). It is designed for small device drivers with a single entry point, and is exactly what we need. All misc devices share the same major number (10), so the one driver (**drivers/char/misc.c**) can look after all of them, and they are distinguished by their minor numbers. In all other senses, they are just normal character devices. + +To register a minor number (and an entry point) for the device, you declare **struct misc_device**, fill its fields (note the syntax), and call **misc_register()** with a pointer to this structure. For this to work, you will also need to include the **linux/miscdevice.h** header file: + + static struct miscdevice reverse_misc_device = { + .minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR, + .name = "reverse", + .fops = &reverse_fops + }; + static int __init reverse_init() + { + ... + misc_register(&reverse_misc_device); + printk(KERN_INFO ... + } + +Here, we request a first available (dynamic) minor number for the device named “reverse”; th ellipsis indicates omitted code that we’ve already seen. Don’t forget to unregister the device on the module’s teardown: + + static void __exit reverse_exit(void) + { + misc_deregister(&reverse_misc_device); + ... + } + +The ‘fops’ field stores a pointer to a struct **file_operations** (declared in linux/fs.h), and this is the entry point for our module. **reverse_fops** is defined as: + + static struct file_operations reverse_fops = { + .owner = THIS_MODULE, + .open = reverse_open, + ... + .llseek = noop_llseek + }; + +Again, **reverse_fops** contains a set of callbacks (also known as methods) to be executed when userspace code opens a device, reads from it, writes to it or closes the file descriptor. If you omit any of these, a sensible fallback will be used instead. That’s why we explicitly set the **llseek** method to **noop_llseek()**, which (as the name implies) does nothing. The default implementation changes a file pointer, and we don’t want our device to be seekable now (this will be your home assignment for today). + +#### I open at the close #### + +Let’s implement the methods. We’ll allocate a new buffer for each file descriptor opened, and free it on close. This is not really safe: if a userspace application leaks descriptors (perhaps intentionally), it may hog the RAM, and render the system unusable. You should always think about these possibilities in the real world, but for the tutorial, it’s acceptable. + +We’ll need a structure to describe the buffer. The kernel provides many generic data structures: linked lists (which are double-linked), hash tables, trees and so on. However, buffers are usually implemented from scratch. We will call ours “struct buffer”: + + struct buffer { + char *data, *end, *read_ptr; + unsigned long size; + }; + +**data** is a pointer to the string this buffer stores, and end is the first byte after the string end. **read_ptr** is where **read()** should start reading the data from. The buffer size is stored for the completeness – for now, we don’t use this field. You shouldn’t assume the users of your structure will correctly initialise all of these, so it is better to encapsulate buffer allocation and deallocation in functions. They are usually named **buffer_alloc()** and **buffer_free()**. + + static struct buffer *buffer_alloc(unsigned long size) + { + struct buffer *buf; + buf = kzalloc(sizeof(*buf), GFP_KERNEL); + if (unlikely(!buf)) + goto out; + ... + out: + return buf; + } + +Kernel memory is allocated with **kmalloc()** and freed with **kfree()**; the **kzalloc()** flavour sets the memory to all-zeroes. Unlike standard **malloc()**, its kernel counterpart receives flags specifying the type of memory requested in the second argument. Here, **GFP_KERNEL** means we need a normal kernel memory (not in DMA or high-memory zones) and the function can sleep (reschedule the process) if needed. **sizeof(*buf)** is a common way to get the size of a structure accessible via pointer. + +You should always check **kmalloc()**’s return value: dereferencing NULL pointer will result in kernel panic. Also note the use of **unlikely()** macro. It (and the opposite **likely()** macro) is widely used in the kernel to signify that the condition is almost always true (or false). It doesn’t affect control flow, but helps modern processors to boost performance with branch prediction. + +Finally, note the **gotos**. They are often considered evil, however, the Linux kernel (and some other system software) employs them to implement centralised function exiting. This results in less deeply nested and more readable code, and is much like the **try-ctach** blocks used in higher-level languages. + +With **buffer_alloc()** and **buffer_free()** in place, the implementation of the **open** and **close** methods becomes pretty straightforward. + + static int reverse_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file) + { + int err = 0; + file->private_data = buffer_alloc(buffer_size); + ... + return err; + } + +**struct file** is a standard kernel data structure that stores information about an opened file, like current file position (**file->f_pos**), flags (**file->f_flags**), or open mode (**file->f_mode**). Another field, **file->private_data** is used to associate the file with some arbitrary data. Its type is void *, and it is opaque to the kernel outside the file’s owner. We store a buffer there. + +If the buffer allocation fails, we indicate this to the calling user space code by returning negative value (**-ENOMEM**). A C library doing **open(2)** system call (probably, **glibc**) will detect this and set **errno** appropriately. + +#### Learn to read and write #### + +“Read” and “write” methods are where the real job is done. When data is written to a buffer, we drop its previous contents and reverse the phrase in-place, without any temporary storage. The **read** method simply copies the data from the kernel buffer into the userspace. But what should the **reverse_read()** method do if there is no data in the buffer yet? In userspace, the **read()** call would block until the data is available. In the kernel, you must wait. Luckily, there is a mechanism for this, and it is called ‘wait queues’. + +The idea is simple. If a current process needs to wait for some event, its descriptor (a **struct task_struct** stored as ‘current’) is put into non-runnable (sleeping) state and added to a queue. Then **schedule()** is called to select another process to run. A code that generates the event uses the queue to wake up the waiters by putting them back to the **TASK_RUNNING** state. The scheduler will select one of them somewhere in the future. Linux has several non-runnable process states, most notably **TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE** (a sleep that can be interrupted with a signal) and **TASK_KILLABLE** (a sleeping process that can be killed). All of this should be handled correctly, and wait queues do this for you. + +A natural place to store our read wait queue head is struct buffer, so start with adding **wait_queue_head_t read_queue** field to it. You should also include **linux/sched.h**. A wait queue can be declared statically with DECLARE_WAITQUEUE() macro. In our case, dynamic initialisation is needed, so add this line to **buffer_alloc()**: + + init_waitqueue_head(&buf->read_queue); + +We wait for the data to be available; or for **read_ptr != end** condition to become true. We also want the wait to be interruptible (say, by Ctrl+C). So the “read” method should start like this: + + static ssize_t reverse_read(struct file *file, char __user * out, + size_t size, loff_t * off) + { + struct buffer *buf = file->private_data; + ssize_t result; + while (buf->read_ptr == buf->end) { + if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK) { + result = -EAGAIN; + goto out; + } + if (wait_event_interruptible + (buf->read_queue, buf->read_ptr != buf->end)) { + result = -ERESTARTSYS; + goto out; + } + } + ... + +We loop until the data is available and use **wait_event_interruptible()** (it’s a macro, not a function, that’s why the queue is passed by value) to wait if it isn’t. If **wait_event_interruptible()** is, well, interrupted, it returns a non-zero value, which we translate to **-ERESTARTSYS**. This code means the system call should be restarted. **file->f_flags** check accounts for files opened in non-blocking mode: if there is no data, we return **-EAGAIN**. + +We can’t use **if()** instead of **while()**, since there can be many processes waiting for the data. When the **write** method awakes them, the scheduler chooses the one to run in an unpredictable way, so by the time this code is given a chance to execute, the buffer can be empty again. Now we need to copy the data from **buf->data** to the userspace. The **copy_to_user()** kernel function does just that: + + size = min(size, (size_t) (buf->end - buf->read_ptr)); + if (copy_to_user(out, buf->read_ptr, size)) { + result = -EFAULT; + goto out; + } + +The call can fail if the user space pointer is wrong; if this happen, we return **-EFAULT**. Remember not to trust anything coming outside the kernel! + + buf->read_ptr += size; + result = size; + out: + return result; + } + +Simple arithmetic is needed so the data can be read in arbitrary chunks. The method returns the number of bytes read or an error code. + +The write method is simpler and shorter. First, we check that the buffer have enough space, then we use the **copy_from_userspace()** function to get the data. Then **read_ptr** and end pointers are reset and the buffer contents are reversed: + + buf->end = buf->data + size; + buf->read_ptr = buf->data; + if (buf->end > buf->data) + reverse_phrase(buf->data, buf->end - 1); + +Here, **reverse_phrase()** does all heavy lifting. It relies on the **reverse_word()** function, which is quite short and marked inline. This is another common optimisation; however, you shouldn’t overuse it, since aggressive inlining makes the kernel image unnecessarily large. + +Finally, we need to wake up processes waiting for the data at **read_queue**, as described earlier. **wake_up_interruptible()** does just that: + + wake_up_interruptible(&buf->read_queue); + +Phew! You now have a kernel module that at least compiles successfully. Now it’s time to test it. + +### Debugging kernel code ### + +> Perhaps the most common debugging method in the kernel is printing. You can use plain **printk()** (presumably with **KERN_DEBUG** log level) if you wish. However, there are better ways. Use **pr_debug()** or **dev_dbg()**, if you are writing a device driver that has its own “struct device”: they support the dynamic debug (**dyndbg**) feature and can be enabled or disabled on request (see **Documentation/dynamic-debug-howto.txt**). For pure development messages, use **pr_devel()**, which becomes a no-op unless DEBUG is defined. To enable DEBUG for our module, include: +> +> CFLAGS_reverse.o := -DDEBUG +> +> in the Makefile. After that, use **dmesg** to view debug messages generated by **pr_debug()** or **pr_devel()**. +> +> Alternatively, you can send debug messages directly to the console. To do this, either set the **console_loglevel** kernel variable to 8 or greater (**echo 8 /proc/sys/kernel/printk**) or temporarily print the debug message in question at the high log level like **KERN_ERR**. Naturally, you should remove debug statements of this kind before publishing your code. +> +> Note that kernel messages appear on the console, not in a terminal emulator window such as Xterm; that’s why you’ll find recommendations not to do kernel development in the X environment. + +### Surprise, surprise! ### + +Compile the module and load it into the kernel: + + $ make + $ sudo insmod reverse.ko buffer_size=2048 + $ lsmod + reverse 2419 0 + $ ls -l /dev/reverse + crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 10, 58 Feb 22 15:53 /dev/reverse + +Everything seems to be in place. Now, to test how the module works, we’ll write a small program that reverses its first command line argument. The **main()** function (sans error checking) may look like this: + + int fd = open("/dev/reverse", O_RDWR); + write(fd, argv[1], strlen(argv[1])); + read(fd, argv[1], strlen(argv[1])); + printf("Read: %s\n", argv[1]); + +Run it as: + + $ ./test 'A quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog' + Read: dog lazy the over jumped fox brown quick A + +It works! Play with it a little: try passing single-word or single-letter phrases, empty or non-English strings (if you have a keyboard layout set) and anything else. + +Now let’s make things a little trickier. We’ll create two processes that share the file descriptor (and hence the kernel buffer). One will continuously write strings to the device, and another will read them. The **fork(2)** system call is used in the example below, but pthreads will work as well. I also omitted the code that opens and closes the device and does the error checking (again): + + char *phrase = "A quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog"; + if (fork()) + /* Parent is the writer */ + while (1) + write(fd, phrase, len); + else + /* child is the reader */ + while (1) { + read(fd, buf, len); + printf("Read: %s\n", buf); + } + +What do you expect this program to output? Below is what I’ve got on my laptop: + + Read: dog lazy the over jumped fox brown quick A + Read: A kcicq brown fox jumped over the lazy dog + Read: A kciuq nworb xor jumped fox brown quick A + Read: A kciuq nworb xor jumped fox brown quick A + ... + +What’s going on here? It’s a race. We thought **read** and **write** were atomic, or executed one instruction at a time from the beginning till the end. However the kernel is a concurrent beast, and it can easily reschedule the process running the kernel-mode part of the **write** operation somewhere inside the **reverse_phrase()** function. If the process that does **read()** is scheduled before the writer is given a chance to finish, it will see the data in an inconsistent state. Such bugs are really hard to debug. But how to fix it? + +Basically, we need to ensure that no **read** method can be executed until the write method returns. If you ever programmed a multi-threaded application, you’ve probably seen synchronisation primitives (locks) like mutexes or semaphores. Linux has them as well, but there are nuances. Kernel code can run in the process context (working “on behalf” of the userspace code, as our methods do) and in the interrupt context (for example, in an IRQ handler). If you are in the process context and a lock you need has already been taken, you simply sleep and retry until you succeed. You can’t sleep in the interrupt context, so the code spins in a loop until the lock become available. The corresponding primitive is called a spinlock, but in our case, a simple mutex – an object that only one process can “hold” at the given time – is sufficient. A real-world code may also use a read-write semaphore, for performance reasons. + +Locks always protect some data (in our case, a “struct buffer” instance), and it is very common to embed them in a structure they are protecting. So we add a mutex (‘struct mutex lock’) into the “struct buffer”. We must also initialise the mutex with **mutex_init()**; **buffer_alloc()** is a good place for this. The code that uses mutexes must also include **linux/mutex.h**. + +A mutex is much like a traffic light – it’s useless unless drivers look at it and follow the signals. So we need to update **reverse_read()** and **reverse_write()** to acquire the mutex before doing anything to the buffer and release it when they are done. Let’s have a look at the **read** method – **write** works just the same way: + + static ssize_t reverse_read(struct file *file, char __user * out, + size_t size, loff_t * off) + { + struct buffer *buf = file->private_data; + ssize_t result; + if (mutex_lock_interruptible(&buf->lock)) { + result = -ERESTARTSYS; + goto out; + } + +We acquire the lock at the very beginning of the function. **mutex_lock_interruptible()** either grabs the mutex and returns or puts the process to sleep until the mutex is available. As before, the **_interruptible** suffix means the sleep can be interrupted with a signal. + + while (buf->read_ptr == buf->end) { + mutex_unlock(&buf->lock); + /* ... wait_event_interruptible() here ... */ + if (mutex_lock_interruptible(&buf->lock)) { + result = -ERESTARTSYS; + goto out; + } + } + +Below is our “wait for the data” loop. You should never sleep when holding a mutex, or a situation called a “deadlock” may occur. So, if there is no data, we release the mutex and call **wait_event_interruptible()**. When it returns, we reacquire the mutex and continue as usual: + + if (copy_to_user(out, buf->read_ptr, size)) { + result = -EFAULT; + goto out_unlock; + } + ... + out_unlock: + mutex_unlock(&buf->lock); + out: + return result; + +Finally, the mutex is unlocked when the function ends or if an error occurs while the mutex is being held. Recompile the module (don’t forget to reload it) and run the second test again. You should see no corrupted data now. + +### What’s next? ### + +Now you have a taste of kernel hacking. We’ve just scratched the surface of the topic, and there is much more to see. Our first module was intentionally simple, however the concepts you learned will stay the same in more complex scenarios as well. Concurrency, method tables, registering callbacks, putting processes to sleep and waking them up are things that every kernel hacker should be comfortable with, and now you’ve seen all of them in action. Maybe your kernel code will end up in the mainline Linux source tree some day – drop us a line if this happens! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.linuxvoice.com/be-a-kernel-hacker/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.libusb.org/ +[2]:http://fuse.sf.net/ +[3]:http://www.linuxvoice.com/be-a-kernel-hacker/www.netfilter.org/projects/libnetfilter_queue +[4]:http://lxr.free-electrons.com/ \ No newline at end of file From 7b201944650aab89531aad7725f5a84a859ba34c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Oolong Tea Date: Tue, 3 Jun 2014 19:00:06 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 416/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E4=B9=8C=E9=BE=99=E8=8C=B6=20back?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ndation to donate portion of membership fees to Code.org.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/20140603 Linux Foundation to donate portion of membership fees to Code.org.md b/sources/news/20140603 Linux Foundation to donate portion of membership fees to Code.org.md index 05a680a10c..08da1002ad 100644 --- a/sources/news/20140603 Linux Foundation to donate portion of membership fees to Code.org.md +++ b/sources/news/20140603 Linux Foundation to donate portion of membership fees to Code.org.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +乌龙茶 占坑 Linux Foundation to donate portion of membership fees to Code.org ================================================================================ ![](http://www.muktware.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Linux_Foundation_logo-360x109.png) @@ -24,4 +25,4 @@ via: http://www.muktware.com/2014/06/linux-foundation-donate-portion-membership- 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [1]:http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/announcements/2014/06/linux-foundations-biannual-membership-drive-kicks-portion-dues -[2]:https://www.linuxfoundation.org/about/join/individual \ No newline at end of file +[2]:https://www.linuxfoundation.org/about/join/individual From f9ad50576f749eab4345e96b3a71a3687ef3263b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Wed, 4 Jun 2014 00:34:52 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 417/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AStart=20Prac?= =?UTF-8?q?tising=20Linux=20ip=20command=20and=20Avoid=20the=20Habit=20of?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Using=20ifconfig?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @KayGuoWhu 明天发布~ --- ...d and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig.md | 25 ++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/Start Practising Linux ip command and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig.md (76%) diff --git a/translated/tech/Start Practising Linux ip command and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig.md b/published/Start Practising Linux ip command and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig.md similarity index 76% rename from translated/tech/Start Practising Linux ip command and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig.md rename to published/Start Practising Linux ip command and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig.md index e748fbd29e..9394ecd351 100644 --- a/translated/tech/Start Practising Linux ip command and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig.md +++ b/published/Start Practising Linux ip command and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ -开始练习Linux的ip命令，避免使用ifconfig的习惯 +试试Linux下的ip命令，ifconfig已经过时了 ================================================================================ -linux的**ip**命令和**ifconfig**类似，但前者功能更强大，并旨在取代后者。使用ip命令，只需一个命令，你就能很轻松地执行一些网络管理任务。ifconfig是网络工具中已被废弃使用的一个命令，许多年前就已经没有维护了。许多命令的功能被保留在iproute2套件里以提供更多特性。 +linux的**ip**命令和**ifconfig**类似，但前者功能更强大，并旨在取代后者。使用ip命令，只需一个命令，你就能很轻松地执行一些网络管理任务。ifconfig是net-tools中已被废弃使用的一个命令，许多年前就已经没有维护了。iproute2套件里提供了许多增强功能的命令，ip命令即是其中之一。 ![Net tools vs Iproute2](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Linux-Nettools-vs-Iproute2.png) -要安装ip，请下载**iproute2套装工具** [点击这里][1]。不过，大多数Linux发行版已经预装了iproute2工具。 +要安装ip，请[点击这里][1]下载**iproute2套装工具** 。不过，大多数Linux发行版已经预装了iproute2工具。 -你也可以使用git命令来下载源代码： +你也可以使用git命令来下载最新源代码来编译： $ git clone https://kernel.googlesource.com/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shemminger/iproute2.git @@ -34,15 +34,15 @@ linux的**ip**命令和**ifconfig**类似，但前者功能更强大，并旨在 ### 列出路由表条目 ### -ip路由对象的命令还可以帮助你查看网络中的路由数据包并设置你的路由表。第一个条目是默认的路由条目，你可以随意改动它。 +ip命令的路由对象的参数还可以帮助你查看网络中的路由数据，并设置你的路由表。第一个条目是默认的路由条目，你可以随意改动它。 -在这个例子中，有一些路由条目。这个结果显示有几个设备通过不同的网络接口连接起来。它们包括WIFI、以太网和一个点对点连接。 +在这个例子中，有几个路由条目。这个结果显示有几个设备通过不同的网络接口连接起来。它们包括WIFI、以太网和一个点对点连接。 $ ip route show ![ip route show](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-route-show.png) -假设现在你有一个IP地址，你需要知道路由包从哪里来。可以使用下面的路由选项： +假设现在你有一个IP地址，你需要知道路由包从哪里来。可以使用下面的路由选项（译注：列出了路由所使用的接口等）： $ ip route get 10.42.0.47 @@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ ip路由对象的命令还可以帮助你查看网络中的路由数据包并设 ![ip statistics all interfaces](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-statistics-all-interfaces.png) -当你需要获取一个特定网络接口的信息时，在网络接口名字后面添加选项**ls**即可。多次添加选项**-s**会给你这个特定接口更详细的信息。特别是在网络连接中排除故障时，这会非常有用。 +当你需要获取一个特定网络接口的信息时，在网络接口名字后面添加选项**ls**即可。使用多个选项**-s**会给你这个特定接口更详细的信息。特别是在排除网络连接故障时，这会非常有用。 $ ip -s -s link ls p2p1 @@ -76,9 +76,9 @@ ip路由对象的命令还可以帮助你查看网络中的路由数据包并设 ![ip neighbour](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ip-neighbour.png) -### 监控网络连接消息 ### +### 监控netlink消息 ### -也可以使用ip命令查看网络连接消息。monitor选项允许你查看网络设备的状态。比如，所在局域网的一台电脑根据它的状态可以被分类成REACHABLE或者STALE。使用下面的命令： +也可以使用ip命令查看netlink消息。monitor选项允许你查看网络设备的状态。比如，所在局域网的一台电脑根据它的状态可以被分类成REACHABLE或者STALE。使用下面的命令： $ ip monitor all @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ ip路由对象的命令还可以帮助你查看网络中的路由数据包并设 你可以使用ip命令的up和down选项来激某个特定的接口，就像ifconfig的用法一样。 -在这个例子中，当ppp0接口被激活和在它被停止和再次激活之后，你可以看到相应的路由表条目。这个接口可能是wlan0或者eth0.将ppp0更改为你可用的任意接口即可。 +在这个例子中，当ppp0接口被激活和在它被停止和再次激活之后，你可以看到相应的路由表条目。这个接口可能是wlan0或者eth0。将ppp0更改为你可用的任意接口即可。 $ sudo ip link set ppp0 down @@ -109,11 +109,12 @@ ip路由对象的命令还可以帮助你查看网络中的路由数据包并设 ### 小结 ### 对于网络管理员们和所有的Linux使用者们，ip命令是必备工具。是时候抛弃ifconfig命令了，特别是当你写脚本时。 + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/use-ip-command-linux/ -译者：[KayGuoWhu](https://github.com/KayGuoWhu) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[KayGuoWhu](https://github.com/KayGuoWhu) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 6af88652db4bcf5f74c35241baf0d54a350052d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Wed, 4 Jun 2014 00:41:08 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 418/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=BD=92=E6=A1=A3=20201405?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... 'Interview Questions and Answers' on Linux Shell Scripting.md | 0 .../16 commands to check hardware information on Linux.md | 0 .../20140507 Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md | 0 .../20140527 Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md | 0 published/{ => 201405}/20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md | 0 ...40528 Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md | 0 ...OME Online Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md | 0 .../5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md | 0 .../5 Ways To Check If Linux OS is 32 bit or 64 Bit.md | 0 ...o Vs. Raspberry Pi--Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md | 0 published/{ => 201405}/Atom Is Now Open Source.md | 0 .../Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md | 0 ...ock Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md | 0 published/{ => 201405}/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md | 0 .../{ => 201405}/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md | 0 ... A Raspberry Pi VPN Part One--How And Why To Build A Server.md | 0 ...aspberry Pi VPN Part Two--Creating An Encrypted Client Side.md | 0 .../Canonical's Ubuntu 14.04 focuses on the long haul.md | 0 ...e software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md | 0 .../Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md | 0 .../Daily Ubuntu Tips – Install NetBeans IDE 8.0 In Ubuntu.md | 0 ... Ubuntu Tips – Manually Install Oracle Java JDK 8 In Ubuntu.md | 0 ...-Automatically Backing Up Ubuntu 14.04 To Box Cloud Storage.md | 0 ...y Ubuntu Tips--Make Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty Tahr Perform Better.md | 0 ...ntu One Shuts Down, Switch To Dropbox Or Box Cloud Services.md | 0 .../Easy Arduino--Two Projects To Help You Get Started.md | 0 ...tech and use of Linux at the 2014 GPU Technology Conference.md | 0 published/{ => 201405}/File encryption with GNU Privacy Guard.md | 0 .../Fix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md | 0 .../Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released.md | 0 ...oogle Chrome's PDF Rendering Engine Released as Open Source.md | 0 .../How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md | 0 .../How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md | 0 .../How To Disable Unity .04 LTS And Older Versions.md | 0 .../How To Look Up Dictionary Definitions Via Terminal.md | 0 published/{ => 201405}/How To Play 3D Movies In Ubuntu.md | 0 ...w To Watch Netflix In Ubuntu 14.04 With Netflix Desktop App.md | 0 .../How to Add Beautiful Fonts to Any Linux Distribution.md | 0 .../How to Change Umask Value Permanently in Linux.md | 0 .../How to Dual Boot Android 4.4.2 and Ubuntu for Phones.md | 0 .../{ => 201405}/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md | 0 published/{ => 201405}/How to close an open DNS resolver.md | 0 .../How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md | 0 ...to manage your music library from the command line on Linux.md | 0 ...onitor a Linux server and desktop remotely from web browser.md | 0 .../How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md | 0 .../How to set up a secondary DNS server in CentOS.md | 0 published/{ => 201405}/How to speed read on Linux.md | 0 published/{ => 201405}/Improving The Linux Desktop.md | 0 .../Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md | 0 ...nstall Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md | 0 .../Install Terminator--Multiple GNOME terminals in one window.md | 0 ...ory Developer Switches to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md | 0 .../Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md | 0 ...inux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md | 0 .../Linux findmnt Command To Find Mounted Filesystems.md | 0 published/{ => 201405}/Linux or Unix--chroot Command Examples.md | 0 ...ative Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md | 0 .../New Unreal Tournament Game to Arrive on Linux for Free.md | 0 .../Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md | 0 .../{ => 201405}/OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md | 0 ...teps You Need to Take to Make Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Better.markdown | 0 ... Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md | 0 .../The Linux Foundation Delivers Complete 2014 Event Schedule.md | 0 published/{ => 201405}/The Linux Software Store Conundrum.md | 0 .../The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md | 0 .../{ => 201405}/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md | 0 .../Torvalds Is Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel.md | 0 ... Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md | 0 .../{ => 201405}/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Major Application Updates.md | 0 ...4 Server Brings Virtualization, Automation, Storage Updates.md | 0 ...10 (Utopic Unicorn) Daily Images Now Available for Download.md | 0 ...u 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md | 0 .../{ => 201405}/Ubuntu 14.10 to Be Called Utopic Unicorn.md | 0 .../Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md | 0 ...ftwares On Ubuntu 14.04 or 13.10 or 13.04 or 12.10 or 12.04.md | 0 ...buntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md | 0 ...eating Separate ‘Unity 8 Desktop’ Flavor to Aid Development.md | 0 .../Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md | 0 .../Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md | 0 .../Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md | 0 .../Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md | 0 ...tions you use for Linux killall Command -- I have 5 Options.md | 0 ...rience UI Concept Could Be the Most Beautiful Linux Desktop.md | 0 84 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename published/{ => 201405}/10 Useful 'Interview Questions and Answers' on Linux Shell Scripting.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/16 commands to check hardware information on Linux.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/20140507 Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/20140527 Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/20140528 Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/20140529 GNOME Online Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/5 Ways To Check If Linux OS is 32 bit or 64 Bit.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi--Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Atom Is Now Open Source.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/BattleBlock Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Building A Raspberry Pi VPN Part One--How And Why To Build A Server.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Building A Raspberry Pi VPN Part Two--Creating An Encrypted Client Side.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Canonical's Ubuntu 14.04 focuses on the long haul.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Install NetBeans IDE 8.0 In Ubuntu.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Manually Install Oracle Java JDK 8 In Ubuntu.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Automatically Backing Up Ubuntu 14.04 To Box Cloud Storage.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Make Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty Tahr Perform Better.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Ubuntu One Shuts Down, Switch To Dropbox Or Box Cloud Services.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Easy Arduino--Two Projects To Help You Get Started.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Embedded tech and use of Linux at the 2014 GPU Technology Conference.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/File encryption with GNU Privacy Guard.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Fix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Google Chrome's PDF Rendering Engine Released as Open Source.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/How To Disable Unity .04 LTS And Older Versions.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/How To Look Up Dictionary Definitions Via Terminal.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/How To Play 3D Movies In Ubuntu.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/How To Watch Netflix In Ubuntu 14.04 With Netflix Desktop App.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/How to Add Beautiful Fonts to Any Linux Distribution.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/How to Change Umask Value Permanently in Linux.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/How to Dual Boot Android 4.4.2 and Ubuntu for Phones.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/How to close an open DNS resolver.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/How to manage your music library from the command line on Linux.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/How to monitor a Linux server and desktop remotely from web browser.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/How to set up a secondary DNS server in CentOS.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/How to speed read on Linux.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Improving The Linux Desktop.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Install Terminator--Multiple GNOME terminals in one window.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Limit Theory Developer Switches to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Linux findmnt Command To Find Mounted Filesystems.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Linux or Unix--chroot Command Examples.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Native Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/New Unreal Tournament Game to Arrive on Linux for Free.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Six Steps You Need to Take to Make Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Better.markdown (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/The Linux Foundation Delivers Complete 2014 Event Schedule.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/The Linux Software Store Conundrum.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Torvalds Is Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Major Application Updates.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Ubuntu 14.04 Server Brings Virtualization, Automation, Storage Updates.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Daily Images Now Available for Download.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Ubuntu 14.10 to Be Called Utopic Unicorn.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Ubuntu After Install--Automate the Installation of all popular softwares On Ubuntu 14.04 or 13.10 or 13.04 or 12.10 or 12.04.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Ubuntu Devs Propose Creating Separate ‘Unity 8 Desktop’ Flavor to Aid Development.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/What Options you use for Linux killall Command -- I have 5 Options.md (100%) rename published/{ => 201405}/Xperience UI Concept Could Be the Most Beautiful Linux Desktop.md (100%) diff --git a/published/10 Useful 'Interview Questions and Answers' on Linux Shell Scripting.md b/published/201405/10 Useful 'Interview Questions and Answers' on Linux Shell Scripting.md similarity index 100% rename from published/10 Useful 'Interview Questions and Answers' on Linux Shell Scripting.md rename to published/201405/10 Useful 'Interview Questions and Answers' on Linux Shell Scripting.md diff --git a/published/16 commands to check hardware information on Linux.md b/published/201405/16 commands to check hardware information on Linux.md similarity index 100% rename from published/16 commands to check hardware information on Linux.md rename to published/201405/16 commands to check hardware information on Linux.md diff --git a/published/20140507 Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md b/published/201405/20140507 Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20140507 Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md rename to published/201405/20140507 Ubuntu Users Will No Longer Have a Cinnamon PPA.md diff --git a/published/20140527 Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md b/published/201405/20140527 Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20140527 Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md rename to published/201405/20140527 Apache Tomcat 7.0.54 Now Available for Download.md diff --git a/published/20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md b/published/201405/20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md rename to published/201405/20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md diff --git a/published/20140528 Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md b/published/201405/20140528 Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20140528 Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md rename to published/201405/20140528 Ubuntu on Surface Pro 3--not smooth yet but promising.md diff --git a/published/20140529 GNOME Online Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md b/published/201405/20140529 GNOME Online Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md similarity index 100% rename from published/20140529 GNOME Online Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md rename to published/201405/20140529 GNOME Online Accounts 3.13.2 Adds Support for Photos and Maps.md diff --git a/published/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md b/published/201405/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md similarity index 100% rename from published/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md rename to published/201405/5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects.md diff --git a/published/5 Ways To Check If Linux OS is 32 bit or 64 Bit.md b/published/201405/5 Ways To Check If Linux OS is 32 bit or 64 Bit.md similarity index 100% rename from published/5 Ways To Check If Linux OS is 32 bit or 64 Bit.md rename to published/201405/5 Ways To Check If Linux OS is 32 bit or 64 Bit.md diff --git a/published/Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi--Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md b/published/201405/Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi--Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi--Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md rename to published/201405/Arduino Vs. Raspberry Pi--Which Is The Right DIY Platform For You.md diff --git a/published/Atom Is Now Open Source.md b/published/201405/Atom Is Now Open Source.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Atom Is Now Open Source.md rename to published/201405/Atom Is Now Open Source.md diff --git a/published/Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md b/published/201405/Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md rename to published/201405/Aura-Powered Google Chrome Now Available on Linux.md diff --git a/published/BattleBlock Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md b/published/201405/BattleBlock Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md similarity index 100% rename from published/BattleBlock Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md rename to published/201405/BattleBlock Theater Now Rules the Steam for Linux Best-Selling List.md diff --git a/published/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md b/published/201405/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md rename to published/201405/Best Icon Themes For Ubuntu 14.04.md diff --git a/published/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md b/published/201405/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md rename to published/201405/Best Photo Applications For Ubuntu Linux.md diff --git a/published/Building A Raspberry Pi VPN Part One--How And Why To Build A Server.md b/published/201405/Building A Raspberry Pi VPN Part One--How And Why To Build A Server.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Building A Raspberry Pi VPN Part One--How And Why To Build A Server.md rename to published/201405/Building A Raspberry Pi VPN Part One--How And Why To Build A Server.md diff --git a/published/Building A Raspberry Pi VPN Part Two--Creating An Encrypted Client Side.md b/published/201405/Building A Raspberry Pi VPN Part Two--Creating An Encrypted Client Side.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Building A Raspberry Pi VPN Part Two--Creating An Encrypted Client Side.md rename to published/201405/Building A Raspberry Pi VPN Part Two--Creating An Encrypted Client Side.md diff --git a/published/Canonical's Ubuntu 14.04 focuses on the long haul.md b/published/201405/Canonical's Ubuntu 14.04 focuses on the long haul.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Canonical's Ubuntu 14.04 focuses on the long haul.md rename to published/201405/Canonical's Ubuntu 14.04 focuses on the long haul.md diff --git a/published/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md b/published/201405/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md rename to published/201405/Coverity scan report finds open source software quality outpaces proprietary code for first time.md diff --git a/published/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md b/published/201405/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md rename to published/201405/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Identify Folders By Colors In Ubuntu.md diff --git a/published/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Install NetBeans IDE 8.0 In Ubuntu.md b/published/201405/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Install NetBeans IDE 8.0 In Ubuntu.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Install NetBeans IDE 8.0 In Ubuntu.md rename to published/201405/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Install NetBeans IDE 8.0 In Ubuntu.md diff --git a/published/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Manually Install Oracle Java JDK 8 In Ubuntu.md b/published/201405/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Manually Install Oracle Java JDK 8 In Ubuntu.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Manually Install Oracle Java JDK 8 In Ubuntu.md rename to published/201405/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Manually Install Oracle Java JDK 8 In Ubuntu.md diff --git a/published/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Automatically Backing Up Ubuntu 14.04 To Box Cloud Storage.md b/published/201405/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Automatically Backing Up Ubuntu 14.04 To Box Cloud Storage.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Automatically Backing Up Ubuntu 14.04 To Box Cloud Storage.md rename to published/201405/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Automatically Backing Up Ubuntu 14.04 To Box Cloud Storage.md diff --git a/published/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Make Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty Tahr Perform Better.md b/published/201405/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Make Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty Tahr Perform Better.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Make Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty Tahr Perform Better.md rename to published/201405/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Make Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty Tahr Perform Better.md diff --git a/published/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Ubuntu One Shuts Down, Switch To Dropbox Or Box Cloud Services.md b/published/201405/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Ubuntu One Shuts Down, Switch To Dropbox Or Box Cloud Services.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Ubuntu One Shuts Down, Switch To Dropbox Or Box Cloud Services.md rename to published/201405/Daily Ubuntu Tips--Ubuntu One Shuts Down, Switch To Dropbox Or Box Cloud Services.md diff --git a/published/Easy Arduino--Two Projects To Help You Get Started.md b/published/201405/Easy Arduino--Two Projects To Help You Get Started.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Easy Arduino--Two Projects To Help You Get Started.md rename to published/201405/Easy Arduino--Two Projects To Help You Get Started.md diff --git a/published/Embedded tech and use of Linux at the 2014 GPU Technology Conference.md b/published/201405/Embedded tech and use of Linux at the 2014 GPU Technology Conference.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Embedded tech and use of Linux at the 2014 GPU Technology Conference.md rename to published/201405/Embedded tech and use of Linux at the 2014 GPU Technology Conference.md diff --git a/published/File encryption with GNU Privacy Guard.md b/published/201405/File encryption with GNU Privacy Guard.md similarity index 100% rename from published/File encryption with GNU Privacy Guard.md rename to published/201405/File encryption with GNU Privacy Guard.md diff --git a/published/Fix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md b/published/201405/Fix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md similarity index 100% rename from published/Fix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md rename to published/201405/Fix Unity Freezes After Login In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md diff --git a/published/Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released.md b/published/201405/Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released.md rename to published/201405/Git 1.9.3 Version Control System Officially Released.md diff --git a/published/Google Chrome's PDF Rendering Engine Released as Open Source.md b/published/201405/Google Chrome's PDF Rendering Engine Released as Open Source.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Google Chrome's PDF Rendering Engine Released as Open Source.md rename to published/201405/Google Chrome's PDF Rendering Engine Released as Open Source.md diff --git a/published/How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md b/published/201405/How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md similarity index 100% rename from published/How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md rename to published/201405/How To Create A Live USB Of Ubuntu 14.04 In Windows 7 & 8.md diff --git a/published/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md b/published/201405/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md similarity index 100% rename from published/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md rename to published/201405/How To Disable UEFI Secure Boot In Windows 8 & 8.1.md diff --git a/published/How To Disable Unity .04 LTS And Older Versions.md b/published/201405/How To Disable Unity .04 LTS And Older Versions.md similarity index 100% rename from published/How To Disable Unity .04 LTS And Older Versions.md rename to published/201405/How To Disable Unity .04 LTS And Older Versions.md diff --git a/published/How To Look Up Dictionary Definitions Via Terminal.md b/published/201405/How To Look Up Dictionary Definitions Via Terminal.md similarity index 100% rename from published/How To Look Up Dictionary Definitions Via Terminal.md rename to published/201405/How To Look Up Dictionary Definitions Via Terminal.md diff --git a/published/How To Play 3D Movies In Ubuntu.md b/published/201405/How To Play 3D Movies In Ubuntu.md similarity index 100% rename from published/How To Play 3D Movies In Ubuntu.md rename to published/201405/How To Play 3D Movies In Ubuntu.md diff --git a/published/How To Watch Netflix In Ubuntu 14.04 With Netflix Desktop App.md b/published/201405/How To Watch Netflix In Ubuntu 14.04 With Netflix Desktop App.md similarity index 100% rename from published/How To Watch Netflix In Ubuntu 14.04 With Netflix Desktop App.md rename to published/201405/How To Watch Netflix In Ubuntu 14.04 With Netflix Desktop App.md diff --git a/published/How to Add Beautiful Fonts to Any Linux Distribution.md b/published/201405/How to Add Beautiful Fonts to Any Linux Distribution.md similarity index 100% rename from published/How to Add Beautiful Fonts to Any Linux Distribution.md rename to published/201405/How to Add Beautiful Fonts to Any Linux Distribution.md diff --git a/published/How to Change Umask Value Permanently in Linux.md b/published/201405/How to Change Umask Value Permanently in Linux.md similarity index 100% rename from published/How to Change Umask Value Permanently in Linux.md rename to published/201405/How to Change Umask Value Permanently in Linux.md diff --git a/published/How to Dual Boot Android 4.4.2 and Ubuntu for Phones.md b/published/201405/How to Dual Boot Android 4.4.2 and Ubuntu for Phones.md similarity index 100% rename from published/How to Dual Boot Android 4.4.2 and Ubuntu for Phones.md rename to published/201405/How to Dual Boot Android 4.4.2 and Ubuntu for Phones.md diff --git a/published/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md b/published/201405/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md similarity index 100% rename from published/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md rename to published/201405/How to Upgrade to GNOME 3.12 in Ubuntu 14.04.md diff --git a/published/How to close an open DNS resolver.md b/published/201405/How to close an open DNS resolver.md similarity index 100% rename from published/How to close an open DNS resolver.md rename to published/201405/How to close an open DNS resolver.md diff --git a/published/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md b/published/201405/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md similarity index 100% rename from published/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md rename to published/201405/How to customize your Ubuntu desktop in 6 steps.md diff --git a/published/How to manage your music library from the command line on Linux.md b/published/201405/How to manage your music library from the command line on Linux.md similarity index 100% rename from published/How to manage your music library from the command line on Linux.md rename to published/201405/How to manage your music library from the command line on Linux.md diff --git a/published/How to monitor a Linux server and desktop remotely from web browser.md b/published/201405/How to monitor a Linux server and desktop remotely from web browser.md similarity index 100% rename from published/How to monitor a Linux server and desktop remotely from web browser.md rename to published/201405/How to monitor a Linux server and desktop remotely from web browser.md diff --git a/published/How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md b/published/201405/How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md similarity index 100% rename from published/How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md rename to published/201405/How to set up a primary DNS server using CentOS.md diff --git a/published/How to set up a secondary DNS server in CentOS.md b/published/201405/How to set up a secondary DNS server in CentOS.md similarity index 100% rename from published/How to set up a secondary DNS server in CentOS.md rename to published/201405/How to set up a secondary DNS server in CentOS.md diff --git a/published/How to speed read on Linux.md b/published/201405/How to speed read on Linux.md similarity index 100% rename from published/How to speed read on Linux.md rename to published/201405/How to speed read on Linux.md diff --git a/published/Improving The Linux Desktop.md b/published/201405/Improving The Linux Desktop.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Improving The Linux Desktop.md rename to published/201405/Improving The Linux Desktop.md diff --git a/published/Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md b/published/201405/Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md rename to published/201405/Install Spotify In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md diff --git a/published/Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md b/published/201405/Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md rename to published/201405/Install Sublime Text 3 (Build 3059) In Manjaro or Arch Linux.md diff --git a/published/Install Terminator--Multiple GNOME terminals in one window.md b/published/201405/Install Terminator--Multiple GNOME terminals in one window.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Install Terminator--Multiple GNOME terminals in one window.md rename to published/201405/Install Terminator--Multiple GNOME terminals in one window.md diff --git a/published/Limit Theory Developer Switches to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md b/published/201405/Limit Theory Developer Switches to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Limit Theory Developer Switches to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md rename to published/201405/Limit Theory Developer Switches to Linux Because Windows Is Annoying.md diff --git a/published/Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md b/published/201405/Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md rename to published/201405/Linux Mint Will Only Use Ubuntu LTS Releases from Now On.md diff --git a/published/Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md b/published/201405/Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md rename to published/201405/Linux World Domination and Steam Machines Delayed Until 2015.md diff --git a/published/Linux findmnt Command To Find Mounted Filesystems.md b/published/201405/Linux findmnt Command To Find Mounted Filesystems.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Linux findmnt Command To Find Mounted Filesystems.md rename to published/201405/Linux findmnt Command To Find Mounted Filesystems.md diff --git a/published/Linux or Unix--chroot Command Examples.md b/published/201405/Linux or Unix--chroot Command Examples.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Linux or Unix--chroot Command Examples.md rename to published/201405/Linux or Unix--chroot Command Examples.md diff --git a/published/Native Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md b/published/201405/Native Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Native Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md rename to published/201405/Native Spotify for Linux Client Updated With New Dark Design.md diff --git a/published/New Unreal Tournament Game to Arrive on Linux for Free.md b/published/201405/New Unreal Tournament Game to Arrive on Linux for Free.md similarity index 100% rename from published/New Unreal Tournament Game to Arrive on Linux for Free.md rename to published/201405/New Unreal Tournament Game to Arrive on Linux for Free.md diff --git a/published/Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md b/published/201405/Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md rename to published/201405/Next-Gen Linux Desktop LXQt Makes First Public Release.md diff --git a/published/OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md b/published/201405/OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md similarity index 100% rename from published/OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md rename to published/201405/OpenVPN Import Broken in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md diff --git a/published/Six Steps You Need to Take to Make Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Better.markdown b/published/201405/Six Steps You Need to Take to Make Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Better.markdown similarity index 100% rename from published/Six Steps You Need to Take to Make Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Better.markdown rename to published/201405/Six Steps You Need to Take to Make Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Better.markdown diff --git a/published/Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md b/published/201405/Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md rename to published/201405/Smallest OS for Raspberry Pi, piCore 5.3, Returns with Linux Kernel 3.14.4.md diff --git a/published/The Linux Foundation Delivers Complete 2014 Event Schedule.md b/published/201405/The Linux Foundation Delivers Complete 2014 Event Schedule.md similarity index 100% rename from published/The Linux Foundation Delivers Complete 2014 Event Schedule.md rename to published/201405/The Linux Foundation Delivers Complete 2014 Event Schedule.md diff --git a/published/The Linux Software Store Conundrum.md b/published/201405/The Linux Software Store Conundrum.md similarity index 100% rename from published/The Linux Software Store Conundrum.md rename to published/201405/The Linux Software Store Conundrum.md diff --git a/published/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md b/published/201405/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md similarity index 100% rename from published/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md rename to published/201405/The New Open Source StuntRally 2.3 Racing Game Looks Great.md diff --git a/published/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md b/published/201405/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md similarity index 100% rename from published/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md rename to published/201405/The Top 8 Open Source NoSQL Databases In Java.md diff --git a/published/Torvalds Is Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel.md b/published/201405/Torvalds Is Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Torvalds Is Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel.md rename to published/201405/Torvalds Is Unconvinced By LTO'ing A Linux Kernel.md diff --git a/published/Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md b/published/201405/Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md rename to published/201405/Turn Ubuntu and Debian Jessie into Windows 7 and Windows 8 with WinAte Theme Pack.md diff --git a/published/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Major Application Updates.md b/published/201405/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Major Application Updates.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Major Application Updates.md rename to published/201405/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Major Application Updates.md diff --git a/published/Ubuntu 14.04 Server Brings Virtualization, Automation, Storage Updates.md b/published/201405/Ubuntu 14.04 Server Brings Virtualization, Automation, Storage Updates.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Ubuntu 14.04 Server Brings Virtualization, Automation, Storage Updates.md rename to published/201405/Ubuntu 14.04 Server Brings Virtualization, Automation, Storage Updates.md diff --git a/published/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Daily Images Now Available for Download.md b/published/201405/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Daily Images Now Available for Download.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Daily Images Now Available for Download.md rename to published/201405/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Daily Images Now Available for Download.md diff --git a/published/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md b/published/201405/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md rename to published/201405/Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.15 RC5.md diff --git a/published/Ubuntu 14.10 to Be Called Utopic Unicorn.md b/published/201405/Ubuntu 14.10 to Be Called Utopic Unicorn.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Ubuntu 14.10 to Be Called Utopic Unicorn.md rename to published/201405/Ubuntu 14.10 to Be Called Utopic Unicorn.md diff --git a/published/Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md b/published/201405/Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md rename to published/201405/Ubuntu AIO DVD Puts All Ubuntu 14.04 Flavors In One Disk.md diff --git a/published/Ubuntu After Install--Automate the Installation of all popular softwares On Ubuntu 14.04 or 13.10 or 13.04 or 12.10 or 12.04.md b/published/201405/Ubuntu After Install--Automate the Installation of all popular softwares On Ubuntu 14.04 or 13.10 or 13.04 or 12.10 or 12.04.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Ubuntu After Install--Automate the Installation of all popular softwares On Ubuntu 14.04 or 13.10 or 13.04 or 12.10 or 12.04.md rename to published/201405/Ubuntu After Install--Automate the Installation of all popular softwares On Ubuntu 14.04 or 13.10 or 13.04 or 12.10 or 12.04.md diff --git a/published/Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md b/published/201405/Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md rename to published/201405/Ubuntu Developers Propose a New Flavor Based Only on Unity 8.md diff --git a/published/Ubuntu Devs Propose Creating Separate ‘Unity 8 Desktop’ Flavor to Aid Development.md b/published/201405/Ubuntu Devs Propose Creating Separate ‘Unity 8 Desktop’ Flavor to Aid Development.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Ubuntu Devs Propose Creating Separate ‘Unity 8 Desktop’ Flavor to Aid Development.md rename to published/201405/Ubuntu Devs Propose Creating Separate ‘Unity 8 Desktop’ Flavor to Aid Development.md diff --git a/published/Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md b/published/201405/Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md rename to published/201405/Ubuntu Fixes Security Flaw in 14.04 LTS Lock Screen.md diff --git a/published/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md b/published/201405/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md rename to published/201405/Ubuntu Is Now Running on World's Fastest Supercomputer.md diff --git a/published/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md b/published/201405/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md rename to published/201405/Ubuntu Touch and Android Dual Boot Installation.md diff --git a/published/Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md b/published/201405/Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md rename to published/201405/Webmin 1.690 Arrives with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Optimization.md diff --git a/published/What Options you use for Linux killall Command -- I have 5 Options.md b/published/201405/What Options you use for Linux killall Command -- I have 5 Options.md similarity index 100% rename from published/What Options you use for Linux killall Command -- I have 5 Options.md rename to published/201405/What Options you use for Linux killall Command -- I have 5 Options.md diff --git a/published/Xperience UI Concept Could Be the Most Beautiful Linux Desktop.md b/published/201405/Xperience UI Concept Could Be the Most Beautiful Linux Desktop.md similarity index 100% rename from published/Xperience UI Concept Could Be the Most Beautiful Linux Desktop.md rename to published/201405/Xperience UI Concept Could Be the Most Beautiful Linux Desktop.md From 53acde39b9ebbdaaa8fa55ec773ce80702c47624 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Wed, 4 Jun 2014 00:54:28 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 419/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9ATurn=20Off?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Bluetooth=20By=20Default=20In=20Ubuntu=2014.04=20[Quick=20Ti?= =?UTF-8?q?p]?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @alim0x --- ...ff Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md | 8 ++++---- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md (75%) diff --git a/translated/tech/Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md b/published/Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md similarity index 75% rename from translated/tech/Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md rename to published/Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md index a2b828550a..133ce762ed 100644 --- a/translated/tech/Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md +++ b/published/Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -在Ubuntu 14.04中默认关闭蓝牙[快速秘诀] +如何在Ubuntu 14.04中默认关闭蓝牙 ================================================================================ ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Bluetooth_Ubuntu.jpeg) @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ ### 在Ubuntu 14.04中默认关闭蓝牙： ### -打开一个终端并使用以下命令来安装[gksu][2]（如果你还没有安装它的话）。 +打开一个终端并使用以下命令来安装[gksu][2]（如果你还没有安装它的话）（译注：如果你已经有了gksu，那么可以使用它；如果还没有，也不想安装，那你使用sudo一样可以）。 sudo apt-get install gksu @@ -32,13 +32,13 @@ gksu是用来在以root权限运行程序时输入密码的程序。当你已经 这一小部分只是对我们做了什么进行简短的解释。您并不一定要阅读完这一部分。您可以直接跳到评论部分留下您的建议和感谢 :) -rc.local文件是用来记录在系统启动的时候运行的各种shell命令的。这些命令是用户定义的。在一个干净的安装中，rc.local文件中没有任何命令。我们做的就是在这里面加入命令 **rfkill block bluetooth**。[rfkill][3]是一个用来查询各种开关，按钮和底层系统接口状态的工具。我们在rc.local中使用这个命令来在每次启动的时候软关闭（译注：与其对应的是硬关闭，指通过硬件开关来关闭）蓝牙。我希望这些能把原理解释的清楚一点。 +rc.local文件是用来记录在系统启动的时候运行的各种shell命令的。这些命令是用户定义的。在一个新的安装中，rc.local文件中没有任何命令。我们做的就是在这里面加入命令 **rfkill block bluetooth**。[rfkill][3]是一个用来查询各种开关，按钮和底层系统接口状态的工具。我们在rc.local中使用这个命令来在每次启动的时候软关闭（译注：与其对应的是硬关闭，指通过硬件开关来关闭）蓝牙。我希望这些能把原理解释的清楚一点。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://itsfoss.com/turn-off-bluetooth-by-default-in-ubuntu-14-04/ -译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 02e3676cbb49b4ca46da863af201fe1616afafab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jiajia <1534574360@qq.com> Date: Wed, 4 Jun 2014 08:42:24 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 420/601] Update and rename sources/talk/Open Source's Cult Of Personality Is Dying--Thankfully.md to translated/talk/Open Source's Cult Of Personality Is Dying--Thankfully.md --- ...ult Of Personality Is Dying--Thankfully.md | 57 ------------------- ...ult Of Personality Is Dying--Thankfully.md | 57 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 57 insertions(+), 57 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/talk/Open Source's Cult Of Personality Is Dying--Thankfully.md create mode 100644 translated/talk/Open Source's Cult Of Personality Is Dying--Thankfully.md diff --git a/sources/talk/Open Source's Cult Of Personality Is Dying--Thankfully.md b/sources/talk/Open Source's Cult Of Personality Is Dying--Thankfully.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9779aeba3d..0000000000 --- a/sources/talk/Open Source's Cult Of Personality Is Dying--Thankfully.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,57 +0,0 @@ -[小冰在此] -Open Source's Cult Of Personality Is Dying—Thankfully -================================================================================ -Roy Rubin, co-founder of the popular [Magento][1] open-source project, [announced this week][2] he is bowing out of the project he helped launch back in 2008. - -![](url("http://readwrite.com/files/styles/1400_0/public/fields/richardstallman_0.jpg")) - -It's not the first time the leader of an open-source project has stepped away from her project, but it's remarkable by its response: Relative silence. - -It's not because Rubin wasn't critical to Magento. He was. For six years, Rubin was the soul of Magento. But open source has grown up, and it's increasingly shedding its cult of personality. While no one wishes Linux founder Linus Torvalds gets hit by a bus, we're to the point that we, [like Linus][3], "won't care." - -But it wasn't always this way. - -### Worshipping The Benevolent Dictator ### - -Successful open-source projects have long been associated with strong leaders, and for good reason. Influencing a vibrant community of individually-minded developers can be the equivalent of herding cats. While differences of opinion on the direction a particular open-source project can turn into a parting of ways (and code, called a "fork"), more often than not a "benevolent dictator for life," or project leader, will step in, exert leadership and keep the community together. - -The term "benevolent dictator for life" (BDFL) [may have started with Guido von Rossum][4], the former Python development lead. It has since been applied to Linus Torvalds, the creator of Linux, as well as Mark Shuttleworth, Ubuntu's lead, among others. Sometimes two leaders on a project share the title, as did Adrian Holovaty and Jacob Kaplan-Moss for [Django][5]. - -At their peak, the departure of any one of these leads would have wreaked havoc on the fortunes of the project, given how closely identified the projects were with these strong leaders. Over time, however, this has changed. The Django BDFLs [moved on to other projects][6], and Django kept chugging along. Ditto Python, Lucene (Doug Cutting), JBoss (Marc Fleury) and many other projects. - -While open source communities still rally around strong leaders, we don't seem to be as dependent on them as we once were. Open source's "cult of personality" faded, and perhaps has died altogether. But what happened? - -### Apache And The Rise Of Community ### - -Well, community did, for starters. I realize I'm making a somewhat subjective assertion here, but over the roughly 15 years I've been involved in open source, I've seen a gradual shift away from tightly-controlled free software projects to more loosely joined open-source communities, often with significant corporate interest. - -While it's not clear whether the open, BSD/Apache-style licensing "chicken" came before the corporate open source interest "egg," the two together have definitely changed how open source operates. - -This includes the need for a BDFL. For example, and while it's not a project, it's hard to imagine Free GNU without Richard Stallman. By contrast, it's pretty easy to imagine Apache Hadoop without... wait, who is in charge of Hadoop, anyway? - -The answer? Everyone. Or [many][7], rather. It started with Doug Cutting, but it has since grown to become a community of companies and individuals (but mostly companies that employ those individuals) working together. - -The same is true of OpenStack, which has a [host of companies involved][8]. If any particular OpenStack developer were to leave, the OpenStack show would go on. And it has thus far. The same is true of an increasing number of open-source projects. - -### A BDFL-Free Future? ### - -This isn't to suggest that leaders aren't needed in open source. They are. But as more open-source projects become communities of corporations, the risk of a BDFL leaving diminishes. Frankly, even if companies aren't heavily involved, projects with an Apache license may not be as dependent on a BDFL, anyway. - -Photo of Richard Stallman [courtesy of Friprog on Flickr][9] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://readwrite.com/2014/05/02/open-source-magento-roy-rubin-bdfl#feed=/hack&awesm=~oDgSTEdnXAjUv0 - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://magento.com/ -[2]:http://magento.com/blog/magento-news/note-roy-and-mark#.U2JhPK1dVii -[3]:http://www.serverwatch.com/server-news/if-linus-torvalds-got-hit-by-a-bus-would-linux-die.html -[4]:http://www.artima.com/weblogs/viewpost.jsp?thread=235725 -[5]:https://www.djangoproject.com/ -[6]:http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/01/on-the-reign-of-benevolent-dictators-for-life-in-software/283139/ -[7]:http://hadoop.apache.org/who.html -[8]:http://activity.openstack.org/dash/releases/ -[9]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/friprog/ diff --git a/translated/talk/Open Source's Cult Of Personality Is Dying--Thankfully.md b/translated/talk/Open Source's Cult Of Personality Is Dying--Thankfully.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5e6cdf2813 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/talk/Open Source's Cult Of Personality Is Dying--Thankfully.md @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +谢天谢地，开源软件中的个人崇拜正在消亡！ +================================================================================ +Roy Rubin这位流行的电子商务开源项目[Magento][1]的联合创始人，从这一2008年启动的项目中功成身退后在[这周说出了][2]上面这样的话语。 + +![](url("http://readwrite.com/files/styles/1400_0/public/fields/richardstallman_0.jpg")) + +这已经不是第一次一个开源项目的领导者出走项目了，但值得注意的是对于它的回应是：相对的沉默。 + +但是开源软件一直在成长，它一直在削弱个人对其的影响。当然没人希望linux的创始人Linus Torvalds不小心被车撞了，在这点上我们是[爱他][3]的，但是另外一方面其实我们并不太在意。 + + +But it wasn't always this way. + +### 崇拜仁慈的独裁者！ ### + +在好的一面，成功的开源项目一直以来都和伟大的领导者密不可分。对一个充满活力又有独立思想的一个开发团体施加影响，必定是众口难调的事情。在一个专门的开源项目当中不同的观点会产生各种不同的方法途径（在代码层上，管它叫做“分支“），通常这时候项目的领导者，一个“生活中并不仁慈的独裁者”，将会介入，施展自己的领导才能让开发人员团结在一起。 + +“生活中仁慈的独裁者BDFL”这个词[可能第一个开始于Python项目的领导者Guido von Rossum][4]。它现在也被用到了linux的发明人Linus Torvalds身上，当然Ubuntu的领导者还有其他的人也被用到这个词上。有时候会是两个人，比如[Django][5]项目的Adrian Holovaty和Kaplan-Moss。 + +在他们这点上，他们之间的分歧会对未来的项目产生灾难性的影响，展现出这些伟大领导者与项目之间紧密的关联。但是，有时候，它会发生变化。Django的领导者[去了其他的项目][6]，但是Django依然不断前行着，Ditto Python，Lucene（领导者Doug Cutting），Jboss（领导者Marc Fleury）和其他很多的项目也是。 + +现在开源软件研发的团体依然围绕着伟大的领导者，我们看起来并不是独立的，但是我们的确是。开源软件的“个人崇拜”正在褪色，也有可能已经消亡了，但是接下来怎么办呢？ + +### Apache和开源社区的兴起 ### + +社区对于初学者来说，我意识到我在做出一些自以为是的论调，但是根据我在开源项目15年的经验来说，我观察到开源软件项目从非常严格的控制阶段缓慢的转向了松散的开源团体，他们经常是因为兴趣才互相合作的。 + +当然并不清楚是先有open BSD/Apache风格的“鸡”还是后有开源软件相互合作的“蛋”，两者之间很明显的改变了开源软件的运作模式。 + +当然还是需要“生活中仁慈的独裁者”，只是它不是一个项目比如GNU如果没有了Richard Stallman真的难以想象。相反的，很容易想象Apache Hadoop这样如果没有谁的领导，但是好像Hadoop真的没有人领导… + +如果真的要说答案的话，那就是这里每个人或者[许多人][7]。当然它由Doug Cutting启动，但是它已经发展成了一个独立并合作的团体（大多数成员在独立的公司工作）在一起工作。 + +OpenStack与之类似，[有很多的成员][8]，如果某一个Openstack的开发者离开了，Openstack依然能够继续。因此，对于一个成员正在增加的开源项目来说，这种类似是确信无疑的。 + +### 一个“仁慈独裁者”并不存在的未来吗？ ### + +并不是说在以后的开源项目中不需要领导者。需要，但是越来越多的开源项目转为团体之间的合作，失去他们的风险消失了。坦白的说，即使那么多人没有深入的参入进来，如果没有Apache的授权很多项目没有了“生活中的独裁者”是根本不可能独立起来的。 + +Photo of Richard Stallman [courtesy of Friprog on Flickr][9] +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://readwrite.com/2014/05/02/open-source-magento-roy-rubin-bdfl#feed=/hack&awesm=~oDgSTEdnXAjUv0 + +译者：[jiajia9linuxer](https://github.com/jiajia9linuxer) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://magento.com/ +[2]:http://magento.com/blog/magento-news/note-roy-and-mark#.U2JhPK1dVii +[3]:http://www.serverwatch.com/server-news/if-linus-torvalds-got-hit-by-a-bus-would-linux-die.html +[4]:http://www.artima.com/weblogs/viewpost.jsp?thread=235725 +[5]:https://www.djangoproject.com/ +[6]:http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/01/on-the-reign-of-benevolent-dictators-for-life-in-software/283139/ +[7]:http://hadoop.apache.org/who.html +[8]:http://activity.openstack.org/dash/releases/ +[9]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/friprog/ From aa19060431674abd2cfa487008e0265162b0cd6d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jiajia <1534574360@qq.com> Date: Wed, 4 Jun 2014 08:51:06 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 421/601] Update Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md --- ...Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md | 35 ++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md b/sources/talk/Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md index 8b66085b04..153807c6c1 100644 --- a/sources/talk/Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md +++ b/sources/talk/Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md @@ -1,32 +1,33 @@ -[小冰在此] -Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews -================================================================================ +回顾Redhat 7和PclinuxOS 2014.05支持者的秘密 +==================== ![](http://www.tuxmachines.org/images/redhatlogo.png) -Today in Linux news Katherine Noyes scoured Linuxdom to find "Linux Pros' top command line secrets," if there's really such a thing argues one blogger. In other news, Jesse Smith reviewed new Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Release Candidate and Jamie Watson reviewed quietly released PCLinuxOS 2014.05. +今天Katherine Noyes 宣称自己找到了“linux支持者们命令行中最大的秘密”，但是有位博主却怀疑是否真的有这种说法。其他的消息有Jesse Smith对RHEL 7候选版本和Jamie Watson对新发布的PCLinuxOS 2014.05的一些评论 +。 +Katherine Noyes写道：“没有比在安静的周末去酒吧闲聊消磨时间更好的事了，当然上周也是这样做的”。他这样的说法引起了争论，Robert Pogson却说道：“命令行的秘密？根本就没有这样的事情”。是否还有新的东西[等待着你呢][1]？ -Katherine Noyes writes, "there's nothing like a little shop talk around the bar to pass the time during a quiet week, and last week afforded a dose of that as well." It was a post at the Linux Voice that got the ball rolling but one Robert Pogson is quoted as saying, "Command-line secrets? There aren't any such things." See if there's anything new [for you there][1]. +在今天的Distrowatch杂志上，Jesse Smith尝试了一下RHEL 7桌面候选版本。在安装上，“从RHEL安装介质启动到一个图形化的系统安装界面，RHEl用了和最近发布的Fedora一样的新的Anaconda安装方式。就我个人来说新的安装方式是一种倒退”他说道。从那儿就有点让人留意，他猜测在桌面版本上那就是大家想要的吧。Smith说他希望有一种图形化的软件包管理工具因为用户只能在命令行下使用YUM源，只能标准的从库里使用。随后GNOME桌面彻底的打垮KDE桌面，有些困惑但是他非常喜欢新配置的防火墙。请看的的[详细报告][2]。 -**In today's** Distrowatch Weekly, Jesse Smith takes RHEL 7 Workstation RC for a test drive. Of the installer he said, "Booting from the RHEL media brought up a graphical system installer. RHEL uses the same new Anaconda installer Fedora has been using in recent releases. Personally, I feel as though the new installer is a step backward." From there was little remarkable, although that's what you want in a workstation I suppose. Smith said he wished there was a graphical package manager because users only have YUM at the commandline and there's only the standard fare in the default stack. Later GNOME shell kept crashing upon KDE login... puzzling but he quite liked the new firewall configuration. See his [full report][2] here. -**Over at** ZDNet.com, Jamie Watson reviewed recently released PCLinuxOS 2014.05. He said: +**在**ZDNet.com上，Jamie Watson对新发布的PCLinuxOS 2014.05发表了自己的看法。他说道： -> It is an interesting concept, as you might assume from the name it includes a lot of packages, applications and drivers which are not in the standard distribution. The really interesting bit, though, is the activity-focused virtual desktop configuration. The intention is to make using PCLinuxOS easy and fun, by providing the following desktops, each with its own specific wallpaper: -> -> Internet — browser, email, chat, IM -> Work — Office, kile, scribus -> Play — games -> Multimedia — music, video, editing and composing -> Graphics and Images — scan, edit, draw -> Administration — System management tasks +> 这是个有趣的观点，你可能从它的名字当中想到它包含了很多软件，补丁，驱动在非标准的分支中。最有趣的一点是，基于活动状态对虚拟桌面的配置。这种趋势使PCLinuxOS使用起来既有趣又简单，通过提供一下的桌面环境，个性化的图标:” +> 互联网包括：浏览器，邮件，聊天工具 +> 工作包括：office、kile、scribus +> 娱乐包括：游戏 +> 多媒体包括：音乐，视频的编辑和创作 +> 图片：浏览，编辑和创作 +> 管理包括：系统管理任务 -"PCLinuxOS still uses the same installer they have had for as long as I can remember, which was originally derived from the Mandriva/Mandrake installer," observed Watson. He said it ships with a modern kernel, up-to-date software, and well behaved desktops. [He concludes][3], " this new PCLinuxOS release is very nice." Additionally, [Watson testdrove][4] Ubuntu, Debian, and LMDE last week as well. + + +“PCLinuxOS始终使用原来的安装方式，它来自于Mandriva/Mandrake安装方式”Watson提到。它还带来了新的内核，最新的软件，和多样化互动的界面。[他总结道][3]：“这个新发布的PcLinuxOS版本很不错”。另外Watson在几周前也测试过了Ubuntu、Debian和LMDE。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://ostatic.com/blog/pros-secrets-and-red-hat-7-and-pclinuxos-2014-05-reviews -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[jiajia9linuxer](https://github.com/jiajia9linuxer) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 687a657f7baceb9e66fb041080a4973f55b40445 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jiajia <1534574360@qq.com> Date: Wed, 4 Jun 2014 08:51:43 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 422/601] Update Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md --- ...' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md | 6 ++++++ 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+) diff --git a/sources/talk/Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md b/sources/talk/Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md index 153807c6c1..9d190437b8 100644 --- a/sources/talk/Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md +++ b/sources/talk/Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md @@ -12,11 +12,17 @@ Katherine Noyes写道：“没有比在安静的周末去酒吧闲聊消磨时 **在**ZDNet.com上，Jamie Watson对新发布的PCLinuxOS 2014.05发表了自己的看法。他说道： > 这是个有趣的观点，你可能从它的名字当中想到它包含了很多软件，补丁，驱动在非标准的分支中。最有趣的一点是，基于活动状态对虚拟桌面的配置。这种趋势使PCLinuxOS使用起来既有趣又简单，通过提供一下的桌面环境，个性化的图标:” + > 互联网包括：浏览器，邮件，聊天工具 + > 工作包括：office、kile、scribus + > 娱乐包括：游戏 + > 多媒体包括：音乐，视频的编辑和创作 + > 图片：浏览，编辑和创作 + > 管理包括：系统管理任务 From 19a45a328b43b11a6d14197679489cce72828d93 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jiajia <1534574360@qq.com> Date: Wed, 4 Jun 2014 09:03:55 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 423/601] Update The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned.md --- ...e Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned.md | 48 ++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned.md b/sources/talk/The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned.md index b924d67b98..9810a8e258 100644 --- a/sources/talk/The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned.md +++ b/sources/talk/The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned.md @@ -1,55 +1,57 @@ -[小冰在此] -The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned +开源女巫狩猎归来！ ================================================================================ ![](http://readwrite.com/files/styles/1400_0/public/fields/shutterstock-open-gate.jpg) -> The open source community has been turning on itself lately, just like the good old days. +> 开源软件社区已经做出了改变，就像之前的美好时光。 -Open source has gone soft. We used to pass the time with hangings of the ideologically impure, but of late we've had this weird obsession with sharing code and innovation. +开源软件已经变的温和了，之前我们有的那些不纯洁的想法，可是随后我们却奇怪的和别人分享自己的代码与创作。 -Fortunately, this streak of pragmatism was bound to end. In the past few weeks, we've picketed Mozilla for supporting DRM and pilloried Red Hat for competing against OpenStack rivals. The community that once spent years counting the number of free software angels that were bumped off the [Open Core][1] pin is back to eating its own. +幸运的是，这种务实主义要结束了。在过去的几周当中，我们团结在Mozilla身边支持DRM版权保护以及嘲笑Red Hat和OpenStack之间的竞争。社区那些年如数家珍的开源软件明星和[Open Core][1]产生了冲突而被反噬了. -And oh, how we missed it! +多么怀念啊。 -### Red Hat Rewinds To 2003 ### -Red Hat, arguably the poster child for open source idealism, has come under fire in the past week for—wait for it!—refusing to support its competitors. ReadWrite's Jodi Mardesich [does an excellent job uncovering][2] the accusations and Red Hat's labored defense, but ultimately, the real issue is this: +### 2003年的Red Hat ### -Red Hat doesn't want to support competitors, and its OpenStack competitors don't like that much. +Red Hat，开源软件理想主义的典范，在几周前拒绝支持它的竞争对手。Jodi Mardesich做了[非凡的工作][2]却受到了指控以及Red Hat的回击。但是真实情况是: -In what other universe would this even be news? +Red Hat不想支持它的竞争对手OpenStack -### Mozilla Becomes A Mudblood ### +在另外一边这难道算是新闻吗？ -The problem for Red Hat is that it has such a strong track record of open source idealism that it's an easy target if it looks like it's coloring outside the lines. But Mozilla, if anything, offers an even bigger target. -Mozilla, for its part, committed the cardinal sin of serving its users. The organization that recently went through a bout of self-immolation over its ousted CEO's politics has been called on the carpet for agreeing to embed DRM technology in the otherwise pure Firefox browser code so that its users can—gasp!—watch videos on the Web. +### Mozilla变成了麻瓜 ### -No, really. People want to watch videos and Mozilla prefers they watch those videos in its browser. Stop the presses! +Red Hat作为开源软件理想主义的典范代表很容易成为各种带颜色攻击的目标，Mozilla其实是更大的一个目标。 -Ever ready to make much of others' ideological failings, the Free Software Foundation [blasted Mozilla][3], expressing its "deep disappoint[ment]" in Mozilla because its "decision compromises important principles in order to alleviate misguided fears about loss of browser market share." +Mozilla承诺为用户服务的罪过，它最近进行了一场自我牺牲似的行动违背CEO的策略同意加入DRM的技术，即纯Firefox浏览器源码可以使用户观看视频。 -After all, why should Mozilla bother with such silly things as, you know, actually being useful to customers? +人们想看视频，Mozilla倾向于在它的浏览器中观看。 -Not to be outdone in the moralizing department, the [Electronic Frontier Foundation tsktsk's the decision][4], lamenting that "the last holdout for the open web has fallen." It goes on to argue that Mozilla's capitulation "changes the industry by accepting DRM" because such "repeated compromises to the needs of DRM advocates by tech company after tech company [are] transforming [the personal computer industry] into a sector that is dominated by established interests and produces locked-down devices, monitored and managed by everyone but their users." +最新消息，这一次失败，开源软件组织[批评了][3] Mozilla，深切表达了自己对于Mozilla的失望，因为这种决定妥协的态度会导致浏览器份额的降低。 -Well, maybe. Or maybe, as Mozilla chair [Mitchell Baker explains][5] without such capitulation "Firefox users would need to use another browser every time they want to watch a controlled video, and that calls into question the usefulness of Firefox as a product." +但是，Mozilla为什么要做这样的傻事呢，为了用户，你懂的。 + +说教部门不甘示弱，[电子前沿基金会感叹][4]到开放网络最后的抗争已经失败了。它对Mozilla失败的做法争论道：“接受DRM会改变这个行业”！DRM的倡导者一再妥协，一个公司又一个公司(PC行业)演变成一个行业，它通过锁定装置，监视器，接受每一个人的管理建立自己的利益关系。 + +[Mitchell Bake解释道][5]，Mozilla可能并没有投降：“Firefox用户会需要使用另外的浏览器来观看他们自己想看的视频，这让人怀疑Firfox做一一个产品是否真的有用”。 Um, yes. -### A Return To Our Ideological Roots ### +### 回到我们的思想源头 ### -However much we may want to force others to live by our absolutist ideals, the reality is that others may have different priorities. As free software gave way to open source, its more pragmatic cousin, a fixed fetish on "the one true way" to license software, also withered. +However much we may want to force others to live by our absolutist ideals, the reality is that others may have different 我们或许很专制的意图其他的东西活着，事实上他们却有着不同的优先度。免费的软件让步给开源软件，更加严格，更加固定“正确的方式”去获得授权。 -And yet, such ideological handwringing is useful, if not always convenient or pleasant. As much as I prefer the pragmatism of open source/Apache Software Foundation crowd, there's great benefit in the grating reminders of what's at stake from the more ideologically minded free software/GPL group. Software freedom actually does matter. +这种意识在目前还是有用的，但它并不总是方便和愉悦。我崇尚开源软件的实用主义，Apache软件基金会，这样有很大的好处提醒GPL组织在意识形态上的危机感。软件自由真的很重要。 + +这么多悲观的言论，我自己也感到了恐惧，希望回到一个不断会自我鞭策的免费的开软软件的组织。这使开源软件协作变少而且更难驾驭，但是会变得更有力而且关乎未来。 -As such, and despite my sarcastic tone above, I simultaneously dread and welcome a return to the constant self-flagellation of the free and open-source software communities. It makes open source less collaborative and more fractious, but it may also make it more powerful and relevant for decades to come. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://readwrite.com/2014/05/21/open-source-witch-hunt-mozilla-openstack-redhat#feed=/hack&awesm=~oEYDhxfP0Qv5hE -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[jiajia9linuxer](https://github.com/jiajia9linuxer) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From cbdd9586bd5c3dcb74d62122e9979ff1f9f71d27 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jiajia <1534574360@qq.com> Date: Wed, 4 Jun 2014 09:07:10 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 424/601] Rename sources/talk/Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md to translated/talk/Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md --- .../Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename {sources => translated}/talk/Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md (100%) diff --git a/sources/talk/Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md b/translated/talk/Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md similarity index 100% rename from sources/talk/Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md rename to translated/talk/Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md From 416945e9ef0ff279c6158aa3bf2c8a8e6ce929a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jiajia <1534574360@qq.com> Date: Wed, 4 Jun 2014 09:07:59 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 425/601] Rename sources/talk/The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned.md to translated/talk/The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned.md --- .../talk/The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned.md | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename {sources => translated}/talk/The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned.md (100%) diff --git a/sources/talk/The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned.md b/translated/talk/The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned.md similarity index 100% rename from sources/talk/The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned.md rename to translated/talk/The Open Source Witch Hunts Have Returned.md From fbe18d38f24867869ab27c86b18bb9b76a41e46b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Wed, 4 Jun 2014 09:33:48 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 426/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140604-1=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- sources/tech/20140604 Command line secrets.md | 39 +++ ...ual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md | 227 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 266 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140604 Command line secrets.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20140604 Command line secrets.md b/sources/tech/20140604 Command line secrets.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6a45adde59 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140604 Command line secrets.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +Command line secrets +================================================================================ +There are loads of really good reasons to use the command line. It’s the most powerful and concise method of interacting with your computer, as we show in [issue 3 of Linux Voice][1]. However, we decided to take a moment to look at some of its more obscure (and some would say pointless) uses. + +### Browsing the web ### + +Firefox and Chromium are both great browsers, but have you ever thought they’re a little too graphical? No? Well take a look at the video below where we take the elinks web browser out for a spin around hacker news. It might not be as colourful as its more famous rivals, but it manages to render most web pages. + + + +As well has having geek-chic, it can come in handy when you just need to quickly check if a web page is accessible from a computer you only have SSH access to. + +### Looking up definitions on Wikipedia ### + +Yes, we’ve already covered using the web, but the web isn’t the only way of accessing information on Wikipedia. David Leadbeater has set up a DNS server that holds extracts from Wikipedia in DNS entries. This lets you grab information using command line tools such as dig. + + + +### Watch movies ### + +Who needs Netflix or YouTube when you can watch Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope directly in your terminal by telneting into towel.blinkenlights.nl + + + +### Play games ### + +There were plenty of games for Linux before Steam came along, and many of them didn’t need any fancy graphics. NetHack, Robots and Greed are just a few examples. Here’s a peek at Moon Buggy. + + + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.linuxvoice.com/commandline-secrets/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.linuxvoice.com/issue-3-is-out/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/20140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md b/sources/tech/20140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9d9141729c --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md @@ -0,0 +1,227 @@ +Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS +================================================================================ +**Virtual Hosts** are used to setup more than one domain or websites using a single IP address. This is very useful if anybody wants to run multiple websites using a single IP address on single VPS. + +In this tutorial, let me show how to setup virtual hosts in Apache web server on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. Be mindful that this tutorial is only tested On Ubuntu 14.04 32bit edition. I may not issue any assurance that this will work on all other Ubuntu lower versions and Ubuntu derivatives. + +### Scenario ### + +For this tutorial, I will be using Ubuntu 14.04 32bit LTS, and I am going to host two testing websites called “**unixmen1.local**” and “**unixmen2.local**”. My test box IP address and hostname are **192.168.1.250/24** and **server.unixmen.local** respectively. Change the virtual domain names as per your requirement. + +### Install Apache Webserver ### + +Prior to install apache server, let us update our Ubuntu server: + + sudo apt-get update + +Now, install apache web server using the following command: + + sudo apt-get install apache2 + +After installing apache server, let us test whether the webserver is working properly or not by navigating to the URL **http://ip-address/**. + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Apache2-Ubuntu-Default-Page-It-works-Mozilla-Firefox_001.png) + +As you see in the above picture, apache webserver is working. + +### Setting Up Virtual Hosts ### + +#### 1. Create Virtual Directories #### + +Now, let us proceed to setup virtual hosts. As I mentioned earlier, I am going to host two virtual hosts called “**unixmen1.local**”, and “**unixmen2.local**”. + +Create a public to place the two virtual hosts data’s. + +First, let us create a directory for unixmen1.local site: + + sudo mkdir -p /var/www/unixmen1.local/public_html + +Then, create the directory for unixmen2.local site: + + sudo mkdir -p /var/www/unixmen2.local/public_html + +#### 2. Setting Up Ownership and Permissions #### + +The above directories are owned by root user now. We should change the ownership of these two directories to the regular user, instead of root user. + + sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /var/www/unixmen1.local/public_html/ + sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /var/www/unixmen2.local/public_html/ + +The “**$USER**” variable indicates the currently logged in user. + +Set the read permissions to the apache web root (/var/www) directory, so that everyone can read files from that directory. + + sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/ + +We have created the directories for holding the websites data’s and assigned the necessary permissions and ownership to them. + +#### 4. Create Sample pages for Virtual Hosts #### + +Now, we have to the sample pages to be served through the websites. First, let us create a sample page to the **unixmen1.local** virtual host. + +Create a index.html for unixmen1.local virtual host, + + sudo vi /var/www/unixmen1.local/public_html/index.html + +Add the following contents: + + + + www.unixmen1.local + + +

Welcome To Unixmen1.local website

+ + + +Save and close the file. + +Similarly, add the sample page to the second virtual host. + + sudo vi /var/www/unixmen2.local/public_html/index.html + +Add the following contents: + + + + www.unixmen2.local + + +

Welcome To Unixmen2.local website

+ + + +Save and close the file. + +#### 5. Create Virtual Host Files #### + +By default, apache comes with a default virtual host file called 000-default.conf. We will copy the **000-default.conf** file contents to our new virtual host files. + + sudo cp /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf /etc/apache2/sites-available/unixmen1.local.conf + sudo cp /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf /etc/apache2/sites-available/unixmen2.local.conf + +Make sure the virtual host files contains .conf extension at the end. + +Now, modify the unximen1.local.conf file to reflect with our new own values. + + sudo vi /etc/apache2/sites-available/unixmen1.local.conf + +Make the relevant changes that reflect to the unixmen1 site. + + + # The ServerName directive sets the request scheme, hostname and port that + # the server uses to identify itself. This is used when creating + # redirection URLs. In the context of virtual hosts, the ServerName + # specifies what hostname must appear in the request's Host: header to + # match this virtual host. For the default virtual host (this file) this + # value is not decisive as it is used as a last resort host regardless. + # However, you must set it for any further virtual host explicitly. + #ServerName www.example.com + + ServerAdmin webmaster@unixmen1.local + ServerName unixmen1.local + ServerAlias www.unixmen1.local + DocumentRoot /var/www/unixmen1.local/public_html + + # Available loglevels: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn, + # error, crit, alert, emerg. + # It is also possible to configure the loglevel for particular + # modules, e.g. + #LogLevel info ssl:warn + + ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log + CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined + + # For most configuration files from conf-available/, which are + # enabled or disabled at a global level, it is possible to + # include a line for only one particular virtual host. For example the + # following line enables the CGI configuration for this host only + # after it has been globally disabled with "a2disconf". + #Include conf-available/serve-cgi-bin.conf + + +Like wise, modify the second virtual host file. + + sudo vi /etc/apache2/sites-available/unixmen2.local.conf + +Make the relevant changes that reflect to the unixmen2 site. + + + # The ServerName directive sets the request scheme, hostname and port that + # the server uses to identify itself. This is used when creating + # redirection URLs. In the context of virtual hosts, the ServerName + # specifies what hostname must appear in the request's Host: header to + # match this virtual host. For the default virtual host (this file) this + # value is not decisive as it is used as a last resort host regardless. + # However, you must set it for any further virtual host explicitly. + #ServerName www.example.com + + ServerAdmin webmaster@unixmen2.local + ServerName unixmen2.local + ServerAlias www.unixmen2.local + DocumentRoot /var/www/unixmen2.local/public_html + + # Available loglevels: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn, + # error, crit, alert, emerg. + # It is also possible to configure the loglevel for particular + # modules, e.g. + #LogLevel info ssl:warn + + ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log + CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined + + # For most configuration files from conf-available/, which are + # enabled or disabled at a global level, it is possible to + # include a line for only one particular virtual host. For example the + # following line enables the CGI configuration for this host only + # after it has been globally disabled with "a2disconf". + #Include conf-available/serve-cgi-bin.conf + + +After modifying the virtual hosts files, disable the default virtual host (000.default.conf), and enable new virtual hosts as shown below. + + sudo a2dissite 000-default.conf + sudo a2ensite unixmen1.local.conf + sudo a2ensite unixmen2.local.conf + +Finally, restart the apache service. + + sudo service apache2 restart + +That’s it. Now, we successfully configured the apache virtual hosts on our Ubuntu server. + +Testing Virtual Hosts + +Edit file **/etc/hosts**, + + sudo vi /etc/hosts + +Add the virtual domain names one by one as shown below. + + [...] + 192.168.1.250 unixmen1.local + 192.168.1.250 unixmen2.local + +Save and close the file. + +Open up your browser and point to the URL **http://unixmen1.local** or **http://unixmen2.local**. You should see the sample pages which we created earlier. + +**Unixmen1.local Test page:** + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/www.unixmen1.local-Mozilla-Firefox_004.png) + +**Unixmen2.local Test page:** + +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/www.unixmen2.local-Mozilla-Firefox_005.png) + +If you want to access these sites from your remote systems, you should add the actual domain name records in your DNS server. Hence, I don’t have any actual domain names and DNS server, I tested this only on my local system, and Its worked perfectly as I expected. + +Cheers! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.unixmen.com/setup-virtual-hosts-apache-ubuntu-14-04-lts/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file From e9a3aead851bbdf41b1dddf271d186aff8f630af Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: shipsw Date: Wed, 4 Jun 2014 12:55:21 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 427/601] Update 20140603 How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time.md #Translating by shipsw# --- ...tor Nginx web server from the command line in real time.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140603 How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time.md b/sources/tech/20140603 How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time.md index af2a521e34..79fe811294 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140603 How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140603 How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +#Translating by shipsw# + How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time ================================================================================ Once Nginx web server is [up and running][1] in a production environment, you will want to monitor its activity in real time. In fact, general network monitoring software such as [Nagios][2], Zabbix, Munin provide support for real-time Nginx monitoring. @@ -100,4 +102,4 @@ via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/06/monitor-nginx-web-server-command-line-real-time. [1]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/01/compile-install-nginx-web-server.html [2]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/12/monitor-common-services-nagios.html [3]:https://github.com/lebinh/ngxtop -[4]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/install-pip-linux.html \ No newline at end of file +[4]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/install-pip-linux.html From d4281c34cf303681b19f174af6b2a572f15aab99 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: carolinewuyan <309866211@qq.com> Date: Wed, 4 Jun 2014 13:21:32 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 428/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9=E4=B8=AD?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...40527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/talk/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md b/translated/talk/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md index 9460794af4..4a5dae2874 100644 --- a/translated/talk/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md +++ b/translated/talk/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md @@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ CNprober 翻译完成 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -via: http://www.linuxfederation.com/complete-historical-timeline-linux-evolution/ +via: http://www.linuxfederation.com/complete-historical-timeline-linux-evolution/ 译者：[love\\_daisy\\_love](https://github.com/CNprober) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) @@ -136,4 +136,4 @@ via: http://www.linuxfederation.com/complete-historical-timeline-linux-evolution [11]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Source_Development_Labs [12]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Standards_Group [13]:http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2007/11/wheres-my-gphone.html -[14]:http://www.android.com/ \ No newline at end of file +[14]:http://www.android.com/ From b7957b6806b1061a8965903104de4d98976dd0b9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: carolinewuyan <309866211@qq.com> Date: Wed, 4 Jun 2014 15:05:38 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 429/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B7=B2=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md | 40 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/talk/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md b/translated/talk/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md index 4a5dae2874..bd37ef57fd 100644 --- a/translated/talk/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md +++ b/translated/talk/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md @@ -1,44 +1,42 @@ -CNprober 翻译完成 - 一份完整的Linux发展年表 ================================================================================ ![](http://www.linuxfederation.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/linux-evolution.jpg) -我们周围到处都有Linux的身影，家，公司，大学，实验室，太空空间站。但是过去它不像现在一样是计算机发展的中坚力量，它只是开始于一个芬兰大学生的业余爱好。现在的Linux已经从一个业余爱好发展成了一场计算机革命。在这篇文章里，我们向你展示最完整的Linux23年发展的历史年表。 +我们周围到处都有Linux的身影，在家中、公司里、大学、实验室，太空空间站。但是过去它不像现在一样是计算机发展的中坚力量，它只是开始于一个芬兰大学生的个人爱好。现在的Linux已经从一个个人爱好发展成了一场计算机革命。在这篇文章里，我们向你展示最完整的Linux23年发展的历史年表。 ### 1991 ### -**8月25号** : 21岁的芬兰学生Linus Benedict Torvalds 在comp.os.minix 新闻组上宣布了它正在写一个免费的操作系统。 +**8月25号** : 21岁的芬兰学生Linus Benedict Torvalds 在comp.os.minix 新闻组上宣布了它正在编写一个免费的操作系统。 **9月1号** : Linux 0.01在网上发布。 ### 1992 ### -**1月5号** : Linux [v0.12 release][1] 版本的内核重新以GUN GPL的协议发布。原来的许可证是禁止任何商业用途的。通过这次协议变更，发布和出售修改或者未修改版的Linux变成可能，只要你将这些拷贝和完整的相应的源代码也以相同的GPL许可证发布。在后来的一次[采访][2]中,Linus对许可证的更改说了这样一句话（让Linux遵守GPL绝对是我干过的最正确的事）： +**1月5号** : Linux [v0.12 release][1] 版本的内核重新以GUN GPL的协议发布。原来的许可证是禁止任何商业用途的。通过这次协议变更，发布和出售修改或未修改版的Linux成为了可能，只要你将这些复制版本以相同的GPL许可证发布，并且有相对应完整的源代码。在后来的一次[采访][2]中,Linus对许可证的更改说了这样一句话（让Linux遵守GPL绝对是我干过的最正确的事）： " Making Linux GPL’d was definitely the best thing I ever did." -**1月29号** : Andrew S. Tanenbaum向comp.os.minix邮件列表发送了一封名为[LINUX is obsolete][3]的邮件。这次被一些人认为是跑题的网络口水战的争论总的来说是关于Linux和内核架构的。Tanenbaum争辩说宏内核比微内核更加高级，所以Linux是过时的。 +**1月29号** : Andrew S. Tanenbaum向comp.os.minix邮件列表发送了一封名为[LINUX is obsolete][3]的邮件。总的来说，这次被一些人升级为“战火”的争论是关于Linux和内核架构的。Tanenbaum争辩说宏内核比微内核更加高级，所以Linux是过时的。 **4月5号** : 第一个Linux新闻组，comp.os.linux由Ari Lemmke提议和开通。 -**5月21号** : Peter MacDonald 发布第一个独立的Linux安装包。可以通过软盘安装，包括比较前沿的TCP-IP网络支持和X Window视窗系统。它建议至少预留10M的磁盘空间来安装。 +**5月21号** : Peter MacDonald 发布第一个独立的Linux安装包SLS。可以通过软盘安装，包括比较前沿的TCP-IP网络支持和X Window视窗系统。建议至少预留10M的磁盘空间来安装。 ### 1993 ### **6月17号** : Slackware Linux由Patrick Volkerding发布。[Slackware][4]被认为是第一个取得广泛成功的Linux发行版，而且它现在还在使用。 -**8月16号** : Ian Murdock（Debian中的'ian'）发布了第一个Debian Linux的发行版。Debian是最有影响力的Linux发行版，是MEPIS，Mint，Ubuntu和很多其他发行版的鼻祖。 +**8月16号** : Ian Murdock（Debian中的'ian'）发布了第一个Debian Linux的发行版。Debian是最有影响力的Linux发行版，是MEPIS，Mint，Ubuntu和很多其它发行版的鼻祖。 -**8月19号** : Matt Welsh写的《Linux Installation and Getting Started》第1版出版，这是第一本关于Linux的书。 +**8月19号** : Matt Welsh写的《Linux Installation and Getting Started》第1版出版，这是第一本关于Linux的书籍。 ### 1994 ### -**3月14号** : [Linux内核V1.0][5]发布。它支持基于i386单处理器的计算机系统。这3年来，内核代码增长到了176,250行。 +**3月14号** : [Linux内核V1.0][5]发布。它支持基于i386单处理器的计算机系统。这3年来，内核代码库已经增长到了176,250行。 **3月26号** : 第一期《Linux Journal》杂志发行。这一期杂志的特点是记录了一次对Linus Torvalds的采访和一些Phil Hughes, Robert “Bob” Young, Michael K. Johnson, Arnold Robbins, Matt Welsh, Ian A写的文章。 -**8月15号** : Willian R. Della Croce, Jr. 申请了“Linux”商标，9月进行了注册。Della Croce在不知道Linux社区财政窘迫的前提下，向煊赫的“Linux公司”写了一封信，要求他们为“Linux”商标使用支付费用。这次风波以将商标转让给代表所有请愿者和Linux使用者的Linus Torvalds而告终，时间是1997年。 +**8月15号** : Willian R. Della Croce, Jr. 申请了“Linux”商标，9月进行了注册。Della Croce在不知道Linux社区财政窘迫的前提下，向煊赫的“Linux公司”写了一封信，要求他们为“Linux”商标使用支付费用。直到1997年，这次风波以将商标转让给代表所有请愿者和Linux使用者的Linus Torvalds而告终。 **11月3号** : Red Hat的共同创始人Marc Ewing宣布可以以49.95美元的零售价格获得Red Hat Software Linux的CD-ROM和30天的安装支持。2012年Red Hat成为[第一家10亿美元的开源公司][6]。 @@ -48,22 +46,22 @@ CNprober 翻译完成 ### 1996 ### -**5月9号** : 在最初Alan Cox的提议和Linus Torvalds的细化下，Larry Ewing1996年创造了现在看到的这个叫做Tux的吉祥物。选定企鹅作为Linux吉祥物的主意来自Linus Torvalds，他说自己被一只企鹅轻轻的咬了一口之后就具有了企鹅的特征。（这是要变成企鹅侠吗？估计是原作者调皮了？--译注） +**5月9号** : 最初由Alan Cox提议，之后又经Linus Torvalds改良，Larry Ewing在1996年创造了现在看到的这只叫做Tux的吉祥物。选定企鹅作为Linux吉祥物的主意来自Linus Torvalds，他说自己被一只企鹅轻轻地咬了一口之后就具有了企鹅的特征。（这是要变成企鹅侠吗？估计是原作者调皮了？--译注） -**6月9号** : [Linux内核V2.0][7]发布。相比更早的版本这是一个意义重大的提升，这是第一个在单系统中支持多处理器的稳定内核版本，也支持更多的处理器类型。Linux从此以后成了很多公司一个郑重选择的对象。你可以阅读1996年8月在Linux Journal上发布的[回顾Linux V2.0][8]文章了解更多的关于这方面的提升。 +**6月9号** : [Linux内核V2.0][7]发布。相比更早的版本这是一次意义重大的提升，这是第一个在单系统中支持多处理器的稳定内核版本，也支持更多的处理器类型。Linux从此以后成了很多公司一个郑重选择的对象。你可以阅读1996年8月在Linux Journal上发布的[回顾Linux V2.0][8]来了解更多相关的提升。 **10月14号** : 1996年Mattias Ettrich发起了KDE项目，因为他深受Unix桌面系统下应用程序的不一致之苦。(在此之前Unix和Linux都没有一个统一的桌面系统，编写桌面软件非常复杂--译注) ### 1997 ### -**1月9号** : 第一个“Linux病毒”Bliss被发现了。Bliss不危害系统的安全，他依赖于人们用特权干蠢事来感染系统，然后提醒用户只安装从可靠站点下载的可以验证数字签名的软件，并且安装之前一定要先验证签名(很多地方把这个算作第2个Linux病毒，因为之前还有一个更加“绿色”的病毒--译注)。 +**1月9号** : 第一个“Linux病毒”Bliss被发现了。Bliss不危害系统的安全，它依赖于人们用特权干蠢事来感染系统，然后提醒用户只安装从可靠站点下载的可以验证数字签名的软件，并且安装之前一定要先验证签名(很多地方把这个算作第2个Linux病毒，因为之前还有一个更加“绿色”的病毒--译注)。 “事实上，在Linux上写一个病毒可能会更加的简单，因为Linux是开源的，所有的源代码都是可以获取的。所以，随着Linux变得更加通用和流行的时候，我们将看到更多的Linux病毒。”--来自McAfee的畅想。 ### 1998 ### **5月1号** : Google搜索引擎面世。它不仅仅是世界上最好的搜索引擎之一，更是基于Linux的，它的特征是有一个Linux的搜索页面。 -**12月4号** : 一份来自IDC的报告称1998年Linux的出货量至少上升了200%，市场占有率上升至少150%。Linux的市场占有率为17%，并且以一个其他操作系统无法企及的速度增长着。 +**12月4号** : 一份来自IDC的报告称1998年Linux的出货量至少上升了200%，市场占有率上升至少150%。Linux的市场占有率为17%，并且以其它任何操作系统无法企及的速度增长着。 ### 1999 ### @@ -73,7 +71,7 @@ CNprober 翻译完成 ### 2000 ### -**2月4号** : 最新的IDC报告表明Linux现在排在“最受欢迎的服务器操作系统的第2位”，1999年服务器系统销售量占总量的25%。Windows NT38%位列第1，NetWare19%排在第3位。 +**2月4号** : 最新的IDC报告表明Linux现在排在“最受欢迎的服务器操作系统的第2位”，1999年服务器系统销售量占总量的25%。Windows NT以38%位列第1，NetWare以19%排在第3位。 **3月11号** : 摩托罗拉公司宣布发行HA Linux。这个发行版专注于通信应用领域，对系统不关机连续运行时间要求非常高。它还包括了热交换能力和支持i386和PowerPC架构。 @@ -87,11 +85,11 @@ CNprober 翻译完成 ### 2003 ### -**3月6号** : SCO Group公司宣布他们正在发起对IBM高达10亿美元的诉讼，他们声称IBM把SCO的商业机密整合到了Linux中。之后SCO公司发起了一系列的法律诉讼案，这威胁到了很多计算机行业的巨头包括惠普，微软，Novell，Silicon Graphics，Sun Microsystems和RedHat。这次案件在Novell公司的支持下于2010年3月30号判决完。(著名的SCO-Linux争议，SCO声称拥有System V的部分源码所有权，IBM将这部分源码整合到Linux中侵犯了SCO著作权。最后联邦法院裁定Novell才是Unix商标的合法拥有者。--译注) +**3月6号** : SCO Group公司宣布他们正在发起对IBM高达10亿美元的诉讼，他们声称IBM把SCO的商业机密整合到了Linux中。之后SCO公司发起了一系列的法律诉讼案，这威胁到了很多计算机行业的巨头包括惠普，微软，Novell，Silicon Graphics，Sun Microsystems和RedHat。这次案件在Novell公司的支持下于2010年3月30号判决完毕。(著名的SCO-Linux争议，SCO声称拥有System V的部分源码所有权，IBM将这部分源码整合到Linux中侵犯了SCO著作权。最后联邦法院裁定Novell才是Unix商标的合法拥有者。--译注) ### 2004 ### -**10月20号** : [Ubuntu][10]以一个不同寻常的版本号4.10和怪异的版本代号“Warty Warthog”（长满疙瘩的非洲疣猪）进入大家的生活。用这个版本号是因为发布日期是2004年10月。Ubuntu的开发由Cannonical Ltd公司主导，公司的创始人是Mark Shuttleworth（就是那个不到30岁的亿万富翁，钱多的不知道怎么花，只能烧钱上太空的游一圈的人--译注）。 +**10月20号** : [Ubuntu][10]以一个不同寻常的版本号4.10和怪异的版本代号“Warty Warthog”（长满疙瘩的非洲疣猪）进入大家的生活。用这个版本号是因为发布日期是2004年10月。Ubuntu的开发由Cannonical Ltd公司主导，公司的创始人是Mark Shuttleworth（就是那个不到30岁的亿万富翁，钱多的不知道怎么花，只能烧钱上太空的游一圈的人--译注）。虽然不是内核的主要贡献者，然而对于Linux台式机和笔记本电脑的采用，Ubuntu扮演着一个重要的角色。 ### 2007 ### @@ -99,7 +97,7 @@ CNprober 翻译完成 **8月8号** : 2007年Linux基金会由[开源发展实验室(OSDL)][11]和[自由标准组织(FSG)][12]联合成立。这个基金会目的是赞助Linux创始人Linus的工作。基金会得到了主要的Linux和开源公司，包括富士通，HP，IBM，Intel，NEC，Oracle，Qualcomm，三星和来自世界各地的开发者的支持。 -**11月5号** : 与之前大家推测的发布Gphone不同，[Google宣布][13]组建开放手机联盟(Open Handset Alliance)和发布[Android][14]，这个被称为“第一个真正开放的综合移动设备平台”。 +**11月5号** : 与之前大家推测的发布Gphone不同，[Google宣布][13]组建开放手机联盟(Open Handset Alliance)和发布[Android][14]，它被称为“第一个真正开放的综合移动设备平台”。 ### 2009 ### @@ -107,7 +105,7 @@ CNprober 翻译完成 ### 2011 ### -**5月11号** : 2011年Google I/O大会发布了Chrombook。这是一款运行着所谓的云操作系统Chrome OS的笔记本。Chome OS也是基于Linux内核的。 +**5月11号** : 2011年Google I/O大会发布了Chrombook。这是一款运行着所谓云操作系统Chrome OS的笔记本。Chome OS是基于Linux内核的。 **6月21号** : Linus Torvalds 发布了Linux3.0版本。 @@ -119,7 +117,7 @@ CNprober 翻译完成 via: http://www.linuxfederation.com/complete-historical-timeline-linux-evolution/ -译者：[love\\_daisy\\_love](https://github.com/CNprober) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[love\\_daisy\\_love](https://github.com/CNprober) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From e2674620e803e8f9d499f1f9eb41e1cccf217afe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: John Date: Wed, 4 Jun 2014 15:19:21 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 430/601] Translating by John --- sources/tech/20140604 Command line secrets.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140604 Command line secrets.md b/sources/tech/20140604 Command line secrets.md index 6a45adde59..01aab5b310 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140604 Command line secrets.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140604 Command line secrets.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +Translating by john... Command line secrets ================================================================================ There are loads of really good reasons to use the command line. It’s the most powerful and concise method of interacting with your computer, as we show in [issue 3 of Linux Voice][1]. However, we decided to take a moment to look at some of its more obscure (and some would say pointless) uses. From 285aa8995ae31e9ada04d50e891dfab9829a1717 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Wed, 4 Jun 2014 15:26:12 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 431/601] Update 20140603 App Grid Is A Superior Ubuntu Software Center Alternative.md --- ...pp Grid Is A Superior Ubuntu Software Center Alternative.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140603 App Grid Is A Superior Ubuntu Software Center Alternative.md b/sources/tech/20140603 App Grid Is A Superior Ubuntu Software Center Alternative.md index 6344c3d6f7..3ed7a9f35b 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140603 App Grid Is A Superior Ubuntu Software Center Alternative.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140603 App Grid Is A Superior Ubuntu Software Center Alternative.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +Translating by GOLinux ... App Grid Is A Superior Ubuntu Software Center Alternative ================================================================================ ![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/app-grid.png) @@ -44,4 +45,4 @@ via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/appgrid-ubuntu-software-centre-alternati [1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2011/10/plans-for-ubuntu-software-centre-plans-in-12-04-get-discussed [2]:https://launchpad.net/appgrid -[3]:http://ppa.launchpad.net/appgrid/stable/ubuntu/pool/main/a/appgrid/appgrid_0.1.102~trusty_all.deb \ No newline at end of file +[3]:http://ppa.launchpad.net/appgrid/stable/ubuntu/pool/main/a/appgrid/appgrid_0.1.102~trusty_all.deb From 4d82a17f4f91689d8248947d2f28571a1e95e494 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: disylee Date: Wed, 4 Jun 2014 17:23:43 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 432/601] Update 20140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 不要跟我抢啦，disylee的 --- ...140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md b/sources/tech/20140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md index 9d9141729c..a802bf13b3 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +disylee 占一个，不要跟我抢啦~~ Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS ================================================================================ **Virtual Hosts** are used to setup more than one domain or websites using a single IP address. This is very useful if anybody wants to run multiple websites using a single IP address on single VPS. @@ -224,4 +225,4 @@ via: http://www.unixmen.com/setup-virtual-hosts-apache-ubuntu-14-04-lts/ 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 394773584064bc4896e6898c2bdc811f53852b36 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Wed, 4 Jun 2014 18:11:27 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 433/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E8=A1=A8=EF=BC=9A20140527=20A?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Complete=20Historical=20Timeline=20of=20Linux=20Evolution?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @CNprober http://linux.cn/article-3148-1.html --- ... Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md | 23 ++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-) rename {translated/talk => published}/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md (86%) diff --git a/translated/talk/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md b/published/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md similarity index 86% rename from translated/talk/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md rename to published/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md index bd37ef57fd..4c8cc6b7e5 100644 --- a/translated/talk/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md +++ b/published/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ -一份完整的Linux发展年表 +Linux发展编年表 ================================================================================ ![](http://www.linuxfederation.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/linux-evolution.jpg) -我们周围到处都有Linux的身影，在家中、公司里、大学、实验室，太空空间站。但是过去它不像现在一样是计算机发展的中坚力量，它只是开始于一个芬兰大学生的个人爱好。现在的Linux已经从一个个人爱好发展成了一场计算机革命。在这篇文章里，我们向你展示最完整的Linux23年发展的历史年表。 +[我们周围到处都有Linux的身影][0]，在家中、公司里、大学、实验室，太空空间站。但是过去它不像现在一样是计算机发展的中坚力量，它只是开始于一个芬兰大学生的个人爱好。现在的Linux已经从一个个人爱好发展成了一场计算机革命。在这篇文章里，我们向你展示最完整的Linux 23年来发展的历史年表。 ### 1991 ### @@ -12,21 +12,21 @@ ### 1992 ### -**1月5号** : Linux [v0.12 release][1] 版本的内核重新以GUN GPL的协议发布。原来的许可证是禁止任何商业用途的。通过这次协议变更，发布和出售修改或未修改版的Linux成为了可能，只要你将这些复制版本以相同的GPL许可证发布，并且有相对应完整的源代码。在后来的一次[采访][2]中,Linus对许可证的更改说了这样一句话（让Linux遵守GPL绝对是我干过的最正确的事）： +**1月5号** : Linux [v0.12 release][1] 版本的内核重新以GUN GPL的协议发布。原来的许可证是禁止任何商业用途的。通过这次协议变更，发布和出售修改或未修改版的Linux成为了可能，只要你将这些复制版本以相同的GPL许可证发布，并且有相对应完整的源代码。在后来的一次[采访][2]中，Linus对这次许可证的更改说了这样一句话（让Linux遵守GPL绝对是我干过的最正确的事）： - " Making Linux GPL’d was definitely the best thing I ever did." + " Making Linux GPL'd was definitely the best thing I ever did." **1月29号** : Andrew S. Tanenbaum向comp.os.minix邮件列表发送了一封名为[LINUX is obsolete][3]的邮件。总的来说，这次被一些人升级为“战火”的争论是关于Linux和内核架构的。Tanenbaum争辩说宏内核比微内核更加高级，所以Linux是过时的。 **4月5号** : 第一个Linux新闻组，comp.os.linux由Ari Lemmke提议和开通。 -**5月21号** : Peter MacDonald 发布第一个独立的Linux安装包SLS。可以通过软盘安装，包括比较前沿的TCP-IP网络支持和X Window视窗系统。建议至少预留10M的磁盘空间来安装。 +**5月21号** : Peter MacDonald 发布第一个独立的Linux安装包SLS。可以通过软盘安装，包括比较前沿的TCP-IP网络支持和X Window系统。建议至少预留10M的磁盘空间来安装。 ### 1993 ### **6月17号** : Slackware Linux由Patrick Volkerding发布。[Slackware][4]被认为是第一个取得广泛成功的Linux发行版，而且它现在还在使用。 -**8月16号** : Ian Murdock（Debian中的'ian'）发布了第一个Debian Linux的发行版。Debian是最有影响力的Linux发行版，是MEPIS，Mint，Ubuntu和很多其它发行版的鼻祖。 +**8月16号** : Ian Murdock（Debian中的'ian'）发布了第一个Debian Linux的发行版。Debian是最有影响力的Linux发行版之一，是MEPIS，Mint，Ubuntu和很多其它发行版的鼻祖。 **8月19号** : Matt Welsh写的《Linux Installation and Getting Started》第1版出版，这是第一本关于Linux的书籍。 @@ -34,15 +34,15 @@ **3月14号** : [Linux内核V1.0][5]发布。它支持基于i386单处理器的计算机系统。这3年来，内核代码库已经增长到了176,250行。 -**3月26号** : 第一期《Linux Journal》杂志发行。这一期杂志的特点是记录了一次对Linus Torvalds的采访和一些Phil Hughes, Robert “Bob” Young, Michael K. Johnson, Arnold Robbins, Matt Welsh, Ian A写的文章。 +**3月26号** : 第一期《Linux Journal》杂志发行。这一期杂志的特点是发表了一篇对Linus Torvalds的采访和一些Phil Hughes, Robert “Bob” Young, Michael K. Johnson, Arnold Robbins, Matt Welsh, Ian A写的文章。 **8月15号** : Willian R. Della Croce, Jr. 申请了“Linux”商标，9月进行了注册。Della Croce在不知道Linux社区财政窘迫的前提下，向煊赫的“Linux公司”写了一封信，要求他们为“Linux”商标使用支付费用。直到1997年，这次风波以将商标转让给代表所有请愿者和Linux使用者的Linus Torvalds而告终。 -**11月3号** : Red Hat的共同创始人Marc Ewing宣布可以以49.95美元的零售价格获得Red Hat Software Linux的CD-ROM和30天的安装支持。2012年Red Hat成为[第一家10亿美元的开源公司][6]。 +**11月3号** : Red Hat的共同创始人Marc Ewing宣布可以以49.95美元的零售价格获得Red Hat Software Linux的CD-ROM和30天的安装支持。2012年Red Hat成为[第一家市值达10亿美元的开源公司][6]。 ### 1995 ### -**4月4号** : 开展了第一个专门针对Linux的贸易展和会议系列，名字叫Linux Expo。这成为接下来几年中，最流行和备受关注的年度Linux盛会。贸易展和会议的入场券价格是4美元。3年后，Red Hat接管了这个展会，也是主要的赞助商。 +**4月4号** : 开展了第一个专门针对Linux的贸易展和会议系列，名字叫Linux Expo。这成为接下来几年中，最流行和备受关注的年度Linux盛会。贸易展和会议的入场券价格是4美元。3年后，Red Hat接管了组织工作，同时也是主要的赞助商。 ### 1996 ### @@ -89,11 +89,11 @@ ### 2004 ### -**10月20号** : [Ubuntu][10]以一个不同寻常的版本号4.10和怪异的版本代号“Warty Warthog”（长满疙瘩的非洲疣猪）进入大家的生活。用这个版本号是因为发布日期是2004年10月。Ubuntu的开发由Cannonical Ltd公司主导，公司的创始人是Mark Shuttleworth（就是那个不到30岁的亿万富翁，钱多的不知道怎么花，只能烧钱上太空的游一圈的人--译注）。虽然不是内核的主要贡献者，然而对于Linux台式机和笔记本电脑的采用，Ubuntu扮演着一个重要的角色。 +**10月20号** : [Ubuntu][10]以一个不同寻常的版本号4.10和怪异的版本代号“Warty Warthog”（长满疙瘩的非洲疣猪）进入大家的生活。用这个版本号是因为发布日期是2004年10月。Ubuntu的开发由Cannonical Ltd公司主导，公司的创始人是Mark Shuttleworth（就是那个不到30岁的亿万富翁，钱多的不知道怎么花，只能烧钱上太空的游一圈的人--译注）。Ubuntu虽然不是内核的主要贡献者，然而对于Linux的台式机和笔记本电脑的普及，Ubuntu扮演着一个重要的角色。 ### 2007 ### -**6月6号** : 华硕在2007的台北电脑展上展出了两款“易PC”（Eee PC）：701和1001.第1批易PC预装的是Xandros Linux，这是一个基于Debian，轻量级的为适应小屏幕进行过优化的Linux发行版。 +**6月6号** : 华硕在2007的台北电脑展上展出了两款“易PC”（Eee PC）：701和1001。第1批易PC预装的是Xandros Linux，这是一个基于Debian，轻量级的为适应小屏幕进行过优化的Linux发行版。 **8月8号** : 2007年Linux基金会由[开源发展实验室(OSDL)][11]和[自由标准组织(FSG)][12]联合成立。这个基金会目的是赞助Linux创始人Linus的工作。基金会得到了主要的Linux和开源公司，包括富士通，HP，IBM，Intel，NEC，Oracle，Qualcomm，三星和来自世界各地的开发者的支持。 @@ -121,6 +121,7 @@ via: http://www.linuxfederation.com/complete-historical-timeline-linux-evolution 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 +[0]:http://linux.cn/article-2480-1.html [1]:https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/Historic/old-versions/RELNOTES-0.12 [2]:http://j.mp/fs-pragmatist [3]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanenbaum%E2%80%93Torvalds_debate From a5f8314e3468d8e33396e1b58826a4937705a1ad Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: John Date: Wed, 4 Jun 2014 23:22:32 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 434/601] Translated --- .../tech/20140604 Command line secrets.md | 25 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/tech/20140604 Command line secrets.md diff --git a/translated/tech/20140604 Command line secrets.md b/translated/tech/20140604 Command line secrets.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f3181779df --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20140604 Command line secrets.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +命令行的秘密 +================================================================================ +有很多使用命令行的理由.它是与你的计算机交互的最强大和简明的方法,正如我们在[issue 3 of Linux Voice][1]中展示的那样.但是,我们决定先来看一下命令行的一些隐晦的使用场景(或许有些人会觉得没有意义). +### 浏览网页 ### +Firefox和Chromium都是很好的浏览器,但是你有没有发现它们有点太图像化了?没有?看一下下面的视频,我们使用elinks web浏览器显示了与黑客相关的新闻.界面可能没有其他浏览器好看,但是它能够显示更多的web页面. + +当你只想在你通过SSH方式登录的计算机上检查一下能否上网的时候,这将是一个很便利的方法. +### 在维基百科上查找想要的信息 ### +是的,上文我们已经提到了使用Web,但是web不是查看维基百科的唯一方式.David Leadbeater已经构建了一个将维基百科DNS入口提取出来的DNS服务器.这能够让你使用想dig这样的命令行工具来抓取你想要的信息. + +### 看电影 ### +当你想要看Star Wars Episode IV时,不再需要使用Netflix或者YouTube,只要在你的终端中直接telnet towel.blinkenlights.nl就行了. + +### 玩游戏 ### +再Steam来之前Linux下就有许多游戏,并且很多都不需要图形界面比如NetHack,Robots和Greed. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.linuxvoice.com/commandline-secrets/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.linuxvoice.com/issue-3-is-out/ From 803b23abba75c108c5fca8c208f8c2443b0f2d16 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Thu, 5 Jun 2014 00:48:35 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 435/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BF=AE=E6=AD=A3?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...40527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/published/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md b/published/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md index 4c8cc6b7e5..82d06ca45a 100644 --- a/published/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md +++ b/published/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Linux发展编年表 " Making Linux GPL'd was definitely the best thing I ever did." -**1月29号** : Andrew S. Tanenbaum向comp.os.minix邮件列表发送了一封名为[LINUX is obsolete][3]的邮件。总的来说，这次被一些人升级为“战火”的争论是关于Linux和内核架构的。Tanenbaum争辩说宏内核比微内核更加高级，所以Linux是过时的。 +**1月29号** : Andrew S. Tanenbaum向comp.os.minix邮件列表发送了一封名为[LINUX is obsolete][3]的邮件。总的来说，这次被一些人升级为“战火”的争论是关于Linux和内核架构的。Tanenbaum争辩说微内核比宏内核更加高级，所以Linux是过时的。 **4月5号** : 第一个Linux新闻组，comp.os.linux由Ari Lemmke提议和开通。 @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ Linux发展编年表 ### 2013 ### -**12月13号** : Valve公司发布基于Linux的StreamOS操作系统，这是一个视频游戏控制台系统。 +**12月13号** : Valve公司发布基于Linux的SteamOS操作系统，这是一个视频游戏控制台系统。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- From b1dcc0ad9ff051e8663c1c2bddaa93d45ba2e617 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: GOLinux Date: Thu, 5 Jun 2014 08:35:40 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 436/601] Translated: 20140603 App Grid Is A Superior Ubuntu Software Center Alternative.md --- ...rior Ubuntu Software Center Alternative.md | 47 ------------------- ...rior Ubuntu Software Center Alternative.md | 47 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 47 insertions(+), 47 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20140603 App Grid Is A Superior Ubuntu Software Center Alternative.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20140603 App Grid Is A Superior Ubuntu Software Center Alternative.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20140603 App Grid Is A Superior Ubuntu Software Center Alternative.md b/sources/tech/20140603 App Grid Is A Superior Ubuntu Software Center Alternative.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6344c3d6f7..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20140603 App Grid Is A Superior Ubuntu Software Center Alternative.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,47 +0,0 @@ -App Grid Is A Superior Ubuntu Software Center Alternative -================================================================================ -![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/app-grid.png) - -**There’s no denying that the Ubuntu Software Centre has made finding, installing, buying and managing applications easier.** - -Equally, there’s no denying that it’s far from being the prettiest bit of software that ships with the distro by default. - -### App Grid Ubuntu Software Centre Alternative ### - -The interface of Ubuntu’s flagship app store has changed little since its last big makeover back in 2011. Not that it has been completely ignored in the intervening time. The 12.04 development cycle saw some [work done on its boot time][1]. - -That aside, the ol’ USC is pretty much the same as it ever was: a basket of potential never checked out. - -App Grid aims to solve these shortcomings. Written from scratch, it claims to deliver better start up times, faster response times and a design that offers “no confusion, no frustration.” - -On most of these point App Grid succeeds. It opens almost instantly and clicking through the interface is, indeed, responsive. The ‘no confusion’ promise is, perhaps, a little open to debate. The app sometimes requires you to scroll horizontally, other times vertically. One also can’t help but think that the app would look markedly more professional if it dropped the ‘gridded’ background pattern, too. - -As a way to sift through the legions of apps available on Ubuntu, App Grid is a superior effort. Support for Ubuntu One purchases, ratings and reviews make it all the more useful as a replacement to Ubuntu’s default store. - -If there is any drawback it’s that the application is not open source, as a big disclaimer warns on first run: - -![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/app-grid-prompt.png) - -### Install App Grid ### - -App Grid is available for Ubuntu 12.04 LTS, 13.10 and 14.04 LTS. It can be installed by adding the following PPA to your software sources: - - sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:appgrid/stable - sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install app grid - -Or by grabbing a .deb installer [from the project website][2]. - -- [Download App Grid Installer for Ubuntu 14.04][3] - -Give it a try and let us know what you think in the space we dutifully carved out for your opinion… --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/appgrid-ubuntu-software-centre-alternative - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2011/10/plans-for-ubuntu-software-centre-plans-in-12-04-get-discussed -[2]:https://launchpad.net/appgrid -[3]:http://ppa.launchpad.net/appgrid/stable/ubuntu/pool/main/a/appgrid/appgrid_0.1.102~trusty_all.deb \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/tech/20140603 App Grid Is A Superior Ubuntu Software Center Alternative.md b/translated/tech/20140603 App Grid Is A Superior Ubuntu Software Center Alternative.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fca82a41ca --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20140603 App Grid Is A Superior Ubuntu Software Center Alternative.md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +APP Grid:一个优秀的Ubuntu软件中心替代品 +================================================================================ +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/app-grid.png) + +**Ubuntu软件中心使得查找、安装、购买并管理应用程序更简单，这一点无可否认。** + +同样，也无可否认，它离最美的发行版默认自带软件的位置还远着呢。 + +### App Grid：Ubuntu软件中心替代品 ### + +自从2011年的彻底改造后，Ubuntu的旗舰应用商店的界面就没怎么变过。这并不是说它在此期间被完全忽略了，12.04的开发周期中可以看到[在启动时间上的工作][1]已经做了一些。 + +撇开那个不算，ol’ USC还是一如既往：一篮子的潜力还没被开发。 + +App Grid的目标时解决这些问题。从零开始，它要求更快的启动时间，更快的反应时间，而且“不感觉混乱，不让人失望”。 + +在大部分这些方面，App Grid取得了成功。它几乎可以立即打开，而在界面上点击也确实反应迅速。“不感觉混乱”这一承诺，或许有一点小小的争议。该应用有时候要你横向滚动，而另外的时候，又要你纵向滚动。也有人禁不住会想，如果这个应用能把它的网格背景样式扔了，可能看起来会显得更专业一些。 + +作为在Ubuntu上从筛选应用程序的一个方式，App Grid做出了极大的努力。它支持Ubuntu One上的订购、评级和评论，作为Ubuntu默认应用商店的替代品，它更好用。 + +如果非要说点什么缺点的话，那就是它不是一个开源的应用程序，第一次运行时会显示以下免责声明： + +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/app-grid-prompt.png) + +### 安装App Grid ### + +App Grid可运行在Ubuntu 12.04 LTS，13.10以及14.04 LTS版本下。可以通过添加以下PPA软件源来安装： + + sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:appgrid/stable + sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install app grid + +或者，也可以[从项目网站][2]抓取一个.deb安装包来安装。 + +- [下载用于Ubuntu 14.04的App Grid安装包][3] + +试试吧，试过后请到我们开的空间里来发表一下你的看法吧…… +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/appgrid-ubuntu-software-centre-alternative + +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2011/10/plans-for-ubuntu-software-centre-plans-in-12-04-get-discussed +[2]:https://launchpad.net/appgrid +[3]:http://ppa.launchpad.net/appgrid/stable/ubuntu/pool/main/a/appgrid/appgrid_0.1.102~trusty_all.deb \ No newline at end of file From e89b50e106258feeeff941648bf50efbbbae73b5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Thu, 5 Jun 2014 08:44:13 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 437/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9A20140529=20W?= =?UTF-8?q?hat=20is=20a=20good=20terminal=20emulator=20on=20Linux?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @geekpi 上午发布~ --- ...at is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md | 89 +++++++++++++++++++ ...at is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md | 89 ------------------- 2 files changed, 89 insertions(+), 89 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md delete mode 100644 translated/talk/20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md diff --git a/published/20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md b/published/20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..083965cbf8 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +Linux上有哪些好的终端模拟器? +================================================================================ +一个好的终端模拟器是一个选择Linux而不是Windows或Mac的充分理由，任何Linux的资深用户都会同意这点。通过使用shell，用户可以完成在图形环境下不可能或者太重复的任务。但是终端模拟器的选择是非常重要的，因为它会成为你使用最多的程序。我会尝试列出在Linux上好的终端模拟器的清单，从经典的到奇特的，但是它们都是有效率且独特的。 + +如果你认为还有好的终端程序在这里没有提到，请在评论区让我们知道。这里列出了许多，大多数是值得你了解一下。 + +### 1. Gnome-terminal ### + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3699/14100905190_478812cae2_z.jpg) + +让我们先从“经典”终端开始，对于Gnome而言，Gnome-terminal和Gnome一样经典。它支持多用户配置，标签，文本大小调整，背景转换和高度定制。如它名字暗示的那样，它适用于Gnome环境。 + +### 2. Konsole ### + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2897/14101006647_ec13565200_z.jpg) + +同样大名鼎鼎，Konsole在KDE环境下等同于Gnome-terminal。Konsole额外支持的一点是分割视图和书签目录。 + +### 3. (Xfce) terminal ### + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2928/14100857759_fa29cc968e_z.jpg) + +Xfce用户同样有他们的Xfce4终端。这个项目的目的是制造一个在外观上相似Gnome-terminal的产品，但是更少占用资源需求。它是高端定制化的，虽然没有用户配置功能或者透明背景。 + +### 4. LXTerminal ### + +[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5569/14100905020_dd2b3e830e_z.jpg)][1] + +其目标是为了成为桌面环境下的最有名的终端，LXTerminal是为LXDE环境设计的。如你所能想到的，它甚至比xfce-terminal更轻量快速，去除了复杂的自定义和高级选项，只保持了标签功能。 + +### 5. Terminator ### + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3726/14100980857_1591317b8a_z.jpg) + +现在让我们看看终端模拟器中的劳斯莱斯，Terminator是这些终端里面功能最完备的一款，它包括了标签、水平和垂直分割视图、截屏、用户配置、插件、布局管理。可能还有一些你永远都用不到的选项。它的缺点是太大和大量的资源消耗，这些就是你付出的代价。 + +### 6. Tilda ### + +[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5585/14284203351_2c25a33cb4_z.jpg)][2] + +这里还有一款完全不同的一款终端，它称为“下拉”式。如果你喜欢你的终端总是一键可达，也许你会喜欢下面提到的三个特点。首先，Tilda是一个典型的下拉式终端；它不依赖于环境并且非常轻量；你可以设置透明度或者甚至是不同的背景，并且选择出现在屏幕的那个边。除去这些，不要期待太复杂的功能，比如标签或者分割视图。Tilda只做一件事：在你需要的时候快速显示出来。 + +### 7. Guake ### + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3733/14285529772_aa824b5e39_z.jpg) + +如果喜欢Tilda的方式，而且希望与Gnome结合更紧密，你应该试试Guake。在功能方面，它多多少少与Tilda相似。两者之间最大的不同是Guake更美观。 + +### 8. Yakuake ### + +[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5274/14100857589_142fdc4153_z.jpg)][3] + +KDE用户当然也不会被遗忘，他们有Yakuake，它基本上就是KDE环境下的Guake的替代品。它和Quake功能一样，除了还有标签化接口和用户配置。 + +### 9. Terra ### + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3700/14307721343_0e55878bb0_z.jpg) + +对于既喜欢Terminator，也喜欢下拉式的资深用户而言，我估计Terra是最好的。介于Guake和Terminator之间，Terra在下拉式中支持分割视图和标签。 + +### 10. rxvt ### + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2916/14307721303_805fe977ce_o.png) + +如果你的目标是尽可能的轻量，并且你希望类似xterm，那么rxvt就是为你设计的。它没有标签和自定义，没有分割视图，没有任何东西，要极轻量就用rxvt。如果有时你只需要刚好够的功能，那么rxvt就是为你提供的。 + +### 11. Sakura ### + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3823/14287031834_d8a5ac966f_z.jpg) + +作为一款并不有名的终端模拟器，Sakura基于GTK但是并不需要完整的Gnome环境。不像rxvt，Sakura有一些额外的功能，像标签和颜色自定义，但是它尝试着保持简单和基本。因此如果你想要一款不针对特定环境的基础终端，Sakura可能是你想要的。 + +### 12. Terminology ### + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3706/14264408226_a0223861ae_z.jpg) + +这里面最奇异的终端是Terminology。它原本是为Enlightment设计的，它包括了目前我们看到的常规功能，并且还有我之前没有见过的功能。比如，直接在终端中播放流媒体，以及在文件列表中显示略缩图。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/good-terminal-emulator-linux.html + +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14100905020/ +[2]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14284203351/ +[3]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14100857589/ diff --git a/translated/talk/20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md b/translated/talk/20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3894816c89..0000000000 --- a/translated/talk/20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,89 +0,0 @@ -Linux上有哪些好的终端模拟器? -================================================================================ -一个好的终端模拟器是一个很好的理由去选择Linux而不是Windows或者Mac。任何Linux的资深用户都会同意这点。通过访问shell，用户可以完成在图形环境下不可能或者太重复的任务。但是终端模拟器的选择是非常重要的，因为它会成为你使用最多的程序。我会尝试列出在Linux上好的终端模拟器的一份清单，从经典的到奇特的，但是它们都是有效率且原始的。 - -如果你认为存在好的终端程序在这里没有提到，请在评论区让我们知道。这里很多没有提到，大多数是值得你注意的。 - -### 1. Gnome-terminal ### - -![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3699/14100905190_478812cae2_z.jpg) - -让我们先从“经典”终端开始，对于Gnome而言，Gnome-terminal和Gnome一样经典。它支持不同的用户配置，标签，文本调整，背景转换，和高度的自定义。如它名字暗示的那样，它适用于Gnome环境。 - -### 2. Konsole ### - -![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2897/14101006647_ec13565200_z.jpg) - -同样大名鼎鼎，Konsole在KDE环境下等同于Gnome-terminal。Konsole额外支持一点是分割视图和目录书签。 - -### 3. (Xfce) terminal ### - -![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2928/14100857759_fa29cc968e_z.jpg) - -Xfce用户同样有他们的Xfce4终端。这个项目的目的是得到一个Gnome-terminal在外观上相似的产品，但是在资源需求上会少很多。结果是非常可自定义化，但是没有用户配置功能或者透明背景。 - -### 4. LXTerminal ### - -[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5569/14100905020_dd2b3e830e_z.jpg)][1] - -为了完成在桌面环境下的最著名终端，LXTerminal是为LXDE环境设计的。如你所想象的，它甚至比xfce-terminal更轻量快速，去除了复杂的自定义和高级选项，只保持了标签。 - -### 5. Terminator ### - -![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3726/14100980857_1591317b8a_z.jpg) - -现在让我们进入终端模拟器中的劳斯莱斯，Terminator是这里最完整的一款，它包括了标签、水平和垂直分割视图、屏幕捕捉、用户配置、插件、布局管理。可能还有一些你永远都不要的选项。它的缺点是大小，和大量的资源消耗。这些就是你会牺牲的东西。 - -### 6. Tilda ### - -[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5585/14284203351_2c25a33cb4_z.jpg)][2] - -这里还有一款完全不同的一款终端，它称为“下拉”式。如果你喜欢你的终端总是处于关键的行程，也许你会喜欢下面的三个软件选项。首先，Tilda是下拉式终端的缩影。它不依赖于环境并且非常轻量。你可以设置透明度或者甚至是不同的背景，接下来选中一边的屏幕会显示出来。除去这个，不要期待太复杂的比如标签或者分割视图。Tilda只做一件事：在你需要的时候快速显示出来。 - -### 7. Guake ### - -![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3733/14285529772_aa824b5e39_z.jpg) - -对于喜欢Tilda的概念，但是更喜欢与Gnome结合更紧密的东西，你应该试试Guake。考虑到功能，它多多少少与Tilda相似。两者之间最大的不同是Guake更美观。 - -### 8. Yakuake ### - -[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5274/14100857589_142fdc4153_z.jpg)][3] - -KDE也不会忘记的Yakuake，它通常是KDE环境下的Guake的替代品。它和Quake一样处理相同的事，除了标签化接口和用户配置。 - -### 9. Terra ### - -![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3700/14307721343_0e55878bb0_z.jpg) - -对于喜欢Terminator和下拉式的资深用户而言，我假设Terra是这两个世界中最好的。在Guake和Terminator之间，Terra在下拉式中支持分割视图和标签。 - -### 10. rxvt ### - -![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2916/14307721303_805fe977ce_o.png) - -如果你的目标是尽可能的轻量，你希望接近xterm，那么rxvt就是为你设计的。它没有标签和自定义，没有分割视图，没有任何东西，要极轻量就用rxvt。如果有时你只需要刚好够的功能，那么rxvt就是为你而生的。 - -### 11. Sakura ### - -![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3823/14287031834_d8a5ac966f_z.jpg) - -作为一款并不有名的终端模拟器，Sakura基于GTK但是并不需要完整的Gnome安装。不像rxvt，Sakura有一些额外的功能，像标签和颜色自定义，但是它尝试保持简单和基础。因此如果你想要一款不针对特定环境的基础终端，Sakura可能是你想要的。 - -### 12. Terminology ### - -![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3706/14264408226_a0223861ae_z.jpg) - -这里面最奇异的终端是Terminology。它原本是为Enlightment设计的，它提出了目前我们看到的经典功能，并且还有我之前没有见过的功能。在这之中有，直接在终端中传输流媒体，甚至是文件列表略缩图。 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/good-terminal-emulator-linux.html - -译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14100905020/ -[2]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14284203351/ -[3]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14100857589/ From 168c9da356a7f2e51fca7a5cae1b8c0842eda555 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Thu, 5 Jun 2014 08:44:34 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 438/601] =?UTF-8?q?GO=EF=BC=8CGO=E7=9A=84=E5=9D=91?= =?UTF-8?q?=EF=BC=8C=E4=BD=A0=E4=BB=AC=E5=88=AB=E6=8A=A2=E5=93=A6=E3=80=82?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- sources/tech/20140603 Write your first Linux Kernel module.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140603 Write your first Linux Kernel module.md b/sources/tech/20140603 Write your first Linux Kernel module.md index 2fbd99ab80..da827b20f3 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140603 Write your first Linux Kernel module.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140603 Write your first Linux Kernel module.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +GOLinux在此蹲着，不怕臭的来抢。。。 Write your first Linux Kernel module ================================================================================ > Ever wanted to start hacking the kernel? Don’t have a clue how to begin? Let us show you how it’s done… @@ -372,4 +373,4 @@ via: http://www.linuxvoice.com/be-a-kernel-hacker/ [1]:http://www.libusb.org/ [2]:http://fuse.sf.net/ [3]:http://www.linuxvoice.com/be-a-kernel-hacker/www.netfilter.org/projects/libnetfilter_queue -[4]:http://lxr.free-electrons.com/ \ No newline at end of file +[4]:http://lxr.free-electrons.com/ From 79621fd2b45b111b03249274ec2f109efcd3c778 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Thu, 5 Jun 2014 09:11:14 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 439/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9A20140529=20W?= =?UTF-8?q?hy=20No=20Flash=20Support=20for=20Linux=20Is=20Good=20for=20Ope?= =?UTF-8?q?n=20Source?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @linuhap 上午发布 --- ...pport for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md | 31 +++++++++++++++++++ ...pport for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md | 31 ------------------- 2 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/20140529 Why No Flash Support for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md delete mode 100644 translated/talk/20140529 Why No Flash Support for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md diff --git a/published/20140529 Why No Flash Support for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md b/published/20140529 Why No Flash Support for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..aec8b27ed8 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20140529 Why No Flash Support for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +为什么Flash不支持Linux对开源比较好 +================================================================================ +> Linux中开源软件Chromium浏览器对Adobe Flash的支持即将结束，这实际上对Linux世界是件好事。 + +![](http://thevarguy.com/site-files/thevarguy.com/files/imagecache/medium_img/uploads/2014/05/noflash.png) + +Flash，这个无处不在的网络媒体框架，很快将不能在linux的[Chromium][1]浏览器中使用了。Chromium是开源版的[Google Chrome][2]浏览器。现在我们要为Linux世界恐慌了吗？答案是根本不用。 + +事情是这样的：Chromium对Flash支持的传统方法是通过使用最初设计用于Netscape浏览器的一个插件实现的，不过很快这个方法将[不能使用了][3]。取而代之的是，Flash支持将通过新的叫做Pepper的API而实现，这是Google为Chrome而制作的。 + +对于Linux用户，问题是Pepper只能用于Chrome，而不能用于其表兄弟Chromium。虽然在技术上可以使Pepper在Chromium上使用，但需要你比一般Linux用户拥有更多的知识才能搞定。 + +这对Linux世界来说是个坏消息，根据[一个统计数据][4]称，有近一半的Linux用户在使用Chromium。在Linux上的其他浏览器，对Flash的支持将在Flash 11.2版本结束，现在它仍然能够良好工作，但是将来可能就不能使用了。这就是说，不久，不论Chromium还是Firefox或者他们的分支或其他的开源软件，将不能可靠地显示基于Flash的内容。 + +但到目前为止，很少有人对此事感到恐慌，事实上他们确实不应该恐慌。从很多方面来说，Flash对Linux不再支持实际上是件好事，因为这将有助于加速Flash的完全消失。毕竟，就如Jim Lynch在IT World上[写的][5]，苹果iOS从没有过Flash支持，但这并没有阻碍iPads或iPhones变得的极为流行。尤其是一些技术如HTML5使得在提供网络内容时不必使用Flash。 + +这件事情里，拒绝支持一个特定的软件包，从长远来看对于Linux社区和更大范畴的IT世界更有好处。这种情况很少见，但当发生在Flash上时，Linux不支持的确是件好事。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://thevarguy.com/open-source-application-software-companies/052814/why-no-flash-support-linux-good-open-source + +译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.chromium.org/ +[2]:https://www.google.com/intl/en-US/chrome/browser/ +[3]:http://www.techrepublic.com/article/browsers-will-flash-linux-into-the-future-or-drag-it-into-the-past/#. +[4]:http://www.techrepublic.com/article/browsers-will-flash-linux-into-the-future-or-drag-it-into-the-past/#. +[5]:http://www.itworld.com/open-source/420319/adobe-flash-critical-future-linux \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/talk/20140529 Why No Flash Support for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md b/translated/talk/20140529 Why No Flash Support for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md deleted file mode 100644 index c811423c88..0000000000 --- a/translated/talk/20140529 Why No Flash Support for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ -为什么Flash不支持Linux对开源比较好 -================================================================================ -> Linux中开源软件Chromium浏览器对Adobe Flash的支持即将结束，这实际上对Linux世界是件好事。 - -![](http://thevarguy.com/site-files/thevarguy.com/files/imagecache/medium_img/uploads/2014/05/noflash.png) - -Flash，无处不在的网络媒体框架，很快将不能在linux的[Chromium][1]浏览器中使用,Chromium是开源版的[Google Chrome][2]浏览器。现在我们要为Linux世界恐慌了吗？答案是根本不用。 - -事情是这样的：Chromium对Flash支持的传统方法是通过使用最初设计用于Netscape浏览器的一个插件实现，很快，这个方法将[不能用][3]。Flash支持将使用新的叫做Pepper的API，这是Google为Chrome而制作的。 - -对于Linux用户，问题是Pepper只能用于Chrome，而不能用于其表兄弟Chromium。虽然在技术上可以使Pepper在Chromium上使用，但做到它需要你比一般Linux用户拥有更多的知识。 - -这对Linux世界来说是个坏消息，根据[该网站][4]可知，有近一半的Linux用户在使用Chromium。在Linux上对于其他的浏览器，Flash的支持以Flash 11.2版本结束，现在它仍然能够良好工作，但是将来可能不能够使用。这是说，不久，不论Chromium还是Firefox或者其他与他们相关的软件，可能将来还能够有效地显示基于Flash的内容。 - -但到目前为止，很少有人对此事感到恐慌，事实上他们确实不应该。从很多方面来说，Flash对Linux不再支持实际上是件好事，因为这将有助于加速Flash的完全消失。毕竟，就像Jim Lynch在IT World上[写的][5],苹果iOS从没有过Flash支持，但这并没有阻碍iPads或iPhones变得的极为流行。尤其是一些技术如HTML5使得在提供网络内容时不必使用Flash。 - -拒绝一个特定的软件包实际上对于Linux社区来说将很有利——有利于IT世界变得更普遍——从长远来看。这种情况很少见，但当发生在Flash上时，对Linux变得不支持的确是件好事。 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://thevarguy.com/open-source-application-software-companies/052814/why-no-flash-support-linux-good-open-source - -译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.chromium.org/ -[2]:https://www.google.com/intl/en-US/chrome/browser/ -[3]:http://www.techrepublic.com/article/browsers-will-flash-linux-into-the-future-or-drag-it-into-the-past/#. -[4]:http://www.techrepublic.com/article/browsers-will-flash-linux-into-the-future-or-drag-it-into-the-past/#. -[5]:http://www.itworld.com/open-source/420319/adobe-flash-critical-future-linux \ No newline at end of file From 683d00a9ed47cfcc490e02fb071b487bf8fbc604 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: carolinewuyan <309866211@qq.com> Date: Thu, 5 Jun 2014 10:52:37 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 440/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9=E4=B8=AD?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/talk/Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md b/translated/talk/Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md index 84b104aa1d..49d1e75cc3 100644 --- a/translated/talk/Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md +++ b/translated/talk/Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md @@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ via: http://thevarguy.com/ubuntu/052214/ubuntu-linux-community-manager-jono-baco [1]:http://www.jonobacon.org/ [2]:http://www.xprize.org/ [3]:http://www.jonobacon.org/2014/05/19/goodbye-canonical-hello-xprize/ -[4]:http://www.xprize.org/about/who-we-are +[4]:http://www.xprize.org/about/who-we-are [5]:http://markshuttleworth.com/ [6]:http://thevarguy.com/ubuntu/ubuntu-software-store-will-your-kids-try-it [7]:http://thevarguy.com/open-source-application-software-companies/tensions-between-ubuntu-fedora-mount-over-new-website -[8]:http://thevarguy.com/var-guy/controversy-erupts-over-amazon-search-ubuntu-1210 \ No newline at end of file +[8]:http://thevarguy.com/var-guy/controversy-erupts-over-amazon-search-ubuntu-1210 From 18791dd41121209a3988eb3f7cbc06f356ea3e24 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: carolinewuyan <309866211@qq.com> Date: Thu, 5 Jun 2014 11:30:46 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 441/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B7=B2=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...munity Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md | 16 ++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/talk/Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md b/translated/talk/Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md index 49d1e75cc3..889b9f5b3a 100644 --- a/translated/talk/Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md +++ b/translated/talk/Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md @@ -2,25 +2,25 @@ Ubuntu Linux社区经理Jono Bacon离开Canonical公司 ================================================================================ ![](http://thevarguy.com/site-files/thevarguy.com/files/imagecache/medium_img/uploads/2014/05/jonobacon.jpg) -几天后，Canonical——Ubuntu Linux背后的公司，将告别其任职长久的社区经理。[Jono Bacon][1]，一直是Ubuntu世界里最熟悉的面孔，他将在[XPRIZE基金会][2]任新职。 +几天后，Canonical——Ubuntu Linux背后的公司，将告别其任职已久的社区经理。[Jono Bacon][1]，一直是 Ubuntu 业界最熟悉的面孔之一，他将在[XPRIZE基金会][2]任新职。 -Bacon于2006年加入Canonical，从[其博客可知][3]他是在决定在收到XPRIZE的录用通知后离开Canonical的，XPRIZE[自称][4]为“创新引擎”和“造福人类的催化剂”。他将会在XPRIZE就任社区主管，施展他在Ubuntu社区过去八年所获得的能力。 +Bacon于2006年加入Canonical，从[其博客可知][3]他是在收到XPRIZE的录用通知后决定离开Canonical的，XPRIZE[自称][4]为“创新引擎”和“造福人类的催化剂”。他将会在XPRIZE就任社区主管，施展他过去八年中在帮助协调Ubuntu社区方面所获得的能力。 -虽然Bacon在Canonical不是直接负责商业或者发展方面，但是他的离开对于Ubuntu和开源世界都是很重大的，在Ubuntu和开源世界里实际社区参与比行政头衔更重要。与Ubuntu的创始人和Canonical的前CEO [Mark Shuttleworth][5]一起，Bacon是自项目早期开始Ubuntu生态系统里的领军人物之一。 +虽然Bacon在Canonical不是直接负责商业或者发展方面，但是他的离开对于Ubuntu和开源界来说都是一件大事儿，在Ubuntu和开源界实际社区参与比行政头衔更重要。与Ubuntu的创始人和Canonical的前CEO [Mark Shuttleworth][5]一起，Bacon是早期Ubuntu生态系统项目的领军人物之一。 -Bacon可以说在塑造Ubuntu的很多方面比Jane Silber更有影响力。Jane Silber自2010年一直是Canonical的CEO，但是他在公共场合的出面一般是很有限的。 +Bacon可以说在塑造Ubuntu的很多方面比Jane Silber更有影响力。Jane Silber自2010年一直是Canonical的CEO，但是他在公共场合的出面一般是很少的。 -Bacon带领的团队包括Daniel Holbach，David Planella，Michael Hall，Nicholas Skaggs和Alan Pope，Alan Pope将会接手他社区领袖的工作，他说。然而，尚不清楚的是Canonical是否会填补他留的社区经理的位子。 +Bacon带领的团队包括Daniel Holbach，David Planella，Michael Hall，Nicholas Skaggs和Alan Pope。Bacon说，他们将会接手他社区领袖的工作。然而，尚不清楚的是Canonical是否会填补他留的社区经理职位。 -也许Canonical不应该。在很多方面，维持一个社区领袖与开源精神格格不入，开源精神往往庆祝的是分散的、用户驱动的社区组织。一些Ubuntu的粉丝可能会因Bacon离职的新闻而惊慌。 +也许Canonical不会。在很多方面，维持一个社区领袖与开源精神格格不入，开源精神往往赞扬的是分散的、用户主导的社区组织。一些Ubuntu的粉丝可能会因Bacon离职的新闻而感到恐慌。 -不过，Bacon帮助指导过Ubuntu社区度过一系列的危机——从Canonical尝试将Ubuntu软件中心设计为一个商店的失败，到与Fedora群体的摩擦，到关于将Amazon.com搜索特性植入到新的Ubuntu的争议。他在Ubuntu的生态系统上留下了印记，而没有他这将完全不同。 +不过，Bacon帮助指导过Ubuntu社区度过一系列的危机——从Canonical将Ubuntu软件中心设计为一个商店的失败尝试，到与Fedora群体的摩擦，到关于将Amazon.com搜索特性植入到新的Ubuntu的争议。他在Ubuntu的生态系统上留下了光辉业绩，没有他这一切将完全不同。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://thevarguy.com/ubuntu/052214/ubuntu-linux-community-manager-jono-bacon-leaves-canonical -译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 419c42c21a7194644e393462b549c404a5d8983e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: shipsw Date: Thu, 5 Jun 2014 12:39:31 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 442/601] Delete 20140603 How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 删除 --- ...rver from the command line in real time.md | 105 ------------------ 1 file changed, 105 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20140603 How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20140603 How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time.md b/sources/tech/20140603 How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time.md deleted file mode 100644 index 79fe811294..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20140603 How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,105 +0,0 @@ -#Translating by shipsw# - -How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time -================================================================================ -Once Nginx web server is [up and running][1] in a production environment, you will want to monitor its activity in real time. In fact, general network monitoring software such as [Nagios][2], Zabbix, Munin provide support for real-time Nginx monitoring. - -However, if you do not need comprehensive reporting capabilities or long-term statistics offered by such tools, but just want a quick and easy way to monitor the requests coming to an Nginx web server, I would recommend a command line tool called [ngxtop][3]. - -You will immediately tell that ngxtop (both its name and interface) is inspired by the famous top command. What ngxtop does is to parse Nginx access log file (and others such as Apache2 log), and display analyzed results via top-like interface in real-time. You can tout your sophisticated monitoring tool all you want, but it cannot beat ngxtop's simplicity, and simplicity is not something that cannot be dismissed. - -In this tutorial, I will describe how to monitor Nginx web server in real time with ngxtop. - -### Install ngxtop on Linux ### - -First, [install pip][4] on your Linux system as a prerequisite for ngxtop. - -Then install ngxtop as follows. - - $ sudo pip install ngxtop - -### Usage of ngxtop ### - -The basic usage of ngxtop is as follows. - - ngxtop [options] - ngxtop [options] (print|top|avg|sum) - ngxtop info - -Here are some of the common options. - -- **-l **: the full path to an access log file (Nginx or Apache2) -- **-f **: access log format -- **--no-follow**: process the current log file snapshot, instead of new lines as they are written to the log file in real time -- **-t **: update interval -- **-n **: the number of lines in the display -- **-o **: ordering criteria (default: count) -- **-a ..., --a ...**: add exp (must be aggregation exp: sum, avg, min, max, etc.) into output -- **-v**: verbose output -- **-i **: only process records matched with filter - -Here are built-in variables (represented as in the above). Their meanings are self-explanatory. - -- body_bytes_send -- http_referer -- http_user_agent -- remote_addr -- remote_user -- request -- status -- time_local - -### Monitor Nginx with ngxtop ### - -By default, ngxtop will try to detect the location of Nginx access log from its config file (/etc/nginx/nginx.conf). Thus, to monitor Nginx, simply run: - - $ ngxtop - -It will display 10 requests served by Nginx, sorted by the number of requests. - -To display top-20 most frequent requests: - - $ ngxtop -n 20 - -![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3820/14294438196_c3996b1c4f_z.jpg) - -To get information about Nginx (including available variable info): - - $ ngxtop info - -![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3813/14317586785_ea6d95cbd0_z.jpg) - -If you want, you can customize the variables to display. For that, simply list variables you are interested in. "print" command will display individual requests. - - $ ngxtop print request http_user_agent remote_addr - -![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3808/14131056547_72f3e8524b_z.jpg) - -To display top IP addresses of clients: - - $ ngxtop top remote_addr - -![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3759/14130973180_1b9c436db3_z.jpg) - -To display requests whose status code is 404: - - $ ngxtop -i 'status == 404' print request status - -![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5482/14130935259_e4d841394f_z.jpg) - -Besides Nginx, ngxtop is capable of processing other log files, such as Apache access logs. To monitor Apache web server, use this command: - - $ tail -f /var/log/apache2/access.log | ngxtop -f common - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/06/monitor-nginx-web-server-command-line-real-time.html - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/01/compile-install-nginx-web-server.html -[2]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/12/monitor-common-services-nagios.html -[3]:https://github.com/lebinh/ngxtop -[4]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/install-pip-linux.html From 219624eb8b7330cc120d401cf106f2a445b2220a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: shipsw Date: Thu, 5 Jun 2014 12:40:50 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 443/601] Create How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 翻译完毕 --- ...rver from the command line in real time.md | 105 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 105 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/tech/How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time.md diff --git a/translated/tech/How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time.md b/translated/tech/How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6d82634165 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time.md @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +如何使用命令行实时监控 Nginx 网站服务器 +================================================================================ +Nginx网站服务器在生产环境中[运行][1]的时候需要进行实时监控。实际上，诸如[Nagios][2], Zabbix, Munin 的网络监控软件是支持 Nginx 监控的。 + +如果你不需要以上软件提供的综合性报告或者长期数据统计功能，只是需要一种快速简便的办法去监控 Nginx 服务器的请求的话，我建议你采用一个叫 [ngxtop][3] 的命令行工具。 + + +你马上就会发现 ngxtop 从界面和名称都借鉴了著名的top命令。ngxtop 是通过分析 Nginx 或者其他的日志文件，使用类似 top 命令的界面实时展示出来的。你可以说你知道的其他高端监控工具，但是在简洁这方面 ngxtop 无疑是最好的。简单是不是就意味着不可替代。 + +本指南中，我将介绍如何使用 ngxtop 实时监控 Nginx 网站服务器。 + +### Linux 上安装 ngxtop ### + +首先在 Linux 系统中安装依赖库[pip][4]。 + +然后使用如下命令安装 ngxtop。 + + $ sudo pip install ngxtop + +### ngxtop 使用 ### + +基本使用方法如下： + + ngxtop [options] + ngxtop [options] (print|top|avg|sum) + ngxtop info + +这里是一些通用选项。 + +- **-l **: 日志文件的完整路径 (Nginx 或 Apache2) +- **-f **: 日志格式 +- **--no-follow**: 处理当前日志文件的快照，而不是实时处理日志文件 +- **-t **: 更新频率 +- **-n **: 命令显示行数 +- **-o **: 排序规则(默认 行数) +- **-a ..., --a ...**: 添加表达式(一般是聚合表达式如： sum, avg, min, max 等)到输出中。 +- **-v**: 输出详细信息 +- **-i **: 只处理符合规则的记录 + + +以下是一些内置变量，他们的含义不言自明。 + +- body_bytes_send +- http_referer +- http_user_agent +- remote_addr +- remote_user +- request +- status +- time_local + +### 使用 ngxtop 监控 Nginx ### + +ngxtop 默认会从其配置文件 (/etc/nginx/nginx.conf) 中查找 Nginx 日志的地址。所以，监控 Nginx ，运行以下命令即可： + + $ ngxtop + +这将会列出10个 Nginx 服务，按请求数量排序。 + +显示前20个最频繁的请求： + + $ ngxtop -n 20 + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3820/14294438196_c3996b1c4f_z.jpg) + +获取Nginx基本信息： + + $ ngxtop info + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3813/14317586785_ea6d95cbd0_z.jpg) + +你可以自定义显示的变量，简单列出需要显示的变量。使用 "print" 命令显示自定义请求。 + + $ ngxtop print request http_user_agent remote_addr + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3808/14131056547_72f3e8524b_z.jpg) + +显示请求最多的客户端IP地址 + + $ ngxtop top remote_addr + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3759/14130973180_1b9c436db3_z.jpg) + +显示状态码是404的请求 + + $ ngxtop -i 'status == 404' print request status + +![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5482/14130935259_e4d841394f_z.jpg) + +除了Nginx，ngtop 还可以处理其他的日志文件，比如 Apache 的访问文件。使用以下命令监控 Apache 服务器: + + $ tail -f /var/log/apache2/access.log | ngxtop -f common + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/06/monitor-nginx-web-server-command-line-real-time.html + +译者：[shipsw](https://github.com/shipsw) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/01/compile-install-nginx-web-server.html +[2]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/12/monitor-common-services-nagios.html +[3]:https://github.com/lebinh/ngxtop +[4]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/install-pip-linux.html From af9266600f8a99e82eda9160f16bb339a06d8a95 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: MikeCoder Date: Thu, 5 Jun 2014 12:49:06 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 444/601] Merge branch 'master', remote-tracking branch 'lctt/master' From 672e7fc5f0ac477c6a5e6c900daad8cf4ac1b209 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: disylee Date: Thu, 5 Jun 2014 14:56:16 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 445/601] 2014-6-5 Translated Signed-off-by: disylee --- ...ual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md | 150 ++++++++++++------ 1 file changed, 99 insertions(+), 51 deletions(-) rename {sources => translated}/tech/20140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md (56%) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md b/translated/tech/20140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md similarity index 56% rename from sources/tech/20140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md rename to translated/tech/20140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md index a802bf13b3..613e264f94 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md +++ b/translated/tech/20140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md @@ -1,70 +1,102 @@ -disylee 占一个，不要跟我抢啦~~ -Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS + + + +在Ubuntu 14.04 LTS系统中设置Apache虚拟主机 ================================================================================ -**Virtual Hosts** are used to setup more than one domain or websites using a single IP address. This is very useful if anybody wants to run multiple websites using a single IP address on single VPS. -In this tutorial, let me show how to setup virtual hosts in Apache web server on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. Be mindful that this tutorial is only tested On Ubuntu 14.04 32bit edition. I may not issue any assurance that this will work on all other Ubuntu lower versions and Ubuntu derivatives. -### Scenario ### +**虚拟主机**常用于单独一个IP地址安装多个域名或网站服务。如果有人想在单个VPS的单个IP地址运行多个网站，这是非常有用的。 -For this tutorial, I will be using Ubuntu 14.04 32bit LTS, and I am going to host two testing websites called “**unixmen1.local**” and “**unixmen2.local**”. My test box IP address and hostname are **192.168.1.250/24** and **server.unixmen.local** respectively. Change the virtual domain names as per your requirement. -### Install Apache Webserver ### +在这个教程中，让我告诉你如何设置在Ubuntu 14.04 LTS的Apache网页服务器设置虚拟主机。请注意，这个教程只针对Ubuntu14.04的32位版本。 +我不能提出人和保证它也可以工作在其它更低的Ubuntu版本或者Ubuntu衍生物。 -Prior to install apache server, let us update our Ubuntu server: + +###方案### + + + +在这个教程中，我会使用Ubuntu 14.04 32位 LTS，并搭建2个测试网站分别命名为“**unixmen1.local**” 和 “**unixmen2.local**”.我的测试机分别为**192.168.1.250/24**和**server.unixmen.local**。你可以根据你的需要更改虚拟域名。 + + + +###安装Apache网站服务器### + + + +安装apache服务器之前，我们来更新一下我们的Ubuntu服务器： sudo apt-get update -Now, install apache web server using the following command: + +现在，用下面命令来安装apache网络服务器： sudo apt-get install apache2 -After installing apache server, let us test whether the webserver is working properly or not by navigating to the URL **http://ip-address/**. - +安装apache服务器之后，让我们通过这个URL **http://ip-address/**来测试网站服务器是否正常工作 ![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Apache2-Ubuntu-Default-Page-It-works-Mozilla-Firefox_001.png) -As you see in the above picture, apache webserver is working. -### Setting Up Virtual Hosts ### +像你所看到以上的图片，apache服务器正在工作。 -#### 1. Create Virtual Directories #### -Now, let us proceed to setup virtual hosts. As I mentioned earlier, I am going to host two virtual hosts called “**unixmen1.local**”, and “**unixmen2.local**”. -Create a public to place the two virtual hosts data’s. +###设置虚拟主机### -First, let us create a directory for unixmen1.local site: + +#### 1.创建虚拟目录 ## + + +现在，让我们继续安装虚拟主机。正如我先前所述，我要新建2台虚拟主机分别命名为“**unixmen1.local**”和“**unixmen2.local**”. + + +创建一个公用的文件夹来存放这两台虚拟主机的数据。 + + +首先，让我们为unixmen1.local这个站点创建一个目录： sudo mkdir -p /var/www/unixmen1.local/public_html -Then, create the directory for unixmen2.local site: +接着，为for unixmen2.local站点创建一个目录： sudo mkdir -p /var/www/unixmen2.local/public_html -#### 2. Setting Up Ownership and Permissions #### -The above directories are owned by root user now. We should change the ownership of these two directories to the regular user, instead of root user. +### 2. 设置所有者和权限 #### + + +上面目录现在只有root拥有权限。我们需要修改这2个目录的拥有权给普通用户，而不仅仅是root用户。 sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /var/www/unixmen1.local/public_html/ sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /var/www/unixmen2.local/public_html/ -The “**$USER**” variable indicates the currently logged in user. +“**$USER**”变量显示了当前的登录用户。 -Set the read permissions to the apache web root (/var/www) directory, so that everyone can read files from that directory. + + + +设置读写权限给apache网页根（/var/www)目录,这样每个人都可以从目录中读取文件。 sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/ -We have created the directories for holding the websites data’s and assigned the necessary permissions and ownership to them. -#### 4. Create Sample pages for Virtual Hosts #### -Now, we have to the sample pages to be served through the websites. First, let us create a sample page to the **unixmen1.local** virtual host. +我们需要创建一些文件夹来保存网络相关数据并分配必要的权限和所属用户。 -Create a index.html for unixmen1.local virtual host, + + +#### 4. 为虚拟主机创建例页 #### + + +现在，我们必须通过网站示例样页。第一步，让我们给虚拟主机窗机一个名为**unixmen1.local**的样页。 + + +给unixmen1.local虚拟主机创建一个目录， sudo vi /var/www/unixmen1.local/public_html/index.html -Add the following contents: + +添加一下内容： @@ -75,13 +107,15 @@ Add the following contents: -Save and close the file. -Similarly, add the sample page to the second virtual host. +保存并关闭文件。 + +同样的，添加样页到第二台虚拟主机。 sudo vi /var/www/unixmen2.local/public_html/index.html -Add the following contents: + +添加一下内容： @@ -92,22 +126,25 @@ Add the following contents: -Save and close the file. +保存并关闭文件。 -#### 5. Create Virtual Host Files #### +#### 5. 创建虚拟主机文件#### -By default, apache comes with a default virtual host file called 000-default.conf. We will copy the **000-default.conf** file contents to our new virtual host files. + +默认情况下，apache有一个默认的虚拟主机文件叫000-default.conf.我们将会复制**000-default.conf**文件内容到我们新的虚拟主机文件中。 sudo cp /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf /etc/apache2/sites-available/unixmen1.local.conf sudo cp /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf /etc/apache2/sites-available/unixmen2.local.conf -Make sure the virtual host files contains .conf extension at the end. -Now, modify the unximen1.local.conf file to reflect with our new own values. +确保虚拟主机文件包含.conf扩展名在内容的最后。 + +现在，修改unximen1.local.conf文件以呈现新的值。 sudo vi /etc/apache2/sites-available/unixmen1.local.conf -Make the relevant changes that reflect to the unixmen1 site. + +使相关的变化直接呈现在unixmen1站点中。 # The ServerName directive sets the request scheme, hostname and port that @@ -141,11 +178,13 @@ Make the relevant changes that reflect to the unixmen1 site. #Include conf-available/serve-cgi-bin.conf -Like wise, modify the second virtual host file. + +同理，修改第二台主机文件。 sudo vi /etc/apache2/sites-available/unixmen2.local.conf -Make the relevant changes that reflect to the unixmen2 site. + +使相关的修改在unixmen2 站点呈现出来。 # The ServerName directive sets the request scheme, hostname and port that @@ -179,50 +218,59 @@ Make the relevant changes that reflect to the unixmen2 site. #Include conf-available/serve-cgi-bin.conf -After modifying the virtual hosts files, disable the default virtual host (000.default.conf), and enable new virtual hosts as shown below. + +修改虚拟主机文件后，使默认的虚拟主机（000.default.conf)不生效，然后使新的虚拟主机生效，如下所示。 sudo a2dissite 000-default.conf sudo a2ensite unixmen1.local.conf sudo a2ensite unixmen2.local.conf -Finally, restart the apache service. + +最后，重启apache服务器。 sudo service apache2 restart -That’s it. Now, we successfully configured the apache virtual hosts on our Ubuntu server. -Testing Virtual Hosts +就是这样。现在，我们成功地配置了apach虚拟主机在我们的Ubuntu服务器上 -Edit file **/etc/hosts**, + +测试虚拟主机 + + +编辑**/etc/hosts**文件， sudo vi /etc/hosts -Add the virtual domain names one by one as shown below. +如下所示挨个添加虚拟域名。 [...] 192.168.1.250 unixmen1.local 192.168.1.250 unixmen2.local -Save and close the file. -Open up your browser and point to the URL **http://unixmen1.local** or **http://unixmen2.local**. You should see the sample pages which we created earlier. +保存并关闭文件。 -**Unixmen1.local Test page:** + +打开你的浏览器并指向**http://unixmen1.local** 或 **http://unixmen2.local**链接。你将会看到我们之前创建的样页。 + + +**Unixmen1.local 测试页:** ![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/www.unixmen1.local-Mozilla-Firefox_004.png) -**Unixmen2.local Test page:** + +**Unixmen2.local 测试页** ![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/www.unixmen2.local-Mozilla-Firefox_005.png) -If you want to access these sites from your remote systems, you should add the actual domain name records in your DNS server. Hence, I don’t have any actual domain names and DNS server, I tested this only on my local system, and Its worked perfectly as I expected. +如果你想从你的远程系统访问这些站点，你需要在你的DNS服务器添加实际域名记录。因此，我不需要人和实际域名和DNS服务器，我只想通过我的本地系统测试，那么它刚好如我所愿地工作。 -Cheers! +Cheers！ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://www.unixmen.com/setup-virtual-hosts-apache-ubuntu-14-04-lts/ -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：disylee(https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 32c2008b279d9e96264cb4c75d1ffecc6ea54dfa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: vic020 Date: Thu, 5 Jun 2014 21:33:54 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 446/601] translated --- ...Why We Shouldn't Accept Bad Linux Ports.md | 26 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/20140528 Why We Shouldn't Accept Bad Linux Ports.md b/sources/talk/20140528 Why We Shouldn't Accept Bad Linux Ports.md index 836e8bbe07..80e183c73a 100644 --- a/sources/talk/20140528 Why We Shouldn't Accept Bad Linux Ports.md +++ b/sources/talk/20140528 Why We Shouldn't Accept Bad Linux Ports.md @@ -1,28 +1,28 @@ -Vic020 -Why We Shouldn't Accept Bad Linux Ports +为什么我们不接收不良Linux 接口 ================================================================================ -Thanks to the recent fiasco of The Witcher 2 I wanted to write down some thoughts on why we shouldn't accept bad quality ports from developers. +由于最近The Witcher 2的惨败，我想写下些想法，为什么我们不应该接受来自开发人员的不良接口。 -Only in recent years have we had so many damned games in our Linux libraries that you now see comments from Linux gamers like "I've got too many games already!" which I imagine now sounds familiar to a lot of you. We have never before seen so much attention from developers thanks to Valve & Steam. +最近几年在我们linux的游戏库有太多该死的游戏，导致你现在可以看到来自linux玩家的评论“我已经有很多游戏了！”现在我可以想象到很多熟悉的声音。感谢Valve&Steam，之前我们从来没有看见过这么多自来开发者的注意力。 -Also thanks to the push from developers we are seeing ports come along that are quite frankly lazy or just downright buggy to the point of being unplayable for a majority of people. +同样由于开发者的提交，我们看见了伴随而来的接口，它们，坦率地说，质量十分的糟糕或者说对于多数人们彻彻底底的不会用。 -The problem is if we keep accepting ports at a sub-par quality then Linux will gain a reputation for having low quality games. Think about that big picture for a moment, seriously. +这个问题就是如果我们继续接受低水平质量的接口，Linux就会赢得一个游戏质量水平低的声誉。严肃地想想一个贴图的大怪兽。 -Imagine if you will that AAA developers started pushing out more games for Linux using technology like this "eON" that was used to port The Witcher 2. Let's say we have a lot of them and it suddenly looks like Linux has a lot of big-name games. You then have plenty of people trying out Linux, and seeing that their games run with terrible performance on the exact same hardware giving them the impression that Linux itself is bad for gaming. That's not good for anyone. +再想象一下，一个3A开发者给linux推送大量游戏，使用用了The Witcher2接口“eON”的技术。那就是说我们有了大量开发者，就像突然看起来Linux有很多大牌游戏了。然后你可以看见大量的人尝试Linux，却看见它们的游戏运行者糟糕的画面，在同等硬件水品下，就会给它们一个印象，linux对游戏不友好。所以，这对所有人都不好。 -I've seen many people say "the toolkit used to port doesn't matter?". That in my eyes is a very naive statement to make. Of course it matters, it can mean the difference of light and day in the quality of a game on Linux. Which directly goes back to my point above about the perception of Linux gaming. -You can still say the toolkit doesn't matter and use whatever comparison/analogy you fancy, but if the toolkit is the root cause of the issue, like it will be 99% of the time when we are talking about computer software then yes, it does of course matter. -I've seen comments now from other major websites stating we should just accept them and be thankful we have them at all. That is an idiotic statement from people who don't look at the bigger picture. +我已经看见许多人说“工具包用于接口真的没关系？”。这在我的眼里看来是一个非常天真的声明。当然，这有关系， 它意味Linux的游戏质量光和天的不同。它直接导致我回到关于Linux游戏的认知之上的观点。 +你可以坚持说工具包没有关系和使用任何比较/类比你幻想，但如果工具包是导致问题的根源，如同当我们讨论计算机软件它会占用99%的时间，是的，它当然有关系！ + +如今，我已经看见许多评论，来自其他主流网页声明，我们应该接受它们并且作感谢状，我们毕竟拥有他们。那真是个白痴的声明，那些不看大局的人。 ![](http://www.gamingonlinux.com/uploads/articles/article_images/1401025331gol2.jpg) -Think about the developers and publishers who will see it as acceptable to push terrible Linux ports out the door and call it a day with only profits in mind. The consumer perception of Linux gaming would worsen yet again with even more bad quality ports. +想想，那些开发者和发行商认为可以接受推送的糟糕linux接口送出了门，总有一天得召回。它们的脑里只有利润。消费者对Linux游戏的感知就会进一步恶化，就是因为这些不良的接口。 -I am all for ports from developers, of course I am I run this site after-all. I as a customer however do not want to pay for games that would work on Windows, but run like a snail on Linux, why should I? Why should you? +我完全赞同来子开发者的接口，当然毕竟我运行着这个网站。但是，我作为一个消费者不愿意在windows可运行的游戏付钱，可是在linux运行得却像蜗牛，为什么我应该？为什么你应该？ -Final added point: You should never attack a developer when they reach out to the community having issues, that's not acceptable. Feedback is fine, but name calling is childish and makes Linux again look bad. +最后增加一个观点：当开发者研究出有问题，发布在社区，你们应该从不攻击它们，这是不可接受的。反馈是很好，骂人是很孩子气，这使得Linux再一次看起来糟糕。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- From f8c4eb3d66c5e1c4cf5d4ad23bac1431e2e0922b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: vic020 Date: Thu, 5 Jun 2014 21:35:03 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 447/601] modified --- .../talk/20140528 Why We Shouldn't Accept Bad Linux Ports.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/20140528 Why We Shouldn't Accept Bad Linux Ports.md b/sources/talk/20140528 Why We Shouldn't Accept Bad Linux Ports.md index 80e183c73a..fa78d5b8fe 100644 --- a/sources/talk/20140528 Why We Shouldn't Accept Bad Linux Ports.md +++ b/sources/talk/20140528 Why We Shouldn't Accept Bad Linux Ports.md @@ -28,6 +28,6 @@ via: http://www.gamingonlinux.com/articles/why-we-shouldnt-accept-bad-linux-ports.3765 -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[Vic020](http://www.vicyu.net) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From d668ea6aa1297e3f4195e32a31bc4c49fb7e5f06 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: vic020 Date: Thu, 5 Jun 2014 21:36:34 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 448/601] move --- .../talk/20140528 Why We Shouldn't Accept Bad Linux Ports.md | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename {sources => translated}/talk/20140528 Why We Shouldn't Accept Bad Linux Ports.md (100%) diff --git a/sources/talk/20140528 Why We Shouldn't Accept Bad Linux Ports.md b/translated/talk/20140528 Why We Shouldn't Accept Bad Linux Ports.md similarity index 100% rename from sources/talk/20140528 Why We Shouldn't Accept Bad Linux Ports.md rename to translated/talk/20140528 Why We Shouldn't Accept Bad Linux Ports.md From 16f80136a8cccf69f713d87d243dc9043894a9db Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Thu, 5 Jun 2014 23:41:23 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 449/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E8=A1=A5=E5=85=85=E5=88=A0=E9=99=A4?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- sources/tech/20140604 Command line secrets.md | 40 ------------------- 1 file changed, 40 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20140604 Command line secrets.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20140604 Command line secrets.md b/sources/tech/20140604 Command line secrets.md deleted file mode 100644 index 01aab5b310..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20140604 Command line secrets.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,40 +0,0 @@ -Translating by john... -Command line secrets -================================================================================ -There are loads of really good reasons to use the command line. It’s the most powerful and concise method of interacting with your computer, as we show in [issue 3 of Linux Voice][1]. However, we decided to take a moment to look at some of its more obscure (and some would say pointless) uses. - -### Browsing the web ### - -Firefox and Chromium are both great browsers, but have you ever thought they’re a little too graphical? No? Well take a look at the video below where we take the elinks web browser out for a spin around hacker news. It might not be as colourful as its more famous rivals, but it manages to render most web pages. - - - -As well has having geek-chic, it can come in handy when you just need to quickly check if a web page is accessible from a computer you only have SSH access to. - -### Looking up definitions on Wikipedia ### - -Yes, we’ve already covered using the web, but the web isn’t the only way of accessing information on Wikipedia. David Leadbeater has set up a DNS server that holds extracts from Wikipedia in DNS entries. This lets you grab information using command line tools such as dig. - - - -### Watch movies ### - -Who needs Netflix or YouTube when you can watch Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope directly in your terminal by telneting into towel.blinkenlights.nl - - - -### Play games ### - -There were plenty of games for Linux before Steam came along, and many of them didn’t need any fancy graphics. NetHack, Robots and Greed are just a few examples. Here’s a peek at Moon Buggy. - - - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.linuxvoice.com/commandline-secrets/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.linuxvoice.com/issue-3-is-out/ \ No newline at end of file From 27f4aad6c364204d1abdecf2a3619d99e14d001d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: disylee Date: Fri, 6 Jun 2014 09:44:32 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 450/601] Update 20140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 发现一个错误自己又改了一下 --- ...0140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/20140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md b/translated/tech/20140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md index 613e264f94..d06bb45da9 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md +++ b/translated/tech/20140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ 在这个教程中，让我告诉你如何设置在Ubuntu 14.04 LTS的Apache网页服务器设置虚拟主机。请注意，这个教程只针对Ubuntu14.04的32位版本。 -我不能提出人和保证它也可以工作在其它更低的Ubuntu版本或者Ubuntu衍生物。 +我不能提出任何保证它也可以工作在其它更低的Ubuntu版本或者Ubuntu衍生物。 ###方案### From ee700e51dc44237a8a4eace9fd5c2c8e29d2b4e9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Fri, 6 Jun 2014 15:11:52 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 451/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AHow=20To=20I?= =?UTF-8?q?nstall=20'California'=20Calendar=20App=20in=20Ubuntu=2014.04?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...alifornia' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md | 71 ++++++++++++++++++ ...alifornia' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md | 74 ------------------- 2 files changed, 71 insertions(+), 74 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md delete mode 100644 translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md diff --git a/published/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md b/published/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c92e1dee93 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +Ubuntu 14.04上怎样安装‘California’ 日历应用 +================================================================================ +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/california-calendar.jpg) + +**当非盈利软件服务商Yorba宣称它上个月开始开发名为‘California’的桌面日历应用程序时，我们很兴奋——我们在自己的头条里面说“正当其时！”** + +Yorba在背后支撑着注重用户体验的电子邮件客户端软件‘Geary’以及华丽的照片管理软件‘Shotwell’，因此，我们自然有理由非常期望他们能够进军linux系统上的生产力软件主流软件。 + +尽管 **California 尚未稳定** 到可以发布到正式的发行版本，但现在可以通过该公司的日常开发的PPA安装到ubuntu系统中。 + +### 迄今取得的进展 ### + +“*Neeeeeyaaaaaaaawwnnn!*” — 那是飞机即将降落在旧金山国际机场的一段警告声音. + +是的，California 正在积极的开发中，该软件尚未完成，也没有稳定到满足每个人每天使用，但是 +如果你愿意搞定一些bug的话，你可以在ubuntu 14.04上安装这款应用程序。 + +是否这样做取决于你的想法。 + +当前的构建（如，在写本文时的）提供了本地管理以及Google 日历和web日历（.ICS）的基本支持。事件可以甚至在GNOME桌面的日期/时间小程序中显示. + +#### 自然语言输入 #### + +当你第一次打开California 软件时，呈现在你面前的是当月概要，目前还没有按星期，年，议程去查看的方法，起码我没找到。你可以使用导航按钮而切换月份. + +可以通过点击工具栏中的日历图标创建新的日历（*如 ‘工作‘, ‘宠物照料‘*）及打开/关闭它。当所有的日历都展现在主窗口时，每个日历通过不同颜色来视觉区分。 + +要创建新的事件，点击‘+’图标, 然后在弹出的输入框中使用**自然语言输入**，输入你想要提交事件的描述（译注：显然你得用英语）。例如, 输入内容“*Bake Sansa Stark A Lemon Cake on Wednesday 2.45 PM*”将在周三的这个时间(14:45)加入该事件。 + +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Screen-Shot-2014-05-15-at-21.26.20.png) + +我希望这个功能变得更加完善些。现在，尽管它能够精准定位日期，但不支持重复性事件的创建 +（e.g., via “*Skype chat with Sam every Tuesday at 7 AM*“）也不能识别地点或人物（e.g., “*Coffee with Penelope on Monday 12 PM at Boston Tea Party*“）。 + +要修改正确些，你可以在网格视图上双击它们来完善和编辑创建好条目。这将打开一个包含附加字段、时间选择、日期格式等的窗口。 + +#### 不够完善 #### + +如果说有一些缺陷，那就是在外观上(这个阶段的bugs和欠缺的功能可以被忽略)。虽然在 Adwaita 主题下看来已经很棒了，不过在 Ubuntu 默认主题下它看起来糟透了。 + +这不是Yorba（或GNOME）的错误，而是Ubuntu开发团队仍然没有在Compiz里面增加对GNOME新的GTK标题栏的支持，现在还在使用 Unity 来渲染窗口。 + +California 在ubuntu系统上完全可用，这个问题只是在发行版升级之后。 这个问题没有影响到Ubuntu GNOME或Linux Mint。 + +### 在ubuntu14.04中安装California ### + +如果你没注意先前的提醒，我们再次重申：California 尚未稳定，正处于积极的开发中。 + +这个[Yorba Daily PPA][2] 也包含了最新(未稳定)的Shotwell和Geary版本。将这个PPA安装到你的系统中将能够使这些软件也更新了。 + + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yorba/daily-builds + sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install california + +另一个安全试用这个软件的方法是，[直接下载来自PPA的.deb安装包][3]: + +- [Download California for Ubuntu 14.04 (64bit)][4] +- [Download California for Ubuntu 14.04 (32bit)][5] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/california-calendar-app-hits-yorba-daily-ppa + +译者：[hunanchenxingyu](https://github.com/hunanchenxingyu) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/yorba-california-calendar-app-linux +[2]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/ +[3]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+packages +[4]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+files/california_0.1.0-0%7E188%7Eubuntu14.04.1_amd64.deb +[5]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+files/california_0.1.0-0%7E188%7Eubuntu14.04.1_i386.deb \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md b/translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2c23ceb382..0000000000 --- a/translated/tech/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,74 +0,0 @@ -Ubuntu 14.04上怎样安装‘California’ 日历应用 -================================================================================ -![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/california-calendar.jpg) - -**当非盈利软件安装Yorba时表明它开始用在被称为‘California’的桌面日历应用程序中，在上个月的 那段时间里我们都很兴奋，我们在自己的头条中进行了声明.** - -那是非常好的理由，Yorba在背后支撑着用户体验好的电子邮件客户端软件‘Geary’以及照片管理软件‘Shotwell’.期望他们能够自然的成为linux系统的主流软件. - -尽管 **California 尚未稳定** 到保证一个正式的发行版本，但现在将公司日常开发的PPA(Personal Package Archives)安装到ubuntu系统中是可使用的. - -### 迄今取得的进展 ### - -“*Neeeeeyaaaaaaaawwnnn!*” — 那是飞机即将降落在旧金山国际机场的一段警告声音. - -是的，California 正在积极的开发中，该软件没有完成，也没有稳定到满足任何人每天使用，但是 -如果你能够很聪明的处理一些bug的话，你能够在ubuntu 14.04上安装这款应用程序 - -是否这样做取决于你的需要. - -当前的构建提供了本地管理以及Google 日历和web日历的基本支持. 事件甚至在GNOME桌面 -的日期/时间小程序中显示. - -#### 自然语言输入 #### - -当你第一次打开California 软件时，当月的概要呈现在你的面前，目前还没有-至少我能够找到一种方法 -按星期，年，议程去查看. 尽管月份使用导航按钮，然而能够周期性的操作. - -通过点击工具栏中的日历图标创建新的日历（*e.g., ‘work‘, ‘pet schedule‘*）及打开/关闭. 当所有的日历都展现在主窗口时，每个日历分配的不同颜色能够带来视觉的区分. - -为了创建新的事件，点击‘+’图标, 然后在弹出的输入框中使用**自然语言输入**，输入你想要提交事件的描述. 例如, 输入内容“*Bake Sansa Stark A Lemon Cake on Wednesday 2.45 PM*”将嵌入新的条目在周三的这个时间(14:45). - -![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Screen-Shot-2014-05-15-at-21.26.20.png) - -我不能等待这个功能变得更加完善。现在，尽管它能够精准定位日期，但不支持经常性事件的创建 -（e.g., via “*Skype chat with Sam every Tuesday at 7 AM*“）也不能填写地点或人物（e.g., “*Coffee with Penelope on Monday 12 PM at Boston Tea Party*“）. - -为了能够更好的控制，你可以在网格视图上双击它们来完善和编辑创建好条目. 将打开一个包含附加字段、时间选择、日期格式等的窗口. - -#### 缺乏光芒 #### - -在外观上如果有一些缺陷被发现(这个阶段bugs和遗漏选项应该被忽略). 然而在 Adwaita看来已经很棒了，ubuntu默认主题下它看起来糟透了. - -这不是Yorba的错误（或GNOME） 只是Ubuntu开发团队不再增加主题来支持GNOME新的GTK标题栏以及‘光主题’的模式对话框 - -California 在ubuntu系统上完全可用，恰巧运行在相似软件分发升级失败之后. 这个问题将不影响它们在ubuntu GNOME中的运行或第三方主题的切换 - - -### 在ubuntu14.04中安装California ### - -如果你掩饰先前的警告， 我们再次重声：California 尚未稳定，正处于积极的开发中. - -这个[Yorba Daily PPA][2] 包含最新(未稳定)的Shotwell和Geary版本. 将这个PPA安装到你的系统中将能够看到这些软件的更新. - - sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yorba/daily-builds - sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install california - -可通过一个安全的方法来使用这个应用程序，便是[直接下载来自PPA的.deb安装包][3]: - -- [Download California for Ubuntu 14.04 (64bit)][4] -- [Download California for Ubuntu 14.04 (32bit)][5] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/california-calendar-app-hits-yorba-daily-ppa - -译者：[hunanchenxingyu](https://github.com/hunanchenxingyu) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/yorba-california-calendar-app-linux -[2]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/ -[3]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+packages -[4]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+files/california_0.1.0-0%7E188%7Eubuntu14.04.1_amd64.deb -[5]:https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/daily-builds/+files/california_0.1.0-0%7E188%7Eubuntu14.04.1_i386.deb \ No newline at end of file From dfe1ead8a69831d6f4f5b18e9a61289fb7edec3f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: GOLinux Date: Fri, 6 Jun 2014 15:23:27 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 452/601] Translated:20140603 Write Your First Linux Kernel Module.md --- ...03 Write your first Linux Kernel module.md | 376 ------------------ ...03 Write your first Linux Kernel module.md | 369 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 369 insertions(+), 376 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20140603 Write your first Linux Kernel module.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20140603 Write your first Linux Kernel module.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20140603 Write your first Linux Kernel module.md b/sources/tech/20140603 Write your first Linux Kernel module.md deleted file mode 100644 index da827b20f3..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20140603 Write your first Linux Kernel module.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,376 +0,0 @@ -GOLinux在此蹲着，不怕臭的来抢。。。 -Write your first Linux Kernel module -================================================================================ -> Ever wanted to start hacking the kernel? Don’t have a clue how to begin? Let us show you how it’s done… - -Kernel programming is often seen as a black magic. In Arthur C Clarke’s sense, it probably is. The Linux kernel is quite different from its user space: many abstractions are waived, and you have to take extra care, as a bug in you code affects the whole system. There is no easy way to do floating-point maths, the stack is fixed and small, and the code you write is always asynchronous so you need to think about the concurrency. Despite all of this though, the Linux kernel is just a very large and complex C program that is open for everyone to read, learn and improve, and you too can be a part of it. - -> “The easiest way to start kernel programming -> is to write a module – a piece of code that -> can be dynamically loaded into the kernel.“ - -Probably the easiest way to start kernel programming is to write a module – a piece of code that can be dynamically loaded into the kernel and removed from it. There are limits to what modules can do – for example, they can’t add or remove fields to common data structures like process descriptors. But in all other ways they are full-fledged kernel-level code, and they can always be compiled into the kernel (thus removing all the restrictions) if needed. It is fully possible to develop and compile a module outside the Linux source tree (this is unsurprisingly called an out-of-tree build), which is very convenient if you just want to play a bit and do not wish to submit your changes for inclusion into the mainline kernel. - -In this tutorial, we’ll develop a simple kernel module that creates a **/dev/reverse** device. A string written to this device is read back with the word order reversed (“Hello World” becomes “World Hello”). It is a popular programmer interview puzzle, and you are likely to get some bonus points when you show the ability to implement it at the kernel level as well. A word of warning before we start: a bug in your module may lead to a system crash and (unlikely, but possible) data loss. Be sure you’ve backed up all your important data before you start, or, even better, experiment in a virtual machine. - -### Avoid root if possible ### - -> By default, **/dev/reverse** is available to root only, so you’ll have to run your test programs with **sudo**. To fix this, create a **/lib/udev/rules.d/99-reverse.rules** file that contains: -> -> SUBSYSTEM=="misc", KERNEL=="reverse", MODE="0666" -> -> Don’t forget to reinsert the module. Making device nodes accessible to non-root users is generally not a good idea, but it is quite useful during development. This is not to mention that running test binaries as root is not a good idea either. - -#### A module’s anatomy #### - -As most of the Linux kernel modules are written in C (apart from low-level architecture-specific parts), it is recommended that you keep your module in a single file (say, reverse.c). We’ve put the full source code on GitHub – and here we’ll look at some snippets of it. To begin, let’s include some common headers and describe the module using predefined macros: - - #include - #include - #include - - MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); - MODULE_AUTHOR("Valentine Sinitsyn "); - MODULE_DESCRIPTION("In-kernel phrase reverser"); - -Everything is straightforward here, except for **MODULE_LICENSE()**: it is not a mere marker. The kernel strongly favours GPL-compatible code, so if you set the licence to something non GPL-compatible (say, “Proprietary”), certain kernel functions will not be available to your module. - -### When not to write a kernel module ### - -> Kernel programming is fun, but writing (and especially debugging) kernel code in a real-world project requires certain skills. In general, you should descend to the kernel level only if there is no other way to solve your problem. Chances are you can stay in the userspace if: -> -> - You develop a USB driver – have a look at [libusb][1]. -> - You develop a filesystem – try [FUSE][2]. -> - You are extending Netfilter – [libnetfilter_queue][3] may help you then. -> -> Generally, native kernel code will perform better, but for many projects this performance loss isn’t crucial. - -Since kernel programming is always asynchronous, there is no **main()** function that Linux executes sequentially to run your module. Instead, you provide callbacks for various events, like this: - - static int __init reverse_init(void) - { - printk(KERN_INFO "reverse device has been registered\n"); - return 0; - } - - static void __exit reverse_exit(void) - { - printk(KERN_INFO "reverse device has been unregistered\n"); - } - - module_init(reverse_init); - module_exit(reverse_exit); - -Here, we define functions to be called on the module’s insertion and removal. Only the first one is required. For now, they simply print a message to the kernel ring buffer (accessible from the userspace via the **dmesg** command); **KERN_INFO** is a log level (note there is no comma). **__init** and **__exit** are attributes – the pieces of metadata attached to functions (or variables). Attributes are rarely seen in userspace C code but are pretty common in the kernel. Everything marked with **__init** is recycled after the initialisation (remember the old “Freeing unused kernel memory…” message?). **__exit** denotes functions that are safe to optimise out when the code is built statically into the kernel. Finally, the **module_init()** and **module_exit()** macros set **reverse_init()** and **reverse_exit()** functions as lifecycle callbacks for our module. The actual function names aren’t important; you can call them **init()** and **exit()** or **start()** and **stop()**, if you wish. They are declared static and hence invisible outside your module. In fact, any function in the kernel is invisible unless explicitly exported. However, prefixing your functions with a module name is a common convention among kernel programmers. - -These are bare bones – let’s make things more interesting. Modules can accept parameters, like this: - - # modprobe foo bar=1 - -The **modinfo** command displays all parameters accepted by the module, and these are also available under **/sys/module//parameters** as files. Our module will need a buffer to store phrases – let’s make its size user-configurable. Add the following three lines just below **MODULE_DESCRIPTION()**: - - static unsigned long buffer_size = 8192; - module_param(buffer_size, ulong, (S_IRUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH)); - MODULE_PARM_DESC(buffer_size, "Internal buffer size"); - -Here, we define a variable to store the value, wrap it into a parameter, and make it readable by everyone via sysfs. The parameter’s description (the last line) appears in the modinfo’s output. - -As the user can set **buffer_size** directly, we need to sanitise it in **reverse_init()**. You should always check the data that comes outside the kernel – if you don’t, you are opening yourself to kernel panics or even security holes. - - static int __init reverse_init() - { - if (!buffer_size) - return -1; - printk(KERN_INFO - "reverse device has been registered, buffer size is %lu bytes\n", - buffer_size); - return 0; - } - -Non-zero return value from a module init function indicates a failure. - -### Navigation ### - -> The Linux kernel is the ultimate source for everything you may need when developing modules. However, it’s quite big, and you may have trouble trying to find what you are after. Luckily, there are tools that make it easier to navigate large codebases. First of all, there is Cscope – a venerable tool that runs in a terminal. Simply run **make cscope && cscope** in the kernel sources top-level directory. Cscope integrates well with Vim and Emacs, so you can use it without leaving the comfort of your favorite editor. -> -> If terminal-based tools aren’t your cup of tea, visit [http://lxr.free-electrons.com][4]. It is a web-based kernel navigation tool with not quite as many features as Cscope (for example, you can’t easily find usages for the function), but it still provides enough for the quick lookups. - -Now it’s time to compile the module. You will need the headers for the kernel version you are running (**linux-headers** or equivalent package) and **build-essential** (or analogous). Next, it’s time to create a boilerplate Makefile: - - obj-m += reverse.o - all: - make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) modules - clean: - make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) clean - -Now, call **make** to build your first module. If you typed everything correctly, you will find **reverse.ko** in the current directory. Insert it with **sudo insmod reverse.ko**, and run: - - $ dmesg | tail -1 - [ 5905.042081] reverse device has been registered, buffer size is 8192 bytes - -Congratulations! However, for now this line is telling lies – there is no device node yet. Let’s fix it. - -#### Miscellaneous devices #### - -In Linux, there is a special character device type called “miscellaneous” (or simply “misc”). It is designed for small device drivers with a single entry point, and is exactly what we need. All misc devices share the same major number (10), so the one driver (**drivers/char/misc.c**) can look after all of them, and they are distinguished by their minor numbers. In all other senses, they are just normal character devices. - -To register a minor number (and an entry point) for the device, you declare **struct misc_device**, fill its fields (note the syntax), and call **misc_register()** with a pointer to this structure. For this to work, you will also need to include the **linux/miscdevice.h** header file: - - static struct miscdevice reverse_misc_device = { - .minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR, - .name = "reverse", - .fops = &reverse_fops - }; - static int __init reverse_init() - { - ... - misc_register(&reverse_misc_device); - printk(KERN_INFO ... - } - -Here, we request a first available (dynamic) minor number for the device named “reverse”; th ellipsis indicates omitted code that we’ve already seen. Don’t forget to unregister the device on the module’s teardown: - - static void __exit reverse_exit(void) - { - misc_deregister(&reverse_misc_device); - ... - } - -The ‘fops’ field stores a pointer to a struct **file_operations** (declared in linux/fs.h), and this is the entry point for our module. **reverse_fops** is defined as: - - static struct file_operations reverse_fops = { - .owner = THIS_MODULE, - .open = reverse_open, - ... - .llseek = noop_llseek - }; - -Again, **reverse_fops** contains a set of callbacks (also known as methods) to be executed when userspace code opens a device, reads from it, writes to it or closes the file descriptor. If you omit any of these, a sensible fallback will be used instead. That’s why we explicitly set the **llseek** method to **noop_llseek()**, which (as the name implies) does nothing. The default implementation changes a file pointer, and we don’t want our device to be seekable now (this will be your home assignment for today). - -#### I open at the close #### - -Let’s implement the methods. We’ll allocate a new buffer for each file descriptor opened, and free it on close. This is not really safe: if a userspace application leaks descriptors (perhaps intentionally), it may hog the RAM, and render the system unusable. You should always think about these possibilities in the real world, but for the tutorial, it’s acceptable. - -We’ll need a structure to describe the buffer. The kernel provides many generic data structures: linked lists (which are double-linked), hash tables, trees and so on. However, buffers are usually implemented from scratch. We will call ours “struct buffer”: - - struct buffer { - char *data, *end, *read_ptr; - unsigned long size; - }; - -**data** is a pointer to the string this buffer stores, and end is the first byte after the string end. **read_ptr** is where **read()** should start reading the data from. The buffer size is stored for the completeness – for now, we don’t use this field. You shouldn’t assume the users of your structure will correctly initialise all of these, so it is better to encapsulate buffer allocation and deallocation in functions. They are usually named **buffer_alloc()** and **buffer_free()**. - - static struct buffer *buffer_alloc(unsigned long size) - { - struct buffer *buf; - buf = kzalloc(sizeof(*buf), GFP_KERNEL); - if (unlikely(!buf)) - goto out; - ... - out: - return buf; - } - -Kernel memory is allocated with **kmalloc()** and freed with **kfree()**; the **kzalloc()** flavour sets the memory to all-zeroes. Unlike standard **malloc()**, its kernel counterpart receives flags specifying the type of memory requested in the second argument. Here, **GFP_KERNEL** means we need a normal kernel memory (not in DMA or high-memory zones) and the function can sleep (reschedule the process) if needed. **sizeof(*buf)** is a common way to get the size of a structure accessible via pointer. - -You should always check **kmalloc()**’s return value: dereferencing NULL pointer will result in kernel panic. Also note the use of **unlikely()** macro. It (and the opposite **likely()** macro) is widely used in the kernel to signify that the condition is almost always true (or false). It doesn’t affect control flow, but helps modern processors to boost performance with branch prediction. - -Finally, note the **gotos**. They are often considered evil, however, the Linux kernel (and some other system software) employs them to implement centralised function exiting. This results in less deeply nested and more readable code, and is much like the **try-ctach** blocks used in higher-level languages. - -With **buffer_alloc()** and **buffer_free()** in place, the implementation of the **open** and **close** methods becomes pretty straightforward. - - static int reverse_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file) - { - int err = 0; - file->private_data = buffer_alloc(buffer_size); - ... - return err; - } - -**struct file** is a standard kernel data structure that stores information about an opened file, like current file position (**file->f_pos**), flags (**file->f_flags**), or open mode (**file->f_mode**). Another field, **file->private_data** is used to associate the file with some arbitrary data. Its type is void *, and it is opaque to the kernel outside the file’s owner. We store a buffer there. - -If the buffer allocation fails, we indicate this to the calling user space code by returning negative value (**-ENOMEM**). A C library doing **open(2)** system call (probably, **glibc**) will detect this and set **errno** appropriately. - -#### Learn to read and write #### - -“Read” and “write” methods are where the real job is done. When data is written to a buffer, we drop its previous contents and reverse the phrase in-place, without any temporary storage. The **read** method simply copies the data from the kernel buffer into the userspace. But what should the **reverse_read()** method do if there is no data in the buffer yet? In userspace, the **read()** call would block until the data is available. In the kernel, you must wait. Luckily, there is a mechanism for this, and it is called ‘wait queues’. - -The idea is simple. If a current process needs to wait for some event, its descriptor (a **struct task_struct** stored as ‘current’) is put into non-runnable (sleeping) state and added to a queue. Then **schedule()** is called to select another process to run. A code that generates the event uses the queue to wake up the waiters by putting them back to the **TASK_RUNNING** state. The scheduler will select one of them somewhere in the future. Linux has several non-runnable process states, most notably **TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE** (a sleep that can be interrupted with a signal) and **TASK_KILLABLE** (a sleeping process that can be killed). All of this should be handled correctly, and wait queues do this for you. - -A natural place to store our read wait queue head is struct buffer, so start with adding **wait_queue_head_t read_queue** field to it. You should also include **linux/sched.h**. A wait queue can be declared statically with DECLARE_WAITQUEUE() macro. In our case, dynamic initialisation is needed, so add this line to **buffer_alloc()**: - - init_waitqueue_head(&buf->read_queue); - -We wait for the data to be available; or for **read_ptr != end** condition to become true. We also want the wait to be interruptible (say, by Ctrl+C). So the “read” method should start like this: - - static ssize_t reverse_read(struct file *file, char __user * out, - size_t size, loff_t * off) - { - struct buffer *buf = file->private_data; - ssize_t result; - while (buf->read_ptr == buf->end) { - if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK) { - result = -EAGAIN; - goto out; - } - if (wait_event_interruptible - (buf->read_queue, buf->read_ptr != buf->end)) { - result = -ERESTARTSYS; - goto out; - } - } - ... - -We loop until the data is available and use **wait_event_interruptible()** (it’s a macro, not a function, that’s why the queue is passed by value) to wait if it isn’t. If **wait_event_interruptible()** is, well, interrupted, it returns a non-zero value, which we translate to **-ERESTARTSYS**. This code means the system call should be restarted. **file->f_flags** check accounts for files opened in non-blocking mode: if there is no data, we return **-EAGAIN**. - -We can’t use **if()** instead of **while()**, since there can be many processes waiting for the data. When the **write** method awakes them, the scheduler chooses the one to run in an unpredictable way, so by the time this code is given a chance to execute, the buffer can be empty again. Now we need to copy the data from **buf->data** to the userspace. The **copy_to_user()** kernel function does just that: - - size = min(size, (size_t) (buf->end - buf->read_ptr)); - if (copy_to_user(out, buf->read_ptr, size)) { - result = -EFAULT; - goto out; - } - -The call can fail if the user space pointer is wrong; if this happen, we return **-EFAULT**. Remember not to trust anything coming outside the kernel! - - buf->read_ptr += size; - result = size; - out: - return result; - } - -Simple arithmetic is needed so the data can be read in arbitrary chunks. The method returns the number of bytes read or an error code. - -The write method is simpler and shorter. First, we check that the buffer have enough space, then we use the **copy_from_userspace()** function to get the data. Then **read_ptr** and end pointers are reset and the buffer contents are reversed: - - buf->end = buf->data + size; - buf->read_ptr = buf->data; - if (buf->end > buf->data) - reverse_phrase(buf->data, buf->end - 1); - -Here, **reverse_phrase()** does all heavy lifting. It relies on the **reverse_word()** function, which is quite short and marked inline. This is another common optimisation; however, you shouldn’t overuse it, since aggressive inlining makes the kernel image unnecessarily large. - -Finally, we need to wake up processes waiting for the data at **read_queue**, as described earlier. **wake_up_interruptible()** does just that: - - wake_up_interruptible(&buf->read_queue); - -Phew! You now have a kernel module that at least compiles successfully. Now it’s time to test it. - -### Debugging kernel code ### - -> Perhaps the most common debugging method in the kernel is printing. You can use plain **printk()** (presumably with **KERN_DEBUG** log level) if you wish. However, there are better ways. Use **pr_debug()** or **dev_dbg()**, if you are writing a device driver that has its own “struct device”: they support the dynamic debug (**dyndbg**) feature and can be enabled or disabled on request (see **Documentation/dynamic-debug-howto.txt**). For pure development messages, use **pr_devel()**, which becomes a no-op unless DEBUG is defined. To enable DEBUG for our module, include: -> -> CFLAGS_reverse.o := -DDEBUG -> -> in the Makefile. After that, use **dmesg** to view debug messages generated by **pr_debug()** or **pr_devel()**. -> -> Alternatively, you can send debug messages directly to the console. To do this, either set the **console_loglevel** kernel variable to 8 or greater (**echo 8 /proc/sys/kernel/printk**) or temporarily print the debug message in question at the high log level like **KERN_ERR**. Naturally, you should remove debug statements of this kind before publishing your code. -> -> Note that kernel messages appear on the console, not in a terminal emulator window such as Xterm; that’s why you’ll find recommendations not to do kernel development in the X environment. - -### Surprise, surprise! ### - -Compile the module and load it into the kernel: - - $ make - $ sudo insmod reverse.ko buffer_size=2048 - $ lsmod - reverse 2419 0 - $ ls -l /dev/reverse - crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 10, 58 Feb 22 15:53 /dev/reverse - -Everything seems to be in place. Now, to test how the module works, we’ll write a small program that reverses its first command line argument. The **main()** function (sans error checking) may look like this: - - int fd = open("/dev/reverse", O_RDWR); - write(fd, argv[1], strlen(argv[1])); - read(fd, argv[1], strlen(argv[1])); - printf("Read: %s\n", argv[1]); - -Run it as: - - $ ./test 'A quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog' - Read: dog lazy the over jumped fox brown quick A - -It works! Play with it a little: try passing single-word or single-letter phrases, empty or non-English strings (if you have a keyboard layout set) and anything else. - -Now let’s make things a little trickier. We’ll create two processes that share the file descriptor (and hence the kernel buffer). One will continuously write strings to the device, and another will read them. The **fork(2)** system call is used in the example below, but pthreads will work as well. I also omitted the code that opens and closes the device and does the error checking (again): - - char *phrase = "A quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog"; - if (fork()) - /* Parent is the writer */ - while (1) - write(fd, phrase, len); - else - /* child is the reader */ - while (1) { - read(fd, buf, len); - printf("Read: %s\n", buf); - } - -What do you expect this program to output? Below is what I’ve got on my laptop: - - Read: dog lazy the over jumped fox brown quick A - Read: A kcicq brown fox jumped over the lazy dog - Read: A kciuq nworb xor jumped fox brown quick A - Read: A kciuq nworb xor jumped fox brown quick A - ... - -What’s going on here? It’s a race. We thought **read** and **write** were atomic, or executed one instruction at a time from the beginning till the end. However the kernel is a concurrent beast, and it can easily reschedule the process running the kernel-mode part of the **write** operation somewhere inside the **reverse_phrase()** function. If the process that does **read()** is scheduled before the writer is given a chance to finish, it will see the data in an inconsistent state. Such bugs are really hard to debug. But how to fix it? - -Basically, we need to ensure that no **read** method can be executed until the write method returns. If you ever programmed a multi-threaded application, you’ve probably seen synchronisation primitives (locks) like mutexes or semaphores. Linux has them as well, but there are nuances. Kernel code can run in the process context (working “on behalf” of the userspace code, as our methods do) and in the interrupt context (for example, in an IRQ handler). If you are in the process context and a lock you need has already been taken, you simply sleep and retry until you succeed. You can’t sleep in the interrupt context, so the code spins in a loop until the lock become available. The corresponding primitive is called a spinlock, but in our case, a simple mutex – an object that only one process can “hold” at the given time – is sufficient. A real-world code may also use a read-write semaphore, for performance reasons. - -Locks always protect some data (in our case, a “struct buffer” instance), and it is very common to embed them in a structure they are protecting. So we add a mutex (‘struct mutex lock’) into the “struct buffer”. We must also initialise the mutex with **mutex_init()**; **buffer_alloc()** is a good place for this. The code that uses mutexes must also include **linux/mutex.h**. - -A mutex is much like a traffic light – it’s useless unless drivers look at it and follow the signals. So we need to update **reverse_read()** and **reverse_write()** to acquire the mutex before doing anything to the buffer and release it when they are done. Let’s have a look at the **read** method – **write** works just the same way: - - static ssize_t reverse_read(struct file *file, char __user * out, - size_t size, loff_t * off) - { - struct buffer *buf = file->private_data; - ssize_t result; - if (mutex_lock_interruptible(&buf->lock)) { - result = -ERESTARTSYS; - goto out; - } - -We acquire the lock at the very beginning of the function. **mutex_lock_interruptible()** either grabs the mutex and returns or puts the process to sleep until the mutex is available. As before, the **_interruptible** suffix means the sleep can be interrupted with a signal. - - while (buf->read_ptr == buf->end) { - mutex_unlock(&buf->lock); - /* ... wait_event_interruptible() here ... */ - if (mutex_lock_interruptible(&buf->lock)) { - result = -ERESTARTSYS; - goto out; - } - } - -Below is our “wait for the data” loop. You should never sleep when holding a mutex, or a situation called a “deadlock” may occur. So, if there is no data, we release the mutex and call **wait_event_interruptible()**. When it returns, we reacquire the mutex and continue as usual: - - if (copy_to_user(out, buf->read_ptr, size)) { - result = -EFAULT; - goto out_unlock; - } - ... - out_unlock: - mutex_unlock(&buf->lock); - out: - return result; - -Finally, the mutex is unlocked when the function ends or if an error occurs while the mutex is being held. Recompile the module (don’t forget to reload it) and run the second test again. You should see no corrupted data now. - -### What’s next? ### - -Now you have a taste of kernel hacking. We’ve just scratched the surface of the topic, and there is much more to see. Our first module was intentionally simple, however the concepts you learned will stay the same in more complex scenarios as well. Concurrency, method tables, registering callbacks, putting processes to sleep and waking them up are things that every kernel hacker should be comfortable with, and now you’ve seen all of them in action. Maybe your kernel code will end up in the mainline Linux source tree some day – drop us a line if this happens! - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.linuxvoice.com/be-a-kernel-hacker/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.libusb.org/ -[2]:http://fuse.sf.net/ -[3]:http://www.linuxvoice.com/be-a-kernel-hacker/www.netfilter.org/projects/libnetfilter_queue -[4]:http://lxr.free-electrons.com/ diff --git a/translated/tech/20140603 Write your first Linux Kernel module.md b/translated/tech/20140603 Write your first Linux Kernel module.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c70ec1ec11 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20140603 Write your first Linux Kernel module.md @@ -0,0 +1,369 @@ +编写属于你的第一个Linux内核模块 +================================================================================ +> 曾经多少次想要在内核游荡？曾经多少次茫然不知方向？你不要再对着它迷惘，让我们指引你走向前方…… +内核编程常常看起来像是黑魔法，而在亚瑟 C 克拉克的眼中，它八成就是了。Linux内核和它的用户空间是大不相同的：抛开漫不经心，你必须小心翼翼，因为你编程中的一个bug就会影响到整个系统。浮点数学做起来可不容易，堆栈固定而渺小，而你写的代码总是异步的，因此你需要想想怎样让它并发。而除了所有这一切之外，Linux内核只是一个很大的、很复杂的C程序，它对每个人开放，任何人都去读它、学习它并改进它，而你也可以是其中之一。 + +> “开始内核编程的最简单的方式 +> 是写模块——一段代码 +> 可以用来动态加载进内核。” + +可能，开始内核编程的最简单的方式，就是写模块——一段可以动态加载进内核并从内核移除的代码。模块所能做的事是有限的——例如，他们不能添加或移除像进程描述符这样的常规数据结构域。但是，在其它方面，他们是成熟的内核级的代码，可以在需要时随时编译进内核（这样就可以摒弃所有的限制了）。完全可以在Linux源代码树以外来开发并编译一个模块（这并不奇怪，它称为树外开发），如果你只是想稍微玩玩，而并不想提交修改以包含到主线内核中去，这样的方式是很方便的。 + +在本教程中，我们将开发一个简单的内核模块用以创建一个**/dev/reverse**设备。写入该设备的字符串将以逆序的方式读回（“Hello World”读成“World Hello”）。这是一个流行的节目采访智力游戏，而当你展示能力来实施时，你也可能获得一些奖励分。在开始前，有一句忠告：你的模块中的一个bug会导致系统崩溃（虽然可能性不大，但还是有可能的）和数据丢失。在开始前，请确保你已经将重要数据备份，或者，采用一种更好的方式，在虚拟机中进行试验。 +### 尽可能避免root身份 ### + +> 默认情况下，**/dev/reverse**只有root可以使用，因此你不得不使用**sudo**来测试该程序。要解决该问题，可以创建一个包含以下内容的**/lib/udev/rules.d/99-reverse.rules**文件： +> +> SUBSYSTEM=="misc", KERNEL=="reverse", MODE="0666" +> +> 别忘了重新插入模块。让设备节点让非root用户访问这往往不是一个好主意，但是在开发其间却是十分有用的，这不是说以root身份运行二进制测试文件也不是个好主意。 + +#### 模块的构造 #### + +由于大多数的Linux内核模块是用C写的（除了低级别特定架构部分），所以推荐你将模块以单一文件形式保存（例如，reverse.c）。我们已经把完整的源代码放在GitHub上——这里我们将看其中的一些片段。开始时，我们先要包含一些常见的文件头，并用预定义的宏来描述模块： + + #include + #include + #include + + MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); + MODULE_AUTHOR("Valentine Sinitsyn "); + MODULE_DESCRIPTION("In-kernel phrase reverser"); + +这里一切都直接明了，除了**MODULE_LICENSE()**：它不仅仅是一个标记。内核坚定地支持GPL兼容代码，因此如果你把许可证设置为其它非GPL兼容的（如，“专利”），特定的内核功能将在你的模块中不可用。 + +### 什么时候不该写内核模块 ### + +> 内核编程很有趣，但是在现实项目中写（尤其是调试）内核代码要求特定的技巧。通常来讲，在没有其它方式解决你的问题时，你才应该沉入内核级别。可能你可以待在用户空间中，如果： + +> - 你开发一个USB驱动 —— 请查看[libusb][1]。 +> - 你开发一个文件系统 —— 试试[FUSE][2]。 +> - 你在扩展Netfilter —— 那么[libnetfilter_queue][3]对你有所帮助。 +> +> 通常，本地内核代码会干得更好，但是对于许多项目而言，这点性能丢失并不严重。 +由于内核编程总是异步的，没有Linux顺序执行得**main()**函数来运行你的模块。取而代之的是，你为各种事件提供了回调函数，像这个： + + static int __init reverse_init(void) + { + printk(KERN_INFO "reverse device has been registered\n"); + return 0; + } + + static void __exit reverse_exit(void) + { + printk(KERN_INFO "reverse device has been unregistered\n"); + } + + module_init(reverse_init); + module_exit(reverse_exit); + +这儿，我们定义了函数，用来访问模块的插入和移除功能，只有第一个是必要的。目前，它们只是打印消息到内核环缓冲区（可以通过**dmesg**命令从用户空间访问）；**KERN_INFO**是日志等级（注意，没有逗号）。**_init**和**_exit**是属性 —— 联结到函数的元数据片（或者变量）。属性在用户空间的C代码中是很罕见的，但是内核中却很普遍。所有标记为**_init**的，会在初始化后再生（还记得那条老旧的“释放未使用的内核内存……”信息？）。**__exit**表明，当代码被静态构建进内核时，该函数可以安全地优化。最后，**module_init()**和**module_exit()**这两个宏将**reverse_init()**和**reverse_exit()**函数设置成为我们模块的生命周期回调函数。实际的函数名称并不重要，你可以称它们为**init()**和**exit()**，或者**start()**和**stop()**，你想叫什么就叫什么吧。在你的模块外，它们被申明成为静态的和不可见的。事实上，内核中的任何函数都是不可见的，除非明确地被导出。然而，在内核程序员中，给你的函数加上模块名前缀是约定俗成的。 + +这些是基本要素 —— 让我们把事情变得更有趣些。模块可以接收参数，就像这样： + + # modprobe foo bar=1 + +**modinfo**命令显示了所有模块接受的参数，而这些也可以在**/sys/module//parameters**下作为文件使用。我们的模块需要一个缓冲区来存储短语 —— 让我们把这大小设置为用户可配置。添加**MODULE_DESCRIPTION()**以下的三行： + + static unsigned long buffer_size = 8192; + module_param(buffer_size, ulong, (S_IRUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH)); + MODULE_PARM_DESC(buffer_size, "Internal buffer size"); + +这儿，我们定义了一个变量来存储该值，将其包裹到一个参数中，并通过sysfs来让所有人可读。参数的描述（最后一行）会出现在modinfo的输出中。 + +由于用户可以直接设置**buffer_size**，我们需要在**reverseinit()**来清除它。你总该检查来自内核外的数据 —— 如果你不这么做，你就是会将你自身置于内核异常之中，设置造成安全漏洞。 + + static int __init reverse_init() + { + if (!buffer_size) + return -1; + printk(KERN_INFO + "reverse device has been registered, buffer size is %lu bytes\n", + buffer_size); + return 0; + } + +来自模块初始化函数的非0返回值意味着模块执行失败。 + +### 导航 ### + +> 但你开发模块时，Linux内核就是你所需一切的源头。然而，它相当大，你可能在查找你所要的内容时会有困难。幸运的是，在浏览庞大的代码库时，有工具可以帮助你干得轻松一点。首先，是Cscope —— 在终端中运行的一个令人肃然起敬的工具。你所要做的，就是在内核源代码的顶级目录中运行**make cscope && cscope**。Cscope和Vim以及Emacs整合得很好，因此你可以在使用你最喜爱的编辑器舒适地工作时来使用它。 + +> 如果基于终端的工具不是你的最爱，那么就访问[http://lxr.free-electrons.com][4]吧。它是一个基于web的内核导航工具，即使它的功能没有Cscope来得多（例如，你不能方便地找到函数的用法），但它仍然提供了足够多的快速查询功能。 +现在是时候来编译模块了。你将需要用于正在运行的内核版本的头文件（**linux-headers**，或者同等软件包）和**build-essential**（或者类似的包）。接下来，该创建一个标准的Makefile模板： + + obj-m += reverse.o + all: + make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) modules + clean: + make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) clean + +现在，调用**make**来构建你的第一个模块。如果你输入的都正确，在当前目录内会发现reverse.ko文件。使用**sudo insmod reverse.ko**插入，然后运行： + + $ dmesg | tail -1 + [ 5905.042081] reverse device has been registered, buffer size is 8192 bytes + +恭喜了！然而，目前这一行还只是在逗你玩而已 —— 还没有设备节点呢。让我们来修复它。 + +#### 混杂设备 #### + +在Linux中，有一种特殊的字符设备类型，叫做“混杂设备”（或者简称为“misc”）。它设计用于只有一个单一接入点的小型设备驱动，而这正是我们所需要的。所有混杂设备共享同一个主设备号（10），因此一个驱动(**drivers/char/misc.c**）就可以查看它们所有设备了，而这些设备用次设备号来区分。在所有其它意义上，它们只是普通字符设备。 + +要为该设备注册一个次设备号（以及一个接入点），你需要声明**struct misc_device**，填上所有字段（注意语法），然后使用指针指向该结构函数来调用**misc_register()**。为了这个能工作，你也需要包含**linux/miscdevice.h**头文件： + + static struct miscdevice reverse_misc_device = { + .minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR, + .name = "reverse", + .fops = &reverse_fops + }; + static int __init reverse_init() + { + ... + misc_register(&reverse_misc_device); + printk(KERN_INFO ... + } + +这儿，我们为名为“reverse”的设备请求一个第一个可用的（动态的）次设备号；省略号表明我们已经见过的省略的代码。别忘了在模块卸下后注销掉该设备。 + + static void __exit reverse_exit(void) + { + misc_deregister(&reverse_misc_device); + ... + } + +‘fops’字段存储了一个指针，指向结构函数**file_operations**（在Linux/fs.h中已声明），而这真是我们模块的接入点。**reverse_fops**定义如下： + + static struct file_operations reverse_fops = { + .owner = THIS_MODULE, + .open = reverse_open, + ... + .llseek = noop_llseek + }; + +再者，**reverse_fops**包含了一系列回调函数（也称之为方法），当用户空间代码打开一个设备时，就会执行。从该设备读取，向该设备写入，或者关闭文件描述符。如果你忽略了所有这些，就会使用一个灵敏的回调函数来替代。这就是为什么我们明确给**noop_llseek()**设置了**llseek**方法，而它却什么也不干（就像名称中暗指的）。默认部署改变了文件指针，我们现在也不想我们的设备被找到（这是你们的今天的回家作业）。 + +#### 我在关闭时打开 #### + +让我们实施该方法。我们将分配一个新的缓冲区给每个打开的文件描述符，并在它关闭时释放。这事实上并不安全：如果一个用户空间应用程序泄漏了描述符（也许是故意的），它就会霸占RAM，并使系统不可用。在现实世界中，你总得考虑到这些可能性。但在本教程中，这种方法可以接受。 + +我们需要一个结构函数来描述缓冲区。内核提供了许多常规的数据结构：链接列表（双联的），哈希表，树等等之类。然而，缓冲区常常从零开始实施。我们将调用我们的“struct buffer”： + + struct buffer { + char *data, *end, *read_ptr; + unsigned long size; + }; + +**data**是该缓冲区存储的一个指向字符串的指针，而最后部分是字符串结尾后的第一个字节。**read_ptr**是**read()**开始读取数据的地方。缓冲区大小为了完整性而存储 —— 目前，我们还没有使用该区域。你不能假设使用你结构体的用户会正确地初始化所有这些东西，所以最好在函数中封装缓冲区分配和解除。它们通常命名为**buffer_alloc()**和**buffer_free()**。 + + static struct buffer *buffer_alloc(unsigned long size) + { + struct buffer *buf; + buf = kzalloc(sizeof(*buf), GFP_KERNEL); + if (unlikely(!buf)) + goto out; + ... + out: + return buf; + } + +内核内存使用**kmalloc()**来分配，并使用**kfree()**来释放；**kzalloc()**的风格是将内存设置为全零。不同于标准的**malloc()**，它的内核对应部分收到的标志指定了第二个参数中请求的内存类型。这里，**GFP_KERNEL**是说我们需要一个普通的内核内存（不是在DMA或高内存中）以及函数可以按需睡眠（重新编排进程）。**sizeof(*buf)**是一种常见的方式，它用来获取可通过指针访问的结构体的大小。 + +你应该随时检查**kmalloc()**的返回值：解应用NULL指针将导致内核异常。同时也需要注意**unlikely()**宏的使用。它（及其相对宏**likely()**）被广泛用于内核中，用于表明条件几乎总是真的（或假的）。它不会影响到控制流，但是能帮助现代处理器通过分支预测技术来提升性能。 + +最后，注意**gotos**。它们常常为认为是邪恶的，但是，Linux内核（以及一些其它系统软件）采用它们来实施集中式的函数退出。这样的结果是减少嵌套深度，使代码更具可读性，而且非常像更高级语言中的**try-catch**区块。 + +有了**buffer_alloc()**和**buffer_free()**，**open**和**close**方法就变得很简单了。 + + static int reverse_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file) + { + int err = 0; + file->private_data = buffer_alloc(buffer_size); + ... + return err; + } + +**struct file**是一个标准的内核数据结构，用以存储打开的文件的信息，如当前文件位置（**file->fpos**),标志(**file->flags**），或者打开模式（**file->fmode**)。另外一个字段**file->privatedata**用于关联文件到一些专有数据，它的类型是void *，而且它在文件拥有者以外对内核不透明。我们将一个缓冲区存储在那里。 + +如果缓冲区分配失败，我们通过返回否定值（**-ENOMEM**）来为调用的用户空间代码标明。 + +#### 学会读写 #### + +“read”和“write”方法是真正完成工作的地方。当数据写入到缓冲区时，我们就丢弃它里头先前的内容，并在没有任何临时存储时将短语恢复原状。**read**方法仅仅是从内核缓冲区复制数据到用户空间。但是如果缓冲区还没有数据，**reverseread()**会做什么呢？在用户空间中，**read()**调用会在有可用数据前阻塞它。在内核中，你必须等待。幸运的是，有一项机制用于处理这种情况，就是‘wait queues’。 + +想法很简单。如果当前进程需要等待某个事件，它的描述符（**struct task_struct**存储为‘current’）被放进非可运行（睡眠中）状态，并添加到一个队列中。然后**schedule()**就被调用来选择另一个进程运行。生成事件的代码通过使用队列将等待进程放回**TASKRUNNING**状态来唤醒它们。调度程序将在以后在某个地方选择它们之一。Linux有多种非可运行状态，最值得注意的是**TASKINTERRUPTIBLE**（一个可以通过信号中断的睡眠）和**TASKKILLABLE**（一个可被杀死的睡眠中的进程）。所有这些都应该正确处理，并等待队列为你做这些事。 + +一个用以存储读取等待队列头的天然场所就是结构缓冲区，所以从为它添加**wait_queue_head_t read_queue**字段开始。你也应该包含**linux/sched.h**。可以使用DECLARE_WAITQUEUE()宏来静态声明一个等待队列。在我们这种情况下，需要动态初始化，因此添加下面这行到**buffer_alloc()**： + + init_waitqueue_head(&buf->read_queue); + +我们等待可用数据；或者等待**read_ptr != end**条件成立。我们也想要让等待操作可以被中断（如，通过Ctrl+C）。因此，“read”方法应该像这样开始： + + static ssize_t reverse_read(struct file *file, char __user * out, + size_t size, loff_t * off) + { + struct buffer *buf = file->private_data; + ssize_t result; + while (buf->read_ptr == buf->end) { + if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK) { + result = -EAGAIN; + goto out; + } + if (wait_event_interruptible + (buf->read_queue, buf->read_ptr != buf->end)) { + result = -ERESTARTSYS; + goto out; + } + } + ... + +我们让它循环，直到有可用数据，如果没有则使用**wait_event_interruptible()**（它是一个宏，不是函数，这就是为什么要给队列传递值）来等待。好吧，如果**wait_event_interruptible()**被中断，它返回一个非0值，这个值代表**-ERESTARTSYS**。这段代码意味着系统调用应该重新启动。**file->f_flags**检查以非阻塞模式打开的文件数：如果没有数据，返回**-EAGAIN**。 + +我们不能使用**if()**来替代**while()**，因为可能有许多进程正等待数据。当**write**方法唤醒它们时，调度程序选择一个来以不可预知的方式运行，因此，在这段代码有机会执行的时候，缓冲区可能再次空出。现在，我们需要将数据从**buf->data** 复制到用户空间。**copytouser()**内核函数就干了此事： + + size = min(size, (size_t) (buf->end - buf->read_ptr)); + if (copy_to_user(out, buf->read_ptr, size)) { + result = -EFAULT; + goto out; + } + +如果用户空间指针错误，那么调用可能会失败；如果发生了此事，我们就返回**-EFAULT**。记住，不要相信任何来自内核外的事物！ + + buf->read_ptr += size; + result = size; + out: + return result; + } + +为了让数据能读入到专有组块中，需要进行简单运算。该方法返回读入的字节数，或者一个错误代码。 + +写方法更简短。首先，我们检查缓冲区是否有足够的空间，然后我们使用**copy_from_userspace()**函数来获取数据。再然后**read_ptr**和结束指针会被重置，缓冲区内容会被撤销掉： + + buf->end = buf->data + size; + buf->read_ptr = buf->data; + if (buf->end > buf->data) + reverse_phrase(buf->data, buf->end - 1); + +这里， **reverse_phrase()**干了所有吃力的工作。它依赖于**reverse_word()**函数，该函数相当简短并且标记为内联。这是另外一个常见的优化；但是，你不能过度使用。因为积极的内联会导致内核映像徒然增大。 + +最后，我们需要唤醒**read_queue**中等待数据的进程，就跟先前讲过的那样。**wake_up_interruptible()**就是用来干此事的： + + wake_up_interruptible(&buf->read_queue); + +唷！你现在已经有了一个内核模块，它至少已经编译成功了。现在，是时候来测试了。 + +### 调试内核代码 ### + +> 或许，内核中最常见的调试方法就是打印。如果你愿意，你可以使用普通的**printk()** （假定使用**KERN_DEBUG**日志等级）。然而，那儿还有更好的办法。如果你正在写一个设备驱动，这个设备驱动有它自己的“struct device”，可以使用**pr_debug()**或者**dev_dbg()**：它们支持动态调试（**dyndbg**）特性，并可以根据需要启用或者禁用（请查阅**Documentation/dynamic-debug-howto.txt**）。对于单纯的开发消息，使用**prdevel()**，该函数没有操作符，除非设置了DEBUG。要为我们的模块启用DEBUG，请添加以下行到Makefile中： + +> CFLAGS_reverse.o := -DDEBUG +> +> 完了之后，使用**dmesg**来查看**pr_debug()**或**pr_devel()**生成的调试信息。 +> 或者，你可以直接发送调试信息到控制台。要想这么干，你可以设置**console_loglevel**内核变量为8或者更大的值（**echo 8 /proc/sys/kernel/printk**），或者在高日志等级，如**KERN_ERR**，来临时打印要查询的调试信息。很自然，在发布代码前，你应该移除这样的调试声明。 + +> 注意出现在控制台的内核消息，而不要在Xterm这样的终端模拟器窗口中去查看；那也是你在内核开发时，经常会建议你不要再X环境下进行的原因。 + +### 惊喜，惊喜！ ### + +编译模块，然后加载进内核： + + $ make + $ sudo insmod reverse.ko buffer_size=2048 + $ lsmod + reverse 2419 0 + $ ls -l /dev/reverse + crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 10, 58 Feb 22 15:53 /dev/reverse + +一切似乎就位。现在，要测试模块是否正常工作，我们将写一段小程序来翻转它的第一个命令行参数。**main()**（没有错误检查）可能看上去像这样： + + int fd = open("/dev/reverse", O_RDWR); + write(fd, argv[1], strlen(argv[1])); + read(fd, argv[1], strlen(argv[1])); + printf("Read: %s\n", argv[1]); + +像这样运行： + + $ ./test 'A quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog' + Read: dog lazy the over jumped fox brown quick A + +它工作正常！玩得更逗一点：试试传递单个单词或者单个字母的短语，空的字符串或者是非英语字符串（如果你有这样的键盘布局设置），以及其它任何东西。 + +现在，让我们让事情变得更好玩一点。我们将创建两个进程，它们共享一个文件描述符（因而还有内核缓冲区）。其中一个会持续写入字符串到设备，而另一个将读取这些字符串。在下例中，我们使用了**fork(2)**系统调用，而pthreads也很好用。我也忽略了打开和关闭设备，以及错误检查部分的代码（又来了）： + + char *phrase = "A quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog"; + if (fork()) + /* Parent is the writer */ + while (1) + write(fd, phrase, len); + else + /* child is the reader */ + while (1) { + read(fd, buf, len); + printf("Read: %s\n", buf); + } + +你希望这个程序会输出什么呢？下面就是在我的笔记本上得到的东西： + + Read: dog lazy the over jumped fox brown quick A + Read: A kcicq brown fox jumped over the lazy dog + Read: A kciuq nworb xor jumped fox brown quick A + Read: A kciuq nworb xor jumped fox brown quick A + ... + +这里发生了什么呢？举行了一场比赛。我们认为**read**和**write**是很小的，或者从头到尾一次执行一个指令。然而，内核是并发的野兽，它可以很容易地重排**reverse_phrase()**函数内部某个地方运行着的内核模式部分的写入操作。如果进行**read()**操作的进程在写入操作结束前就被编排进去，就会产生数据不连续状态。这些bug非常难以排除。但是，怎样来处理这个问题呢？ + +基本上，我们需要确保在写方法返回前没有**read**方法能被执行。如果你曾经编写过一个多线程的应用程序，你可能见过同步原语（锁），如互斥锁或者信号。Linux也有这些，但有些细微的差别。内核代码可以运行在进程条件中（“代表”用户空间代码工作，就像我们的方法那样）以及运行在中断条件中（例如，在IRQ处理器中）。如果你的程序处于进程条件中，并且你需要的锁已经被拿走，你的程序就会睡眠并重试直至成功。在中断条件中是无法睡眠的，因此代码在循环中流转，直到有可用的锁为止。关联原语被称为自旋锁，但在我们的环境中，一个简单的互斥锁 —— 在特定时间内只有唯一一个进程能“占有”的对象 —— 就足够了。处于性能方面的考虑，现实的代码可能也会使用读-写信号。 + +锁总是保护某些数据（在我们的环境中，是一个“struct buffer”实例），而且也常常会把它们嵌入到它们所保护的结构体中。因此，我们添加一个互斥锁（‘struct mutex lock’）到“struct buffer”中。我们也必须用**mutex_init()**来初始化互斥锁；**buffer_alloc**是用来处理这件事的好地方。使用互斥锁的代码也必须包含**linux/mutex.h**。 + +互斥锁很像交通信号灯 —— 除非驱动查看并跟踪信号，否则它没什么用。因此，在对缓冲区做操作并在操作完成时释放它之前，我们需要更新**reverse_read()**和**reverse_write()**来获取互斥锁。让我们来看看**read**方法 —— **write**的工作原理相同： + + static ssize_t reverse_read(struct file *file, char __user * out, + size_t size, loff_t * off) + { + struct buffer *buf = file->private_data; + ssize_t result; + if (mutex_lock_interruptible(&buf->lock)) { + result = -ERESTARTSYS; + goto out; + } + +我们在函数一开始就获取锁。**mutex_lock_interruptible()**要么抓取互斥锁然后返回，要么让进程睡眠，直到有可用的互斥锁。就像前面一样，**_interruptible**后缀意味着睡眠可以由信号来中断。 + + while (buf->read_ptr == buf->end) { + mutex_unlock(&buf->lock); + /* ... wait_event_interruptible() here ... */ + if (mutex_lock_interruptible(&buf->lock)) { + result = -ERESTARTSYS; + goto out; + } + } + +下面是我们的“等待数据”循环。当持有互斥锁，或者发生称之为“死锁”的情境时，不应该让进程睡眠。因此，如果没有数据，我们释放互斥锁并调用**wait_event_interruptible()**。当它返回时，我们重新获取互斥锁并像往常一样继续： + + if (copy_to_user(out, buf->read_ptr, size)) { + result = -EFAULT; + goto out_unlock; + } + ... + out_unlock: + mutex_unlock(&buf->lock); + out: + return result; + +最后，当函数结束，或者在互斥锁被占有过程中发生错误时，互斥锁被解锁。重新编译模块（别忘了重新加载），然后再次进行测试。现在你应该没发现毁坏的数据了。 + +### 接下来是什么？ ### +现在，你体验了一把内核侵入。我们刚刚为你揭开了今天话题的外衣，里面还有更多东西供你探索。我们的第一个模块是有意识地写得简单一点，在从中学到的概念在更复杂的环境中也一样。并发、方法表、注册回调函数、使进程睡眠以及唤醒进程，这些都是内核黑客们耳熟能详的东西，而现在你已经看过了它们的运作。或许某天，你的内核代码也将被加入到主线Linux源代码树中 —— 如果真这样，请联系我们！ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.linuxvoice.com/be-a-kernel-hacker/ + +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.libusb.org/ +[2]:http://fuse.sf.net/ +[3]:http://www.linuxvoice.com/be-a-kernel-hacker/www.netfilter.org/projects/libnetfilter_queue +[4]:http://lxr.free-electrons.com/ \ No newline at end of file From 559782a20dff913b5d6193b95be41b8656087e35 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Fri, 6 Jun 2014 15:43:40 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 453/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9ACollectl--An?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Advanced=20All-in-One=20Performance=20Monitoring=20Tool=20fo?= =?UTF-8?q?r=20Linux?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @Linchenguang 发布了~ --- ...e Performance Monitoring Tool for Linux.md | 32 ++++++++----------- 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/Collectl--An Advanced All-in-One Performance Monitoring Tool for Linux.md (94%) diff --git a/translated/tech/Collectl--An Advanced All-in-One Performance Monitoring Tool for Linux.md b/published/Collectl--An Advanced All-in-One Performance Monitoring Tool for Linux.md similarity index 94% rename from translated/tech/Collectl--An Advanced All-in-One Performance Monitoring Tool for Linux.md rename to published/Collectl--An Advanced All-in-One Performance Monitoring Tool for Linux.md index 3d450bafec..88615017b6 100644 --- a/translated/tech/Collectl--An Advanced All-in-One Performance Monitoring Tool for Linux.md +++ b/published/Collectl--An Advanced All-in-One Performance Monitoring Tool for Linux.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -Collectl: 一个高级全能的 Linux 性能监控工具 +Collectl: Linux 性能监控的全能冠军 ================================================================================ 对于一个 Linux 系统管理员来说确保自己管理的系统处于一个良好的状态是其首要责任。Linux 系统管理员可以找到有很多工具来帮助自己监控和显示系统中的进程，例如 top 和 htop ,但是这些工具都不能与 **collectl** 相媲美。 @@ -8,8 +8,7 @@ Collectl: 一个高级全能的 Linux 性能监控工具 **collectl**是一款非常优秀并且有着丰富的命令行功能的实用程序，你可以用它来采集描述当前系统状态的性能数据。不同于大多数其它的系统监控工具，collectl 并非仅局限于有限的系统度量，相反，它可以收集许多不同类型系统资源的相关信息，如 cpu 、disk、memory 、network 、sockets 、 tcp 、inodes 、infiniband 、 lustre 、memory、nfs、processes、quadrics、slabs和buddyinfo等。 -使用 **collectl** 的另一个好处就是它可以替代那些有特殊用途的工具如 top、ps、iotop 等还有其它许多这样的工具。那么 **collectl** 有什么特性而使其成为一个有用的工具呢？ - +使用 **collectl** 的另一个好处就是它可以替代那些特定用途的工具如： top、ps、iotop 等等其它工具。那么 **collectl** 有什么特性而使其成为一个有用的工具呢？ 经过许多研究后，我总结了 collectl 的命令行功能的一些非常重要的特性。 @@ -33,7 +32,6 @@ Collectl: 一个高级全能的 Linux 性能监控工具 ### 如何在Linux上安装collectl### - **collectl**可以在所有的 Linux 发行版上运行，唯一需要的就是 perl 语言，所以在安装 **collectl** 之前，一定要确保你的电脑上已经安装了**Perl**。 #### 对于Debian/Ubuntu/Linux Mint #### @@ -50,8 +48,7 @@ Collectl: 一个高级全能的 Linux 性能监控工具 ### 一些关于collectl的实例 ### - -collectl 工具安装完成之后，你可以轻松得在终端运行它，你甚至不需要任何选项。下面的命令将会以简短的人性化的格式显示cpu、硬盘和网络信息。 +collectl 工具安装完成之后，你可以轻松地在终端运行它，你甚至不需要指定任何选项。下面的命令将会以简短易读的格式显示cpu、硬盘和网络信息。 # collectl @@ -70,16 +67,15 @@ collectl 工具安装完成之后，你可以轻松得在终端运行它，你 22 4 993 1615 0 0 56 3 1 2 0 3 -正如上面终端上所显示的，我们很容易观察该命令输出的系统度量值，因为它只显示一整行。 - +正如上面终端上所显示的，我们很容易观察该命令输出的系统度量值，因为它每次以一行显示。 不加任何参数执行 collectl 会显示下面子系统的信息 - cpu -- disks -- network +- 磁盘 +- 网络 -**提示**：在这里，一个子系统是每一种可以测量的系统资源。 +**提示**：在这里，一个子系统就是每一种可以测量的系统资源。 你也可以显示除slabs以外各个子系统的统计数据，这要结合下面的 **-all** 选项来实现。 @@ -99,9 +95,7 @@ collectl 工具安装完成之后，你可以轻松得在终端运行它，你 15 1 753 1276 361 391 1G 175M 1G 683M 193M 1G ssslkjjebbk 0 0 40 3 1 2 0 3 0 0 0 0 623 0 0 0 8160 240829 0 0 0 0 - -但是，你如何用它来监控 cpu 的使用情况呢？ ‘s’ 选项可以用来控制需要收集和回放的数据。 - +但是，你如何用它来监控 cpu 的使用情况呢？ ‘-s’ 选项可以用来控制哪个子系统的数据需要收集和回放。 例如下面的命令可以用来对cpu使用情况进行一个总结。 @@ -140,7 +134,7 @@ collectl 工具安装完成之后，你可以轻松得在终端运行它，你 11 2 795 1285 0 0 0 0 2 14 1 14 -你可以很容易地理解默认选项是“**cdn**”，它代表cpu、硬盘和网络数据。运行添加这个选项的 collectl 命令的输出和“**collectl －scn**”的输出一样。 +你可以很容易就明白默认选项是“**cdn**”，它代表cpu、硬盘和网络数据。运行带这个选项的 collectl 命令的输出和“**collectl －scn**”的输出一样。 如果你想采集内存的数据，用下面的命令。 @@ -201,7 +195,7 @@ collectl 工具安装完成之后，你可以轻松得在终端运行它，你 对于我们普通大众来说记住这些选项很困难，所以在这里，我整理出了一个列表来总结这个工具支持的选项。 -- **b** – buddy info (memory fragmentation) +- **b** – buddy info (内存碎片) - **c** – CPU - **d** – Disk - **f** – NFS V3 Data @@ -213,7 +207,7 @@ collectl 工具安装完成之后，你可以轻松得在终端运行它，你 - **s** – Sockets - **t** – TCP - **x** – Interconnect -- **y** – Slabs (system object caches) +- **y** – Slabs (系统对象缓存) 对于一个系统管理员或者一个 Linux 用户来说很重要的一种数据就是硬盘的使用情况。下面的命令可以帮你监控硬盘使用情况。 @@ -233,7 +227,7 @@ collectl 工具安装完成之后，你可以轻松得在终端运行它，你 0 0 0 0 -你也可以使用“**-sD**”选项来采集单个硬盘的数据，但是你必须知道全部硬盘的信息不会被报告。 +你也可以使用“**-sD**”选项来采集单个硬盘的数据，不过你必须知道这就不会显示全部硬盘的信息。 # collectl -sD @@ -333,7 +327,7 @@ collectl 工具中有许多选项，但是仅用一篇文章来介绍肯定是 22 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kintegrityd -我确信许多系统管理员将会喜欢这个工具并且在充分利用它后会感受到它的强大。如果你想增进你对 collectl 的了解，从而达到新的层面，你可以去参阅 collectl 的 man 手册并勤加练习。 +我确信许多系统管理员将会喜欢这个工具并且在充分使用它后会感受到它的强大。如果你想增进你对 collectl 的了解，从而达到新的层面，你可以去参阅 collectl 的 man 手册并勤加练习。 在你的终端键入下面的命令开始阅读吧。 From 4bbf5f4917732e2681585bdd4164f8aaed85dd64 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Fri, 6 Jun 2014 16:12:00 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 454/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AHow=20to=20m?= =?UTF-8?q?anage=20passwords=20from=20the=20command=20line=20on=20Linux?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @GOLinux 稍后就发布了 --- ...asswords from the command line on Linux.md | 121 +++++++++++++++ ...asswords from the command line on Linux.md | 141 ------------------ 2 files changed, 121 insertions(+), 141 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/How to manage passwords from the command line on Linux.md delete mode 100644 translated/tech/How to manage passwords from the command line on Linux.md diff --git a/published/How to manage passwords from the command line on Linux.md b/published/How to manage passwords from the command line on Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..aa4f6e5a78 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/How to manage passwords from the command line on Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +如何在Linux上使用命令行管理密码 +================================================================================ + +在基于密码的认证在网络盛行的今天，你可能需要或者已经使用了某种密码管理工具来跟踪管理你正在使用的所有密码。有各种各样的在线或离线服务或者软件工具用于完成此类事情，而这些工具因复杂程度、用户界面或者目标环境（如企业或终端用户）的不同而各不相同。例如，有一些是为终端用户开发基于图形化的密码管理器，如[KeePass(X)][1]。 + +对于那些不想要依赖图形化进行密码管理的用户，笔者将会讲述如何在命令行下使用 [pass][2]来管理密码，**这是一个简单的用于命令行管理密码的工具**。 + +该密码工具实际上是一个shell脚本编写的前端，其中调用了几个其它工具（如gpg，pwgen，git，xsel）来使用OpenGPG管理用户的密码信息。各个密码使用gpg工具进行加密，并存储到本地密码仓库中。密码信息可以通过终端或者自清除的剪贴板工具使用。 + +该密码工具相当灵活，并且使用起来及其简单。你可以将每个密码信息存储到一个OpenGPG保护的普通文本文件，并且将不同的密码文件分组多个类目中。它支持bash自动补全特性，因此可以很方便地使用TAB键来补全命令或者很长的密码名称。 + + +### 在Linux上安装pass ### + +在Debian，Ubuntu或者Linux Mint上安装pass： + + $ sudo apt-get install pass + $ echo "source /etc/bash_completion.d/password-store" >> ~/.bashrc + + +在Fedora上安装pass： + + $ sudo yum install pass + $ echo "source /etc/bash_completion.d/password-store" >> ~/.bashrc + +在CentOS上安装pass，首先[启用EPEL仓库][3]，然后执行以下命令： + + $ sudo yum install pass + $ echo "source /etc/bash_completion.d/password-store" >> ~/.bashrc + +在Archlinux上安装pass： + + $ sudo pac -S pass + $ echo "source /etc/bash_completion.d/password-store" >> ~/.bashrc + +### 初始化本地密码仓库 ### + +在使用密码工具之前，你需要执行一次初始化步骤，该步骤包括创建一个GPG密钥对（如果你还没有）以及一个本地密码仓库。 + +首先，通过以下步骤创建一个GPG密钥对（即：公钥/私钥）。如果已经创建了自己的GPG密钥对，可以跳过此步骤。 + + $ gpg --gen-key + +执行该步骤，会询问你如下问题。如果你不确定，可以选择接受默认回答。作为密钥生成部分，你将要为你的密钥创建一个加密口令，这个口令实际上是你访问存储在本地密码仓库中的任何密码信息时的主密码。成功创建密钥对后，创建的密钥对会存储在~/.gnupg目录中。 + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2922/13965806430_a19596da60_z.jpg) + +接下来，运行以下命令来初始化本地密码仓库。下面的，输入之前创建密钥对时的关联电子邮件地址。 + + $ pass init + +该命令会在~/.password-store目录中创建一个密码仓库。 + +### 在终端使用pass管理密码 ### +#### 插入新密码信息 #### + +要将新的密码信息插入到本地密码仓库中，请遵循以下命令格式： + + $ pass insert + +是你定义的专有名称，并且可以分级（如 "finance/tdbank", "online/gmail.com"）。在这种情况下，密码信息可以存储到~/.password-store目录下对应的子目录中。 + +如果你想要分多行插入密码信息，请像以下命令一样使用"-m"选项。以你自己喜欢的任何格式来输入密码信息，然后按Ctrl+D来结束。 + + $ pass insert -m + +![](https://c2.staticflickr.com/6/5564/14129264286_9fc2938c0b_z.jpg) + +#### 查看所有密码名称列表 #### + +要查看所有存储的密码名称列表，只需输入"pass"命令： + + $ pass + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2905/13965804498_92b0af83cf_o.jpg) + +#### 从密码仓库中取回密码信息 #### + +要访问特定密码列表中的内容，只需使用以下命令： + + $ pass + +例如： + + $ pass email/gmail.com + +会要求你输入密码口令来解锁密钥。 + +如果你想要将密码复制到剪贴板，而不是显示到终端屏幕上，使用以下命令： + + $ pass -c email/gmail.com + +当密码被复制到剪贴板，剪贴板在45秒后会被自动清空。 + +#### 在密码仓库中生成并存储新密码 #### + +使用`pass`命令，你也可以生成一个新的随机密码，该密码可用于任何目的。pass工具将会使用pwgen工具来生成一个好的随机密码。你可以指定密码的长度，或者生成带或不带符号的密码。 + +例如，要生成一个具有10个字符不带符号的密码，并将它存储到 "email/new_service.com"列表中： + + $ pass generate email/new_service.com 10 -n + +#### 移除密码信息 #### + +要移除现存的密码信息是很容易的： + + $ pass rm email/gmail.com + +小结一下，pass是及其灵活，便于携带，并且更为重要的是，易于使用。对于正在寻找能简单而行之有效地、安全地、并且不依赖图形化管理任何私人信息的工具的人，笔者强烈推荐pass。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/manage-passwords-command-line-linux.html + +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/08/how-to-manage-multiple-passwords-on-linux.html +[2]:http://www.zx2c4.com/projects/password-store/ +[3]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/03/how-to-set-up-epel-repository-on-centos.html diff --git a/translated/tech/How to manage passwords from the command line on Linux.md b/translated/tech/How to manage passwords from the command line on Linux.md deleted file mode 100644 index d46f855051..0000000000 --- a/translated/tech/How to manage passwords from the command line on Linux.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,141 +0,0 @@ -GOLinux翻译中 - -How to manage passwords from the command line on Linux -如何在Linux上使用命令行管理密码 -================================================================================ -With password-based authentication so prevalent online these days, you may need or already use some sort of password management tool to keep track of all the passwords you are using. There are various online or offline services or software tools for that matter, and they vary in terms of their sophistication, user interface or target environments (e.g., enterprises or end users). For example, there are a few GUI-based password managers for end users, such as [KeePass(X)][1]. -在基于密码的认证在网络盛行的今天，你可能需要或者已经使用了某种密码管理工具来跟踪管理你正在使用的所有密码。有各种各样的在线或离线服务或者软件工具用于完成此类事情，而这些工具因复杂程度、用户界面或者目标环境（如企业或终端用户）的不同而各不相同。例如，有一些是为终端用户开发基于图形化的密码管理器，如[KeePass(X)][1]。 -For those of you who do not want any kind of GUI dependency for password management, I will describe how to manage passwords from the command line by using [pass][2], **a simple command-line utility for password management**. -对于那些不想要依赖图形化进行密码管理的用户，笔者将会讲述如何在命令行下使用 [pass][2]来管理密码，**这是一个简单的用于命令行管理密码的工具**。 -The pass utility is in fact a shell script frontend which uses several other tools (e.g., gpg, pwgen, git, xsel) to manage user's password info using OpenPGP. Each password is encrypted with gpg utility, and stored in a local password store. Password info can be retrieved either via terminal or self-clearing clipboard interface. -该密码工具实际上是一个shell脚本编写的前端，其中调用了几个其它工具（如gpg，pwgen，git，xsel）来使用OpenGPG管理用户的密码信息。各个密码使用gpg工具进行加密，并存储到本地密码仓库中。密码信息可以通过终端或者自清除的剪贴板工具取回。 -The pass utility is quite flexible and extremely simple to use. You can store each password info in an OpenPGP-protected plain text file, and group different password files into multiple categories. It supports bash auto completion feature, so it is very convenient to fill in commands or long password names using TAB key. -该密码工具相当灵活，并且使用起来及其简单。你可以将各个密码信息存储到一个OpenGPG保护的普通文本文件，并且将密码文件分组放到多个类目中。它支持bash自动补全特性，因此可以很方便地使用TAB键来补全命令或者很长的秘密名称。 -### Install pass on Linux ### -### 在Linux上安装pass ### -To install pass on Debian, Ubuntu or Linux Mint: -在Debian，Ubuntu或者Linux Mint上安装pass： - - $ sudo apt-get install pass - $ echo "source /etc/bash_completion.d/password-store" >> ~/.bashrc - -To install pass on Fedora: -在Fedora上安装pass： - - $ sudo yum install pass - $ echo "source /etc/bash_completion.d/password-store" >> ~/.bashrc - -To install pass on CentOS, first [enable EPEL repository][3] and then run: -在CentOS上安装pass，首先[启用EPEL仓库][3]，然后执行以下命令： - - $ sudo yum install pass - $ echo "source /etc/bash_completion.d/password-store" >> ~/.bashrc - -To install pass on Archlinux: -在Archlinux上安装pass： - - $ sudo pac -S pass - $ echo "source /etc/bash_completion.d/password-store" >> ~/.bashrc - -### Initialize Local Password Store ### -### 初始化本地密码仓库 ### -Before using pass utility, you need to do one-time initialization step which involves creating a GPG key pair (if you don't have one) and a local password store. -在使用密码工具之前，你需要执行一次初始化步骤，该步骤包括创建一个GPG密钥对（如果你还没有）以及一个本地密码仓库。 -First, create a GPG key pair (i.e., public/private keys) as follows. If you already have your own GPG key pair, you can skip this step. -首先，通过以下步骤创建一个GPG密钥对（即：公钥/私钥）。如果已经创建了自己的GPG密钥对，可以跳过此步骤。 - - $ gpg --gen-key - -It will ask you a series of questions as shown below. If you are not sure, you can accept default answers. As part of key generation, you will set a passphrase for your secret key, which is essentially the master password required to access any password info stored in local password store. A successfully generated key pair will be stored in ~/.gnupg -执行该步骤，会询问你如下问题。如果你不确定，可以选择接受默认回答。作为密钥生成部分，你将要为你的密钥创建一个加密口令，这个口令本质上是你访问存储在本地密码仓库中的任何密码信息时的主密码。成功创建密钥对后，创建的密钥对会存储在~/.gnupg目录中。 -![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2922/13965806430_a19596da60_z.jpg) - -Next, initialize the local password store by running the following command. For , enter the email address associated your GPG key created above.接下来，运行以下命令来初始化本地密码仓库。对于，输入上面创建密钥对时的关联电子邮件地址。 - - - $ pass init - -This command will create a password store under ~/.password-store directory. -该命令会在~/.password-store目录中创建一个密码仓库。 - -### Manage Passwords from a Terminal with pass ### -### 在终端使用pass管理密码 ### -#### Insert new password info #### -### 插入新密码信息 ### -To insert new password info into local password store, use the following format. -要将新的密码信息插入到本地密码仓库中，请遵循以下命令格式： - - $ pass insert - - is an arbitrary name you define, and can be hierarchical (e.g., "finance/tdbank", "online/gmail.com"), in which case the password info will be created in corresponding sub-directories under ~/.password-store -是你定义的专有名称，并且可以分级（如 "finance/tdbank", "online/gmail.com"）。在这种情况下，密码信息可以存储到~/.password-store目录下对应的子目录中。 -If you want to insert password info as multi-lines, use "-m" option as follows. Type in password info in any format as you like, and press Ctrl+D to finish. -如果你想要分多行插入密码信息，请像以下命令一样使用"-m"选项。以你自己喜欢的任何格式来输入密码信息，然后按Ctrl+D来结束。 - - $ pass insert -m - -![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5564/14129264286_4315cb386b_o_d.jpg) -注：此图片暂时无法访问，不过可以直接访问flickr地址：https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14129264286/ 文章发布的时候注意此处 - -#### View a list of all password names #### -#### 查看所有密码名称列表 #### - -To view the list of all stored password names, simply type "pass": -要查看所有存储的密码名称列表，只需输入"pass"命令： - - $ pass - -![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2905/13965804498_92b0af83cf_o.jpg) - -#### Retrieve password info from password store #### -#### 从密码仓库中取回密码信息 #### -To access the content of a particular password listing, simply use the command below: -要访问特定密码列表中的内容，只需使用以下命令： - - $ pass - -For example: -例如： - - $ pass email/gmail.com - -You will be asked to enter the passphrase to unlock the secret key. -会要求你输入密码口令来解锁密钥。 - -If you want the password to be copied to the clipboard, instead of appearing in the terminal screen, use this command instead: -如果你想要将密码复制到剪贴板，而不是显示到终端屏幕上，使用以下命令： - - $ pass -c email/gmail.com - -Once copied to the clipboard, the password will automatically be cleared from the clipboard after 45 seconds. -一旦密码被复制到剪贴板，剪贴板在45秒后会被自动清空。 - -#### Generate and store a new password in password store #### -#### 在密码仓库中生成并存储新密码 #### -With `pass`, you can also generate a new random password which you can use for any purpose. pass will use pwgen utility to generate a good random password. You can specify the length of a password, or generate a password with or without symbols. -使用`pass`命令，你也可以生成一个新的随机密码，该密码可用于任何目的。pass工具将会使用pwgen工具来生成一个好的随机密码。你可以指定密码的长度，或者生成是否带有符号的密码。 -For example, to generate a 10-character password with no symbol, and store it under "email/new_service.com" listing: -例如，要生成一个具有10个字符不带符号的密码，并将它存储到 "email/new_service.com"列表中： - - $ pass generate email/new_service.com 10 -n - -#### Remove password info #### -#### 移除密码信息 #### -Removing existing password info is easy: -要移除现存的密码信息是很容易的： - - $ pass rm email/gmail.com - -To summarize, pass is extremely flexible, portable, and more importantly, easy to use. I highly recommend pass to anyone looking for a simple means to organize any kind of private info in a secure fashion, without relying on GUI dependency. -针对以上小结，pass是及其灵活，便于携带，并且更为重要的是，易于使用的一个工具。对于正在寻找能简单而行之有效地，安全地并且不依赖图形化管理任何私人信息的工具的人，笔者强烈推荐pass。 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/manage-passwords-command-line-linux.html - -译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/08/how-to-manage-multiple-passwords-on-linux.html -[2]:http://www.zx2c4.com/projects/password-store/ -[3]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/03/how-to-set-up-epel-repository-on-centos.html From 845792e4492accc0b85194f16cd560ac629228d6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Fri, 6 Jun 2014 23:27:23 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 455/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AHow=20to=20v?= =?UTF-8?q?erify=20DDOS=20attack=20with=20netstat=20command=20on=20Linux?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Terminal?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @shipsw 明天发布 --- ...DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md | 9 +++++---- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md (94%) diff --git a/translated/tech/How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md b/published/How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md similarity index 94% rename from translated/tech/How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md rename to published/How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md index ef84a1cd2e..d8a9be547e 100644 --- a/translated/tech/How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md +++ b/published/How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Dos攻击或者DDos攻击目的是使服务器或者网络资源耗尽，使其 netstat命令的用户手册描述其作用是用来显示网络连接、路由表、接口统计、伪连接和组播成员的。 -## 一些例子和解释 ## +### 一些例子和解释 ### netstat -na @@ -47,18 +47,19 @@ netstat命令的用户手册描述其作用是用来显示网络连接、路由 列出所有连接到本机80端口的IP地址和其连接数。80端口一般是用来处理HTTP网页请求。 -## 如何减少DOS攻击 ## +### 如何减少DOS攻击 ### 一旦你获得攻击服务器的IP地址你就可以使用以下命令拒绝此IP的所有连接。 iptables -A INPUT 1 -s $IPADRESS -j DROP/REJECT 注意，你需要将 $IPADRESS 替换成需要拒绝连接的IP地址。 + 执行完以上命令后，使用以下命令结束所有的httpd连接以清理系统。 killall -KILL httpd - 然后执行以下命令重启httpd服务。 +然后执行以下命令重启httpd服务。 service httpd start #RedHat 系统 @@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ netstat命令的用户手册描述其作用是用来显示网络连接、路由 via: http://linuxaria.com/howto/how-to-verify-ddos-attack-with-netstat-command-on-linux-terminal -译者：[shipsw](https://github.com/shipsw) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[shipsw](https://github.com/shipsw) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From a764836a1680fccd50695a35fdddd61ef32f0460 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sat, 7 Jun 2014 17:08:06 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 456/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E8=BF=87=E6=9C=9F=E7=9A=84=E7=94=B3?= =?UTF-8?q?=E8=AF=B7=E9=87=8D=E6=96=B0=E6=94=BE=E5=87=BA=E7=AD=89=E5=BE=85?= =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...o Ubuntu 14.04--We Round Up the Reviews.md | 59 ------------------- ...ux Platforms Meant For Embedded Systems.md | 1 - sources/talk/Making Linux Feel at Home.md | 1 - ... Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md | 2 - sources/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md | 1 - ...al Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md | 2 - ...erently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md | 2 - 7 files changed, 68 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/How has the Press Reacted to Ubuntu 14.04--We Round Up the Reviews.md diff --git a/sources/news/How has the Press Reacted to Ubuntu 14.04--We Round Up the Reviews.md b/sources/news/How has the Press Reacted to Ubuntu 14.04--We Round Up the Reviews.md deleted file mode 100644 index 68499986ea..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/How has the Press Reacted to Ubuntu 14.04--We Round Up the Reviews.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,59 +0,0 @@ -translating --------------------------- by jutzyn -How has the Press Reacted to Ubuntu 14.04? We Round Up the Reviews -================================================================================ -![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ubuntu-desktop.jpg) - -**The release of Ubuntu 14.04 just before the Easter holiday arrived gave tech journalists and bloggers an extended period in which to play with the newest long-term support release.** - -But what did they make of it? - -### Press Reaction ### - -The last few years have seen each successive release of Ubuntu greeted by fewer and fewer pixels (as opposed to column inches). - -As an LTS, the recommended choice for home users and enterprise deployments alike, does 14.04 buck the trend? - -> ‘Reviews from mainstream tech publications and news site are once again thin on the ground.’ - -In short: not really. Reviews from mainstream tech publications and news site are once again thin on the ground. Whether it’s that this release has little newsworthy to offer (outside of extended support and a few extras that only enthusiasts are likely to care about) or whether there’s an increasing weariness about covering an established product that has, by and large, remained a niche interest is not for me to postulate. - -But while there’s no mention of the Trusty Tahr on the BBC News website or in the technology section of The Guardian, it didn’t arrive totally unnoticed. What press reaction there has been, has been positive. - -#### Quote, Unquote #### - -ZDNet offers up a [detailed overview][1], describing the release as “solid and stable”. While noting that it features ‘no big changes’ the reviewer, Terry Ralph-Knight, goes on to declare Ubuntu as being “**pretty hard to beat**”. - -> ‘Terry Ralph-Knight of Zdnet declares Ubuntu 14.04 LTS - -Over at TechRepublic Jack Wallen, in his concise overview, [says Trusty][2] ‘wows through subtlety‘. - -Jon Gold of **Network World** conveys the salient [changes with a slideshow][3]. On the subject of improved HiDPI support Gold notes that this “could prove important as 4K screens begin to gain traction in the market.” - -Tech site The Inquirer [covers the release][4] from the ‘Windows XP Alternative’ angle, but noted it is a ‘natty bit of kit in its own right’. - -> ‘Other coverage tended to regurgitate the official Canonical press release’ - -Other coverage tended to regurgitate the Canonical press release that trumpets the lure for Windows XP users and businesses; touts the ‘optimised for multi-touch trackpads and touchscreen’ angle; and touches on the co-release of new 14.04-based tablet and phone builds. - -Of these, **Engadget** and **PCAdvisor** cover the [above points concisely][5], while Jon Brodkin of Ars Technica [distills the essentials points in depth][6] with added insight from an email conversation he had with Rick Spencer, VP of Engineering at Canonical. - -The decision to refer to Ubuntu Touch as merely ‘Ubuntu’ (something that while technically true forgoes a distinction still warranted) confused a few reporters, with many inferring that the screenshots of the desktop version accompanying their articles is what will be shipping on tablets later this year. - -As we have previously reported, the ‘Unity 8′-based version of Ubuntu will be sold preinstalled on tablets from unknown OEMs later this year. - -In all the reception has been positive, if a little lacking. But what critics think matters not a jot — it’s you, the user whose opinion is the true decider. Have you upgraded yet? - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/press-reaction-ubuntu-14-04 - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.zdnet.com/ubuntu-14-04-lts-trusty-tahr-review-solid-and-stable-but-no-big-changes-7000028437/ -[2]:http://www.techrepublic.com/article/ubuntu-14-04-wows-through-subtlety/ -[3]:http://www.networkworld.com/slideshow/149046/first-look-ubuntu-1404-lts.html -[4]:http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2340343/ubuntu-1404-lts-desktop-arrives-this-week-as-windows-xp-alternative#%C2%A0 -[5]:http://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/news/software/3512604/ubuntu-1404-lts-plays-better-with-high-res-displays-forms-ubuntus-tablet-backbone/ -[6]:http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2014/04/ubuntu-14-04-will-power-first-commercially-available-ubuntu-tablets/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/talk/10 Linux Platforms Meant For Embedded Systems.md b/sources/talk/10 Linux Platforms Meant For Embedded Systems.md index c47ab5d26f..f5b8b38dae 100644 --- a/sources/talk/10 Linux Platforms Meant For Embedded Systems.md +++ b/sources/talk/10 Linux Platforms Meant For Embedded Systems.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ -这年头 就是要多占坑 No grown-ups will ever understand that this is a matter of so much importance! 10 Linux Platforms Meant For Embedded Systems ========================================== Linux has a wide variety of uses. The platform is used by many for simple home use, while it is also the chosen platform for programmers and hackers. In addition, Linux is widely used in embedded systems and there are distributions that are tailored specifically to such systems. Here are 10 Linux platforms that can work great on embedded systems! diff --git a/sources/talk/Making Linux Feel at Home.md b/sources/talk/Making Linux Feel at Home.md index 715a1996bb..6212774f5d 100644 --- a/sources/talk/Making Linux Feel at Home.md +++ b/sources/talk/Making Linux Feel at Home.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ -Linux-pdz重又复出，先占一坑哦！ Making Linux Feel at Home ================================================================================ **Hiring Tux is a smart move for both small and large businesses. Linux once was considered a hobbyist's operating system, but it has come a long way and now is considered enterprise class. It is considered very stable and secure. Linux can easily be customized, and there is a huge community eager to help out. Those are just some of the reasons to migrate to the Linux desktop.** diff --git a/sources/tech/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md b/sources/tech/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md index fb6efadbcd..6f3dafffd3 100644 --- a/sources/tech/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md +++ b/sources/tech/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -GOLinux Translating ... ! - 10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use! ================================================================================ From content management systems to simple tables, databases are a part of every development project nowadays. That is why developers lay so much emphasis on using the right kind of database tools. Here are some that may be of help to you! diff --git a/sources/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md b/sources/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md index b4f3879239..cbdc4a8136 100644 --- a/sources/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md +++ b/sources/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ -（翻译中 by runningwater） Encrypting Your Cat Photos ================================================================================ The truth is, I really don't have anything on my hard drive that I would be upset over someone seeing. I have some cat photos. I have a few text files with ideas for future books and/or short stories, and a couple half-written starts to NaNoWriMo novels. It would be easy to say that there's no point encrypting my hard drive, because I have nothing to hide. The problem is, we wrongly correlate a "desire for privacy" with "having something to hide". I think where I live, in America, we've taken our rights to privacy for granted. Rather than the traditional "he must be hiding porn or bombs", think about something a little more mundane. diff --git a/sources/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md b/sources/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md index 7f391dd917..84b7f8b695 100644 --- a/sources/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md +++ b/sources/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -GOLinux Translating! - Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI ================================================================================ ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Dual_Boot_Windows8_Ubuntu_1404.jpeg) diff --git a/sources/tech/How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md b/sources/tech/How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md index d5b9426c1d..21bea6eb61 100644 --- a/sources/tech/How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md +++ b/sources/tech/How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -Translating by GOLinux ... - How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop ================================================================================ The biggest complaint you can hear those days about Ubuntu is the new Unity interface. I remember leaving for Archlinux precisely when Unity started to rise, and when it was made clear that it was here to stay. However, Unity indirectly has led to good consequences: it allowed other distributions and other desktop environments to become more prominent as people were unhappy with it. If your system can support it, no one is against a bit of eye candy. From 15c048da29572573fe3ffeb5a8a796a29ecda9aa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Sat, 7 Jun 2014 17:46:54 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 457/601] alim0x translating --- ...Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/sources/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md b/sources/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md index 84b7f8b695..615132bfe8 100644 --- a/sources/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md +++ b/sources/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +alim0x translating + Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI ================================================================================ ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Dual_Boot_Windows8_Ubuntu_1404.jpeg) From 96be725e7fc33c66d03695a22bc7d988835c691d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sat, 7 Jun 2014 18:04:30 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 458/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=86=8D=E6=AC=A1=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9?= =?UTF-8?q?=E9=83=A8=E5=88=86=EF=BC=8C=E4=BB=8D=E6=9C=AA=E8=BE=BE=E5=88=B0?= =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=AF=E4=BB=A5=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=E7=9A=84=E7=A8=8B=E5=BA=A6?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 请大家也来试试校对润色的更好。 --- ...chView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md | 18 +++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md b/translated/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md index 22e9bd215f..560bab9dbb 100644 --- a/translated/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md +++ b/translated/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md @@ -2,15 +2,14 @@ ================================================================================ ![](http://images.huffingtonpost.com/2012-06-27-techscapelogocolumn1.jpg) -> 技术视点是技术视角（TechScape）的一个新的组成部分，其特色是与科技界的上层人士进行独家采访和长时间谈话，探讨科技动态。 -> 我们的第一个谈话对象是[李纳斯·托沃兹][1]，Linux的传奇缔造者以及开源改革先驱。托沃兹生于芬兰的赫尔辛基，是诗人奥尔·托沃兹的孙子。尽管他更喜欢告诉人们，他的名字来自于《花生漫画》中的角色，但事实是他是以李纳斯·鲍林——两次诺贝尔奖获得者的名字来命名的。他的计算机经历是从康懋达公司的一台Amiga 500计算机上开始的，搬到辛克莱尔后又换到了IBM的386上。刚开始，他使用的是Minix操作系统，后来在该系统上衍生出了他自己的Linux操作系统。托沃兹和他的妻子托芙——六次芬兰全国空手道冠军结婚了，婚后他们定居在加利佛尼亚的圣何塞，育有三个女儿。 +> 我们的第一个谈话对象是[李纳斯·托沃兹][1]，Linux的传奇缔造者以及开源改革先驱。托沃兹生于芬兰的赫尔辛基，是诗人奥尔·托沃兹的孙子。尽管他更喜欢告诉人们，他的名字来自于《花生漫画》中的角色，但事实是他是以李纳斯·鲍林——一位两次诺贝尔奖获得者的名字来命名的。他的计算机经历是从一台Commodore计算机上开始的，后来换成了Sinclair和IBM的386上。刚开始，他使用的是Minix操作系统，后来换成了他自己的Linux操作系统。托沃兹和他的妻子托芙——一位六次芬兰全国空手道冠军结婚了，婚后他们定居在加利佛尼亚的圣何塞，育有三个女儿。 **技术视点（TV）**：在当今的技术中，有什么令你感兴趣？ **托沃兹**：我差不多是个“鼠目寸光”的家伙，所以相对于那些更空洞的“大潮流”，我对技术中实在的新东西更感兴趣。 -我喜欢关注硬件公司生产的新产品，关注他们最新的芯片，而其中可能最能激励我的（因为毕竟我是个做软件的）是那些提出新的算法并开发出新的软件来利用这些新功能的人。 +我喜欢关注硬件公司生产的新产品，关注他们最新的芯片，而其中可能最能吸引我的（因为毕竟我是个做软件的）是那些提出新的算法并开发出新的软件来利用这些新功能的人。 **TV**：那在当今科技中，什么真正让你感到恼火？它是怎么以及为什么让你生气？ @@ -18,11 +17,12 @@ 这里，当然也包括我。我认为，整个的“个人崇拜”相当令人不安。而且，我很痛恨把我以及我所说的话看得太重。对于乔布斯，埃里森，盖茨等所谓的领袖，都是如此。我希望更多的人能自己思考，并且意识到技术实际上来自遍布全球的那些默默无闻的伟大工程师中的任意一员。 -我理解人们想要并且需要一个焦点，而这种事也不仅仅发生在技术世界中（嘿，毫无疑问，我希望这事在技术世界中要发生得比娱乐行业来得少；），但是，这事仍然有点令人沮丧。 +我理解人们想要并且需要一个焦点，而这种事也不仅仅发生在技术世界中（嘿，毫无疑问，我希望这事在技术世界中要发生得比娱乐行业来得少 ;) ），但是，这事仍然有点令人沮丧。 -**TV**：你是怎么错过“申请终身许可证”的机会，而其它像Red Hat，SuSE等等却抓住了它？这是因为如果Linux不开源，它起初就不会成为Linux了吗？你能谈谈更多情况吗？你是否曾在此事上感到过后悔？ +**TV**：你是怎么错过“毕生机遇”，而其它像Red Hat，SuSE等等却抓住了它？这是因为如果Linux不开源，它起初就不会成为Linux了吗？你能谈谈更多情况吗？你是否曾在此事上感到过后悔？ + +**托沃兹**：我当然不会因为任何事情后悔。我现在身在一个令人羡慕的位置上，我能干我喜欢的事情。而且，人们因此而尊重我。况且，我自由的能做我想做（也做了）的事情。 -**托沃兹**：我当然不会因为任何事情后悔。我现在身在一个令人羡慕的位置上，我能干我喜欢的事情。而且，人们因此而尊重我。况且，我想要做的（而我已经做了）无偿工作也获得了酬劳。 我想，很少有人会喜欢自己变得与众不同，那么让我来告诉你吧，这种感觉真不错。对于商业方面，我从来都不感兴趣。而且，对我来说，那些可以采用Linux并把它商用的人和公司只是做了我从没有动力做的事情。而这项工作需要人做，也很有益。因此，事实上我很感谢那些商业实体：它们让我能集中精力干我想干的那部分事情。 **TV**：在当今的科技界，哪位是你尊敬的人？为什么？ @@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ 在个人层面上，我更喜欢那些不把他们自己太当一回事，同时又在他们的本职工作上干得很好的人。如果一定要我说一些知名人士，我想我更愿意成为斯蒂芬·沃兹尼克那样的人，我想这也是我尊敬他的原因。 -**TV**：照你估计，当谷歌和微软都实现了各自的诺言，他们之间会发生什么？胜者又为什么会胜出？ +**TV**：在谷歌和微软的言行上，你更敬佩哪个？成功者为什么成功？ -**托沃兹**：我不认为获胜的结果会和获胜的过程一样有趣。 +**托沃兹**：我不认为成功的结果会和成功的过程一样有趣。 -在整个谷歌和微软的竞争中，我真的不认为公司本身相比技术环境中那些吸引人们视线的变革更为有趣。这份竞争，已经从对单个计算机的控制，升级为对成千上万独立计算机的整合。 +在整个谷歌和微软的竞争中，我真的不认为公司本身相比技术环境中那些吸引人们视线的变革更为有趣。这个竞争，已经从对单个计算机的控制，升级为对成千上万独立计算机的整合。 **TV**：你认为像科技灾难、互联网泡沫崩溃以及电信业崩盘这样的事为什么会发生？我们在今后怎样来防止它们再发生？ From f51c78d669d7040092296432dc3ef04ac70edec5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: runningwater Date: Sat, 7 Jun 2014 19:39:26 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 459/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E7=94=B3=E9=A2=86=20?= =?UTF-8?q?by=20runningwater?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- sources/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/sources/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md b/sources/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md index cbdc4a8136..cc1ef959f9 100644 --- a/sources/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md +++ b/sources/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +(翻译中 by runningwater) Encrypting Your Cat Photos ================================================================================ The truth is, I really don't have anything on my hard drive that I would be upset over someone seeing. I have some cat photos. I have a few text files with ideas for future books and/or short stories, and a couple half-written starts to NaNoWriMo novels. It would be easy to say that there's no point encrypting my hard drive, because I have nothing to hide. The problem is, we wrongly correlate a "desire for privacy" with "having something to hide". I think where I live, in America, we've taken our rights to privacy for granted. Rather than the traditional "he must be hiding porn or bombs", think about something a little more mundane. From 2c92bc6b528280f5640ea15b23e4cd341c25de07 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Sat, 7 Jun 2014 20:02:13 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 460/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140617-1=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...u 14.04--Hardware Compatibility Updates.md | 38 ++++ ...20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md | 43 +++++ ...lternatives to Ubuntu One Cloud Storage.md | 126 +++++++++++++ .../talk/20140607 Raspberry Pi In Schools.md | 178 ++++++++++++++++++ 4 files changed, 385 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/20140607 Ubuntu 14.04--Hardware Compatibility Updates.md create mode 100644 sources/news/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md create mode 100644 sources/talk/20140607 Four Awesome Free Alternatives to Ubuntu One Cloud Storage.md create mode 100644 sources/talk/20140607 Raspberry Pi In Schools.md diff --git a/sources/news/20140607 Ubuntu 14.04--Hardware Compatibility Updates.md b/sources/news/20140607 Ubuntu 14.04--Hardware Compatibility Updates.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ac9340f9ab --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20140607 Ubuntu 14.04--Hardware Compatibility Updates.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +Ubuntu 14.04: Hardware Compatibility Updates +================================================================================ +As Ubuntu moves more and more spiritually away from being another “Linux” Distribution (check their site, the word Linux is not to be found, they have changed the language to refer to themselves as “the world’s most popular open source desktop operating system” instead), they continue to make efforts in certifying hardware from various vendors as “Ubuntu compatible”. Let’s take a quick look at some of the work that has gone into the Ubuntu 14.04 LTS hardware compatibility. + +### What Does Certified Mean? ### + +In the case of Ubuntu Certified Compatibility, it means that either the component or the entire desktop/laptop and all its various components are certified to have full driver support within the kernel for the version of Ubuntu it is certified for. Now, there appear to be two levels of this certification: + +- Components Within Device Certification: This is where major components of a device are certified for a particular LTS version of Ubuntu (like the CPU, Video, Network and Storage Controllers) but not necessarily other components as they may vary (sound, wireless, specialized chipsets). +- Full System Certification: This is where an entire device (laptop, desktop or more commonly, a server) and all its myriad of device options are all certified as driver available for a version of Ubuntu LTS + +In the example below, the Dell Inspiron 1545 has had its major components and various other device options certified to run with Ubuntu 12.04 LTS: + +![](https://linuxacademy.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/ubuhdwccert.png) + +### So Do My Components Work or Not? ### + +Well, as in most things related to Linux, the answer is “it depends”. The older your system or component, strangely enough, the more likely that it will be supported in the LTS version you are using. A LOT of work has gone into certifying hardware in LTS in general and strides have been made between versions 12.04 and 14.04 LTS (some estimates have the system certifications increasing almost 30% whereas component additions are almost 40% up since the last major version). + +The newest components are going to be hit and miss (particularly if you are looking for official binary drivers from your friendly neighborhood video chip makers – both NVidia and ATI have fallen behind lately when it comes to getting support for their latest chips in the repository channels for the latest kernel versions). + +If you have any doubt whether your system or server is fully compatible, check [Ubuntu’s handy “Certified Hardware”][1] site and see if your component or system is listed. + +### Final Thoughts ### + +Ubuntu has come a long way (literally and figuratively) in terms of hardware support in regards to Linux. Whereas everyone really used to be pretty hit and miss and getting any component to work properly in Linux could mean hours of searching for drivers, patches, configuration strings and/or special settings for a particular chip and revision. Now, for most major system components made within 90 days of the LTS release, you will find you have a pretty decent shot at getting your system up and running in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. + +Have a different experience or a long standing component with a lack of compatibility? Drop me a note and let me know, I would love to hear about your experiences! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://linuxacademy.com/blog/linux/ubuntu-14-04-hardware-compatibility-updates/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.ubuntu.com/certification/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/news/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md b/sources/news/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0314cd303d --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down +================================================================================ +**Ubuntu One is now formally in shut-down. You have until July 31 to grab your files or they will be lost forever. ** + +Canonical announced that it [was axing the service earlier this year][1], citing a lack of paid users and increased competition from Google, Dropbox and other cloud storage services as chief factors in making the decision. + +Attempting to access the web dashboard of Ubuntu One throws up the following notice informing users that the service has been discontinued: + +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/ubuntu-one-not.png) + +Earlier this month an update was pushed to Ubuntu 12.04 LTS to inform users that Ubuntu One would shortly be removed from the desktop, while Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, released in April, ships without Ubuntu One preinstalled. + +### Get Your Data ### + +To grab all your data as a **.zip** file you simply need to log in and hit the orange button positioned under the main notice. + +Canonical has also partnered with cloud storage migration service [mover.io][2] to allow direct importing of files from Ubuntu One to other services, such as Dropbox, Google Drive and Copy. + +Mover, who describe Ubuntu One as “…a world class file sync and share product”, is offering its data transfer service to Ubuntu One users for free, although it does require an account to be created. The company normally only allows ‘free’ plan users to transfer 2GB data. + +For more details on migrating your data to Google Drive through mover.io you can refer to the following knowledge base article. + +- [Transfer from Ubuntu One to Google Drive][3] + +### Refunds ### + +For those of you who had ponied up cash for extra storage on this or the Ubuntu One Music service, Canonical told us you can expect to receive a refund within the next 7–10 days. + +注：下面的那个链接地址在另外一篇文章中，如果也翻译发布了，可以链接到发布的文章里 +If you’re looking for an Ubuntu One alternative check [out our round up of the most popular][4] cloud services used by our readers. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/06/ubuntu-one-discontinued-grab-files-now + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/canonical-axe-ubuntu-one-file-music-services-grab-data-now +[2]:http://mover.io/ +[3]:http://support.mover.io/knowledgebase/articles/346927-how-to-transfer-from-ubuntu-one-to-google-drive +[4]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/three-alternatives-ubuntu-one \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/talk/20140607 Four Awesome Free Alternatives to Ubuntu One Cloud Storage.md b/sources/talk/20140607 Four Awesome Free Alternatives to Ubuntu One Cloud Storage.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..874770aded --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20140607 Four Awesome Free Alternatives to Ubuntu One Cloud Storage.md @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ +Four Awesome Free Alternatives to Ubuntu One Cloud Storage +================================================================================ +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ass.jpg) + +Be honest: news that [Canonical is shuttering its Ubuntu One cloud storage service][1] came as a shock, right? + +After four years of serving each and every Ubuntu user with a few gigabytes of free space in which to store their documents, music and photos, Canonical have decided to close it down. The service will cease operating as normal from June, and all files will be deleted permanently this July. + +While the reasons behind its closure make sense for the company in lieu of it broader ambitions elsewhere, there’s no getting away from the fact that if you used it daily, you’re going to be left a little peeved. + +> ‘…there is an army of alternatives able to pick up where Ubuntu One has left off’ + +Thankfully there is an army of alternatives able to pick up where Ubuntu One has left off. Most, if not all, offer more space, better features and are generally more reliable than Canonical’s aged offering. In fact, it seems like everyone and their pet cat now offers free cloud storage. + +It’s partly because of the fierce competition between these services, what CEO Jane Silber refers to as the “free storage wars”, that the Ubuntu One offering wasn’t able to find its footing. + +But the promise of some free space and a means of syncing to it through the desktop does not mean they’re all equal, or worthy of entrusting with your data. Which alternatives are worth pursuing? Let’s take a look. + +![Dropbox Indicator on Ubuntu – Comes In Handy](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Screen-Shot-2014-04-03-at-23.28.26.png) +Dropbox Indicator on Ubuntu – Comes In Handy + +### Dropbox ### + +#### Best all rounder #### + +Who hasn’t heard of Dropbox? As the granddaddy of cloud storage, it was the first service to both popularise and implement desktop-to-server syncing in a way that felt productive and not cumbersome. + +Its success was buoyed by a generous referral scheme offering you extra space for signing others up, and extensive cross-platform support. Dropbox makes it easy to hop between devices and OSes and retain access to your files. Other features include public folders that let you share items with other people, regardless of whether they use the service, and near-instantaneous syncing of files as and when they’re changed. + +256-bit AES encryption and two-step verification mean your files are pretty safe and secure. + +For Ubuntu users Dropbox provides a native application that integrates tightly with the default file manager Nautilus. It offers an indicator applet for monitoring, sharing and managing sync; file and folder emblems; and some handy right-click menu options for quick sharing. + +- **2GB** Free Space +- Referral Scheme +- Paid plans start from $9.99/m for 100GB +- **Multi-platform support** (Windows, Mac, iOS, Android, Blackberry & Linux) + +> - [Learn More on the Dropbox Website][2] + +![Insync Integrates Google Drive on Linux](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/indicator.jpg) +Insync Integrates Google Drive on Linux + +### Google Drive ### + +#### Best for space and features #### + +If you use Gmail or Google Docs then you’ll have, at some point or another, interacted with Google Drive. The search giant’s cloud service offers 15GB of free space in which to store your files, folders, photos and the like. These can be accessed from virtually any device with internet access and a fairly recent web browser or through dedicated mobile and desktop apps. + +One of the neat things about Drive is that certain files do not count towards your free space quota; e.g., Google Docs files. Neither do files others have shared with you. Better still, any photos you upload to Google+ that have a resolution less than 2048 x 2048 are also hosted and synced gratis. + +But Drive offers more than just space for your stuff. You also gain tight integration with Google’s own services, like Gmail, Google Docs and Google+. + +While it’s not the easiest alternative to use on Ubuntu owing to a lack of official native support, there are a number of third party tools that allow you to sync your files locally and have all changes made uploaded back. The most popular third part app is InSync. It’s not free (costing a one-off fee of $15 for the basic account) but it is by far the best way to use it. + +- 15GB Free Space +- Paid plans start from $2.99/m for 100GB +- Official apps for Windows, Mac, iOS and Android +- Integrated into Chrome OS +- Unofficial applications for Linux + +> - [Learn More on the Google Drive Website][3] + +![Copy running on Ubuntu](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/copy-indicator.jpg) +Copy running on Ubuntu + +### Copy ### + +#### Best for Security Conscious #### + +If popularity was based solely on the number of referral links that are posted in our comments section, then Copy would win the title hands down. + +It may be less well known than other entrants on this list, but Copy, which is run by cloud enterprise giant Barracuda Networks, touts its robust security benefits the loudest. + +Like Dropbox, Copy uses AES 256-bit encryption on all files but, unlike Dropbox, doesn’t not rely on third-party servers as all files are stored on the company’s own servers. + +“With advanced features like secure sharing, source validation, and identity verification, you can breathe easy knowing your content can only be seen by the people you want,” they promise on their website. + +Another of its unique advantages is that shared files and folders can be assigned to a single user so that they don’t count against the data storage limit for other users. Or, if preferred, the load can be shared between parties so that, for example, a 10GB file shared between 4 people would count as 2.5GB/each, rather than, as on Dropbox, 10GB each. + +Google Drive offers something similar in that only the ‘sharer’ of a file has it count against their storage. + +For desktop integration Copy spoil Linux users. The service supports native integration with **Nautilus, Thunar** and **Caja**, including sync folders and right-click options. An indicator applet/system tray item provides further control options, including a handy list of recently changed files. + +- 15GB Free Space +- Referral scheme +- Paid plans start from $9.99/m for 250GB +- Multi-platform support (Windows, Mac, iOS, Android & Linux) + +> - [Learn More on the Copy Website][4] + +![Manage File Sync Yourself](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/files-tile.jpg) +Manage File Sync Yourself + +### ownCloud ### + +#### Best for privacy #### + +If you’d rather not trust your data in other people’s hands but still want the convenience of a “personal cloud”, ownCloud is a free and open source cloud storage platform you can host yourself. + +Like with other cloud storage services, ownCloud lets you sync and share your files across Windows, OS X, Linux, Android, and iOS. It also comes with calendar integration, photo gallery sharing, built-in support for (mounting) additional storage devices/services – e.g., FTP servers, Dropbox and Amazon S3 – and a slew of “apps” that can be added for additional features in the web interface, including a PDF viewer, text editor, and version control. + +Packages are available for a number of distributions, including Ubuntu from 12.04 to 13.10. + +> - [Learn More on the ownCloud Website][5] + +Chances are some of you reading this will have you own favourite, so don’t take the four picks above as set in stone. Other options worth exploring before committing include [SpiderOak][6], Microsoft [OneDrive][7] and [Box][8]. + + + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/three-alternatives-ubuntu-one + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/canonical-axe-ubuntu-one-file-music-services-grab-data-now +[2]:http://dropbox.com/ +[3]:http://drive.google.com/ +[4]:https://www.copy.com/home/ +[5]:http://owncloud.org/ +[6]:https://spideroak.com/ +[7]:https://onedrive.live.com/ +[8]:https://www.box.com/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/talk/20140607 Raspberry Pi In Schools.md b/sources/talk/20140607 Raspberry Pi In Schools.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6fac29403b --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20140607 Raspberry Pi In Schools.md @@ -0,0 +1,178 @@ +Raspberry Pi In Schools +================================================================================ +> Teaching the world to code is a noble goal, but how is it going to work in practice? + +Two years ago, when the Raspberry Pi launched, it was with the intention of improving IT education in the UK. Since then more powerful, better connected or cheaper boards have come onto the market, but the Pi retains its position as the white knight of ICT teaching. + +Why? Because of the community of users that has grown up around it. To find out more we travelled west to Manchester, venue for the second annual Jamboree – a festival of educators, makers and messer-abouters focussed on highlighting how engaging the Pi can be. There, we met 75% of the Raspberry Pi Foundation’s education team – Ben Nuttall, Clive Beale and Carrie Anne Philbin – to discuss IT teaching in the UK. + +![](http://www.linuxvoice.com/wp-content/uploads/pi-top-img-4.jpg) + +**LV**: So, Raspberry Pi education team, we were saying earlier that the obvious place to start is with the UK government’s Year of Code initiative, but that seems far too negative to being with! + +**Carrie Anne**: Yeah, but there’s so much to say about it! + +**Clive**: I think it’s a fantastic initiative, which just represents everything we stand for, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah! + +**LV**: Should we just leave that then? + +**Clive**: I mean the main issue is how the media portray computing, which is a brilliant, creative, rigorous, hard, challenging, fun thing, to just reduced to ‘this code’. ‘We must learn to code.’ ‘You better learn code or you’re a rubbish teacher.’ Which of course is not the case at all, it’s so much more than that. And so the teachers are running around now thinking the sky’s falling because they think that by September 2014, if they can’t code, then they’ve failed and they’ll think their kids have failed, and it’s a really bad message. There hasn’t been a simple message to say this is not the case, get out into the playground with some chalk and make a maze and do some computing, to teach them how to use a computer. No politician has stepped in to say this is not the case and they haven’t asked teachers who would tell them this isn’t the case. And that’s the problem. Where are the teachers? Where are the people that are actually teaching? + +**LV**: As you’ve just left teaching to join the Raspberry Pi Foundation, what are your thought Carrie Anne? + +**Carrie Anne**: It feels like a lot longer than two months, it feels like an eternity! + +**Clive**: Is that bad? + +**Carrie Anne**: No no, not at all! Because teachings so fast paced in that you’re seeing the results of what you’re doing in class straight away, whereas being out of the classroom for the past two months and working the Foundation, I can’t actually see the impact I’m having, but obviously people are talking to me and saying I am having an impact. It’s just very different to what I was seeing before. Clive always said there’s a massive difference between teaching and being a teacher. There are a lot of people we talk to who run Raspberry Jams, workshops, CoderDoJos and that kind of thing, and they always say ‘Oh, it’s really easy, you just do this, this and this.’ And it’s like, great, but you’ve got kids coming to you that *want* to learn this stuff. Imagine a class where you’ve got a bunch of kids who aren’t interested or engaged by this subject and actually teaching is much harder… + +**Clive**: Maybe 15 year olds on a Friday afternoon… + +**Carrie Anne**: Yes, a six-period day, end of the week… + +**Clive**: Ofsted saying, ‘Why haven’t your kids developed after 20 minutes in your lesson? Why haven’t they progressed?’. It’s very different. + +**Carrie Anne**: It’s very different, yep. + +**LV**: So you have some idea of how things should be done because of your recent experience? + +**Carrie Anne**: Yes. + +> The Raspberry Jams have done an excellent job of bringing people together from all walks of life + +**LV**: Are we, in general as a society, doing the right things? + +**Carrie Anne**: I think so. I think what’s been really nice about the Raspberry Pi community is that is gives back to the community. So there are experts, there are people who love what they do, who are reaching out to teachers and reaching out to children by running workshops and clubs and things. And it’s actually that collaboration that produces the best materials and produces the best way to move forward with the new curriculum. I mean, the work I did as a teacher producing the Sonic Pi was a team of work. That was because I worked with, yes an academic, but he was an expert. He wanted to develop a teaching environment that I could use with my students to teach tech-based programing in a fun and engaging way, that engaged both genders and engaged both low ability students and high ability students. It’s a tech-based programming language, which is important at Key Stage 3 where you need to not just be able to teach Scratch, you need to teach a tech-based language that’s nice bridge between Starch and something like Python, which we can teach later on. So, yeah, I think we are moving in the right direction. It would be nicer if the powers that be… + +**Clive**: It would be nice to see that as a microcosm of how these things actually happen. So as an academic has a brilliant idea and they’re very good at what they do, and then they come to a teacher and say ‘How can we make this useful in the classroom?’, ‘How can we get assessment in there?’, which schools needs frankly, ‘How do we make it robust?’, ‘How can we test it?’. And isn’t that a weird idea, to actually ask the people that teach how we should do that? It hasn’t happened really. But, yes, as Carrie says, we’re going in the right direction, certainly. The community and third parties are doing more to push it along. + +**LV**: From someone outside a little bit, it kind of looks like this community has sort of spontaneously developed around the Raspberry Pi. Has this always been there or has it just become more obvious now? + +**Carrie Anne**: I think it’s always been there. I was a teacher so when Raspberry Pi first came out I got one. It got it and then I was like, this is brilliant! Someone’s developed something for education. A Linux box that we can use in the classroom. It’s cheap, it’s brilliant! + +**Clive**: And mess about with. + +**Carrie Anne**: Yeah, it’s going to be great! And then I was like, right, so where are the resources to go with it? Ah, there aren’t any. Then I was like, so where can I go and find some? The first obvious place was Raspberry Jam. There are people running events where they’re doing stuff. So I thought I’ll go along and speak to some people, and see what’s available. And it was through that that I met people to work with, and they’d formed that themselves, the enthusiasts from throughout the community around the Raspberry Pi. + +**Clive**: It’s been a focus, hasn’t it? There’s been a lot of people sort of hanging around, saying ‘Look, I like tinkering, I like messing, I like coding, I like making’, and this thing appeared which was cheap and cheerful and fantastic to play around with, and I think it was a focus. It was waiting to happen really. + +![Carrie Ann Philbin, The Raspberry Pi Foundation’s Education Pioneer](http://www.linuxvoice.com/wp-content/uploads/carrie-ann-1.jpg) +Carrie Ann Philbin, The Raspberry Pi Foundation’s Education Pioneer + +**LV**: Was there anything equivalent to Raspberry Jams before the Raspberry Pi came along for people and teachers to come together? + +**Carrie Anne**: Well teachers tend to generally get together through things like TeachMeets and through Twitter, and those kinds of chat tools. There are ways that you can get together, but that’s more talking about teaching practice. Like the different ways you can use a sentence. It’s very teachery, it wasn’t specific to teaching computing. + +**Clive**: I think hardware-wise, Raspberry Pi was in the right place and the right time. + +**Ben**: The Jams done a really good job of bringing people together. The people, like myself, who were attending user groups that are interested in tech and really passionate about it, have got a chance to share that interest with the wider community. There were families coming in, teachers coming in, and they were just sharing what they were doing. And the skills they already had, and I was already programming in Python and things like that just on the desktop, and the Pi came along and it opened up this way of plugging into the real world and all the other things the Pi brings with it. Just being about to use those skills and pass them on, I got myself involved in Education through that. + +**LV**: So you weren’t a teacher before then? + +**Ben**: No, I was a software developer. + +**Carrie Anne**: This is what’s great about the education team at Raspberry Pi. It’s 50% ex-teachers and 50% software developers. We need people like Ben and Dave (Honess). + +**Ben**: Yes, some people have ideas for things and think this could be an engaging exercise, but they may not know exactly how to deliver it, or how it’s going to work. They might not know how exactly a teacher is supposed to produce something to use that, but they have an end goal and working with someone else can help achieve that. + +**Clive**: Yeah, you’re right, the real key is the mix. So you’re getting teachers and engineers and developers and families. Before, they might have been on a Linux user group, they might have been a teacher group, and you’re just bringing a bunch of different people together and that just (to use a horrible word!) synergizes stuff. +(Everyone LOL) + +**Clive**: Yes, I did it! I said synergizes! I’m buying a copy of the magazine now. + +**Carrie Anne**: There’s something that comes about from getting all those different types of people together is that it breeds this wonderful learning environment that you cannot reproduce. Like, you were running a Picamera workshop this morning. So that was run by people who run Jams who are from industry. And what was really nice is that there were teachers and there were people who had come for the Jamboree from industry that were helping the teachers do stuff. And there was this environment that was like, it’s ok to not know something, it’s ok to ask a question, it’s ok to get it wrong and make mistakes. And that’s really powerful because sometimes teachers are afraid perhaps of saying they don’t know. + +**Ben**: So at this workshop, we gave people an intro to building a real application around the camera. So it’s not just ‘Oh, there’s a camera and you can take pictures’. It was ‘Ok, let’s plug in a button, and attach that to the Pi and let’s make that be the button for the camera’. And just a simple intro like that opens up a world of possibilities. Sometimes a lot of these things like the Jam, just gives you a lot of inspiration. Or if you see something in a magazine or online, or on Twitter, and you think somebody’s done that with the Pi, I’d really like to do that project in my garden or I’d like to do that myself and twist it and use some of the libraries they’ve used or used some of the codebase they’ve used and take it in their own direction. + +**Clive**: Like it’s not a button, it’s a sensor for when your parents walk into your bedroom, it then tweets it as they walk in. + +**Ben**: And everyone’s got a different way of thinking. If you’re in classroom of 30 kids and you show them how to make a button do this, each of them is thinking ‘Oh I can make a such and such’. They’ll all have a different idea. And some of them will just go straight home and make one. And some of them would need a lot more guidance. + +> Every teacher needs more time off their timetable to develop their skills + +**LV**: Are there some kids that just don’t get it at all? + +**Ben**: I think there’s something for everyone, but they might not find it straight away. If you delivered a term’s worth of content for a class, with a good scope of different projects, I’d be surprised if there was one kid that wasn’t interested in any of it or didn’t find any of it engaging. + +**Clive**: It’s almost an antidote for kids not getting it. With teaching music, you’ll have people that are level 5 or 6 while others can’t read music. Because computing is creative and engaging, we don’t all have to become master coders. With Scratch, it’s a visual language and you’ll find that quite often you’ll get what are classed as low ability kids that just rip into that and do fantastic things because it’s the first time they’ve been allowed to get ideas out of their heads and make something with it. And before, if they’ve had problems with writing and numeracy, they haven’t been able to do that. There are case studies with young boys that aren’t very good at reading and writing but they start telling stories when you give them an environment where they can actually do these things. So it’s brilliant tool to actually fight the opposite. It’s not that they don’t get it. There’s something for everybody. + +![Linux Voice’s Andrew Gregory asks Clive Beale a tough question](http://www.linuxvoice.com/wp-content/uploads/pi-clive-1.jpg) +Linux Voice’s Andrew Gregory asks Clive Beale a tough question + +**LV**: Pre-Raspberry Pi, in the dark ages of about 5 years ago, before the ICT revolution, what would those children be doing? Would they have responded to ICT at all? + +**Carrie Anne**: In a classroom, you have a network of computers that are all on lockdown. You’ve got your network administrator and team of technicians, and they do a wonderful job and I certainly wouldn’t slate them – I was a technician once. But we were living in a time where you had to lock down the internet, which I disagree with, I think it should be open. And all the computers, you can’t execute any files on them, so you can’t actually teach any programming on them. So that was a problem for me. + +**LV**: Is that changing? + +**Carrie Anne**: I think it is changing, and will change with the new curriculum. For me as a teacher, what was great when the Raspberry Pi came along is that I don’t actually need those computers around the outside any more. + +**LV**: So you don’t need permission. + +**Carrie Anne**: Here’s my box full of Pis, let’s just get them out. + +**Clive**: I’ll install what you want, do what I want. + +**Carrie Anne**: Yeah, you can break it. And that’s ok, you just flash it and start again. + +**Clive**: In 1997, they put the C back in ICT and suddenly it became this thing that you had to teach. The curriculum wasn’t really that bad. A lot of people moan about it, but if you actually sat down and read it, it was quite flexible and did let you do take control and make programming and coding interesting. But because resources are so important to schools, you just ended up doing the easy things. + +**LV**: But when you said about kids using Scratch and becoming motivated to do other things, that would never have happened before the Raspberry Pi came along. + +**Clive**: Yes, it was more just following what the teacher said, ‘And now we’re going to write a letter to the cinema’ or something. That’s like giving someone a Ferrari and saying you’ve just got to drive in this room for half an hour. So you’ve given them this fantastic tool for exploration and creativity, and you’re saying we’ve got to do this. Whereas with the computing thing, especially things like Scratch, just lets them think, ‘Ok, I can do a movie, I can do a little flip frame animation, or you know what, I can actually make a game’. And then suddenly they’re doing stuff that they haven’t had the opportunity to do. + +**Carrie Anne**: Yeah, and I think that ICT curriculum was about 12 years out of date. It was created and it wasn’t updated. + +> you can break it. And that’s ok, you just flash it and start again + +**LV**: Obviously quite a lot has changed in computing education according to the media over the last couple of years in the UK. Broadly speaking, it is getting better? + +**Carrie Anne**: Yes. + +**LV**: What are the parts that pushed it to be better. + +**Carrie Anne**: I think the teachers. They’re the ones in the classroom that have to teach the curriculum. When I became a teacher, I was already working in a school and I kept putting it off becoming a teacher because the curriculum bored me. But then I realised that, when I actually got into the classroom, I was able to put my own spin on it. I think it started with the teachers. Those people saying we want a new curriculum, we want to teach this and it’s engaging the kids and they’re learning something. I think it started there and then I think industry picked up on the fact that that was happening and they wanted more industry experts. And then the government got involved and it snowballed really. + +**Clive**: Scratch was a big word-of-mouth thing wasn’t it. It was about mid-2000 when it came out, and suddenly you just found that any teacher worth their salt was using it for their ICT curriculum because it taught about control. + +**Carrie Anne**: HTML as well. HTML has been on the curriculum for years. We’ve been teaching HTML in Notepad for years. + +**LV**: What are going to be the big things pushing it forward over the next few years? + +**Carrie Anne**: I think more of the same really. It’ll be teachers, it’s always the teachers. They’re the ones that come to the Jamboree and this kind of thing, and learn from people like Ben and that sort of collaboration. That’s where it starts. The teachers see what can be done, and they start doing it, and they’ll be more of that. And there are initiatives like code clubs and the Master Teachers are great. + +**Clive**: Teachers are meeting up more when before may not have been getting together. + +**Ben**: And as well as there being a more content, I think they’ll be convergence of a lot of this stuff. So, because the Raspberry Pi doesn’t have any official resources right now, some people are going off and writing their own. I think they’ll be a convergence of people pulling their ideas together and there’ll be a more centralised system for that. And we’ll be helping the community out with that. + +**Clive**: ‘We’ll be at the forefront of that’, is that quote! + +**LV**: You haven’t mentioned government policy, or anything like that at all. Is that a negative thing or just by-the-by? + +**Clive**: I was at the Westminster forum yesterday and they had a chap from the DFE there, and I couldn’t resist it, so I got the mic and said you haven’t really taken it seriously have you? He turned round and said, we have *really* take it seriously. This idea that we can just bring in a new program of study and saying ‘Oh, aren’t we wonderful’, because Eric Schmidt’s speech and going over that, and suddenly we’re made it all better for you. But you haven’t, you just seemed to have done something that a lot of teachers are now scared of. So there’s a lot of work to do, and we’re really positive. But no, the government have not, in my personal opinion, given the money or the support or the thought behind this. If you go to Jersey, it’s such a great contrast. 6 million pounds, 100 thousand people on the island – the size of Cambridge. Compared to the 53 million in England and parts of the UK. This is in England initially, it’s not in Scotland and Wales. They’re got the infrasture, fibre to the door in every school, linking into businesses, £2 million CPD for teachers, well that’s practically what the government pay for the whole of England. So, have you taken it seriously, no. I think they’ve completing underestimated what’s involved. They thought the teachers would just pick it up and have the time and resources, which we don’t have the time for. + +**Carrie Anne**: Maggie Philbin has been leading a UK digital skills taskforce, of which I’m part the team. We’re looking at where the skill shortages are and what are digital skills. Because there’s going to a whole group of kids who are now 14 to 16 who are going to leave the education system who haven’t had new programs like these. They were on the old program, so we’re looking at who will be deskilled and what we can do about that. So hopefully that report will inform government policy. + +**Ben**: There must be a generation of people that don’t have their own website. + +**LV**: If there’s one thing you could change about government policy, what would it be? + +**Clive**: It really is to do with support for teachers. This idea that teachers would be able to, especially primary school teachers where you have to teach a range of subjects, suddenly go off, and even the guy yesterday said, well there’s loads of third party resources, but you’ve still got to go out and get them and try them out and learn and bring them all together. + +**Carrie Anne**: Time. One of the biggest recommendations that I would say is time. Every teacher needs more time off their timetable to develop their skills, especially in an area like this that they perhaps think they’re weak. Because it takes a while to set things up and start your learning. As a teacher, you get like a 30 period timetable, you’re teaching for about 22 lessons of that with about 7 free periods, but some of those you’ll be covering for another lesson and some of those I need to plan my lesson and mark. They need time. + +**Clive**: If you look at science, so if you’re a chemistry or biology teacher at secondary, there’s a scheme where you can re-skill to physics and they will give you free periods, huge bursary, and they’ll also take you off timetable one day a week to go off and go to other schools and retrain, and maybe pay for the cover. And this is the government doing this, and if you do this, this and this, you come out as an accredited physics teacher. So they took that seriously, but yet here’s a brand new subject and they’re expecting people just to pick up and run with it, and it’s completely inadequate. + +**Carrie Anne**: But it’s not just time to learn something, it’s also time to go and meet industry people. Like go to a company and be in there and work and learn from them, and see what the world is like. Because some people, they went through education, went to university and became a teacher, so they’ve never left this school environment and they’ve got no idea of what the world of work is like. + +**Ben**: I think there are some people in the current government that seem to think there should just be this package, and this is what you should deliver as your syllabus this year. Everyone is treated the same. Each teacher has their own class, and they’re all different, with different ways of engaging their interest. It needs to be tailored, so the teacher needs to take that material, and perhaps look on our site in the next year and say, well this one looks quite suitable for my class, or this one might be a good one to do. + +**Clive**: It’s so long term. The government also do not understand that this is long term. So if you’re going to start teaching at 5 about algorithms and a bit of code and Scratch, what happens further down the line. The secondary school teacher will be saying, I can’t teach them Scratch anymore, which is what we do in Year 7 at the moment. So it’s actually quite a long term thing and things will continue to change over the next several years until that pipeline becomes full. And they’ve unbelievably said here’s £2 million, do some training for September 2014. What’s 2014 got to do with it? This is five, six, seven years down the line. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.linuxvoice.com/education-education-education/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file From ffb7cf0c88b53291c0f55aedeb66b105f8ff3081 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Sat, 7 Jun 2014 20:15:19 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 461/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140607-2=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...How to turn Vim into a full-fledged IDE.md | 87 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 87 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/20140607 How to turn Vim into a full-fledged IDE.md diff --git a/sources/talk/20140607 How to turn Vim into a full-fledged IDE.md b/sources/talk/20140607 How to turn Vim into a full-fledged IDE.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..105457c4cc --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20140607 How to turn Vim into a full-fledged IDE.md @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +How to turn Vim into a full-fledged IDE +================================================================================ +If you code a little, you know how handy an Integrated Development Environment (IE) can be. Java, C, Python, they all become a lot more accessible when the IDE software is checking the syntax for you, compiling in the background, or importing the libraries you need. On the other hand, if you are on Linux, you might also know how handy Vim can be when it comes to text editing. So naturally, you would like to get all the features of an IDE from Vim. + +In fact, there are quite a few ways to do so. One could think of [c.vim][1] which attempts to transform Vim into a C oriented IDE, or [Eclim][2] which merges Vim into Eclipse. However, I would like to propose you a more generalist approach using only plugins. You do not want to bloat your editor with too many panels or features. Instead, the plugin approach lets you choose what you put into your Vim. As a bonus, the result will not be language-specific, allowing you to code in anything. So here is my **top 10 list of plugins which brings IDE features to Vim**. + +### Bonus: Pathogen ### + +First of all, we might not all be familiar with plugins for Vim, and how to install them. This is why the first plugin that I recommend is Pathogen, as it will allow you to install other plugins more easily. That way, if you want to install another plugin for Vim not listed here, you will be able to do so easily. The [official page][3] is really well documented, so go visit it to download and install. From there installing the rest of the plugins will be easy. + +### 1. SuperTab ### + +[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5158/14332189422_34aeb086ed_z.jpg)][4] + +The first thing we get used to in an IDE is auto-completion feature. For that, I like the plugin [SuperTab][5] which comes in quite handy, giving "super powers" to the tabulation key. + +### 2. Syntastic ### + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3894/14354095583_ce9b112b97_z.jpg) + +If you tend to code in more than one language, it is really easy to confuse the syntax at some point. Hopefully, [syntastic][6] will check it for you, and tell you if should put brackets or parentheses for that conditional, or remind you that you forgot a semi-colon somewhere. + +### 3. Auto Pairs ### + +Another thing that drives most of the coders insane: did I write this last parenthesis or not?! Everyone hates counting with your finger all the parentheses you put so far. To deal with that, I use [Auto Pairs][7], which automatically inserts and formats parentheses and brackets. + +### 4. NERD Commenter ### + +Then if you are looking for a quick shortcut to comment code, regardless of the programming language, you can turn to [NERD Commenter][8]. Even if you are not a programmer, I really really recommend this plugin as it just so efficient while commenting bash scripts or anything in your system. + +### 5. Snipmate ### + +Any programmer knows that a good coders codes, but an excellent one reuses. For that, [snipmate][9] will easily insert code snippets into your file and greatly reduce your typing. It comes by default with a lot of snippets for various languages, but you can also easily add yours to the list. + +### 6. NERDTree ### + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3899/14332189462_d66b71cf7c_z.jpg) + +To manage a big project, it is always a good idea to split the code into different files. Just basic good coding practices. And to keep all this files in mind, [NERDTree][10] is a nice file browser to use straight from Vim. + +### 7. MiniBufferExplorer ### + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3904/14332189492_209a3ee2dc_z.jpg) + +To complement a file explorer, there is nothing better than a good buffer manager to have more than one file open at any time. [MiniBufferExplorer][11] does the job well and efficiently. It even sets different colors for your buffers as well as easy shortcuts to switch the focus. + +### 8. Tag List ### + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3889/14147244138_c04731826a_z.jpg) + +When you have more than one file open at any given time, it is easy to forget what you put in them. To prevent that, [Tag List][12] is a code visualizer that will display the different variables and functions written in a nice compact format. + +### 9. undotree ### + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2913/14354095453_8bb87a3e31_z.jpg) + +For all of us who like to undo, redo, and undo again some modifications to see how the compilation evolves, [undotree][13] is a nice plugin to see your undo and redo edits in a tree. This kind of functionality is clearly not limited to code, so this is a plugin that I like a lot. + +### 10. gdbmgr ### + +Finally, last but not least, anyone needs a good debugger at some point. If you like gdb, then [gdbmgr][14] is for you as it integrates the famous debugger to Vim. + +To conclude, whether you are an insane coder or not, it is always handy to have a few extra functions of Vim at hand at any time. Like I said in the introduction, you do not have to install all these plugins if you do not need them, or you might want to install different ones. But this is definitely a solid basis. + +What plugins do you use for Vim? Or how would you complement this top 10? Please let us know in the comments. +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/06/turn-vim-full-fledged-ide.html + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=213 +[2]:http://eclim.org/ +[3]:https://github.com/tpope/vim-pathogen +[4]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14332189422/ +[5]:https://github.com/ervandew/supertab +[6]:https://github.com/scrooloose/syntastic +[7]:https://github.com/jiangmiao/auto-pairs +[8]:https://github.com/scrooloose/nerdcommenter +[9]:https://github.com/garbas/vim-snipmate +[10]:https://github.com/scrooloose/nerdtree +[11]:http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=159 +[12]:http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=273 +[13]:https://github.com/mbbill/undotree +[14]:http://vim.sourceforge.net/scripts/script.php?script_id=4104 \ No newline at end of file From 6dd5db05e33f9c5c3314b7b3e815689822b86eba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: chunxiao ye Date: Sat, 7 Jun 2014 20:20:38 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 462/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E4=B9=8C=E9=BE=99=E8=8C=B6=E7=BF=BB?= =?UTF-8?q?=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... portion of membership fees to Code.org.md | 27 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 27 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/news/20140603 Linux Foundation to donate portion of membership fees to Code.org.md diff --git a/translated/news/20140603 Linux Foundation to donate portion of membership fees to Code.org.md b/translated/news/20140603 Linux Foundation to donate portion of membership fees to Code.org.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..064558dc1d --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/20140603 Linux Foundation to donate portion of membership fees to Code.org.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +Linux基金会捐赠部分会员费给Code.org +================================================================================ +![](http://www.muktware.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Linux_Foundation_logo-360x109.png) + +Linux基金会[宣布][1]鉴于年中个别成员的努力和推广。对于每一位在2014年6月1日到6月30日晚上11:59之间加入的新会员，Code.org将会收入其会费25美元。 + +Code.org是通过使其可在更多的学校提供机会，以提高妇女和没有名额的学生的参与，致力于计算机科学扩大的非营利性组织。其目标是提供给每所学校的学生学习计算机科学的机会。Code.org与Linux基金会的使命是增加人们学习编程的机会。 + +Amanda McPherson，CMO在Linux基金会解释-当今的许多Linux人才都是从学生时代开始摆弄电脑，并在大学期间编写了简单地程序。通过帮助提供这个月的个人会员捐款给Code.org，我们希望社会各界能够支持Linux和Linux创始人Linus Torvalds的工作，同时帮助增加获取计算机科学教育的下一代Linux开发人员和系统管理员。 + +学习和教育也是Linux基金会最优先考虑的。基金会最近宣布的第一个“Linux入门”大规模开放式网络课程（MOOC），它是免费提供给所有人的。已经有超过14万人登记8月开始的第一节课。他也提供并组织各种培训课程。 + +Linux基金会会员们支持着Linux和开源社区的发展。作为额外津贴，成员也会收到包括20%折扣的LinuxCon和CloudOpen登记独家优惠；高达10%折扣的Linux基金会培训；一个Linux.com的电子邮件地址（例如john@linux.com）；戴尔，惠普和联想的员工优惠价；高达35%折扣的O'Reilly书籍和电子书；以及其他各种折扣。 + +每年的会员费为99美元。对于学生是25美元，但包含相同的个人会员优惠。要注册，请访问： +[https://www.linuxfoundation.org/about/join/individual][2] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.muktware.com/2014/06/linux-foundation-donate-portion-membership-fees-code-org/27942 + +译者：[乌龙茶](https://github.com/yechunxiao19) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/announcements/2014/06/linux-foundations-biannual-membership-drive-kicks-portion-dues +[2]:https://www.linuxfoundation.org/about/join/individual From 24f3207b79fcc451c16a1c2cb9bdb16d11ab0fad Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: chunxiao ye Date: Sat, 7 Jun 2014 20:22:06 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 463/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E4=B9=8C=E9=BE=99=E8=8C=B6=E7=BF=BB?= =?UTF-8?q?=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... portion of membership fees to Code.org.md | 28 ------------------- 1 file changed, 28 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/20140603 Linux Foundation to donate portion of membership fees to Code.org.md diff --git a/sources/news/20140603 Linux Foundation to donate portion of membership fees to Code.org.md b/sources/news/20140603 Linux Foundation to donate portion of membership fees to Code.org.md deleted file mode 100644 index 08da1002ad..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20140603 Linux Foundation to donate portion of membership fees to Code.org.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,28 +0,0 @@ -乌龙茶 占坑 -Linux Foundation to donate portion of membership fees to Code.org -================================================================================ -![](http://www.muktware.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Linux_Foundation_logo-360x109.png) - -The Linux Foundation [announced][1] its mid-year individual membership drive and promotion. For each new membership between 01 June to 11:59 p.m. PT on June 30, 2014, Code.org will receive $25. - -Code.org is a non-profit organization dedicated to the expansion of computer science by making it available in more schools and increasing participation by women and underrepresented students of color. Its vision is to provide the opportunity of learning computer science to every school student. Code.org identifies with the Linux Foundation’s mission to increase opportunities for people to learn programming of all types. - -Amanda McPherson, CMO at The Linux Foundation explains – “Many of today’s Linux professionals got started as students, tinkering with computers and writing simple programs during college. By helping extend individual membership contributions this month to Code.org, we hope the community can support Linux and the work of Linux creator Linus Torvalds while helping to increase access to computer science education for the next generation of Linux developers and SysAdmins”. - -Learning and education are top priorities at The Linux Foundation too. It recently announced the first ‘Introduction to Linux’ Massive Open Online Course (MOOC), which is free for all. More than 140,000 people already enrolled for the first class that begins this August. It also offers and organizes various training programs. - -The Linux Foundation memberships support the advancement of Linux and open source community. As additional perks, members also receive exclusive benefits that include 20 percent off LinuxCon and CloudOpen registration; up to 10 percent off Linux Foundation training; a Linux.com email address (e.g. john@linux.com); employee purchase pricing from Dell, HP and Lenovo; up to 35 percent off O’Reilly books and e-books; and a variety of other discounts. - -The membership fee per year is $99. For students it is $25 and includes the same benefits as individual members. To sign up, visit: -[https://www.linuxfoundation.org/about/join/individual][2] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.muktware.com/2014/06/linux-foundation-donate-portion-membership-fees-code-org/27942 - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/announcements/2014/06/linux-foundations-biannual-membership-drive-kicks-portion-dues -[2]:https://www.linuxfoundation.org/about/join/individual From 93948a81920d37e878217db929bccaf2bb7a97ed Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Sat, 7 Jun 2014 20:29:47 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 464/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140607-3=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... Enterprise Linux launched for SAP HANA.md | 42 +++++++++++ ...Extract Images From Videos Using ffmpeg.md | 72 +++++++++++++++++++ ...40607 How To Install iCup 2014 In Linux.md | 33 +++++++++ 3 files changed, 147 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/20140607 Red Hat Enterprise Linux launched for SAP HANA.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140607 How To Extract Images From Videos Using ffmpeg.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140607 How To Install iCup 2014 In Linux.md diff --git a/sources/news/20140607 Red Hat Enterprise Linux launched for SAP HANA.md b/sources/news/20140607 Red Hat Enterprise Linux launched for SAP HANA.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f2844dfc4c --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20140607 Red Hat Enterprise Linux launched for SAP HANA.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +Red Hat Enterprise Linux launched for SAP HANA +================================================================================ +Red Hat has expanded the company’s strategic alliance with SAP AG to make it easier for customers to adopt and run the SAP Data Management portfolio, including the SAP HANA platform, SAP Adaptive Server Enterprise (SAP ASE), SAP IQ software, and the SAP SQL Anywhere suite on Red Hat’s open source solutions. + +The expanded collaboration is expected to enable real-time, in-memory innovation by providing an open, scalable, integrated and highly-available platform for solutions from SAP along with those that are custom-built in an effort to expand customer choice when it comes to fueling business performance and helping enterprises realize increased value from cloud computing and big data. + +Steve Lucas, president, Platform Solutions, SAP AG added: “By joining forces with Red Hat to enable SAP HANA on Red Hat Enterprise Linux, we plan to give our customers an additional choice upon which to base deployments of SAP solutions; an open, flexible and scalable platform that is intended to support customers’ data management needs across on-premise and cloud environments.” + +As the foundation of the enhanced partnership, Red Hat Enterprise Linux is now available and qualified for production use of SAP HANA and supported by partners’ SAP-certified hardware solutions. SAP HANA enables customers to capture business transactions to help make smarter, faster decisions through real-time analysis and reporting combined with dramatically accelerated business processes. Customers can now also enjoy expanded choice when it comes to their deployments of SAP HANA to experience the reliability, quality and stability offered by Red Hat Enterprise Linux. They can also standardize deployments of SAP solutions on Red Hat’s high-performing, secure and open platform, helping to ensure consistency of operations across the business. + +> We are looking for aspiring bloggers and journalists for The Mukt. If you are interested, [apply now!][1] + +Red Hat Enterprise Linux for SAP HANA is designed for easy deployment and simplified integration, and will be available via SAP-certified hardware appliances from partners. Delivered through the power of the partner ecosystems of Red Hat and SAP, it is planned for customers to now have access to a portfolio of cross-industry experience and expertise that harnesses the flexible, scalable and open nature of SAP software and Red Hat solutions that are designed to meet a variety of enterprise information requirements. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.muktware.com/2014/06/red-hat-enterprise-linux-launched-sap-hana/27946 + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.themukt.com/write-mukt/ +[2]: +[3]: +[4]: +[5]: +[6]: +[7]: +[8]: +[9]: +[10]: +[11]: +[12]: +[13]: +[14]: +[15]: +[16]: +[17]: +[18]: +[19]: +[20]: \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/20140607 How To Extract Images From Videos Using ffmpeg.md b/sources/tech/20140607 How To Extract Images From Videos Using ffmpeg.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e9aa29366e --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140607 How To Extract Images From Videos Using ffmpeg.md @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +How To Extract Images From Videos Using ffmpeg +================================================================================ +Hi unixmen readers, + +Have you ever wanted to extract images from a video file? It is possible to do such thing in Linux and for this tutorial I will use ffmpeg to get images from a video. + +### What is ffmpeg? ### + +ffmpeg is a very useful command line program which can be used to transcode media files. It is part of the FFmpeg leading multimedia framework that has many functionalities such as the ability to decode, encode, transcode, mux, demux, stream, filter and play pretty much anything that humans and machines have created. + +There are many various tools included in the framework each of which has a specific role. For example the ffserver is used to stream multimedia for live broadcasts, ffprobe is used to analyze multimedia stream, ffplay can be used as a simple media player and **ffmpeg** has the ability to convert multimedia files between formats. + +If you are interested the followings are the developer libraries included in the FFmpeg framework: + +- libavutil is a library containing functions for simplifying programming, including random number generators, data structures, mathematics routines, core multimedia utilities, and much more. +- libavcodec is a library containing decoders and encoders for audio/video codecs. +- libavformat is a library containing demuxers and muxers for multimedia container formats. +- libavdevice is a library containing input and output devices for grabbing from and rendering to many common multimedia input/output software frameworks, including Video4Linux, Video4Linux2, VfW, and ALSA. +- libavfilter is a library containing media filters. +- libswscale is a library performing highly optimized image scaling and color space/pixel format conversion operations. +- libswresample is a library performing highly optimized audio resampling, rematrixing and sample format conversion operations. + +**Note**: ffmpeg and FFmpeg are not the same. FFmpeg is the framework and the ffmpeg one of the utilities included on it. + +### Let the action begin ### + +In order to follow this tutorial you need to install the ffmpeg command line utility in your linux machine. Ubuntu users can easily install the ffmpeg utility by typing and running the following command in their terminal. + + sudo apt-get install ffmpeg + +Fedora users can install ffmpeg directly from the repos. + + yum install ffmpeg + +Or you can compile it from source. Before compiling and installing it from source you need to download it from the official website with the help of the following command. + + wget http://www.ffmpeg.org/releases/ffmpeg-2.2.3.tar.bz2 + +Extract the archive with the following command. + + tar -xvjf ffmpeg-2.2.3.tar.bz2 + +Once the archive is extracted run the following command. + + ./configure + make + +Once the compile is finished run the following command to install ffmpeg. + + su -c 'make install' + +Not that everything is set up, all you have to is type a few commands in your terminal and you will be able to extract images from any type of video file. + +Before going any further make sure you are in the same directory with the video file from which you want to extract images from. Use the cd command to navigate to the right directory. Since the video I am using for the purpose of this tutorial is in my Desktop i use the following command to navigate to my desktop. + + cd /home/oltjano/Desktop + +Then I use the following command to extract images from my video file. + + ffmpeg -i "Тимати - Рентген ( Альбом '13')-C9Plztvv8ac.mp4" -r 1 -q:v 2 -f image2 image-3%d.jpeg + +The **-i** option serves to get the input which in my case is the video file named **Тимати – Рентген ( Альбом ’13′)-C9Plztvv8ac.mp4**, the -r option sets the number of frames to be extracted as images every second. I like to extract one frame every second. + +Then a very important option that should be mentioned and I like to use is the -q:v which is used to set the image quality of the images being extracted. I always get high quality images when extracting them from a video by using the value of 2. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.unixmen.com/extract-images-videos-using-ffmpeg/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/20140607 How To Install iCup 2014 In Linux.md b/sources/tech/20140607 How To Install iCup 2014 In Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a1e8689a1c --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140607 How To Install iCup 2014 In Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +How To Install iCup 2014 In Linux +================================================================================ +![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/icup2014-790x389.png) + +Hi linux geeks, + +In this short tutorial, I will teach you how to install a very nice app for the 2014 FIFA World Cup in your Linux distribution. The application is called iCup and is available for Windows, Mac and Linux. + +It has been a very long time since I have watched a football match so I thought to install this app on my machine to stay updated with the latest statistics on World Cup 2014. I don’t want to look like an ignorant regarding football in front of my friends. The iCup application can provide information on matches schedule, scorers, team coaches and formations of every match. There are also real time updates that give you the latest data during the matches. + +### It supports the following features: ### + +- Fully localizable on the fly in about 30 languages (use the language menu into the option panel) +- Exclusive flexible user interface that adapt the data size to the window dimensions +- Searchable matches calendar also groupable by day or stage +- Graphical visualization of groups and 2° stage +- Support for the conversion of the matches dates and time based on your local timezone and your system format. +- Direct linking for commenting the results into your preferred social network (Facebook, Google+ and Twitter) +- Proxy support (basic and digest authentication method supported) + +I have tested it on my Ubuntu 12.04 LTS system and it works great. I have not experienced any errors or crashes so far. You can easily install this great app on your system by grabbing a copy of it on the [official website][1] and then extract the archive on your favourite destination. Once the archive is extracted, double click on iCup 2014 FREE – Brazil and the app will open. + +iCup is very useful to me, I hope you find it useful too. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.unixmen.com/install-icup-2014-linux/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.e-link.it/icup/brazil2014/icup-brazil-2014-desktop-app.php \ No newline at end of file From 7968a49ef0b16fc0711517a5ff712f8f102795e3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: chunxiao ye Date: Sat, 7 Jun 2014 20:30:31 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 465/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E4=B9=8C=E9=BE=99=E8=8C=B6=E5=8D=A0?= =?UTF-8?q?=E5=9D=91?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- sources/tech/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/sources/tech/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md b/sources/tech/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md index 6f3dafffd3..e11f0c74b1 100644 --- a/sources/tech/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md +++ b/sources/tech/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +乌龙茶 占坑 10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use! ================================================================================ From content management systems to simple tables, databases are a part of every development project nowadays. That is why developers lay so much emphasis on using the right kind of database tools. Here are some that may be of help to you! From 4cc275754b9db7de4db9ce6c38efb3c6a0f38760 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Sat, 7 Jun 2014 20:41:43 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 466/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140607-4=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= =?UTF-8?q?=EF=BC=8C=E5=8F=A6=E4=B8=80=E7=AF=87iCup=E7=9A=84=E6=96=87?= =?UTF-8?q?=E7=AB=A0=EF=BC=8C=E4=BC=BC=E4=B9=8E=E6=AF=94=E5=89=8D=E9=9D=A2?= =?UTF-8?q?=E7=9A=84=E9=82=A3=E4=B8=80=E7=AF=87=E8=A6=81=E5=A5=BD=EF=BC=8C?= =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BA=8C=E9=80=89=E4=B8=80=E7=9A=84=E7=BF=BB=E3=80=82=E5=8F=A6?= =?UTF-8?q?=E7=AC=AC=E4=B8=80=E4=B8=AA=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98=E6=9B=B4=E6=96=B0?= =?UTF-8?q?=E8=AF=B4=E6=98=8E=E6=97=A5=E6=9C=9F=E5=86=99=E9=94=99?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 另第一个选题更新说明日期写错，sorry. --- ... 2014 Competition in Your Linux Desktop.md | 125 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 125 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140607 Cup 2014 Brazil--Watch FIFA World Cup 2014 Competition in Your Linux Desktop.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20140607 Cup 2014 Brazil--Watch FIFA World Cup 2014 Competition in Your Linux Desktop.md b/sources/tech/20140607 Cup 2014 Brazil--Watch FIFA World Cup 2014 Competition in Your Linux Desktop.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e48a027dbd --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140607 Cup 2014 Brazil--Watch FIFA World Cup 2014 Competition in Your Linux Desktop.md @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ +Cup 2014 Brazil: Watch FIFA World Cup 2014 Competition in Your Linux Desktop +================================================================================ +Football is the most played and most watched sports on Earth. The present form of football originated in Britain. Football players run an average of more than six miles during a single match. Over one billion fans watched last world cup football matches on Television. This figure is estimated to rise on an above note, this year. + +Yeah! 2014 FIFA World Cup is going to start from 12th of June and will last on 13th of July. This will be the 20th FIFA World Cup, which is scheduled to be played in Brazil. A total of 32 countries are participating in this event. + +For the fan-boys of football, here we are going to throw light on an application software called “icup 2014 Brazil”, which will update you with latest scores, keep tracks of the match score of your favourite team. Here in this article we will be discussing its features, usages, installation, etc. + +![iCup 2014 Brazil](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Football-World-Cup-2014.jpeg) +iCup 2014 Brazil + +### What is icup 2014 Brazil? ### + +icup 2014 Brazil is an application which is capable of keeping a track of match results of the FIFA world cup 2014 into your Linux desktop, starting shortly. + +### Features of icup 2014 Brazil ### + +- Adaptive User Interface, i.e., auto-resize of user interface. +- Fast Access to Statistics. +- Social Network Sharing Enabled, which extends to Facebook, Twitter and Google+. +- Latest one is – Retina display Support. +- Detailed data with time events and Statistics related to match and Team. +- Audio Kit which comprise of the ‘National-Anthem’ of all the participating countries (32) in high quality effect along with the stadium background sound which makes the whole thing real. +- An inbuilt calendar with the support of time zone for better understanding of events in local time zone, grouping of data and statistics for real time comparison groupable by day or stage, Graphical 2nd stage table, Result and Scores of Teams in real time. +- Proxy support. + +### Platforms and Architecture Supported ### + +The application is designed to run on all major platforms including **Mac**, **Windows** and **Linux**. For the point of Linux, it is important to mention that the application is designed for **x86** processor only. However installing an **x86** application on **x86_64** architecture is possible. We have to tweak a little to make it work **x86_64** systems. + +#### An insight of the Technical Specification on different Platforms #### + +- Live Result, Calendar, Grouping of Data, 2nd stage Table, Social Network Linking and Multi-language support – Available for all supported platform. +- Retina Display – No support in Windows and Linux, however supported in Mac OS. +- Detailed Statistics – Supported in Linux. Donation-ware for Windows and Mac. +- Audio Kit – Supported in Mac and Linux. Unknown for Windows. + +**Important**: As visible in the above specification, some of the features like detailed specification are not available on platform other than Linux, for free. It is just to support Server and Bandwidth cost. For a Linux user, nothing needs to be cared about as far as detailed statistics are concerned, a proud moment. + +### Installing iCup 2014 Brazil in Linux ### + +First go to official [iCup 2014 Brazil download][1] page and download application according to your platform and architecture. + +#### On 32-Bit System #### + + # cd Downloads/ + # tar xvf iCup_2014_FREE-Brazil_1.1_linux.tar.bz2 + # cd iCup\ 2014\ FREE\ -\ Brazil\ 1.1/ + # chmod 755 iCup\ 2014\ FREE\ -\ Brazil + +As I said above, this application is designed for x86 systems only. In order to Install a 32 bit application on 64 bit architecture, we need to prepare our system by installing some packages – **GTK+2** and **libstdc++.so.6**. + +Well not for this Application only, but there are a whole lot of application in Linux which is not supported in 64-bit e.g., **Skype**. We need to build our System to install those applications. + +#### On 64-Bit Systems #### + +Install **GTK+2** and **libstdc++so.6**, using apt or yum command as shown below. + + $ sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-0 libstdc++6 [on Debian based systems] + +If you get any dependency error, run the following command to resolve those dependencies + + $ sudo apt-get -f install + +---------- + + # yum install gtk2 libstdc++ [on RedHat based systems] + +Once all the required packages are installed. Now the System is capable of running 32 bit applications on 64-bit systems, now go the directory where you’ve downloaded ‘**iCup 2014 Brazil**‘ package and run the following commands to install it. + + # cd Downloads/ + # tar xvf iCup_2014_FREE-Brazil_1.1_linux.tar.bz2 + # cd iCup\ 2014\ FREE\ -\ Brazil\ 1.1/ + # chmod 755 iCup\ 2014\ FREE\ -\ Brazil + +Next, move to the directory and double click the executable to start the application. In the below screen-shot you may not get the full information since the FIFA 2014 has not started till now. Although the glimpse of what we can get once the event starts. + +![iCup Brazil 2014](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Football-World-Cup-2014-01-620x437.jpeg) +iCup Brazil 2014 + +No detailed Information : World cup hasn’t started Yet. + +![Match Detailed Information](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Football-World-Cup-2014-02-620x439.jpeg) +Match Detailed Information + +Groups and Teams + +![Groups and Teams](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Football-World-Cup-2014-03-620x439.jpeg) +Groups and Teams + +2nd stage Detailed Information + +![2nd stage Detailed Information](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Football-World-Cup-2014-04-620x438.jpeg) +2nd stage Detailed Information + +Match Details. Seems incomplete now. + +![Match Summary](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Football-World-Cup-2014-05-620x440.jpeg) +Match Summary + +Language Change window and Social share button Integrated. + +![Language Change](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Football-World-Cup-2014-06-620x440.jpeg) +Language Change + +Donation is optional for Linux. You can always contribute. + +![Donation](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Football-World-Cup-2014-07-620x435.jpeg) +Donation + +### Conclusion ### + +The above Application seems promising and may prove to be a boon for those Football fan-wall who can now remain connected. + +That’s all for now. I’ll be here again with another interesting article soon. In that mean keep connected to Tecmint.com. Don’t forget to provide us with your valuable feedback in the comment section below. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.tecmint.com/view-fifa-world-cup-matche-results/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.e-link.it/icup/brazil2014/icup-brazil-2014-desktop-app.php \ No newline at end of file From d731158118243e5e2df621bb9080d62fe7910614 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Sat, 7 Jun 2014 20:59:14 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 467/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140607-5=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...--A Online Cloud Music Player for Linux.md | 108 +++++++++++ ...ns and Answers on Linux Shell Scripting.md | 175 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 283 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140607 Nuvola Player 2.4.0 Released--A Online Cloud Music Player for Linux.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140607 Practical Interview Questions and Answers on Linux Shell Scripting.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20140607 Nuvola Player 2.4.0 Released--A Online Cloud Music Player for Linux.md b/sources/tech/20140607 Nuvola Player 2.4.0 Released--A Online Cloud Music Player for Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..125933403a --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140607 Nuvola Player 2.4.0 Released--A Online Cloud Music Player for Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +Nuvola Player 2.4.0 Released – A Online Cloud Music Player for Linux +================================================================================ +**Nuvola Player** is an open source player that runs cloud music services such as Amazon Cloud Player, Bandcamp, Deezer, 8tracks, Google Play Music, Grooveshark, Hyper Machine and Pandora in its own web interface and provides integration with a Linux desktop. + +This application comes with lots of features in the form of plugins such as desktop notifications, system tray, multimedia keys, media player applets, dock menu, lyrics, last.fm and much more. + +On **May 31st 2014**, A new version of **Nuvola Player 2.4.0** was released – which brings a few new features, including two new services such as Logitech Media Server and This is My Jam with numerous bug fixes. + +### What’s new in this release ### + +- Deleted broken Hide Google+ buttons option, because Google changes the code too regularly. +- Service settings are now applied quickly without reload. +- The pause and toggle play/pause behaviour have been fixed. +- Added a caution about compatibility problems with desktop notifications for Chrome. +- The in-page navigation buttons have been implemented (now users will find buttons in the top bar next to the Google Play logo). +- A new Logitech Media Server and This is My Jam services has been added. +- Included support for back/ forward mouse buttons. +- Fixed support for actionable notification in the GNOME lock screen. + +For a complete list of features, visit at official release [announcement page][1]. + +### Installing Nuvola Player in Debian, Ubuntu and Linux Mint ### + +The official Nuvola Player repository contains binary packages for **Ubuntu 14.04, 13.10, 12.10, 12.04** and **Linux Mint 17, 16, 15, 14.** You can install binary package ‘nuvolaplayer‘ by adding Nuvola Player repository under your system. + +#### On Ubuntu and Linux Mint #### + +Open a terminal and run the following series of commands in the terminal. + + $ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nuvola-player-builders/stable + $ sudo apt-get update + $ sudo apt-get upgrade + $ sudo apt-get install nuvolaplayer + +**Note**: Please don’t skip system updates command ‘sudo apt-get upgrade‘. Otherwise, your apt-get may fail to install Flash plugin. + +If you wish to install Nuvola Player without Flash plugin support, you can skip that system upgrade command and use the following command to install nuvolaplayer without Flash support. + + $ sudo apt-get --no-install-recommends install nuvolaplayer + +#### On Debian #### + +For **Debian Wheezy** and **Debian Sid** the stable Nuvola Player binary packages available from official repository. Using this repository, you can install latest stable version using the following bunch of commands. + +Firstly, Open a terminal and import a public key, and then add the repository to ‘**sources.list**‘ file and then do a system update to install nuvolaplyer as shown below. + +#### Debian Wheezy #### + + $ sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 706C220A + $ sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://ppa.fenryxo.cz/nuvola-player/ wheezy main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list' + $ sudo sh -c 'echo "deb-src http://ppa.fenryxo.cz/nuvola-player/ wheezy main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list' + $ sudo apt-get update + $ sudo apt-get install nuvolaplayer + +#### Debian Sid #### + + $ sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 706C220A + $ sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://ppa.fenryxo.cz/nuvola-player/ sid main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list' + $ sudo sh -c 'echo "deb-src http://ppa.fenryxo.cz/nuvola-player/ sid main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list' + $ sudo apt-get update + $ sudo apt-get install nuvolaplayer + +**Note**: Nuvola Player depend on wrapped Flash plugin, which is not installed by default due to conflicting libraries (**GTK+ 2** and **GTK+ 3**). + +To workaround this problem, we enable component flash **PPA** to install package ‘**nuvolaplayer-flashplugin**‘ using the following commands. + + $ sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://ppa.fenryxo.cz/nuvola-player/ sid main beta flash" >> /etc/apt/sources.list' + $ sudo sh -c 'echo "deb-src http://ppa.fenryxo.cz/nuvola-player/ sid main beta flash" >> /etc/apt/sources.list' + $ apt-get update + $ apt-get install nuvolaplayer-flashplugin + +Once you done with the installation, you will find the application in **Menu** to launch it. Keep in mind, you must have internet connection in order to listen music online. + +### Nuvola Player Screen Shots ### + +![Nuvola Player Services](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Nuvola-Player.jpeg) +Select Music Services + +![Grooveshark Music Service](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Nuvola-Player-01.jpeg) +Grooveshark Music Service + +![Grooveshark Playing Music](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Nuvola-Player-02.jpeg) +Grooveshark Playing Music + +![Nuvola Player Preferences](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Nuvola-Player-03.jpeg) +Nuvola Player Preferences + +![Google Play Music](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Nuvola-Player-05.jpeg) +Google Play Music + +![Rdio Music Service](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Nuvola-Player-06.jpeg) +Rdio Music Service + +![About Nuvola Player](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Nuvola-Player-04.jpeg) +About Nuvola Player + +For other Linux distributions, you can download source tarball packages at Nuvola Player [launchpad downloads][2] page. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.tecmint.com/install-nuvola-player-in-linux/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://nuvolaplayer.fenryxo.cz/releases/2.4.html +[2]:https://launchpad.net/nuvola-player/+download \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/20140607 Practical Interview Questions and Answers on Linux Shell Scripting.md b/sources/tech/20140607 Practical Interview Questions and Answers on Linux Shell Scripting.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e166b05271 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140607 Practical Interview Questions and Answers on Linux Shell Scripting.md @@ -0,0 +1,175 @@ +Practical Interview Questions and Answers on Linux Shell Scripting +================================================================================ +With the overwhelming response we are getting on the Interview Series articles, the first of its kind on any Linux How-to website in the form of Likes, Feedbacks in comment as well as on personal Email Address make us going from one article to the next article. + +Here is the link to the [Interview Series][1] articles already published on Tecmint.com, where we have covered lots of topics viz., FTP, MySQL, Apache, Scripting, Linux Commands, etc. + +![Practical Interview Question on Shell Scripting](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Interview-Questions-on-Shell-Scripting.png) +Practical Interview Question on Shell Scripting + +Continuing to the above series here we are coming with another 5 wonderful Linux Interview Questions and their answer. Your (The Tecmint.com Readers and frequent Visitors) support is always needed to make it successful. + +### 1. Write a shell script to get current date, time, user name and current working directory. ### + +> **Answer** : The commands logname, date, who I am and pwd will output username, current date and time, and current working directory. Just implementing these commands in the script and making it a bit interactive. + +Now create a file called ‘**userstats.sh**‘ and add the following code to it. + + #!/bin/bash + echo "Hello, $LOGNAME" + echo "Current date is `date`" + echo "User is `who i am`" + echo "Current directory `pwd`" + +Place execute permission and run the script as shown below. + + # chmod 755 userstats.sh + # ./userstats.sh + +#### Sample Output #### + + Hello, avi + Current date is Sat Jun 7 13:05:29 IST 2014 + User is avi pts/0 2014-06-07 11:59 (:0) + Current directory /home/avi/Desktop + +### 2. Write a Shell Script that adds two numbers if provided as the command Line Argument and if the two numbers are not entered it outputs an Error Message along with a one-Line of how-to use description. ### + +> **Answer** : Here is the simple Shell Script along with description which adds two number if provided as Command-Line argument, if not it throws error with single line on how to use the script. + +Again create a file called ‘**two-numbers.sh**‘ and add the following content to it. + + #!/bin/bash + # The Shebang + + if [ $# -ne 2 ] + # If two Inputs are not received from Standard Input + + then + # then execute the below statements + + echo "Usage - $0 x y" + # print on standard output, how-to use the script (Usage - ./1.sh x y ) + + echo " Where x and y are two nos for which I will print sum" + # print on standard output, “Where x and y are two nos for which I will print sum ” + + exit 1 + # Leave shell in Error Stage and before the task was successfully carried out. + + fi + # End of the if Statement. + + echo "Sum of $1 and $2 is `expr $1 + $2`" + # If the above condition was false and user Entered two numbers as a command Line Argument, + it will show the sum of the entered numbers. + +Set executer permission on the file and run the script as shown below. + + # chmod 755 two-numbers.sh + +**Condition 1**: Running the script without entering two numbers as command line argument, you will get the following output. + +#### Sample Output #### + + # ./two-numbers.sh + + Usage - ./two-numbers.sh x y + Where x and y are two nos for which I will print sum + +**Condition 2**: When Numbers are entered as command line argument you will get the result as shown. + + $ ./two-numbers.sh 4 5 + + Sum of 4 and 5 is 9 + +Hence the above shell script fulfills the condition as suggested in the question. + +### 3. You needs to print a given Number say 10572, in reverse order using a Shell script such that the input is provided using command Line Argument only. If the input data is not provided as Command Line Argument, it should throw and error and should suggest, how to use the script. Write the script but before that tell me the algorithm that needs to be implemented here. ### + +#### Algorithm #### + +1. Let the Input Number = n +1. Set rev=0, sd=0 (Reverse and single digitis set to 0) +1. n % 10, will find and give single left most digit +1. reverse number is generated as rev * 10 + sd +1. Decrease Input Number (n) by 1. +1. if n > 0, then goto step 3 else goto setp 7 +1. Print rev + +Now again, create a file called ‘**numbers.sh**‘ and add the following given code it. + + #!/bin/bash + if [ $# -ne 1 ] + then + echo "Usage: $0 number" + echo " I will find reverse of given number" + echo " For eg. $0 0123, I will print 3210" + exit 1 + fi + + n=$1 + rev=0 + sd=0 + + while [ $n -gt 0 ] + do + sd=`expr $n % 10` + rev=`expr $rev \* 10 + $sd` + n=`expr $n / 10` + done + echo "Reverse number is $rev" + +Grant a execute permission on the file and run the script as shown below. + + # chmod 755 numbers.h + +**Condition 1**: When Input is not provided as command line argument, you will get the following output. + +#### Sample Output #### + + ./numbers.sh + + Usage: ./numbers.sh number + I will find reverse of given number + For eg. ./2.sh 123, I will print 321 + +**Condition 2**: When Input was provided as command line Argument. + + $ ./numbers.sh 10572 + + Reverse number is 27501 + +The above script worked perfectly and the output was just what we needed. + +### 4. You are supposed to calculate a real number calculation directly from terminal and not any shell script. What will you do (say the real numbers are 7.56 and 2.453)? ### + +> **Answer** : We need to use bc command in a special way as described below. The output of echo 7.56 + 2.453 should be pipelined to bc. + +For example, run the following command to calculate numbers in real time using bc command as shown. + + $ echo 7.56 + 2.453 | bc + + 10.013 + +### 5. You are supposed to find the value of pi upto 100 places of decimal, what is the easiest way to get the result done. ### + +> **Answer** : The easiest way to find the value of pi, correct upto 100 places of decimal we just need to issue the below command. + + # pi 100 + + 3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307816406286208998628034825342117067 + +Obviously! We must have package ‘**pi**‘ installed. Just do a **apt** or **yum** to get a required package to install ‘**pi**‘ onto the distribution you are using. + +That’s all for now. I’ll be here again with another interesting article very soon. Till then stay tuned and connected to Tecmint.com. Don’t forget to provide us with you valuable feedback in the comment section below. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.tecmint.com/practical-interview-questions-on-linux-shell-scripting/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/category/interview-questions/ \ No newline at end of file From 82fd3503e0f8bb15983277fd17d502d17215707b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Sat, 7 Jun 2014 21:09:11 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 468/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140607-6=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...0140607 Got Linux--Add Proprietary Code.md | 112 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 112 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/20140607 Got Linux--Add Proprietary Code.md diff --git a/sources/talk/20140607 Got Linux--Add Proprietary Code.md b/sources/talk/20140607 Got Linux--Add Proprietary Code.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..df1bac5757 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20140607 Got Linux--Add Proprietary Code.md @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +Got Linux? Add Proprietary Code +================================================================================ +![](http://www.linuxinsider.com/images/rw661226/linux-enterprise-proprietary-code.jpg) + +> For some industries, running proprietary software on an open source Linux distro is not the exception -- it's the rule of thumb. Take, for example, the Wall Street crowd. "Ninety-nine percent of the applications on Wall Street depend on proprietary products. We are much like Oracle in that our product runs on Linux but has a proprietary license," said FSMLabs' President Victor Yodaiken. + +Migrating to the Linux platform is not an either/or proposition. Linux as a computing platform is so flexible that it offers users a have-it-your-way menu of software options. + +One option is the Linux desktop. Individual users in home computing, SOHO and SMB operations can choose from a variety of enterprise-class Linux distributions. The Linux desktop OS offers a no-cost or low-cost alternative to the frustrations of Microsoft Windows or the limitations of Apple's Unix-based OS X platform for its relatively costly Mac hardware. + +Another migration path is to forgo acclimating office staff to the Linux desktop. Instead, enterprises can opt to run their back-office and server operations on a Linux server. Linux servers have a rigorous giant footprint in the networking and cloud computing worlds. Linux servers are commonplace in many other enterprise settings. + +A third migration choice is to run a full Linux shop. Standard office computing software is readily available in open source packages for office suites, Web browsing and graphic production tasks. Open source database applications connect famously with back-end software and servers. Plus, Linux does not need hardware-specific buy-in requirements. + +Staff training to use the Linux desktop applications often is needed only in small amounts. Thanks to workers' familiarity with cross-platform software such as LibreOffice and OpenOffice productivity suites, as well as Google Chrome and Firefox Web browsers, front-office communications rarely miss a beat. + +Linux is flexible. A new trend is to create third-party proprietary software to suit your own enterprise needs. Commercial software firms can recompile must-have Windows or any other platform's software. They also can create task-specific Linux applications that combine off-the-shelf open source components with their own proprietary code. + +"I believe this is becoming a new trend. Enterprises are using third-party proprietary software developed to work on the Linux OS. One of the factors pushing enterprises into migrating to Linux with custom-made software is the financial burden of continuing to pay Microsoft licensing fees," Dayan Jeremiah, CEO of [Icewarp Pacific][1], told LinuxInsider. + +### Linux Does Proprietary ### + +One of the biggest hurdles a company faces in migrating to any operating system is overseeing application compatibility. In the case of moving into Linux, an enterprise has to make sure that whatever software it uses is compatible with the Linux OS, noted Jeremiah. + +The Linux OS has an arsenal of software that runs across the numerous distributions and Linux desktop environments. Depending on the industry involved, the vast open source community may not have a specific replacement for every specialized computing task. In that case, it is often cost-effective to roll your own with the help of a third-party software developer. + +"Using a third-party software vendor helps to ensure this compatibility. For example, we are able to mix and match the software components together so that the application works on Linux," said Jeremiah. + +### An Old Model Made New ### + +A growing number of proprietary software firms, such as Icewarp, build specialized software to meet an enterprise's specific computing needs. They use many open source components in the mix. + +The savings, compared to staying with the Microsoft infrastructure, involve not only licensing costs, but also reduced coding costs. + +"We can build an entire software solution using readily available components for Linux. This entire solution is generally much more cost-effective, efficient and stable across the board," Jeremiah noted. + +Icewarp does not develop the specialized software as free open source projects. It does not provide free versions and charge a fee for support. You order it and pay for it. + +### Porting Code Can Be Chaotic ### + +One hurdle in making software ported from another computing platform compatible with the Linux OS is the vast majority of Linux flavors, according to Jacob Loveless, CEO of [Lucera][2]. The Linux OS has a common kernel, but it has a lot of flavors. + +"The problem develops when software companies have to cross-compile for multiple Linux systems," Loveless told LinuxInsider. "With the exception of Microsoft Exchange Server, most databases run exceptionally well on Linux. MySQL and PostSQL are probably to two most prominent open source versions." + +The majority of the hurdles in porting software to Linux require recompiling the code. Usually there are platform-specific things you have to do to make it work, he said. + +For example, if you have proprietary code bases written in .Net or other languages for Windows, the open source compiler that runs on Linux is not always compatible. So you have a lot of application work you have to redo, Loveless explained. + +Another example involves using databases. You often have to port to a different database and a different Web server. + +"There is definitely work there," said Loveless. + +### A Lot Is Not Enough ### + +Another compatibility issue in migrating to Linux is the type of open source software a company needs. + +"There are not enough open source solutions for all of the specialized enterprise needs," maintained IceWarp's Jeremiah, "but whatever is available for Linux in general, we feel is sufficient. What is not provided by the communities for specialized business applications can be built by third-party software firms." + +For example, IceWarp recently built a specialized Linux-compatible application that required no additional hardware purchase and no additional licensing fees. + +The specialized software included a clustered set of load balancers, a cluster of database servers and a cluster set of IP servers. All of it runs on a standard Red Hat Enterprise Linux or CentOS Linux distro. + +### Follow the Money ### + +In some cases, you can follow the money trail to the Linux OS. Sometimes it is the Linux server that has heavily populated an industry. Other times it is a particular Linux desktop application -- or it could be both. + +Take, for example, the Wall Street crowd. In financial markets, time synchronization becomes critical. The financial networks rely on distributive networks where users have to work with time locks to complete transactions. Other applications require very precise timing before a transaction can be executed. These are functions that require precise time synchronization controls, explained Victor Yodaiken, president of [FSMLabs][3]. + +When FSMLabs started developing its TimeKeeper time synchronization software, Yodaiken expected there soon would be a need to develop a Windows version. + +However, "it turned out that everybody who is doing automated trading or low-latency trading or even collecting data at high precision is running Linux in this market," he told LinuxInsider. + +### Time Is Costly ### + +FSMLabs uses proprietary code that runs on Linux. The Network Time Protocol built into Linux does not adequately synchronize time into nanoseconds for software that tracks stock and trade transactions. Windows falls short for another reason. + +"I think Linux's popularity over Windows is that Windows does not have a standard API which lets you get time below a millisecond. So Windows does not really do you any good. You have to have specialized APIs. With Linux, you do not have to screw around with your application program," Yodaiken said. + +The financial markets were one of the first to embrace Linux. Many of the early systems managers came up from [Bell Labs][4] in the 1980s, so it is a very established market, he added. + +### Filling a Need ### + +For some industries, running proprietary software on an open source Linux distro is not the exception -- it's the rule of thumb. + +"Ninety-nine percent of the applications on Wall Street depend on proprietary products. We are much like Oracle in that our product runs on Linux but has a proprietary license," said FSMLabs' Yodaiken. + +Some markets that run Linux need more specialized software than what's available as open source products. Existing open source software just does not meet their requirements. That is why software developers provide commercial offerings for enterprise Linux operations, he added. + +"That is pretty common. Open source is really best suited for big markets. That is why it has wide, general requirements. Not too many people would have to have a one microsecond correct time all the time -- and alarms if they can't get it," he pointed out. + +### Linux Purism Is Pointless ### + +The concept of maintaining a totally free open source software infrastructure on the Linux OS may fall short when it comes to running specialized software. That reality holds true for any specialized business. + +When a specialized computing need does not impact a wide user market, a third-party software developer can provide a proprietary, commercial or closed source software solution. Call it what you will. Open source purity might become a thing of the past as businesses continue to adopt the Linux OS. + +"Having commercial software prominent on the Linux OS is fairly common," said Yodaiken. "People in business are not purists. They just want to solve problems." + +Jack M. Germain has been writing about computer technology since the early days of the Apple II and the PC. He still has his original IBM PC-Jr and a few other legacy DOS and Windows boxes. He left shareware programs behind for the open source world of the Linux desktop. He runs several versions of Windows and Linux OSes and often cannot decide whether to grab his tablet, netbook or Android smartphone instead of using his desktop or laptop gear. You can connect with him on Google+. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/80555.html + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.icewarp.com/ +[2]:https://lucerahq.com +[3]:http://www.fsmlabs.com/ +[4]:http://www.bell-labs.com/ \ No newline at end of file From 80a6a9f6c3233db0b4a68137229f1d9fff166c4f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Sat, 7 Jun 2014 21:33:36 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 469/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140607-7=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md | 21 ++++ ...elete All Files In Directory Except Few.md | 110 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 131 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/20140607 Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140607 Linux--Bash Delete All Files In Directory Except Few.md diff --git a/sources/news/20140607 Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md b/sources/news/20140607 Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1e21fa6192 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20140607 Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games +================================================================================ +![](http://www.gamingonlinux.com/uploads/articles/article_images/1401998399steam.png) + +That is one heck of a milestone isn't it? 500 Linux compatible games are now on Steam which is a pretty great number to point anyone at. No longer will people keep stating "but Linux has no games", but sadly they will say Linux has very little AAA games which is true, but this will be a gradual build up of course. + +I keep saying this, but I still never thought we would make it to a day like this. We have XCOM, Civilization and many more still to come with some surprise announcements later this year I've no doubt. + +Once the Steam Machines/SteamOS are released, and if they are successful we should see the number rise even quicker. + +So, how long before we hit 1000? End of the year maybe, who knows! + +I will go get my party hat now...are you celebrating this milestone? + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.gamingonlinux.com/articles/steam-hits-the-big-500-for-linux-games.3849 + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/20140607 Linux--Bash Delete All Files In Directory Except Few.md b/sources/tech/20140607 Linux--Bash Delete All Files In Directory Except Few.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..993ed17495 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140607 Linux--Bash Delete All Files In Directory Except Few.md @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ +Linux: Bash Delete All Files In Directory Except Few +================================================================================ +![](http://s0.cyberciti.org/images/category/old/terminal.png) + +I'm a new Linux system user. I need to cleanup in a download directory i.e. delete all files from ~/Downloads/ folders except the following types: + +*.iso - All iso images files. +*.zip - All zip files. + +How do I delete all file except some in bash shell on a Linux, OS X or Unix-like systems? + +Bash shell supports rich file pattern matching such as follows: + +- * - Match any files. +- ? - Matches any single character in filenames. +- [...] - Matches any one of the enclosed characters. + +### Method #1: Say hello to extended pattern matching operators ### + +You need to use the extglob shell option using the shopt builtin command to use extended pattern matching operators such as: + +1. ?(pattern-list) - Matches zero or one occurrence of the given patterns. +1. *(pattern-list) - Matches zero or more occurrences of the given patterns. +1. +(pattern-list) - Matches one or more occurrences of the given patterns. +1. @(pattern-list) - Matches one of the given patterns. +1. !(pattern-list) - Matches anything except one of the given patterns. + +A pattern-list is nothing but a list of one or more patterns (filename) separated by a |. First, turn on extglob option: + + shopt -s extglob + +#### Bash remove all files except *.zip and *.iso files #### + +The rm command syntax is: + + ## Delete all file except file1 ## + rm !(file1) + + ## Delete all file except file1 and file2 ## + rm !(file1|file2) + + ## Delete all file except all zip files ## + rm !(*.zip) + + ## Delete all file except all zip and iso files ## + rm !(*.zip|*.iso) + + ## You set full path too ## + rm /Users/vivek/!(*.zip|*.iso|*.mp3) + + ## Pass options ## + rm [options] !(*.zip|*.iso) + rm -v !(*.zip|*.iso) + rm -f !(*.zip|*.iso) + rm -v -i !(*.php) + +Finally, turn off extglob option: + + shopt -u extglob + +### Method #2: Using bash GLOBIGNORE variable to remove all files except specific ones ### + +From the [bash(1)][1] page: + +> A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames to be ignored by pathname expansion. If a filename matched by a pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in GLOBIGNORE, it is removed from the list of matches. + +To delete all files except zip and iso files, set GLOBIGNORE as follows: + + ## only works with BASH ## + cd ~/Downloads/ + GLOBIGNORE=*.zip:*.iso + rm -v * + unset GLOBIGNORE + +### Method #3: Find command to rm all files except zip and iso files ### + +If you are using tcsh/csh/sh/ksh or any other shell, try the following find command syntax on a Unix-like system to delete files: + + find /dir/ -type f -not -name 'PATTERN' -delete + +OR + + ## deals with weird file names using xargs ## + find /dir/ -type f -not -name 'PATTERN' -print0 | xargs -0 -I {} rm {} + find /dir/ -type f -not -name 'PATTERN' -print0 | xargs -0 -I {} rm [options] {} + +To delete all files except php files in ~/sources/ directory, type: + + find ~/sources/ -type f -not -name '*.php' -delete + +OR + + find ~/sources/ -type f -not -name '*.php' -print0 | xargs -0 -I {} rm -v {} + +The syntax to delete all files except *.zip and *.iso is as follows: + + find . -type f -not \( -name '*zip' -or -name '*iso' \) -delete + +For more information see [bash command man page][1] and [find command man page][2]. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-bash-delete-all-files-in-directory-except-few/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.manpager.com/linux/man1/bash.1.html +[2]:http://www.manpager.com/linux/man1/find.1.html \ No newline at end of file From 12fa8ab761ef9a359d6479584ff1db325f4634b1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Sat, 7 Jun 2014 21:41:17 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 470/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140607-8=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...rtbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md | 58 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 58 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/20140607 New OpenSSL breach is no Heartbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md diff --git a/sources/talk/20140607 New OpenSSL breach is no Heartbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md b/sources/talk/20140607 New OpenSSL breach is no Heartbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fd6154d5df --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20140607 New OpenSSL breach is no Heartbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +New OpenSSL breach is no Heartbleed, but needs to be taken seriously +================================================================================ +> Summary: While the newest OpenSSL security problems are troubling, and you should address it, it's nothing as bad as Heartbleed. + +It's been a bad week for open-source Secure Socket Layer (SSL) programs. + +First, the obscure, [GnuTLS was revealed to have a trivial][1] but damning flaw. Then, the massively popular OpenSSL was found to have [a man-in-the-middle vulnerability][2]. After the [Heartbleed fiasco][3], OpenSSL needed this like a hole in the head. + +![](http://cdn-static.zdnet.com/i/r/story/70/00/030273/openssl-200x55.png?hash=MwyxMwt0MJ&upscale=1) + +This vulnerability, according to Adam Langley, a senior staff software engineer at Google, has been [around for at least 15 years][4]. It's a pity the Core Infrastructure Initiative (CII) [riding to OpenSSL's rescue with more developer funding][5] didn't happen any sooner than it did. + +That said, this bug is still is nowhere near as bad as Heartbleed. For starters, an attacker needs to be running a system between the web browser or other SSL-enabled client program to make use of the security hole. + +Be that as it may, you still need to address it by upgrading as soon as possible. As Chris Camejo, Director of Assessment Services for [NTT Com Security][6] said in an e-mail interview, "It's bad because it has been around for a long time and looks to be fairly widespread." + +He added: "If exploited it would allow the attacker to decrypt traffic. This is serious given that the whole point of SSL is to encrypt traffic and it is widely used to protect passwords, credit card numbers, and all other manner of sensitive transactions that happen on web sites as well as certain email connections." + +In a separate interview, Mark Cox, Red Hat's senior director of product security, [went into deeper detail][7]. Cox said, OpenSSL has fixed a number of security flaws, but given the Heartbleed episode we needed to find a way to tell people not to panic. + +Cox explained that Heartbleed had been patched before it was revealed but news of the exploit spread before news of the patches, hence so much of the upset around it. In this latest case, there have been seven security issues patched but only two of them need concern administrators and users. + +The first, Cox continued, is the Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) bug. There is no known exploit of it at this time, but there is the potential for a successful attack against it. + +Therefore, while DTLS is not widely used, if you do use it, it should be patched as soon as possible. + +Cox then said the "real meat of the issue is the man-in-the-middle attack." Even here, for this work, someone really must be "in the middle" between a vulnerable server and client to make use of the hole. + +But if someone can do this, they could "bypass SSL and get to the raw data... This is quite a serious issue." + +Still, with Heartbleed anyone could theoretically exploit vulnerable SSL servers. To attack using this hole would require network access to the traffic between the client and server. For example, a successful attack might be made with a fake coffee house Wi-Fi access point being used to connect the Android version of the Chrome Web browser and an unpatched Web server. Fortunately, Google has [already released an updated version of this browser][8], 35.0.1916.141, to eliminate this problem. + +The most vulnerable systems, according to Cox, are unpatched Android devices using a bogus Wi-Fi hot spot. Morrell added that since Android users are at the mercy of their phone vendors and telcos for security updates they may be stuck with vulnerabilities for quite a long time. + +Fortunately, if the servers they connect with have been updated, they still can't be attacked. + +The OpenSSL security community has known about this problem since early May. The group, working with Red Hat, other major Linux and open-source groups, and hardware vendors, went to a great deal of trouble to not simply patch the bug but to take the next steps of testing the repair, so that they could be as certain (as anyone can ever be in security) that it would fix the hole, but also not introduce any new security problems, and work with most combinations of OpenSSL servers and clients. + +Now that the patch is out there, OpenSSL is trying to get the solid facts, as well as the patch, out to people so there won't be any undue panic over these problems. Cox added that the major Linux vendors, such as Red Hat and Ubuntu, already have the patches available. + +All server administrators need do is to download and install them and instead of a security crisis this will prove to be business as usual. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.zdnet.com/new-openssl-breech-is-no-heartbleed-but-needs-to-be-taken-seriously-7000030273/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.zdnet.com/another-serious-gnutls-bug-exposes-linux-clients-to-server-attacks-7000030205 +[2]:http://www.zdnet.com/openssl-fixes-another-severe-vulnerability-7000030253/ +[3]:http://www.zdnet.com/heartbleed-serious-openssl-zero-day-vulnerability-revealed-7000028166 +[4]:https://www.imperialviolet.org/2014/06/05/earlyccs.html +[5]:http://www.zdnet.com/corporations-put-their-cash-where-their-open-source-security-is-7000030023/ +[6]:http://www.nttcomsecurity.com/us/ +[7]:http://ec.libsyn.com/p/6/a/5/6a58036510bae37c/CloudEvangelistPodcast_Ep92_MarkCox.mp3?d13a76d516d9dec20c3d276ce028ed5089ab1ce3dae902ea1d06c88537d1ce596fdc&c_id=7251647) +[8]:http://googlechromereleases.blogspot.com/2014/06/chrome-for-android-update.html \ No newline at end of file From 69327469a768d481596e6dc9ebf12dfb6259c772 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Sat, 7 Jun 2014 22:13:14 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 471/601] alim0x translating --- .../news/20140607 Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/20140607 Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md b/sources/news/20140607 Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md index 1e21fa6192..16ddb365d1 100644 --- a/sources/news/20140607 Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md +++ b/sources/news/20140607 Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +alim0x translating + Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games ================================================================================ ![](http://www.gamingonlinux.com/uploads/articles/article_images/1401998399steam.png) @@ -18,4 +20,4 @@ via: http://www.gamingonlinux.com/articles/steam-hits-the-big-500-for-linux-game 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 9d1d5c119b87532ace9e9eef0c99f330ef08443a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Sat, 7 Jun 2014 22:14:14 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 472/601] alim0x translating --- sources/news/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md b/sources/news/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md index 0314cd303d..193a398a78 100644 --- a/sources/news/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md +++ b/sources/news/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +alim0x translating + Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down ================================================================================ **Ubuntu One is now formally in shut-down. You have until July 31 to grab your files or they will be lost forever. ** @@ -40,4 +42,4 @@ via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/06/ubuntu-one-discontinued-grab-files-now [1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/canonical-axe-ubuntu-one-file-music-services-grab-data-now [2]:http://mover.io/ [3]:http://support.mover.io/knowledgebase/articles/346927-how-to-transfer-from-ubuntu-one-to-google-drive -[4]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/three-alternatives-ubuntu-one \ No newline at end of file +[4]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/three-alternatives-ubuntu-one From 92996c32ba38821eeb96d61d4ed06558f8b711d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Sat, 7 Jun 2014 22:18:51 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 473/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8E=BB=E6=8E=89=E4=BA=86?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- sources/news/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md | 2 -- 1 file changed, 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/news/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md b/sources/news/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md index 193a398a78..36c2755d63 100644 --- a/sources/news/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md +++ b/sources/news/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -alim0x translating - Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down ================================================================================ **Ubuntu One is now formally in shut-down. You have until July 31 to grab your files or they will be lost forever. ** From 53c4426f65dcd68c5caed91f50f7988e2edb989b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Linchenguang <1573453077@qq.com> Date: Sat, 7 Jun 2014 22:21:07 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 474/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E3=80=90=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E4=B8=AD?= =?UTF-8?q?=E3=80=91Linux:=20Bash=20Delete=20All=20Files=20In=20Directory?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Except=20Few?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...07 Linux--Bash Delete All Files In Directory Except Few.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140607 Linux--Bash Delete All Files In Directory Except Few.md b/sources/tech/20140607 Linux--Bash Delete All Files In Directory Except Few.md index 993ed17495..54a66f6d9f 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140607 Linux--Bash Delete All Files In Directory Except Few.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140607 Linux--Bash Delete All Files In Directory Except Few.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +>> chenguang is translating + Linux: Bash Delete All Files In Directory Except Few ================================================================================ ![](http://s0.cyberciti.org/images/category/old/terminal.png) @@ -107,4 +109,4 @@ via: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-bash-delete-all-files-in-directory-excep 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [1]:http://www.manpager.com/linux/man1/bash.1.html -[2]:http://www.manpager.com/linux/man1/find.1.html \ No newline at end of file +[2]:http://www.manpager.com/linux/man1/find.1.html From 13aba815c3cfb243a22823b8b5011cf5c31a5de0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Sat, 7 Jun 2014 22:24:00 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 475/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8E=BB=E6=8E=89=E4=BA=86?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md | 2 -- 1 file changed, 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md b/sources/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md index 615132bfe8..84b7f8b695 100644 --- a/sources/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md +++ b/sources/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -alim0x translating - Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI ================================================================================ ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Dual_Boot_Windows8_Ubuntu_1404.jpeg) From dae7c4e43d6a6407a88e0f77093aa73bd3ecf811 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: recNeps Date: Sat, 7 Jun 2014 22:24:47 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 476/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8D=A0=E5=9D=91=EF=BC=8CMake=20vim?= =?UTF-8?q?=20IDE?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- sources/talk/20140607 How to turn Vim into a full-fledged IDE.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/sources/talk/20140607 How to turn Vim into a full-fledged IDE.md b/sources/talk/20140607 How to turn Vim into a full-fledged IDE.md index 105457c4cc..b1a34f93c3 100644 --- a/sources/talk/20140607 How to turn Vim into a full-fledged IDE.md +++ b/sources/talk/20140607 How to turn Vim into a full-fledged IDE.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +CNprober 翻译中... How to turn Vim into a full-fledged IDE ================================================================================ If you code a little, you know how handy an Integrated Development Environment (IE) can be. Java, C, Python, they all become a lot more accessible when the IDE software is checking the syntax for you, compiling in the background, or importing the libraries you need. On the other hand, if you are on Linux, you might also know how handy Vim can be when it comes to text editing. So naturally, you would like to get all the features of an IDE from Vim. From ba69e0c265329c75930426ad75cc89a6d13ac753 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: linuhap Date: Sat, 7 Jun 2014 22:51:03 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 477/601] translating --- .../20140607 How To Extract Images From Videos Using ffmpeg.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140607 How To Extract Images From Videos Using ffmpeg.md b/sources/tech/20140607 How To Extract Images From Videos Using ffmpeg.md index e9aa29366e..97cd0131ba 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140607 How To Extract Images From Videos Using ffmpeg.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140607 How To Extract Images From Videos Using ffmpeg.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +linuhap翻译中 How To Extract Images From Videos Using ffmpeg ================================================================================ Hi unixmen readers, @@ -69,4 +70,4 @@ via: http://www.unixmen.com/extract-images-videos-using-ffmpeg/ 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 19adf86ac6e6018b40a4ed43227c12ca04499193 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: limox Date: Sat, 7 Jun 2014 23:07:31 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 478/601] translated --- ... Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md | 23 ------------------- ... Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md | 21 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/20140607 Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md create mode 100644 translated/news/20140607 Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md diff --git a/sources/news/20140607 Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md b/sources/news/20140607 Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md deleted file mode 100644 index 16ddb365d1..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20140607 Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -alim0x translating - -Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games -================================================================================ -![](http://www.gamingonlinux.com/uploads/articles/article_images/1401998399steam.png) - -That is one heck of a milestone isn't it? 500 Linux compatible games are now on Steam which is a pretty great number to point anyone at. No longer will people keep stating "but Linux has no games", but sadly they will say Linux has very little AAA games which is true, but this will be a gradual build up of course. - -I keep saying this, but I still never thought we would make it to a day like this. We have XCOM, Civilization and many more still to come with some surprise announcements later this year I've no doubt. - -Once the Steam Machines/SteamOS are released, and if they are successful we should see the number rise even quicker. - -So, how long before we hit 1000? End of the year maybe, who knows! - -I will go get my party hat now...are you celebrating this milestone? - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.gamingonlinux.com/articles/steam-hits-the-big-500-for-linux-games.3849 - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 diff --git a/translated/news/20140607 Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md b/translated/news/20140607 Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f1bb08b330 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/20140607 Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +Steam平台Linux游戏突破500大关 +================================================================================ +![](http://www.gamingonlinux.com/uploads/articles/article_images/1401998399steam.png) + +这是一个很棒的里程碑不是吗？Steam上现在已经有500个（截至6.7已有509个）兼容Linux的游戏了，对任何人而言这都着实是个巨大的数目。人们将不再一直说着“可是Linux上没有游戏”，但令人悲伤的是他们会说Linux上几乎没有AAA级的游戏大作（这确实是事实），但这会是一个循序渐进建立起（译注：游戏生态）的过程。 + +我一直在说这个（译注：Linux游戏会增多的）， 但我仍从没想过我们会有一天像这样实现它。我毫不怀疑今年晚些时候我们能够有XCOM，Civilization（译注：文明）以及更多即将到来游戏令人惊喜的发布消息。 + +一旦Steam Machines/SteamOS发布，如果它们获得了成功我们应该可以看到Linux平台游戏数目甚至上升得更快。 + +所以，（Steam上的支持Linux平台的）游戏数目达到1000还要多久？也许是今年末，谁知道呢！ + +我现在要去拿我的派对帽了...你也要庆祝这个里程碑吗？ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.gamingonlinux.com/articles/steam-hits-the-big-500-for-linux-games.3849 + +译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 42ed32869f740d12366e10df79a9120b463ce442 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sun, 8 Jun 2014 00:04:06 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 479/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AWhat=20Heart?= =?UTF-8?q?bleed=20Teaches=20Us--Be=20An=20Open=20Source=20Contributor,=20?= =?UTF-8?q?Not=20Just=20A=20User?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @geekpi 明天发布 --- ...pen Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md | 66 +++++++++++++++++++ ...pen Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md | 66 ------------------- 2 files changed, 66 insertions(+), 66 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/What Heartbleed Teaches Us--Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md delete mode 100644 translated/talk/What Heartbleed Teaches Us--Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md diff --git a/published/What Heartbleed Teaches Us--Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md b/published/What Heartbleed Teaches Us--Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..20555f7924 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/What Heartbleed Teaches Us--Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +心脏流血教给我们的:成为开源的贡献者而不仅是个用户 +================================================================================ +![](http://readwrite.com/files/styles/1400_0/public/fields/heart-shaped-hole-heartbleed.jpg) + +> 如果你的公司依赖像OpenSSL这样的开源软件，是时候主动点了。 + +心脏流血漏洞让开源社区如芒在背。 + +ComputerWorld的Richi Jennings [抨击说][1]“又一个非常可怕的开源失败。”（他是要做标题党么？）ZDNet的Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols不像是作秀反开源，却仍旧将心脏流血漏洞[渲染为][2]“开源软件的最遭时刻”。而最后，ZDNet的Chris Duckett则务实地[倡议][3]：“商业公司（应该）筹集资金来避免心脏流血再次发生。” + +而实际上，企业资金并不是解决心脏流血事件的最终答案 。你才是！ + +想要避免开源失败的公司应该不仅仅是开源软件的用户，还要是贡献者。 + +### 贡献者乘坐头等舱 ### + +贡献者能够引导特定的项目。他们占据主动，而不是被动接受。大多数企业缺乏资源参与他们所使用的所有开源项目，但每家公司都可以资助给那些真正关系到他们的项目。并且资助得越多，得到的好处越大。 + +开源就是一个不断给予的礼物，尤其是给予那些对开源反哺的人们。 + +我在MongoDB的同事[Adam Comerford让这点更有说服力][4]：如果你看看第一批得知Heartbleed漏洞的[时间线] [5]，那些第一批得知的（如谷歌）有一个相当大的优势。如Comford所说的，这些公司有一个显著的优势就是他们可以在bug还未大规模传开的时候率先采取措施保护他们的系统。 + + +鉴于早期了解像Heartbleed之类问题的优势，Comerford问：“我如何确保我在这类问题的早期通知列表里面？” + + +如果你依赖于专有软件，你有一个答案：向卖方支付大量的金钱，并希望他适时地响应。但是，如果你正在使用开源软件，有一个更多选择： “要么有大量的员工给[开源项目]做贡献 ，或者...有认识主要贡献者的员工（我们可以找找，他们大多也会贡献其他开源软件项目，像其他的极客和呆瓜一样。“ + +Comerford断言说，好处不止这样： + +> 这有很多好处 - 除了让问题及早通知，让手头上的专家来应付这些棘手的更新，以评估你的风险，甚至可能在公众知道之前内部解决问题。在确定项目的方向上你还可以得到重视的回馈，可以影响到关键特性的优先级。最终，你会得到社区的善意，使产品变得更好，并有可能成为其它的聪明贡献者的工作目标。 + +换句话说，参与进来。成员有特权，主要的特权可能就是信息。 + +### 选择在哪贡献 ### + +同样，没有一家公司有足够的资源来有效地促进所有它所使用的项目，这就是为什么Comerford建议对关键项目上这么做的原因： + +> 如果你要人们列出在企业中所有开源关键技术，你可能会得到一张很长的名单。然后，告诉他们，他们将必须清点人工和预算来支持清单上的每一种技术的话（并验证它） - 它可能会迅速缩水。 + +如果你是一个AMD那样的芯片公司，给Linux内核贡献基本驱动程序和其他代码很可能是强制性的。给LibreOffice贡献可能不是。或者，如果你判断你的未来在Hadoop上进行深层数据分析，你应该贡献Hadoop，即使你依旧免费使用OpenSSL社区的成果。比如Dish Networks公司，它的[ CIO告诉上周在开放商业会上的人们][6]，他们正在将重要的数据从关系型数据库转到Apache的Kafka，那他最好研究Kafka的代码，即使他不贡献给Apache HTTP服务器项目。 + +每家公司都有其优先级，以及这些优先级应该以严肃的承诺而确立。 + +这是确保这些项目安全的一部分办法。而另一部分，它是一种形成影响力指引的方式。但同时，红帽公司CEO[Jim Whitehurst][7]早在2008年声明，它是显著减少IT花费的办法： + +> 今天编写的绝大多数软件是企业编写的，不得转售。并且绝大多数是从来没有真正使用过。IT软件开发中的浪费是巨大的....最终，开源给全世界的客户提供价值，我们不仅需要让我们的客户作为开源产品的用户，而且真正加入开源和参与在开发社区。 + + +Comerford坚持认为：“如果我在业务中使用开源软件，我应该雇开发人员来积极给软件做贡献，如果他们自己不是核心开发者，那就雇佣核心开发者。 ”这是充分利用开源软件的关键：给它做贡献，不只是使用它。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://readwrite.com/2014/05/14/heartbleed-open-source-contribution-users + +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://blogs.computerworld.com/encryption/23767/heartbleed-openssl-open-source-fail +[2]:http://www.zdnet.com/heartbleed-open-sources-worst-hour-7000028420/ +[3]:http://www.zdnet.com/openssl-needs-corporate-funding-to-avoid-heartbleed-repeat-7000028385/ +[4]:http://comerford.cc/wordpress/2014/04/15/my-conclusion-heartbleed-timeline/ +[5]:http://www.smh.com.au/it-pro/security-it/heartbleed-disclosure-timeline-who-knew-what-and-when-20140415-zqurk.html +[6]:http://blogs.wsj.com/cio/2014/05/06/dish-looks-to-open-source-software-after-database-failure/ +[7]:http://www.cnet.com/news/red-hat-solve-enterprise-waste-through-open-source/ diff --git a/translated/talk/What Heartbleed Teaches Us--Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md b/translated/talk/What Heartbleed Teaches Us--Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4d825204ff..0000000000 --- a/translated/talk/What Heartbleed Teaches Us--Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,66 +0,0 @@ -心脏流血教给我们的:成为开源的贡献者而不仅是个用户 -================================================================================ -![](http://readwrite.com/files/styles/1400_0/public/fields/heart-shaped-hole-heartbleed.jpg) - -> 如果你的公司依赖像OpenSSL这样的开源软件,是时候主动点了。 - -开源社区已经官方披上了它心脏流血衬衫。 - -ComputerWorld的Richi Jennings [抨击说][1]“又一个非常可怕的开源失败。”（骗取更多的页面浏览量？）ZDNet的Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols没有公开反对开源软件，仍旧[设法称][2]心脏流血是开源软件的最遭时刻。" 最终ZDNet的Chris Duckett务实地[恳求][3]:"公司筹集资金来避免心脏流血再次发生。" - -而一个好的开始，企业资金并不是心脏流血的最终答案 。你才是。 - -想要避免开源失败的公司应该不仅仅是开源软件的用户，还要是贡献者。 - -### 贡献者乘坐头等舱 ### - -贡献者帮助引导特定的项目。他们开始行动，而不只是执行。大多数企业缺乏资源参与他们所使用的所有开源项目，但每家公司都可以投资给那些真正关系到他们的项目。并且投资得越多，得到的好处越大。 - -开源就是坚持给那些会给予反馈项目补助的礼物。 - -我MongoDB的同事[Adam Comerford让这点更有说服力][4]：如果你看看第一批得知Heartbleed的[时间线] [5]，那些第一批得知的（如谷歌）有一个相当大的优势。如Comford所说的，这些公司有一个显著的优势就是他们可以在bug还大规模未知的时候率先采取措施保护他们的系统。 - - -既然知道早期了解像Heartbleed问题的优势，Comerford问：“我如何确保我在这类问题的早期通知列表里面？” - - -如果你依赖于专有软件，你有一个答案：向卖方支付大量的金钱，并希望他适时地响应。但是，如果你正在使用开源软件，有一个扩展选项： “要么有大量的员工给[开源项目]做贡献 ，或者...有知道主要贡献者的员工（让我们面对他，他们大多会贡献其他开源软件项目，极客和书呆子八卦像其他人一样。“ - -Comerford断言说：”好处不止这样“ - -> 这有很多好处 - 除了让问题及早通知，你让手头上的专家来应付这些棘手的更新，以评估你的风险，甚至可能在公众知道之前内部解决问题。在设置项目的方向上你还可以得到尊重的声音，可以有权划分关键特性的优先级。最终，你会了解社区好的意愿，有助于使大家的产品变得更好，并成为让聪明的贡献者一起工作的目标。 - -换句话说，参与进来。成员有特权，主要的特权可能就是信息。 - -### 选择在哪贡献 ### - -同样，没有一家公司有足够的资源来有效地促进所有它所使用的项目，这就是为什么Comerford建议对关键项目上这么做的原因： - -> 如果你要人们列出在商业中所有开源关键技术，你可能会得到一张很长的名单。现在，告诉他们，他们将不得不清点数量和预算来支持清单上的每一种技术的（并证明它） - 它可能会迅速缩水。 - -如果你是一个AMD那样的芯片公司，给Linux内核贡献基本驱动程序和其他代码很可能是强制性的。给LibreOffice贡献可能不是。或者，如果你赌你的未来在Hadoop上进行深层数据分析，你应该贡献Hadoop，即使你选择在OpenSSL社区免费乘车。如果你是Dish Networks，它的[ CIO告诉上周在开放商业会以上的人们][6]，他们正在将重要的的工作载荷，关系型数据库转到Apache的Kafka，那他最好研究Kafaka的代码，即使他不贡献给Apache HTTP服务器项目。 - -每家公司都有其优先级，以及这些优先级必须以严肃地给开源项目提交来证明。 - -这是确保这些项目安全的一部分办法。而另一部分，它是一种影响方向的方式。但同时，红帽公司CEO[Jim Whitehurst][7]早在2008年声明，它是显著减少IT花费的办法： - -> 今天编写的绝大多数软件是企业编写的，不得转售。并且绝大多数是从来没有真正使用过。IT软件开发中的浪费是巨大的....最终，开源给全世界的客户提供价值，我们不仅需要让我们的客户作为开源产品的用户，而且真正加入开源和参与在开发社区。 - - -Comerford坚持认为：“如果我在业务中使用开源软件，如果他们自己不是核心开发者，我应该雇核心开发人员来积极给软件做贡献。 ”这是充分利用开源软件的关键：给它做贡献，不只是使用它。 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://readwrite.com/2014/05/14/heartbleed-open-source-contribution-users - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://blogs.computerworld.com/encryption/23767/heartbleed-openssl-open-source-fail -[2]:http://www.zdnet.com/heartbleed-open-sources-worst-hour-7000028420/ -[3]:http://www.zdnet.com/openssl-needs-corporate-funding-to-avoid-heartbleed-repeat-7000028385/ -[4]:http://comerford.cc/wordpress/2014/04/15/my-conclusion-heartbleed-timeline/ -[5]:http://www.smh.com.au/it-pro/security-it/heartbleed-disclosure-timeline-who-knew-what-and-when-20140415-zqurk.html -[6]:http://blogs.wsj.com/cio/2014/05/06/dish-looks-to-open-source-software-after-database-failure/ -[7]:http://www.cnet.com/news/red-hat-solve-enterprise-waste-through-open-source/ From f9a48d36c0ded5631da4936a618432c198f76759 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sun, 8 Jun 2014 00:20:56 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 480/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9A20140603=20L?= =?UTF-8?q?inux=20Foundation=20to=20donate=20portion=20of=20membership=20f?= =?UTF-8?q?ees=20to=20Code.org?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @yechunxiao19 明天发布 --- ... donate portion of membership fees to Code.org.md | 12 ++++++------ 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) rename {translated/news => published}/20140603 Linux Foundation to donate portion of membership fees to Code.org.md (60%) diff --git a/translated/news/20140603 Linux Foundation to donate portion of membership fees to Code.org.md b/published/20140603 Linux Foundation to donate portion of membership fees to Code.org.md similarity index 60% rename from translated/news/20140603 Linux Foundation to donate portion of membership fees to Code.org.md rename to published/20140603 Linux Foundation to donate portion of membership fees to Code.org.md index 064558dc1d..be80944dd5 100644 --- a/translated/news/20140603 Linux Foundation to donate portion of membership fees to Code.org.md +++ b/published/20140603 Linux Foundation to donate portion of membership fees to Code.org.md @@ -2,15 +2,15 @@ Linux基金会捐赠部分会员费给Code.org ================================================================================ ![](http://www.muktware.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Linux_Foundation_logo-360x109.png) -Linux基金会[宣布][1]鉴于年中个别成员的努力和推广。对于每一位在2014年6月1日到6月30日晚上11:59之间加入的新会员，Code.org将会收入其会费25美元。 +Linux基金会[宣布][1]鉴于年中个别成员的努力和推广。对于每一位在2014年6月1日到6月30日晚上11:59之间加入的新会员，Code.org将会得到25美元。 -Code.org是通过使其可在更多的学校提供机会，以提高妇女和没有名额的学生的参与，致力于计算机科学扩大的非营利性组织。其目标是提供给每所学校的学生学习计算机科学的机会。Code.org与Linux基金会的使命是增加人们学习编程的机会。 +Code.org是通过让更多的学校提供机会，以提高女性和有色人种学生的参与，致力于扩展计算机科学教育的非营利性组织。其目标是提供给每所学校的学生学习计算机科学的机会。Code.org与Linux基金会的使命是增加人们学习编程的机会。 -Amanda McPherson，CMO在Linux基金会解释-当今的许多Linux人才都是从学生时代开始摆弄电脑，并在大学期间编写了简单地程序。通过帮助提供这个月的个人会员捐款给Code.org，我们希望社会各界能够支持Linux和Linux创始人Linus Torvalds的工作，同时帮助增加获取计算机科学教育的下一代Linux开发人员和系统管理员。 +Linux基金会的CMO Amanda McPherson解释道，当今的许多Linux人才都是从学生时代开始摆弄电脑，并在大学期间编写了简单地程序。通过将提供这个月的个人会员捐款给Code.org，我们希望社会各界能够支持Linux和Linux创始人Linus Torvalds的工作，同时帮助增加获取计算机科学教育的下一代Linux开发人员和系统管理员。 -学习和教育也是Linux基金会最优先考虑的。基金会最近宣布的第一个“Linux入门”大规模开放式网络课程（MOOC），它是免费提供给所有人的。已经有超过14万人登记8月开始的第一节课。他也提供并组织各种培训课程。 +学习和教育也是Linux基金会最优先考虑的。基金会最近宣布的第一个“Linux入门”大规模开放式网络课程（MOOC），它是免费提供给所有人的。已经有超过14万人登记预计8月开始的第一节课。它也提供并组织各种培训课程。 -Linux基金会会员们支持着Linux和开源社区的发展。作为额外津贴，成员也会收到包括20%折扣的LinuxCon和CloudOpen登记独家优惠；高达10%折扣的Linux基金会培训；一个Linux.com的电子邮件地址（例如john@linux.com）；戴尔，惠普和联想的员工优惠价；高达35%折扣的O'Reilly书籍和电子书；以及其他各种折扣。 +Linux基金会会员们支持着Linux和开源社区的发展。作为额外津贴，成员也会得到包括20%折扣的LinuxCon和CloudOpen大会门票的独家优惠；高达10%折扣的Linux基金会培训；一个Linux.com的电子邮件地址（例如john@linux.com）；购买戴尔，惠普和联想电脑的员工优惠价；高达35%折扣的O'Reilly书籍和电子书；以及其他各种折扣。 每年的会员费为99美元。对于学生是25美元，但包含相同的个人会员优惠。要注册，请访问： [https://www.linuxfoundation.org/about/join/individual][2] @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Linux基金会会员们支持着Linux和开源社区的发展。作为额外津 via: http://www.muktware.com/2014/06/linux-foundation-donate-portion-membership-fees-code-org/27942 -译者：[乌龙茶](https://github.com/yechunxiao19) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[乌龙茶](https://github.com/yechunxiao19) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 578b50bd2c491216496aeb7b91e58ac72aa18bfa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: MikeCoder Date: Sun, 8 Jun 2014 08:54:18 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 481/601] translating --- ... Interview Questions and Answers on Linux Shell Scripting.md | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140607 Practical Interview Questions and Answers on Linux Shell Scripting.md b/sources/tech/20140607 Practical Interview Questions and Answers on Linux Shell Scripting.md index e166b05271..121f64f704 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140607 Practical Interview Questions and Answers on Linux Shell Scripting.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140607 Practical Interview Questions and Answers on Linux Shell Scripting.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +Mike Translating + Practical Interview Questions and Answers on Linux Shell Scripting ================================================================================ With the overwhelming response we are getting on the Interview Series articles, the first of its kind on any Linux How-to website in the form of Likes, Feedbacks in comment as well as on personal Email Address make us going from one article to the next article. From a44b5c370a23228f037b7df562effde6c7344d63 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sun, 8 Jun 2014 10:41:46 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 482/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9A20140607=20S?= =?UTF-8?q?team=20Hits=20The=20Big=20500=20For=20Linux=20Games?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @alim0x 发布了 --- ... Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md | 21 +++++++++++++++++++ ... Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md | 21 ------------------- 2 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/20140607 Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md delete mode 100644 translated/news/20140607 Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md diff --git a/published/20140607 Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md b/published/20140607 Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8bf6cc7b5f --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20140607 Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +Steam平台Linux游戏突破500大关 +================================================================================ +![](http://www.gamingonlinux.com/uploads/articles/article_images/1401998399steam.png) + +这是一个很棒的里程碑不是吗？Steam上现在已经有500个（截至6月7日已有509个）兼容Linux的游戏了，对任何人而言这都着实是个巨大的数目。人们将不再一直说着“可是Linux上没有游戏”，但令人悲伤的是他们会说Linux上几乎没有AAA级的游戏大作（这确实是事实），但这会是一个循序渐进建立起游戏生态的过程。 + +我一直在说这个（译注：指Linux游戏会增多的）， 但我仍从没想过我们会有一天像这样实现它。我毫不怀疑今年晚些时候我们能够有XCOM，Civilization（文明）以及更多即将到来游戏令人惊喜的发布消息。 + +一旦Steam Machines/SteamOS发布，如果它们获得了成功我们应该可以看到Linux平台游戏数目甚至上升得更快。 + +所以，Steam上的支持Linux平台的游戏数目达到1000还要多久？也许是今年末，谁知道呢！ + +我现在要去拿我的派对帽了...你也要庆祝这个里程碑吗？ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.gamingonlinux.com/articles/steam-hits-the-big-500-for-linux-games.3849 + +译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 diff --git a/translated/news/20140607 Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md b/translated/news/20140607 Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md deleted file mode 100644 index f1bb08b330..0000000000 --- a/translated/news/20140607 Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,21 +0,0 @@ -Steam平台Linux游戏突破500大关 -================================================================================ -![](http://www.gamingonlinux.com/uploads/articles/article_images/1401998399steam.png) - -这是一个很棒的里程碑不是吗？Steam上现在已经有500个（截至6.7已有509个）兼容Linux的游戏了，对任何人而言这都着实是个巨大的数目。人们将不再一直说着“可是Linux上没有游戏”，但令人悲伤的是他们会说Linux上几乎没有AAA级的游戏大作（这确实是事实），但这会是一个循序渐进建立起（译注：游戏生态）的过程。 - -我一直在说这个（译注：Linux游戏会增多的）， 但我仍从没想过我们会有一天像这样实现它。我毫不怀疑今年晚些时候我们能够有XCOM，Civilization（译注：文明）以及更多即将到来游戏令人惊喜的发布消息。 - -一旦Steam Machines/SteamOS发布，如果它们获得了成功我们应该可以看到Linux平台游戏数目甚至上升得更快。 - -所以，（Steam上的支持Linux平台的）游戏数目达到1000还要多久？也许是今年末，谁知道呢！ - -我现在要去拿我的派对帽了...你也要庆祝这个里程碑吗？ - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.gamingonlinux.com/articles/steam-hits-the-big-500-for-linux-games.3849 - -译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From d3188a55ae6128fa31496e7afca6a51262f83c11 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alim0x Date: Sun, 8 Jun 2014 10:57:15 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 483/601] alim0x translating --- sources/news/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/sources/news/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md b/sources/news/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md index 36c2755d63..193a398a78 100644 --- a/sources/news/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md +++ b/sources/news/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +alim0x translating + Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down ================================================================================ **Ubuntu One is now formally in shut-down. You have until July 31 to grab your files or they will be lost forever. ** From ba7a8761a064bb6186be0c57055a2bd61b99d769 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: MikeCoder Date: Sun, 8 Jun 2014 11:00:47 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 484/601] finish translating --- ...ns and Answers on Linux Shell Scripting.md | 177 ------------------ ...ns and Answers on Linux Shell Scripting.md | 177 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 177 insertions(+), 177 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20140607 Practical Interview Questions and Answers on Linux Shell Scripting.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20140607 Practical Interview Questions and Answers on Linux Shell Scripting.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20140607 Practical Interview Questions and Answers on Linux Shell Scripting.md b/sources/tech/20140607 Practical Interview Questions and Answers on Linux Shell Scripting.md deleted file mode 100644 index 121f64f704..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20140607 Practical Interview Questions and Answers on Linux Shell Scripting.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,177 +0,0 @@ -Mike Translating - -Practical Interview Questions and Answers on Linux Shell Scripting -================================================================================ -With the overwhelming response we are getting on the Interview Series articles, the first of its kind on any Linux How-to website in the form of Likes, Feedbacks in comment as well as on personal Email Address make us going from one article to the next article. - -Here is the link to the [Interview Series][1] articles already published on Tecmint.com, where we have covered lots of topics viz., FTP, MySQL, Apache, Scripting, Linux Commands, etc. - -![Practical Interview Question on Shell Scripting](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Interview-Questions-on-Shell-Scripting.png) -Practical Interview Question on Shell Scripting - -Continuing to the above series here we are coming with another 5 wonderful Linux Interview Questions and their answer. Your (The Tecmint.com Readers and frequent Visitors) support is always needed to make it successful. - -### 1. Write a shell script to get current date, time, user name and current working directory. ### - -> **Answer** : The commands logname, date, who I am and pwd will output username, current date and time, and current working directory. Just implementing these commands in the script and making it a bit interactive. - -Now create a file called ‘**userstats.sh**‘ and add the following code to it. - - #!/bin/bash - echo "Hello, $LOGNAME" - echo "Current date is `date`" - echo "User is `who i am`" - echo "Current directory `pwd`" - -Place execute permission and run the script as shown below. - - # chmod 755 userstats.sh - # ./userstats.sh - -#### Sample Output #### - - Hello, avi - Current date is Sat Jun 7 13:05:29 IST 2014 - User is avi pts/0 2014-06-07 11:59 (:0) - Current directory /home/avi/Desktop - -### 2. Write a Shell Script that adds two numbers if provided as the command Line Argument and if the two numbers are not entered it outputs an Error Message along with a one-Line of how-to use description. ### - -> **Answer** : Here is the simple Shell Script along with description which adds two number if provided as Command-Line argument, if not it throws error with single line on how to use the script. - -Again create a file called ‘**two-numbers.sh**‘ and add the following content to it. - - #!/bin/bash - # The Shebang - - if [ $# -ne 2 ] - # If two Inputs are not received from Standard Input - - then - # then execute the below statements - - echo "Usage - $0 x y" - # print on standard output, how-to use the script (Usage - ./1.sh x y ) - - echo " Where x and y are two nos for which I will print sum" - # print on standard output, “Where x and y are two nos for which I will print sum ” - - exit 1 - # Leave shell in Error Stage and before the task was successfully carried out. - - fi - # End of the if Statement. - - echo "Sum of $1 and $2 is `expr $1 + $2`" - # If the above condition was false and user Entered two numbers as a command Line Argument, - it will show the sum of the entered numbers. - -Set executer permission on the file and run the script as shown below. - - # chmod 755 two-numbers.sh - -**Condition 1**: Running the script without entering two numbers as command line argument, you will get the following output. - -#### Sample Output #### - - # ./two-numbers.sh - - Usage - ./two-numbers.sh x y - Where x and y are two nos for which I will print sum - -**Condition 2**: When Numbers are entered as command line argument you will get the result as shown. - - $ ./two-numbers.sh 4 5 - - Sum of 4 and 5 is 9 - -Hence the above shell script fulfills the condition as suggested in the question. - -### 3. You needs to print a given Number say 10572, in reverse order using a Shell script such that the input is provided using command Line Argument only. If the input data is not provided as Command Line Argument, it should throw and error and should suggest, how to use the script. Write the script but before that tell me the algorithm that needs to be implemented here. ### - -#### Algorithm #### - -1. Let the Input Number = n -1. Set rev=0, sd=0 (Reverse and single digitis set to 0) -1. n % 10, will find and give single left most digit -1. reverse number is generated as rev * 10 + sd -1. Decrease Input Number (n) by 1. -1. if n > 0, then goto step 3 else goto setp 7 -1. Print rev - -Now again, create a file called ‘**numbers.sh**‘ and add the following given code it. - - #!/bin/bash - if [ $# -ne 1 ] - then - echo "Usage: $0 number" - echo " I will find reverse of given number" - echo " For eg. $0 0123, I will print 3210" - exit 1 - fi - - n=$1 - rev=0 - sd=0 - - while [ $n -gt 0 ] - do - sd=`expr $n % 10` - rev=`expr $rev \* 10 + $sd` - n=`expr $n / 10` - done - echo "Reverse number is $rev" - -Grant a execute permission on the file and run the script as shown below. - - # chmod 755 numbers.h - -**Condition 1**: When Input is not provided as command line argument, you will get the following output. - -#### Sample Output #### - - ./numbers.sh - - Usage: ./numbers.sh number - I will find reverse of given number - For eg. ./2.sh 123, I will print 321 - -**Condition 2**: When Input was provided as command line Argument. - - $ ./numbers.sh 10572 - - Reverse number is 27501 - -The above script worked perfectly and the output was just what we needed. - -### 4. You are supposed to calculate a real number calculation directly from terminal and not any shell script. What will you do (say the real numbers are 7.56 and 2.453)? ### - -> **Answer** : We need to use bc command in a special way as described below. The output of echo 7.56 + 2.453 should be pipelined to bc. - -For example, run the following command to calculate numbers in real time using bc command as shown. - - $ echo 7.56 + 2.453 | bc - - 10.013 - -### 5. You are supposed to find the value of pi upto 100 places of decimal, what is the easiest way to get the result done. ### - -> **Answer** : The easiest way to find the value of pi, correct upto 100 places of decimal we just need to issue the below command. - - # pi 100 - - 3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307816406286208998628034825342117067 - -Obviously! We must have package ‘**pi**‘ installed. Just do a **apt** or **yum** to get a required package to install ‘**pi**‘ onto the distribution you are using. - -That’s all for now. I’ll be here again with another interesting article very soon. Till then stay tuned and connected to Tecmint.com. Don’t forget to provide us with you valuable feedback in the comment section below. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.tecmint.com/practical-interview-questions-on-linux-shell-scripting/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/category/interview-questions/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/tech/20140607 Practical Interview Questions and Answers on Linux Shell Scripting.md b/translated/tech/20140607 Practical Interview Questions and Answers on Linux Shell Scripting.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9157a8dbfe --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20140607 Practical Interview Questions and Answers on Linux Shell Scripting.md @@ -0,0 +1,177 @@ +实用的Linux SHELL面试问题及答案 +================================================================================ + +随着之前有关面试的系列文章，读者的反应比较强烈，所以我决定出一篇有关Linux Shell相关的面试文章，如果对本文有什么意见或意见的话，欢迎反馈到我的邮箱里。 + +如果想要阅读已发表在Tecmint.com的文章，可以点击链接，链接到[访谈系列] [1]，在这里我们已经介绍很多题目即文章。，FTP，MySQL和Apache的，脚本，Linux命令等。 + +![Practical Interview Question on Shell Scripting](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Interview-Questions-on-Shell-Scripting.png) +> 实用的shell脚本面试问题 + +这边提到的5个面试问题，延续之前的有关Linux面试问题和答案。如果你是Tecmint.com的读者，你的支持我非常感谢。 + +### 1. 写一个shell脚本来得到当前的日期，时间，用户名和当前工作目录。 ### + +> **Answer** : 将输出用户名，当前日期和时间，以及当前工作目录的命令就是logname，date，who i am和pwd。 + +现在，创建一个名为**`userstats.sh`**文件，将下面的代码添加到它。 + + #!/bin/bash + echo "Hello, $LOGNAME" + echo "Current date is `date`" + echo "User is `who i am`" + echo "Current directory `pwd`" + +给他添加执行权限，并且执行他。 + + # chmod 755 userstats.sh + # ./userstats.sh + +#### 样例输出 #### + + Hello, avi + Current date is Sat Jun 7 13:05:29 IST 2014 + User is avi pts/0 2014-06-07 11:59 (:0) + Current directory /home/avi/Desktop + +### 2.写一个shell脚本，进行两个数字的相加，如果没有输入参数就输出错误信息和使用说明的### + +> **Answer** : +下面是简单的shell脚本以及描述，如果没有命令行参数，它会抛出错误与如何使用脚本的说明。 + +再创建一个名为**`twonumbers.sh`**文件和下面的内容添加到文件里。 + + #!/bin/bash + # The Shebang + + if [ $# -ne 2 ] + # If two Inputs are not received from Standard Input + + then + # then execute the below statements + + echo "Usage - $0 x y" + # print on standard output, how-to use the script (Usage - ./1.sh x y ) + + echo " Where x and y are two nos for which I will print sum" + # print on standard output, “Where x and y are two nos for which I will print sum ” + + exit 1 + # Leave shell in Error Stage and before the task was successfully carried out. + + fi + # End of the if Statement. + + echo "Sum of $1 and $2 is `expr $1 + $2`" + # If the above condition was false and user Entered two numbers as a command Line Argument, + it will show the sum of the entered numbers. + +给他添加可执行权限，并且执行。 + + # chmod 755 two-numbers.sh + +**Condition 1**: 未输入两个数字作为命令行参数运行脚本，你将得到下面的输出。 + +#### Sample Output #### + + # ./two-numbers.sh + + Usage - ./two-numbers.sh x y + Where x and y are two nos for which I will print sum + +**Condition 2**: 当数字存在时，你会得到如图所示的结果。 + + $ ./two-numbers.sh 4 5 + + Sum of 4 and 5 is 9 + +因此，上述shell脚本满足条件作为问题提出了建议。 + +### 3.你需要打印一个给定的数字的反序，如输入10572，输出27501，如果没有输入数据，应该抛出错误和使用脚本说明。在此之前，告诉我，你需要在这里使用的算法。 ### + +#### 算法 #### + +1. 输入的数字为n +2. 赋值 rev=0, sd=0 (反向和单个数字设置为0) +3. n % 10, 将得到最左边的数字 +4. 反向数字可以用这个方法生成 rev * 10 + sd +5. 对输入数字进行-1操作 +6. 如果n > 0, 进入第三步，否则进行第七步 +7. 输出rev + +现在，创建一个名为**`numbers.sh**`文件，并添加以下代码。 + + #!/bin/bash + if [ $# -ne 1 ] + then + echo "Usage: $0 number" + echo " I will find reverse of given number" + echo " For eg. $0 0123, I will print 3210" + exit 1 + fi + + n=$1 + rev=0 + sd=0 + + while [ $n -gt 0 ] + do + sd=`expr $n % 10` + rev=`expr $rev \* 10 + $sd` + n=`expr $n / 10` + done + echo "Reverse number is $rev" + +授予对文件的执行权限，并运行如下所示的脚本。 + + # chmod 755 numbers.h + +**Condition 1**: 当输入不包含命令行参数，你将得到下面的输出。 + +#### Sample Output #### + + ./numbers.sh + + Usage: ./numbers.sh number + I will find reverse of given number + For eg. ./2.sh 123, I will print 321 + +**Condition 2**: 正常输入 + + $ ./numbers.sh 10572 + + Reverse number is 27501 + +上面的脚本非常完美，输出正是我们需要的。 + +### 4. 你应该直接用终端，而不是依靠任何shell脚本来进行实数计算。你会怎么做（比如实数7.56+2.453）？ ### + +> **Answer** : + +我们需要用如下所述的特殊方式使用bc命令。将7.56+2.453作为输入通过管道进入bc中。 + + $ echo 7.56 + 2.453 | bc + + 10.013 + +### 5. 你需要给出圆周率的值，精度为小数点后100位，什么是最简单的方法。 ### + +> **Answer** : 找圆周率的值最简单的方法，我们只是需要发出以下命令。 + + # pi 100 + + 3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307816406286208998628034825342117067 + +很明显！安装我们必须有包**`pi`**。只是一个**apt**或**yum**命令，就能获得所需的软件包，同时用最简单方法来实现这个需求。 + +就是这样。我会很快在Tecmint.com发表另一个有趣的文章。至此敬请关注。别忘了向我们提供您在的评论和反馈。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.tecmint.com/practical-interview-questions-on-linux-shell-scripting/ + +译者：[MikeCoder](https://github.com/MikeCoder) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/category/interview-questions/ \ No newline at end of file From 7196f8de55e3902b9f6edbc8669c0b67189ee2fd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sun, 8 Jun 2014 11:03:22 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 485/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9A20140604=20S?= =?UTF-8?q?etup=20Virtual=20Hosts=20In=20Apache=20On=20Ubuntu=2014.04=20LT?= =?UTF-8?q?S?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @disylee 发布了 --- ...ual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md | 93 +++++-------------- 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+), 68 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md (77%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md b/published/20140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md similarity index 77% rename from translated/tech/20140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md rename to published/20140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md index d06bb45da9..ab3625c003 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md +++ b/published/20140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md @@ -1,58 +1,39 @@ - - - 在Ubuntu 14.04 LTS系统中设置Apache虚拟主机 ================================================================================ - -**虚拟主机**常用于单独一个IP地址安装多个域名或网站服务。如果有人想在单个VPS的单个IP地址运行多个网站，这是非常有用的。 - +**虚拟主机**常用于在一个单独的IP地址上提供多个域名的网站服务。如果有人想在单个VPS的单个IP地址运行多个网站，这是非常有用的。 在这个教程中，让我告诉你如何设置在Ubuntu 14.04 LTS的Apache网页服务器设置虚拟主机。请注意，这个教程只针对Ubuntu14.04的32位版本。 -我不能提出任何保证它也可以工作在其它更低的Ubuntu版本或者Ubuntu衍生物。 +我不保证它也可以工作在其它更低的Ubuntu版本或者Ubuntu衍生版本（虽然可能过程是类似的）。 ###方案### - - 在这个教程中，我会使用Ubuntu 14.04 32位 LTS，并搭建2个测试网站分别命名为“**unixmen1.local**” 和 “**unixmen2.local**”.我的测试机分别为**192.168.1.250/24**和**server.unixmen.local**。你可以根据你的需要更改虚拟域名。 - - ###安装Apache网站服务器### - - 安装apache服务器之前，我们来更新一下我们的Ubuntu服务器： sudo apt-get update - -现在，用下面命令来安装apache网络服务器： +然后，用下面命令来安装apache网络服务器： sudo apt-get install apache2 -安装apache服务器之后，让我们通过这个URL **http://ip-address/**来测试网站服务器是否正常工作 +安装apache服务器之后，让我们通过这个URL **http://你的服务器的IP地址/** 来测试网站服务器是否正常工作 ![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Apache2-Ubuntu-Default-Page-It-works-Mozilla-Firefox_001.png) - -像你所看到以上的图片，apache服务器正在工作。 - - +如你所见，apache服务器已经工作了。 ###设置虚拟主机### - #### 1.创建虚拟目录 ## - 现在，让我们继续安装虚拟主机。正如我先前所述，我要新建2台虚拟主机分别命名为“**unixmen1.local**”和“**unixmen2.local**”. - 创建一个公用的文件夹来存放这两台虚拟主机的数据。 - 首先，让我们为unixmen1.local这个站点创建一个目录： sudo mkdir -p /var/www/unixmen1.local/public_html @@ -61,42 +42,30 @@ sudo mkdir -p /var/www/unixmen2.local/public_html - ### 2. 设置所有者和权限 #### - 上面目录现在只有root拥有权限。我们需要修改这2个目录的拥有权给普通用户，而不仅仅是root用户。 sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /var/www/unixmen1.local/public_html/ sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /var/www/unixmen2.local/public_html/ -“**$USER**”变量显示了当前的登录用户。 +“**$USER**”变量指向了当前的登录用户。 - - - -设置读写权限给apache网页根（/var/www)目录,这样每个人都可以从目录中读取文件。 +设置读写权限给apache网页根目录（/var/www）及其子目录，这样每个人都可以从目录中读取文件。 sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/ +这样，我们就创建好了一些文件夹来保存网络相关数据并分配必要的权限和所属用户。 +#### 4. 为虚拟主机创建示例页 #### -我们需要创建一些文件夹来保存网络相关数据并分配必要的权限和所属用户。 +现在，我们给网站增加示例页。第一步，让我们给虚拟主机**unixmen1.local**创建一个示例页。 - - -#### 4. 为虚拟主机创建例页 #### - - -现在，我们必须通过网站示例样页。第一步，让我们给虚拟主机窗机一个名为**unixmen1.local**的样页。 - - -给unixmen1.local虚拟主机创建一个目录， +给unixmen1.local虚拟主机创建一个示例页， sudo vi /var/www/unixmen1.local/public_html/index.html - -添加一下内容： +添加以下内容： @@ -110,12 +79,12 @@ 保存并关闭文件。 -同样的，添加样页到第二台虚拟主机。 +同样的，添加示例页到第二台虚拟主机。 sudo vi /var/www/unixmen2.local/public_html/index.html -添加一下内容： +添加以下内容： @@ -128,23 +97,20 @@ 保存并关闭文件。 -#### 5. 创建虚拟主机文件#### +#### 5. 创建虚拟主机配置文件#### - -默认情况下，apache有一个默认的虚拟主机文件叫000-default.conf.我们将会复制**000-default.conf**文件内容到我们新的虚拟主机文件中。 +默认情况下，apache有一个默认的虚拟主机文件叫000-default.conf。我们将会复制**000-default.conf**文件内容到我们新的虚拟主机配置文件中。 sudo cp /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf /etc/apache2/sites-available/unixmen1.local.conf sudo cp /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf /etc/apache2/sites-available/unixmen2.local.conf +确保虚拟主机配置文件末尾包含.conf扩展名。 -确保虚拟主机文件包含.conf扩展名在内容的最后。 - -现在，修改unximen1.local.conf文件以呈现新的值。 +现在，修改unximen1.local.conf文件以符合需求。 sudo vi /etc/apache2/sites-available/unixmen1.local.conf - -使相关的变化直接呈现在unixmen1站点中。 +使相关的变化直接呈现在unixmen1站点中（译注：以“#”开头的注释行可以忽略。）。 # The ServerName directive sets the request scheme, hostname and port that @@ -183,7 +149,6 @@ sudo vi /etc/apache2/sites-available/unixmen2.local.conf - 使相关的修改在unixmen2 站点呈现出来。 @@ -219,40 +184,32 @@ -修改虚拟主机文件后，使默认的虚拟主机（000.default.conf)不生效，然后使新的虚拟主机生效，如下所示。 +修改虚拟主机文件后，禁用默认的虚拟主机配置（000.default.conf)，然后启用新的虚拟主机配置，如下所示。 sudo a2dissite 000-default.conf sudo a2ensite unixmen1.local.conf sudo a2ensite unixmen2.local.conf - 最后，重启apache服务器。 sudo service apache2 restart - 就是这样。现在，我们成功地配置了apach虚拟主机在我们的Ubuntu服务器上 - -测试虚拟主机 - +###测试虚拟主机### 编辑**/etc/hosts**文件， sudo vi /etc/hosts -如下所示挨个添加虚拟域名。 +在文件末尾添加如下所示的虚拟域名。 - [...] 192.168.1.250 unixmen1.local 192.168.1.250 unixmen2.local - 保存并关闭文件。 - -打开你的浏览器并指向**http://unixmen1.local** 或 **http://unixmen2.local**链接。你将会看到我们之前创建的样页。 - +打开你的浏览器并访问**http://unixmen1.local** 或 **http://unixmen2.local**。你将会看到我们之前创建的示例页。 **Unixmen1.local 测试页:** @@ -263,7 +220,7 @@ ![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/www.unixmen2.local-Mozilla-Firefox_005.png) -如果你想从你的远程系统访问这些站点，你需要在你的DNS服务器添加实际域名记录。因此，我不需要人和实际域名和DNS服务器，我只想通过我的本地系统测试，那么它刚好如我所愿地工作。 +如果你想从你的远程系统访问这些站点，你需要在你的DNS服务器添加实际域名记录。不过，我没有真实的域名和DNS服务器，我只想通过我的本地系统测试，那么它刚好如我所愿地工作。 Cheers！ @@ -271,6 +228,6 @@ Cheers！ via: http://www.unixmen.com/setup-virtual-hosts-apache-ubuntu-14-04-lts/ -译者：disylee(https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[disylee](https://github.com/disylee) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 65a991a0a40ec167946b0af63324c51c741fde49 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: stduolc Date: Sun, 8 Jun 2014 16:08:54 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 486/601] pr for translating --- ...SL breach is no Heartbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/sources/talk/20140607 New OpenSSL breach is no Heartbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md b/sources/talk/20140607 New OpenSSL breach is no Heartbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md index fd6154d5df..04a453eb65 100644 --- a/sources/talk/20140607 New OpenSSL breach is no Heartbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md +++ b/sources/talk/20140607 New OpenSSL breach is no Heartbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +[translating BY lolipop] New OpenSSL breach is no Heartbleed, but needs to be taken seriously ================================================================================ > Summary: While the newest OpenSSL security problems are troubling, and you should address it, it's nothing as bad as Heartbleed. From 42a36644dea74cad285f2c889dc9dac2108ca114 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: stduolc Date: Sun, 8 Jun 2014 18:35:28 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 487/601] Pr For translated --- ...rtbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md | 59 ------------------- ...rtbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md | 58 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 58 insertions(+), 59 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/talk/20140607 New OpenSSL breach is no Heartbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md create mode 100644 translated/talk/20140607 New OpenSSL breach is no Heartbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md diff --git a/sources/talk/20140607 New OpenSSL breach is no Heartbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md b/sources/talk/20140607 New OpenSSL breach is no Heartbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md deleted file mode 100644 index 04a453eb65..0000000000 --- a/sources/talk/20140607 New OpenSSL breach is no Heartbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,59 +0,0 @@ -[translating BY lolipop] -New OpenSSL breach is no Heartbleed, but needs to be taken seriously -================================================================================ -> Summary: While the newest OpenSSL security problems are troubling, and you should address it, it's nothing as bad as Heartbleed. - -It's been a bad week for open-source Secure Socket Layer (SSL) programs. - -First, the obscure, [GnuTLS was revealed to have a trivial][1] but damning flaw. Then, the massively popular OpenSSL was found to have [a man-in-the-middle vulnerability][2]. After the [Heartbleed fiasco][3], OpenSSL needed this like a hole in the head. - -![](http://cdn-static.zdnet.com/i/r/story/70/00/030273/openssl-200x55.png?hash=MwyxMwt0MJ&upscale=1) - -This vulnerability, according to Adam Langley, a senior staff software engineer at Google, has been [around for at least 15 years][4]. It's a pity the Core Infrastructure Initiative (CII) [riding to OpenSSL's rescue with more developer funding][5] didn't happen any sooner than it did. - -That said, this bug is still is nowhere near as bad as Heartbleed. For starters, an attacker needs to be running a system between the web browser or other SSL-enabled client program to make use of the security hole. - -Be that as it may, you still need to address it by upgrading as soon as possible. As Chris Camejo, Director of Assessment Services for [NTT Com Security][6] said in an e-mail interview, "It's bad because it has been around for a long time and looks to be fairly widespread." - -He added: "If exploited it would allow the attacker to decrypt traffic. This is serious given that the whole point of SSL is to encrypt traffic and it is widely used to protect passwords, credit card numbers, and all other manner of sensitive transactions that happen on web sites as well as certain email connections." - -In a separate interview, Mark Cox, Red Hat's senior director of product security, [went into deeper detail][7]. Cox said, OpenSSL has fixed a number of security flaws, but given the Heartbleed episode we needed to find a way to tell people not to panic. - -Cox explained that Heartbleed had been patched before it was revealed but news of the exploit spread before news of the patches, hence so much of the upset around it. In this latest case, there have been seven security issues patched but only two of them need concern administrators and users. - -The first, Cox continued, is the Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) bug. There is no known exploit of it at this time, but there is the potential for a successful attack against it. - -Therefore, while DTLS is not widely used, if you do use it, it should be patched as soon as possible. - -Cox then said the "real meat of the issue is the man-in-the-middle attack." Even here, for this work, someone really must be "in the middle" between a vulnerable server and client to make use of the hole. - -But if someone can do this, they could "bypass SSL and get to the raw data... This is quite a serious issue." - -Still, with Heartbleed anyone could theoretically exploit vulnerable SSL servers. To attack using this hole would require network access to the traffic between the client and server. For example, a successful attack might be made with a fake coffee house Wi-Fi access point being used to connect the Android version of the Chrome Web browser and an unpatched Web server. Fortunately, Google has [already released an updated version of this browser][8], 35.0.1916.141, to eliminate this problem. - -The most vulnerable systems, according to Cox, are unpatched Android devices using a bogus Wi-Fi hot spot. Morrell added that since Android users are at the mercy of their phone vendors and telcos for security updates they may be stuck with vulnerabilities for quite a long time. - -Fortunately, if the servers they connect with have been updated, they still can't be attacked. - -The OpenSSL security community has known about this problem since early May. The group, working with Red Hat, other major Linux and open-source groups, and hardware vendors, went to a great deal of trouble to not simply patch the bug but to take the next steps of testing the repair, so that they could be as certain (as anyone can ever be in security) that it would fix the hole, but also not introduce any new security problems, and work with most combinations of OpenSSL servers and clients. - -Now that the patch is out there, OpenSSL is trying to get the solid facts, as well as the patch, out to people so there won't be any undue panic over these problems. Cox added that the major Linux vendors, such as Red Hat and Ubuntu, already have the patches available. - -All server administrators need do is to download and install them and instead of a security crisis this will prove to be business as usual. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.zdnet.com/new-openssl-breech-is-no-heartbleed-but-needs-to-be-taken-seriously-7000030273/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.zdnet.com/another-serious-gnutls-bug-exposes-linux-clients-to-server-attacks-7000030205 -[2]:http://www.zdnet.com/openssl-fixes-another-severe-vulnerability-7000030253/ -[3]:http://www.zdnet.com/heartbleed-serious-openssl-zero-day-vulnerability-revealed-7000028166 -[4]:https://www.imperialviolet.org/2014/06/05/earlyccs.html -[5]:http://www.zdnet.com/corporations-put-their-cash-where-their-open-source-security-is-7000030023/ -[6]:http://www.nttcomsecurity.com/us/ -[7]:http://ec.libsyn.com/p/6/a/5/6a58036510bae37c/CloudEvangelistPodcast_Ep92_MarkCox.mp3?d13a76d516d9dec20c3d276ce028ed5089ab1ce3dae902ea1d06c88537d1ce596fdc&c_id=7251647) -[8]:http://googlechromereleases.blogspot.com/2014/06/chrome-for-android-update.html \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/talk/20140607 New OpenSSL breach is no Heartbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md b/translated/talk/20140607 New OpenSSL breach is no Heartbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6575ad600c --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/talk/20140607 New OpenSSL breach is no Heartbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +新的OpenSSL分支未包含Heartbleed漏洞，但需要认证看待 +================================================================================ +> 摘要：当被最新的OpenSSL安全问题困扰时，你最好解决它，虽然它并不像Heartbleed那样糟糕。 + +这一周对于开源团队Secure Socket Layer （SSL）的程序员们来说真是糟糕的一周。 + +首先，[GnuTLS][1]晦涩的表明，存在一个不太重要可很糟糕的缺陷。然后，大范围流行的OpenSSL被发现包含一个[中间人漏洞][2]。在[Heartbleed漏洞][3]惨剧后，OpenSSL需要这个来给自己醒醒脑。 + +![](http://cdn-static.zdnet.com/i/r/story/70/00/030273/openssl-200x55.png?hash=MwyxMwt0MJ&upscale=1) + +这个漏洞，根据谷歌高级软件工程师Adam Langley描述，已经[至少存在了15年时间][4]。可惜Core Infrastructure Initiative(CII)领导下的OpenSSL的修补人员获得了[更多的资金][5]，却没能更早的修复他。 + +也就是说这个漏洞依然是和Heartbleed漏洞一样糟糕。对于一些新手，攻击者需要在浏览器和启用了SSL客户端的程序之间来利用这个安全漏洞。 + +尽管它可能被利用，你依然需要尽可能快的通过升级来解决这个漏洞。就像[NTT Com Security][6]的评估服务负责人Chris Camejo在邮件会议里说的，“它很糟糕因为已经存在了这么长的时间，看起来传播范围相当广泛。” + +他补充到：“如果利用它，将使攻击者解密流量。从SSL的设计目的看，这是一个很严重的问题，同时SSL被用来保护很多的密码，信用卡卡号和其他的和网站类似的敏感数据的email连接。” + +在一次单独采访中，Red Hat的产品安全高级负责人Mark Cox详细深入地介绍了[细节][7]。Cox说，OpenSSL已修正了一些安全缺陷，但鉴于我们需要想办法告诉人们不要因为Heartbleed而陷入恐慌。 + +Cox解释说，Heartbleed漏洞在公布之前得到了修补，但利用此漏洞的消息在修补程序之前传开，因此在这个问题上有那么多的抱怨。最新的情况，已有七个安全问题得到了修补，但其中只有两项需要管理员和用户的关注。 + +第一，Cox继续说道，是数据报传输层安全 (DTLS)的bug。到目前为止，还没有已知的攻击，但是存在针对它攻击成功的潜在性。 + +因此，虽然DTLS使用不广泛，如果您确实在使用它，它应尽快修补。 + +Cox然后说,"这个问题的实际上是中间人攻击"。甚至在此，为这项工作，真的有人必须是"在中间的"，来利用易受攻击的服务器和客户端之间的漏洞。 + +但如果有人可以这样做，他们能"绕过SSL并拿到原始数据...这是一个相当严重的问题"。 + +但是，从理论上讲任何人都可以利用Heartbleed漏洞来攻击SSL服务器。攻击并利用此漏洞需要能接触到客户端和服务器之间的通信网络。例如，成功的攻击可能会作出与假咖啡屋Wi-Fi接入点，被用于连接的Android版本的Chrome网络浏览器和一个未安装修补程序的Web服务器。幸运的是，谷歌[已经发布了更新的版本的浏览器][8]，35.0.1916.141，以消除此问题。 + +Cox，最易受攻击的系统是未安装修补程序的Android设备使用一个假的Wi-Fi热点。Morrell补充说因为Android用户在他们的手机供应商和电信公司面前属于弱势，安全漏洞更新前他们可能会受漏洞影响相当长的时间。 + +幸运的是，如果他们用连接的服务器已经更新，他们仍然不会受到攻击。 + +OpenSSL安全社区自5月初以来已经知道这个问题。工作组与Red Hat、其他主要Linux和开源组和硬件供应商，不只是简单修补bug就面对了很多麻烦，但采取下一步骤是测试修复，这样他们可以确认（如任何人都可以在安全） 它会修复漏洞，但也不引入任何新的安全问题并可在大多数 OpenSSL服务器和客户端的组合上工作。 + +现在，该修补补丁就在那里，OpenSSL想巩固事实，以及修补补丁，向公众表明对这些问题不必有任何不必要的恐慌。Cox添加主要的Linux供应商，如Red Hat和Ubuntu，已经有可用的修补程序。 + +所有的管理员需要做的是对所有服务器都要下载并安装补丁，而不是证明安全危机然后这将业务照常进行。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.zdnet.com/new-openssl-breech-is-no-heartbleed-but-needs-to-be-taken-seriously-7000030273/ + +译者：[lolipop](https://github.com/stduolc) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.zdnet.com/another-serious-gnutls-bug-exposes-linux-clients-to-server-attacks-7000030205 +[2]:http://www.zdnet.com/openssl-fixes-another-severe-vulnerability-7000030253/ +[3]:http://www.zdnet.com/heartbleed-serious-openssl-zero-day-vulnerability-revealed-7000028166 +[4]:https://www.imperialviolet.org/2014/06/05/earlyccs.html +[5]:http://www.zdnet.com/corporations-put-their-cash-where-their-open-source-security-is-7000030023/ +[6]:http://www.nttcomsecurity.com/us/ +[7]:http://ec.libsyn.com/p/6/a/5/6a58036510bae37c/CloudEvangelistPodcast_Ep92_MarkCox.mp3?d13a76d516d9dec20c3d276ce028ed5089ab1ce3dae902ea1d06c88537d1ce596fdc&c_id=7251647) +[8]:http://googlechromereleases.blogspot.com/2014/06/chrome-for-android-update.html \ No newline at end of file From 98d31812c1737d1e28125511cc018da056526dca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: recNeps Date: Sun, 8 Jun 2014 22:10:07 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 488/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90?= =?UTF-8?q?=EF=BC=8CMake=20Vim=20into=20IDE?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...How to turn Vim into a full-fledged IDE.md | 88 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 88 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/talk/20140607 How to turn Vim into a full-fledged IDE.md diff --git a/translated/talk/20140607 How to turn Vim into a full-fledged IDE.md b/translated/talk/20140607 How to turn Vim into a full-fledged IDE.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..64b8b47e7f --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/talk/20140607 How to turn Vim into a full-fledged IDE.md @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +CNprober 翻译完成.travelwithheart@yeah.net, 619913541 + +如何将Vim打造成一个成熟的IDE +================================================================================ + +如果你稍微写一点代码，就能知道“集成开发环境”（IDE）是多么的便利。不管是Java、C还是Python，当IDE会帮你检查语法、后台编译，或者自动导入你需要的库时，写代码就变得容易许多。另外，如果你工作在Linux上，你也会知道Vim在进行文本编辑的时候是多么的方便。所以，你可能会想从Vim中也获取这些IDE特性。 + +事实上，很少有方法可以帮你做到。有些人可能会想到试着把Vim打造成C语言IDE的 [c.vim][1]， 或者把Vim集成到Eclipse里的 [Eclim][2] 。但是我想要告诉你的是一个更加通用的，只用插件实现的方案。你肯定不想因为安装了太多的面板和特性而让你的编辑器变得臃肿不堪。只用插件实现的方案可以让你只选择那些你想要集成到Vim的特性。这样做的额外的一个好处是，这个IDE不是专门针对某一种语言的，可以让你写任何类型的代码。下面就来看一下我的 **把IDE特性带进Vim的前10款插件** 吧。 + +### 先来个福利： Pathogen ### + +首先，可能不是所有人都熟悉Vim的插件，也不知道怎么安装这些插件。所以，我推荐的第一个插件就是[Pathogen][3]，因为这个插件会让你更容易安装其他插件。如果你要安装另外的没有在这里列出来的插件，用Pathogen会变得非常简单。[官方页面][3]文档写的非常好，去下载安装一个吧。接下来插件的安装也会变得容易很多。 + +### 1. SuperTab ### + +[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5158/14332189422_34aeb086ed_z.jpg)][4] + +我们习惯于IDE的第一件事就是它的自动补全功能。所以，我习惯这个非常方便的，给了Tab键“超能力”的 [SuperTab][5] 插件。 + +### 2. Syntastic ### + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3894/14354095583_ce9b112b97_z.jpg) + +如果你需要使用超过一种语言进行编码，有时候是非常容易混淆不同语言之间的语法的。幸运的是，[syntastic][6] 会帮你检查，然后告诉你是否应该加上圆括号或者方括号，或者告诉你在某个地方，你忘了一个分号。 + +### 3. Auto Pairs ### + +另外一件让程序员们抓狂的事是：我是不是少加了最后一个括号？！每个人都讨厌用手指去数那些隔的非常远的括号。为了处理这个问题，我用 [Auto Pairs][7] 插件，这个插件会自动插入和格式化方括号和圆括号。 + +### 4. NERD Commenter ### + +如果你在找一个可以支持多种程序语言的注释代码的快捷键，你可以试试 [NERD Commenter][8]。即使你不是程序员，我也非常非常推荐这款插件，因为它会让你在注释bash 脚本或者其他任何东西的时候都会变得非常高效。 + +### 5. Snipmate ### + +任何一个程序员都知道，好的coder写代码，杰出的coder重用代码。[snipmate][9] 可以容易的插入代码片段到你的文件里面，大大的减少了你敲键盘的次数。它默认的有很多各种语言的代码片段，你也可以非常容易的添加你自己。 + +### 6. NERDTree ### + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3899/14332189462_d66b71cf7c_z.jpg) + +管理一个大的项目时，把代码分散到不同的文件里面是非常好的主意。也是一个基本的编码原则。[NERDTree][10] 是一个不错的可以直接在Vim里使用的文件浏览器，它可以让你随时想到所有的文件。 + +### 7. MiniBufferExplorer ### + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3904/14332189492_209a3ee2dc_z.jpg) + +为了打造一个文件浏览器，支持同时打开多个文件，没有什么比一个好的缓冲区管理器更重要了。[MiniBufferExplorer][11] 就可以非常漂亮和高效地完成这个工作。它甚至为你的缓冲区设置了不同的颜色和切换快捷键。 +### 8. Tag List ### + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3889/14147244138_c04731826a_z.jpg) + +当你同时有多个文件打开时，很容易忘了你都在这些文件里添加了什么。为了防止你忘记，[Tag List][12] 这个代码查看器将会用一种漂亮简洁的格式展示不同的变量和函数。 +### 9. undotree ### + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2913/14354095453_8bb87a3e31_z.jpg) + +对于我们之中那些喜欢undo，redo然后又undo某些更改，然后依据这些来查看整个编辑完成过程的人来说， [undotree][13] 是一个不错插件，可以以一棵树的形式看到你的undo和redo历史。这个功能跟代码完全没有关系，所以这是我非常喜欢的一个插件。 +### 10. gdbmgr ### + +最后，但并非不重要的是，每个人都在某时刻需要一个调试器。如果你喜欢gdb，那么[gbdmgr][14]就是为你准备的，因为它集成了那个著名的调试器到Vim中。 + +总结一下，不管你是不是一个疯狂的coder，能有一些额外的Vim功能在手总是非常方便的。像我在简介里说到的，如果你不需要，你不用安装这里所有的这些插件。或者你想要安装另外的也行，这些其实只是一个基础入门级的插件。 + +你在用Vim的什么插件？或者你想完善这个前10列表么？请在评论里告诉我们吧。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/06/turn-vim-full-fledged-ide.html + +译者：[love_daisy_love](https://github.com/CNprober) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=213 +[2]:http://eclim.org/ +[3]:https://github.com/tpope/vim-pathogen +[4]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14332189422/ +[5]:https://github.com/ervandew/supertab +[6]:https://github.com/scrooloose/syntastic +[7]:https://github.com/jiangmiao/auto-pairs +[8]:https://github.com/scrooloose/nerdcommenter +[9]:https://github.com/garbas/vim-snipmate +[10]:https://github.com/scrooloose/nerdtree +[11]:http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=159 +[12]:http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=273 +[13]:https://github.com/mbbill/undotree +[14]:http://vim.sourceforge.net/scripts/script.php?script_id=4104 \ No newline at end of file From 168b5b363de7527857598e2dff679f223d1961f6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: recNeps Date: Sun, 8 Jun 2014 22:13:13 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 489/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=88=A0=E9=99=A4=E5=8E=9F=E6=96=87?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...How to turn Vim into a full-fledged IDE.md | 88 ------------------- 1 file changed, 88 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/talk/20140607 How to turn Vim into a full-fledged IDE.md diff --git a/sources/talk/20140607 How to turn Vim into a full-fledged IDE.md b/sources/talk/20140607 How to turn Vim into a full-fledged IDE.md deleted file mode 100644 index b1a34f93c3..0000000000 --- a/sources/talk/20140607 How to turn Vim into a full-fledged IDE.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,88 +0,0 @@ -CNprober 翻译中... -How to turn Vim into a full-fledged IDE -================================================================================ -If you code a little, you know how handy an Integrated Development Environment (IE) can be. Java, C, Python, they all become a lot more accessible when the IDE software is checking the syntax for you, compiling in the background, or importing the libraries you need. On the other hand, if you are on Linux, you might also know how handy Vim can be when it comes to text editing. So naturally, you would like to get all the features of an IDE from Vim. - -In fact, there are quite a few ways to do so. One could think of [c.vim][1] which attempts to transform Vim into a C oriented IDE, or [Eclim][2] which merges Vim into Eclipse. However, I would like to propose you a more generalist approach using only plugins. You do not want to bloat your editor with too many panels or features. Instead, the plugin approach lets you choose what you put into your Vim. As a bonus, the result will not be language-specific, allowing you to code in anything. So here is my **top 10 list of plugins which brings IDE features to Vim**. - -### Bonus: Pathogen ### - -First of all, we might not all be familiar with plugins for Vim, and how to install them. This is why the first plugin that I recommend is Pathogen, as it will allow you to install other plugins more easily. That way, if you want to install another plugin for Vim not listed here, you will be able to do so easily. The [official page][3] is really well documented, so go visit it to download and install. From there installing the rest of the plugins will be easy. - -### 1. SuperTab ### - -[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5158/14332189422_34aeb086ed_z.jpg)][4] - -The first thing we get used to in an IDE is auto-completion feature. For that, I like the plugin [SuperTab][5] which comes in quite handy, giving "super powers" to the tabulation key. - -### 2. Syntastic ### - -![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3894/14354095583_ce9b112b97_z.jpg) - -If you tend to code in more than one language, it is really easy to confuse the syntax at some point. Hopefully, [syntastic][6] will check it for you, and tell you if should put brackets or parentheses for that conditional, or remind you that you forgot a semi-colon somewhere. - -### 3. Auto Pairs ### - -Another thing that drives most of the coders insane: did I write this last parenthesis or not?! Everyone hates counting with your finger all the parentheses you put so far. To deal with that, I use [Auto Pairs][7], which automatically inserts and formats parentheses and brackets. - -### 4. NERD Commenter ### - -Then if you are looking for a quick shortcut to comment code, regardless of the programming language, you can turn to [NERD Commenter][8]. Even if you are not a programmer, I really really recommend this plugin as it just so efficient while commenting bash scripts or anything in your system. - -### 5. Snipmate ### - -Any programmer knows that a good coders codes, but an excellent one reuses. For that, [snipmate][9] will easily insert code snippets into your file and greatly reduce your typing. It comes by default with a lot of snippets for various languages, but you can also easily add yours to the list. - -### 6. NERDTree ### - -![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3899/14332189462_d66b71cf7c_z.jpg) - -To manage a big project, it is always a good idea to split the code into different files. Just basic good coding practices. And to keep all this files in mind, [NERDTree][10] is a nice file browser to use straight from Vim. - -### 7. MiniBufferExplorer ### - -![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3904/14332189492_209a3ee2dc_z.jpg) - -To complement a file explorer, there is nothing better than a good buffer manager to have more than one file open at any time. [MiniBufferExplorer][11] does the job well and efficiently. It even sets different colors for your buffers as well as easy shortcuts to switch the focus. - -### 8. Tag List ### - -![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3889/14147244138_c04731826a_z.jpg) - -When you have more than one file open at any given time, it is easy to forget what you put in them. To prevent that, [Tag List][12] is a code visualizer that will display the different variables and functions written in a nice compact format. - -### 9. undotree ### - -![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2913/14354095453_8bb87a3e31_z.jpg) - -For all of us who like to undo, redo, and undo again some modifications to see how the compilation evolves, [undotree][13] is a nice plugin to see your undo and redo edits in a tree. This kind of functionality is clearly not limited to code, so this is a plugin that I like a lot. - -### 10. gdbmgr ### - -Finally, last but not least, anyone needs a good debugger at some point. If you like gdb, then [gdbmgr][14] is for you as it integrates the famous debugger to Vim. - -To conclude, whether you are an insane coder or not, it is always handy to have a few extra functions of Vim at hand at any time. Like I said in the introduction, you do not have to install all these plugins if you do not need them, or you might want to install different ones. But this is definitely a solid basis. - -What plugins do you use for Vim? Or how would you complement this top 10? Please let us know in the comments. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/06/turn-vim-full-fledged-ide.html - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=213 -[2]:http://eclim.org/ -[3]:https://github.com/tpope/vim-pathogen -[4]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14332189422/ -[5]:https://github.com/ervandew/supertab -[6]:https://github.com/scrooloose/syntastic -[7]:https://github.com/jiangmiao/auto-pairs -[8]:https://github.com/scrooloose/nerdcommenter -[9]:https://github.com/garbas/vim-snipmate -[10]:https://github.com/scrooloose/nerdtree -[11]:http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=159 -[12]:http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=273 -[13]:https://github.com/mbbill/undotree -[14]:http://vim.sourceforge.net/scripts/script.php?script_id=4104 \ No newline at end of file From f6585f8faf760586634762fc64e86299f601ff10 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: limox Date: Sun, 8 Jun 2014 22:21:50 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 490/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90?= =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BB=A5=E5=8F=8A=E5=88=A0=E9=99=A4?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md | 45 ------------------- ...20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md | 42 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 42 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md create mode 100644 translated/news/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md diff --git a/sources/news/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md b/sources/news/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md deleted file mode 100644 index 193a398a78..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,45 +0,0 @@ -alim0x translating - -Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down -================================================================================ -**Ubuntu One is now formally in shut-down. You have until July 31 to grab your files or they will be lost forever. ** - -Canonical announced that it [was axing the service earlier this year][1], citing a lack of paid users and increased competition from Google, Dropbox and other cloud storage services as chief factors in making the decision. - -Attempting to access the web dashboard of Ubuntu One throws up the following notice informing users that the service has been discontinued: - -![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/ubuntu-one-not.png) - -Earlier this month an update was pushed to Ubuntu 12.04 LTS to inform users that Ubuntu One would shortly be removed from the desktop, while Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, released in April, ships without Ubuntu One preinstalled. - -### Get Your Data ### - -To grab all your data as a **.zip** file you simply need to log in and hit the orange button positioned under the main notice. - -Canonical has also partnered with cloud storage migration service [mover.io][2] to allow direct importing of files from Ubuntu One to other services, such as Dropbox, Google Drive and Copy. - -Mover, who describe Ubuntu One as “…a world class file sync and share product”, is offering its data transfer service to Ubuntu One users for free, although it does require an account to be created. The company normally only allows ‘free’ plan users to transfer 2GB data. - -For more details on migrating your data to Google Drive through mover.io you can refer to the following knowledge base article. - -- [Transfer from Ubuntu One to Google Drive][3] - -### Refunds ### - -For those of you who had ponied up cash for extra storage on this or the Ubuntu One Music service, Canonical told us you can expect to receive a refund within the next 7–10 days. - -注：下面的那个链接地址在另外一篇文章中，如果也翻译发布了，可以链接到发布的文章里 -If you’re looking for an Ubuntu One alternative check [out our round up of the most popular][4] cloud services used by our readers. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/06/ubuntu-one-discontinued-grab-files-now - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/canonical-axe-ubuntu-one-file-music-services-grab-data-now -[2]:http://mover.io/ -[3]:http://support.mover.io/knowledgebase/articles/346927-how-to-transfer-from-ubuntu-one-to-google-drive -[4]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/three-alternatives-ubuntu-one diff --git a/translated/news/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md b/translated/news/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dc054103c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +Ubuntu One服务正式关闭 +================================================================================ +**Ubuntu One服务现已正式关闭。在7月31日之前你还能够获取你存储的文件，否则它们将被永远删除。** + +Canonical在今年早些时候宣布[将会关闭这项服务][1],理由是缺乏付费用户以及和Google，Dropbox以及其它云存储服务日益增加的竞争，这是他们作出这个决定的首要原因。 + +在尝试登录Ubuntu One控制面板的时候会显示下图所示的通知来提醒用户服务已经中止： + +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/ubuntu-one-not.png) + +本月早些时候Ubuntu 12.04 LTS收到了一个推送更新，提醒用户Ubuntu One不久后将会被从桌面移除，至于Ubuntu 14.04 LTS，在四月发布时就已没有预装Ubuntu One。 + +### 获取你的数据 ### + +要将你的数据以**.zip**文件的形式下载下来，你只需登录，然后点击在通知下方的橙色按钮。 + +Canonical也和云存储迁移服务商[mover.io][2]达成合作，允许用户直接从Ubuntu One向其它服务，比如Dropbox，Google Drive以及Copy导入文件。 + +Mover，一个将Ubuntu One形容为“...一个世界级的文件同步及分享产品”的云存储迁移服务商，现向Ubuntu One用户免费提供数据迁移服务，尽管它需要用户创建一个账户。该公司通常只允许免费用户迁移最多2GB的数据。 + +向了解通过mover.io将你的数据迁移到Google Drive的更多细节，请查阅下列知识库文章。 + +- [从Ubuntu One向Google Drive迁移][3] + +### 关于退款 ### + +对于那些已经为额外存储空间以及Ubuntu One音乐服务付费的用户，Canonical告知这些用户将会在接下来7到10天内收到退款。 + +如果你正在寻找Ubuntu One的替代服务，可以查看我们总结的[读者中使用的最流行的云服务][4]。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/06/ubuntu-one-discontinued-grab-files-now + +译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/canonical-axe-ubuntu-one-file-music-services-grab-data-now +[2]:http://mover.io/ +[3]:http://support.mover.io/knowledgebase/articles/346927-how-to-transfer-from-ubuntu-one-to-google-drive +[4]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/three-alternatives-ubuntu-one From 6cec8fb5d4a00a505f5d681fe3f73fc85d6f1272 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Mon, 9 Jun 2014 08:32:27 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 491/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9A20140607=20U?= =?UTF-8?q?buntu=20One=20Formally=20Shuts=20Down?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @alim0x 发布了 --- .../20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) rename {translated/news => published}/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md (91%) diff --git a/translated/news/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md b/published/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md similarity index 91% rename from translated/news/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md rename to published/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md index dc054103c9..fcc13acc67 100644 --- a/translated/news/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md +++ b/published/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Canonical在今年早些时候宣布[将会关闭这项服务][1],理由是缺 Canonical也和云存储迁移服务商[mover.io][2]达成合作，允许用户直接从Ubuntu One向其它服务，比如Dropbox，Google Drive以及Copy导入文件。 -Mover，一个将Ubuntu One形容为“...一个世界级的文件同步及分享产品”的云存储迁移服务商，现向Ubuntu One用户免费提供数据迁移服务，尽管它需要用户创建一个账户。该公司通常只允许免费用户迁移最多2GB的数据。 +Mover，一个云存储迁移服务商，它盛誉Ubuntu One为“...一个世界级的文件同步及分享产品”，现向Ubuntu One用户免费提供数据迁移服务，尽管它需要用户创建一个账户。该公司通常只允许免费用户迁移最多2GB的数据。 向了解通过mover.io将你的数据迁移到Google Drive的更多细节，请查阅下列知识库文章。 @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Mover，一个将Ubuntu One形容为“...一个世界级的文件同步及分 via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/06/ubuntu-one-discontinued-grab-files-now -译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From c975a7cd5271398ca555823e9d0c284d42b1a55d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Mon, 9 Jun 2014 09:29:25 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 492/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9A20140607=20N?= =?UTF-8?q?ew=20OpenSSL=20breach=20is=20no=20Heartbleed-but=20needs=20to?= =?UTF-8?q?=20be=20taken=20seriously?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @stduolc --- ...rtbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md | 58 +++++++++++++++++++ ...rtbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md | 58 ------------------- 2 files changed, 58 insertions(+), 58 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/20140607 New OpenSSL breach is no Heartbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md delete mode 100644 translated/talk/20140607 New OpenSSL breach is no Heartbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md diff --git a/published/20140607 New OpenSSL breach is no Heartbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md b/published/20140607 New OpenSSL breach is no Heartbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..733881d0e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20140607 New OpenSSL breach is no Heartbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +新的OpenSSL分支未包含Heartbleed漏洞，但需要认真看待 +================================================================================ +> 摘要：当被最新的OpenSSL安全问题困扰时，你最好解决它，虽然它并不像Heartbleed那样糟糕。 + +这一周对于开源的Secure Socket Layer （SSL）来说真是糟糕的一周。 + +首先，[GnuTLS低调的宣称，存在一个不大][1]但确实存在的缺陷。然后，大范围流行的OpenSSL被发现包含一个[中间人漏洞][2]。在[Heartbleed漏洞][3]惨剧后，OpenSSL要醒醒了。 + +![](http://cdn-static.zdnet.com/i/r/story/70/00/030273/openssl-200x55.png?hash=MwyxMwt0MJ&upscale=1) + +这个漏洞，根据谷歌高级软件工程师Adam Langley描述，已经[至少存在了15年时间][4]。可惜Core Infrastructure Initiative(CII)[提供了让更多的程序员来拯救OpenSSL的资金][5]，却尚未来得及发挥作用。 + +也就是说这个漏洞依然是和Heartbleed漏洞一样糟糕。对于一些新手，攻击者需要在系统和浏览器或其它启用了SSL的客户端之间来利用这个安全漏洞。 + +尽管它只是可能被利用，你依然需要尽可能快的通过升级来解决这个漏洞。就像[NTT Com Security][6]的评估服务负责人Chris Camejo在邮件采访里说的，“这很糟糕，因为已经存在了这么长的时间，看起来传播范围相当广泛。” + +他补充到：“如果利用它，攻击者可以解密流量。从SSL的设计目的看，这是一个很严重的问题。SSL被广泛地用来在网站和邮件中保护很多的密码，信用卡卡号和其他的敏感信息。” + +在另外一个采访中，Red Hat的产品安全高级负责人Mark Cox详细深入地介绍了[细节][7]。Cox说，OpenSSL已修正了一些安全缺陷，但是我们需要想办法告诉人们不要因为Heartbleed而陷入恐慌。 + +Cox解释说，Heartbleed漏洞在公布之前得到了修补，但利用此漏洞的消息在修补程序之前传开，因此在这个问题上招致了许多抱怨。最新的情况，已有七个安全问题得到了修补，但其中只有两项需要管理员和用户的关注。 + +Cox继续说道，第一个，是数据报传输层安全 (DTLS)的bug。到目前为止，还没有已知的攻击，但是存在针对它攻击成功的潜在性。 + +因此，虽然DTLS使用不广泛，如果您确实在使用它，它应尽快修补。 + +Cox然后说，“这个问题的实际上是中间人攻击”。实际上，真的要有个“在中间的”人，来利用易受攻击的服务器和客户端之间的漏洞。 + +但如果有人真的这样做到了，他们就能“绕过SSL并拿到原始数据...这是一个相当严重的问题”。 + +但是，如同从理论上讲任何人都可以利用Heartbleed漏洞来攻击SSL服务器。攻击并利用此漏洞需要能接触到客户端和服务器之间的通信网络。例如，成功的攻击可能需要架设一个假的公开Wi-Fi接入点，才能攻击到使用这个WIFI的Android版本的Chrome网络浏览器与未安装修补程序的Web服务器之间的SSL通讯。幸运的是，谷歌[已经发布了更新的版本的浏览器][8]，35.0.1916.141，以消除此问题。 + +Cox继续说，最易受攻击的系统是未安装修补程序的Android设备使用一个假的Wi-Fi接入点。Morrell补充说因为Android用户并没有被他们的手机供应商和电信公司重视，安全漏洞更新前他们可能会受漏洞影响相当长的时间。 + +幸运的是，如果他们用连接的服务器已经更新，他们也不会受到攻击。 + +OpenSSL安全社区自5月初以来已经知道这个问题。社区与Red Hat、其他主要Linux和开源社团和硬件供应商，要解决这个问题，不只是简单修补bug，而且要测试修复，以便他们可以确认漏洞已经修复，大家都已经安全了，而没有引入任何新的安全问题，并可在大多数 OpenSSL服务器和客户端的组合上工作。 + +现在，这个补丁已经有了，OpenSSL试着通过补丁解决安全缺陷，向公众表明对这些问题不必有任何不必要的恐慌。Cox补充说，主要的Linux供应商，如Red Hat和Ubuntu，已经有可用的修补程序。 + +所有的管理员都需要给服务器下载并安装补丁，而不是放任安全漏洞。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.zdnet.com/new-openssl-breech-is-no-heartbleed-but-needs-to-be-taken-seriously-7000030273/ + +译者：[lolipop](https://github.com/stduolc) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.zdnet.com/another-serious-gnutls-bug-exposes-linux-clients-to-server-attacks-7000030205 +[2]:http://www.zdnet.com/openssl-fixes-another-severe-vulnerability-7000030253/ +[3]:http://www.zdnet.com/heartbleed-serious-openssl-zero-day-vulnerability-revealed-7000028166 +[4]:https://www.imperialviolet.org/2014/06/05/earlyccs.html +[5]:http://www.zdnet.com/corporations-put-their-cash-where-their-open-source-security-is-7000030023/ +[6]:http://www.nttcomsecurity.com/us/ +[7]:http://ec.libsyn.com/p/6/a/5/6a58036510bae37c/CloudEvangelistPodcast_Ep92_MarkCox.mp3?d13a76d516d9dec20c3d276ce028ed5089ab1ce3dae902ea1d06c88537d1ce596fdc&c_id=7251647) +[8]:http://googlechromereleases.blogspot.com/2014/06/chrome-for-android-update.html \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/talk/20140607 New OpenSSL breach is no Heartbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md b/translated/talk/20140607 New OpenSSL breach is no Heartbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6575ad600c..0000000000 --- a/translated/talk/20140607 New OpenSSL breach is no Heartbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,58 +0,0 @@ -新的OpenSSL分支未包含Heartbleed漏洞，但需要认证看待 -================================================================================ -> 摘要：当被最新的OpenSSL安全问题困扰时，你最好解决它，虽然它并不像Heartbleed那样糟糕。 - -这一周对于开源团队Secure Socket Layer （SSL）的程序员们来说真是糟糕的一周。 - -首先，[GnuTLS][1]晦涩的表明，存在一个不太重要可很糟糕的缺陷。然后，大范围流行的OpenSSL被发现包含一个[中间人漏洞][2]。在[Heartbleed漏洞][3]惨剧后，OpenSSL需要这个来给自己醒醒脑。 - -![](http://cdn-static.zdnet.com/i/r/story/70/00/030273/openssl-200x55.png?hash=MwyxMwt0MJ&upscale=1) - -这个漏洞，根据谷歌高级软件工程师Adam Langley描述，已经[至少存在了15年时间][4]。可惜Core Infrastructure Initiative(CII)领导下的OpenSSL的修补人员获得了[更多的资金][5]，却没能更早的修复他。 - -也就是说这个漏洞依然是和Heartbleed漏洞一样糟糕。对于一些新手，攻击者需要在浏览器和启用了SSL客户端的程序之间来利用这个安全漏洞。 - -尽管它可能被利用，你依然需要尽可能快的通过升级来解决这个漏洞。就像[NTT Com Security][6]的评估服务负责人Chris Camejo在邮件会议里说的，“它很糟糕因为已经存在了这么长的时间，看起来传播范围相当广泛。” - -他补充到：“如果利用它，将使攻击者解密流量。从SSL的设计目的看，这是一个很严重的问题，同时SSL被用来保护很多的密码，信用卡卡号和其他的和网站类似的敏感数据的email连接。” - -在一次单独采访中，Red Hat的产品安全高级负责人Mark Cox详细深入地介绍了[细节][7]。Cox说，OpenSSL已修正了一些安全缺陷，但鉴于我们需要想办法告诉人们不要因为Heartbleed而陷入恐慌。 - -Cox解释说，Heartbleed漏洞在公布之前得到了修补，但利用此漏洞的消息在修补程序之前传开，因此在这个问题上有那么多的抱怨。最新的情况，已有七个安全问题得到了修补，但其中只有两项需要管理员和用户的关注。 - -第一，Cox继续说道，是数据报传输层安全 (DTLS)的bug。到目前为止，还没有已知的攻击，但是存在针对它攻击成功的潜在性。 - -因此，虽然DTLS使用不广泛，如果您确实在使用它，它应尽快修补。 - -Cox然后说,"这个问题的实际上是中间人攻击"。甚至在此，为这项工作，真的有人必须是"在中间的"，来利用易受攻击的服务器和客户端之间的漏洞。 - -但如果有人可以这样做，他们能"绕过SSL并拿到原始数据...这是一个相当严重的问题"。 - -但是，从理论上讲任何人都可以利用Heartbleed漏洞来攻击SSL服务器。攻击并利用此漏洞需要能接触到客户端和服务器之间的通信网络。例如，成功的攻击可能会作出与假咖啡屋Wi-Fi接入点，被用于连接的Android版本的Chrome网络浏览器和一个未安装修补程序的Web服务器。幸运的是，谷歌[已经发布了更新的版本的浏览器][8]，35.0.1916.141，以消除此问题。 - -Cox，最易受攻击的系统是未安装修补程序的Android设备使用一个假的Wi-Fi热点。Morrell补充说因为Android用户在他们的手机供应商和电信公司面前属于弱势，安全漏洞更新前他们可能会受漏洞影响相当长的时间。 - -幸运的是，如果他们用连接的服务器已经更新，他们仍然不会受到攻击。 - -OpenSSL安全社区自5月初以来已经知道这个问题。工作组与Red Hat、其他主要Linux和开源组和硬件供应商，不只是简单修补bug就面对了很多麻烦，但采取下一步骤是测试修复，这样他们可以确认（如任何人都可以在安全） 它会修复漏洞，但也不引入任何新的安全问题并可在大多数 OpenSSL服务器和客户端的组合上工作。 - -现在，该修补补丁就在那里，OpenSSL想巩固事实，以及修补补丁，向公众表明对这些问题不必有任何不必要的恐慌。Cox添加主要的Linux供应商，如Red Hat和Ubuntu，已经有可用的修补程序。 - -所有的管理员需要做的是对所有服务器都要下载并安装补丁，而不是证明安全危机然后这将业务照常进行。 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.zdnet.com/new-openssl-breech-is-no-heartbleed-but-needs-to-be-taken-seriously-7000030273/ - -译者：[lolipop](https://github.com/stduolc) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.zdnet.com/another-serious-gnutls-bug-exposes-linux-clients-to-server-attacks-7000030205 -[2]:http://www.zdnet.com/openssl-fixes-another-severe-vulnerability-7000030253/ -[3]:http://www.zdnet.com/heartbleed-serious-openssl-zero-day-vulnerability-revealed-7000028166 -[4]:https://www.imperialviolet.org/2014/06/05/earlyccs.html -[5]:http://www.zdnet.com/corporations-put-their-cash-where-their-open-source-security-is-7000030023/ -[6]:http://www.nttcomsecurity.com/us/ -[7]:http://ec.libsyn.com/p/6/a/5/6a58036510bae37c/CloudEvangelistPodcast_Ep92_MarkCox.mp3?d13a76d516d9dec20c3d276ce028ed5089ab1ce3dae902ea1d06c88537d1ce596fdc&c_id=7251647) -[8]:http://googlechromereleases.blogspot.com/2014/06/chrome-for-android-update.html \ No newline at end of file From c04871134682b4b77c9a7cdb0edf64265e124e5a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Vic___ Date: Mon, 9 Jun 2014 12:39:17 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 493/601] Update 20140607 How To Install iCup 2014 In Linux.md --- sources/tech/20140607 How To Install iCup 2014 In Linux.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140607 How To Install iCup 2014 In Linux.md b/sources/tech/20140607 How To Install iCup 2014 In Linux.md index a1e8689a1c..7e411544c8 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140607 How To Install iCup 2014 In Linux.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140607 How To Install iCup 2014 In Linux.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +Vic020 How To Install iCup 2014 In Linux ================================================================================ ![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/icup2014-790x389.png) @@ -30,4 +31,4 @@ via: http://www.unixmen.com/install-icup-2014-linux/ 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 -[1]:http://www.e-link.it/icup/brazil2014/icup-brazil-2014-desktop-app.php \ No newline at end of file +[1]:http://www.e-link.it/icup/brazil2014/icup-brazil-2014-desktop-app.php From e74906bb2562fc9005b50a777b1fce23976eb16a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Mon, 9 Jun 2014 16:02:47 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 494/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140609-1=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...valds Releases Linux Kernel 3.15 Stable.md | 34 ++++++++ ...Now Out, Is Based on XBMC 13.1 'Gotham'.md | 40 +++++++++ ...changed its attitude toward open source.md | 81 +++++++++++++++++++ .../20140609 Open Source LDAP Solutions.md | 33 ++++++++ ...ce OS That Rules the Internet of Things.md | 49 +++++++++++ ...m Has USB 3.0 Port In Linux [Quick Tip].md | 31 +++++++ 6 files changed, 268 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/20140609 Linus Torvalds Releases Linux Kernel 3.15 Stable.md create mode 100644 sources/news/20140609 OpenELEC 4.0.4 Now Out, Is Based on XBMC 13.1 'Gotham'.md create mode 100644 sources/talk/20140609 Has Microsoft really changed its attitude toward open source.md create mode 100644 sources/talk/20140609 Open Source LDAP Solutions.md create mode 100644 sources/talk/20140609 Out in the Open--The Little-Known Open Source OS That Rules the Internet of Things.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140609 How To Know If Your System Has USB 3.0 Port In Linux [Quick Tip].md diff --git a/sources/news/20140609 Linus Torvalds Releases Linux Kernel 3.15 Stable.md b/sources/news/20140609 Linus Torvalds Releases Linux Kernel 3.15 Stable.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..eb9b250090 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20140609 Linus Torvalds Releases Linux Kernel 3.15 Stable.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +Linus Torvalds Releases Linux Kernel 3.15 Stable +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Linus-Torvalds-Releases-Linux-Kernel-3-15-Stable-445785-2.jpg) + +**Linus Torvalds has just announced that the final version in the new Linux kernel 3.15 branch has been released and is now available for download.** + +Linux kernel 3.15 arrived a little early than anticipated, but it looks like the final build is on track and that Linus Torvalds managed to launch it with all the bells and whistles + +“So I ended up doing an rc8 because I was a bit worried about some last-minute dcache fixes, but it turns out that nobody seemed to even notice those. We did have other issues during the week, though, so it was just as well. The futex fixes and cleanups may stand out, but as usual there's various other random fixes since rc8 in there too: mainly drivers (drm, networking, sound, usb etc), networking, scheduling and perf tooling.” + +“But it's all been fairly small and quiet, which *may* of course be due to the fact that last week was also the first week of the merge window for 3.16. That might have distracted some developers. I'm not entirely convinced I liked the overlap, but it seemed to work ok, and unless people scream really loudly (‘Please don't _ever_ do that again’) and give good reasons for doing so, I might end up doing that overlapping merge window in the future too if it ends up helping out with some particular timing issue,” said Linus Torvalds in the official announcement. + +According to the changelog, Netgear AirCard 341U support has been added, additional Sierra Wireless QMI devices are now supported, support has been added for Novatel E371 PCIe card, page table updates have been implemented for Radeon, C0 tracking has been removed, beacon filtering has been disabled, inet_getid() and ipv6_select_ident() bugs have been fixed, corrupted path strings for long paths have been repaired, NovaTech OrionLXm product ID has been added, and mux settling delay has been added. + +Also, list/memory corruption on the CPU hotplug has been fixed, the missing support of 10mbit in emac/rgmii has been added, runtime dependencies have been set, support for iPad 2 and iPad 3 has been added, EFI_MIXED should not prohibit loading above 4G, a kernel panic caused by a non-linear skb has been fixed, locking checks are now skipped in the panicking path, and correct available vectors are now received for CPU_disable. + +A complete list of changes, improvements, and fixes can be found in the official [changelog][1]. + +### Download Linux kernel 3.15: ### + +- [tar.xz (3.15)][2][sources] [76 MB] +- [tar.xz (3.14.6)][3][sources] [74.80 MB] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Linus-Torvalds-Releases-Linux-Kernel-3-15-Stable-445785.shtml + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.mail-archive.com/linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org/msg659672.html +[2]:https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.x/linux-3.15.tar.xz +[3]:https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.x/linux-3.14.6.tar.xz \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/news/20140609 OpenELEC 4.0.4 Now Out, Is Based on XBMC 13.1 'Gotham'.md b/sources/news/20140609 OpenELEC 4.0.4 Now Out, Is Based on XBMC 13.1 'Gotham'.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3fb1588714 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20140609 OpenELEC 4.0.4 Now Out, Is Based on XBMC 13.1 'Gotham'.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +OpenELEC 4.0.4 Now Out, Is Based on XBMC 13.1 “Gotham” +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/OpenELEC-4-0-4-Is-Out-and-Based-on-XBMC-13-1-quot-Gotham-quot-445802-2.jpg) + +**OpenELEC 4.0.4, an embedded operating system built specifically to run XBMC, the open source entertainment media hub, is out and uses XBMC 13.1 as a base.** + +The OpenELEC makers are following the XBMC development cycle very closely and they have released a new version of their distribution, 4.0.4. It comes packed with all the goodies from XBMC 13.1 “Gotham” and the devs have made some changes of their own. + +“This release includes some bugfixes, security fixes and improvements since OpenELEC-4.0.3. Besides the usual bugfixes and package updates we updated XBMC with the last fixes to XBMC 13.1 (final) which contains a lot of fixes for issues found after the XBMC-13.0 release (some of them we already shipped with OpenELEC-4.0.0).” + +“We found and fixed with the help of ‘popcornmix’ some RaspberryPi related issues in kernel, firmware and XBMC code. Many thanks to him for the help! OpenELEC-4.0.4 is now the next stable release, which is a bugfix and securityfix release of the OpenELEC-4.0 series,” said the developers on the official website. + +OpenELEC 4.0.3 features some pretty interesting updates and fixes. For example, e2fsprogs has been updated to version 1.42.10, bluez has been updated to version 5.19, fontconfig is now at version 2.11.1, systemd 213 has been integrated by default, gnutls 3.2.12 has been added to fix some security problems, and a new Linux kernel, 3.14.5, has been implemented. + +Also, the DVB-T2 support for GeniaTech T220 / August T210 devices has been fixed, support has been added to disable WOL for broken drivers, “e1000e” has been added as broken driver, and the RPi support patch has been updated. + +If you already have an older version of OpenELEC, you might consider upgrading the system instead of installing it from scratch. This can be done safely if the OS is at least at version 3.2. + +If you try to update from an older version of the operating system you might find that some of the plugins and add-ons are no longer working. It's also advisable to back up the system before attempting an upgrade. + +XBMC 13.1 “Gotham,” the distribution used as a base, comes with Android hardware decoding, various Raspberry Pi and Android speed improvements, stereoscopic 3D Rendering, better touchscreen support, improved UPnP capabilities, lots of audio engine improvements, better subtitle searches, extended Python and JSON-RPC API for developers, FFmpeg 1.2, and much more. + +Check out the official [announcement][1] for a complete list of changes and improvements. + +### Download the latest OpenELEC 4.0.4: ### + +- [OpenELEC 4.0.4 (tar.bz2) 64-bit][2][binary] [145 MB] +- [OpenELEC 4.0.4 (tar.bz2) 32-bit][3][binary] [142 MB] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/OpenELEC-4-0-4-Is-Out-and-Based-on-XBMC-13-1-quot-Gotham-quot-445802.shtml + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://openelec.tv/news/22-releases/129-openelec-4-0-4-released +[2]:http://openelec.tv/get-openelec/download/viewdownload/8/339 +[3]:http://openelec.tv/get-openelec/download/viewdownload/8/338 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/talk/20140609 Has Microsoft really changed its attitude toward open source.md b/sources/talk/20140609 Has Microsoft really changed its attitude toward open source.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6d923b1e20 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20140609 Has Microsoft really changed its attitude toward open source.md @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +Has Microsoft really changed its attitude toward open source? +================================================================================ +> **In today's open source roundup: Microsoft may or may not have a new attitude toward open source. Plus: Android versus Windows, and Cinnamon versus Unity in Ubuntu 14.04** + +Microsoft became infamous for its very negative early remarks about open source software. But restructuring at the company may be giving it a more positive attitude toward open source. CNet reports on changes in Microsoft's perceptions and behavior when it comes to open source software. + +> According to [CNet][1]: +> +> But Microsoft's feud with open source has been sputtering for quite some time, and the senior managers who led the anti-open source charge are gone from the scene -- or at least no longer in positions of authority. Open source is now routinely used by corporations around the world, and the company's sniffy put-downs only fed into the perception of Microsoft as out of touch. +> +> Some of that new thinking reflects the change at the top of the corporate pyramid, with Satya Nadella replacing Ballmer as CEO in early February. Since taking over, Nadella has talked up his vision of a Microsoft whose future isn't shackled to its Windows past. +> +> [More at CNet][2] +> +> ![](http://www.itworld.com/sites/default/files/microsoft-open-source-communist_1.jpg) +> +> Microsoft and Communist Open Source +> Image credit: [Curako's Blog][3] + +Okay, I hate to be a Negative Ned here, but I'm firmly in the "trust but verify" camp when it comes to Microsoft and open source. Yes, a new CEO and other changes may be helping Microsoft to adjust to living in an open source world. But change never comes easy or fast in such a large organization, so I think the jury is still out on whether or not Microsoft has really changed for the better when it comes to open source software. + +Also, I've never forgotten the company's "embrace, extend, extinguish" strategy that they used in the past to destroy competitive software products. That alone is reason enough to keep a wary eye on Microsoft's involvement with any open source project. Perhaps the company really has changed, but maybe it hasn't. I think it bears watching for at least another few years to see if enduring change has really set in or not. + +### Android versus Windows ### + +ZDNet has an article that covers the top end-user Linux distributions. It notes that Windows still rules the desktop for now, but Android may eventually be the big kahuna among end-user operating systems by the end of this year. + +> According to [ZDNet][4]: +> +> If smartphones and tablet sales continue to grow as expected, Android tablet vendors continue to erode Apple's market share, and PCs continue their decline, Android may end up being the top end-user operating system by the end of 2014—regardless of what happens with the proposed Android PCs. +> +> Taken as a whole, Android clearly rules the Linux end-user space. No, you may not think of it as a desktop yet —although AMD and Intel would both like you to change your mind about that — but Android is on its way to being the top end-user operating system of all. +> +> [More at ZDNet][4] +> +> ![](http://www.itworld.com/sites/default/files/android-devices-versus-windows-pcs.jpg) +> Image credit: [ZDNet][4] + +The numbers mentioned in the article aren't really a surprise, given the mobile revolution that's happened over the last ten years. The desktop just isn't as important as it used to be, and Microsoft just never really mattered in mobile devices. Even now, as they struggle desperately for traction in tablets and phones, Microsoft is still mostly irrelevant in the mobile devices market. + +Google has wreaked absolute havoc on Microsoft's efforts in mobile and is now beginning to be a threat to Microsoft in the desktop market. Between Chrome OS and Android, Google has been battering Microsoft on a number of fronts. If you look at Amazon's list of [top selling desktops][5] and [top selling laptops][6], you see plenty of Chrome OS computers and even some Android PCs. So people are actually buying alternatives to Windows computers and aren't bothered in the least by it. + +### Cinnamon versus Unity in Ubuntu 14.04 ### + +Tech Republic takes a look at whether or not Cinnamon is a viable replacement for Unity in Ubuntu 14.04. The article includes instructions on how to install Cinnamon in Ubuntu 14.04. + +> According to [Tech Republic][7]: +> +> If you want a performance-centric desktop that doesn't toss aside feature and customization, Cinnamon is for you. Cinnamon is a straight-forward desktop interface that pretty much anyone can use -- from your IT staff to your grandmother. It really is that easy to use. Cinnamon doesn't surprise you, it doesn't trick you, but it also (in my opinion) doesn't wow you. But that's not what Cinnamon is about. This take on the desktop is all about functionality -- on a standard level. It doesn't break rules, push envelopes, or have new tricks up its sleeve. +> +> Cinnamon is a fairly pedestrian desktop that takes the bits and pieces of what's worked well over the years and cobbles them together into one, well-designed piece. So, if you're okay with using a desktop that looks and feels a bit long in the tooth (but one that functions very, very well), Cinnamon is for you. If you lean towards the bleeding edge of design and prefer a more modern look and feel, Cinnamon will most likely disappoint. +> +> [More at Tech Republic][7] +> +> ![](http://www.itworld.com/sites/default/files/cinnamon-versus-unity-in-ubuntu-1404.jpg) +> +> Image credit: [Tech Republic][7] + +I'll have to weigh in on the side of Cinnamon here. While Unity has its pluses, I have never really been able to warm up to it. Cinnamon is closer to a more traditional desktop interface and that seems to work the best for me. + +But as always, beauty is in the eye of the beholder. The great thing about Linux is that it offers so many different choices. So you really can't go wrong with Unity or Cinnamon, just use whichever one you like best. + +What's your take on all this? Tell me in the comments below. + +The opinions expressed by the author do not necessarily reflect the views of ITworld. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.itworld.com/open-source/421894/has-microsoft-really-changed-its-attitude-toward-open-source + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.cnet.com/news/dead-and-buried-microsofts-holy-war-on-open-source-software/ +[2]:http://www.cnet.com/news/dead-and-buried-microsofts-holy-war-on-open-source-software/ +[3]:http://curako.wordpress.com/2010/12/06/the-uneasy-alliance-free-software-vs-open-source/ +[4]:http://www.zdnet.com/the-five-most-popular-end-user-linux-distributions-7000030058/http://www.zdnet.com/the-five-most-popular-end-user-linux-distributions-7000030058/ +[5]:http://www.amazon.com/Best-Sellers-Electronics-Desktop-Computers/zgbs/electronics/565098/?_encoding=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&linkCode=ur2&tag=fnh-20&linkId=REWXUPB7SQXPDSOL +[6]:http://www.amazon.com/Best-Sellers-Computers-Accessories-Laptop/zgbs/pc/565108/?_encoding=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&linkCode=ur2&tag=fnh-20&linkId=POG3J2CFBHDWBAVL +[7]:http://www.techrepublic.com/article/is-cinnamon-a-worthy-replacement-for-ubuntu-unity/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/talk/20140609 Open Source LDAP Solutions.md b/sources/talk/20140609 Open Source LDAP Solutions.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..53bc7688b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20140609 Open Source LDAP Solutions.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +Open Source LDAP Solutions +================================================================================ +LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) is an application protocol for accessing directory services. It runs on a layer above the TCP/IP stack incorporating simplified encoding methods, and offers a convenient way to connect to, search, and modify Internet directories, specifically X.500-based directory services. It is an open, vendor-neutral, industry standard application protocol. LDAP utilizes a client-server model. + +This protocol is specifically targeted at management applications and browser applications that provide read/write interactive access to directories. + +The main benefit of using an LDAP server is that information for an entire organization can be consolidated into a central repository. LDAP supports Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS), so that sensitive data can be protected. LDAP servers are used for a variety of tasks including, but not limited to, user authentication, machine authentication, user/system groups, asset tracking, organization representation, and application configuration stores. + +To provide an insight into the quality of open source software that is available, we have compiled a list of 5 high quality LDAP solutions. + +Now, let's explore the 5 LDAP solutions at hand. For each title we have compiled its own portal page, a full description with an in-depth analysis of its features, together with links to relevant resources and reviews. + +### LDAP Solutions ### + +- [389 Directory Server][] - Enterprise-class Open Source LDAP server +- [OpenDJ][2] - Cloud Directory for the API Economy +- [OpenLDAP][3] - LDAP suite of applications and development tools +- [freeIPA][4] - Identity/Policy Management +- [ApacheDS][5] - LDAP and Kerberos server written in Java + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140607022012848/LDAPSolutions.html + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://port389.org/ +[2]:http://opendj.forgerock.org/ +[3]:http://www.openldap.org/ +[4]:http://www.freeipa.org/ +[5]:http://directory.apache.org/apacheds/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/talk/20140609 Out in the Open--The Little-Known Open Source OS That Rules the Internet of Things.md b/sources/talk/20140609 Out in the Open--The Little-Known Open Source OS That Rules the Internet of Things.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..22e05f9384 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20140609 Out in the Open--The Little-Known Open Source OS That Rules the Internet of Things.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +Out in the Open: The Little-Known Open Source OS That Rules the Internet of Things +================================================================================ +![](http://www.wired.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Contiki-ipv6-rpl-cooja-simulation.png) +Image: Adnk/[Wikipedia][1] + +You can connect almost anything to a computer network. Light bulbs. Thermostats. Coffee makers. Even badgers. Yes, badgers. + +Badgers spend a lot of time underground, which make it difficult for biologists and zoologists to track their whereabouts and activities. GPS, for example, doesn’t work well underground or in enclosed areas. But about five years ago, University of Oxford researchers Andrew Markham and Niki Trigoni [solved that problem][2] by inventing a wireless tracking system that can work underground. Their system is clever, but they didn’t do it alone. Like many other scientists, they turned to open source to avoid having to rebuild fundamental components from scratch. One building block they used is an open source operating system called [Contiki][3]. + +“Contiki was a real enabler as it allowed us to do rapid prototyping and easily shift between different hardware platforms,” says Markham, now an associate professor at the University of Oxford. + +Contiki isn’t nearly so well-known as Windows or OS X or even Linux, but for more than a decade, it has been the go-to operating system for hackers, academics, and companies building network-connected devices like sensors, trackers, and web-based automation systems. Developers love it because it’s lightweight, it’s free, and it’s mature. It provides a foundation for developers and entrepreneurs eager to bring us all the internet-connected gadgets the internet of things promises, without having to develop the underlying operating system those gadgets will need. + +Perhaps the biggest thing Contiki has going for it is that it’s small. Really small. While Linux requires one megabyte of RAM, Contiki needs just a few kilobytes to run. Its inventor, Adam Dunkels, has managed to fit an entire operating system, including a graphical user interface, networking software, and a web browser into less than 30 kilobytes of space. That makes it much easier to run on small, low powered chips–exactly the sort of things used for connected devices–but it’s also been ported to many older systems like the Apple IIe and the Commodore 64. + +![Adam Dunkels. Photo: Sara Arnald](http://www.wired.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Adam_Dunkels.jpg) +Adam Dunkels. Photo: Sara Arnald + +Contiki will soon face competition from the likes of Microsoft, which recently [announced Windows for the Internet of Things][4]. But while Microsoft’s new operating system will be free for devices less than 9 inches in size, it won’t be open source. And Contiki has an 11-year head start. + +Contiki started in 2003, but its roots stretch to Dunkels’ days as a computer science student at Mälardalen University in Sweden. In 2000, he was working on a project to use wireless sensors to track hockey players’ vital signs and display them on a screen the crowd could see. “We convinced them to have this thing up their nose so we could measure their breathing rates,” Dunkels recalls. + +To make the sensors work correctly, Dunkels had to write software would enable them to interact with a computer network. He called the resulting code [LwIP][5], for “light weight internet protocol.” Although LwIP is still used in many microcontrollers and other products today, Dunkels decided it wasn’t quite lightweight enough. In 2003, he created microIP, which evolved into Contiki. The OS was an immediate hit with researchers and hobbyists, and has in recent years attracted commercial users including [Rad-DX][6] radiation detection devices and [Zolertia][7] noise monitoring system. + +While Nest, the web connected thermostat company [Google acquired for $3.2 billion][8] in January, has come to define the Internet of Things, Dunkels notes that many companies have been using network-connected devices for years in applications including industrial and building automation. “With something like CES you see all the consumer stuff, but there are just so many different aspects of this,” Dunkel says. + +But consumer technology companies are beginning to embrace Contiki as well. The [LiFX][9] “smart light bulb” is using the operating system, for example, as is the Nest competitor [Tado][10]. + +To help support the burgeoning commercial usage of Contiki, Dunkels left his job as a professor at the Swedish Institute of Computer Science and founded [Thingsquare][11], a startup focused on providing a cloud-based back-end for Contiki devices. The idea is to make it easy for developers to connect their hardware devices with smartphones and the web. Thingsquare manages the servers, and provides all the software necessary to manage a device over the web. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.wired.com/2014/06/contiki/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Contiki-ipv6-rpl-cooja-simulation.png +[2]:http://www.cs.ox.ac.uk/projects/WILDSENSING/ +[3]:http://www.contiki-os.org/ +[4]:http://www.wired.com/2014/04/free-windows/ +[5]:https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/lwip/ +[6]:http://www.dtectsystems.com/rad-DX_page.html +[7]:http://zolertia.com/home +[8]:http://www.wired.com/2014/01/googles-3-billion-nest-buy-finally-make-internet-things-real-us/ +[9]:http://lifx.co/ +[10]:http://www.tado.com/de-en/ +[11]:http://www.thingsquare.com/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/20140609 How To Know If Your System Has USB 3.0 Port In Linux [Quick Tip].md b/sources/tech/20140609 How To Know If Your System Has USB 3.0 Port In Linux [Quick Tip].md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..25513f445f --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140609 How To Know If Your System Has USB 3.0 Port In Linux [Quick Tip].md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +How To Know If Your System Has USB 3.0 Port In Linux [Quick Tip] +================================================================================ +Most of the new computers come with USB 3.0 ports these days. But **how can you know if your computer has USB 3.0 port** or not? In this quick tip, we shall see how to find if your system has USB 3 or USB 2 in Linux. + +### Check if you have USB 3.0 in Linux terminal ### + +Open a terminal and use the following command: + + lsusb + +This command displays information about USB buses in your system. Check the result, if you have something like “3.0 root hub”, it means your system has USB 3.0. For example, for my new notebook, it shows: + +![How to find if system has USB 3.0 in Linux](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Know_Usb3_Ubuntu_Linux.jpeg) + +The quick tip will work on all Linux systems such as Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Fedora etc. Now when you know that you have USB 3.0 port, **how can you identify which port is USB 3.0 and which is USB 2**. + +### Identify which port is USB 3.0 ### + +Usually USB 3.0 ports are tagged as SS (abbreviation for Super Speed). If your system manufacturer has not tagged it as SS or USB 3, you can check the interior of the port which should normally be of blue color. + +![find usb 3.0 port](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/usb3.0port.jpg) + +I hope this quick post helped you to find if your system has USB 3.0 or not and then to identify the USB 3.0 port. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://itsfoss.com/find-usb-3-port-linux/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file From c7828aecaaf020f449ee7c55a492fcae3a6a1613 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Mon, 9 Jun 2014 17:39:53 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 495/601] [Translating]20140609 How To Know If Your System Has USB 3.0 Port In Linux [Quick Tip] --- ... If Your System Has USB 3.0 Port In Linux [Quick Tip].md | 6 +++++- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140609 How To Know If Your System Has USB 3.0 Port In Linux [Quick Tip].md b/sources/tech/20140609 How To Know If Your System Has USB 3.0 Port In Linux [Quick Tip].md index 25513f445f..25522a5be2 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140609 How To Know If Your System Has USB 3.0 Port In Linux [Quick Tip].md +++ b/sources/tech/20140609 How To Know If Your System Has USB 3.0 Port In Linux [Quick Tip].md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +Translating-----------geekpi + + + How To Know If Your System Has USB 3.0 Port In Linux [Quick Tip] ================================================================================ Most of the new computers come with USB 3.0 ports these days. But **how can you know if your computer has USB 3.0 port** or not? In this quick tip, we shall see how to find if your system has USB 3 or USB 2 in Linux. @@ -28,4 +32,4 @@ via: http://itsfoss.com/find-usb-3-port-linux/ 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From a77df5614372656768be4d192f62f93ea135a853 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Vic___ Date: Mon, 9 Jun 2014 17:50:20 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 496/601] translated --- ...40607 How To Install iCup 2014 In Linux.md | 35 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140607 How To Install iCup 2014 In Linux.md b/sources/tech/20140607 How To Install iCup 2014 In Linux.md index 7e411544c8..1c11d6f7e8 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140607 How To Install iCup 2014 In Linux.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140607 How To Install iCup 2014 In Linux.md @@ -1,34 +1,33 @@ -Vic020 -How To Install iCup 2014 In Linux +用iCup在linux追世界杯 ================================================================================ ![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/icup2014-790x389.png) -Hi linux geeks, +嗨，Linux 极客们， + +在本文简短的叙述中，我将教你如何在Linux中安装一个非常棒的2014FIFA世界杯APP。这个应用叫iCup，支持Windows，Mac以及伟大的Linux。 -In this short tutorial, I will teach you how to install a very nice app for the 2014 FIFA World Cup in your Linux distribution. The application is called iCup and is available for Windows, Mac and Linux. +我看足球比赛已经有很长的时间了，所以我得我的电脑上安装这样的应用来保持更新2014世界杯的最新情况。我不想在我朋友们面前看起来一无所知。iCup应用正好提供了每一场赛程、比分、球队教练组等信息。更有提供实时比赛更新，给你正在进行的比赛的最新数据。 -It has been a very long time since I have watched a football match so I thought to install this app on my machine to stay updated with the latest statistics on World Cup 2014. I don’t want to look like an ignorant regarding football in front of my friends. The iCup application can provide information on matches schedule, scorers, team coaches and formations of every match. There are also real time updates that give you the latest data during the matches. +### 支持一下功能： ### -### It supports the following features: ### +- 30种语言支持，完全本地化（使用语言菜单选择） +- 可以随意调整窗口大小的独家灵活的界面 +- 可按天、阶段检索的比赛日历 +- 可视化分组 +- 支持自动转变比赛时间来适应本地时间和格式 +- 一键化社交网络发表比赛评论（支持Facebook，Google+和Twitter） +- 支持代理（支持基本认证和摘要认证方法） -- Fully localizable on the fly in about 30 languages (use the language menu into the option panel) -- Exclusive flexible user interface that adapt the data size to the window dimensions -- Searchable matches calendar also groupable by day or stage -- Graphical visualization of groups and 2° stage -- Support for the conversion of the matches dates and time based on your local timezone and your system format. -- Direct linking for commenting the results into your preferred social network (Facebook, Google+ and Twitter) -- Proxy support (basic and digest authentication method supported) +我已经在Ubuntu12.04LTS上测试并且运很好！目前为止，我没有经历过任何错误或崩溃。你可以十分轻松地安装这个很棒的应用，通过[官方网站][1]你可以得到压缩包，然后你可以解压到任何你喜欢的地方。解压完成后，双击iCup 2014 FREE- Brazil运行。 -I have tested it on my Ubuntu 12.04 LTS system and it works great. I have not experienced any errors or crashes so far. You can easily install this great app on your system by grabbing a copy of it on the [official website][1] and then extract the archive on your favourite destination. Once the archive is extracted, double click on iCup 2014 FREE – Brazil and the app will open. - -iCup is very useful to me, I hope you find it useful too. +iCup 对我非常有用，我希你也能享受到。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://www.unixmen.com/install-icup-2014-linux/ -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[Vic020](http://www.vicyu.net) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 -[1]:http://www.e-link.it/icup/brazil2014/icup-brazil-2014-desktop-app.php +[1]:http://www.e-link.it/icup/brazil2014/icup-brazil-2014-desktop-app.php \ No newline at end of file From dccbd213aaea06539d69b75065111a8c675d2caf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Vic___ Date: Mon, 9 Jun 2014 17:52:27 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 497/601] Moved --- .../tech/20140607 How To Install iCup 2014 In Linux.md | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename {sources => translated}/tech/20140607 How To Install iCup 2014 In Linux.md (100%) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140607 How To Install iCup 2014 In Linux.md b/translated/tech/20140607 How To Install iCup 2014 In Linux.md similarity index 100% rename from sources/tech/20140607 How To Install iCup 2014 In Linux.md rename to translated/tech/20140607 How To Install iCup 2014 In Linux.md From 1e35caceb4c189321702caeef8d8970b426c638b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Mon, 9 Jun 2014 18:02:24 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 498/601] [Translated]20140609 How To Know If Your System Has USB 3.0 Port In Linux [Quick Tip] --- ...m Has USB 3.0 Port In Linux [Quick Tip].md | 35 ------------------- ...m Has USB 3.0 Port In Linux [Quick Tip].md | 31 ++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20140609 How To Know If Your System Has USB 3.0 Port In Linux [Quick Tip].md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20140609 How To Know If Your System Has USB 3.0 Port In Linux [Quick Tip].md diff --git a/sources/tech/20140609 How To Know If Your System Has USB 3.0 Port In Linux [Quick Tip].md b/sources/tech/20140609 How To Know If Your System Has USB 3.0 Port In Linux [Quick Tip].md deleted file mode 100644 index 25522a5be2..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20140609 How To Know If Your System Has USB 3.0 Port In Linux [Quick Tip].md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,35 +0,0 @@ -Translating-----------geekpi - - - -How To Know If Your System Has USB 3.0 Port In Linux [Quick Tip] -================================================================================ -Most of the new computers come with USB 3.0 ports these days. But **how can you know if your computer has USB 3.0 port** or not? In this quick tip, we shall see how to find if your system has USB 3 or USB 2 in Linux. - -### Check if you have USB 3.0 in Linux terminal ### - -Open a terminal and use the following command: - - lsusb - -This command displays information about USB buses in your system. Check the result, if you have something like “3.0 root hub”, it means your system has USB 3.0. For example, for my new notebook, it shows: - -![How to find if system has USB 3.0 in Linux](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Know_Usb3_Ubuntu_Linux.jpeg) - -The quick tip will work on all Linux systems such as Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Fedora etc. Now when you know that you have USB 3.0 port, **how can you identify which port is USB 3.0 and which is USB 2**. - -### Identify which port is USB 3.0 ### - -Usually USB 3.0 ports are tagged as SS (abbreviation for Super Speed). If your system manufacturer has not tagged it as SS or USB 3, you can check the interior of the port which should normally be of blue color. - -![find usb 3.0 port](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/usb3.0port.jpg) - -I hope this quick post helped you to find if your system has USB 3.0 or not and then to identify the USB 3.0 port. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://itsfoss.com/find-usb-3-port-linux/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 diff --git a/translated/tech/20140609 How To Know If Your System Has USB 3.0 Port In Linux [Quick Tip].md b/translated/tech/20140609 How To Know If Your System Has USB 3.0 Port In Linux [Quick Tip].md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3cdf02123d --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20140609 How To Know If Your System Has USB 3.0 Port In Linux [Quick Tip].md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +如何在Linux中知道你的系统是否有USB 3.0 端口[快速技巧] +================================================================================ +Most of the new computers come with USB 3.0 ports these days. But **how can you know if your computer has USB 3.0 port** or not? In this quick tip, we shall see how to find if your system has USB 3 or USB 2 in Linux. + +### 在Linux终端中检测是否有USB 3.0 端口 ### + +打开一个终端,并使用下面的命令: + + lsusb + +这个命令会显示你系统下USB的总线信息。检查一下结果，如果你看到像“3.0 root hub”字样，这意味着你系统有USB 3.0。比如，在我的电脑上，它这样显示： + +![How to find if system has USB 3.0 in Linux](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Know_Usb3_Ubuntu_Linux.jpeg) + +这个技巧在所有的Linux系统上，像Ubuntu，Linux Mint，Fedora等等都有效。现在当你知道你有USB 3.0 端口之后，**如何辨别哪个口是USB 3.0,哪个是USB 2.0。 + +### 辨别哪个口是USB 3.0 ### + +通常USB 3.0 口被标记为SS（“Super Speed”的缩写）。如果你的系统制造商没有标记SS或者USB 3,那么你可以检查端口的内部通常是颜色的。 + +![find usb 3.0 port](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/usb3.0port.jpg) + +我希望这个快捷提示能够帮助你知道你系统是否有USB 3.0 并可以分辨出USB 3.0 口 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://itsfoss.com/find-usb-3-port-linux/ + +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From a7ad5a7b969b33182c1f8e0d6d636f3a49c18273 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: limox Date: Mon, 9 Jun 2014 23:38:10 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 499/601] alim0x translating --- ...Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/sources/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md b/sources/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md index 84b7f8b695..615132bfe8 100644 --- a/sources/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md +++ b/sources/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +alim0x translating + Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI ================================================================================ ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Dual_Boot_Windows8_Ubuntu_1404.jpeg) From 36a513296d44ca391a55b5ec8515cf2bec600c37 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Tue, 10 Jun 2014 08:17:30 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 500/601] Update 20140607 Nuvola Player 2.4.0 Released--A Online Cloud Music Player for Linux.md --- ...er 2.4.0 Released--A Online Cloud Music Player for Linux.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140607 Nuvola Player 2.4.0 Released--A Online Cloud Music Player for Linux.md b/sources/tech/20140607 Nuvola Player 2.4.0 Released--A Online Cloud Music Player for Linux.md index 125933403a..eba2ca4d6e 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140607 Nuvola Player 2.4.0 Released--A Online Cloud Music Player for Linux.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140607 Nuvola Player 2.4.0 Released--A Online Cloud Music Player for Linux.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +Translating by GOLinux ... Nuvola Player 2.4.0 Released – A Online Cloud Music Player for Linux ================================================================================ **Nuvola Player** is an open source player that runs cloud music services such as Amazon Cloud Player, Bandcamp, Deezer, 8tracks, Google Play Music, Grooveshark, Hyper Machine and Pandora in its own web interface and provides integration with a Linux desktop. @@ -105,4 +106,4 @@ via: http://www.tecmint.com/install-nuvola-player-in-linux/ 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [1]:http://nuvolaplayer.fenryxo.cz/releases/2.4.html -[2]:https://launchpad.net/nuvola-player/+download \ No newline at end of file +[2]:https://launchpad.net/nuvola-player/+download From dad59a87db9bb7cf9b7b5ca5b1bf1ab144c0dac6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: GOLinux Date: Tue, 10 Jun 2014 09:51:27 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 501/601] Translated:Nuvola Player --- ...--A Online Cloud Music Player for Linux.md | 109 ------------------ ...- A Online Cloud Music Player for Linux.md | 105 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 105 insertions(+), 109 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20140607 Nuvola Player 2.4.0 Released--A Online Cloud Music Player for Linux.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20140607 Nuvola Player 2.4.0 Released -- A Online Cloud Music Player for Linux.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20140607 Nuvola Player 2.4.0 Released--A Online Cloud Music Player for Linux.md b/sources/tech/20140607 Nuvola Player 2.4.0 Released--A Online Cloud Music Player for Linux.md deleted file mode 100644 index eba2ca4d6e..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20140607 Nuvola Player 2.4.0 Released--A Online Cloud Music Player for Linux.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,109 +0,0 @@ -Translating by GOLinux ... -Nuvola Player 2.4.0 Released – A Online Cloud Music Player for Linux -================================================================================ -**Nuvola Player** is an open source player that runs cloud music services such as Amazon Cloud Player, Bandcamp, Deezer, 8tracks, Google Play Music, Grooveshark, Hyper Machine and Pandora in its own web interface and provides integration with a Linux desktop. - -This application comes with lots of features in the form of plugins such as desktop notifications, system tray, multimedia keys, media player applets, dock menu, lyrics, last.fm and much more. - -On **May 31st 2014**, A new version of **Nuvola Player 2.4.0** was released – which brings a few new features, including two new services such as Logitech Media Server and This is My Jam with numerous bug fixes. - -### What’s new in this release ### - -- Deleted broken Hide Google+ buttons option, because Google changes the code too regularly. -- Service settings are now applied quickly without reload. -- The pause and toggle play/pause behaviour have been fixed. -- Added a caution about compatibility problems with desktop notifications for Chrome. -- The in-page navigation buttons have been implemented (now users will find buttons in the top bar next to the Google Play logo). -- A new Logitech Media Server and This is My Jam services has been added. -- Included support for back/ forward mouse buttons. -- Fixed support for actionable notification in the GNOME lock screen. - -For a complete list of features, visit at official release [announcement page][1]. - -### Installing Nuvola Player in Debian, Ubuntu and Linux Mint ### - -The official Nuvola Player repository contains binary packages for **Ubuntu 14.04, 13.10, 12.10, 12.04** and **Linux Mint 17, 16, 15, 14.** You can install binary package ‘nuvolaplayer‘ by adding Nuvola Player repository under your system. - -#### On Ubuntu and Linux Mint #### - -Open a terminal and run the following series of commands in the terminal. - - $ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nuvola-player-builders/stable - $ sudo apt-get update - $ sudo apt-get upgrade - $ sudo apt-get install nuvolaplayer - -**Note**: Please don’t skip system updates command ‘sudo apt-get upgrade‘. Otherwise, your apt-get may fail to install Flash plugin. - -If you wish to install Nuvola Player without Flash plugin support, you can skip that system upgrade command and use the following command to install nuvolaplayer without Flash support. - - $ sudo apt-get --no-install-recommends install nuvolaplayer - -#### On Debian #### - -For **Debian Wheezy** and **Debian Sid** the stable Nuvola Player binary packages available from official repository. Using this repository, you can install latest stable version using the following bunch of commands. - -Firstly, Open a terminal and import a public key, and then add the repository to ‘**sources.list**‘ file and then do a system update to install nuvolaplyer as shown below. - -#### Debian Wheezy #### - - $ sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 706C220A - $ sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://ppa.fenryxo.cz/nuvola-player/ wheezy main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list' - $ sudo sh -c 'echo "deb-src http://ppa.fenryxo.cz/nuvola-player/ wheezy main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list' - $ sudo apt-get update - $ sudo apt-get install nuvolaplayer - -#### Debian Sid #### - - $ sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 706C220A - $ sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://ppa.fenryxo.cz/nuvola-player/ sid main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list' - $ sudo sh -c 'echo "deb-src http://ppa.fenryxo.cz/nuvola-player/ sid main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list' - $ sudo apt-get update - $ sudo apt-get install nuvolaplayer - -**Note**: Nuvola Player depend on wrapped Flash plugin, which is not installed by default due to conflicting libraries (**GTK+ 2** and **GTK+ 3**). - -To workaround this problem, we enable component flash **PPA** to install package ‘**nuvolaplayer-flashplugin**‘ using the following commands. - - $ sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://ppa.fenryxo.cz/nuvola-player/ sid main beta flash" >> /etc/apt/sources.list' - $ sudo sh -c 'echo "deb-src http://ppa.fenryxo.cz/nuvola-player/ sid main beta flash" >> /etc/apt/sources.list' - $ apt-get update - $ apt-get install nuvolaplayer-flashplugin - -Once you done with the installation, you will find the application in **Menu** to launch it. Keep in mind, you must have internet connection in order to listen music online. - -### Nuvola Player Screen Shots ### - -![Nuvola Player Services](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Nuvola-Player.jpeg) -Select Music Services - -![Grooveshark Music Service](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Nuvola-Player-01.jpeg) -Grooveshark Music Service - -![Grooveshark Playing Music](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Nuvola-Player-02.jpeg) -Grooveshark Playing Music - -![Nuvola Player Preferences](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Nuvola-Player-03.jpeg) -Nuvola Player Preferences - -![Google Play Music](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Nuvola-Player-05.jpeg) -Google Play Music - -![Rdio Music Service](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Nuvola-Player-06.jpeg) -Rdio Music Service - -![About Nuvola Player](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Nuvola-Player-04.jpeg) -About Nuvola Player - -For other Linux distributions, you can download source tarball packages at Nuvola Player [launchpad downloads][2] page. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.tecmint.com/install-nuvola-player-in-linux/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://nuvolaplayer.fenryxo.cz/releases/2.4.html -[2]:https://launchpad.net/nuvola-player/+download diff --git a/translated/tech/20140607 Nuvola Player 2.4.0 Released -- A Online Cloud Music Player for Linux.md b/translated/tech/20140607 Nuvola Player 2.4.0 Released -- A Online Cloud Music Player for Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..eaeb6e26ae --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20140607 Nuvola Player 2.4.0 Released -- A Online Cloud Music Player for Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +Linux下的在线云音乐播放器 —— Nuvola Player 2.4.0发布 +================================================================================ +**Nuvola Player**是一个开源的播放器，在它自身的web界面中运行像Amazon云播放器，Bandcamp，Deezer，8tracks，Google Play音乐，Grooveshark，Hyper Machine以及Pandora等等云音乐服务，同时它也能整合到Linux桌面中。 + +该应用程序以插件的形式提供了大量的功能特性，像桌面通知、系统托盘、多媒体键、媒体播放器小程序、停靠栏菜单、歌词、last.fm等等。 + +**2014年5月31日**，**Nuvola Player 2.4.0**的一个新版本发布了 —— 它带来了一些新的特性，包括两个新的服务罗技媒体服务器和这是我的果酱，以及众多的bug修复。 + +### 这个发布中有什么新东西 ### + +- 删除了破损的隐藏Google+按钮选项，因为Google修改代码过于频繁。 +- 加快了服务设置的启用速度，不需要再重新加载。 +- 修复了暂停和播放/暂停动作开关。 +- 为Chrome添加了兼容问题警告桌面通知。 +- 提供了页面内导航按钮（现在用户可以在Google Play标识旁边的顶部栏中找到它）。 +- 添加了罗技媒体服务器和这是我的果酱服务。 +- 包含了对鼠标后退/前进按钮的支持。 +- 修复了对GNOME锁屏通知的支持。 + +要查看完整的特性列表，请访问官方发行[声明页面][1] + +### 在Debian, Ubuntu和Linux Mint中安装Nuvola Player ### +官方的Nuvola Player仓库中包含了**Ubuntu 14.04, 13.10, 12.10, 12.04**以及**Linux Mint 17, 16, 15, 14.**可用的二进制包，你可以通过添加Nuvola Player仓库到你的系统中来安装二进制包‘nuvolaplayer’。 + +#### 在Ubuntu和Linux Mint上 #### +打开终端并运行以下一系列命令： + + $ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nuvola-player-builders/stable + $ sudo apt-get update + $ sudo apt-get upgrade + $ sudo apt-get install nuvolaplayer + +**注**：请不要忽略系统更新命令‘sudo apt-get upgrade’，否则你的apt-get安装Flash插件可能会失败。 + +如果你不需要Nuvola Player支持Flash插件，你可以忽略系统升级命令，并使用以下命令来安装不带Flash支持得nuvolaplayer。 + + $ sudo apt-get --no-install-recommends install nuvolaplayer + +#### 在Debian上 #### +对于**Debian Wheezy**和**Debian Sid**，可以从官方仓库中获取稳定的Nuvola Player二进制包。你可以使用下面这一堆命令来安装最新的稳定版。 + +首先，打开终端并导入公钥，然后添加仓库到‘**sources.list**‘文件，接着像下面这样进行一次系统更新来安装nuvolaplayer。 + +#### Debian Wheezy #### + + $ sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 706C220A + $ sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://ppa.fenryxo.cz/nuvola-player/ wheezy main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list' + $ sudo sh -c 'echo "deb-src http://ppa.fenryxo.cz/nuvola-player/ wheezy main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list' + $ sudo apt-get update + $ sudo apt-get install nuvolaplayer + +#### Debian Sid #### + + $ sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 706C220A + $ sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://ppa.fenryxo.cz/nuvola-player/ sid main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list' + $ sudo sh -c 'echo "deb-src http://ppa.fenryxo.cz/nuvola-player/ sid main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list' + $ sudo apt-get update + $ sudo apt-get install nuvolaplayer + +**注**：Nuvola Player依赖于打包的Flash插件，而该插件会因为存在库文件冲突（**GTK+ 2和**GTK+ 3**）而默认不会安装。 + +要解决该问题，我们需要启用flash**PPA**组件来安装‘**nuvolaplayer-flashplugin**‘包，命令如下。 + + $ sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://ppa.fenryxo.cz/nuvola-player/ sid main beta flash" >> /etc/apt/sources.list' + $ sudo sh -c 'echo "deb-src http://ppa.fenryxo.cz/nuvola-player/ sid main beta flash" >> /etc/apt/sources.list' + $ apt-get update + $ apt-get install nuvolaplayer-flashplugin + +一旦完成安装，你可以在**菜单**中找到该应用并启动它。记住，想要听音乐，你必须连接到互联网。 + +### Nuvola Player美图欣赏 ### + +![Nuvola Player Services](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Nuvola-Player.jpeg) +选择音乐服务 + +![Grooveshark Music Service](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Nuvola-Player-01.jpeg) +Grooveshark音乐服务 + +![Grooveshark Playing Music](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Nuvola-Player-02.jpeg) +Grooveshark播放音乐 + +![Nuvola Player Preferences](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Nuvola-Player-03.jpeg) +Nuvola Player首选项 + +![Google Play Music](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Nuvola-Player-05.jpeg) +Google Play音乐 + +![Rdio Music Service](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Nuvola-Player-06.jpeg) +Rdio音乐服务 + +![About Nuvola Player](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Nuvola-Player-04.jpeg) +关于Nuvola Player + +对于其它Linux发行版，你可以从 Nuvola Player[启动板下载][2]页下载源码tarball。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.tecmint.com/install-nuvola-player-in-linux/ + +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://nuvolaplayer.fenryxo.cz/releases/2.4.html +[2]:https://launchpad.net/nuvola-player/+download From 5fbacab89e0675fd68c708639cb7959690655f7b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Tue, 10 Jun 2014 11:45:44 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 502/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AHow=20to=20I?= =?UTF-8?q?nstall=20Windows=208.1=20and=20Ubuntu=2014.04=20LTS=20on=20the?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Same=20Computer?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @CHINAANSHE 这篇翻译得质量可不行啊，下回还是要用心些。 --- ...d Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md | 36 +++++++++++++++++++ ...d Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md | 36 ------------------- 2 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md delete mode 100644 translated/tech/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md diff --git a/published/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md b/published/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3d35be0670 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +如何在同一台计算机上安装Windows 8.1和Ubuntu 14.04 LTS +================================================================================ + +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/How-to-Install-Windows-8-1-and-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-on-the-Same-Computer-440356-2.jpg) + +**一些Windows用户，希望试试Linux操作系统，而不用删除他正在使用的系统。令人高兴的是，想尝试下Linux是非常简单的，而且Linux操作系统也能和其他操作系统在同一台机器上和平共处。** + +举个例子，如果你是Windows用户，想试试Ubuntu，这个过程实际上是相当简单的，用户只需要付出一点小小的努力即可，这个过程中稍微注意一点就行了。 + +在PC上正常安装一个操作系统并不复杂，甚至是Ubuntu和其它Linux也一样简单。在大多数情况下，用户单击对话框的“下一步”，按照流程进行即可。当你想保留PC上的原来的操作系统时（并不特指Windows），还需要多一点操作才行，但是很简单。 + +在Linux下刻录一个ISO镜像是很容易的，有好几个程序可以提供这样的功能。而在Windows下，你可以将Ubuntu刻录到DVD或制作成USB启动盘（这样更好一些）。要将Ubuntu正确复制到一个USB设备，你将需要下载名为[Win32 Disk Imager 0.9.5][1]一个小工具。它具有一个简单的界面，是完全自动的。 + +在重启机器以安装Ubuntu前，你要给Ubuntu一些可用的磁盘空间，而且给Ubuntu一个磁盘分区是不够的。你将需要两个，一个放Ubuntu本身（大约10GB，如果你不想安装太多的应用的话，就足够了），第二个是交换分区（类似于Windows的页面文件），它的大小一般是你的内存的两倍。你不需要格式化它们，只要他们是可用的就行。如果你在第二块空闲硬盘安装Ubuntu，那就更简单了。 + +插上USB启动盘并重新启动。你会得到一个提示，询问是“试用”还是“安装”。选择“安装”并选择安装方式：安装Ubuntu和Windows 8并存（或任何你拥有的其他版本），用Ubuntu替换Windows 8，或者别的选项。 + +你可以选择“和Windows 8并存安装”，但你也许不喜欢安装程序自动处理的方式。你也可以选择“其它（Something Else）”来手动控制安装过程。 + +找到你给Ubuntu保留的空闲分区（安装程序无法读取和显示Windows卷的名称，所以你要小心别选错了），双击它，选择ext4文件系统，和“/”作为默认的安装点。 + +现在选择另外的那个较小的分区，选择swap分区类型。就这些了。当你点击下一步，安装程序将启动，你将要输入用户名，密码和其他信息。 + +当你启动你之后，将得到一个简单的列表，可以选择你要启动的操作系统。 + +尽情享受！ + +------------------ + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/How-to-Install-Windows-8-1-and-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-on-the-Same-Computer-440356.shtml + +译者：[CHINAANSHE](https://github.com/CHINAANSHE) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.softpedia.com/get/CD-DVD-Tools/Data-CD-DVD-Burning/Win32-Disk-Imager.shtml diff --git a/translated/tech/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md b/translated/tech/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md deleted file mode 100644 index da800a2694..0000000000 --- a/translated/tech/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,36 +0,0 @@ -如何在同一台计算机上安装Windows 8.1和Ubuntu 14.04 LTS -================================================================================ - -![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/How-to-Install-Windows-8-1-and-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-on-the-Same-Computer-440356-2.jpg) - -**许多Windows用户，正在去尝试使用Linux操作系统，并且不用删除其它正在使用的系统。他们知道Linux操作系统，很容易更好的对待共享的同一台计算机上的其他操作系统，会很高兴的。** - -如果你是Wi如果你是Windows用户，你想去安装Ubuntu。例如，程序实际上是相当简单的，需要一点小小的努力来自用户，他们只需要关注一下本程序。 - -一种新的基于PC操作系统正常的安装并不复杂，Ubuntu和Linux同样也是。在大多数情况下，用户单击“下一步”对话框中，所有的都是按照这个脚本。当你想保存，也存在于相同的PC操作系统（不一定是Windows专门），更多的工作是必需的，但可以很容易。 - -从Ubuntu Linux编写一个图像是容易的，这是可以做到的一些应用程序。在Windows你将需要Ubuntu任何一个dvd上或USB（最好是）。为了让Ubuntu正确复制到一个USB设备，你将需要下载一个小巧的工具称为Win32 Disk Imager 0.9.5。它具有一个简单的界面，它是完全自动的。 - -现在，把Ubuntu安装重启之前，你可能要设置一些自由的空间，将用于Ubuntu，但一个分区是不够的。您将需要两个，一个Ubuntu本身的（大约10GB，如果你不想安装太多的应用的话，就足够了）和第二分区（Windows,pagefile等），这是増加你的内存。你不需要的他们，但他们都是免费的。如果你在第二HDD安装Ubuntu，那就更好了。 - -插上USB和重新启动。你会得到一个提示试用或安装。选择安装并给你选择：安装Ubuntu和Windows 8（或任何你拥有版本），替换Windows 8与Ubuntu，或者别的什么。 - -你可以选择安装在Windows 8，但你也许不喜欢，安装程序将为你选择。这是更好地打击其他手动安装。 - -发现，你放置Ubuntu空闲分区（安装程序无法读取Windows卷名称），双击它，选择ext4文件系统，和“/”作为默认的安装点。 - -现在选择较小的分区和选择交换文件。就这些了。当你点击下一步，安装程序将启动，你将要选择的名称，密码，和其他细节。 - -下次当你启动你时将得到一个简单的操作系统，将让你选择你喜欢的操作系统列表。 - -尽情享受！ - ------------------- - -via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/How-to-Install-Windows-8-1-and-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-on-the-Same-Computer-440356.shtml - -译者：[CHINAANSHE](https://github.com/CHINAANSHE) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.softpedia.com/get/CD-DVD-Tools/Data-CD-DVD-Burning/Win32-Disk-Imager.shtml From 322c3379c315899468a0443dce251d330532b833 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: limox Date: Tue, 10 Jun 2014 12:34:52 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 503/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90?= =?UTF-8?q?=E5=88=A0=E9=99=A4=E4=BB=A5=E5=8F=8A=E6=B7=BB=E5=8A=A0?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...al Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md | 101 ------------------ ...al Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md | 101 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 101 insertions(+), 101 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md diff --git a/sources/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md b/sources/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md deleted file mode 100644 index 615132bfe8..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,101 +0,0 @@ -alim0x translating - -Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI -================================================================================ -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Dual_Boot_Windows8_Ubuntu_1404.jpeg) - -Previously I had written about [dual booting Ubuntu Linux with Windows 7][1] and 8 previously, But those tutorials did not cover systems that come with Windows 8 pre-installed. The newer systems that come with Windows 8 or Windows 8.1, have UEFI instead of BIOS. This makes thing a little different from the conventional way of dual booting. In this tutorial, we shall see **how to install Ubuntu Linux in dual boot mode with Windows 8 or Windows 8.1**. - -This tutorial is performed on a newly bought Dell Inspiron 7437 that has Core i7 fourth generation processor, 256 GB SSD, 8 GB RAM and built in 1 GB Intel graphics. I’ll cover all the steps you need to do in order to successfully dual boot Linux with Windows 8 UEFI. If you have already done some of these steps, just skip to the next one. If you have a fresh system, even better. - -The steps mentioned here are applicable to other Ubuntu based Linux distributions such as Linux Mint, Elementary OS etc. Cutting the chit-chat, let’s see how to dual boot Linux on a UEFI secure boot enabled Windows 8 system. - -### Dual boot Ubuntu 14.04 with Windows 8: ### - -There are various prerequisites to install Ubuntu on a UEFI system. Let’s see them one by one: - -#### Step 1: Make a backup [optional] #### - -It is always nice to make a back up, just in case if you mess up with the system. There are numerous articles on the web to show you how to backup your system. You can follow this tutorial [here][2]. - -#### Step 2: Create a live USB/disk of Ubuntu #### - -The next thing you need to do is to create a live USB or disk. I recommend [Universal USB Installer][3] to create a live USB of Linux OS in Windows. - -#### Step 3: Make a partition where Ubuntu will be installed #### - -Assuming tat you have a fresh system, the first thing we need to do is to make partition to install Linux. The 256 GB in my system was already had several partitions from manufacturer but mainly for backup and other purposes. Main partition was C drive, of around 220 GB, where Windows 8.1 was installed. - -If you have just one partition like this, you need to make some free space out of it for Linux. If you have several partitions of considerable size, use any of them except C drive because it may erase the data. - -To make a partition in Windows 8, go to Disk Management tool. You can find disk management tool by searching for ‘disk’ in Control Panel. - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/disk_partition.jpeg) - -In the Disk Management tool, right click on the drive which you want to partition and select shrink volume. In my case, I shrank the C drive to make some free space: - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/disk_partition_Windows8.jpeg) - -You can leave the free space as it is. We shall use it while installing Ubuntu. - -#### Step 4: Disable fast startup in Windows [optional] #### - -Windows 8 introduced a new feature called “fast startup” for quick boot. While it is not mandatory, it would be better to have it disabled. - -Go to **Control Panel > Hardware and Sound > Power Options > System Settings > Choose what the power buttons do** and uncheck the **Turn on fast startup box**. - -#### Step 5: Disable secureboot in Windows 8 and 8.1 #### - -This is the most important step. The new secure boot feature of Windows 8, originally intended for security feature for rootkit viruses, prevents dual booting of Windows with Linux. To dual boot Windows 8 with Linux, we must disable secure boot in UEFI. - -#### Step 6: Installing Ubuntu alongside Windows 8 #### - -Once you have disabled secure boot, it’s time to install Ubuntu. I hope you already created the live USB as mentioned in step 2. Plug in the USB and boot the system from it. - -To boot from USB, will have to choose boot from USB option from within Windows itself. Either with PC Setting (like for UEFI) or pressing shift key while clicking on Restart. - -Once you have booted in the live USB, you will be presented with option to try or install Ubuntu. Click on install. You will be presented with few screen options to choose the language. It will then do some checks on available space, power and internet connection etc. Just click on **Continue**. - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Installing_Windows8_Ubuntu.jpeg) - -The main screen which you should pay attention to is **Installation Type**. Choose **Something else** here: - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Installing_Windows8_Ubuntu_1.jpeg) - -Remember we had created some free space beforehand? We shall use the free space to create Root, Swap and Home. Select the free space and click on the + sign. - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Installing_Windows8_Ubuntu_2.jpeg) - -It will provide you with option to create Linux partition. We are creating the Root partition. Any thing between 10-20 GB is more than sufficient for it. Choose the size, select Ext 4 as file type and / (means root) as the mount point. - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Installing_Windows8_Ubuntu_3.png) - -Clicking on OK in previous step will bring you to the partition screen. Next we will create swap. Like previously, click on the + sign again. This time use the file type as Swap area. Suggestible swap size is double of RAM. - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Installing_Windows8_Ubuntu_4.png) - -In similar fashion, create a Home partition. Allocate it maximum space (in fact allocate it rest of the free space) because this is where you’ll save music, pictures and downloaded files. - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Installing_Windows8_Ubuntu_5.png) - -Once you are ready with Root, Swap and Home, click on **Install Now**: - -![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Installing_Windows8_Ubuntu_6.jpeg) - -Well, you have almost won the battle. You can smell victory now. Next you will be asked to set username password etc. Basically, you just need to click next now. - -Once the installation is completed, restart the computer, you should be welcomed by a purple grub screen. Enjoy Ubuntu along with Windows 8 in dual boot mode. - -I hope this guide helped you to dual boot Ubuntu with Windows 8 UEFI. Though this article is written for Ubuntu, it should be heloful for other Linux OS as well. Any questions or suggestions are always welcomed. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://itsfoss.com/install-ubuntu-1404-dual-boot-mode-windows-8-81-uefi/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://itsfoss.com/install-ubuntu-dual-boot-mode-windows/ -[2]:http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/6-safest-ways-to-backup-restore-your-files-in-windows-7-8/ -[3]:http://www.pendrivelinux.com/universal-usb-installer-easy-as-1-2-3/ diff --git a/translated/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md b/translated/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c6a59514a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +第四步中的步骤根据实际情况进行了适当修改，Windows操作以及Ubuntu安装过程中的名词根据中文版实际情况进行了修改。第六步中从USB启动的步骤感觉不大对，需要确认。第六步第三段实际中选择语言和安装或试用在同一界面，选择语言那句翻译需要确认。 + +在UEFI模式下安装Ubuntu 14.04与Windows 8/8.1双启动 +================================================================================ +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Dual_Boot_Windows8_Ubuntu_1404.jpeg) + +之前我已经写过关于[如何安装Ubuntu Linux和Windows 7][1]以及8的双启动，但是那些教程不包含那些预装Windows 8的系统。那些较新的预装了Windows 8或Windows 8.1的系统使用了UEFI来替代BIOS。这使得安装双启动变得和之前的常规方法有点不同。在这个教程中，我们将看到**如何在UEFI模式下安装Ubuntu 14.04与Windows 8/8.1双启动**。 + +这个教程是在一台新买的戴尔灵越 7437（酷睿i7第四代处理器， 256GB SSD，8GB内存以及内置1GB(共享内存) Intel显卡）上演示的。为了使你能够成功安装UEFI下Linux和Windows 8的双启动，我会提到你需要做的所有步骤。如果你已经完成这些步骤中的部分步骤，直接跳到下一步。如果你有个全新的系统，那就更好了。 + +在这里提到的这些步骤也适用于其它基于Ubuntu的Linux发行版，如Linux Mint，Elementary OS等等。不多说，让我们来看看如何在启用了UEFI安全启动的Windows 8系统上双启动Linux。 + +### 让 Ubuntu 14.04 和 Windows 8 双启动： ### + +要在一个UEFI系统上安装Ubuntu有多方面的前提条件。让我们来一个一个看： + +#### 第一步：做个备份 [可选] #### + +做个备份总是个不错的选择，防止你把系统弄糟了。网上有众多文章教你如何备份系统。你可以参照[这个教程][2]。 + +#### 第二步：创建一个Ubuntu的USB启动盘/光盘启动盘 #### + +你需要做的下一件事是创建一个USB启动盘或光盘启动盘。我推荐在Windows下使用[Universal USB Installer][3]创建一个Linux OS的USB启动盘。 + +#### 第三步：为Ubuntu划分一块安装分区 #### + +假设你有一个全新的系统，我们要做的第一件事是创建一个分区来安装Linux。我系统中的256GB磁盘出厂时就有若干个分区，但主要是用来备份及其它目的的。主分区是安装了Windows 8.1的C盘，约有220GB。 + +如果你也像这样只有一个分区，你需要从中分割出一些空间给Linux。如果你有若干空间大小足够的分区，可以使用它们中除C盘外的任意盘，因为安装时会抹掉其中的数据。 + +要在Windows 8中创建分区，需要使用磁盘管理工具。你可以通过在控制面板中搜索‘磁盘’找到磁盘管理工具。 + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/disk_partition.jpeg) + +在磁盘管理工具中，右键点击你想划分并压缩的卷。在我的演示中，我选择C盘进行压缩卷，划分出未分配空间： + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/disk_partition_Windows8.jpeg) + +你可以就这么保留着未分配空间。我们会在安装Ubuntu时用到它。 + +#### 第四步：在Windows中禁用快速启动 [可选] #### + +为了实现快速启动，Windows 8引进了叫做“快速启动”的新特性。尽管不是强制要求，最好还是将其禁用。 + +打开**控制面板 > 硬件与声音 > 电源选项 > 选择电源按钮的功能 > 更改当前不可用的设置**，取消选中**启用快速启动（推荐）**。 + +#### 第五步：禁用Windows 8 and 8.1的安全启动（secure boot） #### + +这是最重要的步骤。Windows 8新的安全启动（secure boot）原本是针对rootkit病毒的安全特性，但它也阻止了Windows和Linux的双启动。为了实现Windows和Linux的双启动，我们必须在UEFI中禁用安全启动（secure boot）。 + +#### 第六步：安装Ubuntu，与Windows 8共存 #### + +一旦你禁用了安全启动（secure boot），那就是时候安装Ubuntu了。我希望你像第二步中提到的一样创建了一个USB启动盘。插入U盘，然后从U盘启动系统。 + +要从USB启动，需要在Windows中选择从USB启动选项。从电脑设置（像UEFI）中选择或在点击重新启动的时候按住Shift键。 + +当你启动到live USB模式后，你会看到试用（try）或者安装（install）Ubuntu。选择语言，然后点击安装Ubuntu（install）。接下来是关于硬盘空间，电源和网络连接等等的一些检查。只需点击**继续**。 + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Installing_Windows8_Ubuntu.jpeg) + +安装窗口中你需要注意的是**安装类型（Installation Type）**。选择这里的**其它选项（Something else）**： + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Installing_Windows8_Ubuntu_1.jpeg) + +还记得我们事先划分的未分配空间吗？我们将用它来创建根分区（Root），交换空间（Swap）以及家目录（Home）。选择空闲（free space）然后点击加号（+）。 + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Installing_Windows8_Ubuntu_2.jpeg) + +它会给你提供创建Linux分区的选项。我们正在创建根分区（Root）。10-20GB空间就足够了。选择大小（Size），选择Ext 4作为文件系统以及/（意思是根-root）作为挂载点（Mount point）。 + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Installing_Windows8_Ubuntu_3.png) + +点击确定会回到分区界面。下一步我们创建交换空间（Swap）。像之前一样，再次点击加号（+）。这次我们选择作为交换空间（Swap area）。建议的交换空间大小是物理内存的两倍。 + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Installing_Windows8_Ubuntu_4.png) + +以同样的方式创建家目录（Home）。给它分配最大的空间（实际上是给它分配剩余的所有空间），因为这是你会用来存储音乐，图片以及下载的文件的位置。 + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Installing_Windows8_Ubuntu_5.png) + +分配好了根分区（Root），交换空间（Swap）和家目录（Home）之后，点击**现在安装（Install Now）**： + +![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Installing_Windows8_Ubuntu_6.jpeg) + +好了，你现在基本上以及赢得了这场战役了~露出胜利的微笑吧~接下来你会被要求设置用户名密码等等。基本上你现在只需点击下一步。 + +一旦安装完成，重新启动电脑，你应该会看到紫色的grub欢迎界面。尽情享受Ubuntu和Windows 8的双启动模式吧。（译注：对于可能出现grub系统选择中没有Windows 8选项或是无法正常启动的情况，可搜索Boot Repair工具的使用） + +我希望这份指南能够帮你实现Ubuntu和Windows 8的UEFI模式双启动。虽然这篇文章是为Ubuntu写的，它对其它的Linux OS应该也有所帮助。欢迎提出任何问题与建议。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://itsfoss.com/install-ubuntu-1404-dual-boot-mode-windows-8-81-uefi/ + +译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://itsfoss.com/install-ubuntu-dual-boot-mode-windows/ +[2]:http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/6-safest-ways-to-backup-restore-your-files-in-windows-7-8/ +[3]:http://www.pendrivelinux.com/universal-usb-installer-easy-as-1-2-3/ From fde75db1f11ec5674f469e8c5243be8ef22f3706 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Tue, 10 Jun 2014 14:11:08 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 504/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AHow=20to=20s?= =?UTF-8?q?et=20up=20a=20web-based=20lightweight=20system=20monitor=20on?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Linux?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @GOLinux http://linux.cn/article-3171-1.html --- ...sed lightweight system monitor on Linux.md | 35 +++++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md (77%) diff --git a/translated/tech/How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md b/published/How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md similarity index 77% rename from translated/tech/How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md rename to published/How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md index 505adae447..ce7ea9416f 100644 --- a/translated/tech/How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md +++ b/published/How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -在Linux上配置基于web的轻量级系统监控 +Monitorix ：支持服务器和树莓派的轻量级系统监控系统 ================================================================================ -有时候，我们作为普通用户或者系统管理员，需要知道系统运行是否良好。与系统状态相关的许多问题，都可以通过检查活动服务生成的日志文件来获得答案。然而，即便对于历经数个春秋的系统管理员而言，要检查日志文件的每个细节都不是件容易的事。这也是为什么他们依赖于监控软件的原因，监控软件能够从不同的源收集信息，并以易于理解的格式给出分析报告，如图表、可视化图像、统计数据等。 +有时候，无论是普通用户还是系统管理员，都需要知道系统运行是否良好。与系统状态相关的许多问题，都可以通过检查运行的服务所生成的日志文件来获得答案。然而，即便对于干过几年的系统管理员而言，要检查日志文件的每个细节都不是件容易的事。这也是为什么他们依赖于监控软件的原因，监控软件能够从不同的源收集信息，并以易于理解的格式给出分析报告，如图表、可视化图像、统计数据等。 + +市面上流传着许多复杂的系统监控软件，诸如[Cacti][1], [Nagios][2], Zabbix, Munin此类。在本文中，我们向您介绍一个轻量级的监控工具——Monitorix，该工具设计用于在Linux/BSD上监控系统资源和许多熟知的第三方应用程序。由于专为资源有限的嵌入式系统而优化，Monitorix以使用简单，消耗内存资源少而著称。它内建了一个HTTP服务器用于提供web界面，并使用RRDtool数据库来存储时间序列统计数据，RRDtool可以很容易地和任何脚本语言整合，如Perl，Python，shell脚本，Ruby等。 -市面上流传着许多复杂的系统监控软件，诸如[Cacti][1], [Nagios][2], Zabbix, Munin此类。在本文中，我们选取了一个轻量级的监控工具——Monitorix，该工具设计用于在Linux/BSD上监控系统资源和许多熟知的第三方应用程序。由于专为资源有限的嵌入式系统而优化，Monitorix以使用简单，消耗内存资源少而著称。它内建了一个HTTP服务器用于提供web界面，并使用PRDtool来存储时间序列统计数据，该PRDtoo可以很容易地和任何脚本语言整合，如Perl，Python，shell脚本，Ruby等。 ### 主要特性 ### + 这里列出了Monitorix的主要特性。要查看完整列表，请参阅[官方网站][3] -- 系统负载和系统服务需求 +- 当前系统负载和系统服务 - CPU/GPU温度传感器 -- 磁盘温度和健康 +- 磁盘温度和健康度 - 网络/端口流量和网络状况统计 - 邮件统计 -- Web服务器统计（Apache，Nginx，Light图片的） +- Web服务器统计（Apache，Nginx，Lighttpd） - MySQL负载和统计 - Squid代理统计 - NFS服务器/客户端统计 @@ -28,8 +30,7 @@ $ sudo yum install monitorix - -要配置Monitorix，打开/etc/monitorix/monitorix.conf配置文件，并修改选项。关于Monitorix的配置文件细节，可以查阅[http://www.monitorix.org/documentation.html][6]。 +要配置Monitorix，打开`/etc/monitorix/monitorix.conf`配置文件，并修改选项。关于Monitorix的配置文件细节，可以查阅[http://www.monitorix.org/documentation.html][6]。 默认情况下，内建的HTTP服务器监听8080端口。因此，确保你的防火墙没有阻止TCP 8080端口。 @@ -40,9 +41,10 @@ 启动你喜爱的Web浏览器，然后通过http://:8080/monitorix来访问Monitorix的Web界面。 ### 在Archlinux上安装并配置Monitorix ### + 在Archlinux上，可以从[AUR][7]上下载Monitorix包。 -默认情况下，Archlinux上是禁用内建HTTP服务器的。要启用内建的HTTP服务器，请编辑/etc/monitorix.conf文件的如下区块。 +默认情况下，在Archlinux上是禁用了其内建HTTP服务器的。要启用内建的HTTP服务器，请编辑/etc/monitorix.conf文件的如下区块。 enabled = y @@ -65,10 +67,11 @@ 打开你喜欢的Web浏览器，然后通过http://:8080/monitorix来访问Monitorix的Web界面。 ### 在Debian和Ubuntu上安装并配置Monitorix ### + 对于Debian家族，Monitorix可以通过两种方式安装：手工安装或通过第三方软件仓库。 + #### 手工安装(用于Debian) #### -Install all dependent packages first. 首先安装所有依赖包。 $ sudo apt-get install rrdtool perl libwww-perl libmailtools-perl libmime-lite-perl librrds-perl libdbi-perl libxml-simple-perl libhttp-server-simple-perl libconfig-general-perl libio-socket-ssl-perl @@ -82,6 +85,7 @@ Install all dependent packages first. $ sudo service apache2 reload #### 通过软件仓库安装 (用于Ubuntu) #### + 在/etc/apt/source.list中添加以下行来启用Izzysoft仓库。 deb http://apt.izzysoft.de/ubuntu generic universe @@ -100,14 +104,15 @@ Install all dependent packages first. $ sudo service monitorix start -要配置Monitorix，请使用文本编辑器编辑/etc/monitorix/monitorix.conf，并重启Monitorix服务。 +要配置Monitorix，请使用文本编辑器编辑`/etc/monitorix/monitorix.conf`，并重启Monitorix服务。 $ sudo service monitorix restart -用于Ubuntu的内建Web服务器默认将被启用。要从Web查看监控结果，在你喜爱的Web浏览器中访问http://8080/monitorix。 +用于Ubuntu的内建Web服务器默认启用。要从Web查看监控结果，在你喜爱的Web浏览器中访问http://8080/monitorix。 ### 在Raspberry Pi上安装并配置Monitorix ### -如果想要在Raspberry Pi（基于Debian）上安装Monitorix，你不能使用上面提到的Izzysoft仓库，因为它不提供Monitorix的ARM端口。取而代之的是，你可以参照如下基于Debian的手工安装。 + +如果想要在Raspberry Pi（基于Debian）上安装Monitorix，你不能使用上面提到的Izzysoft仓库，因为它不提供Monitorix的ARM移植。取而代之的是，你可以参照如下基于Debian的手工安装。 首先，安装需要的软件包。 @@ -125,7 +130,7 @@ Install all dependent packages first. 安装完成后，我们需要像下面这样对Monitorix配置稍作修改。 -用你喜爱的文本编辑器打开/etc/monitorix/monitorix.conf，向下滚动文本直到你找到。搜索“raspberrypi = n”，并用“y”替换“n”，这将启用对Raspberry Pi时钟频率、温度和电压的监控。 +用你喜爱的文本编辑器打开`/etc/monitorix/monitorix.conf`，向下滚动文本直到你找到。搜索“raspberrypi = n”，并用“y”替换“n”，这将启用对Raspberry Pi时钟频率、温度和电压的监控。 编辑完成后，重启Monitorix服务。 @@ -159,7 +164,7 @@ Monitorix主屏幕: via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/web-based-lightweight-system-monitor-linux.html -译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From a96f50dc753667a63d593101bbd4a8b6ef353c05 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Tue, 10 Jun 2014 14:23:55 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 505/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9A20140529=20A?= =?UTF-8?q?dd=20Windows=20Like=20Bottom=20Taskbar=20In=20Ubuntu=20Unity=20?= =?UTF-8?q?14.04?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @GOLinux http://linux.cn/article-3172-1.html --- ...d Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md | 8 +++++--- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md (75%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md b/published/20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md similarity index 75% rename from translated/tech/20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md rename to published/20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md index 78ea25c1bb..da0a9fde79 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md +++ b/published/20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md @@ -7,13 +7,15 @@ 不管出于什么原因，如果你在Ubuntu中想要个底部面板，那么[tint][2]就是你的菜。 ### 在Ubuntu 14.04中添加底部任务栏 ### + 打开终端（Ctrl+Alt+T），然后输入下面的命令： sudo apt-get install tint2 -这样就把tint2安装好了。你可以在终端中输入tint2来运行它了，但这不是我们想要干的活，因为我们的目的根本不在于此。在此，我们需要让tint2来开机启动，这样每次启动Ubuntu的时候，它都会在桌面底部恭候你了。 +这样就把tint2安装好了。你可以在终端中输入tint2来运行它了，但这不是我们希望的方式，因为我们的并不想这么麻烦每次手工运行它。在此，我们需要让tint2来开机启动，这样每次启动Ubuntu的时候，它都会在桌面底部恭候你了。 #### 怎样让tint2开机启动？ #### + 打开Unity Dash（按下Windows键吧），然后搜索启动程序。 ![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Startup_Applications_Ubuntu.jpeg) @@ -22,13 +24,13 @@ ![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Windows_Like_Taskbar_Ubuntu.jpeg) -好了。赶快注销并重新登录进去看看吧，任务栏会乖乖地在下面等着你了。第一张图片看到了吗？就是那个样子的。像[Conky][3]一样，tint2也能进行大量配置，但要进行深度配置，你得修改配置文件了。就算你很懒惰，安好了啥都不做，那它也会干得很好了。你已经试过了？你感觉tint2怎么样呢？ +好了。赶快注销并重新登录进去看看吧，任务栏会乖乖地在下面等着你了。题图看到了吗？就是那个样子的。像[Conky][3]一样，tint2也能有大量的配置选项，但要进行深度配置，你得修改配置文件了。不过就算你很懒惰，安好了啥都不做，那它也会干得很好了。你已经试过了？你感觉tint2怎么样呢？ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://itsfoss.com/add-windows-like-bottom-taskbar-in-ubuntu-unity-14-04/ -译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From d54c3a436701dcc0695a7e8d5a4ce87e196a9528 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Tue, 10 Jun 2014 15:51:43 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 506/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140610-1=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...inux Firewall OS Receives OpenSSL Fixes.md | 32 +++ ...N Project OpenDaylight Adds New Members.md | 27 +++ ... and center, adds emoji and gif support.md | 39 ++++ ...he cloud affect the everyday linux user.md | 195 ++++++++++++++++++ ...e Best Linux Distribution for New Users.md | 158 ++++++++++++++ ...610 Top 7 Desktop Environment For Linux.md | 67 ++++++ ...nnection sharing with iptables on Linux.md | 112 ++++++++++ 7 files changed, 630 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/20140610 IPFire 2.13 Core 78 Linux Firewall OS Receives OpenSSL Fixes.md create mode 100644 sources/news/20140610 Open Source SDN Project OpenDaylight Adds New Members.md create mode 100644 sources/talk/20140610 GitHub redesigns its Windows app to put your work front and center, adds emoji and gif support.md create mode 100644 sources/talk/20140610 How does the cloud affect the everyday linux user.md create mode 100644 sources/talk/20140610 The Best Linux Distribution for New Users.md create mode 100644 sources/talk/20140610 Top 7 Desktop Environment For Linux.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140610 How to set up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux.md diff --git a/sources/news/20140610 IPFire 2.13 Core 78 Linux Firewall OS Receives OpenSSL Fixes.md b/sources/news/20140610 IPFire 2.13 Core 78 Linux Firewall OS Receives OpenSSL Fixes.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..81d8918893 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20140610 IPFire 2.13 Core 78 Linux Firewall OS Receives OpenSSL Fixes.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +IPFire 2.13 Core 78 Linux Firewall OS Receives OpenSSL Fixes +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/IPFire-2-13-Core-78-Linux-Firewall-OS-Receives-OpenSSL-Fixes-445876-2.jpg) + +**Michael Tremer, a developer for the ipfire.org team, has announced that IPFire 2.13 Core 78, a new stable build of the popular Linux-based firewall distribution, has been released to implement the latest OpenSSL fixes.** + +IPFire is a modular Linux distribution, which means that it can be deployed as a firewall, a proxy server, or a VPN gateway. One of the main concerns of the IPFire developers is security, and every step has been taken to ensure users’ complete security. + +“There have been several vulnerabilities discovered in the openssl library which is responsible for implementing the SSL/TLS protocol and other cryptographic tasks. All details about these can be found in the original openssl security advisory,” said the devs on their blog. + +They have also explained that all the changes that they planned and built for Core Update 78 have been postponed to Core Update 79. This means that users will have to wait a little longer for a more consistent update. + +OpenSSL developers have found another round of OpenSSL problems, but they have been fixed quickly and now the Linux distributions are including it in the latest versions. + +The developers recommend all users of IPFire to upgrade their distributions. More details can be found on the official [website][1]. + +Download IPFire 2.13 Core 78: + +- [IPFire 2.15 Core 78 (ISO)][2][iso] [122 MB] +- [IPFire 3.0 Alpha 1 (ISO)][3][iso] [76 MB] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/IPFire-2-13-Core-78-Linux-Firewall-OS-Receives-OpenSSL-Fixes-445876.shtml + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.ipfire.org/news/ipfire-2-15-core-update-78-released +[2]:http://downloads.ipfire.org/releases/ipfire-2.x/2.15-core78/ipfire-2.15.i586-full-core78.iso +[3]:http://www.rowie.at/ipfire/iso/ipfire-3.0-alpha1.i686.iso \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/news/20140610 Open Source SDN Project OpenDaylight Adds New Members.md b/sources/news/20140610 Open Source SDN Project OpenDaylight Adds New Members.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dd56dae010 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20140610 Open Source SDN Project OpenDaylight Adds New Members.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +Open Source SDN Project OpenDaylight Adds New Members +================================================================================ +The [Linux Foundation][1]'s [OpenDaylight][2] project for promoting open source [software-defined networking][3] (SDN) continues to grow. [Extreme Networks][4] (EXTR), [Flextronics][5] and [Oracle][6] (ORCL) are now among the initiative's members. + +The three companies, which officially joined OpenDaylight June 5, bring the total number of OpenDaylight project members to 39. The project also enjoys the support of 195 developers collaborating to help build an open source SDN platform. + +The new members bring additional expertise in data center and cloud computing design and infrastructure to OpenDaylight's portfolio. Extreme Networks specializes in high-performance networking solutions for enterprises, while Flextronics provides systems design, manufacturing and logistics. Oracle's broad operations, meanwhile, focus on a variety of areas in the cloud and the data center. + +OpenDaylight leaders are celebrating the project's membership growth as a further step toward creating an SDN ecosystem that is centered on open standards and free from domination by particular organizations. "More voices at the table means stronger debate and better code," said Jacques Neela, executive director, OpenDaylight. "We are thrilled to see such a diversity of new members joining who represent an even broader range of perspectives on SDN and NFV." + +The first software release from OpenDaylight, which was itself formed in April 2013, [appeared in February][7] under the name Hydrogen. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://thevarguy.com/open-source-application-software-companies/open-source-sdn-project-opendaylight-adds-new-members + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://linuxfoundation.org/ +[2]:http://www.opendaylight.org/ +[3]:http://thevarguy.com/sdn +[4]:http://www.extremenetworks.com/ +[5]:http://www.flextronics.com/ +[6]:http://oracle.com/ +[7]:http://thevarguy.com/open-source-application-software-companies/020514/embargo-until-feb-4-1130-am-est-opendaylight-releases-fir \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/talk/20140610 GitHub redesigns its Windows app to put your work front and center, adds emoji and gif support.md b/sources/talk/20140610 GitHub redesigns its Windows app to put your work front and center, adds emoji and gif support.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7ee2f2f2c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20140610 GitHub redesigns its Windows app to put your work front and center, adds emoji and gif support.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +GitHub redesigns its Windows app to put your work front and center, adds emoji and gif support +================================================================================ +![](http://cdn1.tnwcdn.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2012/05/2012-05-21_10h05_58-657x245.jpg) + +GitHub today [released][1] version 2.0 of its Windows app, which it markets as “the easiest way to use Git and GitHub on Windows.” The new version features a more streamlined design, new GitHub local features, and some general speed improvements. You can grab the new version now directly form [windows.github.com][2] (if you already have GitHub for Windows, it will update automatically). + +GitHub released its Windows app back in [May 2012][3], and has made improvements in three minor releases since. Today’s major 2.0 release comes more than two years after the app’s debut, and aims to inject new life into the app. + +GitHub executives told me they saw a major bump in terms of interest for the client with the 1.3 release that was more of an overall increase rather than just a spike associated with new versions. They are naturally hoping for a repeat of this jump with the 2.0 release. + +GitHub 2.0 for Windows is supposed to be simpler and cleaner, and aims to put more focus and the developer and their work. For the sake of comparison, here’s how the previous 1.3 version looked like: + +![](http://cdn1.tnwcdn.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2014/06/GitHub-for-Windows-1_3_3-screenshot.png) + +Here is the 2.0 release (the company emphasizes that your work is now ” front and center”): + +![](http://cdn1.tnwcdn.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2014/06/GitHub-for-Windows-2.0-screenshot.png) + +Previously, there were two different views available. The company has slimmed that down so developers no longer need to move back and forth between their projects. + +This is largely accomplished by adding a sidebar that reduces the need to navigate through menus and options. In short, your local repositories are always available on the left, plus you can create, clone, and publish repositories without having to navigate to a new screen. Your repositories are also grouped by where they originated from, so work projects (think GitHub Enterprise) are easy to distinguish from personal ones, and you can easily switch between them. + +The new design aside, GitHub for Windows now lets you pick an ignore file template for your project when you create a repository. It also supports including emoji and gifs in your commit messages. + +It’s worth noting that the aforementioned performance improvements should be felt around the app in general. Unfortunately, GitHub wasn’t able to share any benchmarks regarding the speed bumps. + +All in all, this is a big redesign aimed at improving the user experience. GitHub executives tell TNW the new design language aims is a “GitHub Metro style” that takes the “best parts of Metro as well as Android and iOS.” Whether or not that’s a good thing will likely come down to personal preference. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://thenextweb.com/dd/2014/06/09/github-redesigns-windows-app-put-work-front-center-adds-emoji-gif-support/?tnw_rfl=tw + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://github.com/blog/1844-say-hello-to-github-for-windows-2-0 +[2]:http://windows.github.com/ +[3]:http://thenextweb.com/apps/2012/05/21/github-releases-its-windows-app-at-last/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/talk/20140610 How does the cloud affect the everyday linux user.md b/sources/talk/20140610 How does the cloud affect the everyday linux user.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..66ff726ffb --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20140610 How does the cloud affect the everyday linux user.md @@ -0,0 +1,195 @@ +How does the cloud affect the everyday linux user? +================================================================================ +### Introduction ### + +Cloud computing is one of those terms you hear about and see all the time whether it is in the national newspapers, online news websites, podcasts, technical blogs, technical news sites or on radio and television. + +It is a fairly woolly term that encompasses so many things but what exactly is it? + +> **Cloud computing** is a term used to refer to a model of network computing where a program or application runs on a connected server or servers rather than on a local computing device such as a PC, tablet or smartphone. Like the traditional client-server model or older mainframe computing,[1] a user connects with a server to perform a task. The difference with cloud computing is that the computing process may run on one or many connected computers at the same time, utilizing the concept of virtualization. With virtualization, one or more physical servers can be configured and partitioned into multiple independent “virtual” servers, all functioning independently and appearing to the user to be a single physical device. Such virtual servers are in essence disassociated from their physical server, and with this added flexibility, they can be moved around and scaled up or down on the fly without affecting the end user. The computing resources have become “granular”, which provides end user and operator benefits including on-demand self-service, broad access across multiple devices, resource pooling, rapid elasticity and service metering capability.[2] + +The above quote was obviously taken from Wikipedia. + +In the past we either used dumb terminals to connect to a mainframe or more recently desktop computers connected to applications on in-house servers which in turn connected to databases also kept on site. + +The management of the desktops, applications and servers were all local and all had to be supported by the company who owned them. + +Whilst this might be great for software houses it isn’t good business for other companies such as banks, insurance companies and oil companies. Information Technology is not a banking function in the same way catering isn’t a function of drilling oil out of the ground. + +Large companies have long since outsourced many functions to dedicated companies. For example outside catering companies provide the staff canteen and we all know about the offshore call centres handling customer calls for the banks. + +IT has also become an offshore function with a number of support and development functions shipped out to China, India, Malaysia and Eastern Europe. + +Cloud computing is different to the typical model in that it is all about virtualisation. It is about putting applications on virtual servers which could all be in one location or could be thousands of miles apart but the point is it doesn’t matter because it is somebody else’s job to make sure they work. + +> In common usage the term “the cloud” has become a shorthand way to refer to cloud computing infrastructure.[4] The term came from the cloud symbol that network engineers used on network diagrams to represent the unknown (to them) segments of a network.[5] Marketers have further popularized the phrase “in the cloud” to refer to software, platforms and infrastructure that are sold “as a service”, i.e. remotely through the Internet. + +This article is therefore all about the cloud and what it means for the everyday linux user and what it can do for you and what, if any, pitfalls are there. + +From an end user and home user point of view, cloud computing has basically come to mean any service that is hosted online. + +So here goes, which cloud services are useful for an everyday linux user? + +### Email ### + +I would be very surprised if you are reading this and you don’t have an email account. + +PC Advisor magazine analysed the top 6 emails services back in March, 2014 consisting of Outlook, GMail, Yahoo, iCloud, AOL and GMX. + +### Office Suites ### + +As well as an email client one of the most commonly used tools required by everyone is an office suite. + +In the past people would toddle off down to PC World, buy a computer and come home with a great big machine and half a dozen CDs containing 5 programs you definitely won’t use and Microsoft Works which was a cheap and virtually useless cut down version of Microsoft Office. + +Now you don’t even need an office suite on your computer even though there are some great free choices out there including LibreOffice and Kingsoft. + +The obvious choices are of course Google Docs and Office 365. Does Office 365 work for Linux? Well this article from PC Pro in 2012 seems to suggest that it does. + +![](http://www.linuxnews.pro/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/office365_1.png) + +I don’t believe everything I read though so I signed up to Office 365 to see what would happen. + +Signing up was free for a month and I was presented with a list of online applications that I could use which included Word, Excel and Outlook. + +![](http://www.linuxnews.pro/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/office365_2.png) + +All looked to be going well. I started Microsoft Word, chose a template to use and then of course it didn’t work at all. + +Office 365 isn’t yet supported on Linux and to be honest you don’t need it. Move on. + +![](http://www.linuxnews.pro/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/office365_3.png) + +Google Docs works and for home use it is perfect. There are hundreds of templates for the word processing and presentation tools and the spreadsheet application does most things although it doesn’t really replace Excel because you haven’t got hundreds of wannabe developers creating naff macros and VBA scripts everywhere. + +![](http://www.linuxnews.pro/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/zoho_1.png) + +Another alternative to Office 365 is Zoho. + +Similar to Google Docs, Zoho includes a word processor, spreadsheet tool, presentation tool and mail. + +There are finance and CRM tools as well. + +![](http://www.linuxnews.pro/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/zoho_2.png) + +The interface for the tools is actually very nice and clean. + +Services such as Google Docs and Zoho also give you the power of collaboration. + +Documents can be shared and worked on by different people in different locations. + +This site provides a good list of alternative choices to Google Docs and Zoho. + +### Online File Storage ### + +Another good service provided by Google Docs and Zoho is the ability to store the documents and files you create online. + +There are other services however such as Dropbox that are used to exclusively store your documents in the cloud. + +The benefit of storing files with services like Dropbox is that if your house is burgled or catches fire then you have an offshore backup that remains intact. You can also access your files anywhere. + +Dropbox is free for up to 2 gigabytes of use. If you have a lot more data, and most of us do nowadays, then there is a $ 9.99 monthly plan that is available allowing for 100 gigabytes. There is also a business version available from $ 15 a month. + +There are of course alternatives to Dropbox and this site provides a list of the best online backup solutions. + +### Photos ### + +Since the introduction of digital cameras and more recently smart phones, more and more of us have memory cards full of photos. + +I bet that at some point or other that you have lost photos because your phone died and the photos were on the phone and not the memory card or you lost your phone losing pictures of your child’s sports day or another important occasion. + +Losing a phone is never a good thing. If you are clever you will have set up some sort of security because most people have their phones synchronised with their email accounts, Facebook, Twitter and even online banking. + +All it takes to fix a lost phone is to change the passwords to all of the above accounts but lost photos are just not possible to recover and are a little bit more upsetting when lost. + +One solution of course is to backup to your computer. This is of course a good first step but occasionally laptops break as well and you are back to square one. + +Online photo storage sites are great resources because not only do they keep your photos safe you can also share them with whoever you choose to, eliminating the need to get 5 copies of the same photo developed to send to mum, nan, sister, aunty and mother-in-law. + +The solution I like to use is Google’s Picasa but many of you will have heard of services like Flickr as well. + +Lifehacker has a list of the five best photo sharing services. + +Remember though that just because they are called photo sharing services doesn’t mean you have to share them. You can keep them just to yourself. + +### Music ### + +The first record that I was ever given was a 12 inch vinyl version of “Kings of the wild frontier” by “Adam and the Ants” back in the early 1980s. + +As the 1980s progressed the long play records were replaced by cassettes and just as I had accumulated a decent number of cassettes the compact disc became the thing to have. + +Hundreds of compact discs later and MP3 file sharing became the norm and it even became the legal way of doing things. + +Nothing sits still with technology and the future is now with audio streaming services such as Spotify. + +Spotify is free to use but is supported with the inclusion of adverts. In this regard it is like having your own personal radio station where you choose the playlist. Of course you can pay a monthly fee and have the adverts removed altogether. + +There are dozens of similar services including Grooveshark and last.fm. + +Techradar has a list of 7 alternatives to Spotify. + +### Film ### + +The first film I ever watched in the Cinema was Dumbo. The first video I ever watched was “Krull” which contained a young Dulph Lundgren. The format of the video was on Beta Max. (My next door neighbour had one). + +My dad came home one day with a video recorder from Radio Rentals and my sister and I used to take it in turns to pick a video to hire from the video store. I remember my first choice being “The Black Hole”. + +As with music time moves on. Just as you get large units full of movies, some genius comes along and develops DVDs and then they come out with Bluerays. + +Now of course video streaming is the order of the day especially if you have a decent enough internet connection. + +The most commonly known services are Netflix and Lovefilm. + +This website has a list of good alternatives to Netflix. Not all of these services (including Netflix) work seamlessly on Linux. + +### Gaming ### + +Music, films and now gaming have moved to the online arena. + +Gaming is of course more difficult. Music is relatively low cost in terms of bandwidth and although films require a little more, the stream just needs to remain steady to get a clear picture. + +Games need to run at a consistently high frame rate to be playable and unless you have a decent connection it probably isn’t even worth trying. + +Current services offering a cloud gaming service include OnLive and StreamMyGame. + +This site contains a list of 6 online gaming services to rival OnLive. + +### Pitfalls ### + +Cloud computing isn’t free from issues. + +There is the obvious problem of hacking. If someone gets access to your online banking or your email then you have a real problem. + +What about online file storage? There is currently the high profile case of Megaupload.com. + +Megaupload.com was essentially a file storage site for storing large files. The problem is that a lot of people used the service to share copyright material and the US authorities came down like a ton of bricks and the service was shut down. + +Now a lot of people losing files would perhaps be expecting the inevitable but what about people who genuinely did nothing wrong. Their data has been lost. The US authorities refusing to give it back. + +Finally there is the subject of service maintenance. If your email went down for a day could you cope? What about 3 days? What about a month? You are at the mercy of the service provider. + +A lot has been made about large companies losing data and there has also been a lot of noise regarding heartbleed which is a vulnerability found in SSL left unpatched for years. + +If you have services hosted for you online then you are relying on technical support staff to do their job properly and if they don’t you could be at the mercy of hackers, hardware failures and poor backup and recovery maintenance. + +### Summary ### + +Cloud computing has really become the buzz term for any online service. Your web browser is a client connecting to a server or clusters of servers hosted anywhere in the world. The point is that you don’t care. You don’t need to know. + +Generally speaking I have barely touched the surface. We all use the cloud everyday and most of us don’t even think about it. + +How does the cloud affect the everyday linux user? It turns out quite a bit. + +Is the cloud a good or bad thing? Neither. Each service has to be judged on it’s own merits. + +The term “The Cloud” is just something marketing people and the technical press get excited about. Anyone remember when they kept using the term “Web 2.0″? + +Thankyou for reading. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.linuxnews.pro/how-does-the-cloud-affect-the-everyday-linux-user/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/talk/20140610 The Best Linux Distribution for New Users.md b/sources/talk/20140610 The Best Linux Distribution for New Users.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..64db4761d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20140610 The Best Linux Distribution for New Users.md @@ -0,0 +1,158 @@ +The Best Linux Distribution for New Users +================================================================================ +This is a debate that most certainly brings out the beast in many a Linux user. The argument doesn't generally boil down to which distribution is truly best suited for new users, but which distribution is favored by those in the debate. If we set our personal preferences aside, a clearer picture can arise. But even that clarity can quickly get obscured by the needs and desires of the new users. Given that, I decided to take a different approach to finding the “best distro for new users." My criteria for best distribution must not only be easy to use, but also must appeal to a more modern design aesthetic brought about by the ever-growing thrust of the mobile interface metaphor. + +For the purposes of this examination, to be included in the short list a distribution must: + +- Be incredibly user-friendly +- Include, out of the box, all common apps +- Include some form of an app store +- Offer a modern user interface. + +Let me explain each criteria. + +### User-friendliness ### + +This is such a hotly debatable topic. But the truth of the matter is – a new user must be able to pick up a flavor of Linux and just start using it, with little to no explaining. If too much explanation must be given, then the distribution is not user friendly. I hate to be that guy, but nearly any user can sit in front of a Windows 7 or OS X desktop and start using it with almost zero coaching. That is what every Linux desktop should shoot for. + +### Common apps ### + +Users should not have to install the necessities out of the box. Period. And just what are the necessities? The list grows shorter every year. Currently, the list of must-have apps are: + +- Web browser: Either Chrome or Firefox (sorry, all other browsers need not apply) +- Email client: Thunderbird is the obvious choice +- Office Suite: LibreOffice. End of story +- Music player: Play local files and connect to streaming services (such as Spotify). + +That's the short list of apps nearly every user depends upon. + +### App store ### + +Thanks to that ever-growing dependency on mobile devices, users have grown accustomed to app stores. Linux has had these for quite some time (Synaptic being one of the oldest). Without a well thought-out app store, users will struggle with adding software in the Linux environment. This is, without a doubt, crucial. + +### Modern interface ### + +I've mentioned the mobile landscape a number of times already. Thanks to iOS and Android, users have grown fond of the modern UI. The desktop needs to follow suit and draw the attention of users with a unique, modern, yet easy-to-use interface. The old metaphor is no longer as effective in a multi-touch-friendly, mobile world. +Top three distros + +With the criteria in place, which distributions meet (or exceed) our needs? First, let's examine the top three candidates. Each of the following meets (or exceeds) the criteria. + +#### Ubuntu #### + +[Ubuntu Linux][1] has long reigned the king of user-friendly Linux. Out of the box, it's a challenge to find a desktop (Unity) that is more engaging and easy to use... even for those unfamiliar to the platform. The desktop layout, although different, is logical and intuitive. With the addition of one of the single most powerful search tools of any desktop environment, Ubuntu Unity should be considered a crowning achievement among the Linux faithful. + +#### Linux Mint #### + +If there is a distribution set to usurp the crown from the king, it is [Linux Mint][2]. Linux Mint takes a more standard approach to the desktop, but layers just enough eye candy and variation to make it stand out from the long-in-the-tooth desktop metaphor. Linux Mint is based on Ubuntu, so it does benefit from the stability and reliability found in its big brother. + +#### Linux Deepin #### + +New to the user-friendly list is [Linux Deepin][3]. This relatively new distribution hails from China and should be making some serious waves. Why? Because it takes the Linux desktop and turns it into a thing of artistic beauty; while at the same time retaining a high level of user-friendliness. When the newest iteration of this distribution is released, I expect big things. Linux Deepin takes the GNOME 3 desktop and retools it into something completely different and completely marvelous. + +### Scoring the Distros ### + +With the top contenders listed, let's compare each to our criteria and rank each. Scoring for the distributions is as such: For each criteria, the distributions are ranked first to last (first getting 1 point, last getting 3 points). In the end, all scores are totaled to determine the winner -- lowest score wins. + +#### User-friendliness #### + +This is probably the tightest of categories and hardest to judge. Each distribution is tops in user-friendliness in different ways. In the end, I'd rank the top three: + +1. Linux Mint + +2. Ubuntu Linux + +3. Linux Deepin + +Why? Mint gains a slight edge simply because it still holds to the old metaphor of start menu, task bar, and desktop icons. The margin of victory is incredibly slim though, as both Ubuntu and Linux Deepin require next to zero learning curve – even for the yet-to-be-initiated. + +#### Common apps #### + +The only reason this category is hard to judge is because each distribution includes all of the necessary applications. Although Linux Deepin currently offers Kingsoft Office (one of the finest mobile office suite solutions), the plans are to default to LibreOffice in the 2014 release. + +One of my issues with the common apps falls into that of audio players. Though I stream a lot of music (using the Spotify client), when I play music on my local drive, I always use Clementine. The default players are: + +- Ubuntu: Rhythmbox +- Linux Mint: Banshee +- Linux Deepen: DMusic. + +Of the three, Banshee (Figure 1) offers the most features, DMusic (Figure 2) offers the best interface, and (surprisingly enough) Rhythmbox (Figure 3) is, by far, the least reliable. + +![](http://www.linux.com/images/stories/41373/banshee.png) + +banshee + +![](http://www.linux.com/images/stories/41373/dmusic.png) + +dmusic + +![](http://www.linux.com/images/stories/41373/rhythmbox.png) + +rhythmbox + +So, how do they score? Like so: + +1. Linux Mint + +2. Ubuntu Linux + +3. Linux Deepin + +#### App store #### + +This category cannot go without being addressed. Why? Because the app store can easily make or break a Linux distribution for a new user. There will always be apps needed and no new user wants to jump through the hoops of learning the command line. Each distribution has their own take on the app store. + +- Ubuntu: Ubuntu Software Center +- Mint: Software Manager +- Linux Deepin: Deepin Software Center + +It should be said, that each of these tools is based on the Ubuntu Software Center. What is odd about this is that it is the Ubuntu Software Center that lands squarely on the bottom. The primary reason for this is the Ubuntu Software Center is very slow – even on an incredibly powerful machine. + +I would order the app stores as such: + +1. Linux Deepin + +2. Linux Mint + +3. Ubuntu Linux + +Each of the app stores functions in a very similar manner. The reason Linux Deepin gets the top bill is twofold: The interface is easier to navigate and the application opens far faster than either the Ubuntu Software Manager or the Mint Software Manager. + +#### Modern interface #### + +This is the category in which Linux Mint falls way, way behind. Even though it does offer a bit of eye candy and a more shallow learning curve, Linux Mint still suffers from what is, by comparison, a very outdated desktop. Even on powerful hardware (with solid graphics), Linux Mint still looks like it could very easily have been transported from the late 1990s. To that end, we must look to either Ubuntu Linux or Linux Deepin to bring us into the future. The winner is: + +1. Linux Deepin + +2. Ubuntu Linux + +3. Linux Mint + +What Linux Deepin does is use GNOME 3 to create an amalgam of GNOME and OSX that works so beautifully, you think you're dealing with a piece of interactive art. + +### The overall winner ### + +Although this is very rudimentary, the order of our best Linux distro for new users would be: + +1. Linux Mint with a collective score of 7 + +2. Linux Deepin with a collective score of 8 + +3. Ubuntu Linux with a collective score of 9 + +If you're wondering about the 'writer opinion' of this piece, know this: I have used Ubuntu Linux for years (and still do). I have recently been quoted as saying “If there's a Linux distro that will sway me from Ubuntu, it's Linux Deepin.” Although I appreciate Linux Mint for what it is, I only use it for testing purposes. With that said, Linux Mint is the clear winner, when it comes to best Linux distribution for new users. + +Here's the real truth of this matter – you can't go wrong with any of these Linux desktops. They each shine in their own right. If you're looking for a true beauty, go with Linux Deepin. If you want a combination of beauty and ease of use, go with Ubuntu Linux. If you just want simplicity and you don't care about eye candy, go with Linux Mint. No matter which way you go, it's a win-win-win scenario. + +What do you think? How would you rank the three chosen desktops? Or, would you write in a completely different Linux distribution for best in show for the new users (and why)? + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.linux.com/news/software/applications/775873-the-best-linux-distribution-for-new-users/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.ubuntu.com/ +[2]:http://www.linuxmint.com/ +[3]:http://www.linuxdeepin.com/index.en.html \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/talk/20140610 Top 7 Desktop Environment For Linux.md b/sources/talk/20140610 Top 7 Desktop Environment For Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5c2d39eebd --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20140610 Top 7 Desktop Environment For Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +Top 7 Desktop Environment For Linux +================================================================================ +Standard Linux circulations regularly default to one of two desktop environments, KDE or GNOME. Both of these give clients an instinctive and attractive desktop, and also offering a verity of media inbuilt softwares, system programs, games, utilities, web development tools, programming tools and so on. These two desktops center all the more on giving clients a cutting edge computing environment with all the accessories emphasized in Windows OS, instead of minimizing the measure of system resources they require. + +If you are using Ubuntu (or other) and exhausted of utilizing Unity desktop constantly? At that point, you ought to look at different choices accessible that can swap unity for you. I have gathered 7 desktop environments that are great and you beyond any doubt would need to utilize them once you are finished with this article. + +### [Mate][1] ### + +![](http://i0.wp.com/pulpybucket.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/mate.png) + +Mate is a fork of GNOME2. It gives a natural and appealing desktop environment utilizing conventional representations for Linux and other Unix-like working frameworks. MATE is under dynamic improvement to include help for new advances while saving a conventional desktop experience. + +Ubuntu 14.04, surprisingly, permit clients to introduce the MATE desktop straight from the Ubuntu Software Center. + +### [KDE][2] ### + +![](http://i2.wp.com/pulpybucket.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Kubuntu-9.04-DesktopEffects.png) + +KDE is the other significant desktop look, close to Gnome. It is considered to be the flashier and most asset and heavy desktop environment of every one of them. It’s likewise the particular case that looks closest to Windows’ desktop without any extraordinary adjustments or templates. KDE has the most peculiarities, and in addition a huge measure of settings you can change to tweak your experience. There is likewise a considerable measure of topics accessible for KDE, so you can truly profit from KDE’s peculiarities and still have it look the way you need it to. + +### [Cinnamon][3] ### + +![](http://i1.wp.com/pulpybucket.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/WD9O-C08B-ESP5.jpg) + +Cinnamon is a Gtk+-based environment. It initially began as a fork of the GNOME Shell, which is a client interface, and was at first created by (and for) Linux Mint. Cinnamon is essentially proposed for utilization with a console and a Pointing gadget, in the same way as a mouse; use with a touchscreen is likewise conceivable. Rather than KDE Plasma Workspaces, there is one GUI. Cinnamon 2.0, the current version, was disclosed on 10 October 2013. + +### [Unity][4] ### + +![](http://i1.wp.com/pulpybucket.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Ubuntu_13.10_Desktop.png) + +Unity is an interface for the GNOME desktop environment created by Canonical Ltd. for its Ubuntu OS. Unity appeared in the netbook release of Ubuntu 10.10. It was at first intended to make more proficient utilization of space given the constrained screen size of netbooks, including, for instance, a vertical app switcher called launcher, and a vertical space saver multipurpose top menubar. Unity in not a collection of different applications, like GNOME, KDE, Xfce, or LXDE, it is developed to use available utilities. + +### [GNOME Shell][5] ### + +![](http://i0.wp.com/pulpybucket.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/GNOME_Shell_3.6.png) + +GNOME gives center interface capacities like exchanging windows, launch applications or see your notices. It exploits the capacities of cutting edge graphics hardware and gives attractive, innovative client interface ideas with give a delightful and simple to user experience. GNOME Shell is the defining technology of the GNOME 3 client experience. + +A stable release of GNOME Shell was disclosed as a vital a piece of GNOME on 3 March 2011. + +### [Xfce][6] ### + +![](http://i0.wp.com/pulpybucket.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/New-Picture1.jpg) + +Xfce is a lighter desktop environment that is focused around the GTK schema. It looks very like Gnome 2/MATE, however it’s a lighter alternative than those two. It’s additionally much lighter than KDEand Gnome 3, so it’s ideal for low-fueled gadgets or for frameworks whose holders look to achieve greatest execution. It’s not the lightest alternative accessible – continue perusing for that – however Xfce does accomplish an equalization of execution and capacity. + +### [LXDE][7] ### + +![](http://i2.wp.com/pulpybucket.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/LXDE_desktop_full.png) + +LXDE is ostensibly the lightest alternative accessible for a desktop environment, at least among those that the customary desktop standard. This GTK-based desktop environment replaces the greater part of the default apps with considerably lighter alternatives (think Abiword, Gnumeric, and so on rather than Libreoffice), and it offers no flash visual impacts – nor does it have great feel by and large, without highly weighted tweaks. But, it’s still has a nice looking desktop with full functionality that you ought to consider to use in the event that you need something fast and simple. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://pulpybucket.com/top-7-desktop-environment-linux/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://mate-desktop.org/ +[2]:http://kde.org/ +[3]:http://cinnamon.linuxmint.com/ +[4]:https://unity.ubuntu.com/ +[5]:http://www.gnome.org/ +[6]:http://xfce.org/ +[7]:http://lxde.org/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/20140610 How to set up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux.md b/sources/tech/20140610 How to set up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..85561234d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140610 How to set up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +How to set up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux +================================================================================ +In this tutorial, I'll explain how to share a single Internet connection among multiple devices on Linux. While consumer-grade WiFi routers have become mainstream nowadays, making this problem a non-issue, suppose you don't have one at home. However, say you have a Linux box already assembled with a modem and a LAN card. The modem is connected to the Internet with a dynamic public IP address, and the LAN card connected to your switch/hub. Other devices (Linux/Windows PC, laptop) are connected to the switch without having any Internet connection. To share the Internet connection of the Linux box, you have to turn the box into a gateway, so that it can relay traffic to and from other devices. + +### Glossary of Terms ### + +- **Private IP address** (non-routeable address) is an IP address used for a Local Area Network (not visible through Internet). +- **Public IP address** (routeable address) is an IP address that is visible through Internet. +- **IP masquerading** is a function that allows set of machines to reach the Internet via a MASQ gateway. Those machines behind the MASQ gateway is never visible to the Internet. Any outgoing and incoming traffic from and to the machines behind the MASQ gateway must pass through the MASQ gateway. +- **Network Address Translation** (NAT) is a function that can make a private IP address reaches the Internet with the help of IP masquerading. + +### Hardware Requirements ### + +- One Linux box with two interfaces (one public IP address and the other private IP address), which will be used as a gateway. +- One or more Linux/Windows PC or laptop with private IP addresses. +- Switch/HUB (optional). + +### Step-by-Step Guide ### + +The following procedure is required on the Linux box (the connection sharing gateway). + +#### 1. Activate IP forwarding #### + +In order to set up Internet connection sharing, you need to enable IP forwarding on the Linux box with a kernel parameter. Startup kernel parameters stored in /etc/sysctl.conf. + +Open the file, and locate line with the following parameter "# net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0". Remove hash mark (i.e., uncomment it), and set the value to 1. It should look like the following: + + net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 + +You may also activate IP forwaring at run time by the following command: + + $ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 + $ sudo sysctl -p + +#### 2. NAT configuration #### + +Another important part of Internet connection sharing is NAT configuration which can be done using iptables command. iptables maintains four firewall tables: + +- FILTER (the default table) +- NAT +- MANGLE +- RAW + +In this tutorial we will use only two tables: FILTER and NAT tables. + +First, flush all active firewall rules. + + $ sudo iptables -X + $ sudo iptables -F + $ sudo iptables -t nat -X + $ sudo iptables -t nat -F + +On the INPUT table, you have to set chain FORWARD to ACCEPT target, so all packets passed through the box will be processed correctly. + + $ sudo iptables -I INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT + $ sudo iptables -I FORWARD -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT + +On the NAT table, you have to enable IP masquerading for your WAN interface. We assume that the WAN interface is ppp0. To enable IP masquerading on ppp0 interface, you can use the following command: + + $ sudo iptables -t nat -I POSTROUTING -o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE + +#### 3. Configuring a private IP address #### + +After all configuration is completed on the Linux box, you have to configure the DNS server and default gateway of other devices (Linux/Windows PC, laptop), so that they point to the Linux box. Note that you don't need to set up a DNS server on the Linux box. Every DNS request from other devices are automatically forwarded by the Linux box to your upstream ISP. + +If you are using Linux on the other devices, you can use the following command to change their default gateway and DNS servers. I assume that you are using 192.168.1.0/24 private IP address segment, and that 192.168.1.1 is the IP address assigned to the Linux box. + + $ sudo ip route del default + $ sudo ip route add default via 192.168.1.1 + $ sudo sh -c "echo 'nameserver 192.168.1.1' > /etc/resolv.conf" + +If you have other Linux devices, you can repeat the command above on other devices. + +If you have a Windows device, you can change the default gateway and the DNS server via network connection properties on the control panel. + +#### 4. The complete script #### + +Here is the complete script which sets up Internet connection sharing on the Linux box. The WAN interface (ppp0) needs to be replaced according to your environment. + + $ sudo vi /usr/local/bin/ishare + +---------- + + #!/bin/bash + + ## Internet connection shating script + + sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 + sysctl -p + iptables -X + iptables -F + iptables -t nat -X + iptables -t nat -F + iptables -I INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT + iptables -I FORWARD -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT + iptables -t nat -I POSTROUTING -o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE + +Save the above script to /usr/local/bin/ishare, and then change the executable bit by the following command. + + $ sudo chmox +x /usr/local/bin/ishare + +If you want the script executed every startup, you can register the script to /etc/rc.local. Open /etc/rc.local, before statement "exit 0", add the following line: + + /usr/local/bin/ishare + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/06/internet-connection-sharing-iptables-linux.html + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file From 74821ef00618924799b1ad94daa0b81651e565b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: linuhap Date: Tue, 10 Jun 2014 18:02:53 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 507/601] translated --- ...Extract Images From Videos Using ffmpeg.md | 73 ------------------- ...Extract Images From Videos Using ffmpeg.md | 72 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 72 insertions(+), 73 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20140607 How To Extract Images From Videos Using ffmpeg.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20140607 How To Extract Images From Videos Using ffmpeg.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20140607 How To Extract Images From Videos Using ffmpeg.md b/sources/tech/20140607 How To Extract Images From Videos Using ffmpeg.md deleted file mode 100644 index 97cd0131ba..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20140607 How To Extract Images From Videos Using ffmpeg.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,73 +0,0 @@ -linuhap翻译中 -How To Extract Images From Videos Using ffmpeg -================================================================================ -Hi unixmen readers, - -Have you ever wanted to extract images from a video file? It is possible to do such thing in Linux and for this tutorial I will use ffmpeg to get images from a video. - -### What is ffmpeg? ### - -ffmpeg is a very useful command line program which can be used to transcode media files. It is part of the FFmpeg leading multimedia framework that has many functionalities such as the ability to decode, encode, transcode, mux, demux, stream, filter and play pretty much anything that humans and machines have created. - -There are many various tools included in the framework each of which has a specific role. For example the ffserver is used to stream multimedia for live broadcasts, ffprobe is used to analyze multimedia stream, ffplay can be used as a simple media player and **ffmpeg** has the ability to convert multimedia files between formats. - -If you are interested the followings are the developer libraries included in the FFmpeg framework: - -- libavutil is a library containing functions for simplifying programming, including random number generators, data structures, mathematics routines, core multimedia utilities, and much more. -- libavcodec is a library containing decoders and encoders for audio/video codecs. -- libavformat is a library containing demuxers and muxers for multimedia container formats. -- libavdevice is a library containing input and output devices for grabbing from and rendering to many common multimedia input/output software frameworks, including Video4Linux, Video4Linux2, VfW, and ALSA. -- libavfilter is a library containing media filters. -- libswscale is a library performing highly optimized image scaling and color space/pixel format conversion operations. -- libswresample is a library performing highly optimized audio resampling, rematrixing and sample format conversion operations. - -**Note**: ffmpeg and FFmpeg are not the same. FFmpeg is the framework and the ffmpeg one of the utilities included on it. - -### Let the action begin ### - -In order to follow this tutorial you need to install the ffmpeg command line utility in your linux machine. Ubuntu users can easily install the ffmpeg utility by typing and running the following command in their terminal. - - sudo apt-get install ffmpeg - -Fedora users can install ffmpeg directly from the repos. - - yum install ffmpeg - -Or you can compile it from source. Before compiling and installing it from source you need to download it from the official website with the help of the following command. - - wget http://www.ffmpeg.org/releases/ffmpeg-2.2.3.tar.bz2 - -Extract the archive with the following command. - - tar -xvjf ffmpeg-2.2.3.tar.bz2 - -Once the archive is extracted run the following command. - - ./configure - make - -Once the compile is finished run the following command to install ffmpeg. - - su -c 'make install' - -Not that everything is set up, all you have to is type a few commands in your terminal and you will be able to extract images from any type of video file. - -Before going any further make sure you are in the same directory with the video file from which you want to extract images from. Use the cd command to navigate to the right directory. Since the video I am using for the purpose of this tutorial is in my Desktop i use the following command to navigate to my desktop. - - cd /home/oltjano/Desktop - -Then I use the following command to extract images from my video file. - - ffmpeg -i "Тимати - Рентген ( Альбом '13')-C9Plztvv8ac.mp4" -r 1 -q:v 2 -f image2 image-3%d.jpeg - -The **-i** option serves to get the input which in my case is the video file named **Тимати – Рентген ( Альбом ’13′)-C9Plztvv8ac.mp4**, the -r option sets the number of frames to be extracted as images every second. I like to extract one frame every second. - -Then a very important option that should be mentioned and I like to use is the -q:v which is used to set the image quality of the images being extracted. I always get high quality images when extracting them from a video by using the value of 2. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.unixmen.com/extract-images-videos-using-ffmpeg/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 diff --git a/translated/tech/20140607 How To Extract Images From Videos Using ffmpeg.md b/translated/tech/20140607 How To Extract Images From Videos Using ffmpeg.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2de1fbfa63 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20140607 How To Extract Images From Videos Using ffmpeg.md @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +如何使用ffmpeg从视频中提取图片（有些专业词汇不太懂可能翻译错了，各位校译幸苦了） +================================================================================ +嗨，unixmen的读者们， + +你曾想过从一个视频文件中提取图片吗？在Linux中做这件事是有可能的，教程中我将使用ffmpeg来从视频中获取图片。 + +### 什么是ffmpeg？What is ffmpeg? ### + +ffmpeg是一个非常有用的命令行程序，它可以用来转码媒体文件。它是FFmpeg领先的多媒体框架的一部分，其有很多功能，比如解码、编码、转码、混流、分离、转化为流、过滤以及播放几乎所有的的由人和机器创建的媒体文件。 + +框架中包含有很多不同的工具，其中每一个都有特定的功能。例如，ffserver能够将多媒体文件转化为用于实时广播的流，ffprobe用于分析多媒体流，ffplay可以当作一个简易的媒体播放器，**ffmpeg**能够转换多媒体文件格式。 + +如果你感兴趣，以下是包括在FFmpeg框架中的开发者库： + +- libavutil是一个包含简化编程功能的库，其中包括随机数生成器，数据结构，数学代码，核心多媒体工具等更多东西。 +- libavcodec是一个包含音频/视频解码器和编码器的库。 +- libavformat是一个包含了多媒体格式的解析器和产生器的库。 +- libavdevice是一个包含输入输出设备的库，用于捕捉和渲染很多公共多媒体输入/输出软件框架，包括Video4Linux，Video4Linux2，VfW和ALSA。 +- libavfilter是一个包含媒体过滤器的库。 +- libswscale是一个用于执行高度优化的图像缩放和颜色空间/像素格式转换操作的库。 +- libswresample是一个用于执行高度优化的音频重采样，重新矩阵和样本格式转换操作的库。 + +**注意**：ffmpeg和FFmpeg并不一样。FFmpeg是一个框架而ffmpeg是一个FFmpeg中的一个功能。 + +### 开始行动 ### + +如果你想跟着教程做，你需要在你的linux机中安装ffmpeg命令行功能。Ubuntu用户可以在终端运行以下命令轻松安装ffmpeg功能。 + + sudo apt-get install ffmpeg + +Fedora用户可以从源中直接安装ffmpeg。 + + yum install ffmpeg + +或者你可以编译源代码。在你使用源代码编译并安装它之前，你需要从官网上下载源代码，使用以下命令。 + + wget http://www.ffmpeg.org/releases/ffmpeg-2.2.3.tar.bz2 + +用下面命令解压文档。 + + tar -xvjf ffmpeg-2.2.3.tar.bz2 + +文档解压完成后进入解压后的目录运行以下命令。 + + ./configure + make + +编译完成后运行下面的命令安装ffmpeg。 + + su -c 'make install' + +全部的事情并没有完成，而你将要做的所有事就是在终端键入一些命令而且将能够从任何视频文件中抓取图片。 + +在做之后的步骤前，确保你在想要提取图片的视频文件的目录下。使用cd命令切换到正确的目录。教程中我使用的视频在我的桌面上，我用以下命令将目录切换到我的桌面。 + + cd /home/oltjano/Desktop + +之后我使用以下命令从视频中提取图片。 + + ffmpeg -i "Тимати - Рентген ( Альбом '13')-C9Plztvv8ac.mp4" -r 1 -q:v 2 -f image2 image-3%d.jpeg + +**-i**选项用来获取输入文件，在这里是视频文件名**Тимати – Рентген ( Альбом ’13′)-C9Plztvv8ac.mp4**，-r选项设置每秒提取图片的帧数。我想要每秒提取一帧。 + +之后有一个重要的选项是-q:v，应该留意这个选项并且我很喜欢用它，它用来设置提取到的图片质量。我总是设置值为2来从视频中获取高质量图片。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.unixmen.com/extract-images-videos-using-ffmpeg/ + +译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From a643257df2d931ced70420e3430ac996d057e879 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: linuhap Date: Tue, 10 Jun 2014 18:08:46 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 508/601] translating --- .../talk/20140610 The Best Linux Distribution for New Users.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/20140610 The Best Linux Distribution for New Users.md b/sources/talk/20140610 The Best Linux Distribution for New Users.md index 64db4761d3..b504580b11 100644 --- a/sources/talk/20140610 The Best Linux Distribution for New Users.md +++ b/sources/talk/20140610 The Best Linux Distribution for New Users.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +linuhap翻译中 The Best Linux Distribution for New Users ================================================================================ This is a debate that most certainly brings out the beast in many a Linux user. The argument doesn't generally boil down to which distribution is truly best suited for new users, but which distribution is favored by those in the debate. If we set our personal preferences aside, a clearer picture can arise. But even that clarity can quickly get obscured by the needs and desires of the new users. Given that, I decided to take a different approach to finding the “best distro for new users." My criteria for best distribution must not only be easy to use, but also must appeal to a more modern design aesthetic brought about by the ever-growing thrust of the mobile interface metaphor. @@ -155,4 +156,4 @@ via: http://www.linux.com/news/software/applications/775873-the-best-linux-distr [1]:http://www.ubuntu.com/ [2]:http://www.linuxmint.com/ -[3]:http://www.linuxdeepin.com/index.en.html \ No newline at end of file +[3]:http://www.linuxdeepin.com/index.en.html From b2ceebbbc4fc773342e783a344e637565447af93 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Tue, 10 Jun 2014 22:37:16 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 509/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9ATechView--Li?= =?UTF-8?q?nus=20Torvalds=20Inventor=20of=20Linux?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...hView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md | 11 +++ ...hView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md | 92 ------------------- 2 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 92 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md delete mode 100644 translated/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md diff --git a/published/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md b/published/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3e0cf8a92c --- /dev/null +++ b/published/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +技术视点：李纳斯·托沃兹，Linux的缔造者 ================================================================================ ![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Linus_Torvalds%2C_2002%2C_Australian_Linux_conference.jpg/800px-Linus_Torvalds%2C_2002%2C_Australian_Linux_conference.jpg) > 我们的第一个谈话对象是[李纳斯·托沃兹][1]，Linux的传奇缔造者以及开源革命的先驱。托沃兹生于芬兰的赫尔辛基，是诗人奥尔·托沃兹的孙子。尽管他更喜欢告诉人们，他的名字来自于《花生漫画》中的角色，但事实是他是以李纳斯·鲍林——一位两次诺贝尔奖获得者的名字来命名的。他的计算机经历是从一台Commodore计算机上开始的，后来换成了Sinclair和IBM的386。他起初使用的是Minix操作系统，后来换成了他自己的Linux操作系统。托沃兹的妻子托芙是六次芬兰全国空手道冠军，婚后他们定居在加利佛尼亚的圣何塞，育有三个女儿。 **技术视点（TV）**：在当今的技术中，有什么令你感兴趣？ **托沃兹**：我差不多是个“鼠目寸光”的家伙，所以相对于那些更空洞的“大潮流”，我对实实在在的技术创新更感兴趣。 我很关注硬件厂商的新产品和最新的芯片，而最能吸引我的（因为毕竟我是个做软件的）是那些开发出新的算法和软件来充分利用这些新功能的人。 **TV**：那在当今科技中，什么会让你感到恼火？它是怎么以及为什么让你愤怒？ **托沃兹**：我不会用“愤怒”这个词，但是如果真要说技术领域中有什么让人反感的，那无疑是对那些头顶光环的“领袖”们的赞美。 是的，这种情况也发生在我身上。但是我很不喜欢人们把我以及我所说的话太当回事。我认为，现在流行的“个人崇拜”相当令人不安，即使是对于乔布斯，埃里森，盖茨等众所周知的领袖来说，这个现象也不正常。我希望更多的人能有自主思考，并能意识到技术发展实际上来源于遍布全球的那些默默无闻的伟大工程师的共同智慧。 我理解人们渴望明星，而这种事也不仅仅发生在技术世界中（嘿，我的确希望这事在技术世界中要比娱乐行业来得少 ;) ），但是，这还是有点令人沮丧。 **TV**：相比Red Hat和SuSE,你为什么没有抓住商业授权的机遇？难道如果Linux不开源，它就不会成为Linux了吗？你能谈谈更多情况吗？你是否曾在此事上感到过后悔？ **托沃兹**：我肯定不会因为任何事情自责。我现在身在一个令人羡慕的位置上，我能干我喜欢的事情，并赢得大家的尊重。况且，以前一文不得的时候我就很享受我的工作，而现在我从工作中得到了不错的报酬 我相信，很少有人能有机会做与众不同的事情，让我来告诉你吧，这种感觉真不错。对于商业，我从来都不感兴趣。对我来说，那些把Linux商业化的人替我做了我从没有动力做的事情。而这项工作的确需要人做，也很有益。因此，事实上我很感谢那些商业机构，它们让我能集中精力干我想干的那部分事情。 **TV**：在当今的科技界，你尊敬的人有哪些？为什么？ **托沃兹**：哈！这个问题又绕回了我对于“个人崇拜”的看法，对“让我们找个人并把他神化”这种事，我一点兴趣都没有。 所以，相比列出来个人名单，我更尊敬像EFF这样的组织，甚至有时候只是观念和想法。因为它们不是要单纯获取自身利益，而是努力去做一些实质性的事情来让技术在一个更大的蓝图中更好地发挥作用。 在个人层面上，我更喜欢那些不自骄自傲，同时又在他们的本职工作上干得很好的人。如果一定要我说一些知名人士，我想我更愿意成为斯蒂芬·沃兹尼克那样的人，我想这也是我尊敬他的原因。 **TV**：就谷歌和微软而言，你认为哪个更成功？为什么？ **托沃兹**：我认为，相对胜利者来说，两家公司竞争的过程才是更有趣的。 在谷歌和微软的竞争中，我真的不认为两家公司本身比技术的变革更为有趣。这种变革的本质是从对单个计算机的控制转向对成千上万独立计算机的整合。 **TV**：你认为像科技灾难、互联网泡沫崩溃以及电信业崩盘这样的事为什么会发生？我们在今后怎样来防止它们再发生？ **托沃兹**：实际上，我对此类事情持相反的看法，而且我认为没有必要去防止它们再次发生。 我坚信我们应该努力去挑战极限，而不是追求百分之百的稳定和理性 大多数技术发展都不是有规律可循的，有的像火山爆发，有的事后可能被认为是夸大其词，有的刚出来时一点都不讨人喜欢。但事实上，如果太过努力去保持理性和避免做蠢事，就会扼杀创造力。 我个人认为，真正稳定可靠的发展模式不是持续的微创新，而是通过超载和崩溃带来的系统演替。持续的微创新虽然看起来是一个好的选择，但是不经历超载和崩溃，你怎么可能发现系统的极限，并对它进行改进呢？ **TV**：技术在未来会怎样改变我们的生活？你会和其它领域的领军者一起创建新技术吗，比如生物信息学？ **托沃兹**：我个人的理论是，技术对我们的生活的改变，远没有我们构建技术来适应我们的生活来得多。 这就是为什么你看不到飞行汽车等科幻小说中受欢迎的东西——但是相反，你却看到了利用技术来降低成本，使得一些此前就存在但是却因为成本因素不能大规模应用或者量身定制的事情被更多人接受。 因此，技术很少直接改变我们的生活本身——虽然它往往意味着更多的人能获得那些以前罕见的或只限于土豪们的东西。 真正的改变发生在当某些事物变得如此廉价并且随手可得，从而改变了你的行为的时候。而在很多方面，这些行为上的改变要比技术本身来得更有趣。 例如，互联网带来的一大革命，是让你可以用极低的成本找到志趣相投的人并与他们进行交流。而且，我认为许多真正的改变正是来自于当人们无需付出太多努力就能找到其他对同一事物有相同兴趣的人时，他们的习惯会如何改变。 因此，你发现了所有的这些专业兴趣小组，许多人都在花大量时间讨论那些最神秘的问题，他们刚刚发现这些问题很有趣——这些事，你在之前不一定能实际去做，因为那时真的很难找到和你一样在某些不同寻常的专业上感兴趣的人并进行讨论。 而我认为那是生活真正改变的方式——不是因为任何新技术的出色特性，而完全是因为技术降低边际成本后带来的惊喜。 **TV**：就你而言，谁是当今科技界最举足轻重的人物？ **托沃兹**：我想大量的技术由消费市场推动，而不再是由军方或商业需求推动这一点很说明问题。我也常常认为，许多公司正在推进的愚蠢事情（特别是DRM）都忽略了一个事实：任何技术上最重要的人，最终总是“用户”。 因此，就我而言，我认为你的问题的答案是“用户”，或者叫“消费者”，而这确实是最重要的部分，因为用户正是市场需求和商业成功的根源。 **TV**：请谈一些你个人的观点吧，比如宗教？政治？ **托沃兹**：我完全是一个虔诚的——无神论者。我发现人们似乎认为宗教带给人道德和对自然的敬畏，但事实上我认为它反而把这两方面都削弱了。它给了人们借口说“哇，世界是被创造出来的”，而创世是神秘而不可测的。我更欣赏的说法是“哇，真让人难以置信，这样的事情竟然会首先发生”。具有讽刺意味的是，在许多欧洲国家，国家和宗教已经从法律意义上结合在了一起。 我现在是一位美国公民，并且我也拥有投票权。但是，坦率地说，我不支持任何政党，因为我的个人骄傲不允许我和任何政党有关联。 **TV**：谢谢，李纳斯！ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/billrobinson/techview-linus-torvalds-i_b_5338844.html + +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[reinoir](https://github.com/reinoir),mahua + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds diff --git a/translated/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md b/translated/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md deleted file mode 100644 index 560bab9dbb..0000000000 --- a/translated/talk/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,92 +0,0 @@ -技术视点：李纳斯·托沃兹，Linux的缔造者 -================================================================================ -![](http://images.huffingtonpost.com/2012-06-27-techscapelogocolumn1.jpg) - - -> 我们的第一个谈话对象是[李纳斯·托沃兹][1]，Linux的传奇缔造者以及开源改革先驱。托沃兹生于芬兰的赫尔辛基，是诗人奥尔·托沃兹的孙子。尽管他更喜欢告诉人们，他的名字来自于《花生漫画》中的角色，但事实是他是以李纳斯·鲍林——一位两次诺贝尔奖获得者的名字来命名的。他的计算机经历是从一台Commodore计算机上开始的，后来换成了Sinclair和IBM的386上。刚开始，他使用的是Minix操作系统，后来换成了他自己的Linux操作系统。托沃兹和他的妻子托芙——一位六次芬兰全国空手道冠军结婚了，婚后他们定居在加利佛尼亚的圣何塞，育有三个女儿。 - -**技术视点（TV）**：在当今的技术中，有什么令你感兴趣？ - -**托沃兹**：我差不多是个“鼠目寸光”的家伙，所以相对于那些更空洞的“大潮流”，我对技术中实在的新东西更感兴趣。 - -我喜欢关注硬件公司生产的新产品，关注他们最新的芯片，而其中可能最能吸引我的（因为毕竟我是个做软件的）是那些提出新的算法并开发出新的软件来利用这些新功能的人。 - -**TV**：那在当今科技中，什么真正让你感到恼火？它是怎么以及为什么让你生气？ - -**托沃兹**：我不会用生气这个词，但是如果真要说技术市场中有什么让人反感的，那就是对那些最令人瞩目的“领袖”们的赞美。 - -这里，当然也包括我。我认为，整个的“个人崇拜”相当令人不安。而且，我很痛恨把我以及我所说的话看得太重。对于乔布斯，埃里森，盖茨等所谓的领袖，都是如此。我希望更多的人能自己思考，并且意识到技术实际上来自遍布全球的那些默默无闻的伟大工程师中的任意一员。 - -我理解人们想要并且需要一个焦点，而这种事也不仅仅发生在技术世界中（嘿，毫无疑问，我希望这事在技术世界中要发生得比娱乐行业来得少 ;) ），但是，这事仍然有点令人沮丧。 - -**TV**：你是怎么错过“毕生机遇”，而其它像Red Hat，SuSE等等却抓住了它？这是因为如果Linux不开源，它起初就不会成为Linux了吗？你能谈谈更多情况吗？你是否曾在此事上感到过后悔？ - -**托沃兹**：我当然不会因为任何事情后悔。我现在身在一个令人羡慕的位置上，我能干我喜欢的事情。而且，人们因此而尊重我。况且，我自由的能做我想做（也做了）的事情。 - -我想，很少有人会喜欢自己变得与众不同，那么让我来告诉你吧，这种感觉真不错。对于商业方面，我从来都不感兴趣。而且，对我来说，那些可以采用Linux并把它商用的人和公司只是做了我从没有动力做的事情。而这项工作需要人做，也很有益。因此，事实上我很感谢那些商业实体：它们让我能集中精力干我想干的那部分事情。 - -**TV**：在当今的科技界，哪位是你尊敬的人？为什么？ - -**托沃兹**：嗨！看看我对于整个“个人崇拜”的控诉吧。我只是对“让我们找个人并把他置于令人尊敬的地位上”这种事一点兴趣都没有。 - -所以，比起列出一些著名的人，我更乐意给出一些像是EFF这样的组织，这些组织（以及有时候只是观念和想法）不是要试着去穷其一生提升他们自己，而是试着去做一些实质性的事情来给予帮助，让技术工作在一个更大的蓝图中变得更好。 - -在个人层面上，我更喜欢那些不把他们自己太当一回事，同时又在他们的本职工作上干得很好的人。如果一定要我说一些知名人士，我想我更愿意成为斯蒂芬·沃兹尼克那样的人，我想这也是我尊敬他的原因。 - -**TV**：在谷歌和微软的言行上，你更敬佩哪个？成功者为什么成功？ - -**托沃兹**：我不认为成功的结果会和成功的过程一样有趣。 - -在整个谷歌和微软的竞争中，我真的不认为公司本身相比技术环境中那些吸引人们视线的变革更为有趣。这个竞争，已经从对单个计算机的控制，升级为对成千上万独立计算机的整合。 - -**TV**：你认为像科技灾难、互联网泡沫崩溃以及电信业崩盘这样的事为什么会发生？我们在今后怎样来防止它们再发生？ - -**托沃兹**：实际上，我对此类事情持相反的看法，并且没有理由去“阻止它们反复”。 - -我坚信万物能够超越极限，但是我不太相信事物能够达到完全稳定、并且百分百“正常”的状态。 - -大量真正的进展在井喷似的发生，而后来成了被称为“夸大宣传”以及其它不讨好的事情的一部分。但在这件事上，太过努力去尝试变得稳定、无聊、不做蠢事，实在是与创造性的初衷相悖了。 - -我个人认为，稳定开发模型不是持续的增量改进的方案之一，而是一连串的超载和崩溃。 - -渐进增量改进常常可能看起来是更好的策略，但是如果你没有偶然地经历过超载和崩溃，你又怎么知道你确实是在超越极限呢？ - -**TV**：技术在将来会怎样改变我们的生活？你会和其它领域的领军者们一起创建新技术吗，比如生物信息学？ - -**托沃兹**：我个人的理论是，技术对我们的生活的改变，远没有我们构建技术来适应我们的生活来得多。 - -这就是为什么你看不到飞行汽车等科幻小说中受欢迎的东西——但是相反，你却看到了利用技术来降低交易成本等，这类此前就存在、但不能大规模应用或者量身定制的事情（除了有时候为那些富得冒油的人做）。 - -因此，技术很少直接改变我们的生活本身——虽然它往往意味着更多的人能获得那些以前罕见的或只限于土豪们的东西。 - -真正的改变发生在当某些事物变得如此廉价并且遍地都是让你的行为变得大不相同的时候。而在不同方面，这些行为上的改变要比技术本身来得更有趣。 - -例如，互联网真正做成的一件事，是让你寻找并与志趣相投的人交流的成本降得更低。而且，我认为许多真正的改变正是来自于人们无需付出太多努力就能找到其他对同一事物有相同兴趣的人，他们的习惯因此而在改变中得以体现。 - -因此，你发现了所有的这些专业兴趣小组，许多人都在花大量时间讨论那些最神秘的问题，他们刚刚发现这些问题很有趣——这些事，你在之前不一定能实际去做，因为那时真的很难找到和你在某些不同寻常的专业上志趣相投人并进行讨论。 - -而我认为那是生活真正改变的方式——不是因为任何新技术的出色特性，而完全是因为技术降低增量成本后的无意副作用。 - -**TV**：据你估计，当今科技界谁是举足轻重的人物？ - -**托沃兹**：我想大量的技术由消费市场推动，而不再是由军方或商业需求推动这一点很说明问题。我也常常认为公司正在做的许多貌似愚蠢的事情（特别是DRM）似乎正因为忽略了一个事实：任何技术上最重要的人，最终总是“用户”。 - -因此，就我而言，我认为你的问题的答案是“用户”，或者叫“消费者”，而那个确实是最重要的部分，因为那个正是需求和实际商业成功的根源。 - -**TV**：请谈一些你个人的观点吧，比如宗教？政治？ - -**托沃兹**：我完全是一个虔诚的——无神论者。我发现人们似乎认为宗教带给人道德和感激自然的情感。事实上我认为，它反而把这两方面都削弱了。它给人们理由来说“哦，自然刚被创立”，以及创世行为是神奇的事情。我欣赏着“哇，真让人难以置信，竟然首先发生了这样的事情”。在许多欧洲国家，国家和宗教之间实际上具有法律约束力，是的，这正是一种讽刺。 - -我成了一位美国公民，并且我注册取得了在美国的投票权。我不支持任何政党，因为相当坦率地说，我的前进道路上有太多个人引以为豪的东西，不想和他们中的任何人有什么关联。 - -**TV**：谢谢，李纳斯！ - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/billrobinson/techview-linus-torvalds-i_b_5338844.html - -译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[reinoir](https://github.com/reinoir) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds From aca2f4c059ac4fa292ed0f5c116081c9a35d7e82 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: yujianxuechuan Date: Tue, 10 Jun 2014 22:37:39 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 510/601] Translating 20140610\ How\ to\ set\ up\ Internet\ connection\ sharing\ with\ iptables\ on\ Linux.md --- ...et up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140610 How to set up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux.md b/sources/tech/20140610 How to set up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux.md index 85561234d2..b66e51bd3f 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140610 How to set up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140610 How to set up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +Translating by yujianxuechuan,占坑 How to set up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux ================================================================================ In this tutorial, I'll explain how to share a single Internet connection among multiple devices on Linux. While consumer-grade WiFi routers have become mainstream nowadays, making this problem a non-issue, suppose you don't have one at home. However, say you have a Linux box already assembled with a modem and a LAN card. The modem is connected to the Internet with a dynamic public IP address, and the LAN card connected to your switch/hub. Other devices (Linux/Windows PC, laptop) are connected to the switch without having any Internet connection. To share the Internet connection of the Linux box, you have to turn the box into a gateway, so that it can relay traffic to and from other devices. @@ -109,4 +110,4 @@ via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/06/internet-connection-sharing-iptables-linux.html 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 4fa07bde4324317391dfa59433e571b1577229b7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Tue, 10 Jun 2014 23:38:41 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 511/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AInstall=20So?= =?UTF-8?q?undCloud=20In=20Ubuntu=2014.04?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @GOLinux 明天发布 --- .../Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md | 13 ++++++++----- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md (61%) diff --git a/translated/tech/Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md b/published/Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md similarity index 61% rename from translated/tech/Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md rename to published/Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md index 19a7b37f80..dc727f3885 100644 --- a/translated/tech/Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ b/published/Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ Ubuntu 14.04安装声云（SoundCloud） ================================================================================ -[SoundCloud][1]是一个发现交流音乐或印地音乐的很棒的平台。如果你是声云（SoundCloud）的粉丝，你可以在Ubuntu 14.04，或者其早期版本以及Linux Mint、Elementary OS等其它Linux发行版中作为“桌面应用”来尝试。 +[SoundCloud][1]是一个发现alternate音乐和 indi音乐的很棒的平台。如果你是声云（SoundCloud）的粉丝，你可以在Ubuntu 14.04，或者其早期版本以及Linux Mint、Elementary OS等其它Linux发行版中作为“桌面应用”来尝试。 要**在Ubuntu 14.04中安装声云（SoundCloud）**，我们将使用与[在Ubuntu中安装Google Keep][2]相同的方法来安装。上次我们使用Google Chrome来安装Google Keep，而这次我们将使用Firefox来安装声云（SoundCloud）。 + ### 在Ubuntu 14.04和Linux Mint中安装声云（SoundCloud）： ### + 由于Ubuntu（以及大多数其它Linux发行版）预装了Firefox，只需打开Firefox并转到该地址：[https://marketplace.firefox.com/][3]。 -Firefox应用市场是Chrome商店的替代品，里面提供了一些用于Firefox智能手机OS的应用，和Firefox网页浏览器一样。在Firefox应用市场中搜索声云（SoundCloud），点击安装（install）来安装，并作为Web应用添加到Ubuntu中。 +Firefox应用市场是Chrome商店的替代品，类似于Firefox网页浏览器的应用市场，里面提供了一些用于Firefox智能手机OS的应用。在Firefox应用市场中搜索声云（SoundCloud），点击安装（install）来安装，并作为Web应用添加到Ubuntu中。 ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Firefox_SoundClud.jpeg) -一旦完成，你可以通过在Unity Dash中搜索声云（SoundCloud）应用来启动它。下图展示了Ubuntu 14.04 Unity中该应用的外观： +完成后，你可以通过在Unity Dash中搜索声云（SoundCloud）应用来启动它。下图展示了Ubuntu 14.04 Unity中该应用的外观： ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/SoundCloud_Ubuntu.jpeg) ### 卸载从Firefox应用市场安装的声云（SoundCloud）应用 ### -不要过于兴奋了。该桌面没有整合声音菜单，我也不能对桌面通知持相同看法，但是这的确比Web应用要好，至少我是这么认为的。但是如果你感到不满意，那么就卸载它吧，这在Ubuntu中也很容易。 + +不要过于兴奋了。该桌面没有整合声音菜单，桌面通知也一样没有，但是这的确比Web版应用要好，至少我是这么认为的。但是如果你感到不满意，那么就卸载它吧，这在Ubuntu中也很容易。 运行声云（SoundCloud），在Unity启动器上**右击**声云（SoundCloud）图标，然后点击**卸载应用（uninstall app）**。 @@ -26,7 +29,7 @@ Firefox应用市场是Chrome商店的替代品，里面提供了一些用于Fire via: http://itsfoss.com/install-soundcloud-ubuntu-1404/ -译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 8d0d9783f986c7e8ac956df5fd7b0747393b7d8d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Wed, 11 Jun 2014 00:17:47 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 512/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AGuide=20To?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Install=20Ubuntu=2014.04=20In=20Dual=20Boot=20Mode=20With=20?= =?UTF-8?q?Windows=208=20Or=208.1=20UEFI?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @alim0x 明天发布 --- ...al Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md | 21 ++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md (80%) diff --git a/translated/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md b/published/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md similarity index 80% rename from translated/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md rename to published/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md index c6a59514a0..ea718cc18a 100644 --- a/translated/tech/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md +++ b/published/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -第四步中的步骤根据实际情况进行了适当修改，Windows操作以及Ubuntu安装过程中的名词根据中文版实际情况进行了修改。第六步中从USB启动的步骤感觉不大对，需要确认。第六步第三段实际中选择语言和安装或试用在同一界面，选择语言那句翻译需要确认。 - 在UEFI模式下安装Ubuntu 14.04与Windows 8/8.1双启动 ================================================================================ ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Dual_Boot_Windows8_Ubuntu_1404.jpeg) @@ -32,11 +30,11 @@ ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/disk_partition.jpeg) -在磁盘管理工具中，右键点击你想划分并压缩的卷。在我的演示中，我选择C盘进行压缩卷，划分出未分配空间： +在磁盘管理工具中，右键点击你想划分并缩小的卷。在我的演示中，我选择C盘的卷进行缩小，划分出未分配空间： ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/disk_partition_Windows8.jpeg) -你可以就这么保留着未分配空间。我们会在安装Ubuntu时用到它。 +缩小后出现的未分配空间就放在那里好了，不用对其分区和格式化。我们会在安装Ubuntu时用到它。 #### 第四步：在Windows中禁用快速启动 [可选] #### @@ -48,13 +46,15 @@ 这是最重要的步骤。Windows 8新的安全启动（secure boot）原本是针对rootkit病毒的安全特性，但它也阻止了Windows和Linux的双启动。为了实现Windows和Linux的双启动，我们必须在UEFI中禁用安全启动（secure boot）。 +可以参见：[如何在 Win8 上禁用 UEFI 安全引导以安装Linux][4]。 + #### 第六步：安装Ubuntu，与Windows 8共存 #### 一旦你禁用了安全启动（secure boot），那就是时候安装Ubuntu了。我希望你像第二步中提到的一样创建了一个USB启动盘。插入U盘，然后从U盘启动系统。 -要从USB启动，需要在Windows中选择从USB启动选项。从电脑设置（像UEFI）中选择或在点击重新启动的时候按住Shift键。 +要从USB启动，需要在Windows中选择从USB启动的选项。从电脑设置（像UEFI）中选择选项或在点击“重新启动”的时候按住Shift键。 -当你启动到live USB模式后，你会看到试用（try）或者安装（install）Ubuntu。选择语言，然后点击安装Ubuntu（install）。接下来是关于硬盘空间，电源和网络连接等等的一些检查。只需点击**继续**。 +当你用USB启动盘启动后，你会看到试用（try）或者安装（install）Ubuntu的选择，这里要点击“安装”。另外在屏幕上不多的设置选项里面，你可以选择你用的语言。接下来是关于硬盘空间，电源和网络连接等等的一些检查。只需点击**继续**。 ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Installing_Windows8_Ubuntu.jpeg) @@ -62,11 +62,11 @@ ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Installing_Windows8_Ubuntu_1.jpeg) -还记得我们事先划分的未分配空间吗？我们将用它来创建根分区（Root），交换空间（Swap）以及家目录（Home）。选择空闲（free space）然后点击加号（+）。 +还记得我们事先划分的未分配空间吗？我们将用它来创建根分区（ / ），交换空间（Swap）以及家目录（Home）。选择空闲（free space）然后点击加号（+）。 ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Installing_Windows8_Ubuntu_2.jpeg) -它会给你提供创建Linux分区的选项。我们正在创建根分区（Root）。10-20GB空间就足够了。选择大小（Size），选择Ext 4作为文件系统以及/（意思是根-root）作为挂载点（Mount point）。 +它会给你提供创建Linux分区的选项。我们正在创建根分区 /。10到20GB空间就足够了。选择大小（Size），然后选择Ext 4作为文件系统以及 /（意思是根）作为挂载点（Mount point）。 ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Installing_Windows8_Ubuntu_3.png) @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Installing_Windows8_Ubuntu_5.png) -分配好了根分区（Root），交换空间（Swap）和家目录（Home）之后，点击**现在安装（Install Now）**： +分配好了根分区（ / ），交换空间（Swap）和家目录（Home）之后，点击**现在安装（Install Now）**： ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Installing_Windows8_Ubuntu_6.jpeg) @@ -92,10 +92,11 @@ via: http://itsfoss.com/install-ubuntu-1404-dual-boot-mode-windows-8-81-uefi/ -译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [1]:http://itsfoss.com/install-ubuntu-dual-boot-mode-windows/ [2]:http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/6-safest-ways-to-backup-restore-your-files-in-windows-7-8/ [3]:http://www.pendrivelinux.com/universal-usb-installer-easy-as-1-2-3/ +[4]:http://linux.cn/article-3061-1.html From 8ab79c55df7d6544a562e9fdcf0ee3f7e6f17d17 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: chunxiao ye Date: Wed, 11 Jun 2014 11:19:12 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 513/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E4=B9=8C=E9=BE=99=E8=8C=B6=E7=BF=BB?= =?UTF-8?q?=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md | 55 ------------------- ... Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md | 54 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 54 insertions(+), 55 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md diff --git a/sources/tech/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md b/sources/tech/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md deleted file mode 100644 index e11f0c74b1..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,55 +0,0 @@ -乌龙茶 占坑 -10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use! -================================================================================ -From content management systems to simple tables, databases are a part of every development project nowadays. That is why developers lay so much emphasis on using the right kind of database tools. Here are some that may be of help to you! - -![](http://www.efytimes.com/admin/useradmin/photo/LuMX31155AM5132014.jpeg) - -#### 1. [Autotabla][1] #### - -Autotabla is a CGI web interface to your programs' SQL tables. Just provide an XML description of your schema, and you'll be able to create/modify/delete records. HTML output fully customisable through CSS. Database independence through Perl/DBI. - -#### 2. [Cruddy!][2] #### - -Cruddy! is an application of the CGI::CRUD framework that provides an instant web front-end CRUD interface to your database. - -#### 3. [myPhile][3] #### - -This is a customisable generic front-end for MySQL tables. - -#### 4. [NG-Admin][4] #### - -This is a content management tool for databases. - -#### 5. [phpMoAdmin][5] #### - -This is a MongoDB administration tool for PHP. - -#### 6. [phpMSAdmin][6] #### - -phpMSAdmin is a tool written in PHP that allows you to administer a Microsoft SQL Server through a web browser, without the need for Windows or the proprietary Enterprise Manager. It allows you to create/modify: databases, tables, views, triggers, etc. - -#### 7. [RockMongo][7] #### - -RockMongo, a MongoDB administration tool, written in PHP5, is Best in PHP world, more like PHPMyAdmin. - -#### 8. [WizMySQLAdmin][8] #### - -WizMySQLAdmin is a MySQL database manager like the most famous phpMyAdmin, but it's very simple to install and maintain. It's composed by only one file, and it support multiple databases and tables creation and manipulation. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.efytimes.com/e1/fullnews.asp?edid=138307 - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/autotabla/ -[2]:http://www.thesmbexchange.com/cruddy/ -[3]:http://efytimes.com/e1/companionway.net -[4]:http://www.ng-marketing.com/wuerzburg/ -[5]:http://phpmoadmin.com/ -[6]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/phpmsadmin/ -[7]:http://rockmongo.com/ -[8]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/wizmysqadmin/ diff --git a/translated/tech/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md b/translated/tech/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b47490add4 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +10款适合Linux用户使用的数据库！ +================================================================================ +从内容管理系统到简单的表格，数据库是每一个开发项目的一部分。这就是为什么开发者们如此强调使用正确类型的数据库工具。下面这些可能对您有所帮助！ + +![](http://www.efytimes.com/admin/useradmin/photo/LuMX31155AM5132014.jpeg) + +#### 1. [Autotabla][1] #### + +Autotabla是一个对你的程序以CGI Web为界面的SQL表。只需要提供你架构的XML描述，你就可以创建/修改/删除记录。 HTML输出通过CSS完全自定义。通过Perl/DBI保证数据库的独立性。 + +#### 2. [Cruddy!][2] #### + +Cruddy！是一个以CGI::CRUD为框架的应用程序，它为你的数据库提供了一个即时的Web前端的CRUD接口。 + +#### 3. [myPhile][3] #### + +这是一个可定制通用前端的MySQL表。 + +#### 4. [NG-Admin][4] #### + +这是一个内容管理工具的数据库。 + +#### 5. [phpMoAdmin][5] #### + +这是一个PHP语言的MongoDB管理工具。 + +#### 6. [phpMSAdmin][6] #### + +phpMSAdmin是用PHP编写的工具，它允许您通过Web浏览器管理一个微软的SQL Server ，而不需要Windows或专有的企业管理器。它允许你创建/修改：数据库，表，视图，触发器等 + +#### 7. [RockMongo][7] #### + +RockMongo，一个MongoDB的管理工具，在PHP5中实现，最好是在PHP中使用，更多的，像phpMyAdmin。 + +#### 8. [WizMySQLAdmin][8] #### + +WizMySQLAdmin就像是最有名的phpMyAdmin的MySQL数据库管理器，但它非常易于安装和维护。它只由一个文件组成，并支持多种数据库和表的创建和处理。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.efytimes.com/e1/fullnews.asp?edid=138307 + +译者：[乌龙茶](https://github.com/yechuxiao19) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/autotabla/ +[2]:http://www.thesmbexchange.com/cruddy/ +[3]:http://efytimes.com/e1/companionway.net +[4]:http://www.ng-marketing.com/wuerzburg/ +[5]:http://phpmoadmin.com/ +[6]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/phpmsadmin/ +[7]:http://rockmongo.com/ +[8]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/wizmysqadmin/ From 6f34520e9e2a82df568c54902a0542c4e4650478 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Wed, 11 Jun 2014 13:48:53 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 514/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140611-1=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md | 84 ++++++++++++++++++ ...ere Raise $10M From Andreessen Horowitz.md | 50 +++++++++++ ...s CEO Sees Open Source Cloud Domination.md | 33 +++++++ ...ing Your Home Directory in Ubuntu 14.04.md | 87 +++++++++++++++++++ 4 files changed, 254 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/20140611 HTG Explains--What' s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md create mode 100644 sources/talk/20140611 Little Known Apache Mesos Project Helps Mesosphere Raise $10M From Andreessen Horowitz.md create mode 100644 sources/talk/20140611 Red Hat's CEO Sees Open Source Cloud Domination.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140611 How to Prevent Other Users From Accessing Your Home Directory in Ubuntu 14.04.md diff --git a/sources/talk/20140611 HTG Explains--What' s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md b/sources/talk/20140611 HTG Explains--What' s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5cdd7dc6ef --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20140611 HTG Explains--What' s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +HTG Explains: What’s the Difference Between Linux and BSD? +================================================================================ +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/freebsd-devil-mascot-and-ubuntu-linux.jpg) + +Both Linux and the BSDs are free and open-source, Unix-like operating systems. They even use much of the same software — these operating systems have more things in common than they do differences. So why do they all exist? + +There are more differences than we can cover here, especially philosophical differences about the way one should build an operating system and license it. This should help you understand the basics, though. + +### The Basics ### + +[What most people call “Linux” isn’t actually Linux][1]. Linux is technically just the Linux kernel — typical Linux distributions are made up of many pieces of software. This is [why Linux is sometimes called GNU/Linux][2]. In fact, much of this same software on top of Linux is the same software used on the BSDs. + +Linux and the BSDs are both Unix-like operating systems. As we covered when we looked at [the history of Unix-like operating systems][3], Linux and BSD have a different lineage. Linux was written by Linus Torvalds when he was a student in Finland. BSD stands for “Berkeley Software Distribution,” as it was originally a set of modifications to Bell Unix created at the University of California, Berkeley. It eventually grew into a complete operating system and now there are multiple different BSDs. + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/freebsd-boot-screen.png) + +### Kernel vs. Complete Operating System ### + +Officially, Linux is just a kernel. [Linux distributions][4] have to do the work of bringing together all the software required to create a complete Linux OS and combining it into a Linux distribution like Ubuntu, Mint, Debian, Fedora, Red Hat, or Arch. There are many different Linux distributions. + +In contrast, the BSDs are both a kernel and an operating system. For example, FreeBSD provides both the FreeBSD kernel and the FreeBSD operating system. It’s maintained as a single project. In other words, if you want to install FreeBSD, you just install FreeBSD. If you want to install Linux, you’ll need to choose among the many Linux distributions first. + +BSDs include the ports system. which provides a way of installing software packages. The ports system contains software in source form, so your computer has to compile them before they’ll run. (If you ever used Gentoo when it was popular, it’s a bit like that.) However, packages can also be installed in pre-installed binary form so you don’t have to spend time and system resources compiling them. + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/ubuntu-14.04-unity-desktop.png) + +### Licensing ### + +Licensing is a significant difference, although it won’t matter to most people. Linux uses the GNU General Public License, or GPL. If you modify the Linux kernel and distribute it, you have to release the source code for your modifications. + +The BSDs use the BSD license. If you modify the BSD kernel or distribution and distribute it, you don’t have to release the source code at all. You’re free to do whatever you like with the BSD code and you’re not obligated to release the source code, although you can do so if you like. + +Both are [open-source][5], but in different ways. People sometimes get into debates about which license is “more free.” The GPL helps users by ensuring they can have the source code to GPL software, but it limits developers by forcing them to release the code. The BSD license doesn’t ensure users can have the source code, but it gives developers the freedom to do whatever they choose with the code, even if they want to turn it into a closed-source project. + +### The BSDs ### + +These are often thought of as the three “main” BSD operating systems: + +- [FreeBSD][6]: FreeBSD is the most popular BSD, aiming for high performance and ease of use. It works well on standard Intel and AMD 32-bit and 64-bit processors. +- [NetBSD][7]: NetBSD is designed to run on almost anything and supports many more architectures. The motto on their homepage is “Of course it runs NetBSD.” +- [OpenBSD][8]: OpenBSD is designed for maximum security — not just with its features, but with its implementation practices. It’s designed to be an operating system banks and other serious institutions would use for critical systems. + +There are two other notable BSD operating systems: + +- [DragonFly BSD][9]: DragonFly BSD was created with the design goal of providing an operating system that would run well in multithreaded environments — for example, in clusters of multiple computers. +- [Darwin / Mac OS X][10]: Mac OS X is actually based on the Darwin operating system, which is based on BSD. It’s a bit different from other BSDs. While the low-level kernel and other software is open-source BSD code, most of the rest of the operating system is closed-source Mac OS code. Apple built Mac OS X and iOS on top of BSD so they wouldn’t have to write the low-level operating system themselves, just as [Google built Android on top of Linux][11] + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/mac-os-x-is-built-on-darwin-bsd.png) + +### Why Would You Choose BSD Over Linux? ### + +Linux is still more popular than even FreeBSD. Linux tends to get new hardware support before FreeBSD does, for example. The BSDs have a compatibility package available so they can natively execute Linux binaries, and most of the software works similarly. + +If you’ve used Linux, FreeBSD won’t feel all that different. Install FreeBSD as a desktop operating system and you’ll end up using the same GNOME, KDE, or Xfce [desktop environments][12] you’d use on Linux along with most of the same other software. That’s once you get to that point, though — FreeBSD won’t automatically install a graphical desktop, so you’re left to fend for yourself more than you are with modern Linux distributions. It’s a more old-school experience. + +FreeBSD may be preferred on some server operating systems for its reliability and stability. Manufacturers creating devices may choose BSD for the operating system instead of Linux so they won’t have to release the modifications to their code. + +If you’re a desktop PC user, you really don’t need to care too much about the BSDs. You’ll probably prefer Linux for its superior hardware support, easier installation, and general modern and bleeding-edge nature. If you’re putting together a server or embedded device, you may prefer FreeBSD for another reason. + +We’ll probably get comments from people who use FreeBSD on their desktop computers now, and you certainly could do so! But an operating system like Ubuntu or Mint will be more user-friendly and modern for most people. + +Image Credit: [atzerok on Flickr][13] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.howtogeek.com/190773/htg-explains-whats-the-difference-between-linux-and-bsd/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.howtogeek.com/177213/linux-isnt-just-linux-8-pieces-of-software-that-make-up-linux-systems/ +[2]:http://www.howtogeek.com/139287/the-great-debate-is-it-linux-or-gnulinux/ +[3]:http://www.howtogeek.com/182649/htg-explains-what-is-unix/ +[4]:http://www.howtogeek.com/132624/htg-explains-whats-a-linux-distro-and-how-are-they-different/ +[5]:http://www.howtogeek.com/129967/htg-explains-what-is-open-source-software-and-why-you-should-care/ +[6]:http://www.freebsd.org/ +[7]:http://www.netbsd.org/ +[8]:http://www.openbsd.org/ +[9]:http://www.dragonflybsd.org/ +[10]:http://opensource.apple.com/ +[11]:http://www.howtogeek.com/189036/android-is-based-on-linux-but-what-does-that-mean/ +[12]:http://www.howtogeek.com/163154/linux-users-have-a-choice-8-linux-desktop-environments/ +[13]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/atzerok/5378691454 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/talk/20140611 Little Known Apache Mesos Project Helps Mesosphere Raise $10M From Andreessen Horowitz.md b/sources/talk/20140611 Little Known Apache Mesos Project Helps Mesosphere Raise $10M From Andreessen Horowitz.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ede3ae1edf --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20140611 Little Known Apache Mesos Project Helps Mesosphere Raise $10M From Andreessen Horowitz.md @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +Little Known Apache Mesos Project Helps Mesosphere Raise $10M From Andreessen Horowitz +================================================================================ +![](http://thenewstack.io/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/clouds.jpg) + +[Mesosphere][1], the company trying to build a business around the little-known open source [Apache Mesos][2] project, just racked up a $10 million investment from Andreessen Horowitz. Here’s why it attracted that kind of cash. + +Mesos, software for automatic scaling, was in fact built around five years ago and is already in use on more than 50,000 cores at Twitter, according to Florian Leibert, CEO and co-founder of Mesosphere. EBay, AirBnB, Netflix and HubSpot are also fans. + +While those big Web companies have discovered Mesos, the technology isn’t widely known among enterprises. But it could fill a need for companies which are trying to adopt some of the techniques available to them in public clouds on their internal data centers. + +Mesos manages clusters of machines, automatically scaling apps as needed. It requires a small bit of software on each machine – the software uses zero processing power and “negligible” memory, according to Liebert — which coordinates with a master scheduler. The software on each machine reports information about the capacity of the virtual machine or bare metal server to the scheduler, which allocates jobs to available machines. + +“If a task goes down and it doesn’t report back, the master knows to reschedule it and knows where it has resources,” said Matt Trifiro, senior vice president at Mesosphere. + +Mesos can automatically scale a variety of jobs including Hadoop databases, nodes running Ruby on Rails, and Cassandra. + +Using Mesos, Hubspot slashed its Amazon Web Services bill in half, said Liebert. That’s because Mesos efficiently assigns workloads to available machines. + +However, Mesos might be most appealing to businesses that are trying to essentially create an AWS-like environment internally, said Jay Lyman, an analyst at 451 Research. AWS offers some [tools for automatic scaling][3]. But many businesses are still shy about running everything on public cloud infrastructure. At the same time, they don’t want to block their developers from taking advantage of the capabilities available in public clouds like AWS. They’d like to make those capabilities available on their private clouds. + +“You’re seeing the interface of AWS-style strategy meets the old guard and command and control and stability,” he said. + +Mesos can run in both a private cloud and AWS, offering businesses the opportunity to most efficiently use their internal cloud and fallover to AWS when they need to scale. + +Mesos has some shortcomings in that regard, however. It [doesn’t run][4] any Windows or legacy apps like SAP, for instance. + +However, “if a team is contemplating cloud, they’re probably pretty deep into Linux already,” said Lyman. + +In the future, it’s possible Mesosphere could support Windows. Initially, technologies like Puppet and Chef only supported Linux too, Lyman noted. “It speaks to the early nature of Mesosphere. It’s pretty immature right now,” he said. + +Mesosphere is targeting the many enterprises that are building more and more apps running on Linux and modern programming languages as well as the first generation Web 2.0 companies like Twitter and Netflix that didn’t have technology like Mesos when they first launched. “Those are the two most common early adopter profiles,” Trifiro said. + +Before the end of the year, Mesosphere hopes to release commercial products with documentation, earning revenue from support and licensing. It has built a large-scale orchestration tool called Marathon and supports Docker integration. It’s currently offering packaged Mesos distributions for free in hopes of seeding the market. + +Mesosphere is also currently working with a handful of early customers. It helped HubSpot get going with its use of Mesos. + +Mesosphere isn’t alone in going after this use case. Rightscale, Scalr and Enstratius, now owned by Dell, all offer some version of scaling or cloud management technology. Mesosphere argues that Mesos, and the company’s own technologies, go above and beyond what’s on the market to create server clusters that essentially operate as one machine. The new investment from Andreessen could help it gain momentum. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://thenewstack.io/little-known-apache-mesos-project-helps-mesosphere-raise-10m-from-andreessen/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://mesosphere.io/ +[2]:http://mesos.apache.org/ +[3]:http://aws.amazon.com/autoscaling/ +[4]:http://mesosphere.io/learn/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/talk/20140611 Red Hat's CEO Sees Open Source Cloud Domination.md b/sources/talk/20140611 Red Hat's CEO Sees Open Source Cloud Domination.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9e57a2533a --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20140611 Red Hat's CEO Sees Open Source Cloud Domination.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +Red Hat's CEO Sees Open Source Cloud Domination +================================================================================ +Red Hat CEO Jim Whitehurst sees the business opportunity of a generation in what he calls a computing paradigm shift from client server to cloud architectures. “In those paradigm shifts, generally new winners emerge,” says Whitehurst and he intends to make sure Red Hat is one of those winners. His logic is sound and simple: disruptive technologies like the cloud that arise every couple decades level the playing field between large, established firms and smaller, innovative challengers since everyone, from corporate behemoth to a couple guys in a garage, starts from the same spot and must play by the same unfamiliar and changeable rules. With the cloud “there’s less of an installed based and an opportunity for new winners to be chosen,” Whitehurst adds. His mission is “to see that open source is the default choice for next generation architecture” and that Red Hat is the preferred choice, particularly for enterprise IT, of open source providers. + +The case for open source dominating the cloud rests on the fact that it’s already the foundation for many popular cloud services and enterprise applications. Whitehurst aptly notes that outside of Microsoft Azure, the underlying infrastructure of all the major public cloud services is built upon open source software. Furthermore, software like Linux, Apache, MySQL, WordPress and many others are already widely used and trusted by most enterprises. “In many cases [open source] already is the default choice for next generation architectures, but it hasn’t fully driven itself through the traditional enterprise data center,” he says. Cloud software is the next and most important software category up for open source disruption. + +![](http://blogs-images.forbes.com/kurtmarko/files/2014/06/redhat-logo.jpg) + +Yet open source is still saddled with a reputation for widely variable software quality and support, something the recent OpenSSL Heartbleed bug only reinforced. However Whitehurst contends that strong enterprise adoption of Red Hat’s Linux distribution and it’s training and skills certification programs lends credibility to a similar plan for the cloud: [Red Hat’s Cloud Partner Program][1]. He believes such insurance policies alleviate enterprise IT’s fears of adopting open source software for both internal, private clouds and external public cloud services. Red Hat wants its imprimatur to be the Good Housekeeping seal of approval for open source in general and cloud software in specific, namely IT’s assurance that their applications will work and the service is trustworthy and reliable. + +Red Hat’s strategy to make open source clouds safe for the enterprise is mirrors that used to break into the market for enterprise server software. There, “Job one for Red Hat is making sure our operating system and layers above that work well on anyone’s infrastructure underneath,” says Whitehurst. Red Hat is applying this same model of polishing, integrating and supporting open source software to cloud stacks. “One of the most important parts about cloud, public, private or hybrid, is a sense that you can confidently run your applications,” says Whitehurst and he believes Red Hat’s track record on Linux and other open source products will carry over to make Red Hat “the enterprise choice” for cloud architectures. + +### Cloud isn’t just virtualization 2.0 ### + +One of the conundrums for OpenStack advocates like Whitehurst is the entrenchment of Microsoft and VMware in the enterprise market. Although virtual servers are a prerequisite for clouds, they’re sufficient. Countering the notion that enterprise clouds are just a natural extension of virtualized servers and storage, Whitehurst argues that by setting new rules for infrastructure and application design, cloud infrastructure is more than just the natural evolution of server virtualization. + +![](http://blogs-images.forbes.com/kurtmarko/files/2014/06/RH_NEXT_HS-JIM-W-01.jpg) + +Whitehurst draws an important distinction between traditional client-server and cloud-optimized applications. “One of the big questions will be how much of this [cloud adoption] is moving traditional Windows workloads, which frankly were written as stateful apps in the first place. [Instead] are we talking about a new generation of applications that are actually built with elasticity and scalability in mind.” Whitehurst clearly believes cloud infrastructure is much more appropriate for the latter and that in such Greenfield scenarios, OpenStack and other open source software have established themselves as the preferred platform. Contrasting OpenStack, based on the Linux KVM hypervisor and VMware or Microsoft using their proprietary virtual machine platforms, Whitehurst says, “Longer term, nobody really cares what the hypervisor is, you just expect it to work and bluntly, as long as Red Hat supports you on it, why do you have to care,” adding “more and more, you’ll see the hypervisor mattering less and less.” Of course, VMware and Microsoft probably agree, both having moved their energies to building more sophisticated management platforms and making the hypervisor a baseline feature. + +But in Whitehurst’s view of the world, traditional virtualization platforms like VMware or Microsoft Hyper-V are legacy infrastructure designed for yesterday’s client-server software, not the sort of distributed, rapidly relocatable, elastically scalable applications that define the era of big data, SaaS and social software. “I’m not sure what good you get out of putting Exchange on a cloud,” he quips. Instead, he says this new generation of cloud-optimized applications are the sweet spot for OpenStack. According to Whitehurst, “If you look at where most new applications are getting built, and therefore where so much of the innovation around languages, frameworks and management paradigms are happening, it’s around an open infrastructure.” But there’s obviously some selection bias in Whitehurst’s account, as he lives in an open source world where it’s easy to be unaware, overlook or ignore the innovation happening on proprietary cloud platforms like Azure, AWS and vCloud. + +In sum, Whitehurst hopes and expects OpenStack to do to VMware what Linux did to Windows: to become the first choice of cloud-savvy startups and if not the default choice, at least an accepted and respectable alternative within the enterprise. In my next column I’ll explain that even for an open source champion like Whitehurst, OpenStack versus VMware vCloud or Microsoft Azure isn’t an either/or choice and how he sees the fundamental notion of cloud computing as based on virtual machines as an design model likely to change. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtmarko/2014/06/08/red-hat-ceo-open-source-clouds/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.redhat.com/partners/become/cloud/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/20140611 How to Prevent Other Users From Accessing Your Home Directory in Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/tech/20140611 How to Prevent Other Users From Accessing Your Home Directory in Ubuntu 14.04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ac99b4d384 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140611 How to Prevent Other Users From Accessing Your Home Directory in Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +How to Prevent Other Users From Accessing Your Home Directory in Ubuntu 14.04 +================================================================================ +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/00_lead_image_home_directory.png) + +If you share your Ubuntu machine with other people, you probably have multiple users set up, thinking that the other users log into their own accounts and only have access to their own home directories. However, by default, any user can access any home directory. + +When you add a new user in Ubuntu, the adduser utility creates a new home directory for the new account. By default, the new home directory is placed in the /home/ directory on the root followed by the username. For example, /home/lori. User home directories in Ubuntu are created with world read/execute permissions, giving all other users on the system rights to read the contents of other users’ home directories. See our article for more information about [how file permissions work in Linux][1]. + +**NOTE**: When we say to type something in this article and there are quotes around the text, DO NOT type the quotes, unless we specify otherwise. + +You can easily change the permissions for your home directory to protect your private files. To check the permissions on your home directory, press Ctrl + Alt + T to open a Terminal window. Type the following line at the prompt and press Enter. Replace “” with your own username. + + ls –ld /home/lori + +**NOTE**: The command contains only lowercase L’s not the number 1. + +At the beginning of the line, the permissions for the file are listed. As said in our [article][1] about Linux permissions: + +> “The r stands for “read,” the w stands for “write,” and the x stands for “execute.” Directories will start with a “d” instead of a “-“. You’ll also notice that there are 10 spaces which hold value. You can ignore the first, and then there are 3 sets of 3. The first set is for the owner, the second set is for the group, and the last set is for the world.” + +So, the home directory listed below has read, write, and execute permissions for the owner and read and execute permission for the group and world. + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/01_permissions_for_home_folder.png) + +To change these permissions, type the following line at the prompt and press Enter. + + sudo chmod 0750 /home/lori + +Type your password when prompted and press Enter. + +**NOTE**: The chmod command uses octal numbers as one way to indicate permissions. Our [article][1] about Linux file permissions uses a different method that requires more steps but may be easier to understand. Using the octal numbers to specify permissions is a quicker method. Use whichever method with which you are more comfortable. To learn about using octal numbers to set permissions, see this [article][2]. + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/02_changing_permissions_for_home_folder.png) + +Press the up arrow twice to use the “ls –ld /home/” command again to check the permissions. Notice that the permissions for world are all dashes (-). That means that the world cannot read, write, or execute anything in your home directory. + +However, users in the same group as you can read and execute files and folders in your home directory. If you don’t want anyone else but yourself to have access to your home directory, enter “0700” as the numbers in the chmod command. + +**NOTE**: For more information about managing users and groups in Linux, see our [article][3]. + +To close the terminal window, type “exit” at the prompt and press Enter. + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/03_new_permissions.png) + +Now, when other users on the system try to access your home directory, the following dialog box displays. + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/04_location_could_not_be_displayed.png) + +You can also set up Ubuntu to use specific permissions when setting up the home directory for a new user you are creating. To do this, you need to edit the adduser configuration file. To do this, type the following command at the prompt and press Enter. + + gksudo gedit /etc/adduser.conf + +We are using gedit to edit the file. You can use a different text editor if you want. + +NOTE: The gksudo command is like the sudo command but is used to run graphical programs as root. The sudo command is used to run command line programs as root. + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/05_opening_gedit_as_root.png) + +Enter your password in the Password edit box on the dialog box that displays and press Enter or click OK. + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/06_entering_password.png) + +Scroll down to the DIR_MODE command in the adduser.conf file. The number set is “0755” by default. Change it to reflect the different types of permissions (r, w, x) you want to grant to the different types of users (owner, group, world), such as “0750” or “0700” as discussed earlier. Click Save. + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/07_changing_dir_mode.png) + +Close gedit by selecting Quit from the File menu. You can also click the X button in the upper-left corner of the window to close gedit. + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/08_closing_gedit.png) + +Close the Terminal window by clicking the X in the upper-left corner of the window. + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/09_closing_terminal_window_with_x.png) + +Now, the files in your home directory will remain private. Just remember that, if there are other users in the same group as you, you might want to take away the permissions for both group and world for your home directory. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.howtogeek.com/190084/how-to-prevent-other-users-from-accessing-your-home-directory-in-ubuntu-14.04/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.howtogeek.com/67987/htg-explains-how-do-linux-file-permissions-work/ +[2]:http://www.linux.org/threads/file-permissions-chmod.4094/ +[3]:http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/36845/the-beginners-guide-to-managing-users-and-groups-in-linux/ \ No newline at end of file From cf2dc5b7bf5c18325d65d3af7e78954243833893 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Wed, 11 Jun 2014 13:57:10 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 515/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140611-2=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ns--What is Unix and Why Does It Matter.md | 72 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 72 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/20140611 HTG Explains--What is Unix and Why Does It Matter.md diff --git a/sources/talk/20140611 HTG Explains--What is Unix and Why Does It Matter.md b/sources/talk/20140611 HTG Explains--What is Unix and Why Does It Matter.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0652920c13 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20140611 HTG Explains--What is Unix and Why Does It Matter.md @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +HTG Explains: What is Unix and Why Does It Matter? +================================================================================ +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/ken-thompson-and-dennis-richie-at-pdp-11.jpg) + +Most operating systems can be grouped into two different families. Aside from Microsoft’s Windows NT-based operating systems, nearly everything else traces its heritage back to Unix. + +Linux, Mac OS X, Android, iOS, Chrome OS, Orbis OS used on the PlayStation 4, whatever firmware is running on your router — all of these operating systems are often called “Unix-like” operating systems. + +### Unix’s Design Lives On Today ### + +Unix was developed in AT&T’s Bell Labs back in the mid-to-late 1960′s. The initial release of Unix had some important design attributes that live on today. + +One is the “Unix philosophy” of creating small, modular utilities that do one thing and do them well. If you’re familiar with using a Linux terminal, this should be familiar to you — the system offers a number of utilities that can be combined in different ways through [pipes and other features][1] to perform more complex tasks. Even graphical programs are likely calling simpler utilities in the background to do the heavy lifting. This also makes it easy to [create shell scripts][2], stringing together simple tools to do complicated things. + +Unix also had a single file system that programs use to communicate with each other. This is [why “everything is a file” on Linux][3] – including hardware devices and special files that provide system information or other data. It’s also why only Windows has drive letters, which it inherited from DOS — on other operating systems, every file on the system is part of a single directory hierarchy. + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/unix-bell-labs.jpg) + +### Tracing the Unix Descendants ### + +Like any history going back over 40 years, the history of Unix and its descendants is messy. To simplify things, we can roughly group Unix’s descendants into two groups. + +One group of Unix descendants were developed in academia. The first was BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution), an open-source, Unix-like operating system. BSD lives on today through FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD. NeXTStep was also based on the original BSD, Apple’s Mac OS X was based on NeXTStep, and iOS was based on Mac OS X. Many other operating systems, including the Orbis OS used on the PlayStation 4, are derived from types of BSD operating systems. + +Richard Stallman’s GNU project was also started as a reaction to AT&T’s increasingly restrictive Unix software licensing terms. MINIX was a Unix-like operating system created for educational purposes, and Linux was inspired by MINIX. [The Linux we know today is really GNU/Linux][4], as it’s made up of the Linux kernel and a lot of GNU utilities. GNU/Linux isn’t directly descended from BSD, but it is descended from Unix’s design and has its roots in academia. Many operating systems today, including Android, Chrome OS, Steam OS, and a huge amount of embedded operating systems for devices, are based on Linux. + +On the other hand, there were the commercial Unix operating systems. AT&T UNIX, SCO UnixWare, Sun Microsystems Solaris, HP-UX, IBM AIX, SGI IRIX — many big corporations wanted to create and license their own versions of Unix. These aren’t quite as common today, but some of them are still out there. + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/history-of-unix.png) + +Image Credit: [Wikimedia Commons][5] + +### The Rise of DOS and Windows NT ### + +Many people expected Unix to become the industry standard operating system, but DOS and “IBM PC compatible” computers eventually exploded in popularity. Microsoft’s DOS became the most successful DOS of them all. DOS was never based on Unix at all, which is [why Windows uses a backslash for file paths while everything else uses a forward slash][6]. This decision was made back in the early days of DOS, and later versions of Windows inherited it, just as BSD, Linux, Mac OS X, and other Unix-like operating systems inherited many aspects of Unix’s design. + +Windows 3.1, Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows ME were all based on DOS underneath. Microsoft was developing a more modern and stable operating system at the time, which they named Windows NT — for “Windows New Technology.” Windows NT eventually made its way to regular computer users as Windows XP, but it was available for corporations as Windows 2000 and Windows NT before that. + +All of Microsoft’s operating systems are based on the Windows NT kernel today. Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows RT, Windows Phone 8, Windows Server, and the Xbox One’s operating system all use the Windows NT kernel. Unlike most other operating systems, Windows NT wasn’t developed as a Unix-like operating system. + +Microsoft didn’t start with a completely clean slate, of course. To maintain compatibility with DOS and old Windows software, Windows NT inherited many DOS conventions like drive letters, backslashes for file paths, and forward slashes for command-line switches. + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/windows-2000-professional-built-on-nt-technology.jpg) + +Why it Matters + +Have you ever taken a look at the Mac OS X terminal or file system and noticed how similar it was to Linux’s, and how different they both were from Windows? Well, this is why — both Mac OSX and Linux are Unix-like operating systems. + +Knowing this bit of history helps you understand what a “Unix-like” operating system is, and why so many operating systems seem so similar to each other while Windows seems so different. This explains why the terminal on Mac OS X will feel so familiar to a Linux geek, while [the Command Prompt and PowerShell on Windows][7] are so different from other command-line environments. + +This was just a quick history that will help you understand how we got to where we are today without getting bogged down in the details. If you want more information, you can find entire books on the history of Unix. + +Image Credit: [Peter Hamer on Flickr][8], [Takuya Oikawa on Flickr][9], [CJ Sorg on Flickr][10] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.howtogeek.com/182649/htg-explains-what-is-unix/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.howtogeek.com/110150/become-a-linux-terminal-power-user-with-these-8-tricks/ +[2]:http://www.howtogeek.com/107217/how-to-manage-processes-from-the-linux-terminal-10-commands-you-need-to-know/ +[3]:http://www.howtogeek.com/117939/htg-explains-what-everything-is-a-file-means-on-linux/ +[4]:http://www.howtogeek.com/139287/the-great-debate-is-it-linux-or-gnulinux/ +[5]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Unix_history.svg +[6]:http://www.howtogeek.com/181774/why-windows-uses-backslashes-and-everything-else-uses-forward-slashes/ +[7]:http://www.howtogeek.com/163127/how-powershell-differs-from-the-windows-command-prompt/ +[8]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/peter-hamer/2876612463/ +[9]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/takuyaoikawa/2060554607/ +[10]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/cjsorg/2726088549/ \ No newline at end of file From 00cda94ac59498d2dae3f388b74594a3eca842cf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: sailing Date: Wed, 11 Jun 2014 16:29:46 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 516/601] translating 20140611 HTG Explains--What is Unix and Why Does It Matter --- ...140611 HTG Explains--What is Unix and Why Does It Matter.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/20140611 HTG Explains--What is Unix and Why Does It Matter.md b/sources/talk/20140611 HTG Explains--What is Unix and Why Does It Matter.md index 0652920c13..5ab74993a3 100644 --- a/sources/talk/20140611 HTG Explains--What is Unix and Why Does It Matter.md +++ b/sources/talk/20140611 HTG Explains--What is Unix and Why Does It Matter.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +[translating | sailing] HTG Explains: What is Unix and Why Does It Matter? ================================================================================ ![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/ken-thompson-and-dennis-richie-at-pdp-11.jpg) @@ -69,4 +70,4 @@ via: http://www.howtogeek.com/182649/htg-explains-what-is-unix/ [7]:http://www.howtogeek.com/163127/how-powershell-differs-from-the-windows-command-prompt/ [8]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/peter-hamer/2876612463/ [9]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/takuyaoikawa/2060554607/ -[10]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/cjsorg/2726088549/ \ No newline at end of file +[10]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/cjsorg/2726088549/ From 302e93c0912a747f9c906cea81ce64926a988bc7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wwhio Date: Wed, 11 Jun 2014 19:30:35 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 517/601] translating by wwhio MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 开始翻译 --- ...nslating] 20140610 Top 7 Desktop Environment For Linux.md} | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) rename sources/talk/{20140610 Top 7 Desktop Environment For Linux.md => [translating] 20140610 Top 7 Desktop Environment For Linux.md} (99%) diff --git a/sources/talk/20140610 Top 7 Desktop Environment For Linux.md b/sources/talk/[translating] 20140610 Top 7 Desktop Environment For Linux.md similarity index 99% rename from sources/talk/20140610 Top 7 Desktop Environment For Linux.md rename to sources/talk/[translating] 20140610 Top 7 Desktop Environment For Linux.md index 5c2d39eebd..895e38bb4e 100644 --- a/sources/talk/20140610 Top 7 Desktop Environment For Linux.md +++ b/sources/talk/[translating] 20140610 Top 7 Desktop Environment For Linux.md @@ -1,4 +1,6 @@ Top 7 Desktop Environment For Linux + +translating by wwhio ================================================================================ Standard Linux circulations regularly default to one of two desktop environments, KDE or GNOME. Both of these give clients an instinctive and attractive desktop, and also offering a verity of media inbuilt softwares, system programs, games, utilities, web development tools, programming tools and so on. These two desktops center all the more on giving clients a cutting edge computing environment with all the accessories emphasized in Windows OS, instead of minimizing the measure of system resources they require. @@ -64,4 +66,4 @@ via: http://pulpybucket.com/top-7-desktop-environment-linux/ [4]:https://unity.ubuntu.com/ [5]:http://www.gnome.org/ [6]:http://xfce.org/ -[7]:http://lxde.org/ \ No newline at end of file +[7]:http://lxde.org/ From 5a2fa079a508610a3b4cac849bb29abcf8b3ae64 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: MikeCoder Date: Wed, 11 Jun 2014 22:18:09 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 518/601] Merge branch 'master', remote-tracking branch 'lctt/master' From 57bdfd56ecc90f9ec447e6dd64f6460865f09659 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: MikeCoder Date: Wed, 11 Jun 2014 22:19:19 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 519/601] translating --- ...TG Explains--What' s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/sources/talk/20140611 HTG Explains--What' s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md b/sources/talk/20140611 HTG Explains--What' s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md index 5cdd7dc6ef..cc65931128 100644 --- a/sources/talk/20140611 HTG Explains--What' s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md +++ b/sources/talk/20140611 HTG Explains--What' s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +Mike Translating... + HTG Explains: What’s the Difference Between Linux and BSD? ================================================================================ ![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/freebsd-devil-mascot-and-ubuntu-linux.jpg) From 51ff960346b56eff173d491fe21f15506369ab4e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: MikeCoder Date: Wed, 11 Jun 2014 23:15:36 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 520/601] finish --- ... s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md | 86 ------------------- ... s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md | 82 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 82 insertions(+), 86 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/talk/20140611 HTG Explains--What' s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md create mode 100644 translated/talk/20140611 HTG Explains--What' s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md diff --git a/sources/talk/20140611 HTG Explains--What' s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md b/sources/talk/20140611 HTG Explains--What' s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md deleted file mode 100644 index cc65931128..0000000000 --- a/sources/talk/20140611 HTG Explains--What' s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,86 +0,0 @@ -Mike Translating... - -HTG Explains: What’s the Difference Between Linux and BSD? -================================================================================ -![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/freebsd-devil-mascot-and-ubuntu-linux.jpg) - -Both Linux and the BSDs are free and open-source, Unix-like operating systems. They even use much of the same software — these operating systems have more things in common than they do differences. So why do they all exist? - -There are more differences than we can cover here, especially philosophical differences about the way one should build an operating system and license it. This should help you understand the basics, though. - -### The Basics ### - -[What most people call “Linux” isn’t actually Linux][1]. Linux is technically just the Linux kernel — typical Linux distributions are made up of many pieces of software. This is [why Linux is sometimes called GNU/Linux][2]. In fact, much of this same software on top of Linux is the same software used on the BSDs. - -Linux and the BSDs are both Unix-like operating systems. As we covered when we looked at [the history of Unix-like operating systems][3], Linux and BSD have a different lineage. Linux was written by Linus Torvalds when he was a student in Finland. BSD stands for “Berkeley Software Distribution,” as it was originally a set of modifications to Bell Unix created at the University of California, Berkeley. It eventually grew into a complete operating system and now there are multiple different BSDs. - -![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/freebsd-boot-screen.png) - -### Kernel vs. Complete Operating System ### - -Officially, Linux is just a kernel. [Linux distributions][4] have to do the work of bringing together all the software required to create a complete Linux OS and combining it into a Linux distribution like Ubuntu, Mint, Debian, Fedora, Red Hat, or Arch. There are many different Linux distributions. - -In contrast, the BSDs are both a kernel and an operating system. For example, FreeBSD provides both the FreeBSD kernel and the FreeBSD operating system. It’s maintained as a single project. In other words, if you want to install FreeBSD, you just install FreeBSD. If you want to install Linux, you’ll need to choose among the many Linux distributions first. - -BSDs include the ports system. which provides a way of installing software packages. The ports system contains software in source form, so your computer has to compile them before they’ll run. (If you ever used Gentoo when it was popular, it’s a bit like that.) However, packages can also be installed in pre-installed binary form so you don’t have to spend time and system resources compiling them. - -![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/ubuntu-14.04-unity-desktop.png) - -### Licensing ### - -Licensing is a significant difference, although it won’t matter to most people. Linux uses the GNU General Public License, or GPL. If you modify the Linux kernel and distribute it, you have to release the source code for your modifications. - -The BSDs use the BSD license. If you modify the BSD kernel or distribution and distribute it, you don’t have to release the source code at all. You’re free to do whatever you like with the BSD code and you’re not obligated to release the source code, although you can do so if you like. - -Both are [open-source][5], but in different ways. People sometimes get into debates about which license is “more free.” The GPL helps users by ensuring they can have the source code to GPL software, but it limits developers by forcing them to release the code. The BSD license doesn’t ensure users can have the source code, but it gives developers the freedom to do whatever they choose with the code, even if they want to turn it into a closed-source project. - -### The BSDs ### - -These are often thought of as the three “main” BSD operating systems: - -- [FreeBSD][6]: FreeBSD is the most popular BSD, aiming for high performance and ease of use. It works well on standard Intel and AMD 32-bit and 64-bit processors. -- [NetBSD][7]: NetBSD is designed to run on almost anything and supports many more architectures. The motto on their homepage is “Of course it runs NetBSD.” -- [OpenBSD][8]: OpenBSD is designed for maximum security — not just with its features, but with its implementation practices. It’s designed to be an operating system banks and other serious institutions would use for critical systems. - -There are two other notable BSD operating systems: - -- [DragonFly BSD][9]: DragonFly BSD was created with the design goal of providing an operating system that would run well in multithreaded environments — for example, in clusters of multiple computers. -- [Darwin / Mac OS X][10]: Mac OS X is actually based on the Darwin operating system, which is based on BSD. It’s a bit different from other BSDs. While the low-level kernel and other software is open-source BSD code, most of the rest of the operating system is closed-source Mac OS code. Apple built Mac OS X and iOS on top of BSD so they wouldn’t have to write the low-level operating system themselves, just as [Google built Android on top of Linux][11] - -![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/mac-os-x-is-built-on-darwin-bsd.png) - -### Why Would You Choose BSD Over Linux? ### - -Linux is still more popular than even FreeBSD. Linux tends to get new hardware support before FreeBSD does, for example. The BSDs have a compatibility package available so they can natively execute Linux binaries, and most of the software works similarly. - -If you’ve used Linux, FreeBSD won’t feel all that different. Install FreeBSD as a desktop operating system and you’ll end up using the same GNOME, KDE, or Xfce [desktop environments][12] you’d use on Linux along with most of the same other software. That’s once you get to that point, though — FreeBSD won’t automatically install a graphical desktop, so you’re left to fend for yourself more than you are with modern Linux distributions. It’s a more old-school experience. - -FreeBSD may be preferred on some server operating systems for its reliability and stability. Manufacturers creating devices may choose BSD for the operating system instead of Linux so they won’t have to release the modifications to their code. - -If you’re a desktop PC user, you really don’t need to care too much about the BSDs. You’ll probably prefer Linux for its superior hardware support, easier installation, and general modern and bleeding-edge nature. If you’re putting together a server or embedded device, you may prefer FreeBSD for another reason. - -We’ll probably get comments from people who use FreeBSD on their desktop computers now, and you certainly could do so! But an operating system like Ubuntu or Mint will be more user-friendly and modern for most people. - -Image Credit: [atzerok on Flickr][13] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.howtogeek.com/190773/htg-explains-whats-the-difference-between-linux-and-bsd/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.howtogeek.com/177213/linux-isnt-just-linux-8-pieces-of-software-that-make-up-linux-systems/ -[2]:http://www.howtogeek.com/139287/the-great-debate-is-it-linux-or-gnulinux/ -[3]:http://www.howtogeek.com/182649/htg-explains-what-is-unix/ -[4]:http://www.howtogeek.com/132624/htg-explains-whats-a-linux-distro-and-how-are-they-different/ -[5]:http://www.howtogeek.com/129967/htg-explains-what-is-open-source-software-and-why-you-should-care/ -[6]:http://www.freebsd.org/ -[7]:http://www.netbsd.org/ -[8]:http://www.openbsd.org/ -[9]:http://www.dragonflybsd.org/ -[10]:http://opensource.apple.com/ -[11]:http://www.howtogeek.com/189036/android-is-based-on-linux-but-what-does-that-mean/ -[12]:http://www.howtogeek.com/163154/linux-users-have-a-choice-8-linux-desktop-environments/ -[13]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/atzerok/5378691454 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/talk/20140611 HTG Explains--What' s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md b/translated/talk/20140611 HTG Explains--What' s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c308a2478c --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/talk/20140611 HTG Explains--What' s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +HTG 解释:Linux 与 BSD 有什么不同? +================================================================================ +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/freebsd-devil-mascot-and-ubuntu-linux.jpg) + +Linux和BSD都是免费的，开源的，类Unix系统。他们甚至使用很多相同的软件。他们看上去简直就像是一个操作系统，那么，不同点真的不存在吗？ + +其实，两者之间的不同，远远超出了我们将提到的这些，尤其是在构建完整操作系统和许可授予的哲学思想上，更是相差深远。尽管这只能帮助你简单的理解他们的不同。 + +### 基础 ### +[许多人所称的“Linux”实际上不是Linux ] [1]。Linux从技术上说只是Linux内核，典型的Linux分支则包括了Linux内核，还有许多软件。这是[为什么Linux有时被称为GNU/Linux][2]。事实上，许多同样的软件在Linux上使用BSD相同的软件。 + +Linux和BSD 都是类UNIX操作系统。我们可以通过阅读[类UNIX操作系统历史][3]发现Linux和BSD有不同的谱系。Linux是由Linus Torvalds在芬兰上大学的时候开发的。BSD则代表“伯克利软件套件”。因为这是在1977至1995年间由加州大学伯克利分校开发和发布的。 + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/freebsd-boot-screen.png) + +### 内核 vs. 完整操作系统 ### +Linux 是只是一个内核。[Linux 发行版][4] 所要做的工作汇集了创建一个完整的 Linux 操作系统所需的所有软件，将它组合到一个 Linux 内核上，像 Ubuntu，Mint，Debian、 Red 或者是 Arch。当然还有许多不同的 Linux 发行版。 + +与此相反的是，Bsd 是一个内核和操作系统。例如，FreeBSD 提供了 FreeBSD 内核和 FreeBSD 操作系统。它是作为一个单一的项目维护的。换句话说，如果你想要安装 FreeBSD，你只需安装 FreeBSD。如果你想要安装 Linux，你需要首先在许多 Linux 发行版之间选择。 + +BSDs include the ports system. which provides a way of installing software packages. The ports system contains software in source form, so your computer has to compile them before they’ll run. (If you ever used Gentoo when it was popular, it’s a bit like that.) However, packages can also be installed in pre-installed binary form so you don’t have to spend time and system resources compiling them. + +Bsd 包括Ports体系。提供了一种安装软件包的方式。Ports体系包含以源代码形式发布软件，所以您的计算机如果想安装，则需要先编译他们。（如果您曾经使用过 Gentoo，它就是那样的。然而，包也可以是预安装的二进制形式，所以你不需要花时间和系统资源编译他们就能运行。 + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/ubuntu-14.04-unity-desktop.png) + +### 授权 ### + +授权是显著的差异，虽然它不会对大多数人产生影响。Linux 使用 GNU 通用公共许可证或 GPL。如果你修改 Linux 内核，并将其分发，你必须释放您的修改的源代码。 + +Bsd 使用 BSD 许可证。如果你修改的 BSD 内核，你不需要发布其源代码。你可以自由地编写任何你喜欢的 BSD 代码，你不是有义务发布的源代码，虽然你可以这样做如果你喜欢。 + +两者都是 [开放源码] [5]，但以不同的方式。人们有时会陷入关于哪种许可是"更自由"的辩论。GPL 可以帮助用户通过确保他们可以有 GPL 软件的源代码，但它通过迫使他们开放代码来限制开发人员。BSD 许可证并不能确保用户可以拥有有源代码，但它给开发人员选择是否公布代码的权利，即使他们想要把它变成一个闭源项目。 + +### 有关BSDs ### + +这些都是通常被认为是"主要"BSD的三个操作系统： + +- [FreeBSD][6]: FreeBSD 是最受欢迎的 BSD，针对高性能和易用性。它支持英特尔和 AMD 32 位和 64 位处理器。 +- [NetBSD][7]: NetBSD 设计运行在几乎任何架构上，支持更多的体系结构。在他们的主页上的格言是"Of course it runs NetBSD"。 +- [OpenBSD][8]:OpenBSD 为安全性设计的 —— 不仅仅因为它的功能，还包括他执行的方法。它是为银行和其他重要机构的关键系统设计的。 + +有两个其他的 BSD 操作系统： + +- [DragonFly BSD][9]: DragonFly BSD 的设计目标是提供一个运行在多线程环境中的操作系统 — 例如，计算机集群。 +- [Darwin / Mac OS X][10]: Mac OS X 实际上基于Darwin操作系统，Darwin系统基于 BSD。它与其他的 Bsd 有点不同。虽然底层内核和其他的软件是开源代码(BSD 代码)，但操作系统的大部分是闭源代码(Mac OS 代码)。苹果内置 Mac OS X 和 iOS 基于BSD，这样他们就不必写操作系统底层，就像 [谷歌 android 系统在 Linux 上] [11] + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/mac-os-x-is-built-on-darwin-bsd.png) + +### 你为什么会选择 BSD 而不是 Linux？### + +Linux 仍然比 FreeBSD 更受欢迎。Linux 往往会在FreeBSD之前提供新硬件的支持，例如，BSD可以提供兼容包，使之能像大多数的其他软件一样执行Linux的二进制程序。 + +如果您使用过 Linux和FreeBSD，你也不会发现有所不同。安装 FreeBSD 作为桌面操作系统，你也可以使用相同的 GNOME，KDE 或 Xfce [桌面环境] [12] 你也会在BSD上使用 Linux 上的其他软件。有一点需要注意，FreeBSD 不会自动安装的图形化桌面，所以你要花相对于Linux更多的心思来照顾你的BSD。 + +如果你是一个桌面的 PC 用户，你真的不需要太过在意 Bsd。你可能会喜欢 Linux，因为它具有更高级的硬件支持，更容易安装，具有现代操作系统的特点。如果你聚集服务器或设计嵌入式的设备，你可能会喜欢 FreeBSD。 + +我们可能会听到在桌面电脑上使用FreeBSD的人发表的评论，你当然也可能是其中之一！但像Ubuntu或Mint一样的开源操作系统将会变得更加用户友好。 + +图片来源: [atzerok on Flickr][13] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.howtogeek.com/190773/htg-explains-whats-the-difference-between-linux-and-bsd/ + +译者：[MikeCoder](https://github.com/MikeCoder) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.howtogeek.com/177213/linux-isnt-just-linux-8-pieces-of-software-that-make-up-linux-systems/ +[2]:http://www.howtogeek.com/139287/the-great-debate-is-it-linux-or-gnulinux/ +[3]:http://www.howtogeek.com/182649/htg-explains-what-is-unix/ +[4]:http://www.howtogeek.com/132624/htg-explains-whats-a-linux-distro-and-how-are-they-different/ +[5]:http://www.howtogeek.com/129967/htg-explains-what-is-open-source-software-and-why-you-should-care/ +[6]:http://www.freebsd.org/ +[7]:http://www.netbsd.org/ +[8]:http://www.openbsd.org/ +[9]:http://www.dragonflybsd.org/ +[10]:http://opensource.apple.com/ +[11]:http://www.howtogeek.com/189036/android-is-based-on-linux-but-what-does-that-mean/ +[12]:http://www.howtogeek.com/163154/linux-users-have-a-choice-8-linux-desktop-environments/ +[13]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/atzerok/5378691454 \ No newline at end of file From b1e9921e6c76245ac0685a9a02edc77312eedca5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Thu, 12 Jun 2014 10:33:23 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 521/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140612-1=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md | 25 ++++++ ...eing bombarded with offers to jump ship.md | 27 +++++++ ...Companies That Support Linux--Rackspace.md | 61 ++++++++++++++ ...612 What is a good text editor on Linux.md | 81 +++++++++++++++++++ ...0140612 Command Line Tuesdays--Part One.md | 62 ++++++++++++++ 5 files changed, 256 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/20140612 Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md create mode 100644 sources/talk/20140612 Linux hiring frenzy--Why open source devs are being bombarded with offers to jump ship.md create mode 100644 sources/talk/20140612 The Companies That Support Linux--Rackspace.md create mode 100644 sources/talk/20140612 What is a good text editor on Linux.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140612 Command Line Tuesdays--Part One.md diff --git a/sources/news/20140612 Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/news/20140612 Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5112c69da9 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20140612 Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04 +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Dpkg-Vulnerabilities-Closed-in-Ubuntu-14-04-446282-2.jpg) + +**Canonical has announced that a dpkg vulnerability in its Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, Ubuntu 13.10, Ubuntu 12.10, Ubuntu 12.04 LTS, and Ubuntu 10.04 LTS operating systems has been corrected.** + +The company has just released a new update for the dpkg package, fixing a problem with this very important software that is used in all Ubuntu versions. + +“It was discovered that dpkg incorrectly handled certain patches when unpacking source packages. If a user or an automated system were tricked into unpacking a specially crafted source package, a remote attacker could modify files outside the target unpack directory, leading to a denial of service or potentially gaining access to the system,” reads the security notice. + +For a more detailed description of the problems, you can see Canonical's [security notification][1]. Users have been advised to upgrade their systems as soon as possible. + +The flaws can be fixed if you upgrade your system(s) to the latest libdpkg-perl packages specific to each distribution. To apply the patch, run the Update Manager application. + +In general, a standard system update will make all the necessary changes and users won't have to restart the PC or the laptop in order to apply the patch. This update can also be performed from the terminal, with the apt-get dist-upgrade command. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Dpkg-Vulnerabilities-Closed-in-Ubuntu-14-04-446282.shtml + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/usn-2242-1/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/talk/20140612 Linux hiring frenzy--Why open source devs are being bombarded with offers to jump ship.md b/sources/talk/20140612 Linux hiring frenzy--Why open source devs are being bombarded with offers to jump ship.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4115b21b64 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20140612 Linux hiring frenzy--Why open source devs are being bombarded with offers to jump ship.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +Linux hiring frenzy: Why open source devs are being bombarded with offers to jump ship +================================================================================ +> Summary: Figures from the Linux Foundation suggest skills shortages across disciplines and throughout Europe. + +Nine out of ten (87 percent) of hiring managers in Europe have "hiring Linux talent" on their list of priorities and almost half (48 percent) say they are looking to hire people with Linux skills within the next six months. + +But while they either need or want to hire more people with Linux skills, the data from the Linux Foundation suggests that this is easier said than done. Almost all — 93 percent — of the managers surveyed said they were having difficulty finding IT professionals with the Linux skills required and a quarter (25 percent) said they have "delayed projects as a result". + +All of this makes it a good time to be a Linux expert. + +Seven out of 10 Europe-based Linux professionals have received calls where they were pitched new positions in the past six months, and a third said they had received more calls than in the previous six months. One in three are looking to move anyway, and over half of them said it would be fairly or very easy. Salary is the biggest reason to move jobs, followed by work-life balance and the chance to gain additional skills. + +Employers are trying harder to keep hold of staff too: In the past six months, 29 percent of Linux professionals say they have been offered a higher salary from their current employers, while a quarter said they’ve been offered a flexible work schedule and one in five have been extended additional training opportunities or certification. + +The Linux Foundation, a non-profit organisation which supports the growth of Linux, and Dice Holdings, which provides career sites for technology professionals, produced the research which covers Europe and the US. + +In terms of the specific skills organisations are looking for people with the developer (69 percent) and enterprise management (51 percent) skills. These are followed by 32 percent of respondents who are looking for people with a combination of development and operations skills (DevOps), and 19 percent who are in management/IT management. + +The Linux Job Report has been produced for the last three years by the Linux Foundation and Dice but this is the first time that a specific report on European skills has been separated out of the worldwide report. Some 893 Linux professionals responded to the survey across Europe. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.zdnet.com/linux-hiring-frenzy-why-open-source-devs-are-being-bombarded-with-offers-to-jump-ship-7000030418/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/talk/20140612 The Companies That Support Linux--Rackspace.md b/sources/talk/20140612 The Companies That Support Linux--Rackspace.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..20b5f7964b --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20140612 The Companies That Support Linux--Rackspace.md @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +The Companies That Support Linux: Rackspace +================================================================================ +[![](http://www.linux.com/images/stories/41373/Paul-Voccio-Rackspace.jpg)][1] + +[Rackspace][1] has lately been in the news for its stock market gains and a [potential acquisition][2]. But over the past 16 years the company has become well known, first as a web hosting provider built on Linux and open source, and later as a [pioneer of the open source cloud][3] and founder of the OpenStack cloud platform. + +In May, Rackspace became a [Xen Project][4] member and was one of [three companies to join the Linux Foundation][5] as a corporate member, along with CoreOS and Cumulus Networks. + +“Many of the applications and infrastructure that we need to run for internal use or for customers run best on Linux,” said Paul Voccio, Senior Director of Software Development at Rackspace, via email. “This includes all the popular language frameworks and open virtualization platforms such as Xen, LXC, KVM, Docker, etc.” + +In this Q&A, Voccio discusses the role of Rackspace in the cloud, how the company uses Linux, why they joined the Linux Foundation, as well as current trends and future technologies in the data center. + +### Linux.com: What is Rackspace? ### + +Paul Voccio: Rackspace is the managed cloud specialist and founder of OpenStack, the open-source operating system for the cloud. Hundreds of thousands of customers look to Rackspace to deliver the best-fit hybrid cloud solutions for their IT needs, leveraging a product and services portfolio that allows workloads to run where they perform best – whether on the public cloud, private cloud, dedicated servers, or a combination of platforms. + +As a managed cloud pioneer, we give our customers 24x7 access to cloud engineers for everything from planning and architecting to building and operating clouds through our award-winning Fanatical Support®. We help customers successfully architect, deploy and run their most critical applications. Or, more plainly put, we’re cloud specialists so you don’t have to be. We are headquartered in San Antonio, Texas, and operate a global support and engineering organization with data centers on four continents. + +### How and why do you use Linux? ### + +Rackspace uses Linux because it provides a stable and flexible platform for our customers' workloads. Our customers trust us to support their mission-critical applications and we need reliable infrastructure – including software and hardware – to meet their expectations. If you look under the hood in our dedicated environments or in our expansive cloud infrastructure, you'll find Linux running there. + +Many of the applications and infrastructure that we need to run for internal use or for customers run best on Linux. This includes all the popular language frameworks and open virtualization platforms such as Xen, LXC, KVM, Docker, etc. Running combinations of these platforms give us the stability and performance we demand for the Rackspace Cloud. Our Cloud Servers product runs OpenStack services that manage tens of thousands of hypervisors – all running Linux. + +Using Linux also allows us to tap into a community of experts to solve problems. When we have an issue, we're comfortable asking questions. When we have a solution, we enjoy sharing it with the community. At Rackspace, we understand how to work and contribute in an open community and Linux has many opportunities to build relationships with other groups that have similar goals. + +### Why did you join the Linux Foundation? ### + +Joining the Linux Foundation allows us to show our support and engage the Linux community in new ways. We've learned plenty from running Linux in highly demanding environments at a large scale and we're eager to share those experiences. Other members of the community have probably run into different challenges than we have and this gives us a greater opportunity to learn from them as well. + +### What interesting or innovative trends are you witnessing in the data center and what role does Linux play in them? ### + +Virtualization and automation have changed how companies deploy hardware and software. Linux gives us several virtualization options and these allow us to automate more of our infrastructure deployments and maintenance tasks. Automation and configuration management frameworks allow us to reduce our costs, improve our testing capabilities, and bring products to market faster. The majority of these open source automation frameworks run best on Linux servers. + +### How is Rackspace participating in that innovation? ### + +We leverage several open-source Linux-based tools and projects to deliver great customer outcomes. One of our largest efforts in this area is with OpenStack. It's the software that runs our public and private clouds and we're actively engaged with the community to improve it. We're using Linux to find new ways to scale our large virtualization platform and deliver infrastructure to customers quickly. + +The open-source nature of Linux inspires us to share the majority of these discoveries with the community. Our customers can improve OpenStack and those improvements will eventually make it into our product offering. We make contributions to a countless number of open source projects either as a company or as individual Rackers (our employees are called "Rackers") and many of these projects are designed to run on Linux. + +### What other future technologies or industries do you think Linux and open source will increasingly become important in and why? ### + +The move to software-defined infrastructure is a big shift. Customers already have access to virtualization platforms like Xen that allow them to define their infrastructure with software. Software-defined networking is quickly becoming more mature and scalable. However, customers want the ability to have a software defined datacenter at their fingertips. This may involve physical servers, virtual servers, and virtual networks that need high performance with flexible configurations. Many of the current technologies are designed to run on Linux due to technology already available in the kernel or userland frameworks provided by the community. + +### Are you hiring? ### + +From hacking on kernels to supporting thousands of virtual machines – we are always looking for talented admins, developers and engineers. You can find more information at Rackertalent.com. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.linux.com/news/featured-blogs/200-libby-clark/775890-the-companies-that-support-linux-rackspace/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.rackspace.com/ +[2]:http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-05-15/rackspace-hires-morgan-stanley-to-evaluate-options.html +[3]:http://www.informationweek.com/cloud/infrastructure-as-a-service/9-more-cloud-computing-pioneers/d/d-id/1109120 +[4]:http://www.xenproject.org/ +[5]:http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/announcements/2014/05/new-linux-foundation-members-advance-massively-scalable-secure \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/talk/20140612 What is a good text editor on Linux.md b/sources/talk/20140612 What is a good text editor on Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0acb8877ef --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20140612 What is a good text editor on Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +What is a good text editor on Linux? +================================================================================ +Want to launch a heated debate among Linux aficionados? Ask them what is their favorite text editor. In the open source community, choosing a software to write text with, and potentially to write code with, is such an important decision that choosing a football team or a game console is less dangerous. But anyone new to Linux should not be apprehensive of the plethora of advice and the variety of trolls on the topic, and instead try to get familiar with a bunch of different text editors in the first place. So today I shall propose you a non-exhaustive thematic list of what you can find to write text with on Linux. This list will (try to) exclude the full-fledge IDEs, which are only made for programming, and the editors made specifically for LaTex. If you are interested in the latter, I can recommend you to [this post][1]. + +### 1. Vim & Emacs ### + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2936/14371977196_1a4522359b_z.jpg) + +Let's go straight to the big guys. When someone asks about text editors on Linux in a room, one person will immediately respond [Vim][2] and another will say [Emacs][3]. And there are very good reasons for that. They are both very powerful editors, with a lot of features, a lot of plugins, and a very strong community ready to support anyone. If you are not familiar with them at all, it would be a bit hard to describe the extent of their capabilities. But put simply, they allow you to move very quickly within the text, make huge edits very simply, record macros, and do basically any crazy things you might want to do with text. The downside to both of them is that the learning process to control what you are doing is unavoidable and takes time. Past this point, I will not sink into the debate of declaring one better than another, but really recommend that everyone learn at least one of the two. + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3916/14393718612_a880b86a52_z.jpg) + +### 2. Sublime Text & Lime & Atom ### + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2917/14391734181_0f0ec76e4f_z.jpg) + +Another text editor which has been on the rise for these past years is [Sublime Text][4]. Some may see it as a friendlier version of Vim or Emacs, clearly designed for programming. Indeed, it retains some similarities like the batch edition and the goto function which will remind some of Emacs or [an energized Vim][5]. However, it remains more visual and accessible. Also, the large number of plugins will seduce those inclined to customization. + +The only gray point to Sublime Text is its license: if you only use open-source, go away. Hopefully, to deal with that, an ambitious clone called [Lime][6] appeared recently. It is still under heavy development, but the spirit is here: a similar experience to Sublime Text, with the after taste of open source. Nothing more to say except admiring the effort. + +Even more recently, [Atom][7], the official competition to Sublime Text coming from GitHub was released also as open source. Wanting to provide a full-featured out of the box editor, Atom comes packaged with all you need to jump around files, use code snippets, etc. However, its strength remains in its easy customization process based on HTML and CSS, and its Node.js integration. This is as far as we will go in this list before actually reaching the definition of an IDE. + +![](https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14395083745/) + +### 3. Gedit & Kate & Mousepad & Leafpad ### + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2927/14371977076_c95a557233_z.jpg) + +If we leave the realm of the super-powered editors, we can turn to what I see as the "desktop environment classics." These editors are more traditional in the sense that some can be enhanced with plugins, but that their focus is simply to write text. If you have an idea in mind and want to jolt down something before you forget about it (I blame video games for my short attentions span), you are not going to learn or even need the shortcuts in Vim or Sublime Text. You just want to some blank space. The good thing about these editors is that they are more or less well integrated with your desktop environment. In this category, [Gedit][8] and [Kate][9], for Gnome and KDE respectively, mirror their environment, and are customizable via plugins, which makes it easier to write LaTeX, for example. [Mousepad][10] and [Leafpad][11] are more appropriate for lightweight desktops like Xfce and LXDE. They are in a way close to Windows' notepad. So if you are looking for flexibility and accessibility, pick here. + +[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5522/14415259703_d3885b3952_z.jpg)][12] + +### 4. Nano & Qute ### + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2938/14208641327_49fc7286ba_z.jpg) + +Another popular "family" of text editors is the distraction-free editors. If you like to have Facebook or Twitter opened constantly in the background, or receive an email every five minutes, you know how difficult it can be to focus on that essay due tomorrow, or this code not compiling. In this case, you need an editor that will take the whole space on the screen, and block everything else. + +Probably the least favorite of this kind is Nano. If you want to block any distraction, go without X server. It is simple and straightforward. In fact, George R. R. Martin, the author of Game of Thrones, recently [revealed in an interview][13] that he uses a similar DOS Word processor to write his novels. + +If you prefer something a bit more keen on the eye, you could like my personal favorite: [Qute][14]. No fancy features, maybe a bit of LaTeX to look nice, but the weight is really on the interface. It proposes a beautiful navigation and edition experience. If you are uneasy because of the terminal, Qute is a good alternative. + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2927/14395083485_7f8f0d6d59_z.jpg) + +### 5. LibreOffice & Calligra & Abiword ### + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3845/14395083565_b07b33abf0_z.jpg) + +Finally, an office suite is also a text editor. I doubt you can code easily on that, but it will certainly be more appropriate for plain text and more quick to pick up than LaTeX. In this category, it would be impossible to avoid [LibreOffice][15] and [Calligra][16], the two behemoth in term of featues and fame. I like both of them, but a lot of people have a clear preference for the former over the latter. If you miss Microsoft Word, you will be in your realm. A bit of the underdog, [Abiword][17] is a lightweight alternative to those. If you goal is just to edit a word document, and you do not care about spreadsheets or databases, Abiword will do the trick while preserving the features. + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2915/14371976966_4d252928ec_z.jpg) + +To conclude briefly, if I had one advice to give, it would be to pick the editor that people around you use. If for some crazy reason everyone you know uses LibreOffice to code in C, or Sublime Text to write a novel, and that you have to do something similar, you should follow the trend. The reason being that if you encounter a problem and need some help, it will be easier for them to bring it to you. + +What is your favorite text editor? What do you use it for? Please let us know in the comments. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/06/good-text-editor-linux.html + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/latex-editor-software-linux.html +[2]:http://www.vim.org/ +[3]:https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/ +[4]:http://www.sublimetext.com/ +[5]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/06/turn-vim-full-fledged-ide.html +[6]:http://limetext.org/ +[7]:https://atom.io/ +[8]:https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Gedit +[9]:http://kate-editor.org/ +[10]:http://www.home.unix-ag.org/bmeurer/xfce/apps.html +[11]:http://tarot.freeshell.org/leafpad/ +[12]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14415259703/ +[13]:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5REM-3nWHg +[14]:http://www.inkcode.net/qute +[15]:https://www.libreoffice.org/ +[16]:http://www.calligra-suite.org/ +[17]:http://www.abisource.com/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/20140612 Command Line Tuesdays--Part One.md b/sources/tech/20140612 Command Line Tuesdays--Part One.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9cfd286527 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140612 Command Line Tuesdays--Part One.md @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +Command Line Tuesdays – Part One +================================================================================ +Here we are geekos, back in action! Sorry it’s been a while, but let me just assure you we’re back on track, raging to meet the deadlines and to, well, have some fun :) + +Now, the whole idea was pretty much completely summed up in the introductory text posted a fortnight ago, so we may get down to business. As the book by Mr. Shotts instructs, we need to know what a shell is, as we’ll be operating withing it, and what a terminal emulator is. + +A shell, Mr Shotts states, is actually what we’re talking about when we’re talking about command-line. The shell is basically a program that passes the strokes of your keyboard to your computer, a translator of some sort, so your computer knows what you’re saying. There are many shells in existence, but the most widespread shell used in GNU/Linux distributions is called **bash**, or Bourne Again Shell. It’s a clever wordplay, as Mr Bourne created the bash’s predecessor, **sh**, and Brian Fox wrote it as a free alternative for sh. Ahhh, GNU people and their humor, very clever :) + +![](http://paste.opensuse.org/images/54535272.jpg) + +Next thing we need so we can interact with the shell is a terminal emulator. Every Linux distribution comes with one, depending on the desktop environment you use, so it should be **Konsole** from KDE, **Gnome terminal** in Gnome etc. Mr. Shotts says you probably develop a preference for one, but I use what the desktop environment provides me, most of the time. + +Now, fire up your terminal. You get a line, stating your user name and the machine’s host name. This is called the shell prompt. It means it’s ready for you to enter a command. Let’s try something random. Type in anything, and press enter. + +Hehe, remember the introductory saying we need to learn the commands as a poem? There we go, random doesn’t work. + +Now, press the up arrow, and you’ll see the command reappear. What’s this sorcery? The up arrow key on your keyboard is for accessing the command history. The terminal saves up to 500 commands you entered, so to not type them over and over, you can look for them with the up/down arrow. The left and right arrows are for moving the cursor within a specific line, so you can edit the text in between. Now there’s another thing – **ctrl+v** for pasting text doesn’t work. You can set it up as a shortcut somewhere, but it’s usually something else. Check your terminal emulator’s shortcuts! (in Konsole, it’s Settings > Configure shortcuts) + +Now, for us not to get the ‘command not found’ slap to the face, let’s try something simple. Type **date**. (Yes, I didn’t know there’s a command for this, so it’s exciting for me also) :) + +![](http://paste.opensuse.org/images/7123365.png) + +There you go. Why bother looking at your built in calendar in the clock, when you can fire up your terminal and type date, and see what day it is :) Just kidding, as Mr Shotts states, it’s a simple command, the more useful/difficult ones are coming next time. The related command to date is cal – it will display the current month’s calendar. + +You may also try **df**, and it will list free space on your drives. + +![](http://paste.opensuse.org/images/44662534.png) + +Or **free**, to display the amount of free memory: + +![](http://paste.opensuse.org/images/44548116.png) + +If you’re already in the type-only mood, you can enter the command **exit** to get out of the terminal emulator instead of pressing the x button. + +…and we’ll stop to a halt for this week so it won’t be too much to ingest on your already tight schedule. Too sum it up (you can write this conclusion down, for repetition), in part one, we learned: + +- what is a shell +- what do we need to communicate with the shell (terminal emulator) +- navigating the terminal commands with cursor buttons and exiting the terminal + +Four simple commands: + +- **date** – displays the current date +- **cal** – displays the current month’s calendar +- **df** – shows the amount of free space on your hard drives +- **free** – amount of free memory + +### What will we do next Tuesday? ### + +We learn navigation through the file system (what are all those bin etc etc. folders, what are they used for, how to navigate through them via the terminal). Until then… + +### …have a lot of fun! ### + +![](http://paste.opensuse.org/images/40949666.jpg) + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.opensuse.org/2014/06/10/command-line-tuesdays-part-one/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file From 19b90a90f5d908cb4477e8b739bb63bbfefc831f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Thu, 12 Jun 2014 11:01:48 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 522/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AHow=20to=20d?= =?UTF-8?q?ownload=20webcomics=20from=20the=20command=20line=20on=20Linux?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @disylee 发布了 --- ...ebcomics from the command line on Linux.md | 107 ++++++++++++++++++ ...ebcomics from the command line on Linux.md | 106 ----------------- 2 files changed, 107 insertions(+), 106 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux.md delete mode 100644 translated/tech/How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux.md diff --git a/published/How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux.md b/published/How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9efaa73c7a --- /dev/null +++ b/published/How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +Linux + 漫画迷 = 二次元世界？ +================================================================================ +你是否从来都没有错过xkcd上的漫画连载？及时地阅读到网络漫画。或者你是否想过从你喜欢的网站上备份所有漫画连载？如你所愿，开源社区将为你提供解决方案：使用命令行程序从终端上下载所有你喜欢的漫画连载。 + +在我们开始之前，请记住一点，你下载的漫画连载仅供个人使用，在没有授权的情况下是不可以散播出去的。如果你确实喜欢该作者的作品，请支持通过捐赠或购买正版商品获得。 + +### 在Linux中安装Dosage + +有一个下载漫画连载的开源程序叫[dosage][1]。由于该程序是用python写的，所以安装漫画连载工具的方式有几种。今天我们就从一种简单的方法开始吧。 + +第一步，你需要[安装pip][2]（LCTT译注，这是一个用于安装和管理python包的工具），并确保你的python版本在2.7.0至3.3区间。接下来使用pip安装dosage。 + + $ sudo pip install dosage + +如果pip不能以某种方式来找到相关包（例如Ubuntu14.04系统），可以使用下列命令来找到。 + + $ sudo pip install http://wummel.github.io/dosage/dist/dosage-2.13.tar.gz + +dosage将会自动创建一个名为“Comics”新的文件夹。 + +### Dosage的基本用法 + +dosage的基本用法如下所述。使用dosage，你可以在数据库中找到你喜欢阅读的网络漫画，当最新一期的连载发布时，你可以及时获取最新一期。从某种意义来说，无论你在网络漫画中订阅多少连载，dosage都会确保一期不落地帮你把没有读过的漫画连载下载下来。 + +下载和阅读你的离线网络漫画，首先要用以下命令将它们列出： + + $ dosage -l + +现在，我们可以看到dosage将2000多套漫画从数据库列出。我个人建议用下面的这个命令来查找我们想要看的漫画： + + $ dosage -l | grep [keyword] + +这样就会返回所有包含关键字标题的漫画了。 + +一旦你确定列表中哪一本漫画是你想要阅读的，使用以下命令订阅这本漫画： + + $ dosage [name of the webcomic] + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2940/13943751585_978ef260de_z.jpg) + +订阅漫画时会自动在"Comics"目录下创建子目录，并把最新的连载漫画下载到在里边。 + +如果你不仅仅想下载最新连载的漫画而是完整的一部，那么你使用以下的命令就可以了： + + $ dosage -a [name of the comic] + +最后，订阅了几本网络漫画之后，你可以使用下面这条简单的命令，方便地下载到这几本漫画的所有更新： + + $ dosage @ + +如果你不想错过每天的漫画更新，你可以每天执行这条命令确保不会错过。 + +### Dosage的高级用法 + +玩了一天dosage，你也许想知道它的更多使用方法。这需要你掌握更多的命令语法和快捷入门。 + +如果你想在xkcd上下载更多的漫画连载，你应该会看到一条dosage拒绝的提示（使用成人选项，确认你的年龄）： + + use the --adult option to confirm your age + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2929/13920634111_9d63589f74_z.jpg) + +因为默认情况下，dosage会忽略任何标记为仅限18岁以上的成年人浏览的网络漫画（由于某些原因，xkcd也属于其中的一个）。如果你已经成人了，请输入： + + $ dosage --adult xkcd + +从之前的例子，你也许注意到'@'这个参数代表你所有已经下载的漫画书。而这个'@@'这个参数则是表示dosage数据库中的所有漫画书。 + + $ dosage @@ + +上面的命令会下载dosage所知道的每一本漫画的最新连载。 + +如果你想获取漫画从开始到特定的某一天的连载，你可以使用以下命令： + + $ dosage -a [name of the comic]:[year-month-day] + +举个例子，我们想看《Calvin and Hobbes》2014年之前的所有连载，运行这条命令： + + $ dosage -a calvinandhobbes:2014-01-01 + +最后，对于所有想自己做些开发的人来说，dosage可以在下载时生成rss，json和html日志文件。 + + $ dosage -o [type] [name of the comic] + +在以上命令中，，[type]可以是rss，json或者html，[name of comic]也可以只用'@'。例如，用'html'参数就会创建一个漂亮的HTML代码，以看到所有已经下载到的漫画连载。 + +下面的命令会下载所有关于Calvin and Hobbes的连载并生成一个网页，可以在你的浏览器中看到一个漂亮的网页，呈现出所有连载漫画。 + + $ dosage -o html -a calvinandhobbes + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3693/13920644962_1b041dc2f2_z.jpg) + +最后，我会建议你[阅读手册][3]获取更多相关信息。dosage的确是一个非常简洁的工具，它为广大网页漫画迷们服务。我很好奇地想知道像创建出一个json文件来下载连载漫画的这种创意是怎么诞生的？ + +你还有其它更好的取代dosage的工具么？或者说你是这些工具的粉丝并且用得非常过瘾，那就在评论里推荐给我们吧。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/download-webcomics-command-line-linux.html + +译者：[disylee](https://github.com/disylee) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://wummel.github.io/dosage/ +[2]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/install-pip-linux.html +[3]:http://wummel.github.io/dosage/dosage.1.html diff --git a/translated/tech/How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux.md b/translated/tech/How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux.md deleted file mode 100644 index ba3e53bb81..0000000000 --- a/translated/tech/How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,106 +0,0 @@ - - -在Linux系统中，如何通过命令行变出二次元世界？ -================================================================================ -你是否从来都没有错过xkcd上的漫画连载？及时地阅读到网络漫画。或者你是否考虑过从你喜欢的网站上备份所有漫画连载？如你所愿，开源社区将为你提供解决方案：使用命令行程序从终端上下载所有你喜欢的漫画连载。 - - -在我们开始之前，请记住一点，你下载的漫画连载仅供个人使用，在没有授权的情况下是不可以散播出去的。如果你确实喜欢该作者的作品，请支持通过捐赠或购买正版商品获得。 - - -在Linux中安装Dosage - - -有一个下载漫画连载的开源程序叫dosage。由于该程序是用python写的，所以安装漫画连载工具的方式有几种。今天我们就从一种简单的方法开始吧。 - -第一步，你需要安装pip（用于安装和管理python包的工具），并确保你的python版本在2.7.0至3.3区间。接下来使用pip安装dosage。 - - $ sudo pip install dosage - -如果pip不能以某种方式来找到相关包（例如Ubuntu14.04系统），可以使用下列命令来找到。 - - $ sudo pip install http://wummel.github.io/dosage/dist/dosage-2.13.tar.gz - -dosage将会自动创建一个名为“Comics”新的文件夹。 - - -Dosage的基本用法 - -dosage的基本用法可以被描述如下。使用dosage，你可以在数据库中找到你喜欢阅读的网络漫画，当最新一期的连载发布时，你可以几时获取最新一期。从某种意义来说，无论你在网络漫画中订阅多少连载，dosage都会确保一期不落地帮你把没有读过的漫画连载下载下来。 - -下载和阅读你的离线网络漫画，首先要用以下命令将它们列出： - - $ dosage -l - -马上，我们可以看到dosage将2000多套漫画从数据库列出。我个人建议用下面的这个命令来查找我们想要看的漫画： - - $ dosage -l | grep [keyword] - -这样就会返回所有包含关键字标题的漫画了。 -一旦你确定列表中哪一本漫画是你想要阅读的，使用一下命令订阅这本漫画： - $ dosage [name of the webcomic] - -![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2940/13943751585_978ef260de_z.jpg) - -订阅漫画时会自动生成一个名为"Comics"的目录，并把最新的连载漫画下载到在里边。 -如果你不仅仅像下载最新连载的漫画而是整一部，那么你使用一下的命令就可以了： - - $ dosage -a [name of the comic] - -最后，如果你订阅了几本网络漫画，你可以使用下面这条简单的命令，方便地下载到这几本漫画的所有更新： - - $ dosage @ - -如果你不想错过每天的漫画更新，你可以每天执行这条命令确保不会错过。 - -Dosage的高级用法 - -玩了一天dosage，你也许想知道它的更多使用方法。这需要你掌握更多的命令语法和快捷入门。 -如果你想在xkcd上下载更多的漫画连载，你应该会看到一条dosage拒绝的提示（使用成人选项，确认你的年龄）： - - use the --adult option to confirm your age - - -![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2929/13920634111_9d63589f74_z.jpg) -因为默认情况下，dosage会为18岁以上的成年人忽略所有网络漫画中产生的冲突（xkcd只是其中的一个）。跳过这一步，请输入： - - $ dosage --adult xkcd - -从之前的例子，你也许注意到'@'这个参数几乎用于所有关于漫画书的下载。接下来这个'@@'这个参数是关于dosage数据库的所有漫画书。 - - $ dosage @@ - -上面的命令会下载dosage所知道的每一本漫画的最新连载。 -如果你想获取漫画开始到特定某一天的连载，你可以使用以下命令： - $ dosage -a [name of the comic]:[year-month-day] - -举个例子，我们想看《Calvin and Hobbes》2014年之前的所有连载，运行这条命令： - - $ dosage -a calvinandhobbes:2014-01-01 - -最终对所有想把连载作为个人用途的开发者，dosage会在下载连载时生成rss，json和html日志文件。 - - $ dosage -o [type] [name of the comic] - -在以上命令中，，[type]可以是rss，json或者html，[name of comic]也可以只用'@'。例如，用'html'参数就回创建一个漂亮的HTML代码可以看到所有已经下载到的漫画连载。 - -下面的命令会下载所有关于Calvin and Hobbes的连载并生成一个网页代码，在你的浏览器中看到一个漂亮的网页格式呈现出所有连载漫画。 - $ dosage -o html -a calvinandhobbes - -![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3693/13920644962_1b041dc2f2_z.jpg) - -最后，我会建议你阅读手册3获取更多相关信息。dosage的确是一个非常简洁的工具，它为广大网页漫画迷们服务。我很好奇地想知道像创建出一个json文件来下载连载漫画的这种创意是怎么诞生的？ - -你还有其它更好的工具来取代dosage？或者说你是这种可以取代dosage工具的粉丝并且用得非常过瘾，那就在评论里推荐给我们吧。 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/04/download-webcomics-command-line-linux.html - -译者：disylee(https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://wummel.github.io/dosage/ -[2]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/install-pip-linux.html -[3]:http://wummel.github.io/dosage/dosage.1.html From 2f0e6e5f782179196a50395e6faa48d91b3671ba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wwhio Date: Thu, 12 Jun 2014 11:09:02 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 523/601] Delete [translating] 20140610 Top 7 Desktop Environment For Linux.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 翻译完成 --- ...610 Top 7 Desktop Environment For Linux.md | 69 ------------------- 1 file changed, 69 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/talk/[translating] 20140610 Top 7 Desktop Environment For Linux.md diff --git a/sources/talk/[translating] 20140610 Top 7 Desktop Environment For Linux.md b/sources/talk/[translating] 20140610 Top 7 Desktop Environment For Linux.md deleted file mode 100644 index 895e38bb4e..0000000000 --- a/sources/talk/[translating] 20140610 Top 7 Desktop Environment For Linux.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,69 +0,0 @@ -Top 7 Desktop Environment For Linux - -translating by wwhio -================================================================================ -Standard Linux circulations regularly default to one of two desktop environments, KDE or GNOME. Both of these give clients an instinctive and attractive desktop, and also offering a verity of media inbuilt softwares, system programs, games, utilities, web development tools, programming tools and so on. These two desktops center all the more on giving clients a cutting edge computing environment with all the accessories emphasized in Windows OS, instead of minimizing the measure of system resources they require. - -If you are using Ubuntu (or other) and exhausted of utilizing Unity desktop constantly? At that point, you ought to look at different choices accessible that can swap unity for you. I have gathered 7 desktop environments that are great and you beyond any doubt would need to utilize them once you are finished with this article. - -### [Mate][1] ### - -![](http://i0.wp.com/pulpybucket.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/mate.png) - -Mate is a fork of GNOME2. It gives a natural and appealing desktop environment utilizing conventional representations for Linux and other Unix-like working frameworks. MATE is under dynamic improvement to include help for new advances while saving a conventional desktop experience. - -Ubuntu 14.04, surprisingly, permit clients to introduce the MATE desktop straight from the Ubuntu Software Center. - -### [KDE][2] ### - -![](http://i2.wp.com/pulpybucket.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Kubuntu-9.04-DesktopEffects.png) - -KDE is the other significant desktop look, close to Gnome. It is considered to be the flashier and most asset and heavy desktop environment of every one of them. It’s likewise the particular case that looks closest to Windows’ desktop without any extraordinary adjustments or templates. KDE has the most peculiarities, and in addition a huge measure of settings you can change to tweak your experience. There is likewise a considerable measure of topics accessible for KDE, so you can truly profit from KDE’s peculiarities and still have it look the way you need it to. - -### [Cinnamon][3] ### - -![](http://i1.wp.com/pulpybucket.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/WD9O-C08B-ESP5.jpg) - -Cinnamon is a Gtk+-based environment. It initially began as a fork of the GNOME Shell, which is a client interface, and was at first created by (and for) Linux Mint. Cinnamon is essentially proposed for utilization with a console and a Pointing gadget, in the same way as a mouse; use with a touchscreen is likewise conceivable. Rather than KDE Plasma Workspaces, there is one GUI. Cinnamon 2.0, the current version, was disclosed on 10 October 2013. - -### [Unity][4] ### - -![](http://i1.wp.com/pulpybucket.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Ubuntu_13.10_Desktop.png) - -Unity is an interface for the GNOME desktop environment created by Canonical Ltd. for its Ubuntu OS. Unity appeared in the netbook release of Ubuntu 10.10. It was at first intended to make more proficient utilization of space given the constrained screen size of netbooks, including, for instance, a vertical app switcher called launcher, and a vertical space saver multipurpose top menubar. Unity in not a collection of different applications, like GNOME, KDE, Xfce, or LXDE, it is developed to use available utilities. - -### [GNOME Shell][5] ### - -![](http://i0.wp.com/pulpybucket.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/GNOME_Shell_3.6.png) - -GNOME gives center interface capacities like exchanging windows, launch applications or see your notices. It exploits the capacities of cutting edge graphics hardware and gives attractive, innovative client interface ideas with give a delightful and simple to user experience. GNOME Shell is the defining technology of the GNOME 3 client experience. - -A stable release of GNOME Shell was disclosed as a vital a piece of GNOME on 3 March 2011. - -### [Xfce][6] ### - -![](http://i0.wp.com/pulpybucket.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/New-Picture1.jpg) - -Xfce is a lighter desktop environment that is focused around the GTK schema. It looks very like Gnome 2/MATE, however it’s a lighter alternative than those two. It’s additionally much lighter than KDEand Gnome 3, so it’s ideal for low-fueled gadgets or for frameworks whose holders look to achieve greatest execution. It’s not the lightest alternative accessible – continue perusing for that – however Xfce does accomplish an equalization of execution and capacity. - -### [LXDE][7] ### - -![](http://i2.wp.com/pulpybucket.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/LXDE_desktop_full.png) - -LXDE is ostensibly the lightest alternative accessible for a desktop environment, at least among those that the customary desktop standard. This GTK-based desktop environment replaces the greater part of the default apps with considerably lighter alternatives (think Abiword, Gnumeric, and so on rather than Libreoffice), and it offers no flash visual impacts – nor does it have great feel by and large, without highly weighted tweaks. But, it’s still has a nice looking desktop with full functionality that you ought to consider to use in the event that you need something fast and simple. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://pulpybucket.com/top-7-desktop-environment-linux/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://mate-desktop.org/ -[2]:http://kde.org/ -[3]:http://cinnamon.linuxmint.com/ -[4]:https://unity.ubuntu.com/ -[5]:http://www.gnome.org/ -[6]:http://xfce.org/ -[7]:http://lxde.org/ From d196718e0b09d339bf7cfa7a1e742cb641ff0fb1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wwhio Date: Thu, 12 Jun 2014 11:14:46 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 524/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E3=80=90=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C?= =?UTF-8?q?=E6=88=90=E3=80=91Top=207=20Desktop=20Environment=20For=20Linux?= =?UTF-8?q?.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 翻译完成 20140610 Top 7 Desktop Environment For Linux.md --- ...610 Top 7 Desktop Environment For Linux.md | 67 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 67 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/talk/20140610 Top 7 Desktop Environment For Linux.md diff --git a/translated/talk/20140610 Top 7 Desktop Environment For Linux.md b/translated/talk/20140610 Top 7 Desktop Environment For Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8a64eb331a --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/talk/20140610 Top 7 Desktop Environment For Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +Linux 平台七大桌面环境 +================================================================================ +通常的 Linux 发行版上都使用 KDE 或者 GNOME 作为默认的桌面环境。它们都给用户提供了一个易用的并且有吸引力的桌面，并且内置了各式各样的多媒体软件、系统程序、游戏、实用程序、网页开发工具、编程工具等等。这两个桌面致力于提供给用户一个拥有类似于 Windows 操作系统体验的尖端的计算环境，而忽略了最小化它们所占用的系统资源。 + +如果你正在使用 Ubuntu (或者其他Linux发行版) 并且疲于始终使用 Unity 桌面，那么你应该看看这些可以替代 Unity 的选择。我收集了 7 种桌面环境。它们都很棒。在你读完这篇文章之后，请试着使用它们吧。 + +### [Mate][1] ### + +![](http://i0.wp.com/pulpybucket.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/mate.png) + +MATE 是 GNOME2 的一个分支。它提供了一个自然且吸引人的桌面环境。它是 Linux 和其他 Unix-like 工作环境中的传统工作框架的代表。MATE 正在改善以使用新的技术来保留传统的桌面体验。 + +在 Ubuntu 14.04 中，可以直接从 Ubuntu 软件中心获取 MATE 桌面。 + +### [KDE][2] ### + +![](http://i2.wp.com/pulpybucket.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Kubuntu-9.04-DesktopEffects.png) + +KDE 是一个类似于 GNOME 一样的重量级桌面环境。它在本文章所提及的7种桌面环境中被认为是最华丽最重量级的一个。它同样是一个类似于 Windows 的桌面，在这一点上没有什么特殊的变化。不过 KDE 非常有特点，但是随之而来的是大量的设置来提升你的桌面体验。同样的，有很多关于 KDE 的话题。所以真的可以从 KDE 的特点中获益，并且保持你所想的外观。 + +### [Cinnamon][3] ### + +![](http://i1.wp.com/pulpybucket.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/WD9O-C08B-ESP5.jpg) + +Cinnamon 是一个基于 Gtk+ 的环境。它最初作为 GNOME Shell 的一个用户界面分支，由 Linux Mint 创造。 Cinnamon 本质上是为了推行使用终端和定点装置。无论是使用鼠标，还是使用触摸屏都可以获得同样便捷的操作。不像 KDE Plasma 工作空间， 只有一种 GUI。 当前版本—— Cinnamon 2.0 展示于2013年10月10日。 + +### [Unity][4] ### + +![](http://i1.wp.com/pulpybucket.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Ubuntu_13.10_Desktop.png) + +Unity 是 GNOME 桌面环境的一个界面，由 Canonical 公司创建，使用于 Ubuntu 系统中。Unity 最初现身于 Ubuntu 10.10 的上网本版本中。它起初打算充分利用上网本的屏幕空间，例如一个被称为启动器的垂直应用切换器（a vertical app switcher called launcher）和一个节省垂直空间的多功能顶部菜单栏。Unity 不像 GNOME , KDE, Xfce 或者 LXDE 是许多软件的合集，它是作为使用实用程序而开发的（it is developed to use available utilities）。 + +### [GNOME Shell][5] ### + +![](http://i0.wp.com/pulpybucket.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/GNOME_Shell_3.6.png) + +GNOME 提供了桌面核心接口例如交换窗口，启动应用程序以及显示提示。它利用先进图形硬件来实现吸引人的，创新的界面思想，提供了愉悦简单的用户体验。GNOME Shell 定义了 GNOME 3 的客户体验。 + +作为 GNOME 的一个重要组成部分， GNOME Shell 的稳定版本首次发布于 2011年3月3日。 + +### [Xfce][6] ### + +![](http://i0.wp.com/pulpybucket.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/New-Picture1.jpg) + +Xfce 是一个轻量级的桌面环境，围绕 GTK 框架实现。他看起来很像 Gnome 2 或者 MATE，然而 Xfce 是它们的轻量级替代品。相较于 KDE 和 GNOME 3 而言，Xfce 非常轻量级，所以它是运行小工具或者那些希望实现最大执行效率的框架的理想环境。它还不是可以获得的最轻量级的选择 - 请继续往下看 - 然而，Xfce 的确完成了执行效率和功能的平衡。 + +### [LXDE][7] ### + +![](http://i2.wp.com/pulpybucket.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/LXDE_desktop_full.png) + +LXDE 显然是桌面环境中最轻量级的选择，至少在消费级的桌面标准中是这样。这个基于 GTK 的桌面环境使用了很多轻量级的选择替代了默认的应用（例如 Abiword, Gnumeric, 而不是 LibreOffice）。它提供了无闪烁的视觉冲击 - 总体感觉也没有很不错，没有复杂的设置。但是，LXDE 仍然提供了漂亮的桌面和完整的功能。当你需要快速简洁时，它就是你需要的选择。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://pulpybucket.com/top-7-desktop-environment-linux/ + +译者：[wwhio](https://github.com/wwhio) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://mate-desktop.org/ +[2]:http://kde.org/ +[3]:http://cinnamon.linuxmint.com/ +[4]:https://unity.ubuntu.com/ +[5]:http://www.gnome.org/ +[6]:http://xfce.org/ +[7]:http://lxde.org/ From 7b3e2b28443a56f2cd413b4eba9aa22c36ede7f4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: GOLinux Date: Thu, 12 Jun 2014 11:54:49 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 525/601] Translated:Making Linux Feel at Home.md --- translated/tech/Making Linux Feel at Home.md | 124 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 124 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/tech/Making Linux Feel at Home.md diff --git a/translated/tech/Making Linux Feel at Home.md b/translated/tech/Making Linux Feel at Home.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6e02a51a3a --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/Making Linux Feel at Home.md @@ -0,0 +1,124 @@ +让Linux宾至如归 +================================================================================ +**采用小企鹅不管是对于小企业还是大企业而言，都是一个明智的选择。Linux曾经被认为是业余爱好者的操作系统，但是经历了很长一段历程后，现在它成了企业级系统。它很稳定，而且很安全。Linux易于定制，而且有庞大的社区提供帮助。这只是迁移到Linux桌面的部分理由。** + +迁移到一个不同的系统，从来都不是件容易的事。开着窗户（Windows），或不品味苹果（MacIntosh）可能是个令人沮丧且代价高昂的体验。花钱升级新的硬件来赶上高贵的新软件时髦，这往往是毫无价值的做法。 + +在家里或一个小型的办公环境中运行一个Linux发行版，这是个卓有成效的努力，它可以带来开支的节约和效率的提升。对于企业环境而言，采用Linux服务器系统来取代追赶微软基础架构常常是个明智的商业选择。 + +然而，放弃熟悉操作系统下的舒适环境的过程看起来比实际更具挑战性。个人用户和中小型企业可以分阶段迁移到Linux桌面。软件是免费的，而用户也已经有了合适的可以支撑两个平台的硬件。 + +许多更大型的企业已经跑起了它们自己的Linux服务器仓库和完整的Linux桌面应用，这里它更容易适应。基于云的软件的使用使得办公室人员在使用他们的工作站工作时意识不到有很大的改变。 + +“是否迁移到Linux取决于使用情况。如果在家里使用，或者从事开发，那么你会想使用Linux中所有可用的功能。那是没脑子的想法。迁移到另外一个操作系统从来没有一帆风顺的。没有哪种使用情况可以适合所有场合，它取决于用户基础。“麦克 瓦伊塔尔，[Talkpoint][1]首席技术官，告诉Linux圈内人。 + +在中小型企业中和企业客户一起工作，瓦伊塔尔发现，利用新技术的个人用户和公司领导者的数量在增长，这些新技术将他们吸引到Linux中来。 + +### 舒适度期望值 ### +这些Linux技术之一就是Chrome OS,还有现在由基于Linux的Chrome浏览器操作系统驱动的廉价笔记本。 + +由于用户已经熟悉Google的Chrome浏览器，或这开源的Chronium浏览器项目，使用Chromebook或者基于云的运载系统使得迁移到Linux变得小菜一碟。 + +“忽略使用的操作系统，其中一个问题是浏览器的能力。我们已经发现，用户85%的时间花在浏览器中“托马斯 邓，[Splashtop][2的共同创立者及产品管理高级副总裁，告诉Linux圈内人。 + +邓发现，那些有着快速学习曲线、能适应较新技术的人对此越来越有兴趣。人们使用多种多样的产品。因此迁移到一个与他们在其它设备上使用过的系统类似的系统，会使得迁移更平稳。 + +### Chrome迎合潮流 ### +移动设备用户，不管是在家中还是工作中，越来越精通Linux，而他们根本不知道这是个什么系统。他们在几个操作系统间切换。伴随着熟练程度的提高，开源环境也越发让人感觉舒适。通过云平台来分发跨平台软件，这是一个附加的迁移措施。 + +“Google正在做的是与办公套件相关的真正有趣的事情。Google现在正在它的Chrome OS上敞开大门。“瓦伊塔尔说。 + +对于关闭窗户（Windows），敞开大门（Chrome OS），一个很好的例子是它的公司内部使用Chrome驱动的工具。例如，Talkpoint使用ChromeBox设备。 + +“那就为多媒体团队和传统的AV用户敞开了大门。我们看到该技术上的很多进展。“瓦伊塔尔解释说。 + +### 平板打破传统 ### +另外一个Linux设备为迁移到桌面OS铺平道路的例子是安卓系统的流行。加上这个为智能手机和平板电脑改良的Linux发行版。 + +“对于迁移到Linux的人而言，人们对平板界面感到很舒服，尤其是在对Windows 8界面感到不满之后。我认识的每个人都试着回到Windows 7.“瓦伊塔尔说。 + +### 云计算具有Linux影响力 ### +人们希望使用像MS Offcie这样熟悉的生产工具来进行文字处理。而在Windows平台上，开源产品不怎么被人熟知。因此，在开始迁移到完整的Linux桌面之前，先整合开源工具到原有平台会很有帮助。邓解释道。 + +随着Google Docs和Google Chrome浏览器的流行，Windows用户不知道开源的趋势正在发生改变。他指出。 + +““让迁移到Linux变得方便的另外一条路是迁移到云端，使用云端应用。”邓说。“对用户进行教育，是将用户迁移到Linux的最有效的方式。Chromebook正大量被采用，这是一条迁移到Linux便捷的道路。” + +### 小企鹅威猛 ### +聘请Tux，Linux的吉祥物小企鹅，对于小企业和大企业来说都是明智的选择。它是一个成熟、稳定而又灵活的操作系统，绝对可以帮你干活。据肖恩 塞乐，[视觉解决方案][3]高级产品经理说。 + +“对于小型商业公司，运行Linux来替代其它操作系统是令人信服的选择，而且也带来优势，当然这取决于你的公司的需求。“塞乐告诉Linux圈内人。 + +它曾经被认为是是业余爱好者的操作系统，但是经历了很长一段历程后，现在它成了企业级系统。它很稳定，而且很安全。Linux易于定制，而且有庞大的社区提供帮助。这只是迁移到Linux桌面的部分理由。 + +### 商业加分 ### +利用更多的社区支持模型可以节约成本，塞乐说。Linux可以获得免费的社区支持，也可以付费订阅完整的技术支持。一些Linux版本也有硬件和软件认证这些东西，这些对于某些工作环境是很重要的。 + +例如，小型商业公司和大型企业可以可以完整地运行像CentOS或者OpenSuse这样的发行版，或者也可以从[Red Hat][4]或者Suse来整合付费的版本。即便是一个完整的订阅模型，Linux也比Windows或者传统的Unix提供了更低的总拥有成本，以及更好的投资回报，塞乐解释道。 + +“我相信，让小型企业来切身体验一下Linux很有意义。”塞乐补充道。“由于在社区以及像IBM和Red Hat这样的公司的帮助下，开源软件总体上正以快速的步伐帮助推动革新，Linux有一个光明的前途。“ + +### 小心爽一把 ### +操作系统会家庭和工作地内部有不同的忠实用户。就拿BDNA的CTO沃克 怀特来说吧。他在家里使用Linux作为桌面操作系统，但是他的家人却对他热衷的东西并不买账。 + +“我的家人用Mac gear。他们盲目追随市场营销和功能炒作，而根本不考虑性能之类的东西。我在家里进行一个人的圣战，试着策反更多的人来加入Linux阵营。”怀特告诉Linux圈内人。 + +在他的公司里有类似的死忠派在奋斗，他说道，他公司里Linux桌面使用并不普遍 —— 但他们为Linux在工作中更广泛地部署打下了基础。 + +BDNA在内部使用Google应用很多。公司也在把越来越多的东西迁移到基于云计算的产品中。无论如何，这会给筹备中的工作更多的支持。 + +“当我切换到想OpenOffice这样的应用时，该操作必须真正实现无缝操作以捕获更多人的心。从纯市场角度看，开发者需要稍稍改变一下游戏规则。苹果赢得了年轻孩子和30岁年轻一代的心。我经常在我公司听到这样的想法。”他说。 + +### 小企鹅对战苹果 ### +请求新设备是高端的MacBook Pro的特点，怀特解释道。尽管他们主要使用的工具是在线工具，BDNA的工人还是想要华而不实的，高度宣传的硬件。 + +为了打破这种观念，他不得不将操作系统和硬件的功能分离。战役的一部分是将用户与操作系统本身隔离。而这只有在企业同时有在线和离线的生产力应用程序才会发生，据怀特说。 + +“即使是使用文件管理器这样简单的事情也需要将注意力放在操作系统允许我们在我们使用的应用里头做什么，而不是操作系统本身。”他说。 + +### 爽到极点 ### +操作系统多大程度上控制计算机用户？这个问题对于迁移到Linux而言很关键，怀特说。 + +想想Chromebook以及安卓手机和平板的不断成功，消费者真的需要知道他们正在运行Linux么？ + +“我认为迁移到Linux以及Linux在家里成功的关键在于，我们可以在线做多少事情。”怀特说，“因为我在家里使用Linux，所以我看到了其中的优势。” + +你是否启用家庭消费者层面的设置，或是转向家庭或小企业用户设置，重点在于用户可以兼容他们使用的工具和功能。这里头包括像共享和创建文档，以及与之相关的事情，他说明道。 + +### 迁移措施 ### +对于市场而言，软件和硬件生产商需要减少对操作系统的关注。例如，Chromebook正以苹果销售MacBook类似的方式获得大众认可。Google与其说是在贩卖Linux操作系统，倒不如说它是在销售应用，怀特回答道。 + +“开发者真正需要做的是改变工作重点，让用户和Linux相处融洽，而不是停留在使用非Windows，或者非Mac操作系统的踌躇上。不管你用什么，必须可以让它做你想让它做的事。像Chromebook这样的事物正是秉承了这样的观点，将Linux操作系统本身掩盖了起来。”他指出。 + +计算机生产商必须首先开始打破“它是Windows”或者“它是Mac”这样的模式。到那个时候，迁移到Linux的数量才会大幅攀升，怀特总结道。 + +“这无关操作系统品牌，”他说，“而在于运行该操作系统的设备所能做的事。” + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/80415.html + +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.talkpointcommunications.com/ +[2]:http://www.splashtop.com/ +[3]:http://www.visionsolutions.com/ +[4]:http://www.redhat.com/ +[5]:http://www.bdna.com/ +[6]:http://www.openoffice.org/ +[7]: +[8]: +[9]: +[10]: +[11]: +[12]: +[13]: +[14]: +[15]: +[16]: +[17]: +[18]: +[19]: +[20]: From 638d7a83c606def90aa3cd263727a136ff1b6856 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: GOLinux Date: Thu, 12 Jun 2014 12:02:57 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 526/601] Translated:Open Source LDAP Solutions.md --- .../20140609 Open Source LDAP Solutions.md | 33 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 33 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/tech/20140609 Open Source LDAP Solutions.md diff --git a/translated/tech/20140609 Open Source LDAP Solutions.md b/translated/tech/20140609 Open Source LDAP Solutions.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..72a1b79614 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20140609 Open Source LDAP Solutions.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +开源LDAP解决方案 +================================================================================ +LDAP（轻量级目录访问协议）是一个用于访问目录服务的应用协议，它运行在TCP/IP堆栈的上一层，采用简单的编码方法，并提供了便捷的方式来连接到互联网目录，特别是基于X.500的目录服务，并对它们进行搜索和修改。LDAP是一个开放的、中立的，并且具有工业标准的应用协议，它采用客户端-服务器模式。 + +该协议主要针对管理应用程序和提供对目录读/写操作的浏览器应用程序。 + +使用LDAP服务器的主要好处在于，整个组织的信息可以合并到一个中央仓库统一管理。LDAP支持安全套接协议层（SSL）和传输层安全协议（TLS），因而敏感信息可以受到保护。LDAP服务器用于多种任务，包括但不限于这些服务：用户认证、机器认证、用户/系统分组、资源追踪、组织演示以及应用配置存储。 + +为了提供对可用开源软件质量的深刻了解，我们列出了5个高品质的LDAP解决方案。 + +现在，让我们浏览手头上的5个LDAP解决方案吧。每个标题，我们都提供了连接页面，里面有对其功能特性的深度分析，同时提供了相关资源和评论的链接。 + +### LDAP解决方案 ### + +- [389目录服务器][1] - 企业级开源LDAP服务器 +- [OpenDJ][2] - API经济的云目录服务 +- [OpenLDAP][3] - 应用程序和开发工具的LDAP套件 +- [freeIPA][4] - 身份/策略管理 +- [ApacheDS][5] - 编写的LDAP和Kerberos服务器 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140607022012848/LDAPSolutions.html + +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://port389.org/ +[2]:http://opendj.forgerock.org/ +[3]:http://www.openldap.org/ +[4]:http://www.freeipa.org/ +[5]:http://directory.apache.org/apacheds/ \ No newline at end of file From 4cfc1fceff0099eb5d9a68f1f2ebdd46dec0fadb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Thu, 12 Jun 2014 12:26:46 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 527/601] Update 20140612 Command Line Tuesdays--Part One.md --- sources/tech/20140612 Command Line Tuesdays--Part One.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140612 Command Line Tuesdays--Part One.md b/sources/tech/20140612 Command Line Tuesdays--Part One.md index 9cfd286527..d4de9e22f3 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140612 Command Line Tuesdays--Part One.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140612 Command Line Tuesdays--Part One.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +别占我的，该系列GOLinux独占了。 Command Line Tuesdays – Part One ================================================================================ Here we are geekos, back in action! Sorry it’s been a while, but let me just assure you we’re back on track, raging to meet the deadlines and to, well, have some fun :) @@ -59,4 +60,4 @@ via: https://news.opensuse.org/2014/06/10/command-line-tuesdays-part-one/ 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 4dd0deb3398e34e0d6beba0147fcb6c85821a0fa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: limox Date: Thu, 12 Jun 2014 12:40:34 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 528/601] alim0x translating --- .../20140612 Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/20140612 Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/news/20140612 Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md index 5112c69da9..e69de7f364 100644 --- a/sources/news/20140612 Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ b/sources/news/20140612 Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +alim0x translating + Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04 ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Dpkg-Vulnerabilities-Closed-in-Ubuntu-14-04-446282-2.jpg) @@ -22,4 +24,4 @@ via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Dpkg-Vulnerabilities-Closed-in-Ubuntu-14-04- 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 -[1]:http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/usn-2242-1/ \ No newline at end of file +[1]:http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/usn-2242-1/ From e4b0249a005bccd38ef2a4dcb73ebe2e9c0e1245 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Thu, 12 Jun 2014 12:45:09 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 529/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9A20140611=20H?= =?UTF-8?q?TG=20Explains--What'=20s=20the=20Difference=20Between=20Linux?= =?UTF-8?q?=20and=20BSD?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @MikeCoder --- ... s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md | 84 +++++++++++++++++++ ... s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md | 82 ------------------ 2 files changed, 84 insertions(+), 82 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/20140611 HTG Explains--What' s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md delete mode 100644 translated/talk/20140611 HTG Explains--What' s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md diff --git a/published/20140611 HTG Explains--What' s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md b/published/20140611 HTG Explains--What' s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c55fb6af45 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20140611 HTG Explains--What' s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +Linux 与 BSD 有什么不同? +================================================================================ +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/freebsd-devil-mascot-and-ubuntu-linux.jpg) + +Linux 和 BSD 都是免费的，开源的，类Unix系统。他们甚至使用很多相同的软件。他们看上去简直就像是一个操作系统，那么，它们有什么不同吗？ + +其实，两者之间的不同，远远超出了我们下面提到的这些，尤其是在构建完整操作系统和许可授权的哲学思想上，更是相差甚远。通过这篇短文将可以简单的了解它们之间的不同。 + +### 基础 ### + +[许多人所称的“Linux”实际上不是 Linux][1]。Linux 从技术上说只是 Linux 内核，典型的 Linux 发行版则包括了 Linux 内核和许多软件。这是[为什么 Linux 有时被称为 GNU/Linux][2]。事实上，许多在 Linux 上使用的软件同样也在 BSD 上使用。 + +Linux 和 BSD 都是类 UNIX 操作系统。我们可以通过阅读[类 UNIX 操作系统历史][3]发现 Linux 和 BSD 有不同的谱系。Linux 是由 Linus Torvalds 在芬兰上大学的时候开发的。BSD 则代表“Berkeley Software Distribution，伯克利软件套件”，其源于对加州大学伯克利分校所开发的贝尔实验室UNIX的一系列修改，它最终发展成一个完整的操作系统，现在有多个不同的BSD分支。 + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/freebsd-boot-screen.png) + +### 内核 vs. 完整操作系统 ### + +严格的说，Linux 是只是一个内核。制作 Linux 发行版所要做的工作就是，汇集那些创建一个完整 Linux 操作系统所需的所有软件，将它组合成一个像 Ubuntu、Mint、Debian、RedHat 或者是 Arch 这样的 [Linux 发行版][4]。有许多不同的 Linux 发行版。 + +与此相反的是，BSD 这个名字则代表其内核和操作系统。例如，FreeBSD 提供了 FreeBSD 内核和 FreeBSD 操作系统。它是作为一个单一的项目维护的。换句话说，如果你想要安装 FreeBSD，就只有一个 FreeBSD 可供你安装。如果你想要安装 Linux，你首先需要在许多 Linux 发行版之间选择。 + +BSD 包括一个名为 Ports 的系统，它提供了一种安装软件包的方式。Ports 系统包含了软件包的源代码，所以您的计算机如果想安装软件的话，则需要先编译他们。（如果您曾经使用过以前流行的 Gentoo，有点类似那样。）不过，软件包也可以是预安装的二进制形式，以便你不需要花时间和系统资源编译他们就能运行。 + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/ubuntu-14.04-unity-desktop.png) + +### 许可证 ### + +许可证是典型的差异，虽然它不会对大多数人产生影响。Linux 使用 GNU 通用公共许可证，即 GPL。如果你修改了 Linux 内核，并将其分发，你就必须放出您的修改的源代码。 + +BSD 使用 BSD 许可证。如果你修改了 BSD 内核或发行版，并且发布它，你根本不需要必须发布其源代码。你可以自由地对你的 BSD 代码做任何你想做的事情，你没有义务发布的你修改的源代码，当然你想发布也行。 + +两者都是[开放源码][5]的，但是以不同的方式。人们有时会陷入关于哪种许可证是“更自由”的辩论。GPL 可以帮助用户以确保他们可以拥有 GPL 软件的源代码，并限制开发人员迫使他们开放代码。BSD 许可证并不能确保用户可以拥有源代码，而是给开发人员选择是否公布代码的权利，即使他们想要把它变成一个闭源项目。 + +### BSD分支 ### + +以下是通常认可的三个“主流” BSD 操作系统： + +- [FreeBSD][6]: FreeBSD 是最受欢迎的 BSD，针对高性能和易用性。它支持英特尔和 AMD 的32位和64位处理器。 +- [NetBSD][7]: NetBSD 被设计运行在几乎任何架构上，支持更多的体系结构。在他们的主页上的格言是"理所当然，我们运行在 NetBSD 上"。 +- [OpenBSD][8]:OpenBSD 为最大化的安全性设计的 —— 这不仅仅它宣称的功能，在实践中也确实如此。它是为银行和其他重要机构的关键系统设计的。 + +还有两个其他的重要 BSD 操作系统： + +- [DragonFly BSD][9]: DragonFly BSD 的设计目标是提供一个运行在多线程环境中的操作系统 —— 例如，计算机集群。 +- [Darwin / Mac OS X][10]: Mac OS X 实际上基于 Darwin 操作系统，而 Darwin 系统基于 BSD。它与其他的 BSD 有点不同，虽然底层内核和其他的软件是开源代码(BSD 代码)，但操作系统的大部分是闭源的 Mac OS 代码)。苹果在 BSD 基础上开发了 Mac OS X 和 iOS，这样他们就不必写操作系统底层，就像 [谷歌在 Linux 基础上开发 android 系统][11]一样。 + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/mac-os-x-is-built-on-darwin-bsd.png) + +### 你为什么会选择 BSD 而不是 Linux？### + +Linux 显然比 FreeBSD 更受欢迎。例如，Linux 往往会比 FreeBSD 更早提供新硬件的支持。BSD 有一个兼容包可用，使之能像大多数的其他软件一样原生的执行 Linux 二进制程序。 + +如果您使用过 Linux， FreeBSD 不会让你感觉到太大的不同。如果把 FreeBSD 作为桌面操作系统，你也可以使用相同的 GNOME，KDE 或 Xfce [桌面环境][12]，你也可以在BSD上使用 Linux 上的大多数的其他软件。有一点需要注意，FreeBSD 不会自动安装的图形化桌面，所以你要花相对于 Linux 更多的心思来照顾你的BSD。BSD 更守旧一些。 + +FreeBSD 的可靠性和稳定性也许更适合作为服务器的操作系统。而厂商也会选择 BSD 而不是 Linux 作为其操作系统，因为这样他们就不必放出他们修改的代码。 + +如果你是一个 PC 桌面用户，你真的不需要太过在意 BSD。你可能会喜欢 Linux，因为它具有更先进的硬件支持，更容易安装，具有现代操作系统的特点。如果你关注服务器或嵌入式的设备，你可能会更喜欢 FreeBSD。 + +我们可能会听到一些人说他们在桌面电脑上使用 FreeBSD，你当然也可能是其中之一！但像 Ubuntu 或 Mint 一样的开源操作系统对于多数用户来说更体验良好和更先进些。 + +图片来源: [atzerok on Flickr][13] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.howtogeek.com/190773/htg-explains-whats-the-difference-between-linux-and-bsd/ + +译者：[MikeCoder](https://github.com/MikeCoder) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.howtogeek.com/177213/linux-isnt-just-linux-8-pieces-of-software-that-make-up-linux-systems/ +[2]:http://www.howtogeek.com/139287/the-great-debate-is-it-linux-or-gnulinux/ +[3]:http://www.howtogeek.com/182649/htg-explains-what-is-unix/ +[4]:http://www.howtogeek.com/132624/htg-explains-whats-a-linux-distro-and-how-are-they-different/ +[5]:http://www.howtogeek.com/129967/htg-explains-what-is-open-source-software-and-why-you-should-care/ +[6]:http://www.freebsd.org/ +[7]:http://www.netbsd.org/ +[8]:http://www.openbsd.org/ +[9]:http://www.dragonflybsd.org/ +[10]:http://opensource.apple.com/ +[11]:http://www.howtogeek.com/189036/android-is-based-on-linux-but-what-does-that-mean/ +[12]:http://www.howtogeek.com/163154/linux-users-have-a-choice-8-linux-desktop-environments/ +[13]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/atzerok/5378691454 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/talk/20140611 HTG Explains--What' s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md b/translated/talk/20140611 HTG Explains--What' s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md deleted file mode 100644 index c308a2478c..0000000000 --- a/translated/talk/20140611 HTG Explains--What' s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -HTG 解释:Linux 与 BSD 有什么不同? -================================================================================ -![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/freebsd-devil-mascot-and-ubuntu-linux.jpg) - -Linux和BSD都是免费的，开源的，类Unix系统。他们甚至使用很多相同的软件。他们看上去简直就像是一个操作系统，那么，不同点真的不存在吗？ - -其实，两者之间的不同，远远超出了我们将提到的这些，尤其是在构建完整操作系统和许可授予的哲学思想上，更是相差深远。尽管这只能帮助你简单的理解他们的不同。 - -### 基础 ### -[许多人所称的“Linux”实际上不是Linux ] [1]。Linux从技术上说只是Linux内核，典型的Linux分支则包括了Linux内核，还有许多软件。这是[为什么Linux有时被称为GNU/Linux][2]。事实上，许多同样的软件在Linux上使用BSD相同的软件。 - -Linux和BSD 都是类UNIX操作系统。我们可以通过阅读[类UNIX操作系统历史][3]发现Linux和BSD有不同的谱系。Linux是由Linus Torvalds在芬兰上大学的时候开发的。BSD则代表“伯克利软件套件”。因为这是在1977至1995年间由加州大学伯克利分校开发和发布的。 - -![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/freebsd-boot-screen.png) - -### 内核 vs. 完整操作系统 ### -Linux 是只是一个内核。[Linux 发行版][4] 所要做的工作汇集了创建一个完整的 Linux 操作系统所需的所有软件，将它组合到一个 Linux 内核上，像 Ubuntu，Mint，Debian、 Red 或者是 Arch。当然还有许多不同的 Linux 发行版。 - -与此相反的是，Bsd 是一个内核和操作系统。例如，FreeBSD 提供了 FreeBSD 内核和 FreeBSD 操作系统。它是作为一个单一的项目维护的。换句话说，如果你想要安装 FreeBSD，你只需安装 FreeBSD。如果你想要安装 Linux，你需要首先在许多 Linux 发行版之间选择。 - -BSDs include the ports system. which provides a way of installing software packages. The ports system contains software in source form, so your computer has to compile them before they’ll run. (If you ever used Gentoo when it was popular, it’s a bit like that.) However, packages can also be installed in pre-installed binary form so you don’t have to spend time and system resources compiling them. - -Bsd 包括Ports体系。提供了一种安装软件包的方式。Ports体系包含以源代码形式发布软件，所以您的计算机如果想安装，则需要先编译他们。（如果您曾经使用过 Gentoo，它就是那样的。然而，包也可以是预安装的二进制形式，所以你不需要花时间和系统资源编译他们就能运行。 - -![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/ubuntu-14.04-unity-desktop.png) - -### 授权 ### - -授权是显著的差异，虽然它不会对大多数人产生影响。Linux 使用 GNU 通用公共许可证或 GPL。如果你修改 Linux 内核，并将其分发，你必须释放您的修改的源代码。 - -Bsd 使用 BSD 许可证。如果你修改的 BSD 内核，你不需要发布其源代码。你可以自由地编写任何你喜欢的 BSD 代码，你不是有义务发布的源代码，虽然你可以这样做如果你喜欢。 - -两者都是 [开放源码] [5]，但以不同的方式。人们有时会陷入关于哪种许可是"更自由"的辩论。GPL 可以帮助用户通过确保他们可以有 GPL 软件的源代码，但它通过迫使他们开放代码来限制开发人员。BSD 许可证并不能确保用户可以拥有有源代码，但它给开发人员选择是否公布代码的权利，即使他们想要把它变成一个闭源项目。 - -### 有关BSDs ### - -这些都是通常被认为是"主要"BSD的三个操作系统： - -- [FreeBSD][6]: FreeBSD 是最受欢迎的 BSD，针对高性能和易用性。它支持英特尔和 AMD 32 位和 64 位处理器。 -- [NetBSD][7]: NetBSD 设计运行在几乎任何架构上，支持更多的体系结构。在他们的主页上的格言是"Of course it runs NetBSD"。 -- [OpenBSD][8]:OpenBSD 为安全性设计的 —— 不仅仅因为它的功能，还包括他执行的方法。它是为银行和其他重要机构的关键系统设计的。 - -有两个其他的 BSD 操作系统： - -- [DragonFly BSD][9]: DragonFly BSD 的设计目标是提供一个运行在多线程环境中的操作系统 — 例如，计算机集群。 -- [Darwin / Mac OS X][10]: Mac OS X 实际上基于Darwin操作系统，Darwin系统基于 BSD。它与其他的 Bsd 有点不同。虽然底层内核和其他的软件是开源代码(BSD 代码)，但操作系统的大部分是闭源代码(Mac OS 代码)。苹果内置 Mac OS X 和 iOS 基于BSD，这样他们就不必写操作系统底层，就像 [谷歌 android 系统在 Linux 上] [11] - -![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/mac-os-x-is-built-on-darwin-bsd.png) - -### 你为什么会选择 BSD 而不是 Linux？### - -Linux 仍然比 FreeBSD 更受欢迎。Linux 往往会在FreeBSD之前提供新硬件的支持，例如，BSD可以提供兼容包，使之能像大多数的其他软件一样执行Linux的二进制程序。 - -如果您使用过 Linux和FreeBSD，你也不会发现有所不同。安装 FreeBSD 作为桌面操作系统，你也可以使用相同的 GNOME，KDE 或 Xfce [桌面环境] [12] 你也会在BSD上使用 Linux 上的其他软件。有一点需要注意，FreeBSD 不会自动安装的图形化桌面，所以你要花相对于Linux更多的心思来照顾你的BSD。 - -如果你是一个桌面的 PC 用户，你真的不需要太过在意 Bsd。你可能会喜欢 Linux，因为它具有更高级的硬件支持，更容易安装，具有现代操作系统的特点。如果你聚集服务器或设计嵌入式的设备，你可能会喜欢 FreeBSD。 - -我们可能会听到在桌面电脑上使用FreeBSD的人发表的评论，你当然也可能是其中之一！但像Ubuntu或Mint一样的开源操作系统将会变得更加用户友好。 - -图片来源: [atzerok on Flickr][13] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.howtogeek.com/190773/htg-explains-whats-the-difference-between-linux-and-bsd/ - -译者：[MikeCoder](https://github.com/MikeCoder) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.howtogeek.com/177213/linux-isnt-just-linux-8-pieces-of-software-that-make-up-linux-systems/ -[2]:http://www.howtogeek.com/139287/the-great-debate-is-it-linux-or-gnulinux/ -[3]:http://www.howtogeek.com/182649/htg-explains-what-is-unix/ -[4]:http://www.howtogeek.com/132624/htg-explains-whats-a-linux-distro-and-how-are-they-different/ -[5]:http://www.howtogeek.com/129967/htg-explains-what-is-open-source-software-and-why-you-should-care/ -[6]:http://www.freebsd.org/ -[7]:http://www.netbsd.org/ -[8]:http://www.openbsd.org/ -[9]:http://www.dragonflybsd.org/ -[10]:http://opensource.apple.com/ -[11]:http://www.howtogeek.com/189036/android-is-based-on-linux-but-what-does-that-mean/ -[12]:http://www.howtogeek.com/163154/linux-users-have-a-choice-8-linux-desktop-environments/ -[13]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/atzerok/5378691454 \ No newline at end of file From 04bbdd659e9055c2722993fb87fc1de6c68d029a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Thu, 12 Jun 2014 12:48:29 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 530/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=B8=85=E9=99=A4=E5=8E=9F=E6=96=87?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @GOLinux --- .../20140609 Open Source LDAP Solutions.md | 33 ----- sources/talk/Making Linux Feel at Home.md | 134 ------------------ 2 files changed, 167 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/talk/20140609 Open Source LDAP Solutions.md delete mode 100644 sources/talk/Making Linux Feel at Home.md diff --git a/sources/talk/20140609 Open Source LDAP Solutions.md b/sources/talk/20140609 Open Source LDAP Solutions.md deleted file mode 100644 index 53bc7688b4..0000000000 --- a/sources/talk/20140609 Open Source LDAP Solutions.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,33 +0,0 @@ -Open Source LDAP Solutions -================================================================================ -LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) is an application protocol for accessing directory services. It runs on a layer above the TCP/IP stack incorporating simplified encoding methods, and offers a convenient way to connect to, search, and modify Internet directories, specifically X.500-based directory services. It is an open, vendor-neutral, industry standard application protocol. LDAP utilizes a client-server model. - -This protocol is specifically targeted at management applications and browser applications that provide read/write interactive access to directories. - -The main benefit of using an LDAP server is that information for an entire organization can be consolidated into a central repository. LDAP supports Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS), so that sensitive data can be protected. LDAP servers are used for a variety of tasks including, but not limited to, user authentication, machine authentication, user/system groups, asset tracking, organization representation, and application configuration stores. - -To provide an insight into the quality of open source software that is available, we have compiled a list of 5 high quality LDAP solutions. - -Now, let's explore the 5 LDAP solutions at hand. For each title we have compiled its own portal page, a full description with an in-depth analysis of its features, together with links to relevant resources and reviews. - -### LDAP Solutions ### - -- [389 Directory Server][] - Enterprise-class Open Source LDAP server -- [OpenDJ][2] - Cloud Directory for the API Economy -- [OpenLDAP][3] - LDAP suite of applications and development tools -- [freeIPA][4] - Identity/Policy Management -- [ApacheDS][5] - LDAP and Kerberos server written in Java - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140607022012848/LDAPSolutions.html - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://port389.org/ -[2]:http://opendj.forgerock.org/ -[3]:http://www.openldap.org/ -[4]:http://www.freeipa.org/ -[5]:http://directory.apache.org/apacheds/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/talk/Making Linux Feel at Home.md b/sources/talk/Making Linux Feel at Home.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6212774f5d..0000000000 --- a/sources/talk/Making Linux Feel at Home.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,134 +0,0 @@ -Making Linux Feel at Home -================================================================================ -**Hiring Tux is a smart move for both small and large businesses. Linux once was considered a hobbyist's operating system, but it has come a long way and now is considered enterprise class. It is considered very stable and secure. Linux can easily be customized, and there is a huge community eager to help out. Those are just some of the reasons to migrate to the Linux desktop.** - -Migrating to a different operating system is never easy. Keeping the Windows opened or not chewing on a MacIntosh can be a frustrating and costly experience. Buying new upgraded hardware to keep up with costly new software releases is often an exercise in futility. - -Running a Linux distribution at home or in a small office environment can be a productive endeavor that brings cost savings and increased efficiency. Adopting a Linux server system instead of playing catch-up with a Microsoft infrastructure is often a smart business move for enterprise environments. - -However, the process of giving up a comfort zone around a familiar operating system often seems more of a challenge than it actually is. Individual users and SMBs can move into the Linux desktop in stages. The software is free, and users already have suitable hardware that can function with both platforms. - -Many larger enterprises already run their own Linux server silos and integrate Linux desktop use where it fits more easily. The growing use of cloud-based software lets office workers use their workstations without realizing any major change occurred. - -"Migrating to Linux is based on the use case. If you are home or are a developer, you are going to want to use all the power available in Linux. That is a no-brainer. There is no one easy way to migrate to another operating system. No one use case fits all. It is dependent on the user base," Mike Vitale, chief technology officer for [TalkPoint][1], told LinuxInsider. - -Working with enterprise clients in SMB environments, Vitale sees a growing movement of individual users and corporate leaders taking advantage of new technologies that draw them toward Linux. - -### Comfort Counts ### - -One of those Linux technologies is the Chrome OS and the low-cost laptop computers now powered by the Linux-based Chrome browser OS. - -For users already familiar with Google's Chrome browser or the open source Chromium browser project, using a Chromebook or cloud-based delivery system makes migrating to Linux an easy walk in the park. - -"One of the issues, regardless of which OS is used, is the browser capabilities. We have found that 85 percent of the time the user is in a browser," Thomas Deng, cofounder and senior vice president of product management for [Splashtop][2], told LinuxInsider. - -There's a growing interest in people adapting to newer technologies with quick learning curves, Deng observed. People use a variety of products. So migrating to an OS that resembles what they use on another device makes for a smoother transition. - -### hrome Craze Caters ### - -Mobile device users both at home and at work are becoming proficient with Linux without knowing it. They move back and forth among several operating systems. With that familiarity comes a comfort zone for open source. Using cross-platform software delivered from a cloud platform is an added migration measure. - -"What Google is doing is really interesting with the office suite. Google is opening the door with its Chrome OS now," said Vitale. - -A good example of opening doors while shutting Windows is how his company uses Chrome-driven tools in-house. For instance, TalkPoint uses the ChromeBox appliance. - -"That is opening the door for multimedia teams and traditional AV users. We are seeing a lot of inroads with that technology," Vitale explained. - -### Tablets Tackle Tradition ### - -Another instance of Linux devices paving the way for desktop OS migration is the popularity of the Android OS. Add to this the Linux distros retooled for smartphones and tablets. - -"As far as migrating people to Linux goes, people are getting more comfortable with the tablet interface, especially with their unhappiness over the Windows 8 interface. Everyone I know is trying to turn it back to Windows 7," said Vitale. - -### Cloud Has Linux Clout ### - -People expect to use their familiar productivity tools like MS Office for word processing. There is less familiarity with open source products on the Windows platform, so integrating open source before starting a move to fully implementing the Linux desktop helps, noted Deng. - -That trend of Windows users not knowing about open source is changing with the popularity of Google Docs and the Google Chrome browser, he pointed out. - -"What is also easing the transition to Linux is the shift to using cloud applications," Deng said. "Educating the user is the most effective way to move users into Linux. The Chromebook is becoming very widely adopted. It is an easy migration path into Linux." - -### Tux the Mighty ### - -Hiring Tux, the Penguin that is the Linux mascot, is a smart move for both small and large businesses. It is a mature, stable and flexible operating system that definitely can do the job, according to Shaun Seller, senior product manager at [Vision Solutions][3]. - -"For a small business, running Linux is a compelling alternative to other operating systems and may provide advantages, depending on your business needs," Seller told LinuxInsider. - -It once was considered a hobbyist's operating system. Linux has come a long way and now is considered enterprise class. It is considered very stable and secure. Linux can easily be customized, and there is a huge community eager to help out, he said. Those are just some of the reasons to migrate to the Linux desktop. - -### Good Business Cents ### - -Leveraging more of the community support model can create cost savings, Seller said. Linux is available free with community support or through subscriptions that offer full technical support. Some Linux distributions also come with things like hardware and software certifications, which may be important for some work environments. - -For example, small businesses and larger enterprises can run a distribution such as CentOS or OpenSuse completely or in combination with a subscription-based version from [Red Hat][4] or Suse. Even with a full subscription model, Linux offers a lower total cost of ownership and better return on investment than Windows or traditional Unix, explained Seller. - -"I believe it makes sense for smaller businesses to take a close look at Linux," added Sellers. "Linux has a bright future, as open source software in general is helping drive innovation at a fast pace, with help and collaboration from the community, and companies like IBM and Red Hat." - -### Cozy but Cautious ### - -Operating systems can produce divided loyalties within families and workplaces. Take the case of Walker White, CTO of [BDNA][5]. He uses Linux as a desktop OS at home, but his family is not so enthusiastic about his computing passion. - -"My family members use Mac gear. They blindly follow the marketing ploys and the feature hype without any consideration of performance and such. I am on a personal holy war at home to try slipping more allegiance towards Linux," White told LinuxInsider. - -There are similar allegiance struggles in his company, he said, where the Linux desktop is not yet universally used -- but he is laying the foundation for a wider Linux deployment at work. - -BDNA uses the Google applications internally quite a bit. The company is migrating more and more things to cloud-based offerings. However, that will take more support from ongoing preparations. - -"When I switch over to applications like [OpenOffice][6], that operation has to be really seamless for it to start getting better adoption. From a pure marketing perspective, developers need to change the game a little bit. Apple is winning the hearts and minds of the young kids and the younger generations through their 30s. I see that attitude often at my company," he said. - -### Tux Takes On Apple ### - -Requests for new equipment are very specific to the high-end MacBook Pro, explained White. Even though the tools they mostly are using are based online, workers BDNA want the flashy, highly advertised hardware names. - -To break that view, he has to separate function from OS and hardware. Part of that battle is to insulate the user from the operating system itself. That can happen only when the industry has productivity applications both online and offline, according to While. - -"Even simple things like using file managers need to focus on not the OS but what that OS allows us to do within the apps that we use," he said. - -### Making Comfy Complete ### - -How much should an operating system control the computer user? That question is critical in migrating to Linux, said Whites. - -Consider the growing success of the Chromebook and Android phones and tablets. Do consumers really need to know they are running Linux? - -"I think the key to Linux migration and success of the Linux desktop in the home is tied to how much can we actually do online," White said. "Since I use Linux at home, I see the advantages." - -Whether you start at the consumer level at home or move up to the business user in the home or in a small business setting, it's important that users be comfortable with all of the tools and features they use. That includes things like sharing and creating documents, and everything that goes along with that, he explained. - -### Migrating Measures ### - -As for marketing, software and hardware makers need to put less emphasis on the operating system. For example, Chromebook is gaining acceptance in much the same way as Apple sells the MacBook. Google is not so much hawking a Linux OS as it is selling an appliance, White reasoned. - -"What developers really need to do is change the focus, so users get comfortable with Linux in their homes without dwelling on using a non-Windows or non-Mac operating system. Whatever you use has to be able to do the things you want it to do. Something like Chromebook does that with Linux under the covers," he pointed out. - -Computer makers must first start to break that mold of "it is Windows" or "it is a Mac." Until that happens, migrating to Linux will be a steep climb, White concluded. - -"It is not about branding the OS," he said. "It is about the capabilities of the devices the OS runs." - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/80415.html - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.talkpointcommunications.com/ -[2]:http://www.splashtop.com/ -[3]:http://www.visionsolutions.com/ -[4]:http://www.redhat.com/ -[5]:http://www.bdna.com/ -[6]:http://www.openoffice.org/ -[7]: -[8]: -[9]: -[10]: -[11]: -[12]: -[13]: -[14]: -[15]: -[16]: -[17]: -[18]: -[19]: -[20]: From 412c5804be4bdbffd132815eb199b83bded1d215 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: MikeCoder Date: Thu, 12 Jun 2014 14:31:14 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 531/601] Merge branch 'master', remote-tracking branch 'lctt/master' From 9c11911ddd7eda71d70ab695a3127ef35f998cb2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: GOLinux Date: Thu, 12 Jun 2014 14:39:07 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 532/601] Translated:Command Line Tuesday--Part One.md --- ...0140612 Command Line Tuesdays--Part One.md | 62 ------------------ ...0140612 Command Line Tuesdays--Part One.md | 63 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 63 insertions(+), 62 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20140612 Command Line Tuesdays--Part One.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20140612 Command Line Tuesdays--Part One.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20140612 Command Line Tuesdays--Part One.md b/sources/tech/20140612 Command Line Tuesdays--Part One.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9cfd286527..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20140612 Command Line Tuesdays--Part One.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62 +0,0 @@ -Command Line Tuesdays – Part One -================================================================================ -Here we are geekos, back in action! Sorry it’s been a while, but let me just assure you we’re back on track, raging to meet the deadlines and to, well, have some fun :) - -Now, the whole idea was pretty much completely summed up in the introductory text posted a fortnight ago, so we may get down to business. As the book by Mr. Shotts instructs, we need to know what a shell is, as we’ll be operating withing it, and what a terminal emulator is. - -A shell, Mr Shotts states, is actually what we’re talking about when we’re talking about command-line. The shell is basically a program that passes the strokes of your keyboard to your computer, a translator of some sort, so your computer knows what you’re saying. There are many shells in existence, but the most widespread shell used in GNU/Linux distributions is called **bash**, or Bourne Again Shell. It’s a clever wordplay, as Mr Bourne created the bash’s predecessor, **sh**, and Brian Fox wrote it as a free alternative for sh. Ahhh, GNU people and their humor, very clever :) - -![](http://paste.opensuse.org/images/54535272.jpg) - -Next thing we need so we can interact with the shell is a terminal emulator. Every Linux distribution comes with one, depending on the desktop environment you use, so it should be **Konsole** from KDE, **Gnome terminal** in Gnome etc. Mr. Shotts says you probably develop a preference for one, but I use what the desktop environment provides me, most of the time. - -Now, fire up your terminal. You get a line, stating your user name and the machine’s host name. This is called the shell prompt. It means it’s ready for you to enter a command. Let’s try something random. Type in anything, and press enter. - -Hehe, remember the introductory saying we need to learn the commands as a poem? There we go, random doesn’t work. - -Now, press the up arrow, and you’ll see the command reappear. What’s this sorcery? The up arrow key on your keyboard is for accessing the command history. The terminal saves up to 500 commands you entered, so to not type them over and over, you can look for them with the up/down arrow. The left and right arrows are for moving the cursor within a specific line, so you can edit the text in between. Now there’s another thing – **ctrl+v** for pasting text doesn’t work. You can set it up as a shortcut somewhere, but it’s usually something else. Check your terminal emulator’s shortcuts! (in Konsole, it’s Settings > Configure shortcuts) - -Now, for us not to get the ‘command not found’ slap to the face, let’s try something simple. Type **date**. (Yes, I didn’t know there’s a command for this, so it’s exciting for me also) :) - -![](http://paste.opensuse.org/images/7123365.png) - -There you go. Why bother looking at your built in calendar in the clock, when you can fire up your terminal and type date, and see what day it is :) Just kidding, as Mr Shotts states, it’s a simple command, the more useful/difficult ones are coming next time. The related command to date is cal – it will display the current month’s calendar. - -You may also try **df**, and it will list free space on your drives. - -![](http://paste.opensuse.org/images/44662534.png) - -Or **free**, to display the amount of free memory: - -![](http://paste.opensuse.org/images/44548116.png) - -If you’re already in the type-only mood, you can enter the command **exit** to get out of the terminal emulator instead of pressing the x button. - -…and we’ll stop to a halt for this week so it won’t be too much to ingest on your already tight schedule. Too sum it up (you can write this conclusion down, for repetition), in part one, we learned: - -- what is a shell -- what do we need to communicate with the shell (terminal emulator) -- navigating the terminal commands with cursor buttons and exiting the terminal - -Four simple commands: - -- **date** – displays the current date -- **cal** – displays the current month’s calendar -- **df** – shows the amount of free space on your hard drives -- **free** – amount of free memory - -### What will we do next Tuesday? ### - -We learn navigation through the file system (what are all those bin etc etc. folders, what are they used for, how to navigate through them via the terminal). Until then… - -### …have a lot of fun! ### - -![](http://paste.opensuse.org/images/40949666.jpg) - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://news.opensuse.org/2014/06/10/command-line-tuesdays-part-one/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/tech/20140612 Command Line Tuesdays--Part One.md b/translated/tech/20140612 Command Line Tuesdays--Part One.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ea20bb5f1e --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20140612 Command Line Tuesdays--Part One.md @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +命令行星期二 — 第一篇 +================================================================================ +极客们，我们又回来了！真抱歉让你们久等了，但我保证，我们又回归正轨了。我们满怀热情与大家相约，让我们激情燃烧，寻找刺激吧:) + +现在，整个的想法已经在两周前的开场白中告诉你们了，所以现在让我们来干点正事吧。就像Shotts先生书里讲得那样，我们需要来了解一下shell是个什么东西，终端模拟器又是个什么东西，因为我们要在这里头干活。 + +Shotts在他的书中写道，shell实际上是当我们谈论命令行时所谈论的东西。shell基本上一个程序，它将你敲击键盘的动作传递给计算机；它也是某种形式的翻译器，将你所讲的东西翻译给计算机听。在这世界上活着的shell真是五花八门，但是活得最好的要数**bash**了，它在GNU/Linux中随处可见。我们也叫它Bourne Again Shell，这是一个精巧的双关语，因为自从Bourne先生创造了它的祖先**sh**后，Brian Fox又把它重写成为一个自由的sh替代品。啊哈！GUN人和他们的幽默，真的很精明。:) + +![](http://paste.opensuse.org/images/54535272.jpg) + +接下来我所需要，是一个让我们能和shell交互的东西，它就是终端模拟器。每个Linux发行版都自带了一个，至于长什么样就得看你使用的桌面环境了，可能是KDE的**Konsole**，也可能是Gnome的**Gnome terminal**等等。Shotts先生说了，你可以开发出你所偏爱的一个，但是大部分时间我还是用用桌面环境给我提供的那个吧。 + +现在来发动你的终端。打开后，你会见到一行字，这行字告诉你用户名和机器的主机名，它叫作shell提示符。它告诉你它准备好了，你可以输入命令了。让我们来随便玩玩，随便输入点什么东西进去，然后敲回车看看。 + +呵呵，还记开篇我们讲过，我们需要像学诗歌一样来学习命令吗？记得就好，随意乱来可干不了啥事。 + +现在，按那个上箭头，你会发现命令又回来了。这是啥魔法？你键盘上的上箭头用来取出历史命令。终端会保存总计500个你输入过的命令，所以别一次又一次地重复敲它们了，你可以用上/下箭头来查找它们。左右箭头用来在指定行中移动光标，这样你就可以在文本中编辑或者插入了。另外一个东西 — **ctrl+v**是用来粘贴不工作的文本的。你可以在某个地方将它设置成快捷键，但是它常常不是那么回事。检查你的模拟器的快捷键！（在Konsole中，它位于设置 > 配置快捷键） + +现在，为了我们不在挨‘命令找不到’这一巴掌，让我们试试一些简单的。敲个**date**来试试。（是的，我不知道有这么个命令，这真着实让我兴奋了一把）:) + +![](http://paste.opensuse.org/images/7123365.png) + +你又来了。当你能打开终端并输入date命令来查看日期时，为什么在时钟中看看内建日历会让你不胜其烦 :) 只是开个玩笑。就像Shotts书里写的那样，它确实是个简单的命令，更有用/困难的命令会在以后介绍。跟date相关的命令是cal - 它会显示当前月的日历。 + +你也可以试试**df**，它会列出你驱动器上的空闲空间。 + +![](http://paste.opensuse.org/images/44662534.png) + +或者试试**free**来显示空闲内存： + +![](http://paste.opensuse.org/images/44548116.png) + +如果你已经跟上了敲击键盘的节奏，你可以输入**exit**命令来关闭终端模拟器了，而不是去点击那个x了。 + +嗯，本周我们就到此为止吧，免得有太多的要学的东西来占据你紧巴巴的日程了。下面来个小结（你可以把结论写下来，做个备份吧），在这一篇中，我们学习了： + +- 什么是shell +- 我们需要用什么来和shell交流（终端模拟器） +- 使用光标按钮来驾驭终端命令以及退出终端 + +是个简单的命令： + +- **date** – 显示当前日期 +- **cal** – 显示当前月份的日历 +- **df** – shows the amount of free space on your hard drives +- **free** – amount of free memory + +### 下周二我们将会做什么呢？ ### + +We learn navigation through the file system (what are all those bin etc etc. folders, what are they used for, how to navigate through them via the terminal). Until then… +我们会学习在文件系统中导航（bin、etc等等这所有的文件夹都是些什么东西？它们用来干什么？怎样通过终端来浏览它们）。到那时…… + +### 你就有得乐了！ ### + +![](http://paste.opensuse.org/images/40949666.jpg) + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.opensuse.org/2014/06/10/command-line-tuesdays-part-one/ + +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file From 5f284a1b742e90adf6a2220dc021631ac9fd4a11 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Thu, 12 Jun 2014 15:46:00 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 533/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AHow=20to=20m?= =?UTF-8?q?anage=20ip=20addresses=20and=20subnets=20with=20phpIPAM?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @GOLinux --- ...e ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md | 45 +++++++++++++------ 1 file changed, 31 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md (77%) diff --git a/translated/tech/How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md b/published/How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md similarity index 77% rename from translated/tech/How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md rename to published/How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md index a934939bb6..94f1587d5d 100644 --- a/translated/tech/How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md +++ b/published/How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md @@ -1,13 +1,12 @@ -Translating by GOLinux ... - 如何使用phpIPAM来管理IP地址和子网 ================================================================================ -通常，网络或系统管理员有责任来管理所管理的网络下的一个或多个子网。例如，当一个网段分配了/24子网，那么该子网就有254个IP地址可以用于不同目的。要跟踪某个IP被分配到了哪个主机，就需要某种文件编制。最简单的方法，就是使用一个电子表格来记录IP地址的分配信息。此方法对于只有一个管理员，并且网络很小的情况下比较奏效。然而，对于多个大型网络而言，依赖于电子表格并不方便，而且十分容易出错。更糟糕的是，如果有多个管理员参与管理，更新电子表格就十分麻烦了，因为每个管理员可能生成各种不同版本的文档记录。 -一种系统地管理IP地址分配的方式是使用网络化的IP地址管理工具。不仅仅是因为网络化管理工具能在任何地方访问并管理，而且其后端数据库也能保证所有更新能正确同步并实时生效。尽管有许多可用的网络化应用工具，但我们将在此教程中关注如何来安装[phpIPAM][1]（IP地址管理工具）。phpIPAM是一个开源、高效的IP地址管理应用软件，有着以下一些特性。 +通常，网络或系统管理员有责任来管理其所管理的网络下的一个或多个子网。例如，当一个网段分配了/24子网，那么该子网就有254个IP地址可以用于不同用途。要跟踪某个IP被分配到了哪个主机，就需要通过某种方式记录下来。最简单的方法，就是使用一个电子表格，如Excel来记录IP地址的分配信息。此方法对于只有一个管理员，并且网络很小的情况下比较奏效。然而，对于多个大型网络而言，依赖于电子表格并不方便，而且十分容易出错。更糟糕的是，如果有多个管理员参与管理，更新电子表格就十分麻烦了，因为每个管理员可能生成各种不同版本的文档记录。 + +一种系统地管理IP地址分配的方式是使用网络化的IP地址管理工具。不仅仅是因为网络化管理工具能在任何地方访问并管理，而且其后端数据库也能保证所有更新能正确同步并实时生效。尽管有许多可用的网络化应用工具，但我们将在此教程中关注如何来安装[phpIPAM][1]（IP Address Manager IP地址管理工具）。phpIPAM是一个开源、高效的IP地址管理应用软件，有着以下一些特性。 - 同时支持IPv4和IPv6（和其它工具不同，它对IPv6支持得很好） -- 内建IPv4和IPv6计算器 +- 内建的IPv4和IPv6计算器 - 支持无类域间路由（CIDR）标记 - 支持MySQL数据库 - 子网嵌套 @@ -22,18 +21,23 @@ Translating by GOLinux ... 可访问[http://demo.phpipam.net][2]查看phpIPAM演示网站。 在本教程中，我们将**在Ubuntu环境中使用Apache来配置phpIPAM**。 + ### 在Ubuntu上安装phpIPAM ### + 首先，使用apt-get来安装需要的软件包。 # apt-get install apache2 mysql-server php5 php5-gmp php-pear php5-mysql php5-ldap wget + 如果MySQL是首次安装，请使用以下命令来设置root密码。 # mysqladmin -u root password NEWPASSWORD + phpIPAM可以安装在任何Web服务器目录中，我们将会安装到Apache Web服务器的根目录下的/phpipam/子目录中。 下载phpIPAM软件包。 # wget http://kent.dl.sourceforge.net/project/phpipam/phpipam-1.0.tar + 将软件包解压到Web服务器相应目录。 # cp phpipam-1.0.tar /var/www/ @@ -64,13 +68,15 @@ phpIPAM可以安装在任何Web服务器目录中，我们将会安装到Apache 需要在提供的.htaccess文件中指定基准目录。 # vim /var/www/phpipam/.htaccess - -> RewriteBase /phpipam/ +--- + RewriteBase /phpipam/ ### 准备Apache Web服务器 ### -phpIPAM需要为该操作重写模块，该模块可以在Ubuntu或Debian机器上使用以下命令来启用。 + +phpIPAM的运行需要Apache 的 Rewrite模块，该模块可以在Ubuntu或Debian机器上使用以下命令来启用。 # a2enmod rewrite + 接下来，需要修改Apache的默认配置。请添加/修改你的配置，使它看起来像下面这样。 # vim /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default @@ -89,48 +95,57 @@ phpIPAM需要为该操作重写模块，该模块可以在Ubuntu或Debian机器 # service apache2 restart ### 完成安装 ### + 我们可以使用浏览器来完成phpIPAM的安装。将浏览器地址指向URL: http:///phpIPAM，将会显示以下phpIPAM安装页面。我们可以开始自动化数据库安装。 ![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2928/14216904555_0095bf048f_z.jpg) ![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2934/14193740116_afc44b8338_z.jpg) -现在，phpIPAM应该已经起来，并正在运行了，我们可以使用以下默认凭证来登录。 +现在，phpIPAM应该已经起来，并正在运行了，我们可以使用以下默认用户来登录。 - **URL**: http:///phpipam - **User**: Admin - **Pass**: ipamadmin ### 使用phpIPAM管理IP地址 ### + 在本教程的剩下部分，我们将引领你进入phpIPAM的子网和IP地址管理。 + #### 创建区域 #### + 让我们从为我们的网络创建区域开始吧。点击“管理” > “区域”。 ![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2926/14213603451_3c2918805c.jpg) -点击“添加区域”。现在我们可以为我们的添加的区域取个你想要的名称了，填上区域的详细情况。 +点击“添加区域”。现在我们可以为我们的添加的区域取个你想要的名称了（如："Our Network"），填上区域的详细情况。 ![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5195/14030287410_3d07a582ce_z.jpg)][3] #### 创建子网 #### -接下来，在“我们的网络”区域下添加一个新的子网172.16.1.0/24。点击“我们的网络” > “添加子网” + +接下来，在上面场景的区域“Our Network”下添加一个新的子网172.16.1.0/24。点击“Our Network” > “添加子网” ![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2925/14213603401_e16917bb7a_z.jpg) ![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2937/14216715144_0427165702_z.jpg) -现在，我们可以很容易地在子网中添加IP地址了。一种方法是逐个来添加它们，phpIPAM提供了一个可供选择的方法：扫描所有主机并自动添加，这一点都不麻烦。它可以扫描位于同一广播域下的本地子网，也可以通过路由扫描到远程子网。在选择一个子网后，像下面这样点击“扫描子网中的新主机”来扫描IP地址。 +现在，我们可以很容易地在子网中添加IP地址了。一种方法是逐个来添加它们，phpIPAM提供了一个可选的方法：扫描所有主机并自动添加，这一点都不麻烦。它可以扫描位于同一广播域下的本地子网，也可以通过路由扫描到远程子网。在选择一个子网后，像下面这样点击“扫描子网中的新主机”来扫描IP地址。 ![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5157/14193740006_ac2a01a3aa_o.png)][4] 在扫描完成后，发现的IP地址可以通过点击底部“添加发现的主机”按钮来将IP地址添加到数据库。 + #### 创建IPv6子网 #### + 可以通过相似的步骤来创建IPv6子网，像下面截图中展示的那样来指定IPv6网络。 ![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2922/14216715104_de8008bf94_z.jpg) 所有用于IPv4的工具也可以用于IPv6. + #### 创建嵌套子网 #### + phpIPAM也提供了创建嵌套子网的选项，可以用于IPv4和IPv6。例如，我们将172.16.1.0/24 IP区块划分成4个更小的子网（/26），每个子网用于组织内特定的部门。在选择/24子网后，我们可以使用“添加新的嵌套子网”按钮来创建嵌套子网。截图中展示了添加嵌套子网的图标。 ![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5272/14030318447_66e4511cd6_o.png)[5] @@ -140,7 +155,8 @@ phpIPAM也提供了创建嵌套子网的选项，可以用于IPv4和IPv6。例 ![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5231/14216904305_5af77616f7_z.jpg)[6] #### 添加用户和组 #### -首先，我们将为“我们的网络”创建一个具有读/写权限的组。这项工作可以通过选择“管理” > “组” > “创建组”来完成。 + +首先，我们将为区域“Our Network”创建一个具有读/写权限的组。这项工作可以通过选择“管理” > “组” > “创建组”来完成。 ![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2899/14030230539_73b1d5f7d4_z.jpg) @@ -159,11 +175,12 @@ phpIPAM也提供了创建嵌套子网的选项，可以用于IPv4和IPv6。例 最后小结，phpIPAM是一个多样化的IP地址管理工具，可以用于IPv4和IPv6。本教程仅关注基本内容，以帮助你开始使用该工具。你一定要测试所有可用的特性，如使用IP地址计算器，添加设备，VLAN和VRF，以及使用.xls导入/导出。 希望本教程对你有所帮助。 + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/manage-ip-addresses-subnets-phpipam.html -译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From f50f9e3d2450db07eb9c28114276c98c02630724 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: limox Date: Thu, 12 Jun 2014 18:45:18 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 534/601] translate completed --- ... Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md | 27 ------------------- ... Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md | 25 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/20140612 Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md create mode 100644 translated/news/20140612 Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md diff --git a/sources/news/20140612 Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/news/20140612 Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md deleted file mode 100644 index e69de7f364..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20140612 Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -alim0x translating - -Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04 -================================================================================ -![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Dpkg-Vulnerabilities-Closed-in-Ubuntu-14-04-446282-2.jpg) - -**Canonical has announced that a dpkg vulnerability in its Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, Ubuntu 13.10, Ubuntu 12.10, Ubuntu 12.04 LTS, and Ubuntu 10.04 LTS operating systems has been corrected.** - -The company has just released a new update for the dpkg package, fixing a problem with this very important software that is used in all Ubuntu versions. - -“It was discovered that dpkg incorrectly handled certain patches when unpacking source packages. If a user or an automated system were tricked into unpacking a specially crafted source package, a remote attacker could modify files outside the target unpack directory, leading to a denial of service or potentially gaining access to the system,” reads the security notice. - -For a more detailed description of the problems, you can see Canonical's [security notification][1]. Users have been advised to upgrade their systems as soon as possible. - -The flaws can be fixed if you upgrade your system(s) to the latest libdpkg-perl packages specific to each distribution. To apply the patch, run the Update Manager application. - -In general, a standard system update will make all the necessary changes and users won't have to restart the PC or the laptop in order to apply the patch. This update can also be performed from the terminal, with the apt-get dist-upgrade command. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Dpkg-Vulnerabilities-Closed-in-Ubuntu-14-04-446282.shtml - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/usn-2242-1/ diff --git a/translated/news/20140612 Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md b/translated/news/20140612 Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..afd00a5808 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/20140612 Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +Ubuntu 14.04中Dpkg的漏洞已被修复 +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Dpkg-Vulnerabilities-Closed-in-Ubuntu-14-04-446282-2.jpg) + +**Canonical宣布存在于Ubuntu 14.04 LTS，Ubuntu 13.10，Ubuntu 12.10，Ubuntu 12.04 LTS以及Ubuntu 10.04 LTS操作系统中的dpkg漏洞已经被修复。** + +Canonical公司刚刚放出dpkg包的一个更新，修复了这个用于所有Ubuntu版本的重要软件中的一个问题。 + +“这个问题是在dpkg在解压源码包的时候发现的，它会使dpkg不能正确地处理某些补丁。如果一位用户或一个自动化系统被欺骗而解压了特别修改过的源码包，远程攻击者就能修改目标解压路径之外的文件，导致拒绝服务攻击或潜在的获取系统权限的风险。”安全通知中这样写道。 + +想了解这个问题的更多细节描述，你可以查看Canonical的[安全通知][1]。Canonical建议用户尽快升级自己的系统。 + +如果你将各个发行版系统的libdpkg-perl包升级到最新版本即可修复这个漏洞。要安装这个更新，你只需运行更新管理器/软件更新器即可。 + +一般来说，一个普通的系统更新就可以完成所有必需的改动，用户不必重启PC或笔记本来应用这个补丁。这个更新同样可以在终端中实现，只需使用 apt-get dist-upgrade 命令。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Dpkg-Vulnerabilities-Closed-in-Ubuntu-14-04-446282.shtml + +译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/usn-2242-1/ From 243427cf55c3af14483ee435a9efdc279ff3c12a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: runningwater Date: Thu, 12 Jun 2014 22:15:22 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 535/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E4=B8=80?= =?UTF-8?q?=E9=83=A8=E5=88=86=EF=BC=8C=E4=BF=9D=E5=AD=98=E4=B8=8B?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- translated/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md | 142 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 142 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md diff --git a/translated/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md b/translated/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..555929b571 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md @@ -0,0 +1,142 @@ +给猫咪照片加密 +================================================================================ +事实上，我的硬盘上不存在那种不愿意被别人看到的东西，只存有一些猫咪的照片、一些记录着想写的书想法的文本文件或者是一些短篇故事的文本，也有一些写了一半的 NaNoWriMo 小说文件。简单的说，我的硬盘就没有加密的必要，因为没有什么可隐藏的。可问题是，我们错误的把“隐私的渴望”跟“要隐藏某东西”两概念混淆在一起。比如说我生活的美国，我们视隐私权利是理所当然的事，但不包括那些传统所认为的“某人隐藏色情或炸弹”。隐私考虑的是一些平常的事情。 + +我居住在密歇根州。这儿的冬天很冷，我趋向于把温度设置在 75 度左右。对您们来说这个温度可能高了，但在我的家里刚好合适。多亏我的家是属于私有的，我的邻居不可能知道我们保持了这么高的温度，否则一但他们看到冬天如此“浪费”能源的家庭，这些邻居心里会很不平衡的。事实上，本地条规中有一条明确指出任何超过 60 度的就算是生态浪费。我并不想与这种僵老的条例较真，所以我仅仅想保守我们舒适的房子的秘密。我们并不想隐藏任何事情，但也并不是任何事情都要让外人知道。 + +很明显，我举的例子有点弱智，但我希望的是这能引起大家的思考。现代的 Linux 系统很容易的就可以对我们的数据进行加密，并且很可靠，所以为什么不好好利用利用呢？ + +### 加密原理? ### + +我不会涉及太多关于加密原理的细节，但要明白最基本的原理，即使是最简单的实现，这是必须的。要加密和解密一个文件，需要两把“钥匙”。一把是私钥，正如名字所示，属于私有的。我宁愿把私钥看作是真实的钥匙-你想要多少就可造出多少，但这样做是不明智的。同样的私钥你造的越多，某些不怀好意的人得到其中一把的机率就越大，他们就会闯入你的公寓（额，我的意思的文件）。 + +公钥更像是锁的样子，只有你能打开（用你的私钥）此锁。这公钥任何人都可以得到，你可以将它张贴在网站上、把它放在你的 E-mail 中、甚至纹在你的背上。其它人想创建一个只有你能访问的文件，就可以使用此公钥来加密。 + +这种一对多的情况也有个很酷的副作用。如果你用你的私钥来加密一些东西，任何人都可以用你提供的公钥来解密它们。这听起来很傻，但这种情景很有用。虽然加密的文件不能免于被窥视，但是它能保证此文件确实来自于你而没有被恶意改动过。用你的公钥能解密的文件仅仅只能是用你私钥加密过的。用这种方式，用私钥加密的文件即是数字“签名”文件。 + +#### 通用加密步骤: #### + +1. 你有一个文件想要发送给苏茜 ，所以你得使用苏茜的公钥来加密，这样就只有 苏茜才能打开这个文件，但苏茜没有办法知道是谁给她发送的文件。因为任何一个人都可以用她的公钥来加密文件。 +2. 因此，你得把你的文件用苏茜的公钥和你的私钥都加密。苏茜将不得不解密两次，但她知道它是来自于你的文件。 +3. 苏茜接收到此文件后会用能证明来自于你的公钥来解密第一层。 +4. 然后用她的私钥来解密第二层的密码，这是唯一的能够将原始文件进行解密的钥匙了（因为你是用她的公钥来加密的）。 + +当然，这情景就是用来安全传输文件的加密手段。这也是加密你的文件（或者分区）相当常用及简单的方法。就让我们开始来对文件进行加密吧，因为大多数人都想加密他们的系统。 + +### 始于简 ### + +在深入更复杂的各种加密设置操作前，我们先做简单的对文件加密例子。能处理加密的应用程序有很多很多，事实上，对文件和系统进行加密的各种可用软件选择，很容易就会让我们变得焦头烂额。现在，我们就使用一款很基本的（但非常强大）命令行工具来对文件加密。 GPG （英文名：Gnu Privacy Guard）是一款对商业软件 PGP（英文名：Pretty Good Protection）的开源实现软件。它具有加密、签名及管理多个密钥等功能。用例子说明，让我们简单的加密一个文件吧。 + +我们假设你有一个名叫 secret_manifesto.txt 的文件，它包含有关于生命、宇宙及一切事物的秘密。使用 GPG，你只需要一个密码就可以加密此文件。使用密码远比使用公钥和私钥对简单，因为它只是用你的密码加密。虽然这很容易就让你的文件遭受到破解（使用彩虹表或其他黑客工具），但像锡上的标签上所说的：这是相当不错的保护。要加密你的文件，可以这样做： + + # gpg -c secret_manifesto.txt + # Enter passphrase: + # Repeat passphrase: + +一但完成，在相同的目录下就会多出个新的文件，它默认的名字是 secret_manifesto.txt.gpg 。这是一个二进制文件，这意味着它非常非常小，但是要拷贝/粘贴进电子邮件（e-mail）或 即时消息（IM） 就不可能了。要使其可拷贝等操作，可以添加 -a 标志，这将创建一个只包含 ASCII 码文本的加密文件： + + # gpg -a -c secret_manifesto.txt + # Enter passphrase: + # Repeat passphrase: + # ls -l + -rw-rw-r-- 1 spowers spowers 6 Nov 23 1:26 secret_manifesto.txt + -rw-rw-r-- 1 spowers spowers 174 Nov 23 1:27 secret_manifesto.txt.asc + -rw-rw-r-- 1 spowers spowers 55 Nov 23 1:26 secret_manifesto.txt.gpg + +注意到现在多了一个以 .asc 为扩展名的文件。它是个纯文本文件，从上面的代码段示例可以看到它比二进制的加密文件还大，当然比原文本文件就大的更多了。一但你把文件加密了，也确实想要对些信息保密，最明智的就是把原文本文件删除掉。 + +要解密文件，你需要再一次使用 GPG 程序。不管是二进制的还是 ASCII 文件，使用相同的命令就可以解密。如下示： + + # gpg secret_manifesto.txt.asc + # gpg: CAST5 encrypted data + # Enter passphrase: + # gpg: encrypted with 1 passphrase + # File `secret_manifesto.txt' exists. Overwrite? (y/N) + +注意到上面的例子中，我没有删除源文本文件，所以 GPG 给出了是否覆盖选项提示。一但操作完成，我的未加密的源文件又回来了。如果你仅仅只有一两个文件要保护，那基于命令行的 GPG 程序正是你所需的。但如果你想实现在系统上指定一个区域，任何保存到这区域的的文件都会自动加密的话，就有点复杂了。可这也并不是非常的困难，让我们用一个非常简单的示范例子来讲解吧。 + +### 加密 USB 驱动盘 ### + +Like I mentioned earlier, there are many options when it comes to encryption. One of the more popular methods of encrypting partitions is the LUKS (Linux Unified Key Setup) system. A USB drive with a LUKS-formatted partition should be detected automatically by most systems. In fact, if you're using a desktop environment like Ubuntu Desktop, encrypting a USB drive is a simple check box during the formatting process. Although that's a perfectly acceptable way to encrypt your USB drive, I'm going to demonstrate how to do it on the command line, so you understand what's actually happening behind the scenes. + +#### Step 1: identify your USB drive. #### + +If you type `dmesg` after plugging in your USB drive, you should get all sorts of system information, including the device name of your freshly plugged-in USB device. Make sure you have the correct device identified, because what you're doing will destroy any data on the drive. You wouldn't want to format the wrong disk accidentally. (It should go without saying, but I'll say it anyway, make sure there's nothing on your USB drive that you want to save—this is a destructive process.) + +#### Step 2: partition the USB drive. #### + +Assuming that your USB drive is the /dev/sdb device on your system, you need to create a single partition on the drive. Let's use fdisk. Below is the interaction with fdisk required. Basically, you create a new empty partition with the o command, then write changes with w. Then, you'll restart fdisk and use the n command to create a new primary partition, using the defaults so that the entire drive is used: + + # sudo fdisk /dev/sdb + + Command (m for help): o + Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x1234567. + Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. + After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. + + Command (m for help): w + The partition table has been altered! + + # sudo fdisk /dev/sdb + Command (m for help): n + Command action + e extended + p primary partition (1-4) + p + Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 + Using default value 1 + First sector (2048-1016522, default 2048): + Using default value 2048 + Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-1016522, default 1016522): + Using default value 1016522 + + Command (m for help): w + The partition table has been altered! + +Now you have a USB drive with a single partition (/dev/sdb1), but there is no filesystem on it. That's exactly what you want, because the LUKS system creates an encryption layer on the partition before you put a filesystem on it. So before creating a filesystem, let's create the LUKS layer on the partition, using the cryptsetup program. If you don't have cryptsetup, search for it in your distribution's repository; it should be there. To create the LUKS encrypted partition layer: + + # cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/sdb1 + + WARNING! + ======== + This will overwrite data on /dev/sdb1 irrevocably. + + Are you sure? (Type uppercase yes): YES + Enter LUKS passphrase: + Verify passphrase: + +Follow the directions, and be sure to remember your passphrase! Note, that a "passphrase" is usually more than just a word. It's most often a phrase, thus the name. The longer the phrase, the tougher to crack. + +Once the process completes, you have an encrypted partition, but it's not mounted or formatted yet. The first step is to mount the partition, which again uses the cryptsetup utility: + + # cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sdb1 my_crypto_disk + Enter passphrase for /dev/sdb1: + +When you type in your passphrase, the device name you entered will be mounted like a virtual hard drive. Usually, it's mounted under /dev/mapper/devicename, so this example mounts a partition at /dev/mapper/my_crypto_disk. + +This device is now being accessed as an unencrypted volume. As long as it stays mounted, it will act like any other unencrypted volume. That means you need to write a filesystem to it if you want to use it: + + # mkfs.vfat /dev/mapper/my_crypto_disk -n my_crypto_disk + mkfs.vfat 3.0.9 (31 Jan 2010) + +Now the drive is fully functional and can be mounted like any other disk. In fact, when you put the USB drive into your computer, if you have a modern GUI desktop, it should prompt you for a password and mount it automatically. Then you can eject it like a normal disk, and it will be encrypted until you next enter your passphrase. It's simple to unmount and, therefore, re-encrypt the drive on the command line too, using cryptsetup: + + # cryptsetup luksClose my_crypto_disk + +That's Only the Tip of the Iceberg + +In this article, my hope is to peel back some of the mystery behind encryption. It's simple to encrypt and decrypt a file. It's not too much more difficult (especially if you use the GUI desktop tools) to encrypt an entire USB drive. With most distributions, it's possible to encrypt the entire home directory during the installation process! When encryption is set up on your entire home directory, however, there are some issues you need to address. For example, jobs that run while you're not logged in most likely will not have access to your home directory. If you have cron jobs that need access to your home directory, you should rewrite them to access data elsewhere on the system. I find a happy medium between security and convenience is to encrypt a USB drive and store my personal data on it. + +Once you get the encryption bug, I must warn you, you'll want to start encrypting everything. That's not a bad thing, but like the home directory scenario, you'll run into a few snags. Cross-platform accessibility is a big one if you go between systems. For situations like that, I highly recommend [TrueCrypt][1]. I've mentioned TrueCrypt in UpFront pieces before, but it's basically an open-source, cross-platform encryption system that allows you to encrypt files, folders, partitions and more while being able to access that data on any system. Windows, Mac and Linux clients are all available, and the community has great support. + +You don't have to have something to hide in order to desire encryption for your files. Just like it's wise to lock your house at night, even if you live in a good neighborhood, it's a smart move to encrypt your personal data. If you want to share your photos of Mr Whiskerton in his cute little beanie hat with everyone on the Internet, that's your right. But others don't need to see those things if they're being nosey and poking around your hard drive! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/encrypting-your-cat-photos + +译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.truecrypt.org/ \ No newline at end of file From 106242e6de0d6bec47f82f9b071f1f582b7cac78 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: yujianxuechuan Date: Fri, 13 Jun 2014 08:53:49 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 536/601] translated --- ...nnection sharing with iptables on Linux.md | 80 +++++++++++++++---- 1 file changed, 65 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-) rename {sources/tech => translated}/20140610 How to set up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux.md (50%) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140610 How to set up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux.md b/translated/20140610 How to set up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux.md similarity index 50% rename from sources/tech/20140610 How to set up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux.md rename to translated/20140610 How to set up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux.md index b66e51bd3f..3027c6a535 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140610 How to set up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux.md +++ b/translated/20140610 How to set up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux.md @@ -1,46 +1,96 @@ Translating by yujianxuechuan,占坑 How to set up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux +怎样使用linux的iptables工具进行网络共享 ================================================================================ In this tutorial, I'll explain how to share a single Internet connection among multiple devices on Linux. While consumer-grade WiFi routers have become mainstream nowadays, making this problem a non-issue, suppose you don't have one at home. However, say you have a Linux box already assembled with a modem and a LAN card. The modem is connected to the Internet with a dynamic public IP address, and the LAN card connected to your switch/hub. Other devices (Linux/Windows PC, laptop) are connected to the switch without having any Internet connection. To share the Internet connection of the Linux box, you have to turn the box into a gateway, so that it can relay traffic to and from other devices. - +在本教程中，我将解释多个设备怎样在linux下共享一个网络连接。目前无线路由器已经成为主流的消费品，从而解决了本文这一问题，假设你家中并没有一台无线路由器。然而，你却有一台已经有"猫"和局lan网卡的的linux主机。"猫"是以动态公有IP地址的模式连接的互联网，主机的lan网卡连接到你的交换机或者集线器。其他设备（如linux或者windows的PC或者笔记本）以网桥的形式连接并无互联网连接。为了共享linux主机的互联网，你必须把主机摄制成网关，于是它才能实现从其他设备中传送和接受信息。 ### Glossary of Terms ### - +术语字汇 - **Private IP address** (non-routeable address) is an IP address used for a Local Area Network (not visible through Internet). - **Public IP address** (routeable address) is an IP address that is visible through Internet. - **IP masquerading** is a function that allows set of machines to reach the Internet via a MASQ gateway. Those machines behind the MASQ gateway is never visible to the Internet. Any outgoing and incoming traffic from and to the machines behind the MASQ gateway must pass through the MASQ gateway. - **Network Address Translation** (NAT) is a function that can make a private IP address reaches the Internet with the help of IP masquerading. - +-私有IP地址（不可到达地址）是一个被用于本地局域网的IP地址（在互联网中不可见）。 +-公用IP地址（可到达地址）是一个在互联网中可见的IP地址。 +IP伪装是一项允许一系列机器通过MASQ网关连接互联网的功能。这些MASQ网关之外的机器在互联网中是不可见的。MASQ之后的机器中任何流入或流出的数据必须经过MASQ网关。 +-网络地址转换（NAT）是一项通过IP伪装技术可以使私有IP地址访问互联网的功能。 ### Hardware Requirements ### - +硬件要求 - One Linux box with two interfaces (one public IP address and the other private IP address), which will be used as a gateway. - One or more Linux/Windows PC or laptop with private IP addresses. - Switch/HUB (optional). - +-一台有两个接口（一个公有IP地址和其他的私有IP地址）的linux主机，这个主机将被用作网关。 +-一台或者多台拥有私有IP地址的linux/windows系统的PC或者笔记本。 +-交换机/集线器（可选）。 ### Step-by-Step Guide ### - +教程步骤 The following procedure is required on the Linux box (the connection sharing gateway). - +接下来的过程需要在linux主机（用于共享的网关）上完成。 #### 1. Activate IP forwarding #### - +1、激活IP转发 In order to set up Internet connection sharing, you need to enable IP forwarding on the Linux box with a kernel parameter. Startup kernel parameters stored in /etc/sysctl.conf. - +为了设置网络共享，你需要在linux主机上更改一个内核参数来使能IP转发功能。内核启动参数设定在/etc/sysctl.conf文件中。 Open the file, and locate line with the following parameter "# net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0". Remove hash mark (i.e., uncomment it), and set the value to 1. It should look like the following: - +打开这个文件，定位到含有"# net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0"的这一行，移除#号（即取消注释），然后将其值设置为1，改好之后应该和下面的一致。 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 You may also activate IP forwaring at run time by the following command: - +你还要使激活IP转发功能生效，通过执行下面的命令： $ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 $ sudo sysctl -p #### 2. NAT configuration #### - +2、NAT配置 Another important part of Internet connection sharing is NAT configuration which can be done using iptables command. iptables maintains four firewall tables: - +另一个网络共享的重要部分是NAT配置，这可以通过使用iptables的命令，iptables包含四个防火墙的表格： - FILTER (the default table) - NAT - MANGLE - RAW +- FILTER (默认表格) +- NAT +- MANGLE +- RAW + +In this tutorial we will use only two tables: FILTER and NAT tables. +这个教程中我们将仅使用两个表格：FILTER和NAT表格。 +First, flush all active firewall rules. +首先，刷新所有活跃的防火墙的规则。 + $ sudo iptables -X + $ sudo iptables -F + $ sudo iptables -t nat -X + $ sudo iptables -t nat -F + +On the INPUT table, you have to set chain FORWARD to ACCEPT target, so all packets passed through the box will be processed correctly. +在输入表格中，你需要设置转发链成可接受的目的地，因此艘游通过主机的数据包将会被正确的处理。 + $ sudo iptables -I INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT + $ sudo iptables -I FORWARD -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT + +On the NAT table, you have to enable IP masquerading for your WAN interface. We assume that the WAN interface is ppp0. To enable IP masquerading on ppp0 interface, you can use the following command: +在NAT表中，你必须为你的WAN口使能IP伪装，我们假设WAN口协议是ppp0。为了在ppp0接口上使能IP伪造技术，我们使用以下的命令： + $ sudo iptables -t nat -I POSTROUTING -o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE + +#### 3. Configuring a private IP address #### +3、配置私有IP地址 +After all configuration is completed on the Linux box, you have to configure the DNS server and default gateway of other devices (Linux/Windows PC, laptop), so that they point to the Linux box. Note that you don't need to set up a DNS server on the Linux box. Every DNS request from other devices are automatically forwarded by the Linux box to your upstream ISP. +在linux主机上的所有配置完成后，你需要配置其他设备（linux/windows的PC或笔记本）的DNS服务器以及默认网关，因此他们的数据流可以指向linux主机。注意你不需要在linux主机上设置一个DNS服务器，从其他设备发出的每一个DNS请求都会通过上游的ISP自动转发到linux主机上。 +If you are using Linux on the other devices, you can use the following command to change their default gateway and DNS servers. I assume that you are using 192.168.1.0/24 private IP address segment, and that 192.168.1.1 is the IP address assigned to the Linux box. +如果你的其他设备上用的系统是linux，你可以通过以下命令来更改他们的默认网关和DNS服务器。假设你的网段是192.168.1.0/24的私有IP地址网段，linux主机上绑定的IP地址是192.168.1.1。 + $ sudo ip route del default + $ sudo ip route add default via 192.168.1.1 + $ sudo sh -c "echo 'nameserver 192.168.1.1' > /etc/resolv.conf" + +If you have other Linux devices, you can repeat the command above on other devices. +如果还有其他的linux设备，那么你可以重复以上命令。 +If you have a Windows device, you can change the default gateway and the DNS server via network connection properties on the control panel. +如果你有windows设备，你可以通过控制面板的网络连接属性来更改默认网关和DNS服务器。 +#### 4. The complete script #### +4、完整的脚本 +Here is the complete script which sets up Internet connection sharing on the Linux box. The WAN interface (ppp0) needs to be replaced according to your environment. +这是一个在linux主机上设置网络连接共享的一个完整的脚本。WAN口（ppp0协议）需要根据你具体的网络接口协议来替换。 + $ sudo vi /usr/local/bin/ishare + +---------- In this tutorial we will use only two tables: FILTER and NAT tables. @@ -97,11 +147,11 @@ Here is the complete script which sets up Internet connection sharing on the Lin iptables -t nat -I POSTROUTING -o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE Save the above script to /usr/local/bin/ishare, and then change the executable bit by the following command. - +保存以上的脚本到/usr/local/bin/ishare，然后添加可执行权限通过执行下面的命令。 $ sudo chmox +x /usr/local/bin/ishare If you want the script executed every startup, you can register the script to /etc/rc.local. Open /etc/rc.local, before statement "exit 0", add the following line: - +如果你需要这个脚本开机启动，你需要在/etc/rc.local文件中注册这个脚本，在文件中的"exit 0"之前添加下面一行。 /usr/local/bin/ishare -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- From d8c7cf70e8d9d2ee146edf2ebf2d5b78e156695b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: hunanchenxingyu Date: Sat, 14 Jun 2014 09:33:58 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 537/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E4=B8=AD=20by=20huna?= =?UTF-8?q?nchenxingyu?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...20140609 Linus Torvalds Releases Linux Kernel 3.15 Stable.md | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/sources/news/20140609 Linus Torvalds Releases Linux Kernel 3.15 Stable.md b/sources/news/20140609 Linus Torvalds Releases Linux Kernel 3.15 Stable.md index eb9b250090..cadca12da2 100644 --- a/sources/news/20140609 Linus Torvalds Releases Linux Kernel 3.15 Stable.md +++ b/sources/news/20140609 Linus Torvalds Releases Linux Kernel 3.15 Stable.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +hunanchenxingyu translating .... +================================================================================ Linus Torvalds Releases Linux Kernel 3.15 Stable ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Linus-Torvalds-Releases-Linux-Kernel-3-15-Stable-445785-2.jpg) From d6107caf7907889efa5a07ddcc434aeb8c08d0cc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Sat, 14 Jun 2014 09:34:34 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 538/601] Update 20140611 How to Prevent Other Users From Accessing Your Home Directory in Ubuntu 14.04.md --- ...Users From Accessing Your Home Directory in Ubuntu 14.04.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140611 How to Prevent Other Users From Accessing Your Home Directory in Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/tech/20140611 How to Prevent Other Users From Accessing Your Home Directory in Ubuntu 14.04.md index ac99b4d384..b52babcf8d 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140611 How to Prevent Other Users From Accessing Your Home Directory in Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140611 How to Prevent Other Users From Accessing Your Home Directory in Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +Translating by GOLinux How to Prevent Other Users From Accessing Your Home Directory in Ubuntu 14.04 ================================================================================ ![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/00_lead_image_home_directory.png) @@ -84,4 +85,4 @@ via: http://www.howtogeek.com/190084/how-to-prevent-other-users-from-accessing-y [1]:http://www.howtogeek.com/67987/htg-explains-how-do-linux-file-permissions-work/ [2]:http://www.linux.org/threads/file-permissions-chmod.4094/ -[3]:http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/36845/the-beginners-guide-to-managing-users-and-groups-in-linux/ \ No newline at end of file +[3]:http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/36845/the-beginners-guide-to-managing-users-and-groups-in-linux/ From 110ef6f6ced717c7b47149acc101f769d2585da2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: MikeCoder Date: Sat, 14 Jun 2014 14:55:53 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 539/601] translating --- ... applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/sources/tech/How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md b/sources/tech/How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md index 21bea6eb61..86b3dafa14 100644 --- a/sources/tech/How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md +++ b/sources/tech/How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +Mike Translating... + How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop ================================================================================ The biggest complaint you can hear those days about Ubuntu is the new Unity interface. I remember leaving for Archlinux precisely when Unity started to rise, and when it was made clear that it was here to stay. However, Unity indirectly has led to good consequences: it allowed other distributions and other desktop environments to become more prominent as people were unhappy with it. If your system can support it, no one is against a bit of eye candy. From 597a57cfa38822b8db859866708df9aafd1da680 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: MikeCoder Date: Sat, 14 Jun 2014 15:29:53 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 540/601] finish translating --- ...erently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md | 72 ------------------- ...erently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md | 71 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 71 insertions(+), 72 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md diff --git a/sources/tech/How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md b/sources/tech/How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md deleted file mode 100644 index 86b3dafa14..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,72 +0,0 @@ -Mike Translating... - -How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop -================================================================================ -The biggest complaint you can hear those days about Ubuntu is the new Unity interface. I remember leaving for Archlinux precisely when Unity started to rise, and when it was made clear that it was here to stay. However, Unity indirectly has led to good consequences: it allowed other distributions and other desktop environments to become more prominent as people were unhappy with it. If your system can support it, no one is against a bit of eye candy. - -So today I shall propose you a different type of application launcher which is definitely original: Gnome-Pie. Some of you may recognize the inspiration from the World of Warcraft addon "OPie." The concept is similar: a keyboard shortcut opens a circular "pie" from which you can select an application or a command to launch. The main idea behind that design is that a user does not have to remember the name of a command, but its direction. The fact that it is circular makes every application at the same distance from the pointer. Plus we get the combo that so many gamers adopted: left hand on the keyboard and right hand on the mouse. The two combined intend to minimize the amount of time needed and maximize the ergonomy. - -### Gnome-Pie Installation ### - -On Ubuntu, Gnome-Pie is available from the universe repository, but for some reason this version crashes at startup. Instead, I advise you to get it from the official PPA repository: - - $ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:simonschneegans/testing - $ sudo apt-get update - $ sudo apt-get install gnome-pie - -On Fedora, use this command to install it: - - $ sudo yum install gnome-pie - -For Archlinux, the package is on [AUR][1]. - -### Basic Usage of Gnome-Pie ### - -By default, Gnome-Pie comes with a very decent initial configuration. The first pie, summoned with Ctrl+Alt+a, displays your system's basic applications. - -![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2917/14040269128_6dc6544c14_z.jpg) - -The second pie, associated with Ctrl+Alt+b, brings your file manager's bookmarks. - -![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2903/14040269088_8de29edd18.jpg) - -The third pie is maybe the most useful as it displays your application menu, callable by Ctrl+Alt+Space. - -![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2903/14040345657_071f40b22f_z.jpg) - -The fourth pie is exclusively to control the music player. As you can guess, the shortcut is Ctrl+Alt+m. - -![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2925/14226915065_8b0e3841c6_o.png) - -The fifth pie is a quick access to the reboot, shutdown, and log out commands (with Ctrl+Alt+q, q for quit I suppose). - -![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2931/14040303600_5b3a517335_o.png) - -Finally, the sixth pie controls the windows, allowing you to minimize, scale, close, etc. And of course, the shortcut is Ctrl+Alt+w. - -![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2904/14226699514_42d364a4d4_o.png) - -I find this default setup already pretty satisfactory, almost as good as an out-of-the-box launcher. However, if I wanted to be picky, I would say that some shortcuts are hard to perform with just one hand, and it is kind of frustrating to use two hands to call a pie, and then go back to the mouse to select the option. But again I am being picky. - -However, we are on Linux! Who cares about the default? The whole point is to configure like crazy, and make the system our own. With Gnome-Pie, you are well served. The configuration screen lets you edit the current pies, change the shortcuts, select the icons, make your own pie, change the theme, and even make pie menu that summons another pie. - -[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5508/14247093043_1fe1188709_z.jpg)][2] - -You can even edit the pie to launch an URL, simulate a hotkey activation, or just your own command. The only thing that is potentially missing is the possibility to have widgets. - -![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2927/14040264609_b7aa66f078_z.jpg) - -In conclusion, Gnome-Pie is a quite attractive visual application launcher which differs from traditional text-based launchers. I really like the combo left hand on the keyboard and right hand on the mouse, which does indeed remind me of Warcraft or even Leagues of Legend. If players adopted this kind of system, it is because it is convenient and efficient. I would even advise it if you are trying to save some space on the screen, and don't want a launcher constantly on the screen. As a last word, I would even dare to say that it provides an interesting alternative to the awesome Gnome-Do. - -What do you think? Do you believe in eye candy at all? Or is Gnome-Pie out of the question since the new Gnome shell entered the competition? Please let us know in the comments. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/launch-applications-differently-gnome-pie-linux-desktop.html - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/gnome-pie/ -[2]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14247093043/ diff --git a/translated/tech/How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md b/translated/tech/How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ab6183fd0f --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +如何使用GNOME-Pie桌面环境启动应用程序 +================================================================================ + +最近，你能听到很多关于Ubuntu新的Unity界面的抱怨。我记得，当Unity开始兴起的时候，我正好离开Archlinux。然而，Unity间接地导致了一个后果：随着人们对它不满意，人们开始关注其他的桌面环境和Linux发行版。如果你的系统支持Unity，没有人会反对安装他。 + +所以今天我向你推荐一个绝对原创的程序启动器： Gnome-Pie。你们可能会认为他的灵感来自魔兽世界插件"OPie"。因为他们有着相似的概念： 键盘快捷方式可以打开圆形"菜单"，您可以从中选择一个应用程序或命令来启动。这种设计背后的主要思想是用户不必记住命令，但需要记住他的方向和操作。它是圆形的事实从指针使每个应用程序在相同的距离。再加上我们得到如此多自定义组合： 可以通过快捷键，极大的提高效率并且最大限度地实现了人机工程学。 + +### 安装Gnome-Pie ### + +在Ubuntu上，Gnome-Pie 可以从universe仓库中获得, 但是，某些原因，这个版本不是很稳定，常常会崩溃。作为一个备选方案，我建议你从官方的源进行下载。 + + $ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:simonschneegans/testing + $ sudo apt-get update + $ sudo apt-get install gnome-pie + +在Fedora, 你可以使用以下命令： + + $ sudo yum install gnome-pie + +对于Archlinux, 你可以在[AUR][1]找到他. + +### Gnome-Pie的基本用法 ### + +默认的，Gnome-Pie有一个比较可靠的初始配置。首先，你可以使用Ctrl + Alt + a呼唤出他的控制界面，他将显示你的系统的基本应用程序。 + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2917/14040269128_6dc6544c14_z.jpg) + +接下来, 按下Ctrl+Alt+b, 他将显示你得文件管理器的书签。 + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2903/14040269088_8de29edd18.jpg) + +第三个，也许是最有用的，它会显示你的应用程序菜单，按下 Ctrl + Alt + 空格可调用。 + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2903/14040345657_071f40b22f_z.jpg) + +第四，你可以完全控制音乐播放器。快捷键是 Ctrl + Alt + m。 + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2925/14226915065_8b0e3841c6_o.png) + +第五，你可以是快速访问到重新启动、 关机和注销命令 (Ctrl + Alt + q，q 为退出，我猜得）。 + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2931/14040303600_5b3a517335_o.png) + +最后，你可以用Pie来控制窗口，可以最小化、 规模、 关闭， 等等. 并且，快捷键是Ctrl+Alt+w. + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2904/14226699514_42d364a4d4_o.png) + +虽然我发现这种默认设置已经是相当令人满意，几乎和预置的启动器一样好。然而，如果让我鸡蛋里找骨头，我会说一些快捷方式很难用一只手执行。大多数情况是，我们用两只手打开菜单，然后再回到鼠标以选择该选项。太不爽了。 + +然而，我们是在 Linuxer！谁会在乎默认设置？自定义才是王道。Gnome-Pie将为你提供优良的服务。通过配置，你可以编辑现有的Pie,改变程序图标，设计自己的Pie，改变主题，甚至将另外一个Pie菜单作为一个子菜单。 + +[![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5508/14247093043_1fe1188709_z.jpg)][2] + +你甚至可以编辑他来启动 URL、 你可以自由的设置热键开启这一功能，惟一的缺憾可能是他缺少Widgets。 + +![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2927/14040264609_b7aa66f078_z.jpg) + +总之，相较于传统的基于文本的启动器，Gnome-Pie是一个相当有吸引力的可视化应用程序。我很喜欢他的自定义键盘和鼠标组合键，让我想起了我在War3或者LOL中的神级操作。如果玩家通过这种方法，它可以为你带来方便和高效。我甚至建议你可以将它放在桌面上，来节省你的空间。我甚至敢说它可以替代Gnome。 + +你觉得怎么样？你在所有相信世界上有这么好的东西吗？或者说，随着新的Gnome shell出现，Gnome-Pie开始失去竞争？欢迎评论。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/launch-applications-differently-gnome-pie-linux-desktop.html + +译者：[MikeCoder](https://github.com/MikeCoder) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/gnome-pie/ +[2]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14247093043/ From 413747da51cf1bffd820f1b07cdd036e584618b5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Linchenguang <1573453077@qq.com> Date: Sat, 14 Jun 2014 17:01:30 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 541/601] =?UTF-8?q?[=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90]L?= =?UTF-8?q?inux--Bash=20Delete=20All=20Files=20In=20Directory=20Except=20F?= =?UTF-8?q?ew?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...elete All Files In Directory Except Few.md | 112 ------------------ ...elete All Files In Directory Except Few.md | 111 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 111 insertions(+), 112 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20140607 Linux--Bash Delete All Files In Directory Except Few.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20140607 Linux--Bash Delete All Files In Directory Except Few.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20140607 Linux--Bash Delete All Files In Directory Except Few.md b/sources/tech/20140607 Linux--Bash Delete All Files In Directory Except Few.md deleted file mode 100644 index 54a66f6d9f..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20140607 Linux--Bash Delete All Files In Directory Except Few.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,112 +0,0 @@ ->> chenguang is translating - -Linux: Bash Delete All Files In Directory Except Few -================================================================================ -![](http://s0.cyberciti.org/images/category/old/terminal.png) - -I'm a new Linux system user. I need to cleanup in a download directory i.e. delete all files from ~/Downloads/ folders except the following types: - -*.iso - All iso images files. -*.zip - All zip files. - -How do I delete all file except some in bash shell on a Linux, OS X or Unix-like systems? - -Bash shell supports rich file pattern matching such as follows: - -- * - Match any files. -- ? - Matches any single character in filenames. -- [...] - Matches any one of the enclosed characters. - -### Method #1: Say hello to extended pattern matching operators ### - -You need to use the extglob shell option using the shopt builtin command to use extended pattern matching operators such as: - -1. ?(pattern-list) - Matches zero or one occurrence of the given patterns. -1. *(pattern-list) - Matches zero or more occurrences of the given patterns. -1. +(pattern-list) - Matches one or more occurrences of the given patterns. -1. @(pattern-list) - Matches one of the given patterns. -1. !(pattern-list) - Matches anything except one of the given patterns. - -A pattern-list is nothing but a list of one or more patterns (filename) separated by a |. First, turn on extglob option: - - shopt -s extglob - -#### Bash remove all files except *.zip and *.iso files #### - -The rm command syntax is: - - ## Delete all file except file1 ## - rm !(file1) - - ## Delete all file except file1 and file2 ## - rm !(file1|file2) - - ## Delete all file except all zip files ## - rm !(*.zip) - - ## Delete all file except all zip and iso files ## - rm !(*.zip|*.iso) - - ## You set full path too ## - rm /Users/vivek/!(*.zip|*.iso|*.mp3) - - ## Pass options ## - rm [options] !(*.zip|*.iso) - rm -v !(*.zip|*.iso) - rm -f !(*.zip|*.iso) - rm -v -i !(*.php) - -Finally, turn off extglob option: - - shopt -u extglob - -### Method #2: Using bash GLOBIGNORE variable to remove all files except specific ones ### - -From the [bash(1)][1] page: - -> A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames to be ignored by pathname expansion. If a filename matched by a pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in GLOBIGNORE, it is removed from the list of matches. - -To delete all files except zip and iso files, set GLOBIGNORE as follows: - - ## only works with BASH ## - cd ~/Downloads/ - GLOBIGNORE=*.zip:*.iso - rm -v * - unset GLOBIGNORE - -### Method #3: Find command to rm all files except zip and iso files ### - -If you are using tcsh/csh/sh/ksh or any other shell, try the following find command syntax on a Unix-like system to delete files: - - find /dir/ -type f -not -name 'PATTERN' -delete - -OR - - ## deals with weird file names using xargs ## - find /dir/ -type f -not -name 'PATTERN' -print0 | xargs -0 -I {} rm {} - find /dir/ -type f -not -name 'PATTERN' -print0 | xargs -0 -I {} rm [options] {} - -To delete all files except php files in ~/sources/ directory, type: - - find ~/sources/ -type f -not -name '*.php' -delete - -OR - - find ~/sources/ -type f -not -name '*.php' -print0 | xargs -0 -I {} rm -v {} - -The syntax to delete all files except *.zip and *.iso is as follows: - - find . -type f -not \( -name '*zip' -or -name '*iso' \) -delete - -For more information see [bash command man page][1] and [find command man page][2]. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-bash-delete-all-files-in-directory-except-few/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.manpager.com/linux/man1/bash.1.html -[2]:http://www.manpager.com/linux/man1/find.1.html diff --git a/translated/tech/20140607 Linux--Bash Delete All Files In Directory Except Few.md b/translated/tech/20140607 Linux--Bash Delete All Files In Directory Except Few.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..da9ce214c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20140607 Linux--Bash Delete All Files In Directory Except Few.md @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +Linux：使用bash删除目录中的特定文件 +================================================================================ +![](http://s0.cyberciti.org/images/category/old/terminal.png) + +我是一个Linux新手用户。现在我需要清理一个下载目录中的文件，其实我就是想删除～/Download/文件夹下面除了以下格式的文件外所以其它文件： +*.iso - 所有的iso格式的文件。 +*.zip - 所有zip格式的文件。 + +我如何在一个基于Linux，OS X 或者Unix-like系统上的bash shell中删除特定的文件呢？ + +Bash shell 支持丰富的文件模式匹配符例如： + +- * － 匹配所有的文件。 +- ？ － 匹配文件名中的单个字母。 +- [...] － 匹配封闭括号中的任何一个字母。 + +### 策略 #1: 见识一下扩展的模式匹配符 ### + +这里你需要用系统内置的shopt命令来开启shell中的extglob选项，然后你就可以使用扩展的模式符了，这些模式匹配符如下： + +1. ?(pattern-list) － 匹配零次或一次给定的模式。 +1. *(pattern-list) －至少匹配零次给定的模式。 +1. +(pattern-list) － 至少匹配一次给定的模式。 +1. @(pattern-list) － 匹配一次给定的模式。 +1. !(pattern-list) － 匹配所有除给定模式以外的模式。 + +一个模式列表就是一个或多个用 | 分开的模式（文件名）。首先打开extgolb选项： + + shopt -s extglob + +#### 在Bash中删掉除*.zip和*.iso文件以外的所有文件 #### + +rm 命令的语法格式为： + + ## 仅保留 file1 文件 ## + rm !(file1) + + ## 仅保留 file1 和 file2 文件## + rm !(file1|file2) + + ## 仅保留 zip 文件 ## + rm !(*.zip) + + ## 仅保留 zip 和 iso 文件 ## + rm !(*.zip|*.iso) + + ## 你也可以使用完整的目录 ## + rm /Users/vivek/!(*.zip|*.iso|*.mp3) + + ## 传递参数 ## + rm [options] !(*.zip|*.iso) + rm -v !(*.zip|*.iso) + rm -f !(*.zip|*.iso) + rm -v -i !(*.php) + +最后，关闭 extglob 选项： + + shopt -u extglob + +### 策略 #2: 使用bash的 GLOBIGNORE 变量删除指定文件以外的所有文件 ### + +摘自 [bash(1)][1] 手册页: +> 一个用冒号分开的模式列表定义了被路径扩展忽略的文件的集合。如果一个文件同时与路径扩展模式和GLOBIGNORE中的模式匹配，那么它就从匹配列表中移除了。 + +要删除所有文件只保留 zip 和 iso 文件，应如下设置 GLOBIGNORE： + + ## 只在 BASH 中可行 ## + cd ~/Downloads/ + GLOBIGNORE=*.zip:*.iso + rm -v * + unset GLOBIGNORE + +### 策略 #3: 用 find 命令删除所有其它文件仅保留 zip 和 iso 文件 ### + + +如果你正在使用 tcsh/csh/sh/ksh 或者其它shell，你可以在Unix－like系统上试着用下面find命令的语法格式来删除文件： + + find /dir/ -type f -not -name 'PATTERN' -delete + +或者 + + ## 对于怪异的文件名可以使用 xargs ## + find /dir/ -type f -not -name 'PATTERN' -print0 | xargs -0 -I {} rm {} + find /dir/ -type f -not -name 'PATTERN' -print0 | xargs -0 -I {} rm [options] {} + + +为了删除 ～/source 目录下除 php 以外的文件，键入： + + find ~/sources/ -type f -not -name '*.php' -delete + +或者 + + find ~/sources/ -type f -not -name '*.php' -print0 | xargs -0 -I {} rm -v {} + +只保留 *.zip 和 *.iso 文件的语法如下： + + find . -type f -not \( -name '*zip' -or -name '*iso' \) -delete + + +更多信息参见[bash command man page][1]和[find command man page][2]。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-bash-delete-all-files-in-directory-except-few/ + +译者：[Linchenguang](https://github.com/Linchenguang) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.manpager.com/linux/man1/bash.1.html +[2]:http://www.manpager.com/linux/man1/find.1.html From d1abcb020ffa0daa05d538b842a4d95fd25049a5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Frank Zhang Date: Sat, 14 Jun 2014 18:48:16 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 542/601] [translated] Raspberry Pi s Eben Upton--How We're Turning Everyone Into DIY Hackers --- ...We're Turning Everyone Into DIY Hackers.md | 190 ------------------ ...We're Turning Everyone Into DIY Hackers.md | 190 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 190 insertions(+), 190 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/talk/Raspberry Pi s Eben Upton--How We're Turning Everyone Into DIY Hackers.md create mode 100644 translated/talk/Raspberry Pi s Eben Upton--How We're Turning Everyone Into DIY Hackers.md diff --git a/sources/talk/Raspberry Pi s Eben Upton--How We're Turning Everyone Into DIY Hackers.md b/sources/talk/Raspberry Pi s Eben Upton--How We're Turning Everyone Into DIY Hackers.md deleted file mode 100644 index bdd449e3f6..0000000000 --- a/sources/talk/Raspberry Pi s Eben Upton--How We're Turning Everyone Into DIY Hackers.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,190 +0,0 @@ -zpl1025, so loooooooooooooooog........... -Raspberry Pi's Eben Upton: How We're Turning Everyone Into DIY Hackers -================================================================================ -> Inside the mind that prototyped a $35 computer for tinkerers. - -I’ll never forget my first time seeing a Raspberry Pi. The tiny, credit-card sized computer is powerful enough to operate as a home PC, a media center, a gaming console, or anything you can dream up. At only $35, it’s a bargain for tinkerers of all ages who want to try out hardware and software experiments without worrying about bricking their pricier family computers. - -[Eben Upton][1], cofounder of the Raspberry Pi Foundation, is generally credited as the magician behind this incredible machine. While working on his doctorate in philosophy at the University of Cambridge's computer laboratory, Upton painstakingly put together Raspberry Pi prototypes by hand. - -Today, Upton is CEO of the Raspberry Pi Foundation’s trading company, where he oversees production and sales of the Raspberry Pi. The foundation has now sold more than 2.5 million units. - -### Pi In The Sky ### - -ReadWrite: What got you really interested in technology in the first place? How did that lead you eventually to the Raspberry Pi project? - -**Eben Upton**: So I actually got started when I was a kid. I have a father who has a certain amount of interest in engineering. He’s not an engineer, he’s an English academic. There were always piles of electrical stuff around the house that I used to play with before I understood what it did. Little things like making a light to have by your bed so you could read after “lights out” and stuff. - -![](http://readwrite.com/files/raspberry%20pi%20black-and-white%20flickr%20johan%20larsson.jpg) - -And then I got a computer. In the UK we have these machines called [BBC Microcomputers][2], which were 8-bit micros that were build for education. We had them at school, I got into programming at school, and I enjoyed it. - -These things weren’t necessarily in school for programming, or at least they didn’t tend to get used for programming. They would get used to run educational software. But I used to program on them. And then I bought one to program at home. I mean, the day I got my BBC micro, I went in my room, turned it on, and never came out again. [Laughs] - -Programming is amazing for a kid. When you’re a kid you don’t have a lot of power. You don’t have a lot of agency, a lot of control over the world around you. The great thing about programming is it’s a little world where you do whatever you want. And I certainly found that very compelling. - -I’d always been interested in science, math, kind of hard science subjects. Did a lot of computing, did a lot of programming on my BBC. I had a Commodore Amiga after that. - -At university I did a mixture of physics, engineering, and computer science. And then that really kind of led me to the Pi. Because after I’d been at university for a decade [while getting a doctorate], I realized that the kids who were arriving hadn’t had the chance to have that set of experiences as a child. You could still get Legos but … that ladder. - -We’d kind of pulled the ladder up after us. We built these very sophisticated and user-friendly computers for children to use now. Or not even computers—game consoles and phones and tablets, kind of appliances. But people were being denied that opportunity to tinker. So really Raspberry Pi is an attempt to get back—without kind of being too retro—some of what we kind of feel was lost from the evolution of computers over the last 25 years. - -**RW:** What were some of the biggest hurdles you had to overcome? - -**EU:** Well, we didn’t have any investors, so that was one nice thing. We’ve been trying to do this since 2006 so you can see it took us a long time to get from the idea of a Raspberry Pi to something you could sell. Finding something that had the right tradeoff between price and performance, or price and programmability was a big deal. - -Getting the money together. We’re a not-for-profit, so we had to go find some money, and there ended up being a few of us on the board of trustees just loaning money out of our own pockets. So we had about a quarter of a million dollars of startup funding which was entirely loans from me and a couple of other people. So having the guts to do that, I guess. - -![](http://readwrite.com/files/raspberry%20pi%20flickr%20clive%20darra.jpg) - -### From East To West ### - -Finding a way to get it manufactured at the right price. We ended up taking an unusual route. Generally when people make more conventional products, what they do is make them locally, when they’re low volume. And they [manufacturers] charge a high price. Most people have thicker margins than Raspberry Pi. - -So what people do is manufacture in the west. Later on, in search of a squeeze, they got the volume and are looking to improve their production costs, so they go to the far east. - -The issue for us was that, because we didn’t have enough margin to support that kind of order, we built our very first units in China. Which was of course, at first a slightly daunting prospect. I knew nothing about manufacturing in China, and we ended up sending $50,000 of chips and $50,000 to some guy in Hong Kong. And he sent us back 2,000 working Raspberry Pis. - -It got to the point where there was a little bit of a delay and we were convinced that we’d gotten shafted. And then one day, the first 2,000 of now 2.5 million Raspberry Pis turned up on the doorstep on a pallet. - -This UPS guy comes out of his truck with a pallet and a pallet jack and jacks this pallet into the garage. It’s got 2,000 Raspberry Pis on it and each one of those is massively more powerful than any computer I had when I was a kid. And we were just picking them out at random out of the pallet just to sample them and they all worked perfectly. - -So getting lucky, I guess, with China, and then finally having got the volume, we went in the other direction from everyone else. I guess the other defining moment in the project was when we realized that, having got the volume, we could now build in the west for the same price we would have been able to build in China. So we were able to repatriate, to reshore all the manufacturing back to Wales, which is where I was born. Kind of a nice sort of circle. - -**RW:** Were there any precursors to the Pi that didn’t work out? - -**EU:** Yeah, we built a number of different prototype devices. We were trying to build something that was programmable but interesting to kids. “Interesting to kids” means kind of … powerful in some respects. Able to play video and games and go on the Web. - -We had a number of prototypes that met the price goal and the programmability goal, but it was only very late, post 2010 and 2011, that we were able to identify a path that allowed us to build something that was also powerful enough that kids were going to engage with it. - -### Whence The Pi Was Baked ### - -**RW:** Tell me about inventing the Raspberry Pi. - -**EU:** We tried building some units based on what you’d call microcontroller technology. I don’t know if you’ve come across an [open source electronics prototyping] platform called Arduino? Sort of a similar level of performance to the Arduino. The nice thing about those chips is they’re very available, they’re commodity parts, they’re very cheap and easy to get ahold of. - -![](http://readwrite.com/files/raspberry%20pi%20pibow%20flickr%20peet%20sneekes.jpg) - -So we tried that. And we ended up with something which was technically a computer—you plug it into your television and stuff. But it was kind of primitive and it was clear that kids weren’t going to engage with it. So that was prototype one, and that prototype is coming to a museum in Ireland in an exhibition called “Fail.” [Laughs] I’m going to go see it next month. It’s in a glass cabinet as an example of a glorious failure. - -The nice thing about that was that was hand built. You can’t really build a modern Raspberry Pi by hand. But this one was primitive enough that you could actually solder it together and I soldered it together in a week. And it was a nice little toy. - -After I’d been at university for a decade of so, I went to work for a company called Broadcom, which is based in southern California but has a big office in Cambridge. They make cellphone chips. And we realized that cell phone chips are quite a good fit. They’re quite a good platform for building a Pi-like device, since they have a lot of graphics performance. - -I built a prototype based on that, based on a Broadcom dev kit. And that was much more powerful, much more capable, again at the same price point. But the challenge we had with that was that it was really a custom environment. It wasn’t a standards based platform. - -We were writing our own SD card drivers, our own file system, our own text editor. You find yourself doing a lot of basic work and although you end up with a platform which is powerful and programmable, it's completely nonstandard [and] completely unlike any other machine. You don’t get to leverage any of the work that’s already been done by people on desktop platforms. That was prototype two. - -The real breakthrough for us was with prototype three. We got hold of another chip from Broadcom which had an ARM processor which was able to run standard Linux. That was really the point where we realized we had something that met all our goals. And that was the product we went to market with. - -### Hacking The Next Generation Of Hackers ### - -**RW:** Kids as young as eight have built projects using the Raspberry Pi. Did you intend that, or did it take you by surprise? - -**EU:** Eight is a good age. I think everyone defines the right age as being the age when they started programming. I was eight when I started programming. To some extent, all a child needs is to be old enough to have the relevant suite of cognitive skills, kind of problem solving type skills. A little bit of math maybe, at school. - -![](http://readwrite.com/files/raspberry%20pi%20lego%20flickr%20luca%20sbardella.jpg) - -To be old enough to be able to plan activities—programming is the ultimate planned activity. You need to have the mental equipment to do that. By the age of eight, a lot of children are quite mature in their way of thinking. You also need mechanical dexterity; another challenge that younger children have is the lack of mechanical dexterity required to use a keyboard. - -So eight’s a great age. You’ve got the physical equipment, the mental equipment, and you’re still at that point in your life where you’re able to learn new things very easily. Your brain’s very plastic, you’re able to learn languages.... - -I mean, if you want a child to learn French, start teaching them at eight, don’t start teaching them at 16. One of the weaknesses we have historically in our formal teaching of computing is we start people incredibly late, and then are surprised when people have difficulty picking up the concepts. So I think the younger you can get them the better and eight is a fantastic age. Eight, 10, 12—12 is maybe a little bit late. - -Our foundation CEO, [Lance][3] [Howarth], is particularly passionate about primary education. He really perceives a real opportunity there to do something quite special. - -**RW:** So that was an intention of the Raspberry Pi, to get really young kids programming? - -**EU:** I think we’ve always thought that young kids could do programming just by example. But the intention of the Raspberry Pi was to make this thing available and just see who buys it. We always believed that at least a subset of young children would find it exciting. Now we have the breadth and scale to get it to young kids with support. - -There’s a big difference between [just] making a platform like Raspberry Pi available and offering support for it. I think if you just make it available, you’ll find one percent of eight-year-olds will be the one percent who love that sort of thing and will get into it, regardless of how much or how little support you give them. - -I think the real opportunity for the foundation right now is that, since we can afford to pay for the development of educational material, we can afford to advocate for good training for teachers throughout this. There’s an opportunity to get more than one percent. There’s an opportunity to reach the bright kids who don’t quite have the natural inclination to personally tackle complicated technical tasks. If you give them good teaching and compelling material that’s relevant and interesting to them, you can reach ten percent, twenty percent, fifty percent, many more. - -We look back to the 1980s as this golden era [of learning to program], and in practice, only a very few percent of people were learning to program to any great degree. Most people could probably write a couple of lines. But doing any significant programming was still rare. - -I think the real opportunity for us now, because we can intervene on the material and teacher training levels, we can potentially blow past where we were in the 1980s. There’s much more participation, there’s much more gender equality. Programming was largely a boy’s activity in the 1980s, and that’s now reflected in the makeup of our engineering community. I think there’s a real opportunity to get more girls programming computers. That’s the lowest of low hanging fruit. If we do that, we instantly double the number of people. - -There are a lot of opportunities and I think the most satisfying thing for Pi is we’re kind of at the scale where we can start to attack some of them. - -### Pi For Everyone ### - -**RW:** What does that say to you about the potential demand for DIY projects like the Pi? Are we all going to be DIY hackers one day? - -**EU:** Yeah, I mean, that’s the thing. There is an enormous demand for it. And I think that there is a tie to the maker community. The maker community is much more developed in American than it is in the UK. We do have maker fairs and hackerspaces now, but it’s probably five years behind where it is in the U.S. - -So one thing we found when we started talking about Raspberry Pi, when it started getting international attention, we found we were launching into this very well established community of people who like doing all sorts of DIY activity: knitting, or, you know, woodworking. - -So that’s one of the things that led to that surprise increase in volume for the Pi. Makers who see it as a component they can use to build their projects. Which is great! - -**RW:** What do you think about the emergence of mainstream hardware-hacking culture? - -**EU:** I mean, it’s fantastic, right? It’s something we would never have predicted on the software engineering front. I’ve come to this stuff from a software background, so the fact that most of the cool stuff people do with the Raspberry Pi is hardware related is surprising to me. It’s not surprising to me anymore, but it was surprising to me originally. - -![](http://readwrite.com/files/raspberry%20pi%20robot%20flickr%20ashley%20basil.jpg) - -I think it’s a very positive trend, for all sorts of reasons. It’s positive because it provides children with relevant experiences. In my mind, moving pixels around on the screen is still cool, but in reality, it’s much less cool than it was in the 1980s. I think moving objects around in the world, like robots, is what’s cool for kids now. - -When you get more relevance, you attract more girls. There’s a really insidious tendency to try and design activities for girls around tech, and it actually isn’t about girls. It’s about appealing to a broader audience. - -There is this tiny segment—I’ve talked about the one percent, the kids who find the abstract computer programming exciting. “Let’s learn about variables!” And I was one of those kids. But that’s only a small number of people, and it seems to be boys, more often. I don’t know whether that’s a cultural thing or what but it just seems to be the way the world is. - -Quite often when people are talking about pursuing relevance in order to attract girls, it’s not about attracting girls at all. It’s about attracting anyone other than that tiny little sliver of boys. You’re not just attracting girls, you’re attracting all the other boys as well. - -One of the wonderful things from an education standpoint is that part of actually doing stuff in the real world with a computer is automatically more relevant than just doing things on the computer itself. So it gives you a route to attract girls into the subject, it gives you a route to track more than one percent of boys into the subject. - -It’s great not to be alone. It’s fantastic to be launching into this tidal wave of interest, of people doing stuff in the real world. I know a guy in southern California whose two hobbies are Pi hacking and making his own chainmail. It’s just a wonderful thing that people are doing that sort of stuff. - -### Sharing The Pi ### - -**RW:** Can you give me an example of the sort of “relevant” projects that attract more than the one percent? - -**EU:** The whole broad area of robotics is one. There are just vast numbers of people using the Pi as a base to make little robots that run around and do stuff, particularly now that we have the camera module, which acts as kind of computer vision. - -I think other camera-based projects as well tend to get a lot of play. People doing wildlife photography type things, people doing time lapse photography, a wide range of stuff because we have this $25 camera module, and an infrared version so you can do nighttime animal photography—writing scripts to take pictures at night and save away the ones that have some motion in them. So those ones are nice. - -I’m particularly fond of anything that has to do with high altitude ballooning. Environmental monitoring—there are some high school kids in the UK who did an IndieGoGo called [AirPi][4], which is a pollution monitoring shield that would sit on top of the Pi. So lots of those things that let you do physics or chemistry or biology using the Pi—those are the things that I think have relevance. Those are the things that are much easier to justify to the bulk of kids as a thing that’s worth paying attention to. - -**RW:** When will we be seeing a Raspberry Pi Model C? - -**EU:** We have no plans at the moment. We are mostly doing software work at the moment. I think we’ve discovered that there is a large amount of performance gain available by nickel and diming the software, buffing it a little bit. - -If we go and make a Model C, we orphan 2.5 million people who are committed to the current platform. So I think we are, at least for now, pretty committed to trying to do software work because that helps all of those people who are in the field. We feel there is still significant performance gain available through software optimization. - -Obviously, we’ll have to do something [about hardware] at some point. I don’t really known when. If we’re still shipping the Pi Model B in 2017, 2018, that would be bad. But I think we’re probably a year away from giving any serious consideration to what to do next. - -**RW:** Lots of people are building projects using both the Pi and Arduino, the DIY electronics-hacking kit. Did you design Pi with kits like Arduino in mind? - -**EU:** Not really, but we realized very early on there could sometimes be a tendency in the press to see us as a competitor to the Arduino. We were always skeptical, I think, as to whether that was really the case because I think the Pi and Arduino do different things and do them well. - -We didn’t design it to work with the Arduino, but the Arduino is designed to work with a house PC. We make a great low power house PC for the Arduino. So yeah, it was just lucky, I guess. - -**RW:** What do you use Raspberry Pi for at home? At work? - -**EU:** At home, I use it as a media center; that’s a fairly common use of the Pi. It’s an interesting thing that you have people doing actual consumer electronics, using it as a piece of consumer electronics. And I’m certainly one of those. - -I don’t have anywhere near as much time to play with it at work as I would like. Usually when I get a Pi at work it’s because I’m testing some new piece of software that I’ve commissioned. Mostly I’m just using it to check that the contractors I’ve paid to do work have done a good job. - -I’m really hoping that I will get some more downtime over the next year. Sometimes it feels like, aside from the media center, I’ve been involved with making this fantastic toy, and because it’s been so successful I don’t get much time to play with it. - -But it’s really gratifying to see how many people are having fun with it, to see it show up in different places. I understand we got mentioned on The Big Bang Theory, I need to track down the episode. It shows up in all these unusual places. It’s really nice to see how many people have taken it to heart and started doing stuff with it. - -Eben Upton image courtesy of the Raspberry Pi Foundation; Raspberry Pi images by Flickr users [Johan Larsson][5], [Clive Darra][6], [Pete Sneekes][7], [Luca Sbardella][8] and [Ashley Basil][9] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://readwrite.com/2014/04/08/raspberry-pi-eben-upton-builders#awesm=~oBGnazhOCOfaUd - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:https://twitter.com/EbenUpton -[2]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Micro -[3]:http://www.raspberrypi.org/welcome-lance/ -[4]:http://airpi.es/ -[5]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/johanl/8384790662 -[6]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/osde-info/8626662243 -[7]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/p8/7950485168 -[8]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/sbardella/7473604878 -[9]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/28438417@N08/8006786385/in/photolist-dcwSD8-d8PKa3-bmosVm-bmosWG-bz3YJF-e8NRQD-btyqN1-dorXrE-hTF7id-hTF7jL-hTF4mJ-hTF4jj-hTF4q1-hTF7jA-hTF7gj-gKRLrn-ftALdo-c7Qnjs-c7Qnyh-c7QmZj-c7QnY1-c7QmNY-cu8zs3-cu8BWm-cu8u5S-cu8yC3-cu8DBN-cu8wRq-cu8xNL-cu8CJj-cu8tss-cu8BcG-cu8uVL-cu8AoW-hTF7dU-hTEzCr-hTFBCp-hTFBvR-hTFBBH-hTF4hA-hTF7c1-hTEzza-hTFBM2-cdtf1b-bz7n87-gKQSJ7-gKQUko-ds8x8q-dqweVP-cVwvJq diff --git a/translated/talk/Raspberry Pi s Eben Upton--How We're Turning Everyone Into DIY Hackers.md b/translated/talk/Raspberry Pi s Eben Upton--How We're Turning Everyone Into DIY Hackers.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..83d6ff53cc --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/talk/Raspberry Pi s Eben Upton--How We're Turning Everyone Into DIY Hackers.md @@ -0,0 +1,190 @@ +来自树莓派的Eben Upton：我们是怎么让大家都成为DIY黑客的。 +================================================================================ +> 请记住它是为喜欢折腾的人准备的只要35美元的计算机 + +我永远不会忘记我第一次看到树莓派的情形。那个小巧的，信用卡大小的计算机，性能却足够强劲，可以作为一般家用PC，媒体中心，电视游戏机，或是其他任何你能够想像的东西。只有35美元的价格，它是任何年龄段的动手爱好者都可以拥有的小东西，可以在上面捣腾硬件和软件试验，而不用担心会弄坏昂贵的家庭电脑。 + +[Eben Upton][1]，是树莓派基金会的共同创始人，通常被誉为这个神奇机器背后的魔法师。在剑桥大学的计算机实验室攻读哲学博士学位的时候，他费尽苦心地手工打造了树莓派的原型机。 + +如今，Upton是树莓派基金会下面贸易公司的CEO，监督着树莓派的生产和销售，目前销量已经达到250万台。 + +### 天上的派 ### + +ReadWrite网: 一开始是什么让你对技术这么感兴趣？它又是如何偶然地引导你创建树莓派项目的？ + +**Eben Upton**: 在我还是孩子的时候就开始对技术感兴趣了。我有个对工程技术有很大兴趣的父亲，他自己不是工程师，而是一个英语老师。我们的房子里经常到处堆着各种电子器件，在还不知道这些东西是干嘛的时候，我就开始摆弄了。都是些小玩意，比如在床头装个灯，在“关灯”后还可以继续看书之类的。 + +![](http://readwrite.com/files/raspberry%20pi%20black-and-white%20flickr%20johan%20larsson.jpg) + +之后我有了一台计算机。在英国，我们把这种机器叫做[BBC微计算机][2]，实际上是8位单片机，做教学用的。我们在学校的时候接触到这种机器，我之后就学会了编程，而且还蛮喜欢的。 + +这些机器在学校里并不一定是用来编程的，或者说他们根本不是用来编程的，一般都运行教学软件。但是我却给它编程，之后我还买了一台回家，在我买了这台BBC微机后，我就泡在了房间里，再没出来过。[笑] + +编程对于小孩来说太神奇了。当你还是小孩的时候，并没有太多力量。没有听话的随从，反而身边有很多的限制。编程最伟大的地方在于，这是一个可以让你随喜所欲的小世界。而这当然让我无法抗拒。 + +我一直都对科学和数学，以及硬科学学科感兴趣。我在我的BBC微机上做了大量的计算和编程，之后我拥有了一台Commodore Amiga。 + +在大学里我学习了物理，工程和计算机科学。这是激发树莓派项目想法的原因，因为当我在学校呆了10年的时候[当时在读博士学位]，我发现那些新来的孩子们在他们小时候并没有机会获得这方面的经验。你也许仍然能拥有乐高玩具，但是问题是梯子。 + +在一定程度上我们把身后的梯子撤掉了。我们造出了这些非常复杂而且用户友好的计算机给小孩使用，或者不仅仅是计算机，还包括电视游戏机，电话和平板，以及一些家用电器。但是，人们却没有机会自己动手改一改。所以实际上，树莓派是回到最初的一种尝试，当然也不会过于原始，希望找到在过去25年里计算机发展中迷失掉的那种感觉。 + +**RW:** 你需要克服的最大的障碍有哪些？ + +**EU:** 好吧，我们没有任何投资者，当然这也是一件好事情。我们从2006年就开始尝试做这件事情，你可以看到它花了我们很长时间才把树莓派从一个想法变成一件能卖的东西。在价格和性能之间或是价格和可编程性之间找到平衡，是一件很重要的事情。 + +另外一件麻烦事是募集资金。我们是非营利组织，所以我们得去找人赞助，而这最后都变成了董事会中的几个人自掏腰包。我们有25万美元的启动资金是从我和其他几个成员自己借的。所以我觉得，当初这样做还挺有勇气。 + +![](http://readwrite.com/files/raspberry%20pi%20flickr%20clive%20darra.jpg) + +### 从东方到西方 ### + +为了找到价格合适的生产方式，我们选了一条不同寻常的路线。通常人们生产更传统的产品时，当量不大的时候都会选择在本地生产，然后[制造商]再制定较高的价格。大多数都能获得比树莓派丰厚的利润。 + +所以他们开始会在西方生产。然后，为了追求更高的利润，当产品有一定的量就会想减少生产成本，所以转到远东地区。 + +我们的问题是，因为我们没有足够的利润来支撑这种模式的订单，所以我们在中国制造了第一批产品。当然一开始会有一点不好的预感。我一点也不了解中国制造，最后，我们把价值5万美元的芯片和5万美元现金交给一个香港人，他需要还给我们2000片可以工作的树莓派。 + +之后交期出现了延时，我们甚至都开始相信自己被骗了。然后终于有一天，现在250万台树莓派中最早的2000台放在托板上来到了门口。 + +那个UPS快递员从卡车里拖出一个托板，并拉到我们车库里。托板上放着2000台树莓派，它们中每一台都比我小时候用过的计算机强多了。我们随机抽查了几台，都可以完美地工作。 + +所以我觉得还挺幸运，中国你懂的。然后我们的产品终于开始有量了，我们选择了跟其他所有人不同的方向。我觉得这是这个项目中的另一个决定性时刻，我们认识到，以目前的订单量，我们可以用和在中国同样的成本在西方生产。所以我们可以回归，把所有的生产制造搬回威尔士，也是我出生的地方。像是一个美妙的圆圈。 + +**RW:** 有没有一些树莓派的前身没有被制造出来的？ + +**EU:** 有的，我们做了许多不同的原型机。我们希望做出一个可以编程，也能吸引小朋友兴趣的东西。“吸引小朋友兴趣”意味着，在某些方面要足够强大。比如，播放视频，玩游戏，以及上网。 + +我们有许多能够达到价格目标和可编程目标的原型，但是等我们确定一个合适的方案，它足够强大能够吸引孩子们的热情，已经挺晚了，都到2010年底2011年初了。 + +### 派是从哪儿烤好的 ### + +**RW:** 跟我们说说发明树莓派的故事 + +**EU:** 我们尝试过基于所谓的微控制器技术做了几台机器。不知道你有没有听过一个叫Arduino的[开源电子原型]平台？它们的性能跟Arduino是一个级别的，优点是很容易买到，是常用的元器件，非常便宜，也很容易掌握。 + +![](http://readwrite.com/files/raspberry%20pi%20pibow%20flickr%20peet%20sneekes.jpg) + +所以我们试了一下。最后的成品只能从技术上来说还是计算机，你可以把它接到电视机或其他显示设备上。但是，它太原始了，很明显不能吸引孩子们的兴趣。这个是一号原型机，它在爱尔兰一家博物馆的叫“失败”的展览中展出[笑]。我下个月会去看看。它现在被装载一个玻璃盒子里，作为一次辉煌失败的典型。 + +好的一面是它是手工制作的，你不可能手工制作一块现代的树莓派。但是，这个原型太原始了，你实际上可以把所有器件手工焊接到一起，它就是我一个星期里做好的，是个挺好的小玩具。 + +我在大学里呆了差不多10年以后，进入到一家叫Broadcom的公司工作，总部在南加利福尼亚但是在剑桥有个大办公室，主要生产手机芯片。然后，我意识到这种手机芯片非常适合，它是制作像派这样的设备的非常合适的平台，因为它有优秀的图形性能。 + +我基于Broadcom开发工具制作了一个原型。这次的原型非常强大，也有更多功能，价格也差不多。不过问题是，它有一套定制的开发环境，而不是一个标准的平台。 + +我们得写自己的SD卡驱动，自己的文件系统，自己的文本编辑器。你会发现你得做大量基础工作，虽然最后你能够得到一个强大的可编程的平台，但是它却是完全非标准的[而且]和其他设备完全不一样。从而无法重用那些已经在台式机系统中已经做过的工作。这个是二号原型机。 + +真正的突破是三号原型机。我们从Broadcom拿到了另一种应用了ARM处理器的芯片，可以直接运行标准Linux。我们意识到终于可以做出能够满足所有的需求的机器了，这就是我们推向市场的产品。 + +### 黑黑下一代黑客 ### + +**RW:** 八岁的孩子就开始用树莓派做项目了。这在你意料中吗，还是说让你意外了？ + +**EU:** 八岁是很好的年纪。我想每个人都会把自己开始编程的年龄定义成合适的年龄。我就是八岁开始编程的。某种程度上来说，孩子们所需要的只是年龄大到拥有相对完整的认知技能，或者说是解决问题的技能。也许在学校学一点数学就够了。 + +![](http://readwrite.com/files/raspberry%20pi%20lego%20flickr%20luca%20sbardella.jpg) + +年龄大到可以计划任务，编程就是终极的计划任务。还是得有一定的智力基础去做这个事情。八岁的时候，大多数孩子在自己的思维上已经非常成熟了。另外还需要敏捷的身手，对更小的孩子来说还存在一个问题就是，他们还不够灵巧去使用键盘。 + +所以说，八岁是很好的年纪。你有合适的身体，有合适的心智，而且还处于生命中能轻松学习新知识的时候。你的大脑还具有非常大的可塑性，可以学习语言。。。 + +我的意思是，你要是想让你的小孩学习法语的话，八岁就开始教他，不要等到16岁才开始。正式的计算机教育有一个历史性的缺点，就是太晚开始了，然后就很惊讶为何学生们理解起来概念有困难。所以我认为越早接触越好，而八岁是奇妙的年纪。八岁，十岁，十二岁，十二岁可能都有点晚了。 + +我们基金会的CEO，[Lance][3] [Howarth]，对初级教育特别热心。他真的认为这是一个实际的机会来做点非常特别的事情。 + +**RW:** 所以这是树莓派项目的目的，让小孩子们编程？ + +**EU:** 我想我们一直认为可以让孩子们玩编程只是举个例子。但是树莓派的目的是把这个东西做出来看看谁会买它。我们一直相信至少有一部分年轻的孩子会觉得它令人激动。现在我们已经有知识宽度和规模来支持孩子们玩它了。 + +[仅仅]做出一个像树莓派的平台和提供相关支持是有很大区别的，如果只是做出来的话，你会发现有1%的八岁孩子会喜欢它并且玩起来，不管你提供多或者少的支持。 + +我觉得现在基金会的一个实际的机会是，我们已经可以承担得起开发教材了，我们还可以提倡培训这方面的教师。有个机会是我们可以吸引比1%更多的孩子。还有个机会是吸引那些没有独自处理复杂技术问题倾向的机灵小孩。如果能够提供良好的教程和让他们感兴趣的教材，就能够吸引10%，20%，50%，甚至更多的孩子。 + +我们认为80年代是[学习编程]的黄金年代，而实际上，只有很少一部分人学习编程并达到一定深度。大部分人也许可以写个几行，但是能够编写大型程序的还是很少见。 + +所以我认为我们目前有一个实际的机会，因为我们可以参与到教材和教师培训的级别，我们也许可以超越80年代。现在有更多的参与者，两性之间也更平等。在80年代，编程很大程度上是男孩们的事情，而这也能反映到我们的工程师社区构成上。我觉得现在有个很好的机会，让更多的女孩子接触电脑编程。这个是挂在枝头上垂得最低的果子了，做到这个，人数马上增加了一半。 + +机会有很多，我对树莓派最满意的地方就是我们已经有点规模可以吸引部分人的注意了。 + +### 每个人的派 ### + +**RW:** 关于像派这样的项目的潜在需求，对于你来说意味着什么？是不是有一天我们都会变成DIY黑客？ + +**EU:** 是的，我意思是，就是这样的。有非常大的这种需求。而且我认为有一条通向制作者社区的纽带。美国的制作者社区比英国成熟多了。我们也确实在举办制作者集会和黑客空间，但是差不多比美国落后了5年左右。 + +所以在开始讨论树莓派之后我发现了一件事情，在它获得国际关注的时候，我们发现我们受到一些非常稳定的社区的成员的追捧，他们喜欢各种各样的DIY活动：编织，或者，你知道的，木工。 + +所以，这也是为树莓派带来意外增长的其中一个因素。制作者们把它当作用来构建自己项目的模块。这太棒了！ + +**RW:** 你怎么看现在出现的主流硬件黑客文化？ + +**EU:** 我觉得，这太美妙了，不是吗？这是在软件工程领域里完全无法想到的。我接触这些之前就有软件背景，所以，实际上人们用树莓派制作的多数很酷的东西都是硬件相关的，让我很惊讶。当然现在没那么吃惊了，不过一开始是有的。 + +![](http://readwrite.com/files/raspberry%20pi%20robot%20flickr%20ashley%20basil.jpg) + +我认为这是非常积极的趋势，基于所有这些因素。因为它给孩子们带来了相关的经验。在我看来，在屏幕上移动一下像素还是很酷的，不过事实上，它没有像80年代那样酷了。我觉得，在现实世界里移动一些物体，比如机器人，对于现在的孩子来说是非常酷的。 + +当有更多实用性的时候，就会吸引更多的女孩。确实存在一种潜在趋势，尝试和设计针对女孩子的科技活动。不过实际上这并不是关于女孩子，而是关于扩展用户的迫切要求。 + +有这样一小段－我之前谈过的关于有1%的小孩会觉得抽象的计算机编程很有趣。“让我们开始学习变量！”我就是他们其中一个。但是，那只是很小一部分，而且看起来更大部分是男孩子。我不知道是不是文化因素或其他的，但是看起来这个世界就是这样的。 + +在人们谈论追求实用性来吸引女孩子的时候，根本不关女孩子的事。而是吸引那一小部分男孩之外的所有人。不仅仅吸引女孩，也包括其他男孩。 + +从教育的角度来看有一件美妙的事情是，在现实世界里应用计算机做点实际的东西，自然而然会比仅仅在计算机本身上面做点事情有用多了。所以，这就提供了一个方式来吸引女孩子进入这个领域，同样也可以吸引更多的男孩子进入这个领域。 + +不再是一个人很好。能够加入到这波兴趣的浪潮中，和许多制作现实世界东西的人一起，也是很精彩的事情。我认识一个南加利福尼亚的小伙，他有两个兴趣就是倒腾派和制作他的锁链甲。有人做这些事情本身就是一件很美妙的事情。 + +### 分享你的派 ### + +**RW:** 关于吸引比1%更多人的“实用”项目，能举个例子吗？ + +**EU:** 整个机器人技术领域就是个很好的例子。有很多人基于派来制作小型机器人，让它们四周跑跑或做点事情。特别是现在，我们增加了摄像头模块，可以一定程度上实现计算机视觉。 + +我觉得其他基于摄像头的项目也会变得更活跃。那些从事野外摄影的人们，以及从事缩时摄影的人们，因为有了这个25美元的摄像头模块，应用范围宽了许多。还有红外版本的模块，所以你可以在晚上拍摄野生动物－写脚本在晚上拍摄相片，然后选择保存里面包含了动作的。这些都非常好。 + +我特别喜欢应用到高空气球的任何项目。环境监控－有一些英国的高中学生在IndieGoGo发起了一个叫[AirPi][4]的项目，这是一个污染监控防御系统，底层将用到树莓派。所以会有许多这样的项目，你可以用派来处理物理的，或化学的，或者生物的事情。－这些都是我认为有实用性的事情。这种项目也更容易向孩子们证明，这是值得他们关注的项目。 + +**RW:** 我们什么时候可以看到树莓派C型？ + +**EU:** 暂时还没有计划。我们目前都还在处理软件工作。我觉得我们还有机会通过调整软件来大幅提升系统性能，再优化一下。 + +如果我们现在就启动制作C型，将会抛弃250万使用目前平台的用户。所以我觉得，至少现在，我们决心要继续软件工作，因为这可以帮到所有已经在这个领域里的人。我们感觉通过软件优化还有很大的性能提升空间。 + +显然，我们同时也必须做一点[硬件方面]的事情。我真的不知道具体在什么时候。如果到了2017，2018，我们还在销售树莓派B型的话，那也挺糟糕的。但是，我认为我们也许在一年后再认真考虑后面要做什么。 + +**RW:** 很多人的项目同时用到了派和Arduino，一个DIY电子调试工具套件。你在设计派的时候，有考虑类似Arduino的工具吗？ + +**EU:** 实际上没有，但是我们很早就意识到，媒体可能会倾向于把我们和Arduino看作竞争者。对于这件事情我们有点多疑，我觉得，因为我认为派和Arduino分别处理不同的事情，而且他们都做得很好。 + +我们并没有把它设计成配合Arduino工作，但是Arduino被设计成配合家用PC一起工作。所以，我们为Arduino制作了一台非常低功耗的家用PC。所以好吧，只是巧合，我猜。 + +**RW:** 你在家里用树莓派做什么？工作中呢？ + +**EU:** 在家里，我把它当作一个媒体中心；这是树莓派一个非常普通的应用。有趣的事，有些从事消费电子的人，把它当作消费电子来用。我当然也是其中之一。 + +在工作中，我总是没有我想要的那么多时间来玩玩树莓派。通常在工作的时候如果在用派的话，那是因为我需要测试刚拿到的一些软件更新。大多数时候我用它来检查我花钱请的承包人是否把工作做好了。 + +我真心希望明年会有更多休息时间。有时我感觉，除了媒体中心之外，我参与制作了这么神奇的玩具，但是因为它太成功了，我都没有时间去好好玩玩它。 + +不过，看到这么多的人喜欢它，看到它被出现在各种不同的地方，也是很开心的。我听说在《生活大爆炸》中提到了我们，我要去找找是哪一集。它出现在所有的这些不可思议的地方。真是非常开心，看到这么多人把它放在心上，开始用它做点事情。 + +承蒙树莓派基金会提供Eben Upton的图片； +树莓派图片来自Flickr用户：[Johan Larsson][5], [Clive Darra][6], [Pete Sneekes][7], [Luca Sbardella][8]和[Ashley Basil][9] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://readwrite.com/2014/04/08/raspberry-pi-eben-upton-builders#awesm=~oBGnazhOCOfaUd + +译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://twitter.com/EbenUpton +[2]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Micro +[3]:http://www.raspberrypi.org/welcome-lance/ +[4]:http://airpi.es/ +[5]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/johanl/8384790662 +[6]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/osde-info/8626662243 +[7]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/p8/7950485168 +[8]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/sbardella/7473604878 +[9]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/28438417@N08/8006786385/in/photolist-dcwSD8-d8PKa3-bmosVm-bmosWG-bz3YJF-e8NRQD-btyqN1-dorXrE-hTF7id-hTF7jL-hTF4mJ-hTF4jj-hTF4q1-hTF7jA-hTF7gj-gKRLrn-ftALdo-c7Qnjs-c7Qnyh-c7QmZj-c7QnY1-c7QmNY-cu8zs3-cu8BWm-cu8u5S-cu8yC3-cu8DBN-cu8wRq-cu8xNL-cu8CJj-cu8tss-cu8BcG-cu8uVL-cu8AoW-hTF7dU-hTEzCr-hTFBCp-hTFBvR-hTFBBH-hTF4hA-hTF7c1-hTEzza-hTFBM2-cdtf1b-bz7n87-gKQSJ7-gKQUko-ds8x8q-dqweVP-cVwvJq From fd0a0d0536605df951db992085f154e13b405ab5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sat, 14 Jun 2014 23:14:49 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 543/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9A20140612=20D?= =?UTF-8?q?pkg=20Vulnerabilities=20Closed=20in=20Ubuntu=2014.04?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @alim0x --- .../20140612 Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) rename {translated/news => published}/20140612 Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md (75%) diff --git a/translated/news/20140612 Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md b/published/20140612 Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md similarity index 75% rename from translated/news/20140612 Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md rename to published/20140612 Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md index afd00a5808..8285809c1a 100644 --- a/translated/news/20140612 Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ b/published/20140612 Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Ubuntu 14.04中Dpkg的漏洞已被修复 Canonical公司刚刚放出dpkg包的一个更新，修复了这个用于所有Ubuntu版本的重要软件中的一个问题。 -“这个问题是在dpkg在解压源码包的时候发现的，它会使dpkg不能正确地处理某些补丁。如果一位用户或一个自动化系统被欺骗而解压了特别修改过的源码包，远程攻击者就能修改目标解压路径之外的文件，导致拒绝服务攻击或潜在的获取系统权限的风险。”安全通知中这样写道。 +“我们发现这个问题出现在dpkg在解压源码包的时候，它会使dpkg不能正确地处理某些补丁。如果一位用户或一个自动化系统被欺骗而解压了特别修改过的源码包，远程攻击者就能修改目标解压路径之外的文件，导致拒绝服务攻击或潜在的获取系统权限的风险。”安全通知中这样写道。 想了解这个问题的更多细节描述，你可以查看Canonical的[安全通知][1]。Canonical建议用户尽快升级自己的系统。 @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Canonical公司刚刚放出dpkg包的一个更新，修复了这个用于所有U via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Dpkg-Vulnerabilities-Closed-in-Ubuntu-14-04-446282.shtml -译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 2f216c92101dbabe8da10afed3e82324f5307d5a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ramerzhang Date: Sun, 15 Jun 2014 07:52:17 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 544/601] Update 20140607 Four Awesome Free Alternatives to Ubuntu One Cloud Storage.md --- ...ur Awesome Free Alternatives to Ubuntu One Cloud Storage.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/20140607 Four Awesome Free Alternatives to Ubuntu One Cloud Storage.md b/sources/talk/20140607 Four Awesome Free Alternatives to Ubuntu One Cloud Storage.md index 874770aded..3c58c0ac03 100644 --- a/sources/talk/20140607 Four Awesome Free Alternatives to Ubuntu One Cloud Storage.md +++ b/sources/talk/20140607 Four Awesome Free Alternatives to Ubuntu One Cloud Storage.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +Translated by Ramerzhang Four Awesome Free Alternatives to Ubuntu One Cloud Storage ================================================================================ ![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ass.jpg) @@ -123,4 +124,4 @@ via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/three-alternatives-ubuntu-one [5]:http://owncloud.org/ [6]:https://spideroak.com/ [7]:https://onedrive.live.com/ -[8]:https://www.box.com/ \ No newline at end of file +[8]:https://www.box.com/ From b3fc3e8469dbbcff668380fc2db728e29adddb01 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Sun, 15 Jun 2014 08:44:05 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 545/601] Translated:20140611 How to Prevent Other Users From Accessing Your Home Directory in Ubuntu 14.04.md --- ...ing Your Home Directory in Ubuntu 14.04.md | 88 ------------------- 1 file changed, 88 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20140611 How to Prevent Other Users From Accessing Your Home Directory in Ubuntu 14.04.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20140611 How to Prevent Other Users From Accessing Your Home Directory in Ubuntu 14.04.md b/sources/tech/20140611 How to Prevent Other Users From Accessing Your Home Directory in Ubuntu 14.04.md deleted file mode 100644 index b52babcf8d..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20140611 How to Prevent Other Users From Accessing Your Home Directory in Ubuntu 14.04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,88 +0,0 @@ -Translating by GOLinux -How to Prevent Other Users From Accessing Your Home Directory in Ubuntu 14.04 -================================================================================ -![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/00_lead_image_home_directory.png) - -If you share your Ubuntu machine with other people, you probably have multiple users set up, thinking that the other users log into their own accounts and only have access to their own home directories. However, by default, any user can access any home directory. - -When you add a new user in Ubuntu, the adduser utility creates a new home directory for the new account. By default, the new home directory is placed in the /home/ directory on the root followed by the username. For example, /home/lori. User home directories in Ubuntu are created with world read/execute permissions, giving all other users on the system rights to read the contents of other users’ home directories. See our article for more information about [how file permissions work in Linux][1]. - -**NOTE**: When we say to type something in this article and there are quotes around the text, DO NOT type the quotes, unless we specify otherwise. - -You can easily change the permissions for your home directory to protect your private files. To check the permissions on your home directory, press Ctrl + Alt + T to open a Terminal window. Type the following line at the prompt and press Enter. Replace “” with your own username. - - ls –ld /home/lori - -**NOTE**: The command contains only lowercase L’s not the number 1. - -At the beginning of the line, the permissions for the file are listed. As said in our [article][1] about Linux permissions: - -> “The r stands for “read,” the w stands for “write,” and the x stands for “execute.” Directories will start with a “d” instead of a “-“. You’ll also notice that there are 10 spaces which hold value. You can ignore the first, and then there are 3 sets of 3. The first set is for the owner, the second set is for the group, and the last set is for the world.” - -So, the home directory listed below has read, write, and execute permissions for the owner and read and execute permission for the group and world. - -![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/01_permissions_for_home_folder.png) - -To change these permissions, type the following line at the prompt and press Enter. - - sudo chmod 0750 /home/lori - -Type your password when prompted and press Enter. - -**NOTE**: The chmod command uses octal numbers as one way to indicate permissions. Our [article][1] about Linux file permissions uses a different method that requires more steps but may be easier to understand. Using the octal numbers to specify permissions is a quicker method. Use whichever method with which you are more comfortable. To learn about using octal numbers to set permissions, see this [article][2]. - -![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/02_changing_permissions_for_home_folder.png) - -Press the up arrow twice to use the “ls –ld /home/” command again to check the permissions. Notice that the permissions for world are all dashes (-). That means that the world cannot read, write, or execute anything in your home directory. - -However, users in the same group as you can read and execute files and folders in your home directory. If you don’t want anyone else but yourself to have access to your home directory, enter “0700” as the numbers in the chmod command. - -**NOTE**: For more information about managing users and groups in Linux, see our [article][3]. - -To close the terminal window, type “exit” at the prompt and press Enter. - -![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/03_new_permissions.png) - -Now, when other users on the system try to access your home directory, the following dialog box displays. - -![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/04_location_could_not_be_displayed.png) - -You can also set up Ubuntu to use specific permissions when setting up the home directory for a new user you are creating. To do this, you need to edit the adduser configuration file. To do this, type the following command at the prompt and press Enter. - - gksudo gedit /etc/adduser.conf - -We are using gedit to edit the file. You can use a different text editor if you want. - -NOTE: The gksudo command is like the sudo command but is used to run graphical programs as root. The sudo command is used to run command line programs as root. - -![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/05_opening_gedit_as_root.png) - -Enter your password in the Password edit box on the dialog box that displays and press Enter or click OK. - -![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/06_entering_password.png) - -Scroll down to the DIR_MODE command in the adduser.conf file. The number set is “0755” by default. Change it to reflect the different types of permissions (r, w, x) you want to grant to the different types of users (owner, group, world), such as “0750” or “0700” as discussed earlier. Click Save. - -![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/07_changing_dir_mode.png) - -Close gedit by selecting Quit from the File menu. You can also click the X button in the upper-left corner of the window to close gedit. - -![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/08_closing_gedit.png) - -Close the Terminal window by clicking the X in the upper-left corner of the window. - -![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/09_closing_terminal_window_with_x.png) - -Now, the files in your home directory will remain private. Just remember that, if there are other users in the same group as you, you might want to take away the permissions for both group and world for your home directory. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.howtogeek.com/190084/how-to-prevent-other-users-from-accessing-your-home-directory-in-ubuntu-14.04/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.howtogeek.com/67987/htg-explains-how-do-linux-file-permissions-work/ -[2]:http://www.linux.org/threads/file-permissions-chmod.4094/ -[3]:http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/36845/the-beginners-guide-to-managing-users-and-groups-in-linux/ From 5ff1cae25cc9f93a00509572510eadffd3780e12 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Sun, 15 Jun 2014 08:45:53 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 546/601] Translated:20140611 How to Prevent Other Users From Accessing Your Home Directory in Ubuntu 14.04.md --- ...nnection sharing with iptables on Linux.md | 163 ------------------ ...ing Your Home Directory in Ubuntu 14.04.md | 87 ++++++++++ 2 files changed, 87 insertions(+), 163 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 translated/20140610 How to set up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20140611 How to Prevent Other Users From Accessing Your Home Directory in Ubuntu 14.04.md diff --git a/translated/20140610 How to set up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux.md b/translated/20140610 How to set up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3027c6a535..0000000000 --- a/translated/20140610 How to set up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,163 +0,0 @@ -Translating by yujianxuechuan,占坑 -How to set up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux -怎样使用linux的iptables工具进行网络共享 -================================================================================ -In this tutorial, I'll explain how to share a single Internet connection among multiple devices on Linux. While consumer-grade WiFi routers have become mainstream nowadays, making this problem a non-issue, suppose you don't have one at home. However, say you have a Linux box already assembled with a modem and a LAN card. The modem is connected to the Internet with a dynamic public IP address, and the LAN card connected to your switch/hub. Other devices (Linux/Windows PC, laptop) are connected to the switch without having any Internet connection. To share the Internet connection of the Linux box, you have to turn the box into a gateway, so that it can relay traffic to and from other devices. -在本教程中，我将解释多个设备怎样在linux下共享一个网络连接。目前无线路由器已经成为主流的消费品，从而解决了本文这一问题，假设你家中并没有一台无线路由器。然而，你却有一台已经有"猫"和局lan网卡的的linux主机。"猫"是以动态公有IP地址的模式连接的互联网，主机的lan网卡连接到你的交换机或者集线器。其他设备（如linux或者windows的PC或者笔记本）以网桥的形式连接并无互联网连接。为了共享linux主机的互联网，你必须把主机摄制成网关，于是它才能实现从其他设备中传送和接受信息。 -### Glossary of Terms ### -术语字汇 -- **Private IP address** (non-routeable address) is an IP address used for a Local Area Network (not visible through Internet). -- **Public IP address** (routeable address) is an IP address that is visible through Internet. -- **IP masquerading** is a function that allows set of machines to reach the Internet via a MASQ gateway. Those machines behind the MASQ gateway is never visible to the Internet. Any outgoing and incoming traffic from and to the machines behind the MASQ gateway must pass through the MASQ gateway. -- **Network Address Translation** (NAT) is a function that can make a private IP address reaches the Internet with the help of IP masquerading. --私有IP地址（不可到达地址）是一个被用于本地局域网的IP地址（在互联网中不可见）。 --公用IP地址（可到达地址）是一个在互联网中可见的IP地址。 -IP伪装是一项允许一系列机器通过MASQ网关连接互联网的功能。这些MASQ网关之外的机器在互联网中是不可见的。MASQ之后的机器中任何流入或流出的数据必须经过MASQ网关。 --网络地址转换（NAT）是一项通过IP伪装技术可以使私有IP地址访问互联网的功能。 -### Hardware Requirements ### -硬件要求 -- One Linux box with two interfaces (one public IP address and the other private IP address), which will be used as a gateway. -- One or more Linux/Windows PC or laptop with private IP addresses. -- Switch/HUB (optional). --一台有两个接口（一个公有IP地址和其他的私有IP地址）的linux主机，这个主机将被用作网关。 --一台或者多台拥有私有IP地址的linux/windows系统的PC或者笔记本。 --交换机/集线器（可选）。 -### Step-by-Step Guide ### -教程步骤 -The following procedure is required on the Linux box (the connection sharing gateway). -接下来的过程需要在linux主机（用于共享的网关）上完成。 -#### 1. Activate IP forwarding #### -1、激活IP转发 -In order to set up Internet connection sharing, you need to enable IP forwarding on the Linux box with a kernel parameter. Startup kernel parameters stored in /etc/sysctl.conf. -为了设置网络共享，你需要在linux主机上更改一个内核参数来使能IP转发功能。内核启动参数设定在/etc/sysctl.conf文件中。 -Open the file, and locate line with the following parameter "# net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0". Remove hash mark (i.e., uncomment it), and set the value to 1. It should look like the following: -打开这个文件，定位到含有"# net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0"的这一行，移除#号（即取消注释），然后将其值设置为1，改好之后应该和下面的一致。 - net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 - -You may also activate IP forwaring at run time by the following command: -你还要使激活IP转发功能生效，通过执行下面的命令： - $ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 - $ sudo sysctl -p - -#### 2. NAT configuration #### -2、NAT配置 -Another important part of Internet connection sharing is NAT configuration which can be done using iptables command. iptables maintains four firewall tables: -另一个网络共享的重要部分是NAT配置，这可以通过使用iptables的命令，iptables包含四个防火墙的表格： -- FILTER (the default table) -- NAT -- MANGLE -- RAW -- FILTER (默认表格) -- NAT -- MANGLE -- RAW - -In this tutorial we will use only two tables: FILTER and NAT tables. -这个教程中我们将仅使用两个表格：FILTER和NAT表格。 -First, flush all active firewall rules. -首先，刷新所有活跃的防火墙的规则。 - $ sudo iptables -X - $ sudo iptables -F - $ sudo iptables -t nat -X - $ sudo iptables -t nat -F - -On the INPUT table, you have to set chain FORWARD to ACCEPT target, so all packets passed through the box will be processed correctly. -在输入表格中，你需要设置转发链成可接受的目的地，因此艘游通过主机的数据包将会被正确的处理。 - $ sudo iptables -I INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT - $ sudo iptables -I FORWARD -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT - -On the NAT table, you have to enable IP masquerading for your WAN interface. We assume that the WAN interface is ppp0. To enable IP masquerading on ppp0 interface, you can use the following command: -在NAT表中，你必须为你的WAN口使能IP伪装，我们假设WAN口协议是ppp0。为了在ppp0接口上使能IP伪造技术，我们使用以下的命令： - $ sudo iptables -t nat -I POSTROUTING -o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE - -#### 3. Configuring a private IP address #### -3、配置私有IP地址 -After all configuration is completed on the Linux box, you have to configure the DNS server and default gateway of other devices (Linux/Windows PC, laptop), so that they point to the Linux box. Note that you don't need to set up a DNS server on the Linux box. Every DNS request from other devices are automatically forwarded by the Linux box to your upstream ISP. -在linux主机上的所有配置完成后，你需要配置其他设备（linux/windows的PC或笔记本）的DNS服务器以及默认网关，因此他们的数据流可以指向linux主机。注意你不需要在linux主机上设置一个DNS服务器，从其他设备发出的每一个DNS请求都会通过上游的ISP自动转发到linux主机上。 -If you are using Linux on the other devices, you can use the following command to change their default gateway and DNS servers. I assume that you are using 192.168.1.0/24 private IP address segment, and that 192.168.1.1 is the IP address assigned to the Linux box. -如果你的其他设备上用的系统是linux，你可以通过以下命令来更改他们的默认网关和DNS服务器。假设你的网段是192.168.1.0/24的私有IP地址网段，linux主机上绑定的IP地址是192.168.1.1。 - $ sudo ip route del default - $ sudo ip route add default via 192.168.1.1 - $ sudo sh -c "echo 'nameserver 192.168.1.1' > /etc/resolv.conf" - -If you have other Linux devices, you can repeat the command above on other devices. -如果还有其他的linux设备，那么你可以重复以上命令。 -If you have a Windows device, you can change the default gateway and the DNS server via network connection properties on the control panel. -如果你有windows设备，你可以通过控制面板的网络连接属性来更改默认网关和DNS服务器。 -#### 4. The complete script #### -4、完整的脚本 -Here is the complete script which sets up Internet connection sharing on the Linux box. The WAN interface (ppp0) needs to be replaced according to your environment. -这是一个在linux主机上设置网络连接共享的一个完整的脚本。WAN口（ppp0协议）需要根据你具体的网络接口协议来替换。 - $ sudo vi /usr/local/bin/ishare - ----------- - -In this tutorial we will use only two tables: FILTER and NAT tables. - -First, flush all active firewall rules. - - $ sudo iptables -X - $ sudo iptables -F - $ sudo iptables -t nat -X - $ sudo iptables -t nat -F - -On the INPUT table, you have to set chain FORWARD to ACCEPT target, so all packets passed through the box will be processed correctly. - - $ sudo iptables -I INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT - $ sudo iptables -I FORWARD -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT - -On the NAT table, you have to enable IP masquerading for your WAN interface. We assume that the WAN interface is ppp0. To enable IP masquerading on ppp0 interface, you can use the following command: - - $ sudo iptables -t nat -I POSTROUTING -o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE - -#### 3. Configuring a private IP address #### - -After all configuration is completed on the Linux box, you have to configure the DNS server and default gateway of other devices (Linux/Windows PC, laptop), so that they point to the Linux box. Note that you don't need to set up a DNS server on the Linux box. Every DNS request from other devices are automatically forwarded by the Linux box to your upstream ISP. - -If you are using Linux on the other devices, you can use the following command to change their default gateway and DNS servers. I assume that you are using 192.168.1.0/24 private IP address segment, and that 192.168.1.1 is the IP address assigned to the Linux box. - - $ sudo ip route del default - $ sudo ip route add default via 192.168.1.1 - $ sudo sh -c "echo 'nameserver 192.168.1.1' > /etc/resolv.conf" - -If you have other Linux devices, you can repeat the command above on other devices. - -If you have a Windows device, you can change the default gateway and the DNS server via network connection properties on the control panel. - -#### 4. The complete script #### - -Here is the complete script which sets up Internet connection sharing on the Linux box. The WAN interface (ppp0) needs to be replaced according to your environment. - - $ sudo vi /usr/local/bin/ishare - ----------- - - #!/bin/bash - - ## Internet connection shating script - - sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 - sysctl -p - iptables -X - iptables -F - iptables -t nat -X - iptables -t nat -F - iptables -I INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT - iptables -I FORWARD -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT - iptables -t nat -I POSTROUTING -o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE - -Save the above script to /usr/local/bin/ishare, and then change the executable bit by the following command. -保存以上的脚本到/usr/local/bin/ishare，然后添加可执行权限通过执行下面的命令。 - $ sudo chmox +x /usr/local/bin/ishare - -If you want the script executed every startup, you can register the script to /etc/rc.local. Open /etc/rc.local, before statement "exit 0", add the following line: -如果你需要这个脚本开机启动，你需要在/etc/rc.local文件中注册这个脚本，在文件中的"exit 0"之前添加下面一行。 - /usr/local/bin/ishare - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/06/internet-connection-sharing-iptables-linux.html - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 diff --git a/translated/tech/20140611 How to Prevent Other Users From Accessing Your Home Directory in Ubuntu 14.04.md b/translated/tech/20140611 How to Prevent Other Users From Accessing Your Home Directory in Ubuntu 14.04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..085ef6bbd0 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20140611 How to Prevent Other Users From Accessing Your Home Directory in Ubuntu 14.04.md @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +如何在Ubuntu 14.04中阻止其它用户访问你的家目录 +================================================================================ +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/00_lead_image_home_directory.png) + +如果你和其他人共享Ubuntu机器，那么你可能要设置多个用户，并考虑让其他用户登录到他们自己的帐号，而只能访问他们自己的家目录。但是，默认情况下，任何一个用户都可以访问任何一个家目录。 + +当你在Ubuntu中添加一个新用户时，adduser工具为新的帐号添加了一个新的家目录。默认情况下，该目录位于根下面的/home/目录下，并以该帐号的用户名命名。例如，/home/lori。Ubuntu中创建的用户家目录具有全局读/写权限，这就给系统中所有其他用户可以读因外一些用户的家目录中的内容的权利。具体请阅读我们的[文件权限在Linux中是如何工作的][1]一文。 + +**注**：当我们在文中提到输入什么时，输入的文字内容是在引号中的，不要输入引，除非我们另外指定。 + +你可以很容易地修改你的家目录的权限来保护你的私人文件。要检查你家目录的权限，输入Ctrl + Alt + T打开终端窗口，并在提示符后输入以下行，然后按回车。使用你自己的用户名来替换“”。 + + ls –ld /home/lori + +**注**：该命令使用的是小写的L，而不是数字1. + +在该行的开头，列出了该文件的权限。就像我们在[文章][1]中关于Linux权限部分讲的那样。 + +> ”r表示“读”，w表示“写”，而x表示“执行”。目录权限以“d”开头，而不是“-”。你也会注意到权限值占了10个位置。你可以忽略第一个，后面是3个一组，分为3组。第一组是属主权限，第二组是属组权限，最后一组是大众权限“。 + +因此，下面列出的家目录的属主具有读、写和执行权限，而属组和大众具有读和执行权限。 + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/01_permissions_for_home_folder.png) + +要修改这些权限，在提示符下输入以下行并回车 + + sudo chmod 0750 /home/lori + +当提示你输入密码时，请输入并回车。 + +**注**：chmod命令使用八进制数作为一种指定权限的方式。我们讲Linux权限的[文章][1]中使用了一种不同的方法，它需要几个步骤，但是可能更易于理解。使用八进制数来指定权限，是一种更快的方法。不管使用什么方法，只要你用着舒服就好。要学习使用八进制数设置权限，请阅读此[文章][2]。 + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/02_changing_permissions_for_home_folder.png) + +按上箭头两次，再次调用“ls -ld /home/“命令来检查权限。注意，全局权限现在都是破折号（-），这就意味着大众将无法读、写或执行你家目录中的任何东西了。 + +然而，和你同组的用户可以读和执行你家目录中的文件和文件夹。如果你不想除你之外的任何人访问你的家目录，可以在chmod命令中输入“0700”。 + +**注**：要获取关于Linux中用户和组管理的更多信息，请查看我们的[文章][3] + +要关闭终端窗口，在提示符下输入“exit”并回车。 + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/03_new_permissions.png) + +现在，当其系统中的其他用户试着要访问你的家目录时，下面的对话框就会弹出来了。 + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/04_location_could_not_be_displayed.png) + +你也可以在创建新用户时，甚至Ubuntu使用指定的权限。要完成此项任务，你需要编辑adduser配置文件。要编辑该文件，在提示符下输入以下命令并回车。 + + gksudo gedit /etc/adduser.conf + +我们使用gedit来编辑该文件，你也可以使用你想要的其它文本编辑器。 + +注：gksudo命令看似和sudo命令一样，但是它是用来以root身份运行图形化程序的，而sudo命令用来以root身份运行命令行程序。 + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/05_opening_gedit_as_root.png) + +在弹出对话框中的密码编辑框内输入你的密码并按回车或点击确定（OK）。 + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/06_entering_password.png) + +在adduser.conf文件中向下滚动到DIR_MODE命令处，这里的默认值是“0755”。修改该值来反映你想要授权给各种用户类型（用户，组，大众）的不同权限（r，w，x），如我们先前讨论过的“0750”或“0700“。点击保存（Save）。 + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/07_changing_dir_mode.png) + +从gedit的文件（File）菜单选择退出（Quit）来关闭gedit，你也可以点击窗口左上角的X按钮来关闭它。 + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/08_closing_gedit.png) + +点击窗口左上角的X来关闭终端窗口。 + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/09_closing_terminal_window_with_x.png) + +现在，你家目录中文件会保持私有。切记，如果有其他用户和你处于同一组中，你也需要为你的家目录权限剔除组和大众权限。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.howtogeek.com/190084/how-to-prevent-other-users-from-accessing-your-home-directory-in-ubuntu-14.04/ + +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.howtogeek.com/67987/htg-explains-how-do-linux-file-permissions-work/ +[2]:http://www.linux.org/threads/file-permissions-chmod.4094/ +[3]:http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/36845/the-beginners-guide-to-managing-users-and-groups-in-linux/ From 3abcee9718e16ce0fa1a9234a0c3f0c8fe7014dc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sun, 15 Jun 2014 10:59:19 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 547/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9A20140530=20L?= =?UTF-8?q?inux=20script=20command--A=20recorder=20inside=20your=20Termina?= =?UTF-8?q?l?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @GOLinux --- ...ommand--A recorder inside your Terminal.md | 21 +++++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md (75%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md b/published/20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md similarity index 75% rename from translated/tech/20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md rename to published/20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md index a5d741a48a..c26bcc8afa 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md +++ b/published/20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -Linux script命令—— 终端里的记录器 +Linux script命令 —— 终端里的记录器 ================================================================================ -当你在终端或者控制台工作时，你可能想要记录在终端中所做的一切。这些记录可以用来当作史料，保存终端所发生的一切。比如说，你和一些Linux管理员们同时管理着相同的机器，或者你让某人远程登陆到了你的服务器上，你可能想要终端里发生的一切。要实现这个目标，你可以使用script命令。 +当你在终端或者控制台工作时，你可能想要记录在终端中所做的一切。这些记录可以用来当作史料，保存终端所发生的一切。比如说，你和一些Linux管理员们同时管理着相同的机器，或者你让某人远程登陆到了你的服务器上，你可能记录想要终端里发生的一切。要实现这个目标，你可以使用script命令。 ### script是什么 ### -scirpt就是一个命令，可以把打字稿打印到终端。对于那些想要记录终端会话的硬拷贝的人来说，这很有用。该记录可以保存并在以后再打印出来。 +scirpt就是一个命令，可以制作一份记录输出到终端的记录。对于那些想要真实记录终端会话的人来说，这很有用。该记录可以保存并在以后再打印出来。 ### 怎么用 ### @@ -21,23 +21,26 @@ scirpt就是一个命令，可以把打字稿打印到终端。对于那些想 ![Define script file](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/start_script.png) 当你再次见到命令提示符，这意味着终端将记录打印到终端的任何东西。 -你会看到当前目录，有个名为typescript的文件。 + +你会看到当前目录，有个名为myscript的文件。（LCTT译注，此处原文有误。这里指定了记录文件名为myfile，而不是默认的 typescript。） ### 为什么我们要用script命令 ### -因为在之前已经提到过，script命令的主要功能是记录所有的东西。下面给出了两个使用该命令的环境。 +因为在之前已经提到过，script命令的主要功能是记录所有的东西。下面给出了两个使用该命令的场景。 #### 和同事共事时 #### -当和同事一起工作时，我们可以通过script来记录大家的活动。 +当和同事一起工作时，我们可以通过script来记录你的活动。 + 比如，我们会使用名为**collaborate**的打印文件，来完成打印： $ script collaborate ![Create collaborate file](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/collaborate.png) -然后，在完成一些任务后，试想一下你需要把你干的活发给另外一个工程师，那就把那文件发给他。所以当另外一个工程师需要复查所做的事情，他只要用文本编辑器打开这个文件就行了。 -如果他想要更新该文件，可以使用**-a**选项。 +然后，在完成一些任务后，假如你需要把你干的活发给另外一个工程师，那就把那文件发给他。所以当另外一个工程师需要复查所做的事情，他只要用文本编辑器打开这个文件就行了。 + +如果他想要更新该文件（以增加他的工作部分），可以使用**-a**选项。 $ script -a collaborate @@ -78,6 +81,6 @@ Script命令在你需要记录或者存档终端活动时可能很有用，记 via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/script-command-recorder/ -译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 9c1094cddc7bc09a1344cd9bc746d9e5bee4a5f4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sun, 15 Jun 2014 11:37:12 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 548/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AHow=20to=20t?= =?UTF-8?q?ake=20a=20screenshot=20from=20the=20command=20line=20on=20Linux?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @alim0x --- ...take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md | 10 +++++----- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md (75%) diff --git a/translated/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md b/published/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md similarity index 75% rename from translated/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md rename to published/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md index c422f5e414..2681c03ff2 100644 --- a/translated/tech/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md +++ b/published/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -如何从Linux命令行截屏 + 如何从Linux命令行截屏 ================================================================================ -Linux上有着许多不同口味儿的截屏工具，包括桌面环境专用的截屏程序（如： KSnapshot for KDE，gnome-screenshot for GNOM，Screenshooter for Xfce），或者是通用的截屏程序（如 Shutter）。而Scort（"SCReen shOT"的缩写）是最独一无二的截屏工具之一，它是一个**命令行截屏工具**。虽然它的界面十分简约，但Scrotas在功能上和其它专用的基于GUI的屏幕捕获工具一样强大。举个例子，Scrot支持延时截屏，截屏调整品质/大小，命令行传递等功能。如果你是那些命令行迷中的一个，Scrot应该是你加入兵器库中的又一实用工具。在这个教程中，我将会描述**如何在命令行中用Scrot截屏**。 +Linux上有着许多不同口味儿的截屏工具，包括桌面环境专用的截屏程序（如： KDE里面的KSnapshot，GNOME里面的gnome-screenshot，Xfce的Screenshooter），或者是通用的截屏程序（如 Shutter）。而Scort（"SCReen shOT"的缩写）是最独一无二的截屏工具之一，它是一个**命令行截屏工具**。虽然它的界面十分简约，但Scrot在功能上和其它专用的基于GUI的屏幕捕获工具一样强大。举个例子，Scrot支持延时截屏，截屏调整品质/大小，命令行传递等功能。如果你是那些热衷命令行的爱好者之一，Scrot应该是你加入兵器库中的又一实用工具。在这个教程中，我将会描述**如何在命令行中用Scrot截屏**。 ### 在Linux中安装Scrot ### @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Linux上有着许多不同口味儿的截屏工具，包括桌面环境专用的 ### 用Scrot截屏 ### -在这个教程的剩余部分，我会描述如何通过几种不同方法用Scrot截屏。 +在这个教程的下面的部分，我会描述如何通过几种不同方法用Scrot截屏。 #### 1. 截下整个桌面 #### @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ Scrot允许你在桌面选择一个特定的窗口或定义一个矩形区域来 $ scrot -s -运行这个命令后，继续用你的鼠标单击任意窗口或画出一个矩形，它能够触发对选定窗口/区域的屏幕截取。 +运行这个命令后，继续用你的鼠标单击任意窗口或画出一个矩形，它能够触发对选定窗口/区域的屏幕截取。（LCTT译注，还要使用鼠标，伐快乐） 有时候你选定的区域或窗口可能会被桌面的其它窗口部分遮挡。在这种情况下，你在截屏前需要一点时间来清理那个部分。那正是延迟截屏能够帮到你的，就像下面所描述的那样。 @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ Scrot允许你发送保存的截屏图像给任意一个命令作为它们的输 via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/take-screenshot-command-line-linux.html -译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 3be023814a3fac2514d174d0fcdcec13fc40925a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sun, 15 Jun 2014 11:54:12 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 549/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9A10=20Databas?= =?UTF-8?q?e=20Tools=20For=20Linux=20Users=20To=20Use!?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @yechunxiao19 --- .../10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md | 16 ++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md (65%) diff --git a/translated/tech/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md b/published/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md similarity index 65% rename from translated/tech/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md rename to published/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md index b47490add4..0afc6794bf 100644 --- a/translated/tech/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md +++ b/published/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -10款适合Linux用户使用的数据库！ +10款适合Linux用户使用的数据库管理工具！ ================================================================================ 从内容管理系统到简单的表格，数据库是每一个开发项目的一部分。这就是为什么开发者们如此强调使用正确类型的数据库工具。下面这些可能对您有所帮助！ @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ #### 1. [Autotabla][1] #### -Autotabla是一个对你的程序以CGI Web为界面的SQL表。只需要提供你架构的XML描述，你就可以创建/修改/删除记录。 HTML输出通过CSS完全自定义。通过Perl/DBI保证数据库的独立性。 +Autotabla是一个你的程序的SQL数据表的CGI管理界面。只需要提供你数据库架构的XML描述，你就可以创建/修改/删除数据库记录。 HTML输出可以通过CSS完全自定义。使用Perl/DBI模块而支持各种数据库。 #### 2. [Cruddy!][2] #### @@ -14,15 +14,15 @@ Cruddy！是一个以CGI::CRUD为框架的应用程序，它为你的数据库 #### 3. [myPhile][3] #### -这是一个可定制通用前端的MySQL表。 +这是一个可定制的MySQL表的通用管理界面。 #### 4. [NG-Admin][4] #### -这是一个内容管理工具的数据库。 +这是一个数据库内容的管理工具。 #### 5. [phpMoAdmin][5] #### -这是一个PHP语言的MongoDB管理工具。 +这是一个PHP写的MongoDB管理工具。 #### 6. [phpMSAdmin][6] #### @@ -30,17 +30,17 @@ phpMSAdmin是用PHP编写的工具，它允许您通过Web浏览器管理一个 #### 7. [RockMongo][7] #### -RockMongo，一个MongoDB的管理工具，在PHP5中实现，最好是在PHP中使用，更多的，像phpMyAdmin。 +RockMongo，一个MongoDB的管理工具，在PHP5中实现，类似phpMyAdmin。 #### 8. [WizMySQLAdmin][8] #### -WizMySQLAdmin就像是最有名的phpMyAdmin的MySQL数据库管理器，但它非常易于安装和维护。它只由一个文件组成，并支持多种数据库和表的创建和处理。 +WizMySQLAdmin类似最有名的MySQL数据库管理器phpMyAdmin，但它非常易于安装和维护。它只由一个文件组成，并支持多种数据库和表的创建和处理。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://www.efytimes.com/e1/fullnews.asp?edid=138307 -译者：[乌龙茶](https://github.com/yechuxiao19) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[乌龙茶](https://github.com/yechuxiao19) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 8134a7119d2adefade7533243d5c17347bef4dab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: hunanchenxingyu Date: Sun, 15 Jun 2014 12:23:18 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 550/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=96=E6=B6=88=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=20?= =?UTF-8?q?by=20hunanchenxingyu=20(=E8=AF=A5=E6=96=87=E7=AB=A0=E5=B7=B2?= =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BB=8F=E8=BF=87=E6=97=B6=E4=BA=86...)?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...20140609 Linus Torvalds Releases Linux Kernel 3.15 Stable.md | 2 -- 1 file changed, 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/news/20140609 Linus Torvalds Releases Linux Kernel 3.15 Stable.md b/sources/news/20140609 Linus Torvalds Releases Linux Kernel 3.15 Stable.md index cadca12da2..eb9b250090 100644 --- a/sources/news/20140609 Linus Torvalds Releases Linux Kernel 3.15 Stable.md +++ b/sources/news/20140609 Linus Torvalds Releases Linux Kernel 3.15 Stable.md @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -hunanchenxingyu translating .... -================================================================================ Linus Torvalds Releases Linux Kernel 3.15 Stable ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Linus-Torvalds-Releases-Linux-Kernel-3-15-Stable-445785-2.jpg) From 2d9a8a275ff273c92664536a4c76e78789c8af6d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: recNeps Date: Sun, 15 Jun 2014 15:00:58 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 551/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8D=A0=E5=9D=91,=20good=20text=20edi?= =?UTF-8?q?tor=20on=20Linux.?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- sources/talk/20140612 What is a good text editor on Linux.md | 3 +++ 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+) diff --git a/sources/talk/20140612 What is a good text editor on Linux.md b/sources/talk/20140612 What is a good text editor on Linux.md index 0acb8877ef..b9a4d6bf1a 100644 --- a/sources/talk/20140612 What is a good text editor on Linux.md +++ b/sources/talk/20140612 What is a good text editor on Linux.md @@ -1,3 +1,6 @@ +CNprober 翻译中 + + What is a good text editor on Linux? ================================================================================ Want to launch a heated debate among Linux aficionados? Ask them what is their favorite text editor. In the open source community, choosing a software to write text with, and potentially to write code with, is such an important decision that choosing a football team or a game console is less dangerous. But anyone new to Linux should not be apprehensive of the plethora of advice and the variety of trolls on the topic, and instead try to get familiar with a bunch of different text editors in the first place. So today I shall propose you a non-exhaustive thematic list of what you can find to write text with on Linux. This list will (try to) exclude the full-fledge IDEs, which are only made for programming, and the editors made specifically for LaTex. If you are interested in the latter, I can recommend you to [this post][1]. From d4157cd8494ff1d00dbbe72de7e3260cd29408dc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sun, 15 Jun 2014 16:25:49 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 552/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=B8=85=E9=99=A4=E8=BF=87=E6=9C=9F?= =?UTF-8?q?=E6=96=87=E7=AB=A0?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... Enterprise Linux launched for SAP HANA.md | 42 ------------------- ...u 14.04--Hardware Compatibility Updates.md | 38 ----------------- 2 files changed, 80 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/20140607 Red Hat Enterprise Linux launched for SAP HANA.md delete mode 100644 sources/news/20140607 Ubuntu 14.04--Hardware Compatibility Updates.md diff --git a/sources/news/20140607 Red Hat Enterprise Linux launched for SAP HANA.md b/sources/news/20140607 Red Hat Enterprise Linux launched for SAP HANA.md deleted file mode 100644 index f2844dfc4c..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20140607 Red Hat Enterprise Linux launched for SAP HANA.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -Red Hat Enterprise Linux launched for SAP HANA -================================================================================ -Red Hat has expanded the company’s strategic alliance with SAP AG to make it easier for customers to adopt and run the SAP Data Management portfolio, including the SAP HANA platform, SAP Adaptive Server Enterprise (SAP ASE), SAP IQ software, and the SAP SQL Anywhere suite on Red Hat’s open source solutions. - -The expanded collaboration is expected to enable real-time, in-memory innovation by providing an open, scalable, integrated and highly-available platform for solutions from SAP along with those that are custom-built in an effort to expand customer choice when it comes to fueling business performance and helping enterprises realize increased value from cloud computing and big data. - -Steve Lucas, president, Platform Solutions, SAP AG added: “By joining forces with Red Hat to enable SAP HANA on Red Hat Enterprise Linux, we plan to give our customers an additional choice upon which to base deployments of SAP solutions; an open, flexible and scalable platform that is intended to support customers’ data management needs across on-premise and cloud environments.” - -As the foundation of the enhanced partnership, Red Hat Enterprise Linux is now available and qualified for production use of SAP HANA and supported by partners’ SAP-certified hardware solutions. SAP HANA enables customers to capture business transactions to help make smarter, faster decisions through real-time analysis and reporting combined with dramatically accelerated business processes. Customers can now also enjoy expanded choice when it comes to their deployments of SAP HANA to experience the reliability, quality and stability offered by Red Hat Enterprise Linux. They can also standardize deployments of SAP solutions on Red Hat’s high-performing, secure and open platform, helping to ensure consistency of operations across the business. - -> We are looking for aspiring bloggers and journalists for The Mukt. If you are interested, [apply now!][1] - -Red Hat Enterprise Linux for SAP HANA is designed for easy deployment and simplified integration, and will be available via SAP-certified hardware appliances from partners. Delivered through the power of the partner ecosystems of Red Hat and SAP, it is planned for customers to now have access to a portfolio of cross-industry experience and expertise that harnesses the flexible, scalable and open nature of SAP software and Red Hat solutions that are designed to meet a variety of enterprise information requirements. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.muktware.com/2014/06/red-hat-enterprise-linux-launched-sap-hana/27946 - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.themukt.com/write-mukt/ -[2]: -[3]: -[4]: -[5]: -[6]: -[7]: -[8]: -[9]: -[10]: -[11]: -[12]: -[13]: -[14]: -[15]: -[16]: -[17]: -[18]: -[19]: -[20]: \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/news/20140607 Ubuntu 14.04--Hardware Compatibility Updates.md b/sources/news/20140607 Ubuntu 14.04--Hardware Compatibility Updates.md deleted file mode 100644 index ac9340f9ab..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20140607 Ubuntu 14.04--Hardware Compatibility Updates.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,38 +0,0 @@ -Ubuntu 14.04: Hardware Compatibility Updates -================================================================================ -As Ubuntu moves more and more spiritually away from being another “Linux” Distribution (check their site, the word Linux is not to be found, they have changed the language to refer to themselves as “the world’s most popular open source desktop operating system” instead), they continue to make efforts in certifying hardware from various vendors as “Ubuntu compatible”. Let’s take a quick look at some of the work that has gone into the Ubuntu 14.04 LTS hardware compatibility. - -### What Does Certified Mean? ### - -In the case of Ubuntu Certified Compatibility, it means that either the component or the entire desktop/laptop and all its various components are certified to have full driver support within the kernel for the version of Ubuntu it is certified for. Now, there appear to be two levels of this certification: - -- Components Within Device Certification: This is where major components of a device are certified for a particular LTS version of Ubuntu (like the CPU, Video, Network and Storage Controllers) but not necessarily other components as they may vary (sound, wireless, specialized chipsets). -- Full System Certification: This is where an entire device (laptop, desktop or more commonly, a server) and all its myriad of device options are all certified as driver available for a version of Ubuntu LTS - -In the example below, the Dell Inspiron 1545 has had its major components and various other device options certified to run with Ubuntu 12.04 LTS: - -![](https://linuxacademy.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/ubuhdwccert.png) - -### So Do My Components Work or Not? ### - -Well, as in most things related to Linux, the answer is “it depends”. The older your system or component, strangely enough, the more likely that it will be supported in the LTS version you are using. A LOT of work has gone into certifying hardware in LTS in general and strides have been made between versions 12.04 and 14.04 LTS (some estimates have the system certifications increasing almost 30% whereas component additions are almost 40% up since the last major version). - -The newest components are going to be hit and miss (particularly if you are looking for official binary drivers from your friendly neighborhood video chip makers – both NVidia and ATI have fallen behind lately when it comes to getting support for their latest chips in the repository channels for the latest kernel versions). - -If you have any doubt whether your system or server is fully compatible, check [Ubuntu’s handy “Certified Hardware”][1] site and see if your component or system is listed. - -### Final Thoughts ### - -Ubuntu has come a long way (literally and figuratively) in terms of hardware support in regards to Linux. Whereas everyone really used to be pretty hit and miss and getting any component to work properly in Linux could mean hours of searching for drivers, patches, configuration strings and/or special settings for a particular chip and revision. Now, for most major system components made within 90 days of the LTS release, you will find you have a pretty decent shot at getting your system up and running in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. - -Have a different experience or a long standing component with a lack of compatibility? Drop me a note and let me know, I would love to hear about your experiences! - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://linuxacademy.com/blog/linux/ubuntu-14-04-hardware-compatibility-updates/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.ubuntu.com/certification/ \ No newline at end of file From 687d8641ea69341157bc4eb029fa3184653f42a8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sun, 15 Jun 2014 16:26:26 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 553/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=B8=85=E9=99=A4=E8=BF=87=E6=9C=9F?= =?UTF-8?q?=E6=96=87=E7=AB=A0?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...valds Releases Linux Kernel 3.15 Stable.md | 34 ------------------- 1 file changed, 34 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/20140609 Linus Torvalds Releases Linux Kernel 3.15 Stable.md diff --git a/sources/news/20140609 Linus Torvalds Releases Linux Kernel 3.15 Stable.md b/sources/news/20140609 Linus Torvalds Releases Linux Kernel 3.15 Stable.md deleted file mode 100644 index eb9b250090..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20140609 Linus Torvalds Releases Linux Kernel 3.15 Stable.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,34 +0,0 @@ -Linus Torvalds Releases Linux Kernel 3.15 Stable -================================================================================ -![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Linus-Torvalds-Releases-Linux-Kernel-3-15-Stable-445785-2.jpg) - -**Linus Torvalds has just announced that the final version in the new Linux kernel 3.15 branch has been released and is now available for download.** - -Linux kernel 3.15 arrived a little early than anticipated, but it looks like the final build is on track and that Linus Torvalds managed to launch it with all the bells and whistles - -“So I ended up doing an rc8 because I was a bit worried about some last-minute dcache fixes, but it turns out that nobody seemed to even notice those. We did have other issues during the week, though, so it was just as well. The futex fixes and cleanups may stand out, but as usual there's various other random fixes since rc8 in there too: mainly drivers (drm, networking, sound, usb etc), networking, scheduling and perf tooling.” - -“But it's all been fairly small and quiet, which *may* of course be due to the fact that last week was also the first week of the merge window for 3.16. That might have distracted some developers. I'm not entirely convinced I liked the overlap, but it seemed to work ok, and unless people scream really loudly (‘Please don't _ever_ do that again’) and give good reasons for doing so, I might end up doing that overlapping merge window in the future too if it ends up helping out with some particular timing issue,” said Linus Torvalds in the official announcement. - -According to the changelog, Netgear AirCard 341U support has been added, additional Sierra Wireless QMI devices are now supported, support has been added for Novatel E371 PCIe card, page table updates have been implemented for Radeon, C0 tracking has been removed, beacon filtering has been disabled, inet_getid() and ipv6_select_ident() bugs have been fixed, corrupted path strings for long paths have been repaired, NovaTech OrionLXm product ID has been added, and mux settling delay has been added. - -Also, list/memory corruption on the CPU hotplug has been fixed, the missing support of 10mbit in emac/rgmii has been added, runtime dependencies have been set, support for iPad 2 and iPad 3 has been added, EFI_MIXED should not prohibit loading above 4G, a kernel panic caused by a non-linear skb has been fixed, locking checks are now skipped in the panicking path, and correct available vectors are now received for CPU_disable. - -A complete list of changes, improvements, and fixes can be found in the official [changelog][1]. - -### Download Linux kernel 3.15: ### - -- [tar.xz (3.15)][2][sources] [76 MB] -- [tar.xz (3.14.6)][3][sources] [74.80 MB] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Linus-Torvalds-Releases-Linux-Kernel-3-15-Stable-445785.shtml - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.mail-archive.com/linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org/msg659672.html -[2]:https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.x/linux-3.15.tar.xz -[3]:https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.x/linux-3.14.6.tar.xz \ No newline at end of file From 5f70d955553883fe0e5d2f9d73e5627ee06a501f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sun, 15 Jun 2014 17:43:00 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 554/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9ALinux=20Pros?= =?UTF-8?q?'=20Top=20Command=20Line=20Secrets?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @GOLinux 今晚发布 --- .../Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md | 106 ++++++++++++++++ .../Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md | 117 ------------------ 2 files changed, 106 insertions(+), 117 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md delete mode 100644 translated/talk/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md diff --git a/published/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md b/published/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..816583a130 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ +Linux大神们的顶级命令行秘诀 +================================================================================ +![](http://www.linuxinsider.com/images/rw509807/command-line.jpg) + +**好吧**，Linux博客圈这里这周相对比较平静，给网民们一个拖了很久的机会集体喘口气吧，去享受一下龙舌兰、燕尾服、鸡尾酒带来的欢快吧，然后评估一下过去几周来发生的和自由开放软件相关的事件吧。 + +“你是否曾经在听一张专辑的时候想过‘伙计，这听起来不错，但是我希望它能经常从用户空间过渡到内核空间去！’”粉丝们在Facebook上写道，“我们会全力支持你的。我们的专辑现在完全可以作为一个可加载的Linux内核模块来播放。” + +Linux女孩曾经认为她自己已经完全进入Linux世界了，但是她现在却意识到她的想法是错误的。谢谢你们，粉丝们，是你们让生活一直这么有趣！ + +### ‘命令行秘诀’ ### + +![](http://www.linuxinsider.com/images/article_images/linuxgirl_bg_pinkswirl_150x245.jpg) + +说到有趣，没什么比围坐在吧台前谈论行业内的事情来度过平静的一周更带劲了，而上周搞了一次。Linux博客圈内的生活很惬意。 + +座谈会内容是《Linux之声》——那本炫目出世的新杂志，读者也许记得它是[去年年底发布的][6]——而谈话的主题恰恰就是[命令行秘诀][7] + +Linux女孩太激动了。 + +### ‘它打算渲染大多数网页’ ### + +“有很多使用命令行的真正的好理由，”《Linux之声》的策划者写道，“它是让你和计算机进行交互的强大而简明的方法“ + +“然而，我想花点时间来看看它里头一些更为晦涩的用法（有人会说毫无意义，不值得去做了）。“他们补充说。 + +杂志首先列出的是elinks网页浏览器：“它可能看起来没有它的竞争对手那样光彩照人，但它的目标是能够渲染大多数网页。”他们解释道，“它也有着极客时尚，当你需要快速检查你是否能从只能通过SSH访问的计算机上去访问网页时，它就会派上用场了。“ + +之后谈到的包含了从维基百科上查阅一些定义等其它一些实用的小建议。 + +### '对维护很重要' ### + +“命令行的小技巧很有趣，真的很有趣。”比如，Google+博主亚历桑德鲁：埃伯索尔满怀热情地说，“但是他们忘了[cowsay][8]，它可以用来在黑漆漆的终端里博你一笑。“ + +”命令行对于维护很重要。“他补充说，”大家可以使用bash脚本来自动化，只需按几个快捷键（或者只要一个就行）来完成复杂的任务。” + +其它命令行秘诀，埃伯索尔会把它们放进原来的列表的包括sl（蒸汽机车），以及这些[这些奇怪的点子][9]： + + * % cat "food in cans" + cat: can't open food in cans + * % nice man woman + No manual entry for woman. + * % [Where is Jimmy Hoffa? + Missing ]. + * % make love + Make: Don't know how to make love. Stop. + * % man: why did you get a divorce? + man:: Too many arguments. + +### '最珍贵的精华' ### + +“命令行秘诀？根本没这玩意。”博主[罗伯特：伯格森][10]告诉Linux女孩道，”失望了吧，新手？那就猛敲‘help’吧。还想要点提示？随便‘man’个什么吧。想更多来点不同？敲‘ls /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin | less’，随便捡几个宝贝命令出来，整晚地‘man’去吧。我已经干那活超过十年了，到现在还玩得不亦乐乎。” + +伯格森记不得多久以前他发现了‘ssh’，但是“它是自由/开源软件世界中最璀璨的宝石了。“他说。 + +”ssh的强大力量在于，你可以在一台计算机上输入命令获得快乐，你更可以在100台计算机上干同样的事情来获得100倍的快乐。“他补充道，”当然，要输入100次命令可不是闹着玩的。所以，学习一下通过ssh安全地无密码登陆，可以让ssh的远程登陆透明化。“ + +### '带着尊重来用吧' ### + +当然，”就像干任何快乐的事一样，有人会沉迷于搞破坏。“伯格森警告道，”作为root用户，你可以输入命令来删除所有的东西，或者把这一切搞乱。“ + +”这是核弹按钮，就像全球领袖处理世界事务一样，在按下那个键之前一定要三思而后行，评估干这事所产生的结果，带着尊重和高尚的动机来使用它。“他补充道。 + +”我曾经删除了一个文件系统，因为我的大拇指在输入一个命令时不小心蹭到了空格键。“伯格森总结道，”坦白地说，这种蠢事我只干过一次。“ + +### '很强大' ### + +Google+博主贡萨洛：贝拉斯科C不那么热情。 + +“即使[GUI][11]工具更易用，在*nix领域，命令行仍然很强大。“他告诉Linux女孩，”甚至一些高级MacOS用户也用它们。” + +对于贡萨洛：贝拉斯科C他自己而言，“我想要掌握的唯一一些命令是进程控制和杀死命令，想要使用ctrl+alt+退格键，因为我可以用来处理给我造成麻烦的那个进程，我还想要掌握tar.gz文件的管理——那玩意到现在还让我头痛。“他说。 + +#### '你正在做错事' #### + +最后一点，但并非不重要，SoylentNews博主hairyfeet有一个完全不同的观点。 + +“我只想谈一件事情来充实一下命令行界面这个报道：如果你不干IT，而且做着一些重复的事情，而这些事情只是很简单、很原始地去记录一些有用的事情，但你还在用命令行，那么‘你在走一条不归路’“hairyfeet告诉Linux女孩，”命令行界面没什么神奇——它只是1970年代以来的一个图形化界面！“ + +今天，有很多“有用的图形化界面，这要多亏了CPU速度的提升和内存的增加，而不是一美元店里的廉价手表——我们甚至有IDE和脚本语言，大大超过70年代那些古董，可以在广域网或者局域网上工作，并与操作系统最底层交互，一切都在变得更易用，这多亏了智能感应和自动完成这样的技术。“他解释说，”所以上天作证，如果你不是那3%的系统管理员，工作在以字节计数的世界里，你会把那一堆垃圾从陈年旧帐中翻出来？ + +这是Hairyfeet的最佳命令行建议？“不要——被21世纪那些不切实际的想法所左右，学学怎样真正来使用语言和工具吧。“他总结道，”让命令行成为泡影，把软盘都扔进历史的垃圾桶吧。“ + +> 本文作者Katherine Noyes总是尽忠职守扮演好她的Linux女孩，那件斗篷她从2007穿到现在了。作为一个白天举止温和的女记者，她晚上像逛夜店一样，为了搜寻最新的小道消息，在Linux博客圈上灌水。你也能在 [Twitter][12]和[Google+][13]上找到她。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/80437.html?rss=1 + +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.computer.org/portal/web/pressroom/Linus-Torvalds-Named-Recipient-of-the-2014-IEEE-Computer-Society-Computer-Pioneer-Award +[2]:http://www.ieee.org/ +[3]:http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/80386.html +[4]:https://www.facebook.com/netcatband/posts/755205877853161?stream_ref=10 +[5]:http://www.netcat.co/ +[6]:http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/79448.html +[7]:http://www.linuxvoice.com/commandline-secrets/ +[8]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowsay +[9]:https://www.linux.com/community/blogs/133-general-linux/10408 +[10]:http://mrpogson.com/ +[11]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUI +[12]:http://twitter.com/noyesk +[13]:https://plus.google.com/+KatherineNoyes?rel=author diff --git a/translated/talk/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md b/translated/talk/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md deleted file mode 100644 index 975768661c..0000000000 --- a/translated/talk/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,117 +0,0 @@ -Linux大神们的顶级命令行秘诀 -================================================================================ -![](http://www.linuxinsider.com/images/rw509807/command-line.jpg) - -<<<<<<< HEAD -> “命令行秘诀？根本就没这玩样。”博主罗伯特·柏格森说。“新手们，你们失望了？那就猛敲‘help’吧。还想要点提示？随便‘man’个什么吧。想更多来点不同？敲‘ls /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin | less’，随便捡几个宝贝命令出来，整晚地‘man’去吧。我已经干那活超过十年了，到现在还玩得不亦乐乎。”当然，“某人可要对破坏之类的事情上瘾了。” -======= -> “命令行秘诀？根本就没这玩样。”博主罗伯特·柏格森说。“失望了吧，新手？那就猛敲‘help’吧。还想要点提示？随便‘man’个什么吧。想更多来点不同？敲‘ls /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin | less’，随便捡几个宝贝命令出来，整晚地‘man’去吧。我已经干那活超过十年了，到现在还玩得不亦乐乎。”当然，“某人可要对破坏之类的事情上瘾了。” ->>>>>>> 51f3aeffb27a659d5154c500cf16bafe572a4007 - -**好**吧，Linux博客圈这里这周相对比较平静，给网民们一个拖了很久的机会集体喘口气吧，去享受一下龙舌兰、燕尾服、鸡尾酒带来的欢快吧，然后评估一下过去几周来发生的和自由开放软件相关的事件吧。 - -有些人错过了这些重大新闻：[IEEE][2]的[颁奖礼][1]，计算机世界的2014计算机先驱奖正是颁发给了李纳斯·托沃兹；Tails OS 1.0的[到来][3]；以及，也许是最令人激动的事情，位于西雅图的乐队[网猫][5][发布了][4]作为Linux内核模块的首张唱片。 - -“你是否曾经在听一张专辑的时候想过‘伙计，这听起来不错，但是我希望它能经常从用户空间过渡到内核空间去！’”网猫在Facebook上写道，“我们会全力支持你的。我们的专辑现在完全可以作为一个可加载的Linux内核模块来播放。” -<<<<<<< HEAD -Linux Girl thought she had seen it all here in the Linux world, but now she realizes she was wrong. Thank you, netcat, for keeping life interesting! -======= -Linux女孩曾经认为她自己已经完全进入Linux世界了，但是她现在却意识到她的想法是错误的。谢谢你们，网猫，是你们让生活一直这么有趣！ ->>>>>>> 51f3aeffb27a659d5154c500cf16bafe572a4007 - -### ‘命令行秘诀’ ### - -![](http://www.linuxinsider.com/images/article_images/linuxgirl_bg_pinkswirl_150x245.jpg) - -说到有趣，没什么比围坐在吧台前谈论行业内的事情来度过平静的一周更带劲了，而上周搞了一次。Linux博客圈内的生活很惬意。 - -座谈会内容是Linux声音杂志——那本闪亮的新杂志让读者可以记得它是[去年年底发布的][6]——而谈话的主题恰恰就是[命令行秘诀][7] - -Linux女孩要忍不住了。 - -### ‘它打算渲染大多数网页’ ### - -“有很多使用命令行的真正的好理由，”Linux声音的策划者写道，“它是让你和计算机进行交互的强大而简明的方法“ - -“然而，我想花点时间来看看它里头一些更为晦涩的用法（有人会说毫无意义，不值得去做了）。“他们补充说。 - -杂志列表顶端是elinks网页浏览器：“它可能看起来没有它的竞争对手那样光彩照人，但它打算渲染大多数网页。”他们解释道，“它也有着极客时尚，当你需要快速检查你是否能从只能通过SSH访问的计算机上去访问网页时，它就会派上用场了。“ - -列表从那里继续，包含了从维基百科上查阅一些定义等其它一些实用的小建议。 - -从破窗休息室下来，老主顾们获得了大量他们自己的建议。 - -### '对维护很重要' ### - -“命令行命令的提示很不错，真的很不错。”比如，Google+博主亚历桑德鲁：埃伯索尔满怀热情地说，“但是他们忘了[cowsay][8]，它可以用来在黑漆漆的终端里博你一笑。“ -”命令行对于维护很重要。“他补充说，”大家可以使用bash脚本来自动化，只需按几个快捷键（或者只要一个就行）来完成复杂的任务。” - -其它命令行秘诀，埃伯索尔会把它们放进原始列表的是sl（蒸汽机车），还有这些[这些金点子][9]： - - * % cat "food in cans" - cat: can't open food in cans - * % nice man woman - No manual entry for woman. - * % [Where is Jimmy Hoffa? - Missing ]. - * % make love - Make: Don't know how to make love. Stop. - * % man: why did you get a divorce? - man:: Too many arguments. - -### '最珍贵的精华' ### - -“命令行秘诀？根本没这玩样。”博主[罗伯特：伯格森][10]告诉Linux女孩道，”失望了吧，新手？那就猛敲‘help’吧。还想要点提示？随便‘man’个什么吧。想更多来点不同？敲‘ls /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin | less’，随便捡几个宝贝命令出来，整晚地‘man’去吧。我已经干那活超过十年了，到现在还玩得不亦乐乎。” - -伯格森记不得多久以前他发现了‘ssh’，但是“它是自由/开源软件世界中最珍贵的精华了。“他说。 - -”ssh的强大力量在于，你可以在一台计算机上输入命令获得快乐，你更可以在100台计算机上干同样的事情来获得100倍的快乐。“他补充道，”当然，要输入100次命令可不是闹着玩的。所以，学习一下通过ssh安全地无密码登陆，可以让ssh的远程登陆透明化。“ -### '带着尊重来用吧' ### - -当然，”就像干任何快乐的事一样，有人会沉迷于搞破坏。“伯格森警告道，”作为root用户，你可以输入命令来删除所有的东西，或者把这一切搞乱。“ - -”这是核心选择权，就像处理世界事务一样，在按下那个键之前一定要三思而后行，评估干这事所产生的结果，带着尊重和高尚的动机来使用它。“他补充道。 - -”我曾经删除了一个文件系统，因为我的大拇指蹭到了空格键调出了一个命令。“伯格森总结道，”坦白地说，我只干过这样的事情一次。“ - -### '很强大' ### - -Google+博主贡萨洛：贝拉斯科C不那么热情。 - -“即使[GUI][11]工具更易用，在*nix领域，命令行仍然很强大。“他告诉Linux女孩，”甚至一些有能力的MacOS用户也用它们。” - -对于贡萨洛：贝拉斯科C他自己而言，“我想要掌握的唯一一些命令是进程控制和杀死命令，想要使用ctrl+alt+退格键，因为我可以用来处理给我造成麻烦的那个进程，我还想要掌握tar.gz文件的管理——那玩样到现在还让我头痛。“他说。 - -#### '你正在做错事' #### - -最后一点，但并非不重要，SoylentNews博主hairyfeet有一个完全不同的观点。 - -“我只想谈一件事情来充实一下命令行界面这个报道：如果你不干IT，而且做着一些重复的事情，而这些事情只是很简单、很原始地去记录一些有用的事情，但你还在用命令行，那么‘你在走一条不归路’“hairyfeet告诉Linux女孩，”命令行界面没什么神奇——它只是1970年代以来的一个图形化界面！“ - -今天，有很多“有用的图形化界面，这要多亏了CPU频率和内存的增加，而不是一美元店里的廉价手表——我们甚至有IDE和脚本语言大大超过70年代那个复辟古董货，在广域网或者局域网上工作，并与操作系统最底层交互，一切都在变得更易用，这多亏了智能感应和自动完成这样的技术。“他解释说，”所以上天作证，如果你不是那3%的系统管理员，工作在以字节计数的世界里，你会把那一堆垃圾从陈年旧帐中翻出来？ - -Hairyfeet的最佳命令行建议？“不要——被21世纪那些不切实际的想法所左右，学学怎样真正来使用语言和工具吧。“他总结道，”让命令行成为泡影，把软盘都扔进历史的垃圾桶吧。“ - -> 银汉鱼诺伊斯总是尽忠职守当好她的Linux女孩，那件斗篷她从2007穿到现在了。作为一个白天举止温和的女记者，她晚上像逛夜店一样，为了搜寻最新的小道消息，在Linux博客圈上灌水。你也能在 [Twitter][12]和[Google+][13]上找到她。 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/80437.html?rss=1 - -译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.computer.org/portal/web/pressroom/Linus-Torvalds-Named-Recipient-of-the-2014-IEEE-Computer-Society-Computer-Pioneer-Award -[2]:http://www.ieee.org/ -[3]:http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/80386.html -[4]:https://www.facebook.com/netcatband/posts/755205877853161?stream_ref=10 -[5]:http://www.netcat.co/ -[6]:http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/79448.html -[7]:http://www.linuxvoice.com/commandline-secrets/ -[8]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowsay -[9]:https://www.linux.com/community/blogs/133-general-linux/10408 -[10]:http://mrpogson.com/ -[11]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUI -[12]:http://twitter.com/noyesk -[13]:https://plus.google.com/+KatherineNoyes?rel=author From 49e10409b9ee8959975825d05b164a8cdd9f697b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sun, 15 Jun 2014 17:50:25 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 555/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AUbuntu=20Lin?= =?UTF-8?q?ux=20Community=20Manager=20Jono=20Bacon=20Leaves=20Canonical?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @linuhap 晚上发布 --- ...buntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) rename {translated/talk => published}/Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md (93%) diff --git a/translated/talk/Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md b/published/Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md similarity index 93% rename from translated/talk/Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md rename to published/Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md index 889b9f5b3a..b3558a2816 100644 --- a/translated/talk/Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md +++ b/published/Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Ubuntu Linux社区经理Jono Bacon离开Canonical公司 ================================================================================ ![](http://thevarguy.com/site-files/thevarguy.com/files/imagecache/medium_img/uploads/2014/05/jonobacon.jpg) -几天后，Canonical——Ubuntu Linux背后的公司，将告别其任职已久的社区经理。[Jono Bacon][1]，一直是 Ubuntu 业界最熟悉的面孔之一，他将在[XPRIZE基金会][2]任新职。 +Canonical——Ubuntu Linux背后的公司，其任职已久的社区经理将离职。[Jono Bacon][1]，一直是 Ubuntu 业界最熟悉的面孔之一，他将在[XPRIZE基金会][2]任新职。 Bacon于2006年加入Canonical，从[其博客可知][3]他是在收到XPRIZE的录用通知后决定离开Canonical的，XPRIZE[自称][4]为“创新引擎”和“造福人类的催化剂”。他将会在XPRIZE就任社区主管，施展他过去八年中在帮助协调Ubuntu社区方面所获得的能力。 From de7ada0a103e6f903f6daccb5cd93c3901d50497 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: recNeps Date: Sun, 15 Jun 2014 18:27:51 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 556/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90?= =?UTF-8?q?=EF=BC=8Cby=20CNprober=EF=BC=8Cwhat=20is=20a=20good=20text=20ed?= =?UTF-8?q?ito?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...612 What is a good text editor on Linux.md | 35 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/20140612 What is a good text editor on Linux.md b/sources/talk/20140612 What is a good text editor on Linux.md index b9a4d6bf1a..d49d7e5f03 100644 --- a/sources/talk/20140612 What is a good text editor on Linux.md +++ b/sources/talk/20140612 What is a good text editor on Linux.md @@ -1,27 +1,26 @@ -CNprober 翻译中 +CNprober 翻译完成。 - -What is a good text editor on Linux? +优秀的Linux文本编辑器 ================================================================================ -Want to launch a heated debate among Linux aficionados? Ask them what is their favorite text editor. In the open source community, choosing a software to write text with, and potentially to write code with, is such an important decision that choosing a football team or a game console is less dangerous. But anyone new to Linux should not be apprehensive of the plethora of advice and the variety of trolls on the topic, and instead try to get familiar with a bunch of different text editors in the first place. So today I shall propose you a non-exhaustive thematic list of what you can find to write text with on Linux. This list will (try to) exclude the full-fledge IDEs, which are only made for programming, and the editors made specifically for LaTex. If you are interested in the latter, I can recommend you to [this post][1]. + +想要挑起狂热Linux爱好者之间的激烈争辩吗？那就问他们什么是他们最喜欢的文本编辑器。在开源社区中，选择一个用来写文本，或者更进一步，用来写代码的编辑器，比选择一个球队或者游戏控制器还要重要。但是任何一个Linux新手都不需要为大把大把的建议和各种各样的煽动而感到焦虑不安，取而代之，先去试着熟悉熟悉一堆不同的文本编辑器吧。所以今天我将要给你建议一个简单主题的列表，里面的编辑器都可以用在Linux下编辑文本。这个列表会排除那些成熟的只用来写代码的IDE，也不包括那些专门的进行LaTex排版的编辑器。如果你对后者感兴趣，我可以建议你去看看[这里][1]. ### 1. Vim & Emacs ### ![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2936/14371977196_1a4522359b_z.jpg) -Let's go straight to the big guys. When someone asks about text editors on Linux in a room, one person will immediately respond [Vim][2] and another will say [Emacs][3]. And there are very good reasons for that. They are both very powerful editors, with a lot of features, a lot of plugins, and a very strong community ready to support anyone. If you are not familiar with them at all, it would be a bit hard to describe the extent of their capabilities. But put simply, they allow you to move very quickly within the text, make huge edits very simply, record macros, and do basically any crazy things you might want to do with text. The downside to both of them is that the learning process to control what you are doing is unavoidable and takes time. Past this point, I will not sink into the debate of declaring one better than another, but really recommend that everyone learn at least one of the two. - +让我们直接从这两个最大咖的开始。当有人在一个聊天室里问关于Linux下的编辑器时，会有一个人立马回答[Vim][2]，然后会有另外一个说[Emacs][3]. 之所以会这样，是有很充分的理由的。这两个都是非常强大的编辑器，有很多的特性，很多插件，很强大的社区支持。如果你一点都不熟悉他们的话，要描述清楚他们功能的有多么强大是有点困难的。但是简单来讲，它们允许你非常快速的在文本中移动，简单地做出大量的修改，记录宏以及你能想到基本上任何疯狂的编辑方式。这两个编辑器都有的缺点是不可避免的学习过程并且需要花费一定的时间。讲完这点之后，我不会陷入到哪一个更好的争论中去，但是我真的想建议每一个人至少学习这两者之一。 ![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3916/14393718612_a880b86a52_z.jpg) ### 2. Sublime Text & Lime & Atom ### ![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2917/14391734181_0f0ec76e4f_z.jpg) -Another text editor which has been on the rise for these past years is [Sublime Text][4]. Some may see it as a friendlier version of Vim or Emacs, clearly designed for programming. Indeed, it retains some similarities like the batch edition and the goto function which will remind some of Emacs or [an energized Vim][5]. However, it remains more visual and accessible. Also, the large number of plugins will seduce those inclined to customization. +另一个在过去几年冉冉升起的文本编辑器是[Sublime Text][4].一些人可能会将它视为Vim或者Emacs的友好版，专为编程而设计的。事实上，它保持了一些与Vim和Emacs的相似特性。比如，批量编辑和函数跳转都会让人或多或少想起Emacs或者[一个充满活力的Vim][5].然而，它保留了更多的可视性并且更加容易使用。同样，大量的插件引诱大家进行个性化定制。 -The only gray point to Sublime Text is its license: if you only use open-source, go away. Hopefully, to deal with that, an ambitious clone called [Lime][6] appeared recently. It is still under heavy development, but the spirit is here: a similar experience to Sublime Text, with the after taste of open source. Nothing more to say except admiring the effort. +Sublime Text唯一的“污点”是它的许可证：如果你只使用开源软件的话，你可以放弃它了。为此，最近出现了一个雄心勃勃的克隆版 [Lime][6] 。这个软件正处在繁重的开发当中，但是它的精神是：跟Sublime Text相似的用户体验，但是带着开源的韵味。对于Lime，除了满满的期待没有更多要说的了。 -Even more recently, [Atom][7], the official competition to Sublime Text coming from GitHub was released also as open source. Wanting to provide a full-featured out of the box editor, Atom comes packaged with all you need to jump around files, use code snippets, etc. However, its strength remains in its easy customization process based on HTML and CSS, and its Node.js integration. This is as far as we will go in this list before actually reaching the definition of an IDE. +离现在更近的，GitHub以开源形式发布了[Atom][7]，展开了与Sublime Text正式的竞争。Atom打包了所有你想要的文件跳转，代码片段使用等特性，提供一个完整特性的编辑器而不是简单的编辑框。使用HTML，CSS和集成Node.js环境，可以轻易地定制文本处理过程，这正是他魅力所在。这其实已经要涉及到IDE的定义了，我们的列表最多会覆盖到这里。 ![](https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14395083745/) @@ -29,7 +28,7 @@ Even more recently, [Atom][7], the official competition to Sublime Text coming f ![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2927/14371977076_c95a557233_z.jpg) -If we leave the realm of the super-powered editors, we can turn to what I see as the "desktop environment classics." These editors are more traditional in the sense that some can be enhanced with plugins, but that their focus is simply to write text. If you have an idea in mind and want to jolt down something before you forget about it (I blame video games for my short attentions span), you are not going to learn or even need the shortcuts in Vim or Sublime Text. You just want to some blank space. The good thing about these editors is that they are more or less well integrated with your desktop environment. In this category, [Gedit][8] and [Kate][9], for Gnome and KDE respectively, mirror their environment, and are customizable via plugins, which makes it easier to write LaTeX, for example. [Mousepad][10] and [Leafpad][11] are more appropriate for lightweight desktops like Xfce and LXDE. They are in a way close to Windows' notepad. So if you are looking for flexibility and accessibility, pick here. +如果我们离开这些超级厉害的编辑器，我们可以转向我认为的“桌面环境经典版”编辑器。这些编辑器感觉上更加的传统，有些也可以用插件进行强化，但是它们的重点是简单输入。如果你头脑里有一些想法想要在忘记之前赶快记下来（我必须怪罪那些视频游戏让我的注意力范围变小）。[译注：这一句意思应该是作者因为玩游戏导致注意力下降，记不住东西，所以需要快速的记下头脑中的东西以免忘掉] 你不需要学习Vim或者Sublime Text的快捷键。你只需要一些空白的地方进行输入。这类编辑器的好处是他们或多或少的和你的桌面环境集成在一起。在这一类编辑器中， Gnome 下的 [Gedit][8] 和 KDE下的 [Kate][9] 都很好的集成在桌面系统中，可以通过插件进行个性化定制。比如，更容易的进行LaTeX排版。[Mousepad][10] 和 [Leafpad][11] 更适合于轻量级的桌面，比如Xfce和LXDE。它们在某种程度上很像Windows的记事本。所以，如果你需要的是灵活和便捷，请选择他们。 [![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5522/14415259703_d3885b3952_z.jpg)][12] @@ -37,11 +36,12 @@ If we leave the realm of the super-powered editors, we can turn to what I see as ![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2938/14208641327_49fc7286ba_z.jpg) -Another popular "family" of text editors is the distraction-free editors. If you like to have Facebook or Twitter opened constantly in the background, or receive an email every five minutes, you know how difficult it can be to focus on that essay due tomorrow, or this code not compiling. In this case, you need an editor that will take the whole space on the screen, and block everything else. +另外一个流行的文本编辑器“大家庭”是“无分心编辑器”。如果你喜欢在后台持续地开着Facebook或者Twitter，或者每5分钟就收一次邮件，你就会知道把注意力集中在那篇明天就过期的散文或者这些还没编译通过的代码是多么困难的事。如果是这样，你需要一个编辑器，它可以占满整个屏幕空间，并且屏蔽掉所有的其他事情。 -Probably the least favorite of this kind is Nano. If you want to block any distraction, go without X server. It is simple and straightforward. In fact, George R. R. Martin, the author of Game of Thrones, recently [revealed in an interview][13] that he uses a similar DOS Word processor to write his novels. +也许这类编辑器里面最不受欢迎的是Nano。如果你想屏蔽所有分心的事，关掉X server（[译注：关掉桌面，只用文字终端界面，Nano就是工作在这种模式下]）。这是最简单和直接的方式。事实上，《权力游戏(Game of Thrones)》的作者Geogge R. R. Martin最近就在[一次采访][13]中说他使用一个类似DOS Word的文本处理程序写他的小说。 + +如果你想要一款更顺眼一点的编辑器，你可以试试我的最爱：[Qute][14]. 没有酷炫的特性，也许有一点LaTeX排版使它开起来更美观，但是重点其实是在他的界面的。它提供了一个舒适的导航和编辑体验。如果你对终端感觉不太舒服，Qute是个不错的选择。 -If you prefer something a bit more keen on the eye, you could like my personal favorite: [Qute][14]. No fancy features, maybe a bit of LaTeX to look nice, but the weight is really on the interface. It proposes a beautiful navigation and edition experience. If you are uneasy because of the terminal, Qute is a good alternative. ![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2927/14395083485_7f8f0d6d59_z.jpg) @@ -49,19 +49,18 @@ If you prefer something a bit more keen on the eye, you could like my personal f ![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3845/14395083565_b07b33abf0_z.jpg) -Finally, an office suite is also a text editor. I doubt you can code easily on that, but it will certainly be more appropriate for plain text and more quick to pick up than LaTeX. In this category, it would be impossible to avoid [LibreOffice][15] and [Calligra][16], the two behemoth in term of featues and fame. I like both of them, but a lot of people have a clear preference for the former over the latter. If you miss Microsoft Word, you will be in your realm. A bit of the underdog, [Abiword][17] is a lightweight alternative to those. If you goal is just to edit a word document, and you do not care about spreadsheets or databases, Abiword will do the trick while preserving the features. - +最后，办公套件也是文本编辑器。我很怀疑你能否轻松的用办公套件编程，但是它确实更适合纯文本编辑，也比LaTeX更容易学习。在这类编辑器中，[LibreOffice][15] 和 [Calligra][16] 是没办法绕过去的。这两个编辑器因为他们丰富的特性和响亮的名声成为这类编辑器中的巨兽。这两者我都喜欢，但是很多人明确的偏向于前者。如果你怀念微软的Word处理软件，你会有自己的选择。稍处下风的[Abiword][17]相对前面的两个是一个轻量级的选择。如果你的目的只是编辑一个文本文档，不关心电子表格或者数据库，Abiword的特性可以达到理想的效果。 ![](https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2915/14371976966_4d252928ec_z.jpg) -To conclude briefly, if I had one advice to give, it would be to pick the editor that people around you use. If for some crazy reason everyone you know uses LibreOffice to code in C, or Sublime Text to write a novel, and that you have to do something similar, you should follow the trend. The reason being that if you encounter a problem and need some help, it will be easier for them to bring it to you. +简单总结一下，如果我有一条建议给你，那么就是选择你周围的人正在用的编辑器。如果因为某些疯狂的理由，每一个你周围的人都用LibreOffice写C程序，或者用Sublime Text写小说，而你也要做同样的事，你应该跟随潮流。原因就是当你遇到一个问题需要帮助的时候，他们可以更容易的给你提供帮助。 -What is your favorite text editor? What do you use it for? Please let us know in the comments. +你最喜欢的文本编辑器是什么？你用它来干嘛？请在评论里告我们吧。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/06/good-text-editor-linux.html -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[love_daisy_love](https://github.com/CNprober) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 15f264723df9904392b292b7e73aec90a599af91 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: recNeps Date: Sun, 15 Jun 2014 18:31:56 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 557/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=A7=BB=E5=8A=A8=E6=96=87=E7=AB=A0,by?= =?UTF-8?q?=20CNprober?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../talk/20140612 What is a good text editor on Linux.md | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename {sources => translated}/talk/20140612 What is a good text editor on Linux.md (100%) diff --git a/sources/talk/20140612 What is a good text editor on Linux.md b/translated/talk/20140612 What is a good text editor on Linux.md similarity index 100% rename from sources/talk/20140612 What is a good text editor on Linux.md rename to translated/talk/20140612 What is a good text editor on Linux.md From 96009757762ddc283f9453ffc3f392054a5f665c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sun, 15 Jun 2014 21:25:32 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 558/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=81=A2=E5=A4=8D=E5=88=A0=E9=99=A4?= =?UTF-8?q?=E7=9A=84=E8=AF=91=E6=96=87?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 备注，这篇译文有一些问题 --- ...nnection sharing with iptables on Linux.md | 163 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 163 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/tech/20140610 How to set up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux.md diff --git a/translated/tech/20140610 How to set up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux.md b/translated/tech/20140610 How to set up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3027c6a535 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20140610 How to set up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,163 @@ +Translating by yujianxuechuan,占坑 +How to set up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux +怎样使用linux的iptables工具进行网络共享 +================================================================================ +In this tutorial, I'll explain how to share a single Internet connection among multiple devices on Linux. While consumer-grade WiFi routers have become mainstream nowadays, making this problem a non-issue, suppose you don't have one at home. However, say you have a Linux box already assembled with a modem and a LAN card. The modem is connected to the Internet with a dynamic public IP address, and the LAN card connected to your switch/hub. Other devices (Linux/Windows PC, laptop) are connected to the switch without having any Internet connection. To share the Internet connection of the Linux box, you have to turn the box into a gateway, so that it can relay traffic to and from other devices. +在本教程中，我将解释多个设备怎样在linux下共享一个网络连接。目前无线路由器已经成为主流的消费品，从而解决了本文这一问题，假设你家中并没有一台无线路由器。然而，你却有一台已经有"猫"和局lan网卡的的linux主机。"猫"是以动态公有IP地址的模式连接的互联网，主机的lan网卡连接到你的交换机或者集线器。其他设备（如linux或者windows的PC或者笔记本）以网桥的形式连接并无互联网连接。为了共享linux主机的互联网，你必须把主机摄制成网关，于是它才能实现从其他设备中传送和接受信息。 +### Glossary of Terms ### +术语字汇 +- **Private IP address** (non-routeable address) is an IP address used for a Local Area Network (not visible through Internet). +- **Public IP address** (routeable address) is an IP address that is visible through Internet. +- **IP masquerading** is a function that allows set of machines to reach the Internet via a MASQ gateway. Those machines behind the MASQ gateway is never visible to the Internet. Any outgoing and incoming traffic from and to the machines behind the MASQ gateway must pass through the MASQ gateway. +- **Network Address Translation** (NAT) is a function that can make a private IP address reaches the Internet with the help of IP masquerading. +-私有IP地址（不可到达地址）是一个被用于本地局域网的IP地址（在互联网中不可见）。 +-公用IP地址（可到达地址）是一个在互联网中可见的IP地址。 +IP伪装是一项允许一系列机器通过MASQ网关连接互联网的功能。这些MASQ网关之外的机器在互联网中是不可见的。MASQ之后的机器中任何流入或流出的数据必须经过MASQ网关。 +-网络地址转换（NAT）是一项通过IP伪装技术可以使私有IP地址访问互联网的功能。 +### Hardware Requirements ### +硬件要求 +- One Linux box with two interfaces (one public IP address and the other private IP address), which will be used as a gateway. +- One or more Linux/Windows PC or laptop with private IP addresses. +- Switch/HUB (optional). +-一台有两个接口（一个公有IP地址和其他的私有IP地址）的linux主机，这个主机将被用作网关。 +-一台或者多台拥有私有IP地址的linux/windows系统的PC或者笔记本。 +-交换机/集线器（可选）。 +### Step-by-Step Guide ### +教程步骤 +The following procedure is required on the Linux box (the connection sharing gateway). +接下来的过程需要在linux主机（用于共享的网关）上完成。 +#### 1. Activate IP forwarding #### +1、激活IP转发 +In order to set up Internet connection sharing, you need to enable IP forwarding on the Linux box with a kernel parameter. Startup kernel parameters stored in /etc/sysctl.conf. +为了设置网络共享，你需要在linux主机上更改一个内核参数来使能IP转发功能。内核启动参数设定在/etc/sysctl.conf文件中。 +Open the file, and locate line with the following parameter "# net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0". Remove hash mark (i.e., uncomment it), and set the value to 1. It should look like the following: +打开这个文件，定位到含有"# net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0"的这一行，移除#号（即取消注释），然后将其值设置为1，改好之后应该和下面的一致。 + net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 + +You may also activate IP forwaring at run time by the following command: +你还要使激活IP转发功能生效，通过执行下面的命令： + $ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 + $ sudo sysctl -p + +#### 2. NAT configuration #### +2、NAT配置 +Another important part of Internet connection sharing is NAT configuration which can be done using iptables command. iptables maintains four firewall tables: +另一个网络共享的重要部分是NAT配置，这可以通过使用iptables的命令，iptables包含四个防火墙的表格： +- FILTER (the default table) +- NAT +- MANGLE +- RAW +- FILTER (默认表格) +- NAT +- MANGLE +- RAW + +In this tutorial we will use only two tables: FILTER and NAT tables. +这个教程中我们将仅使用两个表格：FILTER和NAT表格。 +First, flush all active firewall rules. +首先，刷新所有活跃的防火墙的规则。 + $ sudo iptables -X + $ sudo iptables -F + $ sudo iptables -t nat -X + $ sudo iptables -t nat -F + +On the INPUT table, you have to set chain FORWARD to ACCEPT target, so all packets passed through the box will be processed correctly. +在输入表格中，你需要设置转发链成可接受的目的地，因此艘游通过主机的数据包将会被正确的处理。 + $ sudo iptables -I INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT + $ sudo iptables -I FORWARD -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT + +On the NAT table, you have to enable IP masquerading for your WAN interface. We assume that the WAN interface is ppp0. To enable IP masquerading on ppp0 interface, you can use the following command: +在NAT表中，你必须为你的WAN口使能IP伪装，我们假设WAN口协议是ppp0。为了在ppp0接口上使能IP伪造技术，我们使用以下的命令： + $ sudo iptables -t nat -I POSTROUTING -o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE + +#### 3. Configuring a private IP address #### +3、配置私有IP地址 +After all configuration is completed on the Linux box, you have to configure the DNS server and default gateway of other devices (Linux/Windows PC, laptop), so that they point to the Linux box. Note that you don't need to set up a DNS server on the Linux box. Every DNS request from other devices are automatically forwarded by the Linux box to your upstream ISP. +在linux主机上的所有配置完成后，你需要配置其他设备（linux/windows的PC或笔记本）的DNS服务器以及默认网关，因此他们的数据流可以指向linux主机。注意你不需要在linux主机上设置一个DNS服务器，从其他设备发出的每一个DNS请求都会通过上游的ISP自动转发到linux主机上。 +If you are using Linux on the other devices, you can use the following command to change their default gateway and DNS servers. I assume that you are using 192.168.1.0/24 private IP address segment, and that 192.168.1.1 is the IP address assigned to the Linux box. +如果你的其他设备上用的系统是linux，你可以通过以下命令来更改他们的默认网关和DNS服务器。假设你的网段是192.168.1.0/24的私有IP地址网段，linux主机上绑定的IP地址是192.168.1.1。 + $ sudo ip route del default + $ sudo ip route add default via 192.168.1.1 + $ sudo sh -c "echo 'nameserver 192.168.1.1' > /etc/resolv.conf" + +If you have other Linux devices, you can repeat the command above on other devices. +如果还有其他的linux设备，那么你可以重复以上命令。 +If you have a Windows device, you can change the default gateway and the DNS server via network connection properties on the control panel. +如果你有windows设备，你可以通过控制面板的网络连接属性来更改默认网关和DNS服务器。 +#### 4. The complete script #### +4、完整的脚本 +Here is the complete script which sets up Internet connection sharing on the Linux box. The WAN interface (ppp0) needs to be replaced according to your environment. +这是一个在linux主机上设置网络连接共享的一个完整的脚本。WAN口（ppp0协议）需要根据你具体的网络接口协议来替换。 + $ sudo vi /usr/local/bin/ishare + +---------- + +In this tutorial we will use only two tables: FILTER and NAT tables. + +First, flush all active firewall rules. + + $ sudo iptables -X + $ sudo iptables -F + $ sudo iptables -t nat -X + $ sudo iptables -t nat -F + +On the INPUT table, you have to set chain FORWARD to ACCEPT target, so all packets passed through the box will be processed correctly. + + $ sudo iptables -I INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT + $ sudo iptables -I FORWARD -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT + +On the NAT table, you have to enable IP masquerading for your WAN interface. We assume that the WAN interface is ppp0. To enable IP masquerading on ppp0 interface, you can use the following command: + + $ sudo iptables -t nat -I POSTROUTING -o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE + +#### 3. Configuring a private IP address #### + +After all configuration is completed on the Linux box, you have to configure the DNS server and default gateway of other devices (Linux/Windows PC, laptop), so that they point to the Linux box. Note that you don't need to set up a DNS server on the Linux box. Every DNS request from other devices are automatically forwarded by the Linux box to your upstream ISP. + +If you are using Linux on the other devices, you can use the following command to change their default gateway and DNS servers. I assume that you are using 192.168.1.0/24 private IP address segment, and that 192.168.1.1 is the IP address assigned to the Linux box. + + $ sudo ip route del default + $ sudo ip route add default via 192.168.1.1 + $ sudo sh -c "echo 'nameserver 192.168.1.1' > /etc/resolv.conf" + +If you have other Linux devices, you can repeat the command above on other devices. + +If you have a Windows device, you can change the default gateway and the DNS server via network connection properties on the control panel. + +#### 4. The complete script #### + +Here is the complete script which sets up Internet connection sharing on the Linux box. The WAN interface (ppp0) needs to be replaced according to your environment. + + $ sudo vi /usr/local/bin/ishare + +---------- + + #!/bin/bash + + ## Internet connection shating script + + sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 + sysctl -p + iptables -X + iptables -F + iptables -t nat -X + iptables -t nat -F + iptables -I INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT + iptables -I FORWARD -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT + iptables -t nat -I POSTROUTING -o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE + +Save the above script to /usr/local/bin/ishare, and then change the executable bit by the following command. +保存以上的脚本到/usr/local/bin/ishare，然后添加可执行权限通过执行下面的命令。 + $ sudo chmox +x /usr/local/bin/ishare + +If you want the script executed every startup, you can register the script to /etc/rc.local. Open /etc/rc.local, before statement "exit 0", add the following line: +如果你需要这个脚本开机启动，你需要在/etc/rc.local文件中注册这个脚本，在文件中的"exit 0"之前添加下面一行。 + /usr/local/bin/ishare + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/06/internet-connection-sharing-iptables-linux.html + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From ae9cc12f9275b49a0737168a720d6400d83b9e1c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jiajia <1534574360@qq.com> Date: Sun, 15 Jun 2014 21:38:25 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 559/601] Update 20140607 Cup 2014 Brazil--Watch FIFA World Cup 2014 Competition in Your Linux Desktop.md --- ...h FIFA World Cup 2014 Competition in Your Linux Desktop.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140607 Cup 2014 Brazil--Watch FIFA World Cup 2014 Competition in Your Linux Desktop.md b/sources/tech/20140607 Cup 2014 Brazil--Watch FIFA World Cup 2014 Competition in Your Linux Desktop.md index e48a027dbd..e70b057195 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140607 Cup 2014 Brazil--Watch FIFA World Cup 2014 Competition in Your Linux Desktop.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140607 Cup 2014 Brazil--Watch FIFA World Cup 2014 Competition in Your Linux Desktop.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +jiajia translating... + Cup 2014 Brazil: Watch FIFA World Cup 2014 Competition in Your Linux Desktop ================================================================================ Football is the most played and most watched sports on Earth. The present form of football originated in Britain. Football players run an average of more than six miles during a single match. Over one billion fans watched last world cup football matches on Television. This figure is estimated to rise on an above note, this year. @@ -122,4 +124,4 @@ via: http://www.tecmint.com/view-fifa-world-cup-matche-results/ 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 -[1]:http://www.e-link.it/icup/brazil2014/icup-brazil-2014-desktop-app.php \ No newline at end of file +[1]:http://www.e-link.it/icup/brazil2014/icup-brazil-2014-desktop-app.php From b7f51ea718ad6356c8b8650c623e6fedb09af255 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jiajia <1534574360@qq.com> Date: Sun, 15 Jun 2014 21:45:36 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 560/601] Update 20140607 Got Linux--Add Proprietary Code.md --- sources/talk/20140607 Got Linux--Add Proprietary Code.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/20140607 Got Linux--Add Proprietary Code.md b/sources/talk/20140607 Got Linux--Add Proprietary Code.md index df1bac5757..996f738c66 100644 --- a/sources/talk/20140607 Got Linux--Add Proprietary Code.md +++ b/sources/talk/20140607 Got Linux--Add Proprietary Code.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +jiajia translating... + Got Linux? Add Proprietary Code ================================================================================ ![](http://www.linuxinsider.com/images/rw661226/linux-enterprise-proprietary-code.jpg) @@ -109,4 +111,4 @@ via: http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/80555.html [1]:http://www.icewarp.com/ [2]:https://lucerahq.com [3]:http://www.fsmlabs.com/ -[4]:http://www.bell-labs.com/ \ No newline at end of file +[4]:http://www.bell-labs.com/ From 21f64525f8e4f552cd32526cd1f43ec36fe48200 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jiajia <1534574360@qq.com> Date: Sun, 15 Jun 2014 21:47:04 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 561/601] Update 20140609 Has Microsoft really changed its attitude toward open source.md --- ...Microsoft really changed its attitude toward open source.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/20140609 Has Microsoft really changed its attitude toward open source.md b/sources/talk/20140609 Has Microsoft really changed its attitude toward open source.md index 6d923b1e20..bfda83b9b5 100644 --- a/sources/talk/20140609 Has Microsoft really changed its attitude toward open source.md +++ b/sources/talk/20140609 Has Microsoft really changed its attitude toward open source.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +jiajia translating... Has Microsoft really changed its attitude toward open source? ================================================================================ > **In today's open source roundup: Microsoft may or may not have a new attitude toward open source. Plus: Android versus Windows, and Cinnamon versus Unity in Ubuntu 14.04** @@ -78,4 +79,4 @@ via: http://www.itworld.com/open-source/421894/has-microsoft-really-changed-its- [4]:http://www.zdnet.com/the-five-most-popular-end-user-linux-distributions-7000030058/http://www.zdnet.com/the-five-most-popular-end-user-linux-distributions-7000030058/ [5]:http://www.amazon.com/Best-Sellers-Electronics-Desktop-Computers/zgbs/electronics/565098/?_encoding=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&linkCode=ur2&tag=fnh-20&linkId=REWXUPB7SQXPDSOL [6]:http://www.amazon.com/Best-Sellers-Computers-Accessories-Laptop/zgbs/pc/565108/?_encoding=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&linkCode=ur2&tag=fnh-20&linkId=POG3J2CFBHDWBAVL -[7]:http://www.techrepublic.com/article/is-cinnamon-a-worthy-replacement-for-ubuntu-unity/ \ No newline at end of file +[7]:http://www.techrepublic.com/article/is-cinnamon-a-worthy-replacement-for-ubuntu-unity/ From 37c1ba6d3bbbce6869717cd79ba2a59dd15b2199 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sun, 15 Jun 2014 23:11:00 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 562/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E8=A1=A8=EF=BC=9APros'=20Secr?= =?UTF-8?q?ets=20and=20Red=20Hat=207=20and=20PCLinuxOS=202014.05=20Reviews?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @jiajia9linuxer --- ...Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md | 36 ++++++++++++++++ ...Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md | 43 ------------------- 2 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md delete mode 100644 translated/talk/Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md diff --git a/published/Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md b/published/Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a9c9d21cce --- /dev/null +++ b/published/Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +点评 Redhat RHEL 7和PclinuxOS 2014.05 +================= + +在最近的Distrowatch杂志上，Jesse Smith尝试了一下RHEL 7桌面版本。在安装上，“从RHEL安装介质启动到一个图形化的系统安装界面，RHEL用了和最近发布的Fedora一样的新的Anaconda安装方式。就我个人来说新的安装方式是一种倒退”他说道。这没啥大不了的，他猜测在桌面版本就是这样的吧。Smith说他希望有一种图形化的软件包管理工具，因为用户只能在命令行下使用YUM源，只能使用标准的默认库。之后，GNOME shell登录崩溃了，只能使用KDE登录。虽然有些困惑但是他非常喜欢新的防火墙配置工具。请看他的[详细报告][2]。 + +**在**ZDNet.com上，Jamie Watson对新发布的PCLinuxOS 2014.05发表了自己的看法。他说道： + +> 这是个有趣的看法，你可能从它的名字当中想到它包含了很多软件，补丁，驱动在非标准的分支中。最有趣的一点是，基于活动聚焦的虚拟桌面配置。这种趋势使PCLinuxOS使用起来既有趣又简单，提供了以下的桌面环境，个性化的图标: + +> 互联网：浏览器，邮件，聊天工具 + +> 工作：office、kile、scribus + +> 娱乐：游戏 + +> 多媒体：音乐，视频的编辑和创作 + +> 图形和图像：浏览，编辑和创作 + +> 管理：系统管理任务 + + +“PCLinuxOS始终使用原来的安装方式，它来源于Mandriva/Mandrake安装方式”Watson提到。它还带来了新的内核，最新的软件，和多样化互动的界面。[他总结道][3]：“这个新发布的PcLinuxOS版本很不错”。另外Watson在几周前也测试过了Ubuntu、Debian和LMDE。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://ostatic.com/blog/pros-secrets-and-red-hat-7-and-pclinuxos-2014-05-reviews + +译者：[jiajia9linuxer](https://github.com/jiajia9linuxer) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/Linux-Pros-Top-Command-Line-Secrets-80437.html +[2]:http://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20140512#feature +[3]:http://www.zdnet.com/hands-on-with-pclinuxos-2014-05-kde-and-lxde-the-linux-with-something-for-everyone-7000029297/ +[4]:http://www.zdnet.com/testing-ubuntu-debian-and-lmde-on-my-new-notebook-7000029202/ diff --git a/translated/talk/Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md b/translated/talk/Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9d190437b8..0000000000 --- a/translated/talk/Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,43 +0,0 @@ -回顾Redhat 7和PclinuxOS 2014.05支持者的秘密 -==================== -![](http://www.tuxmachines.org/images/redhatlogo.png) - -今天Katherine Noyes 宣称自己找到了“linux支持者们命令行中最大的秘密”，但是有位博主却怀疑是否真的有这种说法。其他的消息有Jesse Smith对RHEL 7候选版本和Jamie Watson对新发布的PCLinuxOS 2014.05的一些评论 -。 -Katherine Noyes写道：“没有比在安静的周末去酒吧闲聊消磨时间更好的事了，当然上周也是这样做的”。他这样的说法引起了争论，Robert Pogson却说道：“命令行的秘密？根本就没有这样的事情”。是否还有新的东西[等待着你呢][1]？ - -在今天的Distrowatch杂志上，Jesse Smith尝试了一下RHEL 7桌面候选版本。在安装上，“从RHEL安装介质启动到一个图形化的系统安装界面，RHEl用了和最近发布的Fedora一样的新的Anaconda安装方式。就我个人来说新的安装方式是一种倒退”他说道。从那儿就有点让人留意，他猜测在桌面版本上那就是大家想要的吧。Smith说他希望有一种图形化的软件包管理工具因为用户只能在命令行下使用YUM源，只能标准的从库里使用。随后GNOME桌面彻底的打垮KDE桌面，有些困惑但是他非常喜欢新配置的防火墙。请看的的[详细报告][2]。 - - -**在**ZDNet.com上，Jamie Watson对新发布的PCLinuxOS 2014.05发表了自己的看法。他说道： - -> 这是个有趣的观点，你可能从它的名字当中想到它包含了很多软件，补丁，驱动在非标准的分支中。最有趣的一点是，基于活动状态对虚拟桌面的配置。这种趋势使PCLinuxOS使用起来既有趣又简单，通过提供一下的桌面环境，个性化的图标:” - -> 互联网包括：浏览器，邮件，聊天工具 - -> 工作包括：office、kile、scribus - -> 娱乐包括：游戏 - -> 多媒体包括：音乐，视频的编辑和创作 - -> 图片：浏览，编辑和创作 - -> 管理包括：系统管理任务 - - - -“PCLinuxOS始终使用原来的安装方式，它来自于Mandriva/Mandrake安装方式”Watson提到。它还带来了新的内核，最新的软件，和多样化互动的界面。[他总结道][3]：“这个新发布的PcLinuxOS版本很不错”。另外Watson在几周前也测试过了Ubuntu、Debian和LMDE。 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://ostatic.com/blog/pros-secrets-and-red-hat-7-and-pclinuxos-2014-05-reviews - -译者：[jiajia9linuxer](https://github.com/jiajia9linuxer) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/Linux-Pros-Top-Command-Line-Secrets-80437.html -[2]:http://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20140512#feature -[3]:http://www.zdnet.com/hands-on-with-pclinuxos-2014-05-kde-and-lxde-the-linux-with-something-for-everyone-7000029297/ -[4]:http://www.zdnet.com/testing-ubuntu-debian-and-lmde-on-my-new-notebook-7000029202/ From a03f78e038d02bfa04d027ec6478e68f216f0cb2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: runningwater Date: Mon, 16 Jun 2014 07:04:37 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 563/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BF=9D=E5=AD=98=E4=B8=8B?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- translated/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md | 16 ++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md b/translated/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md index 555929b571..f5cac7f7a9 100644 --- a/translated/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md +++ b/translated/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md @@ -57,15 +57,15 @@ ### 加密 USB 驱动盘 ### -Like I mentioned earlier, there are many options when it comes to encryption. One of the more popular methods of encrypting partitions is the LUKS (Linux Unified Key Setup) system. A USB drive with a LUKS-formatted partition should be detected automatically by most systems. In fact, if you're using a desktop environment like Ubuntu Desktop, encrypting a USB drive is a simple check box during the formatting process. Although that's a perfectly acceptable way to encrypt your USB drive, I'm going to demonstrate how to do it on the command line, so you understand what's actually happening behind the scenes. +如我前面提到的，要加密有很多可选的方式方法。加密磁盘分区最通用的一种方法是 LUKS（Linux Unified Key Setup） 系统。一个使用 LUKS 格式化分区的 USB 驱动盘可以被大多数系统自动被别到。实际上，如果你使用的是像 Ubuntu 桌面这样的桌面环境系统的话，加密 USB 驱动盘其实就是在格式化过程中简单的勾选上一个复选框而已。虽然这是加密 USB 盘最容易让人接受的方式，但我还是想演示如何在命令行下进行加密，因为这种方式可以让你明白在加密的后面具体发生了什么。 -#### Step 1: identify your USB drive. #### +#### 步骤 1: 识别您的 USB 驱动盘。 #### -If you type `dmesg` after plugging in your USB drive, you should get all sorts of system information, including the device name of your freshly plugged-in USB device. Make sure you have the correct device identified, because what you're doing will destroy any data on the drive. You wouldn't want to format the wrong disk accidentally. (It should go without saying, but I'll say it anyway, make sure there's nothing on your USB drive that you want to save—this is a destructive process.) +在您插入 USB 驱动盘后，如果输入 `dmesg` 命令，将会显示出所有的系统信息，包括刚插入的 USB 驱动盘的设备名字。 确保设备标识是正确的，因为后面要进行的操作会破坏驱动盘上的所有数据。您也不想一不小心就格式化掉正常的磁盘吧。（虽然不用提醒，但我还是要说，确保您的 USB 驱动盘已经没有你想保留的数据，因为这是一个破坏性的过程。） -#### Step 2: partition the USB drive. #### +#### 步骤 2: 对 USB 驱动盘进行分区。 #### -Assuming that your USB drive is the /dev/sdb device on your system, you need to create a single partition on the drive. Let's use fdisk. Below is the interaction with fdisk required. Basically, you create a new empty partition with the o command, then write changes with w. Then, you'll restart fdisk and use the n command to create a new primary partition, using the defaults so that the entire drive is used: +假设，在您的系统上 USB 驱动盘是 /dev/sdb 这个设备，您需要在这个驱动上创建一个单分区。我们使用 fdisk 命令。下面是 fdisk 必须的交互操作。一般地，用 o 命令来创建一个新的空分区，然后用 w 命令来保存设置。然后重新运行 fdisk 命令，并用 n 命令来创建一个新的主分区，接下来保持默认的以使用整个设备空间： # sudo fdisk /dev/sdb @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ Assuming that your USB drive is the /dev/sdb device on your system, you need to Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! -Now you have a USB drive with a single partition (/dev/sdb1), but there is no filesystem on it. That's exactly what you want, because the LUKS system creates an encryption layer on the partition before you put a filesystem on it. So before creating a filesystem, let's create the LUKS layer on the partition, using the cryptsetup program. If you don't have cryptsetup, search for it in your distribution's repository; it should be there. To create the LUKS encrypted partition layer: +现在你的 USB 驱动盘有了一个单分区了（/dev/sdb1），但还没有文件系统，这正是我们所想要的，因为 LUKS 系统需要在创建文件系统前在您的分区上创建一个加密层。因此，在创建文件系统之前，就让我们在分区上先创建一个 LUKS 层吧，可以使用 cryptsetup 程序。如果您还没有安装 cryptsetup 的话，可以搜索您系统发布版本的仓库源，里有就有。下面就开始创建 LUKS 加密分区层: # cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/sdb1 @@ -105,9 +105,9 @@ Now you have a USB drive with a single partition (/dev/sdb1), but there is no fi Enter LUKS passphrase: Verify passphrase: -Follow the directions, and be sure to remember your passphrase! Note, that a "passphrase" is usually more than just a word. It's most often a phrase, thus the name. The longer the phrase, the tougher to crack. +按照提示的操作，一定要确保记得您的密码！注意，这儿的“密码单词”不仅仅只表示一个单词。这只是一个习惯，因而得名，设置的越长，越难被破解。 -Once the process completes, you have an encrypted partition, but it's not mounted or formatted yet. The first step is to mount the partition, which again uses the cryptsetup utility: +Once the process completes, you have an encrypted partition, but it's not mounted or formatted yet. The first step is to mount the partition, which again uses the cryptsetup utility: 一但上面的操作完成，就创建好了一个加密的分区，但它还没有被挂载或格式化。 # cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sdb1 my_crypto_disk Enter passphrase for /dev/sdb1: From 19ac1e3a66c570d7385eeb2866509a3565149b29 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Frank Zhang Date: Mon, 16 Jun 2014 09:13:11 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 564/601] [translating] Raspberry Pi In Schools --- sources/talk/20140607 Raspberry Pi In Schools.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/talk/20140607 Raspberry Pi In Schools.md b/sources/talk/20140607 Raspberry Pi In Schools.md index 6fac29403b..db9a7bb9b1 100644 --- a/sources/talk/20140607 Raspberry Pi In Schools.md +++ b/sources/talk/20140607 Raspberry Pi In Schools.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +zpl1025 translating Raspberry Pi In Schools ================================================================================ > Teaching the world to code is a noble goal, but how is it going to work in practice? @@ -175,4 +176,4 @@ via: http://www.linuxvoice.com/education-education-education/ 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 5f66aa8d175b774e2d3c2a2b6e6d6f3c777e6d39 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Mon, 16 Jun 2014 11:12:33 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 565/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140616-1=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98=20runni?= =?UTF-8?q?ngwater=E6=8E=A8=E8=8D=90=E6=96=87=E7=AB=A0?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...based Gaming Operating System Announced.md | 34 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 34 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/20140616 Valve SteamOS--A Linux-based Gaming Operating System Announced.md diff --git a/sources/talk/20140616 Valve SteamOS--A Linux-based Gaming Operating System Announced.md b/sources/talk/20140616 Valve SteamOS--A Linux-based Gaming Operating System Announced.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..174360e754 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20140616 Valve SteamOS--A Linux-based Gaming Operating System Announced.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +Valve SteamOS: A Linux-based Gaming Operating System Announced +================================================================================ +![](http://s0.cyberciti.org/images/faq/2013/09/steam-os.jpg) + +The year of Linux on the desktop or living room is here. Today Valve software announced SteamOS, a free Linux-based gaming operating system designed for the TV, DIY enthusiast and the living room. From the announcement page: + +> As we've been working on bringing Steam to the living room, we’ve come to the conclusion that the environment best suited to delivering value to customers is an operating system built around Steam itself. SteamOS combines the **rock-solid architecture of Linux with a gaming experience** built for the big screen. It will be available soon as a free stand-alone operating system for living room machines. + +### More about SteamOS ### + +- Hundreds of great games are already running natively on SteamOS. More AAA titles coming natively to SteamOS in 2014. +- You can stream games from your desktop and stream those games over your home network to your TV via a SteamOS machine. +- You can play all your Windows and Mac games on your SteamOS machine, too. +- Stream music and video with the SteamOS media services. +- In SteamOS, Valve have achieved significant performance increases in graphics processing, and Valve working on audio performance and reductions in input latency at the operating system level. Game developers are already taking advantage of these gains as they target SteamOS for their new releases. +- You can modify or replace any part of the software or hardware you want. No more lock-ins. +- Valve are working on improving Linux kernel, drivers and debugging tools. This is a great news for both developers and users. +- Standard parental controls for games and streaming services. + +### Input lag over a network... a horrible experience? ### + +Streaming games over the internet adds the the network latency. However, SteamOS machine and TV will be in a local network. This will keep delay to minimum including encoding and decoding video between the two systems. This is just a guess and I will wait for the reviews. + +I think Valve is following Android model. User will get consistent environment for all your devices or you can build your own device. SteamOS will be available soon as a free download for users and as a freely licensable operating system for manufacturers. For more information see [SteamOS][1] announcement page. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.cyberciti.biz/linux-games/valve-announces-linux-based-steamos/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://store.steampowered.com/livingroom/SteamOS/ \ No newline at end of file From 02c2c519b838f1394c83633206a1ce8a64b58fb7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Mon, 16 Jun 2014 11:24:53 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 566/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140616-2=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... for Phones Activated on 10,000 Devices.md | 29 +++++++++++++++ ...hutter Updates with Bug Fixes, New Icon.md | 37 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 66 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu for Phones Activated on 10,000 Devices.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140616 Linux Screenshot App Shutter Updates with Bug Fixes, New Icon.md diff --git a/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu for Phones Activated on 10,000 Devices.md b/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu for Phones Activated on 10,000 Devices.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9f0085effc --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu for Phones Activated on 10,000 Devices.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +Ubuntu for Phones Activated on 10,000 Devices +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-for-Phones-Activated-on-10-000-Devices-446824-2.jpg) + +**Canonical has announced that their Ubuntu for phones operating system has been activated on 10,000 devices, marking an important milestone for the company.** + +Ubuntu for phones was announced at the beginning of 2013 and the development team has been working on it since then. It took them a while to get a functioning version and they've been improving it constantly. + +This new 10,000 milestone is important because company doesn't have devices shipping with the operating system. So far, only users with Nexus devices, phones and tablets, have been able to install it. This means a lot for an OS that you can only download. + +“Ubuntu phone (and tablet) users sign into their Ubuntu One account on their device in order to download or update the applications on their phone. This allows us to provide many useful features that users expect coming from Android or iOS, such as being able to re-install their collection of apps on a new phone or after resetting their current one, or browsing the store’s website (coming soon) and having the option to install an app directly to their device from there.” + +“As a side effect, it means we know how many unique Ubuntu One accounts have connected to the store to in order to download an app, and that number has this week passed the 10,000 mark,” [said][1] Canonical’s Michal Hall. + +Currently, user don’t have to delete their Android from their Nexus devices because it’s possible to dual boot, and there are even a few ways to do it. The first devices that will ship with Ubuntu preinstalled will arrive later this year, most likely before the holiday season, and the community’s interest is already at an all-high level. + +Canonical also created an Ubuntu SDK to help developers make apps for the new operating systems and there are already quite a few native apps that rival the ones on other platforms. They are not there yet, but they still have a few months until the official release and there is still plenty of time get a decent amount of applications and not just some web app replacements. + +If you have a Nexus 4 phones or a Nexus 7 tablet, you can install Ubuntu right now. It’s still rough around the edges and you might find it a little too different from what you were used to, but give it time and you will grow to like it. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-for-Phones-Activated-on-10-000-Devices-446824.shtml + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://developer.ubuntu.com/2014/06/10000-users-of-ubuntu-phone/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/20140616 Linux Screenshot App Shutter Updates with Bug Fixes, New Icon.md b/sources/tech/20140616 Linux Screenshot App Shutter Updates with Bug Fixes, New Icon.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4b41f73447 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140616 Linux Screenshot App Shutter Updates with Bug Fixes, New Icon.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +Linux Screenshot App Shutter Updates with Bug Fixes, New Icon +================================================================================ +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/shutter.jpg) + +**[Shutter][1], our favourite screenshot tool for Linux, has been updated with select bug fixes and a new application icon. ** + +The open-source and feature-rich screenshot utility allows you to snap sections of your desktop, app windows or the whole screen and add annotations, text or effects. + +Version 0.91 fixes a number of outstanding bugs, including an issue where thumbnails were not shown in the Session tab on 14.04, and removes the option to upload screenshots to Pixlr’s image hosting service ‘imm.io’, which was discontinued earlier this year. + +Finally, the update features a refined version of the familiar camera shutter application icon courtesy of artist Lucas Romero Di Benedetto. + +![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/compare-350x200.png) + +### Install Shutter 0.91 in Ubuntu ### + +Upgrading to the new version of Shutter is simple enough — providing you add the official PPA. [The Shutter PPA][2] provides new stable releases to Ubuntu 12.04 LTS, 13.10 and 14.04 LTS. + + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:shutter/ppa + + sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install shutter + +Don’t like PPAs? You can also download Debian installers from the download section on the project homepage. If you’re running Ubuntu 14.04 LTS you can grab the installer by hitting the button below. + +- [Download Shutter 0.91 for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS][3] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/06/shutter-0-91-new-icon + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/shutter/ +[2]:https://launchpad.net/~shutter/+archive/ppa +[3]:https://launchpad.net/~shutter/+archive/ppa/+files/shutter_0.91%7Eppa2%7Eubuntu14.04.1_all.deb \ No newline at end of file From 1dd8ad276e426bd278e5ca1eda05c57c9db269e2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Mon, 16 Jun 2014 12:58:31 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 567/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9ABash=20Getop?= =?UTF-8?q?ts--Scripts=20with=20Command=20Line=20Options?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @CNprober --- .../Bash Getopts--Scripts with Command Line Options.md | 4 +--- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 3 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/Bash Getopts--Scripts with Command Line Options.md (97%) diff --git a/translated/tech/Bash Getopts--Scripts with Command Line Options.md b/published/Bash Getopts--Scripts with Command Line Options.md similarity index 97% rename from translated/tech/Bash Getopts--Scripts with Command Line Options.md rename to published/Bash Getopts--Scripts with Command Line Options.md index da9c2c42d9..1d4e812272 100644 --- a/translated/tech/Bash Getopts--Scripts with Command Line Options.md +++ b/published/Bash Getopts--Scripts with Command Line Options.md @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -CNprober 翻译完成 - Bash Getopts - 让你的脚本支持命令行参数 ================================================================================ @@ -152,7 +150,7 @@ Bash Getopts - 让你的脚本支持命令行参数 via: http://tuxtweaks.com/2014/05/bash-getopts/ -译者：[daisy_love_daisy](https://github.com/CNprober) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者： CNprober \ 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From c7fef774bc0f4e8ae0f9a4b8442b0ed3dd111425 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Mon, 16 Jun 2014 13:41:51 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 568/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AHow=20to=20m?= =?UTF-8?q?onitor=20Nginx=20web=20server=20from=20the=20command=20line=20i?= =?UTF-8?q?n=20real=20time?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @shipsw 发布 --- ... server from the command line in real time.md | 16 ++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time.md (85%) diff --git a/translated/tech/How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time.md b/published/How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time.md similarity index 85% rename from translated/tech/How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time.md rename to published/How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time.md index 6d82634165..0aa26102b1 100644 --- a/translated/tech/How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time.md +++ b/published/How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time.md @@ -1,17 +1,17 @@ -如何使用命令行实时监控 Nginx 网站服务器 +ngxtop：在命令行实时监控 Nginx 的神器 ================================================================================ Nginx网站服务器在生产环境中[运行][1]的时候需要进行实时监控。实际上，诸如[Nagios][2], Zabbix, Munin 的网络监控软件是支持 Nginx 监控的。 如果你不需要以上软件提供的综合性报告或者长期数据统计功能，只是需要一种快速简便的办法去监控 Nginx 服务器的请求的话，我建议你采用一个叫 [ngxtop][3] 的命令行工具。 -你马上就会发现 ngxtop 从界面和名称都借鉴了著名的top命令。ngxtop 是通过分析 Nginx 或者其他的日志文件，使用类似 top 命令的界面实时展示出来的。你可以说你知道的其他高端监控工具，但是在简洁这方面 ngxtop 无疑是最好的。简单是不是就意味着不可替代。 +你马上就会发现 ngxtop 从界面和名称都借鉴了著名的top命令。ngxtop 是通过分析 Nginx 或者其他的日志文件，使用类似 top 命令的界面实时展示出来的。你可以说你知道的其他高端监控工具，但是在简洁这方面 ngxtop 无疑是最好的。简单就意味着不可替代。 本指南中，我将介绍如何使用 ngxtop 实时监控 Nginx 网站服务器。 ### Linux 上安装 ngxtop ### -首先在 Linux 系统中安装依赖库[pip][4]。 +首先在 Linux 系统中安装依赖库[pip][4]（LCTT译注：ngxtop是用python编写的）。 然后使用如下命令安装 ngxtop。 @@ -27,12 +27,12 @@ Nginx网站服务器在生产环境中[运行][1]的时候需要进行实时监 这里是一些通用选项。 -- **-l **: 日志文件的完整路径 (Nginx 或 Apache2) +- **-l **: 指定日志文件的完整路径 (Nginx 或 Apache2) - **-f **: 日志格式 -- **--no-follow**: 处理当前日志文件的快照，而不是实时处理日志文件 +- **--no-follow**: 处理当前已经写入的日志文件，而不是实时处理新添加到日志文件的日志 - **-t **: 更新频率 -- **-n **: 命令显示行数 -- **-o **: 排序规则(默认 行数) +- **-n **: 显示行号 +- **-o **: 排序规则(默认是访问计数) - **-a ..., --a ...**: 添加表达式(一般是聚合表达式如： sum, avg, min, max 等)到输出中。 - **-v**: 输出详细信息 - **-i **: 只处理符合规则的记录 @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ ngxtop 默认会从其配置文件 (/etc/nginx/nginx.conf) 中查找 Nginx 日 via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/06/monitor-nginx-web-server-command-line-real-time.html -译者：[shipsw](https://github.com/shipsw) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[shipsw](https://github.com/shipsw) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 24c2abae22f125ada5fc53bf2b050e9ab1c85eaa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Mon, 16 Jun 2014 14:04:45 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 569/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140616-3=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md | 38 ++++++++++++++++ ...o Install Numix Icon Theme In Fedora 20.md | 45 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 83 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140616 How To Install Numix Icon Theme In Fedora 20.md diff --git a/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md b/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..885e80f7bb --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download +================================================================================ +![Unity 8′s tablet face](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/1.jpg) +Unity 8′s tablet face + +**Desktop builds of Ubuntu 14.10 using Unity 8 and Mir by default have [been made available][1] to download — not that most users will want to.** + +Plans for a separate Unity 8 desktop flavour were [discussed last month][2]. The aim of the images is to provide developers and testers with a means to identify and document the types of changes needed to tailor both fledgling technologies to traditional desktop usage. + +What these images are not is any sort of stable consumer release ready for production testing. These builds are, and will continue to be, highly unstable, buggy and in a state of feature flux from now up until October — and possibly beyond. Anyone expecting a polished, useable or ‘converged’ desktop will be sorely disappointed as the Unity 8 desktop ISO currently uses the Tablet UI. + +### Work Getting Underway ### + +Work on building competent window management features into Mir and Unity 8 is only just getting underway. Similarly, since desktop-grade graphics chips are yet to add Mir compatible GPU drivers the experience will vary wildly between hardware and users. Virtual machine support is also not a given. + +As Unity 8 on the desktop starts to come together users won’t be presented with a UI too dissimilar to what they’re used to, hinted Ubuntu’s founder Mark Shuttleworth in a recent video Q&A. + +This is good news. Microsoft tried to foist a tablet, touch-orientated UI on desktop users with Windows 8. Reception was mixed and the critical mauling severe. It has had to continually issue “refinements” — ‘concessions’ if you want to be cynical — to counter the complaints. + +### Download Unity 8 Desktop Builds ### + +Regular Ubuntu 14.10, due for release on October 23, will continue to be based on X.Org, Compiz and Unity 7. Unity 8 running on Mir is expected to be made default desktop before the next LTS, due in April 2016. + +Largely unusable at this point, the images linked to below are designed primarily to assist developers test and improve, not help Joe User spin TARDIS-style to Ubuntu’s future. + +- [Download Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 (.iso)][3] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/06/unity-8-daily-build-images-go-live + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://blueprints.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+spec/client-1410-unity8-desktop-iso +[2]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/ubuntu-unity-8-desktop-flavour-discussed +[3]:http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-desktop-next/daily-live/current/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/20140616 How To Install Numix Icon Theme In Fedora 20.md b/sources/tech/20140616 How To Install Numix Icon Theme In Fedora 20.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f842ef6f88 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140616 How To Install Numix Icon Theme In Fedora 20.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +How To Install Numix Icon Theme In Fedora 20 +================================================================================ +[Numix Themes][1] have been around for a while now and I think most of us know about it. In a previous post, I’ve written about [how to install Numix theme and other community forks on Manjaro Linux][2]. + +Today we’re going to do same on Fedora 20. + +First of we need to install **fedy** which will help us in this installation. If you currently don’t have Fedy installed on your Fedora system, [follow our previous tutorial on how to install it][3]. + +### Installing Numix themes ### + +Open Terminal and run the command below (Make sure you have installed fedy). + + sudo fedy -e numix_themes + +![sudo fedy -e numix_themes](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/sudo-fedy-e-numix_themes.png) + +### Install Gnome Tweak Tool ### + + sudo yum install gnome-tweak-tool + +Launch Gnome Tweak Tools: + +![Gnome_Tweak_tool_launch](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Gnome_Tweak_tool_launch.png) + +Now change all the settings under Appearance to point Numix as shown in the Fig. below. + +![Numix_apply_done](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Numix_apply_done.png) + +You’re done! + +![Fedora 20 Numix Enock Seth](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Fedora-20-Numix-Enock-Seth.png) + +Enjoy! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.unixmen.com/install-numix-icon-theme-fedora-20/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://numixproject.org/ +[2]:http://www.unixmen.com/install-numix-icon-theme-manjaro-linux/ +[3]:http://www.unixmen.com/tweak-fedora-system-using-fedy/ \ No newline at end of file From fd9e77db52b723d8c919bd0cf6f36e888b2f4843 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Mon, 16 Jun 2014 14:22:32 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 570/601] Update 20140616 How To Install Numix Icon Theme In Fedora 20.md --- .../20140616 How To Install Numix Icon Theme In Fedora 20.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140616 How To Install Numix Icon Theme In Fedora 20.md b/sources/tech/20140616 How To Install Numix Icon Theme In Fedora 20.md index f842ef6f88..0c145c5639 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140616 How To Install Numix Icon Theme In Fedora 20.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140616 How To Install Numix Icon Theme In Fedora 20.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +Translating by GoLinux ... How To Install Numix Icon Theme In Fedora 20 ================================================================================ [Numix Themes][1] have been around for a while now and I think most of us know about it. In a previous post, I’ve written about [how to install Numix theme and other community forks on Manjaro Linux][2]. @@ -42,4 +43,4 @@ via: http://www.unixmen.com/install-numix-icon-theme-fedora-20/ [1]:http://numixproject.org/ [2]:http://www.unixmen.com/install-numix-icon-theme-manjaro-linux/ -[3]:http://www.unixmen.com/tweak-fedora-system-using-fedy/ \ No newline at end of file +[3]:http://www.unixmen.com/tweak-fedora-system-using-fedy/ From f17ef079ecdb566a1e3d1907139e9a3f8f75e63f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: GOLinux Date: Mon, 16 Jun 2014 14:42:49 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 571/601] Translated:Numix Theme --- ...o Install Numix Icon Theme In Fedora 20.md | 45 ------------------- ...o Install Numix Icon Theme In Fedora 20.md | 45 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 45 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20140616 How To Install Numix Icon Theme In Fedora 20.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20140616 How To Install Numix Icon Theme In Fedora 20.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20140616 How To Install Numix Icon Theme In Fedora 20.md b/sources/tech/20140616 How To Install Numix Icon Theme In Fedora 20.md deleted file mode 100644 index f842ef6f88..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20140616 How To Install Numix Icon Theme In Fedora 20.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,45 +0,0 @@ -How To Install Numix Icon Theme In Fedora 20 -================================================================================ -[Numix Themes][1] have been around for a while now and I think most of us know about it. In a previous post, I’ve written about [how to install Numix theme and other community forks on Manjaro Linux][2]. - -Today we’re going to do same on Fedora 20. - -First of we need to install **fedy** which will help us in this installation. If you currently don’t have Fedy installed on your Fedora system, [follow our previous tutorial on how to install it][3]. - -### Installing Numix themes ### - -Open Terminal and run the command below (Make sure you have installed fedy). - - sudo fedy -e numix_themes - -![sudo fedy -e numix_themes](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/sudo-fedy-e-numix_themes.png) - -### Install Gnome Tweak Tool ### - - sudo yum install gnome-tweak-tool - -Launch Gnome Tweak Tools: - -![Gnome_Tweak_tool_launch](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Gnome_Tweak_tool_launch.png) - -Now change all the settings under Appearance to point Numix as shown in the Fig. below. - -![Numix_apply_done](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Numix_apply_done.png) - -You’re done! - -![Fedora 20 Numix Enock Seth](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Fedora-20-Numix-Enock-Seth.png) - -Enjoy! - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.unixmen.com/install-numix-icon-theme-fedora-20/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://numixproject.org/ -[2]:http://www.unixmen.com/install-numix-icon-theme-manjaro-linux/ -[3]:http://www.unixmen.com/tweak-fedora-system-using-fedy/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/tech/20140616 How To Install Numix Icon Theme In Fedora 20.md b/translated/tech/20140616 How To Install Numix Icon Theme In Fedora 20.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3b2aa15f6b --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20140616 How To Install Numix Icon Theme In Fedora 20.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +Numix图标主题张冠李戴，Fedora 20劲爆酷爽 +================================================================================ +[Numix主题][1]现在已经风行了有一段时间了，我想我们大多数人都知道它。在上一篇稿子中，我们已经讨论了[在Manjaro Linux上安装Numix主题和其它社区分支][2]。 + +今天，我们打算在Fedora 20上搞点相同的花样出来。 + +我们首先需要安装**fedy**，这个东西将帮助我们一起来干这事。如果你现在还没在你的Fedora系统上安上Fedy，那么[追随我们前一教程的脚步来安装它][3]。 + +### 安装Numix主题 ### + +打开终端，把下面的命令跑一遍吧（确定你已经安装了fedy了吧）。 + + sudo fedy -e numix_themes + +![sudo fedy -e numix_themes](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/sudo-fedy-e-numix_themes.png) + +### 安装Gnome优化工具 ### + + sudo yum install gnome-tweak-tool + +启动Gnome优化工具： + +![Gnome_Tweak_tool_launch](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Gnome_Tweak_tool_launch.png) + +现在修改外观设置下的所有设置，把他们全都指向Numix吧，就像下面的图表中那样。 + +![Numix_apply_done](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Numix_apply_done.png) + +你已经搞定了！ + +![Fedora 20 Numix Enock Seth](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Fedora-20-Numix-Enock-Seth.png) + +尽情爽吧！ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.unixmen.com/install-numix-icon-theme-fedora-20/ + +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://numixproject.org/ +[2]:http://www.unixmen.com/install-numix-icon-theme-manjaro-linux/ +[3]:http://www.unixmen.com/tweak-fedora-system-using-fedy/ From b0d9b5ceb1ab7a2485b4eaaa3a81a73f40b35583 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Mon, 16 Jun 2014 14:58:15 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 572/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140616-4=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...to Rescue a Non-booting GRUB 2 on Linux.md | 128 +++++++++++++++ ...16 How to diskless boot a Linux machine.md | 150 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 278 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140616 How to Rescue a Non-booting GRUB 2 on Linux.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140616 How to diskless boot a Linux machine.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20140616 How to Rescue a Non-booting GRUB 2 on Linux.md b/sources/tech/20140616 How to Rescue a Non-booting GRUB 2 on Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2317067c92 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140616 How to Rescue a Non-booting GRUB 2 on Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@ +How to Rescue a Non-booting GRUB 2 on Linux +================================================================================ +![Figure 1: GRUB 2 menu with cool Apollo 17 background.](http://www.linux.com/images/stories/41373/grub-command-shell.jpg) +Figure 1: GRUB 2 menu with cool Apollo 17 background. + +Once upon a time we had legacy GRUB, the Grand Unified Linux Bootloader version 0.97. Legacy GRUB had many virtues, but it became old and its developers did yearn for more functionality, and thus did GRUB 2 come into the world. + +GRUB 2 is a major rewrite with several significant differences. It boots removable media, and can be configured with an option to enter your system BIOS. It's more complicated to configure with all kinds of scripts to wade through, and instead of having a nice fairly simple `/boot/grub/menu.lst` file with all configurations in one place, the default is `/boot/grub/grub.cfg`. Which you don't edit directly, oh no, for this is not for mere humans to touch, but only other scripts. We lowly humans may edit `/etc/default/grub`, which controls mainly the appearance of the GRUB menu. We may also edit the scripts in `/etc/grub.d/`. These are the scripts that boot your operating systems, control external applications such as memtest and os_prober, and theming`./boot/grub/grub.cfg` is built from `/etc/default/grub` and `/etc/grub.d/*` when you run the update-grub command, which you must run every time you make changes. + +The good news is that the update-grub script is reliable for finding kernels, boot files, and adding all operating systems to your GRUB boot menu, so you don't have to do it manually. + +We're going to learn how to fix two of the more common failures. When you boot up your system and it stops at the grub> prompt, that is the full GRUB 2 command shell. That means GRUB 2 started normally and loaded the normal.mod module (and other modules which are located in /boot/grub/[arch]/), but it didn't find your grub.cfg file. If you see grub rescue> that means it couldn't find normal.mod, so it probably couldn't find any of your boot files. + +How does this happen? The kernel might have changed drive assignments or you moved your hard drives, you changed some partitions, or installed a new operating system and moved things around. In these scenarios your boot files are still there, but GRUB can't find them. So you can look for your boot files at the GRUB prompt, set their locations, and then boot your system and fix your GRUB configuration. + +### GRUB 2 Command Shell ### + +The GRUB 2 command shell is just as powerful as the shell in legacy GRUB. You can use it to discover boot images, kernels, and root filesystems. In fact, it gives you complete access to all filesystems on the local machine regardless of permissions or other protections. Which some might consider a security hole, but you know the old Unix dictum: whoever has physical access to the machine owns it. + +When you're at the `grub>` prompt, you have a lot of functionality similar to any command shell such as history and tab-completion. The `grub rescue>` mode is more limited, with no history and no tab-completion. + +If you are practicing on a functioning system, press C when your GRUB boot menu appears to open the GRUB command shell. You can stop the bootup countdown by scrolling up and down your menu entries with the arrow keys. It is safe to experiment at the GRUB command line because nothing you do there is permanent. If you are already staring at the `grub>` or `grub rescue>`prompt then you're ready to rock. + +The next few commands work with both `grub>` and `grub rescue>`. The first command you should run invokes the pager, for paging long command outputs: + + grub> set pager=1 + +There must be no spaces on either side of the equals sign. Now let's do a little exploring. Type ls to list all partitions that GRUB sees: + + grub> ls + (hd0) (hd0,msdos2) (hd0,msdos1) + +What's all this msdos stuff? That means this system has the old-style MS-DOS partition table, rather than the shiny new Globally Unique Identifiers partition table (GPT). (See [Using the New GUID Partition Table in Linux (Goodbye Ancient MBR)][1]. If you're running GPT it will say (hd0,gpt1). Now let's snoop. Use the ls command to see what files are on your system: + + grub> ls (hd0,1)/ + lost+found/ bin/ boot/ cdrom/ dev/ etc/ home/ lib/ + lib64/ media/ mnt/ opt/ proc/ root/ run/ sbin/ + srv/ sys/ tmp/ usr/ var/ vmlinuz vmlinuz.old + initrd.img initrd.img.old + +Hurrah, we have found the root filesystem. You can omit the msdos and gpt labels. If you leave off the slash it will print information about the partition. You can read any file on the system with the cat command: + + grub> cat (hd0,1)/etc/issue + Ubuntu 14.04 LTS \n \l + +Reading /etc/issue could be useful on a multi-boot system for identifying your various Linuxes. + +### Booting From grub> ### + +This is how to set the boot files and boot the system from the grub> prompt. We know from running the ls command that there is a Linux root filesystem on (hd0,1), and you can keep searching until you verify where /boot/grub is. Then run these commands, using your own root partition, kernel, and initrd image: + + grub> set root=(hd0,1) + grub> linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic root=/dev/sda1 + grub> initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic + grub> boot + +The first line sets the partition that the root filesystem is on. The second line tells GRUB the location of the kernel you want to use. Start typing /boot/vmli, and then use tab-completion to fill in the rest. Type root=/dev/sdX to set the location of the root filesystem. Yes, this seems redundant, but if you leave this out you'll get a kernel panic. How do you know the correct partition? hd0,1 = /dev/sda1. hd1,1 = /dev/sdb1. hd3,2 = /dev/sdd2. I think you can extrapolate the rest. + +The third line sets the initrd file, which must be the same version number as the kernel. + +The fourth line boots your system. + +On some Linux systems the current kernels and initrds are symlinked into the top level of the root filesystem: + + $ ls -l / + vmlinuz -> boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic + initrd.img -> boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic + +So you could boot from grub> like this: + + grub> set root=(hd0,1) + grub> linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/sda1 + grub> initrd /initrd.img + grub> boot + +### Booting From grub-rescue> ### + +If you're in the GRUB rescue shell the commands are different, and you have to load the normal.mod andlinux.mod modules: + + grub rescue> set prefix=(hd0,1)/boot/grub + grub rescue> set root=(hd0,1) + grub rescue> insmod normal + grub rescue> normal + grub rescue> insmod linux + grub rescue> linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic root=/dev/sda1 + grub rescue> initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic + grub rescue> boot + +Tab-completion should start working after you load both modules. + +### Making Permanent Repairs ### + +When you have successfully booted your system, run these commands to fix GRUB permanently: + + # update-grub + Generating grub configuration file ... + Found background: /usr/share/images/grub/Apollo_17_The_Last_Moon_Shot_Edit1.tga + Found background image: /usr/share/images/grub/Apollo_17_The_Last_Moon_Shot_Edit1.tga + Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic + Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic + Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-27-generic + Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-27-generic + Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic + Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic + Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf + Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin + done + # grub-install /dev/sda + Installing for i386-pc platform. + Installation finished. No error reported. + +When you run grub-install remember you're installing it to the boot sector of your hard drive and not to a partition, so do not use a partition number like /dev/sda1. + +### But It Still Doesn't Work ### + +If your system is so messed up that none of this works, try the [Super GRUB2 live rescue disk][2]. The official [GNU GRUB Manual 2.00][3] should also be helpful. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.linux.com/learn/tutorials/776643-how-to-rescue-a-non-booting-grub-2-on-linux + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.linux.com/learn/tutorials/730440-using-the-new-guid-partition-table-in-linux-good-bye-ancient-mbr- +[2]:http://www.supergrubdisk.org/ +[3]:https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/grub.html \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/20140616 How to diskless boot a Linux machine.md b/sources/tech/20140616 How to diskless boot a Linux machine.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..86870d7d55 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140616 How to diskless boot a Linux machine.md @@ -0,0 +1,150 @@ +How to diskless boot a Linux machine +================================================================================ +Diskless booting implies that a client computer does not have any disk storage when booting an operating system. In that case, the computer can load the kernel as well as the root filesystem from a remote NFS server over network. It may use several different methods to load the kernel and the root filesystem from an NFS server: RARP, BOOTP or DHCP protocols. In this tutorial, I will use BOOTP/DHCP protocol because they are supported by many network cards. + +### Advantage of Diskless Computers ### + +Imagine you have 30 computers in your office, all of which need to access the same application. If you are managing the computers as an administrator, what would you do? It will be a waste of your time if you install the application on every computer. On the other hand, a diskless system can eliminate the problem. With a diskless system, you just need to install the application on a central NFS server, and then boot all 30 clients over network. + +### Requirements ### + +Two or more Linux computers equipped with network cards that support DHCP protocol. The computer that will act as an NFS server should have a hard drive, and the other client computer(s) do not need any hard drive. The server and client computer(s) need to be connected to the same local network. + +There are five steps to setting up the diskless system. + +1. Install required packages +1. Configure a TFTP server +1. Configure a DHCP server +1. Configure an NFS server +1. Booting diskless clients + +In this tutorial, I assume that the computer which will run as a booting server is running Ubuntu. If you are using other Linux distribution, the principle is the same. + +### Step One: Install Required Packages ### + +Use apt-get to install all necessary packages as follows. + + $ sudo apt-get install dhcp3-server tftpd-hpa syslinux nfs-kernel-server initramfs-tools + +### Step Two: Configure a TFTP Server ### + +TFTP server is a small FTP server which is needed for automated transfer of boot files between a client computer and server in the local network. + +Add the following lines to /etc/default/tftpd-hpa + + RUN_DAEMON="yes" + OPTIONS="-l -s /var/lib/tftpboot/" + +Next, create a boot directory. + + $ sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg + +Copy the bootstrap ROM. + + $ sudo cp /usr/lib/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot + +Create a default boot configuration file as follows. + + $ sudo vi /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default + +---------- + + LABEL Ubuntu + KERNEL vmlinuz + APPEND root=/dev/nfs initrd=initrd.img nfsroot=10.10.101.1:/nfsroot ip=dhcp rw + +Note: + +- "root=/dev/nfs" means the network filesystem on the server (doesn't need to change). +- "initrd=initrd.img" is a boot script for system startup. +- "nfsroot=10.10.101.1/nfsroot" indicates the server's IP address and the NFS share folder name. Substitute the IP address with your server's address. +- "ip=dhcp" means that client computers use DHCP addressing scheme. +- "rw" means that the NFS share is read/write. + +Finally, restart the TFTPD service. + + sudo /etc/init.d/tftpd-hpa restart + +### Step Three: Configure DHCP Service ### + +You also need to configure DHCP service on the NFS server to allow booting with /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0. Your configuration might look like the following, assuming you using subnet 10.10.101.0. + + $ sudo vi /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf + +---------- + + allow booting; + allow bootp; + + subnet 10.10.101.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { + range 10.10.101.2 10.10.101.254; + option broadcast-address 10.10.101.255; + option routers 10.10.101.1; + filename "/pxelinux.0"; + } + +Then restart DHCP service. + + $ sudo service isc-dhcp-server restart + +### Step Four: Configure an NFS server ### + +Create a directory that holds the client root filesystem. + + $ sudo mkdir /nfsroot + +Next, configure the NFS server to export the client root filesystem. For that, add the following line to /etc/exports. + + /nfsroot *(rw,no_root_squash,async,insecure,no_subtree_check) + +Run the following command to reload modified /etc/exports. + + $ sudo exportfs -rv + +By default, Ubuntu does not add network boot support to the initrd image. Thus you need to create a new initrd.img file. For that, first add the following line to /etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf + + BOOT=nfs + MODULES=netboot + +Then run the following command to create a new initrd.img. + + $ sudo mkinitramfs -o /var/lib/tftpboot/initrd.img + +Copy the new kernel image to /var/lib/tftpboot. + +$ sudo cp /boot/vmlinuz-`uname -r` /var/lib/tfftpboot/vmlinuz +Now it is time to copy the entire root filesystem to /nfsroot. + +Assuming tgat you are using a fresh Ubuntu server installation, you just need to clone the server filesystem to the NFS root. + + $ sudo cp -ax / /nfsroot + +Then open /nfsroot/etc/fstab with a text editor to add the following line. + + /dev/nfs / nfs defaults 1 1 + +The directory /var/lib/tftpboot should have world read/write permissions. Otherwise the client would not be able to boot from network. + + $ sudo chmod -R 777 /var/lib/tfftpboot + +Lastly, to avoid any misconfiguration on the server, I recommend using a static IP address for the interface which DHCP service is running on. For example, if its network interface is named eth0, your configuration in /etc/network/interfaces should look like this: + + iface eth0 inet static + address 10.10.101.1 + netmask 255.255.255.0 + broadcast 10.10.101.255 + network 10.10.101.0 + +### Step Five: Booting a Diskless Client ### + +After you completed the configuration on the server. Boot your client from network. To boot from network, you typically need to change the boot order priority in your BIOS configuration. + +If a client booted successful, then your diskless environment is ready. You can add one or more client computers without changing anything. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/06/diskless-boot-linux-machine.html + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file From 80f02aa1dd65e99209e4da65fa796b54df232d0a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Mon, 16 Jun 2014 16:24:14 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 573/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140616-5=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... Managing Vim extensions with NeoBundle.md | 86 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 86 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140616 Managing Vim extensions with NeoBundle.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20140616 Managing Vim extensions with NeoBundle.md b/sources/tech/20140616 Managing Vim extensions with NeoBundle.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..34e28ae657 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140616 Managing Vim extensions with NeoBundle.md @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +Managing Vim extensions with NeoBundle +================================================================================ +[NeoBundle][1] is a third-generation extension manager for [Vim][2], building on [Vundle][3], which builds on [Pathogen][4]. In an earlier article, I [advised against using Neobundle][5] because of its rapid development and minimal English documentation. Now, more than a year later, both problems are more manageable. + +Why use an extension manager? Vim supports a healthy number of plugins, but its unmodified structure makes administering them difficult because extension files can be spread over several directories. Vim extension managers simplify things. Pathogen, Vundle, and NeoBundle create the directory ~/.vim/bundle, with a separate subdirectory for all the files of each extension. This structure allows users to easily and thoroughly delete extensions, either manually or via a file manager, and helps minimize potential conflicts when you have a couple of dozen extensions. + +NeoBundle openly models itself on Vundle. Like Vundle, it both installs and updates extensions. However, the help file openly admits that "Neobundle is not a stable plugin manager. If you want [a] stable plugin manager, you should use Vundle." New releases, the help warns, "may break compatibility" – a comment that is less than reassuring, coming from the developers. + +So why should you use NeoBundle? One reason is that Vundle works only with [Git][6], while NeoBundle also supports [Subversion][7] and [Mercurial][8] repositories. Another reason is that, if you want to keep extension updates from breaking your Vim ecosystem, you can lock NeoBundle so that it uses only a specific version of any particular extension. + +In addition, NeoBundle's creator, Shougo Matsuishita, is adding its command structures to several other extensions in order to reduce the list of commands they use. Currently, NeoBundle supports three such extensions: [unite.vim][9], a file and buffer manager that works within Vim; [vimshell.vim][10], a scripting shell for Vim; and [vimproc.vim][11], which works within vimshell.vim to allow asynchronous events. That's an idiosyncratic collection, and all three are poorly documented in English, so average users may wish to forgo them. Before tackling any of them, most users should focus on the basics of NeoBundle. + +### Installing and initializing NeoBundle ### + +NeoBundle requires Vim 7.2.051 or higher and requires git be installed, and depends on [cURL][12] for downloading files. You can install NeoBundle manually, but the fast way to install it is to clone its repository on GitHub using cURL. From your home directory, enter the following command to copy the files for NeoBundle into .vim/bundle/neobundle.vim, where the extension can manage itself: + + curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Shougo/neobundle.vim/master/bin/install.sh | sh + +You also need to modify your .vimrc file. NeoBundle's GitHub page offers a sample .vimrc file, but copying it means installing five plugins you may not want. This is the minimal content that you need: + + if has('vim_starting') + set nocompatible + set runtimepath+=~/.vim/bundle/neobundle.vim/ + call neobundle#begin(expand('~/.vim/bundle/')) + NeoBundleFetch 'Shougo/neobundle.vim' + call neobundle#end() + filetype plugin indent on + +These lines set up and start NeoBundle, and set NeoBundle to update itself just like any other plugin. NeoBundle defaults to updating itself from GitHub repositories, so if you use GitHub, all you have to do is specify the maintainer's username and the directory for the plugin; in the lines above, NeoBundleFetch needs to specify only "Shougo/neobundle.vim" instead of the complete path on GitHub. If you want to use another site instead, including one that supports Subversion or Mecurial, you need to add the complete URL to the repository. + +If you want to install other NeoBundle plugins, use this generic form: + + curl -k https://github.com/[MAINTAINER]/ [PLUGIN PATH] > ~/.vim/bundle/[PLUGIN PATH] + +or, to give a more specific example, you can install the [vim-abolish plugin][13], a super-charged search and replace extension, with the command + + curl -k https://github.com/tpope/vim-abolish > ~/.vim/bundle/abolish + +To have the extension updated automatically, add a line below the NeoBundleFetch line that gives the path to its repository. For example: + + NeoBundle 'tpope/vim-abolish' + +Optionally, you can specify a particular branch or revision of NeoBundle to use, preventing any updates. This option can be useful if you are using extensions that are in rapid development and you want to avoid having them break when you update any other extensions. For instance: + + NeoBundle 'Shougo/vimshell', { 'rev' : '3787e5' } + +Another option is to place the directive NeoBundleCheck on a line at the end of the NeoBundle stanza in .vimrc. When this line is present, NeoBundle checks for uninstalled bundles and prompts you to install them. You can also run the utility `:NeoBundleInstall` from within NeoBundle to initialize or update installed extensions. + +### NeoBundle utilities ### + +Many of NeoBundle's utilities function similarly to Vundle's, but they are differently named. You use the utilities to administer plugins from within NeoBundle: + +- Run `:NeoBundleUpdate` when you install or update extensions, and when you manually remove an extension's files. It can be followed by a specific plugin, such as "/Shougo/neobundle.vim," or without a plugin name to configure all plugins that are installed but not configured. The command NeoBundleInstall! provides the same functionality. +- `:NeoBundle {REPOSITORY URI} [[REVISION}] [,OPTIONS}]]` configures an extension while locking it into a specified version, preventing any updates. +- `:NeoBundleList` lists unintialized extensions. +- `:NeoBundleClean` runs an interactive utility for removing unused extensions. + +These utilities are also available in slightly different forms when you run NeoBundle with unite.vim. You can learn more about the utilities in all their forms by running the command `:help neobundle`. + + Deciding whether to use NeoBundle + +NeoBundle is a powerful tool, but its seemingly permanent state of rapid development can be a blessing or a curse, depending on your preferences. If you want the latest features and extensions, NeoBundle can make Vundle and Pathogen look decidedly old-fashioned. + +However, with the online help itself warning of instability, ignoring the possibility of the latest version of one extension interfering with the proper functioning of another would be rash. At the very least, you should specify in your .vimrc a version of NeoBundle that you know to be stable. You might also do the same for any extension that you use regularly. With this precaution, you can enjoy following the development of NeoBundle and its related extensions while avoiding the consequence of working on the bleeding edge. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.openlogic.com/wazi/bid/348084/Managing-Vim-extensions-with-NeoBundle + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://github.com/Shougo/neobundle.vim +[2]:http://olex.openlogic.com/packages/vim +[3]:https://github.com/gmarik/Vundle.vim +[4]:https://github.com/tpope/vim-pathogen +[5]:http://www.openlogic.com/wazi/bid/262302/Three-tools-for-managing-Vim-plugins +[6]:http://olex.openlogic.com/packages/git +[7]:http://olex.openlogic.com/packages/subversion +[8]:http://olex.openlogic.com/packages/mercurial +[9]:https://github.com/Shougo/unite.vim +[10]:https://github.com/Shougo/vimshell.vim/blob/master/doc/vimshell.txt +[11]:https://github.com/Shougo/vimproc.vim/blob/master/doc/vimproc.txt +[12]:http://olex.openlogic.com/packages/curl +[13]:https://github.com/tpope/vim-abolish \ No newline at end of file From f5e167831e6c8a1d3787ac546496cd93d06050c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: shipsw Date: Mon, 16 Jun 2014 20:18:51 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 574/601] Update 20140616 Linux Screenshot App Shutter Updates with Bug Fixes, New Icon.md Translating by shipsw --- ...Screenshot App Shutter Updates with Bug Fixes, New Icon.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140616 Linux Screenshot App Shutter Updates with Bug Fixes, New Icon.md b/sources/tech/20140616 Linux Screenshot App Shutter Updates with Bug Fixes, New Icon.md index 4b41f73447..befaf9834a 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140616 Linux Screenshot App Shutter Updates with Bug Fixes, New Icon.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140616 Linux Screenshot App Shutter Updates with Bug Fixes, New Icon.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +Translating by shipsw + Linux Screenshot App Shutter Updates with Bug Fixes, New Icon ================================================================================ ![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/shutter.jpg) @@ -34,4 +36,4 @@ via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/06/shutter-0-91-new-icon [1]:https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/shutter/ [2]:https://launchpad.net/~shutter/+archive/ppa -[3]:https://launchpad.net/~shutter/+archive/ppa/+files/shutter_0.91%7Eppa2%7Eubuntu14.04.1_all.deb \ No newline at end of file +[3]:https://launchpad.net/~shutter/+archive/ppa/+files/shutter_0.91%7Eppa2%7Eubuntu14.04.1_all.deb From 17a0730aa323501780357fc6a0ae26d30ab07866 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: zsJacky Date: Mon, 16 Jun 2014 23:30:10 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 575/601] zsJacky translating --- sources/tech/20140616 How to diskless boot a Linux machine.md | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140616 How to diskless boot a Linux machine.md b/sources/tech/20140616 How to diskless boot a Linux machine.md index 86870d7d55..37d980bc8d 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140616 How to diskless boot a Linux machine.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140616 How to diskless boot a Linux machine.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +zsJacky translating + How to diskless boot a Linux machine ================================================================================ Diskless booting implies that a client computer does not have any disk storage when booting an operating system. In that case, the computer can load the kernel as well as the root filesystem from a remote NFS server over network. It may use several different methods to load the kernel and the root filesystem from an NFS server: RARP, BOOTP or DHCP protocols. In this tutorial, I will use BOOTP/DHCP protocol because they are supported by many network cards. From 1105381dec4e4ab18fa232711360f45e8c81f34e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Tue, 17 Jun 2014 00:42:46 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 576/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9A20140604=20C?= =?UTF-8?q?ommand=20line=20secrets?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @johnhoow --- published/20140604 Command line secrets.md | 42 +++++++++++++++++++ .../tech/20140604 Command line secrets.md | 25 ----------- 2 files changed, 42 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/20140604 Command line secrets.md delete mode 100644 translated/tech/20140604 Command line secrets.md diff --git a/published/20140604 Command line secrets.md b/published/20140604 Command line secrets.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0717b6e6a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20140604 Command line secrets.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +命令行之秘 +================================================================================ +有很多使用命令行的理由。正如我们在[issue 3 of Linux Voice][1]中展示的那样，它是与你的计算机交互的最强大和简明的方法。但是，我们还是先来看一下命令行的一些隐晦的使用场景（或许有些人会觉得没有意义）。 + +### 浏览网页 ### + +Firefox和Chromium都是很好的浏览器，但是你有没有发现它们有点太图形化了？没有？看一下下面的视频，我们使用elinks web浏览器显示了与黑客相关的新闻。界面可能没有其他浏览器好看，但是它的目标是显示绝大多数的web页面！ + + + +作为一个极客，当你只有SSH连接方式时，需要快速检查一下能否访问网页时，这将是一个很便利的方法。 + +### 在维基百科上查找想要的信息 ### + +是的，上面我们已经提到了使用Web，但是web不是查看维基百科的唯一方式。David Leadbeater已经构建了一个将维基百科的内容放入DNS记录的DNS服务器。这能够让你使用像dig这样的命令行工具来抓取你想要的信息。 + + + +### 看电影 ### + +当你想要看《星球大战 4 ：新的希望》时，不再需要使用Netflix或者YouTube，只要在你的终端中直接telnet towel.blinkenlights.nl就行了。 + + + +### 玩游戏 ### + +再Steam来之前Linux下就有许多游戏，并且很多都不需要图形界面，比如NetHack、Robots和Greed。下面是Moon Buggy 的一个演示： + + + +LCTT译注：大家注意到这篇文章中的视频了么？不是通常的FLA，也不是MP4、AVI。而是一个专门演示脚本“功夫”的一个网站提供的：http://shelr.tv/ ，欢迎大家也去演练下你的脚本功夫吧！ +LCTT译注：为了正常呈现，我专门临时打开了网站对IFRAME的限制。。。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.linuxvoice.com/commandline-secrets/ + +译者：[johnhoow](https://github.com/johnhoow ) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.linuxvoice.com/issue-3-is-out/ diff --git a/translated/tech/20140604 Command line secrets.md b/translated/tech/20140604 Command line secrets.md deleted file mode 100644 index f3181779df..0000000000 --- a/translated/tech/20140604 Command line secrets.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,25 +0,0 @@ -命令行的秘密 -================================================================================ -有很多使用命令行的理由.它是与你的计算机交互的最强大和简明的方法,正如我们在[issue 3 of Linux Voice][1]中展示的那样.但是,我们决定先来看一下命令行的一些隐晦的使用场景(或许有些人会觉得没有意义). -### 浏览网页 ### -Firefox和Chromium都是很好的浏览器,但是你有没有发现它们有点太图像化了?没有?看一下下面的视频,我们使用elinks web浏览器显示了与黑客相关的新闻.界面可能没有其他浏览器好看,但是它能够显示更多的web页面. - -当你只想在你通过SSH方式登录的计算机上检查一下能否上网的时候,这将是一个很便利的方法. -### 在维基百科上查找想要的信息 ### -是的,上文我们已经提到了使用Web,但是web不是查看维基百科的唯一方式.David Leadbeater已经构建了一个将维基百科DNS入口提取出来的DNS服务器.这能够让你使用想dig这样的命令行工具来抓取你想要的信息. - -### 看电影 ### -当你想要看Star Wars Episode IV时,不再需要使用Netflix或者YouTube,只要在你的终端中直接telnet towel.blinkenlights.nl就行了. - -### 玩游戏 ### -再Steam来之前Linux下就有许多游戏,并且很多都不需要图形界面比如NetHack,Robots和Greed. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.linuxvoice.com/commandline-secrets/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.linuxvoice.com/issue-3-is-out/ From 612134d0c163341233104ecab6bd38a5a66a12b0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: runningwater Date: Tue, 17 Jun 2014 00:59:40 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 577/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- sources/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md | 143 --------- translated/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md | 282 +++++++++--------- 2 files changed, 141 insertions(+), 284 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md mode change 100644 => 100755 translated/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md diff --git a/sources/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md b/sources/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md deleted file mode 100644 index cc1ef959f9..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,143 +0,0 @@ -(翻译中 by runningwater) -Encrypting Your Cat Photos -================================================================================ -The truth is, I really don't have anything on my hard drive that I would be upset over someone seeing. I have some cat photos. I have a few text files with ideas for future books and/or short stories, and a couple half-written starts to NaNoWriMo novels. It would be easy to say that there's no point encrypting my hard drive, because I have nothing to hide. The problem is, we wrongly correlate a "desire for privacy" with "having something to hide". I think where I live, in America, we've taken our rights to privacy for granted. Rather than the traditional "he must be hiding porn or bombs", think about something a little more mundane. - -I live in Michigan. It's cold here in the winter, and I tend to keep my thermostat set around 75 degrees. That might seem high to you, but for my family, it's just right. Thanks to the privacy of my own home, my neighbors don't know how toasty warm we keep it. Some of those neighbors would be very upset to see how "wasteful" the Powers family is in the winter. In fact, there's one local man who makes it a point to let everyone know that anything over 60 degrees is ecologically wasteful. I don't want to get into a fight with Old Man Icebritches, so we just keep our comfortable house a secret. We don't have anything to hide, but it's not something everyone needs to know about. - -Obviously my example is silly, but hopefully it makes you think. Modern Linux allows us to encrypt our data easily and reliably, so why not take advantage of it? - -### How Does It Work? ### - -I won't go into too much detail about how encryption works, but a basic understanding is necessary for even the simplest implementation. To encrypt and decrypt a file, two "keys" are required. One is the private key, which is just that, private. I like to think of the private key as an actual key—you can make copies if you want, but it's not wise to do so. The more copies of your private keys you make, the more likely someone nefarious will get one and break into your apartment—er, I mean files. - -The public key is more like a schematic for a lock that only you can open (with your private key). You make this key available for anyone. You can post it on a Web site, put it in your e-mail, tattoo it on your back, whatever. When others want to create a file that only you can see, they encrypt it using your public key. - -This one-to-many scenario also has a cool side effect. If you encrypt something using your private key, anyone can decrypt it using your public key. This may sound silly, but what makes such a scenario useful is that although the encrypted file isn't protected from prying eyes, it is guaranteed to be from you. Only a file encrypted with your private key can be decrypted with your public key. In this way, encrypting something with your private key digitally "signs" the file. - -#### Usually it works like this: #### - -1. You have a file you want to send to Suzy, so you encrypt it with Suzy's public key. Only Suzy can open it, but there's no way for Suzy to know that you are the one who sent it, since anyone could encrypt a file with her public key. -1. Therefore, you take the file you encrypted with Suzy's public key and encrypt that file with your private key. Suzy will have to decrypt the file twice, but she'll know it came from you. -1. Suzy receives the file and decrypts the first layer with your public key, proving it came from you. -1. Suzy then decrypts the second layer of encryption with her private key, as that's the only key able to decrypt the original file. (Because you originally encrypted it with her public key.) - -That scenario is when encryption is used for safely transferring files, of course. It's also quite common simply to encrypt your files (or partitions) so that no one can see them unless you decrypt them first. Let's start with file encryption, because that's what most people will want to do on their systems. - -### Starting Simple ### - -Before I go into more complex type setting, let's discuss simply encrypting a file. There are various programs to handle encryption. In fact, it's easy to get overwhelmed with the available options for file and system encryption. Today, let's use a basic (but very powerful) command-line tool for encrypting a file. GPG (Gnu Privacy Guard) is an open-source implementation of PGP (Pretty Good Protection). It allows encryption and signing, and manages multiple keys and so on. For this example, let's simply encrypt a file. - -Let's say you have a file called secret_manifesto.txt, which contains the secrets to life, the universe and everything. Using GPG, you can encrypt the file with a passphrase. Using a passphrase is far simpler than using a public and private key pair, because it's simply encrypted using your passphrase. This does make your file more susceptible to cracking (using rainbow tables or other hacking tools), but like the label on the tin says, it's Pretty Good Protection. To encrypt your file, you can do this: - - # gpg -c secret_manifesto.txt - # Enter passphrase: - # Repeat passphrase: - -Once complete, you'll have a new file in the same directory. It will be named secret_manifesto.txt.gpg by default. This is a binary file, which means it's fairly small, but it can't be copy/pasted into an e-mail or IM. For portability, you can add the -a flag, which will create an encrypted file that contains only ASCII text: - - # gpg -a -c secret_manifesto.txt - # Enter passphrase: - # Repeat passphrase: - # ls -l - -rw-rw-r-- 1 spowers spowers 6 Nov 23 1:26 secret_manifesto.txt - -rw-rw-r-- 1 spowers spowers 174 Nov 23 1:27 secret_manifesto.txt.asc - -rw-rw-r-- 1 spowers spowers 55 Nov 23 1:26 secret_manifesto.txt.gpg - - Notice there is now a file with .asc as the extension. This is text-only, but you can see in the code snippet that it's also much larger than the binary encrypted file, and much much larger than the original text file. Once you've encrypted your file, if you truly want to keep your information secret, it would be wise to delete the original text file. - -To decrypt the file, you'll again use the gpg program. The same command will decrypt either file, whether it's binary or ASCII: - - # gpg secret_manifesto.txt.asc - # gpg: CAST5 encrypted data - # Enter passphrase: - # gpg: encrypted with 1 passphrase - # File `secret_manifesto.txt' exists. Overwrite? (y/N) - -Notice in the example above, I hadn't deleted the original text file, so gpg gave me the option of overwriting. Once complete, I have my original file back, unencrypted. If you just have a file or two you want to protect, the command-line gpg program might be all you need. If you'd rather have an area on your system that automatically encrypts everything you save, it's a little more complicated. It's still not terribly difficult, but let's start with a fairly simplistic model. - -### Encrypting a USB Drive ### - -Like I mentioned earlier, there are many options when it comes to encryption. One of the more popular methods of encrypting partitions is the LUKS (Linux Unified Key Setup) system. A USB drive with a LUKS-formatted partition should be detected automatically by most systems. In fact, if you're using a desktop environment like Ubuntu Desktop, encrypting a USB drive is a simple check box during the formatting process. Although that's a perfectly acceptable way to encrypt your USB drive, I'm going to demonstrate how to do it on the command line, so you understand what's actually happening behind the scenes. - -#### Step 1: identify your USB drive. #### - -If you type `dmesg` after plugging in your USB drive, you should get all sorts of system information, including the device name of your freshly plugged-in USB device. Make sure you have the correct device identified, because what you're doing will destroy any data on the drive. You wouldn't want to format the wrong disk accidentally. (It should go without saying, but I'll say it anyway, make sure there's nothing on your USB drive that you want to save—this is a destructive process.) - -#### Step 2: partition the USB drive. #### - -Assuming that your USB drive is the /dev/sdb device on your system, you need to create a single partition on the drive. Let's use fdisk. Below is the interaction with fdisk required. Basically, you create a new empty partition with the o command, then write changes with w. Then, you'll restart fdisk and use the n command to create a new primary partition, using the defaults so that the entire drive is used: - - # sudo fdisk /dev/sdb - - Command (m for help): o - Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x1234567. - Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. - After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. - - Command (m for help): w - The partition table has been altered! - - # sudo fdisk /dev/sdb - Command (m for help): n - Command action - e extended - p primary partition (1-4) - p - Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 - Using default value 1 - First sector (2048-1016522, default 2048): - Using default value 2048 - Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-1016522, default 1016522): - Using default value 1016522 - - Command (m for help): w - The partition table has been altered! - -Now you have a USB drive with a single partition (/dev/sdb1), but there is no filesystem on it. That's exactly what you want, because the LUKS system creates an encryption layer on the partition before you put a filesystem on it. So before creating a filesystem, let's create the LUKS layer on the partition, using the cryptsetup program. If you don't have cryptsetup, search for it in your distribution's repository; it should be there. To create the LUKS encrypted partition layer: - - # cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/sdb1 - - WARNING! - ======== - This will overwrite data on /dev/sdb1 irrevocably. - - Are you sure? (Type uppercase yes): YES - Enter LUKS passphrase: - Verify passphrase: - -Follow the directions, and be sure to remember your passphrase! Note, that a "passphrase" is usually more than just a word. It's most often a phrase, thus the name. The longer the phrase, the tougher to crack. - -Once the process completes, you have an encrypted partition, but it's not mounted or formatted yet. The first step is to mount the partition, which again uses the cryptsetup utility: - - # cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sdb1 my_crypto_disk - Enter passphrase for /dev/sdb1: - -When you type in your passphrase, the device name you entered will be mounted like a virtual hard drive. Usually, it's mounted under /dev/mapper/devicename, so this example mounts a partition at /dev/mapper/my_crypto_disk. - -This device is now being accessed as an unencrypted volume. As long as it stays mounted, it will act like any other unencrypted volume. That means you need to write a filesystem to it if you want to use it: - - # mkfs.vfat /dev/mapper/my_crypto_disk -n my_crypto_disk - mkfs.vfat 3.0.9 (31 Jan 2010) - -Now the drive is fully functional and can be mounted like any other disk. In fact, when you put the USB drive into your computer, if you have a modern GUI desktop, it should prompt you for a password and mount it automatically. Then you can eject it like a normal disk, and it will be encrypted until you next enter your passphrase. It's simple to unmount and, therefore, re-encrypt the drive on the command line too, using cryptsetup: - - # cryptsetup luksClose my_crypto_disk - -That's Only the Tip of the Iceberg - -In this article, my hope is to peel back some of the mystery behind encryption. It's simple to encrypt and decrypt a file. It's not too much more difficult (especially if you use the GUI desktop tools) to encrypt an entire USB drive. With most distributions, it's possible to encrypt the entire home directory during the installation process! When encryption is set up on your entire home directory, however, there are some issues you need to address. For example, jobs that run while you're not logged in most likely will not have access to your home directory. If you have cron jobs that need access to your home directory, you should rewrite them to access data elsewhere on the system. I find a happy medium between security and convenience is to encrypt a USB drive and store my personal data on it. - -Once you get the encryption bug, I must warn you, you'll want to start encrypting everything. That's not a bad thing, but like the home directory scenario, you'll run into a few snags. Cross-platform accessibility is a big one if you go between systems. For situations like that, I highly recommend [TrueCrypt][1]. I've mentioned TrueCrypt in UpFront pieces before, but it's basically an open-source, cross-platform encryption system that allows you to encrypt files, folders, partitions and more while being able to access that data on any system. Windows, Mac and Linux clients are all available, and the community has great support. - -You don't have to have something to hide in order to desire encryption for your files. Just like it's wise to lock your house at night, even if you live in a good neighborhood, it's a smart move to encrypt your personal data. If you want to share your photos of Mr Whiskerton in his cute little beanie hat with everyone on the Internet, that's your right. But others don't need to see those things if they're being nosey and poking around your hard drive! - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/encrypting-your-cat-photos - -译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.truecrypt.org/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md b/translated/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md old mode 100644 new mode 100755 index f5cac7f7a9..4589cafd80 --- a/translated/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md +++ b/translated/tech/Encrypting Your Cat Photos.md @@ -1,142 +1,142 @@ -给猫咪照片加密 -================================================================================ -事实上，我的硬盘上不存在那种不愿意被别人看到的东西，只存有一些猫咪的照片、一些记录着想写的书想法的文本文件或者是一些短篇故事的文本，也有一些写了一半的 NaNoWriMo 小说文件。简单的说，我的硬盘就没有加密的必要，因为没有什么可隐藏的。可问题是，我们错误的把“隐私的渴望”跟“要隐藏某东西”两概念混淆在一起。比如说我生活的美国，我们视隐私权利是理所当然的事，但不包括那些传统所认为的“某人隐藏色情或炸弹”。隐私考虑的是一些平常的事情。 - -我居住在密歇根州。这儿的冬天很冷，我趋向于把温度设置在 75 度左右。对您们来说这个温度可能高了，但在我的家里刚好合适。多亏我的家是属于私有的，我的邻居不可能知道我们保持了这么高的温度，否则一但他们看到冬天如此“浪费”能源的家庭，这些邻居心里会很不平衡的。事实上，本地条规中有一条明确指出任何超过 60 度的就算是生态浪费。我并不想与这种僵老的条例较真，所以我仅仅想保守我们舒适的房子的秘密。我们并不想隐藏任何事情，但也并不是任何事情都要让外人知道。 - -很明显，我举的例子有点弱智，但我希望的是这能引起大家的思考。现代的 Linux 系统很容易的就可以对我们的数据进行加密，并且很可靠，所以为什么不好好利用利用呢？ - -### 加密原理? ### - -我不会涉及太多关于加密原理的细节，但要明白最基本的原理，即使是最简单的实现，这是必须的。要加密和解密一个文件，需要两把“钥匙”。一把是私钥，正如名字所示，属于私有的。我宁愿把私钥看作是真实的钥匙-你想要多少就可造出多少，但这样做是不明智的。同样的私钥你造的越多，某些不怀好意的人得到其中一把的机率就越大，他们就会闯入你的公寓（额，我的意思的文件）。 - -公钥更像是锁的样子，只有你能打开（用你的私钥）此锁。这公钥任何人都可以得到，你可以将它张贴在网站上、把它放在你的 E-mail 中、甚至纹在你的背上。其它人想创建一个只有你能访问的文件，就可以使用此公钥来加密。 - -这种一对多的情况也有个很酷的副作用。如果你用你的私钥来加密一些东西，任何人都可以用你提供的公钥来解密它们。这听起来很傻，但这种情景很有用。虽然加密的文件不能免于被窥视，但是它能保证此文件确实来自于你而没有被恶意改动过。用你的公钥能解密的文件仅仅只能是用你私钥加密过的。用这种方式，用私钥加密的文件即是数字“签名”文件。 - -#### 通用加密步骤: #### - -1. 你有一个文件想要发送给苏茜 ，所以你得使用苏茜的公钥来加密，这样就只有 苏茜才能打开这个文件，但苏茜没有办法知道是谁给她发送的文件。因为任何一个人都可以用她的公钥来加密文件。 -2. 因此，你得把你的文件用苏茜的公钥和你的私钥都加密。苏茜将不得不解密两次，但她知道它是来自于你的文件。 -3. 苏茜接收到此文件后会用能证明来自于你的公钥来解密第一层。 -4. 然后用她的私钥来解密第二层的密码，这是唯一的能够将原始文件进行解密的钥匙了（因为你是用她的公钥来加密的）。 - -当然，这情景就是用来安全传输文件的加密手段。这也是加密你的文件（或者分区）相当常用及简单的方法。就让我们开始来对文件进行加密吧，因为大多数人都想加密他们的系统。 - -### 始于简 ### - -在深入更复杂的各种加密设置操作前，我们先做简单的对文件加密例子。能处理加密的应用程序有很多很多，事实上，对文件和系统进行加密的各种可用软件选择，很容易就会让我们变得焦头烂额。现在，我们就使用一款很基本的（但非常强大）命令行工具来对文件加密。 GPG （英文名：Gnu Privacy Guard）是一款对商业软件 PGP（英文名：Pretty Good Protection）的开源实现软件。它具有加密、签名及管理多个密钥等功能。用例子说明，让我们简单的加密一个文件吧。 - -我们假设你有一个名叫 secret_manifesto.txt 的文件，它包含有关于生命、宇宙及一切事物的秘密。使用 GPG，你只需要一个密码就可以加密此文件。使用密码远比使用公钥和私钥对简单，因为它只是用你的密码加密。虽然这很容易就让你的文件遭受到破解（使用彩虹表或其他黑客工具），但像锡上的标签上所说的：这是相当不错的保护。要加密你的文件，可以这样做： - - # gpg -c secret_manifesto.txt - # Enter passphrase: - # Repeat passphrase: - -一但完成，在相同的目录下就会多出个新的文件，它默认的名字是 secret_manifesto.txt.gpg 。这是一个二进制文件，这意味着它非常非常小，但是要拷贝/粘贴进电子邮件（e-mail）或 即时消息（IM） 就不可能了。要使其可拷贝等操作，可以添加 -a 标志，这将创建一个只包含 ASCII 码文本的加密文件： - - # gpg -a -c secret_manifesto.txt - # Enter passphrase: - # Repeat passphrase: - # ls -l - -rw-rw-r-- 1 spowers spowers 6 Nov 23 1:26 secret_manifesto.txt - -rw-rw-r-- 1 spowers spowers 174 Nov 23 1:27 secret_manifesto.txt.asc - -rw-rw-r-- 1 spowers spowers 55 Nov 23 1:26 secret_manifesto.txt.gpg - -注意到现在多了一个以 .asc 为扩展名的文件。它是个纯文本文件，从上面的代码段示例可以看到它比二进制的加密文件还大，当然比原文本文件就大的更多了。一但你把文件加密了，也确实想要对些信息保密，最明智的就是把原文本文件删除掉。 - -要解密文件，你需要再一次使用 GPG 程序。不管是二进制的还是 ASCII 文件，使用相同的命令就可以解密。如下示： - - # gpg secret_manifesto.txt.asc - # gpg: CAST5 encrypted data - # Enter passphrase: - # gpg: encrypted with 1 passphrase - # File `secret_manifesto.txt' exists. Overwrite? (y/N) - -注意到上面的例子中，我没有删除源文本文件，所以 GPG 给出了是否覆盖选项提示。一但操作完成，我的未加密的源文件又回来了。如果你仅仅只有一两个文件要保护，那基于命令行的 GPG 程序正是你所需的。但如果你想实现在系统上指定一个区域，任何保存到这区域的的文件都会自动加密的话，就有点复杂了。可这也并不是非常的困难，让我们用一个非常简单的示范例子来讲解吧。 - -### 加密 USB 驱动盘 ### - -如我前面提到的，要加密有很多可选的方式方法。加密磁盘分区最通用的一种方法是 LUKS（Linux Unified Key Setup） 系统。一个使用 LUKS 格式化分区的 USB 驱动盘可以被大多数系统自动被别到。实际上，如果你使用的是像 Ubuntu 桌面这样的桌面环境系统的话，加密 USB 驱动盘其实就是在格式化过程中简单的勾选上一个复选框而已。虽然这是加密 USB 盘最容易让人接受的方式，但我还是想演示如何在命令行下进行加密，因为这种方式可以让你明白在加密的后面具体发生了什么。 - -#### 步骤 1: 识别您的 USB 驱动盘。 #### - -在您插入 USB 驱动盘后，如果输入 `dmesg` 命令，将会显示出所有的系统信息，包括刚插入的 USB 驱动盘的设备名字。 确保设备标识是正确的，因为后面要进行的操作会破坏驱动盘上的所有数据。您也不想一不小心就格式化掉正常的磁盘吧。（虽然不用提醒，但我还是要说，确保您的 USB 驱动盘已经没有你想保留的数据，因为这是一个破坏性的过程。） - -#### 步骤 2: 对 USB 驱动盘进行分区。 #### - -假设，在您的系统上 USB 驱动盘是 /dev/sdb 这个设备，您需要在这个驱动上创建一个单分区。我们使用 fdisk 命令。下面是 fdisk 必须的交互操作。一般地，用 o 命令来创建一个新的空分区，然后用 w 命令来保存设置。然后重新运行 fdisk 命令，并用 n 命令来创建一个新的主分区，接下来保持默认的以使用整个设备空间： - - # sudo fdisk /dev/sdb - - Command (m for help): o - Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x1234567. - Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. - After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. - - Command (m for help): w - The partition table has been altered! - - # sudo fdisk /dev/sdb - Command (m for help): n - Command action - e extended - p primary partition (1-4) - p - Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 - Using default value 1 - First sector (2048-1016522, default 2048): - Using default value 2048 - Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-1016522, default 1016522): - Using default value 1016522 - - Command (m for help): w - The partition table has been altered! - -现在你的 USB 驱动盘有了一个单分区了（/dev/sdb1），但还没有文件系统，这正是我们所想要的，因为 LUKS 系统需要在创建文件系统前在您的分区上创建一个加密层。因此，在创建文件系统之前，就让我们在分区上先创建一个 LUKS 层吧，可以使用 cryptsetup 程序。如果您还没有安装 cryptsetup 的话，可以搜索您系统发布版本的仓库源，里有就有。下面就开始创建 LUKS 加密分区层: - - # cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/sdb1 - - WARNING! - ======== - This will overwrite data on /dev/sdb1 irrevocably. - - Are you sure? (Type uppercase yes): YES - Enter LUKS passphrase: - Verify passphrase: - -按照提示的操作，一定要确保记得您的密码！注意，这儿的“密码单词”不仅仅只表示一个单词。这只是一个习惯，因而得名，设置的越长，越难被破解。 - -Once the process completes, you have an encrypted partition, but it's not mounted or formatted yet. The first step is to mount the partition, which again uses the cryptsetup utility: 一但上面的操作完成，就创建好了一个加密的分区，但它还没有被挂载或格式化。 - - # cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sdb1 my_crypto_disk - Enter passphrase for /dev/sdb1: - -When you type in your passphrase, the device name you entered will be mounted like a virtual hard drive. Usually, it's mounted under /dev/mapper/devicename, so this example mounts a partition at /dev/mapper/my_crypto_disk. - -This device is now being accessed as an unencrypted volume. As long as it stays mounted, it will act like any other unencrypted volume. That means you need to write a filesystem to it if you want to use it: - - # mkfs.vfat /dev/mapper/my_crypto_disk -n my_crypto_disk - mkfs.vfat 3.0.9 (31 Jan 2010) - -Now the drive is fully functional and can be mounted like any other disk. In fact, when you put the USB drive into your computer, if you have a modern GUI desktop, it should prompt you for a password and mount it automatically. Then you can eject it like a normal disk, and it will be encrypted until you next enter your passphrase. It's simple to unmount and, therefore, re-encrypt the drive on the command line too, using cryptsetup: - - # cryptsetup luksClose my_crypto_disk - -That's Only the Tip of the Iceberg - -In this article, my hope is to peel back some of the mystery behind encryption. It's simple to encrypt and decrypt a file. It's not too much more difficult (especially if you use the GUI desktop tools) to encrypt an entire USB drive. With most distributions, it's possible to encrypt the entire home directory during the installation process! When encryption is set up on your entire home directory, however, there are some issues you need to address. For example, jobs that run while you're not logged in most likely will not have access to your home directory. If you have cron jobs that need access to your home directory, you should rewrite them to access data elsewhere on the system. I find a happy medium between security and convenience is to encrypt a USB drive and store my personal data on it. - -Once you get the encryption bug, I must warn you, you'll want to start encrypting everything. That's not a bad thing, but like the home directory scenario, you'll run into a few snags. Cross-platform accessibility is a big one if you go between systems. For situations like that, I highly recommend [TrueCrypt][1]. I've mentioned TrueCrypt in UpFront pieces before, but it's basically an open-source, cross-platform encryption system that allows you to encrypt files, folders, partitions and more while being able to access that data on any system. Windows, Mac and Linux clients are all available, and the community has great support. - -You don't have to have something to hide in order to desire encryption for your files. Just like it's wise to lock your house at night, even if you live in a good neighborhood, it's a smart move to encrypt your personal data. If you want to share your photos of Mr Whiskerton in his cute little beanie hat with everyone on the Internet, that's your right. But others don't need to see those things if they're being nosey and poking around your hard drive! - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/encrypting-your-cat-photos - -译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - +给猫咪照片加密 +================================================================================ +事实上，我的硬盘上不存在那种不愿意被别人看到的东西，只存有一些猫咪的照片、一些记录着想写的书想法的文本文件或者是一些短篇故事的文本，也有一些写了一半的 NaNoWriMo 小说文件。简单的说，我的硬盘就没有加密的必要，因为没有什么可隐藏的。可问题是，我们错误的把“隐私的渴望”跟“要隐藏某东西”两概念混淆在一起。比如说我生活的美国，我们视隐私权利是理所当然的事，但不包括那些传统所认为的“某人隐藏色情或炸弹”。隐私考虑的是一些平常的事情。 + +我居住在密歇根州。这儿的冬天很冷，我趋向于把温度设置在 75 度左右。对您们来说这个温度可能高了，但在我的家里刚好合适。多亏我的家是属于私有的，我的邻居不可能知道我们保持了这么高的温度，否则一但他们看到冬天如此“浪费”能源的家庭，这些邻居心里会很不平衡的。事实上，本地条规中有一条明确指出任何超过 60 度的就算是生态浪费。我并不想与这种僵老的条例较真，所以我仅仅想保守我们舒适的房子的秘密。我们并不想隐藏任何事情，但也并不是任何事情都要让外人知道。 + +很明显，我举的例子有点弱智，但我希望的是这能引起大家的思考。现代的 Linux 系统很容易的就可以对我们的数据进行加密，并且很可靠，所以为什么不好好利用利用呢？ + +### 加密原理? ### + +我不会涉及太多关于加密原理的细节，但要明白最基本的原理，即使是最简单的实现，这是必须的。要加密和解密一个文件，需要两把“钥匙”。一把是私钥，正如名字所示，属于私有的。我宁愿把私钥看作是真实的钥匙-你想要多少就可造出多少，但这样做是不明智的。同样的私钥你造的越多，某些不怀好意的人得到其中一把的机率就越大，他们就会闯入你的公寓（额，我的意思的文件）。 + +公钥更像是锁的样子，只有你能打开（用你的私钥）此锁。这公钥任何人都可以得到，你可以将它张贴在网站上、把它放在你的 E-mail 中、甚至纹在你的背上。其它人想创建一个只有你能访问的文件，就可以使用此公钥来加密。 + +这种一对多的情况也有个很酷的副作用。如果你用你的私钥来加密一些东西，任何人都可以用你提供的公钥来解密它们。这听起来很傻，但这种情景很有用。虽然加密的文件不能免于被窥视，但是它能保证此文件确实来自于你而没有被恶意改动过。用你的公钥能解密的文件仅仅只能是用你私钥加密过的。用这种方式，用私钥加密的文件即是数字“签名”文件。 + +#### 通用加密步骤: #### + +1. 你有一个文件想要发送给苏茜 ，所以你得使用苏茜的公钥来加密，这样就只有 苏茜才能打开这个文件，但苏茜没有办法知道是谁给她发送的文件。因为任何一个人都可以用她的公钥来加密文件。 +2. 因此，你得把你的文件用苏茜的公钥和你的私钥都加密。苏茜将不得不解密两次，但她知道它是来自于你的文件。 +3. 苏茜接收到此文件后会用能证明来自于你的公钥来解密第一层。 +4. 然后用她的私钥来解密第二层的密码，这是唯一的能够将原始文件进行解密的钥匙了（因为你是用她的公钥来加密的）。 + +当然，这情景就是用来安全传输文件的加密手段。这也是加密你的文件（或者分区）相当常用及简单的方法。就让我们开始来对文件进行加密吧，因为大多数人都想加密他们的系统。 + +### 始于简 ### + +在深入更复杂的各种加密设置操作前，我们先做简单的对文件加密例子。能处理加密的应用程序有很多很多，事实上，对文件和系统进行加密的各种可用软件选择，很容易就会让我们变得焦头烂额。现在，我们就使用一款很基本的（但非常强大）命令行工具来对文件加密。 GPG （英文名：Gnu Privacy Guard）是一款对商业软件 PGP（英文名：Pretty Good Protection）的开源实现软件。它具有加密、签名及管理多个密钥等功能。用例子说明，让我们简单的加密一个文件吧。 + +我们假设你有一个名叫 secret_manifesto.txt 的文件，它包含有关于生命、宇宙及一切事物的秘密。使用 GPG，你只需要一个密码就可以加密此文件。使用密码远比使用公钥和私钥对简单，因为它只是用你的密码加密。虽然这很容易就让你的文件遭受到破解（使用彩虹表或其他黑客工具），但像锡上的标签上所说的：这是相当不错的保护。要加密你的文件，可以这样做： + + # gpg -c secret_manifesto.txt + # Enter passphrase: + # Repeat passphrase: + +一但完成，在相同的目录下就会多出个新的文件，它默认的名字是 secret_manifesto.txt.gpg 。这是一个二进制文件，这意味着它非常非常小，但是要拷贝/粘贴进电子邮件（e-mail）或 即时消息（IM） 就不可能了。要使其可拷贝等操作，可以添加 -a 标志，这将创建一个只包含 ASCII 码文本的加密文件： + + # gpg -a -c secret_manifesto.txt + # Enter passphrase: + # Repeat passphrase: + # ls -l + -rw-rw-r-- 1 spowers spowers 6 Nov 23 1:26 secret_manifesto.txt + -rw-rw-r-- 1 spowers spowers 174 Nov 23 1:27 secret_manifesto.txt.asc + -rw-rw-r-- 1 spowers spowers 55 Nov 23 1:26 secret_manifesto.txt.gpg + +注意到现在多了一个以 .asc 为扩展名的文件。它是个纯文本文件，从上面的代码段示例可以看到它比二进制的加密文件还大，当然比原文本文件就大的更多了。一但你把文件加密了，也确实想要对些信息保密，最明智的就是把原文本文件删除掉。 + +要解密文件，你需要再一次使用 GPG 程序。不管是二进制的还是 ASCII 文件，使用相同的命令就可以解密。如下示： + + # gpg secret_manifesto.txt.asc + # gpg: CAST5 encrypted data + # Enter passphrase: + # gpg: encrypted with 1 passphrase + # File `secret_manifesto.txt' exists. Overwrite? (y/N) + +注意到上面的例子中，我没有删除源文本文件，所以 GPG 给出了是否覆盖选项提示。一但操作完成，我的未加密的源文件又回来了。如果你仅仅只有一两个文件要保护，那基于命令行的 GPG 程序正是你所需的。但如果你想实现在系统上指定一个区域，任何保存到这区域的的文件都会自动加密的话，就有点复杂了。可这也并不是非常的困难，让我们用一个非常简单的示范例子来讲解吧。 + +### 加密 USB 驱动盘 ### + +如我前面提到的，要加密有很多可选的方式方法。加密磁盘分区最通用的一种方法是 LUKS（Linux Unified Key Setup） 系统。一个使用 LUKS 格式化分区的 USB 驱动盘可以被大多数系统自动被别到。实际上，如果你使用的是像 Ubuntu 桌面这样的桌面环境系统的话，加密 USB 驱动盘其实就是在格式化过程中简单的勾选上一个复选框而已。虽然这是加密 USB 盘最容易让人接受的方式，但我还是想演示如何在命令行下进行加密，因为这种方式可以让你明白在加密的后面具体发生了什么。 + +#### 步骤 1: 识别您的 USB 驱动盘。 #### + +在您插入 USB 驱动盘后，如果输入 `dmesg` 命令，将会显示出所有的系统信息，包括刚插入的 USB 驱动盘的设备名字。 确保设备标识是正确的，因为后面要进行的操作会破坏驱动盘上的所有数据。您也不想一不小心就格式化掉正常的磁盘吧。（虽然不用提醒，但我还是要说，确保您的 USB 驱动盘已经没有你想保留的数据，因为这是一个破坏性的过程。） + +#### 步骤 2: 对 USB 驱动盘进行分区。 #### + +假设，在您的系统上 USB 驱动盘是 /dev/sdb 这个设备，您需要在这个驱动上创建一个单分区。我们使用 fdisk 命令。下面是 fdisk 必须的交互操作。一般地，用 o 命令来创建一个新的空分区，然后用 w 命令来保存设置。然后重新运行 fdisk 命令，并用 n 命令来创建一个新的主分区，接下来保持默认的以使用整个设备空间： + + # sudo fdisk /dev/sdb + + Command (m for help): o + Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x1234567. + Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. + After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. + + Command (m for help): w + The partition table has been altered! + + # sudo fdisk /dev/sdb + Command (m for help): n + Command action + e extended + p primary partition (1-4) + p + Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 + Using default value 1 + First sector (2048-1016522, default 2048): + Using default value 2048 + Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-1016522, default 1016522): + Using default value 1016522 + + Command (m for help): w + The partition table has been altered! + +现在你的 USB 驱动盘有了一个单分区了（/dev/sdb1），但还没有文件系统，这正是我们所想要的，因为 LUKS 系统需要在创建文件系统前在您的分区上创建一个加密层。因此，在创建文件系统之前，就让我们在分区上先创建一个 LUKS 层吧，可以使用 cryptsetup 程序。如果您还没有安装 cryptsetup 的话，可以搜索您系统发布版本的仓库源，里有就有。下面就开始创建 LUKS 加密分区层: + + # cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/sdb1 + + WARNING! + ======== + This will overwrite data on /dev/sdb1 irrevocably. + + Are you sure? (Type uppercase yes): YES + Enter LUKS passphrase: + Verify passphrase: + +按照提示的操作，一定要确保记得您的密码！注意，这儿的“密码单词”不仅仅只表示一个单词。这只是一个习惯，因而得名，设置的越长，越难被破解。 + +一但上面的操作完成，就创建好了一个加密的分区，但它还没有被挂载或格式化。要做的第一步就是挂载分区，可以再一次使用 cryptsetup 工具： + + # cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sdb1 my_crypto_disk + Enter passphrase for /dev/sdb1: + +当输入完密码后，您输入名字的设备就会像虚拟硬盘一样被挂载上。通常，它挂载在 /dev/mapper/devicename 目录下，所以这个例子所示的分区就挂载到了 /dev/mapper/my_crypto_disk 目录。 + +现在这个设备就可当做未加密的卷来访问了。 只要它一被挂载，就跟其它未加密的卷是一样的了，这就意味着您想要使用它的话就需要先写入文件系统： + + # mkfs.vfat /dev/mapper/my_crypto_disk -n my_crypto_disk + mkfs.vfat 3.0.9 (31 Jan 2010) + +现在驱动功能完备，可以像其它驱动盘一样正常挂载使用了。实际上，如果你使用的是现代的图形用户界面系统的话，只要你把 USB 驱动盘一插入计算机，将会提示您输入密码，然后就自动挂载上了。退出的时候跟普通盘一样，里面存储的数据会被加密，直到下次输入密码。在命令行里使用 cryptsetup 卸载以及重加密驱动盘也是很简单的： + + # cryptsetup luksClose my_crypto_disk + +这仅仅只是冰山一角 + +写这篇文章，我的目的是希望剥开加密后面的秘密。加密和解密单个文件很简单，要加密整个 USB 驱动盘也不是太困难（如果使用的是图形用户界面工具就更容易了）。对于大多数系统的发布版本来说，在安装过程中就可以对整个 home 目录进行加密。加密是对您的整个 home 目录起作用，然而有些问题就需要特别处理了。例如，您没登陆时就运行的任务在大多数情况下是不会访问您的 home 目录的，但如果您有调度任务需要访问 home 目录的话，应该进行修改，让其访问系统中其它目录的数据。我觉得安全和便利平衡的中庸之道还是加密 USB 驱动盘，然后在上面存储个人资料。 + +我必须警告您，一但您考虑安全的问题，就会想要把任何东西都加密起来。这不是什么坏的事情，但是像要对 home 目录加密这种情况，是会碰到一些问题的。如果您使用不用系统的话，跨平台访问也是个大问题。像这种情况，我强烈建议您使用 [TrueCrypt][1]。在前期的文章片段里我提到过 TrueCrypt，它是一款开源的，跨平台的加密系统软件。可以对文件、文件夹、分区等等进行加密，同时可以在任何系统中访问加密的数据。像 Windows、Mac 及 Linux 客户端都可以使用。社区也有大力的支持。 + +希望对文件进行加密的目的并不是为了隐藏某些东西。就像即使您有个好邻居，最好夜里也得锁门一样，对您的个人数据进行加密也是个很正常的举动。如果您想在网上与大家分享你的 Whiskerton 先生戴着可爱的小豆豆帽子的照片的话，这是您的权利。但其它的人，比如他们索检你硬盘的时候，就不需要让看到了。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/encrypting-your-cat-photos + +译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + [1]:http://www.truecrypt.org/ \ No newline at end of file From 7be56d817c73b82e48b3fb46202ce9a0f855f49b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Tue, 17 Jun 2014 09:26:46 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 578/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140617-1=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../talk/20140617 14 Apps To Boost Ubuntu.md | 80 +++++++++++++++++ ...indows, Mac, and Linux PCs on a Network.md | 85 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 165 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/20140617 14 Apps To Boost Ubuntu.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140617 How to Share Files Between Windows, Mac, and Linux PCs on a Network.md diff --git a/sources/talk/20140617 14 Apps To Boost Ubuntu.md b/sources/talk/20140617 14 Apps To Boost Ubuntu.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2b9e43d017 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20140617 14 Apps To Boost Ubuntu.md @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +14 Apps To Boost Ubuntu +================================================================================ +Making the switch to Ubuntu – or any popular Linux distribution – is more than the mere act of changing operating systems. You must also have apps that allow you to get work done. + +In this article, I'll be sharing critical applications that I rely on, and I’ll talk about how I use them in my daily activities. + +### Apps for Daily Use ### + +Generally when it comes to software on the Linux desktop, I drop app titles into one of two categories. These would be stuff I use every day, and everything else. Below are applications I find myself running each and every day. + +1) **Firefox** – Sometimes I use other browsers, but lately [Firefox][1] has been my long trusted friend. Reliable, safe and cross platform, Firefox is generally what I use for my daily browsing needs. + +In addition to accessing bookmarks and webpages, I also rely on Firefox to handle my various LAN server duties as well. Duties such as: [Plex][2], [Zoneminder][3], router/WAPs, and my file server. All of these are accessed each day using Firefox. + +2) **Parcelite** – I can't begin to function without a decent clipboard manager, and for me, you can't beat [Parcelite][4] on the GNOME desktop. Simple to use, easy to access and it's also chalked full of useful options. Parcelite options include everything from hotkeys to white space handling. There are a ton of great clipboard managers out there, but it's tough to beat what Parcelite offers. + +3) **Bittorrent Sync** – I have used various open source alternatives for file syncing that needed more development before being released. That being said [Bittorrent Synchas][5] NEVER let me down. It's easy to run and install thanks to the new GUI offering, and Bittorrent Sync allows me to transfer huge video files quickly from machine to machine without wasting time syncing stuff to the "cloud." + +I've also found it to be a fantastic way to share large files easily with others, while maintaining IP address and directory privacy along the way. Despite the numerous alternatives available, I remain firmly grounded as a Bittorrent Sync fanboy. + +4) **System Monitor** – Because TOP only goes so far, I prefer a tabbed GUI as it's much easier on my eyes. Using GNOME's [System Monitor][6], I can quickly discover a runaway process and easily kill it without ever needing to break a sweat. Unlike a terminal app like [TOP][7], I can also get a visual perspective using graphs in real-time for my CPU, memory and disk usage. Being a visual person, it's difficult to beat the bar graph showing me how much space I have. Same applies to real-time resource usage as well. + +5) **PulseAudioControl** – Each day, I tend to bounce between multiple sound devices. Sometimes I need to make one the default, but then switch from Firefox audio to another device altogether. Because I like to have as much control over my audio as possible, I've found that [PulseAudioControl][8] is an invaluable tool. + +### Everything else software ### + +In this section, I'll share apps that I use, but may not necessarily use each and every day. Many of these apps are open source, some are not, all are of great value to me personally. + +6) **Skype** – Whether it's calling into [Jupiter Broadcasting][9] to co-host a weekly podcast, or simply catching up with a business contact, [Skype][10] is how Internet video conversations happen. After testing countless alternatives, I always find myself coming back to Skype. Even though there are really awesome open source options like [Ekiga][11] or [Jitsi][12], at the end of the day Skype is where everyone is at – good luck getting people to switch. + +7) **Kdenlive** – I use two different video editors, and when it comes to banging out a heavily edited video, [Kdenlive][13] is the tool I use for picture in picture compositing and editing really large, complex videos. I've successfully managed 6 track edits in Kdenlive that have crashed in other video editors. + +8) **OpenShot** – For the most part, [OpenShot][14] is my goto video editor for most of my video editing tasks. Quick edits, and two track work goes by quickly and easily using this editor. I have also found that it offers great effects that are difficult to match elsewhere. Blender title effects and great video transitions make OpenShot a fantastic editor for my own projects. + +9) **SpiderOak** – After using countless cloud backup services over the years, I've settled on [SpiderOak][15] as my favorite. Easy to use and setup, I love the incremental options provided and how simple it is use. Just set it and forget it, then SpiderOak does all the heavy lifting. + +10) **Dropbox** – I've had a love/hate relationship with [Dropbox][16] for many years now. Despite being cross platform, which means I can access files from anywhere, I'm slowly finding my self less and less reliant on this cloud-based backup solution. Still, it does allow me to access files from any web browser even if it's not from a computer I'm normally using, which makes dropping the Dropbox habit even harder. + +11) **Writer** – I've been relying on [Writer][17] since I first used it on Windows via OpenOffice. Today, I am using Writer with LibreOffice and for my needs, it does everything I could need a word processor to do. Now it's fair to point out that some proprietary office suites might offer additional functionality not found in Writer, however 99% of what most people need is covered here with Writer. For me personally, I'll always be a LibreOffice Writer fan. + +12) **SimpleScreenRecorder** – Over the years, I've come to find myself using [SimpleScreenRecorder][18] over other alternatives as it does a nice job with multiple monitor support, plus it can even capture OpenGL applications as well. Easy to use and reliable, SimpleScreenRecorder has served me well. I recommend it to anyone who is tired of playing with other screen capturing software that only works some of the time. + +13) **SimpleScan** – When I need to scan a document, I don't want to spend a lot of time configuring a bloated program. [Simple Scan][19] is great in this capacity. Rocking the SANE scanner database, Simple Scan will work with just about any scanner or all-in-one printer/scanner you throw at it. What's also nice is that it's setup to work with the best resolution out of the box, yet you're still free to make any manual adjustments you see fit. + +14) **Baobab** (Disk Usage Analyzer) – I keep hearing how hard drive prices have come down. Be that as it may, the fact is I'm not made of money and each dollar I spend is usually part of a tight budget. This means I need to make the best use of the hard drive space I have available. To help me do this, I rely on [Baobab][20] to give me both a clear view of my available space on my hard drive, but also a clearer picture of which directories are eating away at my precious hard drive space. + +### Apps That Really Work, Regardless ### + +When it comes to applications I rely on, it's really less about their titles and licenses and more about the tasks that they allow me to accomplish. The myth that Linux doesn't really have required software is becoming a thing of the past. Most computing tasks, barring a few limited exceptions, can be done easily from the Linux desktop as I've explained above. + +Obviously there are applications that are "must haves" for you, that I might not use myself. What applications do you rely on? Hit the Comments below and share your best applications with the readers here. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.datamation.com/applications/14-apps-to-boost-ubuntu-1.html + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/new/ +[2]:https://plex.tv/ +[3]:http://www.zoneminder.com/ +[4]:http://parcellite.sourceforge.net/ +[5]:http://www.bittorrent.com/sync +[6]:https://help.gnome.org/users/gnome-system-monitor/3.12/ +[7]:http://linux.about.com/od/commands/l/blcmdl1_top.htm +[8]:http://freedesktop.org/software/pulseaudio/pavucontrol/ +[9]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_Broadcasting +[10]:http://www.skype.com/en/download-skype/skype-for-linux/ +[11]:http://ekiga.org/ +[12]:https://jitsi.org/ +[13]:http://www.kdenlive.org/ +[14]:http://www.openshot.org/ +[15]:https://spideroak.com/ +[16]:https://www.dropbox.com/ +[17]:http://www.libreoffice.org/discover/writer/ +[18]:http://www.maartenbaert.be/simplescreenrecorder/ +[19]:https://launchpad.net/simple-scan +[20]:http://www.marzocca.net/linux/baobab/baobab-getting-started.html \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/20140617 How to Share Files Between Windows, Mac, and Linux PCs on a Network.md b/sources/tech/20140617 How to Share Files Between Windows, Mac, and Linux PCs on a Network.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..656e467294 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140617 How to Share Files Between Windows, Mac, and Linux PCs on a Network.md @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +How to Share Files Between Windows, Mac, and Linux PCs on a Network +================================================================================ +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/windows-mac-and-linux-network.jpg) + +Home [file sharing][1] used to be a nightmare, even between different versions of Windows — never mind Mac and Linux! These operating systems can now talk to each other and share files without any special software. + +We’ll be using the SMB protocol for this. Windows uses SMB for file sharing, while both Macs and popular Linux distributions have built-in support for SMB. Microsoft even [submitted patches][2] to the open-source Samba project to improve it! + +### Share a Folder on Windows ### + +You’ll need to [enable old-fashioned file sharing on Windows][3], as other operating systems can’t access homegroups. To do this, open the Control Panel and navigate to Network and Sharing > Change advanced sharing settings. Enable “network discovery” and “file and print sharing.” + +Tweak the other options here if you’d like to share public folders over the network without requiring a password. + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/enable-file-and-printer-sharing-for-mac-and-linux-on-windows.png) + +Locate the folder you want to share in Windows Explorer or File Explorer, right-click it, and select Properties. Click the Sharing tab and use the options here to share a folder and configure its permissions. + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/share-windows-folders-with-mac-and-linux-on-local-network.png) + +### Access a Shared Folder from Windows ### + +Visit the Network pane in Windows Explorer or File Explorer to view other computers sharing files with you. You’ll see properly configured Mac and Linux computers appear in this list along with nearby Windows PCs. Double-click a computer to view its shared files. + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/access-ubuntu-linux-shared-folder-on-windows.png) + +You can also connect directly to a computer if you know its name or IP address. Just type //COMPUTERNAME into Windows Explorer or File Explorer’s location bar and press Enter. Replace COMPUTERNAME with the computer’s local IP address if you want to connect directly to an IP address instead. + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/directly-access-network-share-on-windows.png) + +### Share a Folder on Mac OS X ### + +You’ll need to enable network file sharing to share folders on your Mac. Open System Preferences by clicking the Apple logo and selecting System Preferences. Click the Sharing icon and enable File Sharing. Click the Options button here and ensure “Share files and folders using SMB” is enabled. + +Use the Shared Folders column to choose additional folders to share. Use the Users column to choose which users and groups can access and write to them. + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/share-folder-with-windows-from-mac-os-x.png) + +### Access a Shared Folder from Mac OS X ### + +Open the Finder, click Go on the menu at the top of the screen, and select Connect to Server. Enter the following address, replacing COMPUTERNAME with the Windows computer’s name: smb://COMPUTERNAME. You can also enter the other computer’s local IP address instead of its name. + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/directly-connect-to-windows-file-share-on-a-mac.png) + +You’ll be prompted to authenticate with the appropriate credentials or log in as a guest. After you’ve connected, the computer will appear under the Shared column in the Finder’s sidebar. + +To automatically connect to the shared folder each time you log in, open the System Preferences window and navigate to Users and Groups > Login Items. Drag and drop the network share from under the Shared column in Finder to the list of Login Items. + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/windows-shared-folder-on-mac.png) + +### Share a Folder on Linux ### + +Use your desktop’s file manager to share a folder on Linux. We used the Nautilus file manager on Ubuntu 14.04 here, but the process should be similar with other file managers. + +Open the file manager, right-click a folder you want to share, and select Properties. Click the Local Network Share tab and enable sharing for that folder. If this is the first time you’ve enabled sharing, you’ll be prompted to download and install the Samba software — this happens automatically when you provide your password. + +Configure your sharing settings after installing the Samba software — be sure to click the Create Share button to start sharing the folder. + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/share-folder-from-ubuntu-linux-with-windows-pc-over-local-network.png) + +### Access a Shared Folder from Linux ### + +Your Linux deksotp’s file manager probably includes a network browser you can use to locate and access shared folders on the local network. + +Click the Browse Network option in the file manager’s sidebar. You can then double-click the Windows Network option, double-click your workgroup (WORKGROUP by default), and double-click a nearby computer to view its shared files. + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/browse-windows-network-shares-on-ubuntu.png) + +To connect directly to a computer, select the Connect to Server option in Nautilus instead and enter the path to the remote computer like so: smb://COMPUTERNAME + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/directly-connect-to-windows-shared-folder-on-ubuntu.png) + +However you connect, you may need to authenticate with a user account name and password that has access to the files on the remote machine. This depends on whether you enabled guest access and how you set up your folder sharing permissions. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.howtogeek.com/191116/how-to-share-files-between-windows-mac-and-linux-pcs-on-a-network/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.howtogeek.com/166407/how-to-easily-share-files-between-nearby-computers/ +[2]:http://www.samba.org/samba/news/developers/ms-patch.html +[3]:http://www.howtogeek.com/school/windows-network-sharing/lesson3/ \ No newline at end of file From 26ca832540f35464de8bee751592df2c6146e55a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Tue, 17 Jun 2014 11:36:22 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 579/601] [Translating]How to Share Files Between Windows, Mac, and Linux PCs on a Network --- ...Files Between Windows, Mac, and Linux PCs on a Network.md | 5 ++++- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140617 How to Share Files Between Windows, Mac, and Linux PCs on a Network.md b/sources/tech/20140617 How to Share Files Between Windows, Mac, and Linux PCs on a Network.md index 656e467294..083e62459d 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140617 How to Share Files Between Windows, Mac, and Linux PCs on a Network.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140617 How to Share Files Between Windows, Mac, and Linux PCs on a Network.md @@ -1,3 +1,6 @@ +Translating----------geekpi + + How to Share Files Between Windows, Mac, and Linux PCs on a Network ================================================================================ ![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/windows-mac-and-linux-network.jpg) @@ -82,4 +85,4 @@ via: http://www.howtogeek.com/191116/how-to-share-files-between-windows-mac-and- [1]:http://www.howtogeek.com/166407/how-to-easily-share-files-between-nearby-computers/ [2]:http://www.samba.org/samba/news/developers/ms-patch.html -[3]:http://www.howtogeek.com/school/windows-network-sharing/lesson3/ \ No newline at end of file +[3]:http://www.howtogeek.com/school/windows-network-sharing/lesson3/ From 172e87f207447fe4aa0ce90bc354724210043d44 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Tue, 17 Jun 2014 13:25:29 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 580/601] [Translated]20140617 How to Share Files Between Windows, Mac, and Linux PCs on a Network.md --- ...indows, Mac, and Linux PCs on a Network.md | 88 ------------------- ...indows, Mac, and Linux PCs on a Network.md | 86 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 86 insertions(+), 88 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20140617 How to Share Files Between Windows, Mac, and Linux PCs on a Network.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20140617 How to Share Files Between Windows, Mac, and Linux PCs on a Network.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20140617 How to Share Files Between Windows, Mac, and Linux PCs on a Network.md b/sources/tech/20140617 How to Share Files Between Windows, Mac, and Linux PCs on a Network.md deleted file mode 100644 index 083e62459d..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20140617 How to Share Files Between Windows, Mac, and Linux PCs on a Network.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,88 +0,0 @@ -Translating----------geekpi - - -How to Share Files Between Windows, Mac, and Linux PCs on a Network -================================================================================ -![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/windows-mac-and-linux-network.jpg) - -Home [file sharing][1] used to be a nightmare, even between different versions of Windows — never mind Mac and Linux! These operating systems can now talk to each other and share files without any special software. - -We’ll be using the SMB protocol for this. Windows uses SMB for file sharing, while both Macs and popular Linux distributions have built-in support for SMB. Microsoft even [submitted patches][2] to the open-source Samba project to improve it! - -### Share a Folder on Windows ### - -You’ll need to [enable old-fashioned file sharing on Windows][3], as other operating systems can’t access homegroups. To do this, open the Control Panel and navigate to Network and Sharing > Change advanced sharing settings. Enable “network discovery” and “file and print sharing.” - -Tweak the other options here if you’d like to share public folders over the network without requiring a password. - -![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/enable-file-and-printer-sharing-for-mac-and-linux-on-windows.png) - -Locate the folder you want to share in Windows Explorer or File Explorer, right-click it, and select Properties. Click the Sharing tab and use the options here to share a folder and configure its permissions. - -![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/share-windows-folders-with-mac-and-linux-on-local-network.png) - -### Access a Shared Folder from Windows ### - -Visit the Network pane in Windows Explorer or File Explorer to view other computers sharing files with you. You’ll see properly configured Mac and Linux computers appear in this list along with nearby Windows PCs. Double-click a computer to view its shared files. - -![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/access-ubuntu-linux-shared-folder-on-windows.png) - -You can also connect directly to a computer if you know its name or IP address. Just type //COMPUTERNAME into Windows Explorer or File Explorer’s location bar and press Enter. Replace COMPUTERNAME with the computer’s local IP address if you want to connect directly to an IP address instead. - -![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/directly-access-network-share-on-windows.png) - -### Share a Folder on Mac OS X ### - -You’ll need to enable network file sharing to share folders on your Mac. Open System Preferences by clicking the Apple logo and selecting System Preferences. Click the Sharing icon and enable File Sharing. Click the Options button here and ensure “Share files and folders using SMB” is enabled. - -Use the Shared Folders column to choose additional folders to share. Use the Users column to choose which users and groups can access and write to them. - -![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/share-folder-with-windows-from-mac-os-x.png) - -### Access a Shared Folder from Mac OS X ### - -Open the Finder, click Go on the menu at the top of the screen, and select Connect to Server. Enter the following address, replacing COMPUTERNAME with the Windows computer’s name: smb://COMPUTERNAME. You can also enter the other computer’s local IP address instead of its name. - -![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/directly-connect-to-windows-file-share-on-a-mac.png) - -You’ll be prompted to authenticate with the appropriate credentials or log in as a guest. After you’ve connected, the computer will appear under the Shared column in the Finder’s sidebar. - -To automatically connect to the shared folder each time you log in, open the System Preferences window and navigate to Users and Groups > Login Items. Drag and drop the network share from under the Shared column in Finder to the list of Login Items. - -![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/windows-shared-folder-on-mac.png) - -### Share a Folder on Linux ### - -Use your desktop’s file manager to share a folder on Linux. We used the Nautilus file manager on Ubuntu 14.04 here, but the process should be similar with other file managers. - -Open the file manager, right-click a folder you want to share, and select Properties. Click the Local Network Share tab and enable sharing for that folder. If this is the first time you’ve enabled sharing, you’ll be prompted to download and install the Samba software — this happens automatically when you provide your password. - -Configure your sharing settings after installing the Samba software — be sure to click the Create Share button to start sharing the folder. - -![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/share-folder-from-ubuntu-linux-with-windows-pc-over-local-network.png) - -### Access a Shared Folder from Linux ### - -Your Linux deksotp’s file manager probably includes a network browser you can use to locate and access shared folders on the local network. - -Click the Browse Network option in the file manager’s sidebar. You can then double-click the Windows Network option, double-click your workgroup (WORKGROUP by default), and double-click a nearby computer to view its shared files. - -![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/browse-windows-network-shares-on-ubuntu.png) - -To connect directly to a computer, select the Connect to Server option in Nautilus instead and enter the path to the remote computer like so: smb://COMPUTERNAME - -![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/directly-connect-to-windows-shared-folder-on-ubuntu.png) - -However you connect, you may need to authenticate with a user account name and password that has access to the files on the remote machine. This depends on whether you enabled guest access and how you set up your folder sharing permissions. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.howtogeek.com/191116/how-to-share-files-between-windows-mac-and-linux-pcs-on-a-network/ - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://www.howtogeek.com/166407/how-to-easily-share-files-between-nearby-computers/ -[2]:http://www.samba.org/samba/news/developers/ms-patch.html -[3]:http://www.howtogeek.com/school/windows-network-sharing/lesson3/ diff --git a/translated/tech/20140617 How to Share Files Between Windows, Mac, and Linux PCs on a Network.md b/translated/tech/20140617 How to Share Files Between Windows, Mac, and Linux PCs on a Network.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..540b9bc718 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20140617 How to Share Files Between Windows, Mac, and Linux PCs on a Network.md @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +如何在网络上在Windows,MAC和Linux之间共享文件 +================================================================================ +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/windows-mac-and-linux-network.jpg) + +家庭[文件共享][1]曾经是一个噩梦,即使在不同的Windows版本之间- 没有考虑Mac和Linux! 这些操作系统现在可以相互通信并且无需特殊软件就可共享文件。 + +我们之前使用SMB协议来做到这点。Windows使用SMB来做文件共享，同时Mac和Linux发行版都内置支持SMB。Microsoft甚至给开源Samba项目[提交补丁][2]来改进它！ + +### 在Windows上共享一个文件夹 ### + +既然其他操作系统不能访问家庭组,您需要[启用Windows老式的文件共享][3]。要做到这点，打开控制面板进入网络和共享> 更改高级共享设置。启用“网络发现”和“文件与打印共享”。 + + +如果你想要无需密码访问共享文件夹你还需要微调一下选项。 + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/enable-file-and-printer-sharing-for-mac-and-linux-on-windows.png) + +在Windows Explorer或者File Explorer中定位你想共享的文件夹，右键点击，选择属性。点击共享标签，并使用这里的选项来共享和配置文件夹的权限。 + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/share-windows-folders-with-mac-and-linux-on-local-network.png) + +### 在Windows上访问共享文件夹 ### + +在Windows Explorer或者File Explorer中访问窗格来浏览其他计算机共享给你的文件。你会看到正确配置后的Mac和Linux计算机在Windows PC机附近出现了。双击一台计算机来查看它的共享文件。 + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/access-ubuntu-linux-shared-folder-on-windows.png) + +如果你知道计算机名或者IP地址，你同样可以直接连接到这台计算机上，只需要在Windows Explorer或者File Explorer中输入//计算名后按下回车就可以了 如果你希望直接通过IP地址连接，只需要将计算机名换成IP地址就可以了 + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/directly-access-network-share-on-windows.png) + +### 在Mac OS X 上共享文件夹 ### + +你需要在你的Mac上启用网络文件共享来共享文件。双击苹果logo，并选择系统偏好。点击共享图标并启用文件共享。点击选项按钮，并确认“使用SMB共享文件和文件夹”已经启用。 + +在共享文件夹那列中选择额外要共享的文件夹。使用用户列来选择哪些用户和组可以访问和写入它们 + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/share-folder-with-windows-from-mac-os-x.png) + +### 在 Mac OS X 访问共享目录### + +打开Finder，在屏幕顶部的菜单中点击Go，选择连接到服务器，输入下面的地址，用Windows计算机名代替COMPUTERNAME：smb://COMPUTERNAME。你同样可以输入计算机IP来代替计算机名。 + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/directly-connect-to-windows-file-share-on-a-mac.png) + +你会被提示你用相应的凭证来验证或者以访客方式登录。连接完成后，在Finder的侧边栏的共享列中就会出现这台计算机， + +要在你每次登录后自动链接到共享文件夹，打开系统偏好窗口并进入用户与组> 登录项。从finder中的共享列中的网络共享拖拽到登录项列表中 + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/windows-shared-folder-on-mac.png) + +### 在 Linux 中共享一个文件夹 ### + +在Linux上使用你桌面文件管理器来共享一个文件。这里我们在Ubuntu 14.04上使用Nautilus，但是在其他文件管理器上的过程应该是相似的。 + +打开文件管理器，在想要共享的文件上右键，选择属性。剪辑本地网络共享标签并对这个文件启用共享。如果这是你第一次启用共享，你会被提示要求安装Samba软件- 这在你提供密码的时候会自动显示。 + +在安装玩Samba软件后配置共享设置- 确认点击创建共享按钮来开始共享文件夹。 + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/share-folder-from-ubuntu-linux-with-windows-pc-over-local-network.png) + +### 在 Linux 上访问共享文件夹 ### + +你的Linux桌面文件管理器可能包含了一个网络浏览器，它可以用来定位并访问在本地网络的共享文件夹。 + +在文件管理器的侧边栏点击浏览网络选项。接着双击Windows网络选项，双击你的工作组（默认是WORKFROUP），双击临近的计算机来浏览它的共享文件。 + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/browse-windows-network-shares-on-ubuntu.png) + +为了直接连接到一台计算机，选中Nautilus中的连接到服务器选项，并输入像这样的远程计算机：smb://COMPUTERNAME + +![](http://cdn.howtogeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/directly-connect-to-windows-shared-folder-on-ubuntu.png) + +然而在你连接时，你可能需要使用具有访问远程计算机权限的用户名和密码来验证。这依赖于你是否启用了访客访问以及你如何设置你的文件夹共享权限。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.howtogeek.com/191116/how-to-share-files-between-windows-mac-and-linux-pcs-on-a-network/ + +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.howtogeek.com/166407/how-to-easily-share-files-between-nearby-computers/ +[2]:http://www.samba.org/samba/news/developers/ms-patch.html +[3]:http://www.howtogeek.com/school/windows-network-sharing/lesson3/ From b17137042e6728388ad7d1df0d26e2098ca9cdf6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Tue, 17 Jun 2014 16:05:46 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 581/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140617-2=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ommand to List Block Device Information.md | 107 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 107 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140617 How to use Linux lsblk Command to List Block Device Information.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20140617 How to use Linux lsblk Command to List Block Device Information.md b/sources/tech/20140617 How to use Linux lsblk Command to List Block Device Information.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2f2ca6da16 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140617 How to use Linux lsblk Command to List Block Device Information.md @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +How to use Linux lsblk Command to List Block Device Information +================================================================================ +The command **lsblk** (list block devices) is used to list information about all available block devices, however, **it does not list information about RAM disks**. Examples of block devices are hard disk, flash drives, CD-ROM e.t.c + +### How To Install lsblk ### + +The command lsblk comes in the package util-linux-ng, now renamed util-linux. The package comes with several other utilities such as dmesg. To install lsblk download util-linux [here][1]. + +### How To Install lsblk In Fedora ### + +Fedora users can install the package as follows: + + $ sudo yum install util-linux-ng + +The command has several options: + +### The Default Option ### + +The command lsblk by default will list all block devices in a tree-like format. Open your terminal and type the command as follows: + + $ lsblk + +The output is as follows: + +![lsblk default](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/lsblk-default.jpg) + +There are seven columns namely: + +**NAME** : This is the device name. + +**MAJ:MIN** : This column shows the major and minor device number. + +**RM** : This column shows whether the device is removable or not. Note in this example the device sdb and sr0 have their RM values equals to 1 indicating they are removable. + +**SIZE** : This is column give information on the size of the device. For example 298.1G indicate the device is 298.1GB and 1K indicate the device size is 1KB. + +**RO** : This indicates whether a device is read-only. In this case all devices have a RO=0, indicating they are not read only. + +**TYPE** :This column shows information whether the block device is a disk or a partition(part) within a disk. In this example sda and sdb are disks while sr0 is a read only memory (rom). + +**MOUNTPOINT** : This column indicates mount point on which the device is mounted. + +### List All Devices ### + +The default option does not list all empty devices. To view these also use the command as follows: + + $ lsblk -a + +This option will list all devices including empty ones. + +![lsblk bytes sda](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/lsblk-bytes-sda.png) + +### List Device Permissions and Owner ### + +The command lsblk can also be used to list the ownership of a particular device as well as the group the mode. This can be achieved as follows: + + $ lsblk -m + +![lsblk permissions](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/lsblk-permissions.png) + +### List Specific Devices ### + +It is possible also to get information about a specific device only. This can be achieved by specifying the device name after the option supplied to lsblk. For example you would be interested to know your hard drive size in bytes. You can accomplish this by running the command as follows: + + $ lsblk -b /dev/sda + +or if you prefer: + + $ lsblk --bytes /dev/sda + +### List Devices Without Header in List Form ### + +You can also combine several options to get a specific output. For example you might want to list the devices in a list format instead of the default tree format. You may also be interested in removing the header with the name of the different columns. The two different options can be combined to achieve the desired output as follows: + + $ lsblk -nl + +or still you can use the option which will give the same output. + + $ lsblk --noheadings --list + +![lsblk no header and list](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/lsblk-no-header-and-list.png) + +### List SCSI Devices ### + +To get a list of SCSI devices only you can use the option -S. This option is capital S and it should not be confused with the option -s which prints dependencies in inverse order. + + $ lsblk -S + +lsblk SCSI devices On the contrary the inverse option will give output as follows: Type the command: + + $ lsblk -s + +or + + $ lsblk --inverse + +lsblk inverse You can use lsblk to get more information about your block devices, try it out today! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-lsblk-command/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/ \ No newline at end of file From bcb2d1b5b9e3af6a309e3b5169ec59b72f69510d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Tue, 17 Jun 2014 16:23:38 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 582/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140617-3=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... Good Ways To Protect Your Linux System.md | 51 ++++ ...disk partitions and disk space on Linux.md | 231 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 282 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140617 9 Good Ways To Protect Your Linux System.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140617 9 commands to check hard disk partitions and disk space on Linux.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20140617 9 Good Ways To Protect Your Linux System.md b/sources/tech/20140617 9 Good Ways To Protect Your Linux System.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b6ad7bf368 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140617 9 Good Ways To Protect Your Linux System.md @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +9 Good Ways To Protect Your Linux System +================================================================================ +Securing your Linux-based system is very important nowadays. But you have to know how to do this. A simple anti-malware software is usually not good enough and you need to take some other steps. Try these, + +![](http://www.efytimes.com/admin/useradmin/photo/2Rak10143PM6172014.jpeg) + +### 1. Use SELinux ### + +[SELinux][1] is a security enhancement to Linux, which allows users and administrators more control over access control. SELinux adds finer granularity to access controls. Instead of only being able to specify who can read, write or execute a file, for example, SELinux lets you specify who can unlink, append only, move a file and so on. + +### 2. Subscribe to a Vulnerability Alert Service ### + +Your operating system may not necessarily be the one that is vulnerable. In fact, vulnerabilities are most often found in the applications that one installs. In order to avoid this, you must keep your applications updated to the newest version. In addition, subscribe to alert services like [SecurityFocus][2]. + +### 3. Disable Unused Services and Applications ### + +In general, users do not use half of the services and applications on their system for most of the time. These services and applications though are kept running, which could make for an invitation to attackers. It is best to keep unused services stopped. + +### 4. Check System Logs ### + +Your system logs tell you what activity has happened on the system, including whether an attacker has been successful in or tried to access the system. Being careful is your first line of defense and your system logs should be regularly monitored for this. + +### 5. Consider Port Knocking ### + +Setting up port knocking is a good way to establish a secure connection with a server. What basically happens is that a special package is sent to the server, which triggers a response/connection from the server. Port knocking is a good defensive manuever for those who have open ports on their systems. + +### 6. Use Iptables ### + +What is Iptables? This is an application framework, which allows the user to write their own powerful firewall for the system. So, learn how to write a good firewall and use the Iptables framework in order to do well. + +### 7. Deny All by Default ### + +Firewalls follow two philosophies: one is to allow every bit of traffic and the other is to deny access to everything, prompting you for permission. The second option is the better of the two. You should only allow the traffic that is important to come in. + +### 8. Use an Intrusion Detection System ### + +An Intrusion Detection System or IDS allows you to manage the traffic and attacks on your system better. [Snort][3] + +Encrypted data is harder and sometimes impossible to steal, which is why you should keep your entire drive encrypted. This way if someone does get access to your system, they will still have a very hard time getting by the encryption. According to some reports, most data loss is through stolen machines. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.efytimes.com/e1/fullnews.asp?edid=141368 + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://selinuxproject.org/page/Main_Page +[2]:http://www.securityfocus.com/rss/vulnerabilities.xml +[3]:http://www.snort.org/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/20140617 9 commands to check hard disk partitions and disk space on Linux.md b/sources/tech/20140617 9 commands to check hard disk partitions and disk space on Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9255ed24d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140617 9 commands to check hard disk partitions and disk space on Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,231 @@ +9 commands to check hard disk partitions and disk space on Linux +================================================================================ +In this post we are taking a look at some commands that can be used to check up the partitions on your system. The commands would check what partitions there are on each disk and other details like the total size, used up space and file system etc. + +Commands like fdisk, sfdisk and cfdisk are general partitioning tools that can not only display the partition information, but also modify them. + +### 1. fdisk ### + +Fdisk is the most commonly used command to check the partitions on a disk. The fdisk command can display the partitions and details like file system type. However it does not report the size of each partitions. + + $ sudo fdisk -l + + Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes + 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors + Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes + Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes + I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes + Disk identifier: 0x30093008 + + Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System + /dev/sda1 * 63 146801969 73400953+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT + /dev/sda2 146802031 976771071 414984520+ f W95 Ext'd (LBA) + /dev/sda5 146802033 351614654 102406311 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT + /dev/sda6 351614718 556427339 102406311 83 Linux + /dev/sda7 556429312 560427007 1998848 82 Linux swap / Solaris + /dev/sda8 560429056 976771071 208171008 83 Linux + + Disk /dev/sdb: 4048 MB, 4048551936 bytes + 54 heads, 9 sectors/track, 16270 cylinders, total 7907328 sectors + Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes + Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes + I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes + Disk identifier: 0x0001135d + + Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System + /dev/sdb1 * 2048 7907327 3952640 b W95 FAT32 + +Each device is reported separately with details about size, seconds, id and individual partitions. + +### 2. sfdisk ### + +Sfdisk is another utility with a purpose similar to fdisk, but with more features. It can display the size of each partition in MB. + + $ sudo sfdisk -l -uM + + Disk /dev/sda: 60801 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track + Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. + DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. + Units = mebibytes of 1048576 bytes, blocks of 1024 bytes, counting from 0 + + Device Boot Start End MiB #blocks Id System + /dev/sda1 * 0+ 71680- 71681- 73400953+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT + /dev/sda2 71680+ 476938 405259- 414984520+ f W95 Ext'd (LBA) + /dev/sda3 0 - 0 0 0 Empty + /dev/sda4 0 - 0 0 0 Empty + /dev/sda5 71680+ 171686- 100007- 102406311 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT + /dev/sda6 171686+ 271693- 100007- 102406311 83 Linux + /dev/sda7 271694 273645 1952 1998848 82 Linux swap / Solaris + /dev/sda8 273647 476938 203292 208171008 83 Linux + + Disk /dev/sdb: 1020 cylinders, 125 heads, 62 sectors/track + Warning: The partition table looks like it was made + for C/H/S=*/54/9 (instead of 1020/125/62). + For this listing I'll assume that geometry. + Units = mebibytes of 1048576 bytes, blocks of 1024 bytes, counting from 0 + + Device Boot Start End MiB #blocks Id System + /dev/sdb1 * 1 3860 3860 3952640 b W95 FAT32 + start: (c,h,s) expected (4,11,6) found (0,32,33) + end: (c,h,s) expected (1023,53,9) found (492,53,9) + /dev/sdb2 0 - 0 0 0 Empty + /dev/sdb3 0 - 0 0 0 Empty + /dev/sdb4 0 - 0 0 0 Empty + +### 3. cfdisk ### + +Cfdisk is a linux partition editor with an interactive user interface based on ncurses. It can be used to list out the existing partitions as well as create or modify them. + +Here is an example of how to use cfdisk to list the partitions. + +![linux cfdisk disk partitions](http://www.binarytides.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/linux-cfdisk.png) + +Cfdisk works with one partition at a time. So if you need to see the details of a particular disk, then pass the device name to cfdisk. + + $ sudo cfdisk /dev/sdb + +### 4. parted ### + +Parted is yet another command line utility to list out partitions and modify them if needed. +Here is an example that lists out the partition details. + + $ sudo parted -l + Model: ATA ST3500418AS (scsi) + Disk /dev/sda: 500GB + Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B + Partition Table: msdos + + Number Start End Size Type File system Flags + 1 32.3kB 75.2GB 75.2GB primary ntfs boot + 2 75.2GB 500GB 425GB extended lba + 5 75.2GB 180GB 105GB logical ntfs + 6 180GB 285GB 105GB logical ext4 + 7 285GB 287GB 2047MB logical linux-swap(v1) + 8 287GB 500GB 213GB logical ext4 + + + Model: Sony Storage Media (scsi) + Disk /dev/sdb: 4049MB + Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B + Partition Table: msdos + + Number Start End Size Type File system Flags + 1 1049kB 4049MB 4048MB primary fat32 boot + +### 5. df ### + +Df is not a partitioning utility, but prints out details about only mounted file systems. The list generated by df even includes file systems that are not real disk partitions. + +Here is a simple example + + $ df -h + Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on + /dev/sda6 97G 43G 49G 48% / + none 4.0K 0 4.0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup + udev 3.9G 8.0K 3.9G 1% /dev + tmpfs 799M 1.7M 797M 1% /run + none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock + none 3.9G 12M 3.9G 1% /run/shm + none 100M 20K 100M 1% /run/user + /dev/sda8 196G 154G 33G 83% /media/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1 + /dev/sda5 98G 37G 62G 38% /media/4668484A68483B47 + +Only the file systems that start with a /dev are actual devices or partitions. + +Use grep to filter out real hard disk partitions/file systems. + + $ df -h | grep ^/dev + /dev/sda6 97G 43G 49G 48% / + /dev/sda8 196G 154G 33G 83% /media/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1 + /dev/sda5 98G 37G 62G 38% /media/4668484A68483B47 + +To display only real disk partitions along with partition type, use df like this + + $ df -h --output=source,fstype,size,used,avail,pcent,target -x tmpfs -x devtmpfs + Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on + /dev/sda6 ext4 97G 43G 49G 48% / + /dev/sda8 ext4 196G 154G 33G 83% /media/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1 + /dev/sda5 fuseblk 98G 37G 62G 38% /media/4668484A68483B47 + +Note that df shows only the mounted file systems or partitions and not all. + +### 6. pydf ### + +Improved version of df, written in python. Prints out all the hard disk partitions in a easy to read manner. + + $ pydf + Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on + /dev/sda6 96G 43G 48G 44.7 [####.....] / + /dev/sda8 195G 153G 32G 78.4 [#######..] /media/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1 + /dev/sda5 98G 36G 61G 37.1 [###......] /media/4668484A68483B47 + +Again, pydf is limited to showing only the mounted file systems. + +### 7. lsblk ### + +Lists out all the storage blocks, which includes disk partitions and optical drives. Details include the total size of the partition/block and the mount point if any. +Does not report the used/free disk space on the partitions. + + $ lsblk + NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT + sda 8:0 0 465.8G 0 disk + ├─sda1 8:1 0 70G 0 part + ├─sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part + ├─sda5 8:5 0 97.7G 0 part /media/4668484A68483B47 + ├─sda6 8:6 0 97.7G 0 part / + ├─sda7 8:7 0 1.9G 0 part [SWAP] + └─sda8 8:8 0 198.5G 0 part /media/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1 + sdb 8:16 1 3.8G 0 disk + └─sdb1 8:17 1 3.8G 0 part + sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom + +If there is no MOUNTPOINT, then it means that the file system is not yet mounted. For cd/dvd this means that there is no disk. + +Lsblk is capbale of displaying more information about each device like the label and model. Check out the man page for more information + +### 8. blkid ### + +Prints the block device (partitions and storage media) attributes like uuid and file system type. Does not report the space on the partitions. + + $ sudo blkid + /dev/sda1: UUID="5E38BE8B38BE6227" TYPE="ntfs" + /dev/sda5: UUID="4668484A68483B47" TYPE="ntfs" + /dev/sda6: UUID="6fa5a72a-ba26-4588-a103-74bb6b33a763" TYPE="ext4" + /dev/sda7: UUID="94443023-34a1-4428-8f65-2fb02e571dae" TYPE="swap" + /dev/sda8: UUID="13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1" TYPE="ext4" + /dev/sdb1: UUID="08D1-8024" TYPE="vfat" + +### 9. hwinfo ### + +The hwinfo is a general purpose hardware information tool and can be used to print out the disk and partition list. The output however does not print details about each partition like the above commands. + + $ hwinfo --block --short + disk: + /dev/sda ST3500418AS + /dev/sdb Sony Storage Media + partition: + /dev/sda1 Partition + /dev/sda2 Partition + /dev/sda5 Partition + /dev/sda6 Partition + /dev/sda7 Partition + /dev/sda8 Partition + /dev/sdb1 Partition + cdrom: + /dev/sr0 SONY DVD RW DRU-190A + +### Summary ### + +The output of parted is concise and complete to get an overview of different partitions, file system on them and the total space. Pydf and df are limited to showing only mounted file systems and the same on them. + +Fdisk and Sfdisk show a whole lot of information that can take sometime to interpret whereas, Cfdisk is an interactive partitioning tool that display a single device at a time. + +So try them out, and do not forget to comment below. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.binarytides.com/linux-command-check-disk-partitions/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file From f8e69a45cf4b3383461be5d48adc8bd2f74fd284 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Frank Zhang Date: Tue, 17 Jun 2014 16:33:26 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 583/601] [translating] Ubuntu for Phones Activated on 10,000 Devices --- .../20140616 Ubuntu for Phones Activated on 10,000 Devices.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu for Phones Activated on 10,000 Devices.md b/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu for Phones Activated on 10,000 Devices.md index 9f0085effc..7b2e2b4159 100644 --- a/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu for Phones Activated on 10,000 Devices.md +++ b/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu for Phones Activated on 10,000 Devices.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +zpl1025 Ubuntu for Phones Activated on 10,000 Devices ================================================================================ ![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-for-Phones-Activated-on-10-000-Devices-446824-2.jpg) @@ -26,4 +27,4 @@ via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-for-Phones-Activated-on-10-000-Device 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 -[1]:http://developer.ubuntu.com/2014/06/10000-users-of-ubuntu-phone/ \ No newline at end of file +[1]:http://developer.ubuntu.com/2014/06/10000-users-of-ubuntu-phone/ From 1bf40348b9a121e7f61dbc92df74a42e743a492b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DeadFire Date: Tue, 17 Jun 2014 16:33:28 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 584/601] =?UTF-8?q?20140617-4=20=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../20140617 Does Linux Lack a Killer App.md | 112 ++++++++++++++++++ ... 14.04 Look Like Mac With Zukimac Theme.md | 51 ++++++++ 2 files changed, 163 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/20140617 Does Linux Lack a Killer App.md create mode 100644 sources/tech/20140617 Make Ubuntu 14.04 Look Like Mac With Zukimac Theme.md diff --git a/sources/talk/20140617 Does Linux Lack a Killer App.md b/sources/talk/20140617 Does Linux Lack a Killer App.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9f21e4c1cc --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20140617 Does Linux Lack a Killer App.md @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +Does Linux Lack a Killer App? +================================================================================ +![](http://www.linuxinsider.com/images/rw302843/linux-killer-app.jpg) + +**What Linux needs most is games, said Hyperlogos blogger Martin Espinoza. However, "if you were trying to narrow it down to one app, it would probably still be Photoshop. For all the talk of how great GIMP has become, usability is still an abject nightmare, and in spite of the OSS community's self-back-patting regarding documentation, there is no documentation for GIMP which is not pathetic."** + +Well the days are heating up here in the Linux blogosphere, and FOSS fans are flocking to the Broken Windows Lounge as much for the frosty air-conditioning as for the conversation. + +Even Linux Girl, whose days generally involve far more pavement-pounding than she'd like, has found herself seeking solace in the blogobar's arctic climes far more often than she probably should. + +It's a good thing she has been, though, or she might have missed the latest juicy debate. "What killer app is Linux missing?" was the question that [kicked things off][1], and the discussion has been escalating ever since. + +"The Free Software world is incredibly rich, and covers pretty much all bases," **Linux Voice's** Mike Saunders began. "We have a wealth of desktop, server, development and multimedia tools to choose from -- some of which are the best in their field. + +"But what is missing?" Sanders went on provocatively. "Is there a killer app that prevents you from running Linux 24x7 on your main machine?" + +There was a momentary lull in the conversation around the bar as patrons pondered the suggestion. Linux Girl tried to enjoy the fleeting peace, but it didn't last for more than an instant. + +### 'Depends on What You Do' ### + +![Linux Girl](http://www.linuxinsider.com/images/article_images/linuxgirl_bg_pinkswirl_150x245.jpg) + +"A long time ago Linux needed a lot of things," Google+ blogger Alessandro Ebersol offered. "These days, when every software and the kitchen sink are migrating to the cloud, everything is going to be multiplatform. + +"I would say we lacked games, but that also is being taken care of," Ebersol said. "So I don't feel that we desperately need a killer app anymore." + +The killer app "depends on what you do with your computer," consultant and [Slashdot][2] blogger Gerhard Mack opined. "If you are drafting, then the killer app is Autocad. But for other industries the killer app will be something else." + +### 'The Enterprise Space' ### + +Google+ blogger Kevin O'Brien had a similar view. + +"There isn't much left on the consumer level," O'Brien said. "I could maybe gripe about games or Nvidia drivers, and I don't really see anything that can replace Quicken. But for me the big difference maker is in the enterprise space. + +"Microsoft owns that, and there is nothing that compares to Outlook/Exchange server, Sharepoint, etc.," he asserted. "I suspect part of the reason is that there are not a lot of open source developers who really care about that stuff." + +### 'The Tide Is Changing' ### + +It's not so much a "missing app" situation as a "not-enough-critical-mass" kind of problem, Google+ blogger Gonzalo Velasco C. suggested. + +Many more people use Linux today than did five years ago, he noted; at the same time, many are tied to non-Linux-friendly applications. + +"'Everybody' uses $kype, but we have half a dozen apps for that in GNU/Linux, from the simple and very useful Pidgin (my favorite) to Ekiga and similar VoIP apps," Gonzalo Velasco C. explained. "Some users still claim they need Photo$hop and don't take the time to master and suggest improvements for GIMP, Inkscape, Bender and others." + +Games used to be missing, "but the tide is changing, mainly -- but not only -- because of Valve's brave SteamOS movement," he added. + +### 'Retail Shelf Space' ### + +"I don't think there are any 'killer' apps these days," blogger [Robert Pogson][3] agreed. "In Debian GNU/Linux, there are 40K packages. My main PC has only 3K installed and I lack nothing. I have multiple browsers, editors, compilers/interpreters, platforms, and with virtual machinery like KVM, I can play with multiple operating systems and different versions of software as needed. + +"I can treat multiple machines as if they were a single machine from anywhere on the LAN," Pogson added. "I can access resources on any node on the LAN from any machine. What more do I need?" + +That said, "several professionals have told me that video and image editors in GNU/Linux are a bit weak," he noted. "GIMP is being improved in bit-depth, so that should be covered. Lightworks will eventually be released as FLOSS, so video should be covered." + +Nevertheless, "these are tiny niches in IT," he pointed out. "Many ordinary folks go decades without using those other special applications, so I don't think this is anything holding GNU/Linux back." + +The real killer in the market, however, is lack of shelf space in retail stores, Pogson asserted. "Where that is covered, GNU/Linux thrives." + +### 'Linux Has Lost Out to OS X' ### + +Chris Travers, a [blogger][4] who works on the [LedgerSMB][5] project, had a different perspective. + +"I don't think that it is a question of killer apps," he began. "The real issue is that on the desktop, Linux has generally lost out to OS X, while it is increasingly dominating the server market along with the BSDs. People who use Linux on the desktop tend to be looking for openness." + +What Linux needs is either "the momentum of Microsoft or the smooth UI and attention to detail of OS X," Travers said. "These may come over time." + +### The Documentation Problem ### + +Linux isn't missing one killer app -- "what it's missing is polish, as always," [Hyperlogos][6] blogger Martin Espinoza opined. "No desktop environment for Linux has the polish of Windows XP, let alone Windows 7. + +"Move away from the bloat and oversimplicity of GNOME or from the widget salad of [KDE][7] to what, Xfce or LXDE, with their perfectly horrible file managers and primitive panels?" Espinoza added. "GNOME is the only DE that ever got close, and then they decided to remove all the complexity and eliminate their reason to exist." + +Windows is just "a nicer place to hang out," he asserted. + +Still, if Linux is missing anything for broader acceptance, "that is games," Espinoza said. "If you were trying to narrow it down to one app, it would probably still be Photoshop. For all the talk of how great GIMP has become, usability is still an abject nightmare, and in spite of the OSS community's self-back-patting regarding documentation, there is no documentation for GIMP which is not pathetic." + +GIMP "might be able to do most of the things Photoshop can do, but I'll probably never know," Espinoza concluded. "I suppose if I spent hours trolling fora I could find out how to use GIMP. This failing is shared by most OSS projects, including the ones that think they're really well-documented." + +### 'Ease of Use and Support' ### + +Ease of use and support are the "killer app" SoylentNews blogger hairyfeet named. + +"Oh, a freshly installed Linux distro LOOKS nice, it works great; the problem is it doesn't CONTINUE to look nice or work great," he explained. "First update and whoops! Wireless no longer can use WPA V2. Second update? Whoops, say goodbye to sound, as Pulse has puked. First 'upgrade'? Uh oh, hope you didn't need that! + +"THIS is what Windows and OS X have that Linux doesn't: the ease of use and support," hairyfeet concluded. "As long as it takes 15+ Linux releases to equal the same support cycle a single Windows release gets? Then I'm sorry, but your product is just not in the same league -- you are comparing HS baseball to the majors." + +### 'Windows 8' ### + +Last but not least, [Linux Rants][8] blogger Mike Stone had a surprising suggestion. + +"The killer app that Linux has been missing all these years is Windows 8," Stone quipped. + +"Seriously, I don't think there is a particular app that can be the 'killer app,'" he said. "Linux needs to have more mainstream application support, and that's going to mean Photoshop and Microsoft Office at the minimum. Thankfully, Microsoft has done their best to make Office less relevant, and most people don't need Photoshop." + +Linux "could be reaching critical mass, and I was only partially joking when I said Windows 8 earlier," he concluded. "The application base in Linux is starting to arrive, and the current version of Windows is remarkably unpopular. Fingers crossed we see some motion here soon." + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.linuxvoice.com/voice-of-the-masses-what-killer-app-is-linux-missing/ +[2]:http://slashdot.org/ +[3]:http://mrpogson.com/ +[4]:http://ledgersmbdev.blogspot.com/ +[5]:http://www.ledgersmb.org/ +[6]:http://hyperlogos.org/ +[7]:http://www.kde.org/ +[8]:http://linuxrants.com/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/20140617 Make Ubuntu 14.04 Look Like Mac With Zukimac Theme.md b/sources/tech/20140617 Make Ubuntu 14.04 Look Like Mac With Zukimac Theme.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..28b76d3e52 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140617 Make Ubuntu 14.04 Look Like Mac With Zukimac Theme.md @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +Make Ubuntu 14.04 Look Like Mac With Zukimac Theme +================================================================================ +![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Make_Ubuntu_Look_Like_Mac_OS.jpeg) + +Ubuntu Unity itself is a beautiful desktop but people over the world are smitten by the looks of Mac OS X. If you are among one of those, you don’t need to ditch Ubuntu just for the sake of OS X looks. Instead you can give it a makeover and **make Ubuntu 14.04 look like Mac OS X**. + +### Make Ubuntu 14.04 look like Mac OS X ### + +To give Ubuntu a makeover of Mac, we shall be using Zukimac theme. + +- Get Zukimac theme from the link below:[Download Zukimac Theme for Ubuntu 14.04][1] +- Extract the downloaded zipped file. You will find two directories in there, Zukimac and Zukimac-ml. Copy these to .themes directory in your home directory. Go to Home and press Ctrl+H to show all the hidden folders. If there is no .themes folder here, create one. +- Use [Unity Tweak Tool to change the theme][2]. + +That’s it. Zukimac gives some a basic look and feel of Mac OS. Here is what it looks like with default OS X Maveric wallpaper. + +![Make Ubuntu 14.04 look like Mac OS X](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Ubuntu_MAC_OS_Looks.jpeg) + +### Further changes to get Mac feel in Ubuntu 14.04 ### + +Additionally, you can **install a dock launcher like Plank** or Docky. To install Plank in Ubuntu 14.04 use the commands below: + + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ricotz/docky + sudo apt-get update + sudo apt-get install plank + +Along with the dock launcher, you can also install S**ynapse indicator as an alternative of Mac Spotlight**. Use the following PPA from Noobslabs to install Synapse indicator: + + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/apps + sudo apt-get update + sudo apt-get install indicator-synapse + +Apart from these two, you can also install **Slingscold launcher, alternative of Mac OS X launchpad**. Use the same Noobslabs PPA as mentioned above to install Slingscold launcher in Ubuntu 14.04: + + sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/apps + sudo apt-get update + sudo apt-get install slingscold + +Honestly, I am an avid Ubuntu fan and I like Ubuntu’s default Unity looks. In addition, there are plenty of [beautiful icon themes in Ubuntu 14.04][3] to beautify it. But as I mentioned before there are plenty of people who like Mac OS X and I hope this tutorial helped them to make Ubuntu 14.04 look and feel like Mac OS X. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-1404-mac-zukimac-theme/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://gnome-look.org/content/show.php/Zukimac?content=165450 +[2]:http://itsfoss.com/how-to-install-themes-in-ubuntu-13-10/ +[3]:http://itsfoss.com/best-icon-themes-ubuntu-1404/ \ No newline at end of file From 0a68a2c8fc478f33dc093e17db6c135d37c1487f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Frank Zhang Date: Tue, 17 Jun 2014 17:46:29 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 585/601] [translated] 20140616 Ubuntu for Phones Activated on 10,000 Devices --- ... for Phones Activated on 10,000 Devices.md | 30 ------------------- ... for Phones Activated on 10,000 Devices.md | 29 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu for Phones Activated on 10,000 Devices.md create mode 100644 translated/news/20140616 Ubuntu for Phones Activated on 10,000 Devices.md diff --git a/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu for Phones Activated on 10,000 Devices.md b/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu for Phones Activated on 10,000 Devices.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7b2e2b4159..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu for Phones Activated on 10,000 Devices.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,30 +0,0 @@ -zpl1025 -Ubuntu for Phones Activated on 10,000 Devices -================================================================================ -![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-for-Phones-Activated-on-10-000-Devices-446824-2.jpg) - -**Canonical has announced that their Ubuntu for phones operating system has been activated on 10,000 devices, marking an important milestone for the company.** - -Ubuntu for phones was announced at the beginning of 2013 and the development team has been working on it since then. It took them a while to get a functioning version and they've been improving it constantly. - -This new 10,000 milestone is important because company doesn't have devices shipping with the operating system. So far, only users with Nexus devices, phones and tablets, have been able to install it. This means a lot for an OS that you can only download. - -“Ubuntu phone (and tablet) users sign into their Ubuntu One account on their device in order to download or update the applications on their phone. This allows us to provide many useful features that users expect coming from Android or iOS, such as being able to re-install their collection of apps on a new phone or after resetting their current one, or browsing the store’s website (coming soon) and having the option to install an app directly to their device from there.” - -“As a side effect, it means we know how many unique Ubuntu One accounts have connected to the store to in order to download an app, and that number has this week passed the 10,000 mark,” [said][1] Canonical’s Michal Hall. - -Currently, user don’t have to delete their Android from their Nexus devices because it’s possible to dual boot, and there are even a few ways to do it. The first devices that will ship with Ubuntu preinstalled will arrive later this year, most likely before the holiday season, and the community’s interest is already at an all-high level. - -Canonical also created an Ubuntu SDK to help developers make apps for the new operating systems and there are already quite a few native apps that rival the ones on other platforms. They are not there yet, but they still have a few months until the official release and there is still plenty of time get a decent amount of applications and not just some web app replacements. - -If you have a Nexus 4 phones or a Nexus 7 tablet, you can install Ubuntu right now. It’s still rough around the edges and you might find it a little too different from what you were used to, but give it time and you will grow to like it. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-for-Phones-Activated-on-10-000-Devices-446824.shtml - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://developer.ubuntu.com/2014/06/10000-users-of-ubuntu-phone/ diff --git a/translated/news/20140616 Ubuntu for Phones Activated on 10,000 Devices.md b/translated/news/20140616 Ubuntu for Phones Activated on 10,000 Devices.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5737fb60a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/20140616 Ubuntu for Phones Activated on 10,000 Devices.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +手机版Ubuntu在第10,000台设备上被激活 +================================================================================ +![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Ubuntu-for-Phones-Activated-on-10-000-Devices-446824-2.jpg) + +**科能公司(Canonical)日前宣布手机版Ubuntu操作系统在第10,000台设备上被激活，这为公司奠定了一个重要的里程碑。** + +手机版Ubuntu项目于2013年初公布，开发团队之后就一直在上面工作。他们花了一些时间才拿出一个可用的版本，之后在这个基础上不断地改善。 + +这个10,000台里程碑之所以重要，是因为公司本身并没有销售任何装载这款操作系统的设备。到目前为止，只有Nexus用户，手机或平板，才可以安装它。这对于一个只提供下载的操作系统来说意义重大。 + +“Ubuntu手机（平板）用户需要在他们的设备上登录Ubuntu One账号，才可以下载或更新应用。这就让我们可以为用户提供许多从Android或iOS借鉴过来的功能，例如在新手机上或是手机重置之后自动重新安装所有应用，或是浏览商城网站（很快发布）时可以选择直接安装应用到设备上。” + +“这个功能的另外一个效果是，它可以让我们知道有多少唯一的Ubuntu One账号登陆过商城来下载应用，而这个数字在本周突破了10,000的记录。”科能公司的Michal Hall[说][1]。 + +目前，用户不需要在Nexus设备上删除Android，因为可以支持双启动，而且还有好几种方式。而预装Ubuntu系统的设备将在今年晚些时候出货，希望赶在假日旺季之前，社区成员已经有非常高的热情了。 + +科能公司还建立了一套Ubuntu SDK来帮助开发者为这个新操作系统开发应用，而且已经有很多从其他平台移植的原生应用了。它们还没做好，但是离正式发布还有几个月，还有大量时间来准备足够数量的原生应用，不仅仅是替代的网页应用。 + +如果你有Nexus 4手机或是Nexus 7平板，你现在就可以在上面安装Ubuntu。细节上仍然还有些粗糙，但是你会发现你已经熟悉的设备变得大不一样，请多花点时间，然后你会喜欢它的。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-for-Phones-Activated-on-10-000-Devices-446824.shtml + +译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://developer.ubuntu.com/2014/06/10000-users-of-ubuntu-phone/ From 1d7b046c1e93f0b19a3f07a4055c17eaedf6e1d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: tenght Date: Tue, 17 Jun 2014 21:16:44 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 586/601] Update 20140617 9 commands to check hard disk partitions and disk space on Linux.md translating by tenght --- ...ds to check hard disk partitions and disk space on Linux.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140617 9 commands to check hard disk partitions and disk space on Linux.md b/sources/tech/20140617 9 commands to check hard disk partitions and disk space on Linux.md index 9255ed24d3..8ae56072a2 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140617 9 commands to check hard disk partitions and disk space on Linux.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140617 9 commands to check hard disk partitions and disk space on Linux.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +-------------translating by tenght~ 9 commands to check hard disk partitions and disk space on Linux ================================================================================ In this post we are taking a look at some commands that can be used to check up the partitions on your system. The commands would check what partitions there are on each disk and other details like the total size, used up space and file system etc. @@ -228,4 +229,4 @@ via: http://www.binarytides.com/linux-command-check-disk-partitions/ 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From e34e5c95ce0797d52ad03d2d30f33d88b6cf7910 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: 2q1w2007 <2q1w2007@163.com> Date: Tue, 17 Jun 2014 22:23:24 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 587/601] =?UTF-8?q?2q1w2007=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E4=B8=AD?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 2q1w2007翻译中 --- ...6 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md b/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md index 885e80f7bb..e52cf4cd90 100644 --- a/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md +++ b/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +2q1w2007翻译中 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download ================================================================================ ![Unity 8′s tablet face](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/1.jpg) @@ -35,4 +36,4 @@ via:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/06/unity-8-daily-build-images-go-live [1]:https://blueprints.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+spec/client-1410-unity8-desktop-iso [2]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/ubuntu-unity-8-desktop-flavour-discussed -[3]:http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-desktop-next/daily-live/current/ \ No newline at end of file +[3]:http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-desktop-next/daily-live/current/ From 2d7bd51a0a0854da879d7467f3269fc066e68825 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Tue, 17 Jun 2014 22:48:40 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 588/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9ALinux=20Term?= =?UTF-8?q?inal--Dstat=20monitoring=20tools?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @disylee --- .../Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md | 126 ++++++++++++++++ .../Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md | 142 ------------------ 2 files changed, 126 insertions(+), 142 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md delete mode 100644 translated/tech/Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md diff --git a/published/Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md b/published/Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..198db278cc --- /dev/null +++ b/published/Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ +Linux终端下 dstat 监控工具 +================================================================================ + +dstat 是一个可以取代vmstat，iostat，netstat和ifstat这些命令的多功能产品。dstat克服了这些命令的局限并增加了一些另外的功能，增加了监控项，也变得更灵活了。dstat可以很方便监控系统运行状况并用于基准测试和排除故障。 + +dstat可以让你实时地看到所有系统资源，例如，你能够通过统计IDE控制器当前状态来比较磁盘利用率，或者直接通过网络带宽数值来比较磁盘的吞吐率（在相同的时间间隔内）。 + +dstat将以列表的形式为你提供选项信息并清晰地告诉你是在何种幅度和单位显示输出。这样更好地避免了信息混乱和误报。更重要的是，它可以让你更容易编写插件来收集你想要的数据信息，以从未有过的方式进行扩展。 + +Dstat的默认输出是专门为人们实时查看而设计的，不过你也可以将详细信息通过CSV输出到一个文件，并导入到Gnumeric或者Excel生成表格中。 + +###特性### + +- 结合了vmstat，iostat，ifstat，netstat以及更多的信息 +- 实时显示统计情况 +- 在分析和排障时可以通过启用监控项并排序 +- 模块化设计 +- 使用python编写的，更方便扩展现有的工作任务 +- 容易扩展和添加你的计数器（请为此做出贡献） +- 包含的许多扩展插件充分说明了增加新的监控项目是很方便的 +- 可以分组统计块设备/网络设备，并给出总数 +- 可以显示每台设备的当前状态 +- 极准确的时间精度，即便是系统负荷较高也不会延迟显示 +- 显示准确地单位和和限制转换误差范围 +- 用不同的颜色显示不同的单位 +- 显示中间结果延时小于1秒 +- 支持输出CSV格式报表，并能导入到Gnumeric和Excel以生成图形 + +### 安装方法 ### + +Ubuntu/Mint和Debin系统： + +本地软件库中有相关安装包，你可以用下面命令安装： + + # sudo apt-get install dstat + +RHEL/Centos和Fedora系统: + +你可以在romforge软件库中添加有相关安装包，参照[指导][2]，使用如下命令很简单就能进行安装： + + # yum install dstat + +ArchLinux系统： + +相关软件包在社区资源库中，你可以用这个命令来安装： + + # pacman -S dstat + +###使用方法 ### + +dstat的基本用法就是输入dstat命令，输出如下： + +![](http://cdn.linuxaria.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/dstat.png) + +这是默认输出显示的信息： + +**CPU状态**：CPU的使用率。这项报告更有趣的部分是显示了用户，系统和空闲部分，这更好地分析了CPU当前的使用状况。如果你看到"wait"一栏中，CPU的状态是一个高使用率值，那说明系统存在一些其它问题。当CPU的状态处在"waits"时，那是因为它正在等待I/O设备（例如内存，磁盘或者网络）的响应而且还没有收到。 + +**磁盘统计**：磁盘的读写操作，这一栏显示磁盘的读、写总数。 + +**网络统计**：网络设备发送和接受的数据，这一栏显示的网络收、发数据总数。 + +**分页统计**：系统的分页活动。分页指的是一种内存管理技术用于查找系统场景，一个较大的分页表明系统正在使用大量的交换空间，或者说内存非常分散，大多数情况下你都希望看到page in（换入）和page out（换出）的值是0 0。 + +**系统统计**：这一项显示的是中断（int）和上下文切换（csw）。这项统计仅在有比较基线时才有意义。这一栏中较高的统计值通常表示大量的进程造成拥塞，需要对CPU进行关注。你的服务器一般情况下都会运行运行一些程序，所以这项总是显示一些数值。 + +默认情况下，dstat每秒都会刷新数据。如果想退出dstat，你可以按"CTRL-C"键。 + +需要注意的是报告的第一行，通常这里所有的统计都不显示数值的。 + +这是由于dstat会通过上一次的报告来给出一个总结，所以第一次运行时是没有平均值和总值的相关数据。 + +但是dstat可以通过传递2个参数运行来控制报告间隔和报告数量。例如，如果你想要dstat输出默认监控、报表输出的时间间隔为3秒钟,并且报表中输出10个结果，你可以运行如下命令： + + dstat 3 10 + +在dstat命令中有很多参数可选，你可以通过man dstat命令查看，大多数常用的参数有这些： + +- -l ：显示负载统计量 +- -m ：显示内存使用率（包括used，buffer，cache，free值） +- -r ：显示I/O统计 +- -s ：显示交换分区使用情况 +- -t ：将当前时间显示在第一行 +- –fs ：显示文件系统统计数据（包括文件总数量和inodes值） +- –nocolor ：不显示颜色（有时候有用） +- –socket ：显示网络统计数据 +- –tcp ：显示常用的TCP统计 +- –udp ：显示监听的UDP接口及其当前用量的一些动态数据 + +当然不止这些用法，dstat附带了一些**插件**很大程度地扩展了它的功能。你可以通过查看/usr/share/dstat目录来查看它们的一些使用方法，常用的有这些： + +- -–disk-util ：显示某一时间磁盘的忙碌状况 +- -–freespace ：显示当前磁盘空间使用率 +- -–proc-count ：显示正在运行的程序数量 +- -–top-bio ：指出块I/O最大的进程 +- -–top-cpu ：图形化显示CPU占用最大的进程 +- -–top-io ：显示正常I/O最大的进程 +- -–top-mem ：显示占用最多内存的进程 + + +举一些例子： + +查看全部内存都有谁在占用： + + dstat -g -l -m -s --top-mem + +显示一些关于CPU资源损耗的数据： + + dstat -c -y -l --proc-count --top-cpu + +###如何输出一个csv文件### + +想输出一个csv格式的文件用于以后，可以通过下面的命令： + + # dstat –output /tmp/sampleoutput.csv -cdn + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://linuxaria.com/howto/linux-terminal-dstat-monitoring-tools + +译者：[disylee](https://github.com/disylee) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://linuxaria.com/tag/network +[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/install-and-enable-rpmforge-repository-in-rhel-centos-6-5-4/ diff --git a/translated/tech/Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md b/translated/tech/Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md deleted file mode 100644 index c7b9b751af..0000000000 --- a/translated/tech/Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,142 +0,0 @@ - - -Linux终端：Dstat监控工具 -================================================================================ - -Dstat 是一个可以取代vmstat，iostat，netstat和ifstat这些命令的多功能产品。Dstat克服了这些命令的局限并增加了一些另外的功能，比如增加了运算能力和变得更灵活了。Dstat在很方便监控系统运行状况并用于基准测试和排除故障。 - - -Dstat可以让你实时地看到所有系统资源，例如，你能够通过中断IDE控制器来比较磁盘利用率，或者直接通过网络带宽数来比较磁盘的吞吐率（在相同的时间间隔内）。 - -Dstat将以列表的形式为你提供选项信息并清晰地告诉你是在何种幅度和单位显示输出。这样更好地避免了信息混乱和误报。更重要的是，它让你更方便写插件来收集你想要的数据信息，并且这种方式会令你意想不到。 - - -Dstat的默认输出是专门为人们实时解释而设计的，然而你却可以将详细信息通过CSV输出到一个文件或导入到Gnumeric或者Excel生成表格。 - - -###特征### - - -- 结合了vmstat，iostat，ifstat，netstat等信息 -- 实时显示统计情况 -- 运算结果在分析和排障时具有重要意义 -- 模块化设计 -- 使用python编写的，更方便扩展现有的工作任务 -- 容易扩展和添加你的计数器（请为此做出贡献） -- 包含了许多扩展插件以方便添加计数器 -- 分组统计节点/网络设备总数 -- 显示每台设备说明 -- 极准确的时间帧，当系统负荷时不存在时间差 -- 显示准确地单位和限制转换过程中产生的错误 -- 用不同的颜色显示不同的单元内容 -- 显示中间结果延时小于1秒 -- 支持输出CSV格式报表，并能导入到Gnumeric和Excel生成表格 - -### 安装方法 ### - -Ubuntu/Mint和Debin系统： -本地软件库中有相关安装包，你可以用下面命令安装： - - - # sudo apt-get install dstat - - -RHEL/Centos和Fedora系统: -你可以在romforge软件库中添加有相关安装包，参照[2】指导后，使用命令很简单就能进行安装： - # yum install dstat - -ArchLinux系统： - -相关软件包在社区资源库中，你可以用这个命令来安装： - - # pacman -S dstat - - -###使用方法 ### - - -dstat的基本用法只是用dstat命令就会像这样输出： -![](http://cdn.linuxaria.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/dstat.png) - - -这是默认输出显示的信息： - - -CPU状态：CPU的使用率。这项报告更有趣的部分是显示了用户，系统，和空闲，这更好地分析了CPU当前的使用状况。如果你看到"wait"一栏中，CPU的状态是一个高使用率值，那说明系统存在一些其它问题。当CPU的状态在"waits"时，那是因为它正在等待I/O设备（例如内存，磁盘或者网络）的响应而且还没有收到。 - - -**磁盘统计**：磁盘的读写操作，这一栏显示磁盘的读写总数。 - - -**网络统计**：网络设备发送和接受的数据，这一栏显示的网络收发数据的总数。 - - -**分页统计**：系统的分页活动。分页指的是一种内存管理技术用于查找系统场景，一个高水平的分页表明系统正在使用大量的交换空间，或者说内存非常分散，大多数情况下你都希望看到page in和page out的值是0 0。 - -**系统统计**：这一项显示的是中断（int）和文本转换（csw）。如果你需要一个基线来比较他们的话，这项统计通常是唯一有用的。这一栏中较高的统计值通常表示大量的进程造成拥塞，需要对CPU进行关注。当你的服务器默认情况下正在运行一些程序时，那一项将会显示一些数值。 - - -默认情况下，dstat每秒都会刷新数据。如果想退出dstat，你可以按"control-C"键。 - -需要注意的是报告的第一行通常所有统计都不显示数值的。 - - -这是由于dstat会通过上一次的报告来给出一个总结。所以第一次运行时是没有平均值和总值的相关数据。 - -但是dstat可以通过传递2个参数运行输出来控制报告和报告数量之间的延迟。例如，如果你想要dstat输出默认统计，和报表输出的时间间隔未3秒钟,并且报表中输出10个结果，你可以运行如下命令： - - - dstat 3 10 - - -在dstat命令中有很多参数可选，你可以通过man dstat命令查看，大多数常用的参数有这些： - -- -l = shows load statistics #显示加载统计量# -- -m = shows the memory usage (used, buffer, cache, free) #显示内存使用率（包括used，buffer，cache，free值）# -- -r = displays I/O statistics, #显示I/O统计# -- -s = shows the swap usage #显示swap使用情况# -- -t = puts the current time in the first column #将当前时间显示在第一行# -- –fs = displays file system stats (includes amount of files and used inodes)#显示系统数据（包括文件总数量和inodes值）# -- –nocolor = sometimes very useful… -- –socket = shows interesting network statistics #显示感兴趣的网络数据# -- –tcp = displays common TCP stats #显示常用的CPU统计# -- –udp = shows you the listen and active figures for the UDP usage #显示你监听的和UDP用法中的一些动态数据# - - -当然不止这些用法，dstat附带了一些**插件**很大程度地扩展了它的功能。你可以通过查看/usr/share/dstat目录来查看它们的一些使用方法，常用的有这些： - -- –disk-util = shows how much the disks are busy at the moment#显示某一时间磁盘的忙碌状况# -- –freespace = shows the current disk usage#显示当前磁盘使用率# -- –proc-count = displays the number of running processes#显示正在运行的程序数量# -- –top-bio = points to the most expensive block I/O process #指出最大块I/O进程# -- –top-cpu = draws the attention on the most expensive CPU process#图形化显示最值得引起注意的CPU进程# -- –top-io = shows the most expensive “normal” I/O process#显示大多数正常的I/O进程# -- –top-mem = displays the process using the most memory#显示占用最多内存的进程# - - -举一些例子： - -查看全部内存都有谁在占用： - - dstat -g -l -m -s --top-mem - -显示一些关于CPU资源损耗的数据： - - dstat -c -y -l --proc-count --top-cpu - - -###如何输出一个csv文件### -在往后的使用中，想输出一个csv格式的文件可以通过下面的命令： - - # dstat –output /tmp/sampleoutput.csv -cdn - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://linuxaria.com/howto/linux-terminal-dstat-monitoring-tools - -译者：disylee (https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://linuxaria.com/tag/network -[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/install-and-enable-rpmforge-repository-in-rhel-centos-6-5-4/ From 8495e4e17515352097cc61bf7968d18fcd833e78 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: 2q1w2007 <2q1w2007@163.com> Date: Tue, 17 Jun 2014 23:00:47 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 589/601] Update 20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md --- ...Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md | 31 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md b/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md index e52cf4cd90..05cb9b9c08 100644 --- a/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md +++ b/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md @@ -1,36 +1,35 @@ 2q1w2007翻译中 -Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download +下一代Ubuntu14.10镜像已开放下载 ================================================================================ -![Unity 8′s tablet face](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/1.jpg) -Unity 8′s tablet face +![Ubuntu 运行在8寸平板上](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/1.jpg) +Ubuntu 运行在8寸平板上 -**Desktop builds of Ubuntu 14.10 using Unity 8 and Mir by default have [been made available][1] to download — not that most users will want to.** +**不像大多数用户想得那样，Ubuntu 14.10 的桌面版默认使用Unity 8和Mir[已可下载][1]** -Plans for a separate Unity 8 desktop flavour were [discussed last month][2]. The aim of the images is to provide developers and testers with a means to identify and document the types of changes needed to tailor both fledgling technologies to traditional desktop usage. +Ubuntu 14.10镜像计划提供单独的Unity 8桌面 [上个月讨论的][2]。 提供此镜像目的是给开发者和测试人员提供一个识别并记录从传统界面到使用两种新技术的界面的变化的手段 -What these images are not is any sort of stable consumer release ready for production testing. These builds are, and will continue to be, highly unstable, buggy and in a state of feature flux from now up until October — and possibly beyond. Anyone expecting a polished, useable or ‘converged’ desktop will be sorely disappointed as the Unity 8 desktop ISO currently uses the Tablet UI. +此镜像并不为为任何稳定的消费者进行生产测试。这个版本会并将会是极不稳定而充满bug的，在十月之前还会不断有变动。所有想要一个完美的、可用的或统一的的桌面的人都会失望因为Unity 8 桌面版 ISO 用的是平板的UI。 -### Work Getting Underway ### +### 工作进行中 ### -Work on building competent window management features into Mir and Unity 8 is only just getting underway. Similarly, since desktop-grade graphics chips are yet to add Mir compatible GPU drivers the experience will vary wildly between hardware and users. Virtual machine support is also not a given. +为Mir和Unity 8建立足够的窗口管理特性的工作正在进行中。同样的，在桌面显卡完全兼容Mir之前，硬件和用户之间发生的经历将会不同，而且不会支持虚拟机。支持 -As Unity 8 on the desktop starts to come together users won’t be presented with a UI too dissimilar to what they’re used to, hinted Ubuntu’s founder Mark Shuttleworth in a recent video Q&A. +桌面Unity 8界面将开始融合，用户会提出界面与原来相差太大的问题，详见Ubuntu的创始人Mark Shuttleworth最近的视频的问答模块 -This is good news. Microsoft tried to foist a tablet, touch-orientated UI on desktop users with Windows 8. Reception was mixed and the critical mauling severe. It has had to continually issue “refinements” — ‘concessions’ if you want to be cynical — to counter the complaints. +这是个好消息，微软在桌面Windows8上强加了平板界面和为触摸屏设计的UI。结果被骂的不轻，不得不不断地发出"改进"来对付投诉——在你吐槽后让步。 -### Download Unity 8 Desktop Builds ### +### 下载Unity 8桌面版本 ### +按计划 Ubuntu 14.10，预定在 10 月 23 日发行稳定版，将继续基于 X.Org，Compiz 和Unity 7。运行在Mir的Unity8预计将在 2016 年 4 月作出下一个 LTS 之前,成为新的的默认桌面。 -Regular Ubuntu 14.10, due for release on October 23, will continue to be based on X.Org, Compiz and Unity 7. Unity 8 running on Mir is expected to be made default desktop before the next LTS, due in April 2016. +此版本还不具有可用性，下方链接的镜像只是为了协助开发人员测试和完善，不是为了用户适应新的TARDIS样式。 -Largely unusable at this point, the images linked to below are designed primarily to assist developers test and improve, not help Joe User spin TARDIS-style to Ubuntu’s future. - -- [Download Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 (.iso)][3] +- [下载下一代Ubuntu14.10 (.iso)][3] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/06/unity-8-daily-build-images-go-live -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[2q1w2007](https://github.com/2q1w2007) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 418e42e8e7d56c060452c4fdb2a8fae8cd5e200f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: 2q1w2007 <2q1w2007@163.com> Date: Tue, 17 Jun 2014 23:02:09 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 590/601] Update 20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md --- ...16 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md b/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md index 05cb9b9c08..e8d7ce4110 100644 --- a/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md +++ b/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Ubuntu 运行在8寸平板上 **不像大多数用户想得那样，Ubuntu 14.10 的桌面版默认使用Unity 8和Mir[已可下载][1]** -Ubuntu 14.10镜像计划提供单独的Unity 8桌面 [上个月讨论的][2]。 提供此镜像目的是给开发者和测试人员提供一个识别并记录从传统界面到使用两种新技术的界面的变化的手段 +根据[上个月的讨论][2]Ubuntu 14.10镜像计划提供单独的Unity 8桌面 。 提供此镜像目的是给开发者和测试人员提供一个识别并记录从传统界面到使用两种新技术的界面的变化的手段 此镜像并不为为任何稳定的消费者进行生产测试。这个版本会并将会是极不稳定而充满bug的，在十月之前还会不断有变动。所有想要一个完美的、可用的或统一的的桌面的人都会失望因为Unity 8 桌面版 ISO 用的是平板的UI。 From 99db802aa775bd25670a252652e4f9720e69f98e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: 2q1w2007 <2q1w2007@163.com> Date: Tue, 17 Jun 2014 23:02:22 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 591/601] Update 20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md --- ...616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md b/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md index e8d7ce4110..a59a3f2329 100644 --- a/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md +++ b/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md @@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ 下一代Ubuntu14.10镜像已开放下载 ================================================================================ ![Ubuntu 运行在8寸平板上](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/1.jpg) + Ubuntu 运行在8寸平板上 **不像大多数用户想得那样，Ubuntu 14.10 的桌面版默认使用Unity 8和Mir[已可下载][1]** From 57019d7d5edc163dc83592433f38b5ada6bf5e61 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: 2q1w2007 <2q1w2007@163.com> Date: Tue, 17 Jun 2014 23:03:14 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 592/601] Update 20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md --- ...16 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md b/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md index a59a3f2329..24c80688b8 100644 --- a/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md +++ b/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Ubuntu 运行在8寸平板上 -**不像大多数用户想得那样，Ubuntu 14.10 的桌面版默认使用Unity 8和Mir[已可下载][1]** +**不像大多数用户想得那样，Ubuntu 14.10 的桌面版默认使用Unity 8和Mir([现已可下载][1])** 根据[上个月的讨论][2]Ubuntu 14.10镜像计划提供单独的Unity 8桌面 。 提供此镜像目的是给开发者和测试人员提供一个识别并记录从传统界面到使用两种新技术的界面的变化的手段 From 6719b3660ae06c0b9ed704b016e8a9e3a9c5918d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: 2q1w2007 <2q1w2007@163.com> Date: Tue, 17 Jun 2014 23:07:17 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 593/601] Update 20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md --- ...esktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md | 12 ++++++------ 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md b/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md index 24c80688b8..e5e760723b 100644 --- a/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md +++ b/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md @@ -7,20 +7,20 @@ Ubuntu 运行在8寸平板上 **不像大多数用户想得那样，Ubuntu 14.10 的桌面版默认使用Unity 8和Mir([现已可下载][1])** -根据[上个月的讨论][2]Ubuntu 14.10镜像计划提供单独的Unity 8桌面 。 提供此镜像目的是给开发者和测试人员提供一个识别并记录从传统界面到使用两种新技术的界面的变化的手段 +根据[上个月的讨论][2]Ubuntu 14.10镜像计划提供单独的Unity 8桌面。 提供此镜像目的是给开发者和测试人员提供一个识别并记录从传统界面到使用两种新技术的界面的变化的手段。 -此镜像并不为为任何稳定的消费者进行生产测试。这个版本会并将会是极不稳定而充满bug的，在十月之前还会不断有变动。所有想要一个完美的、可用的或统一的的桌面的人都会失望因为Unity 8 桌面版 ISO 用的是平板的UI。 +此镜像并不为为任何稳定的消费者进行生产测试。这个版本会并将会是极不稳定而充满bug的，在十月之前还会不断有变动。所有想要一个完美的、可用的或统一的的桌面的人都会失望，因为Unity 8桌面版镜像用的是平板的UI。 ### 工作进行中 ### -为Mir和Unity 8建立足够的窗口管理特性的工作正在进行中。同样的，在桌面显卡完全兼容Mir之前，硬件和用户之间发生的经历将会不同，而且不会支持虚拟机。支持 +为Mir和Unity 8建立足够的窗口管理特性的工作正在进行中。同样的，在桌面显卡完全兼容Mir之前，硬件和用户之间发生的经历将会不同，而且不会支持虚拟机。 -桌面Unity 8界面将开始融合，用户会提出界面与原来相差太大的问题，详见Ubuntu的创始人Mark Shuttleworth最近的视频的问答模块 +桌面Unity 8界面将开始融合平板UI，用户会提出界面与原来相差太大的问题，详见Ubuntu的创始人Mark Shuttleworth最近的视频的问答模块。 -这是个好消息，微软在桌面Windows8上强加了平板界面和为触摸屏设计的UI。结果被骂的不轻，不得不不断地发出"改进"来对付投诉——在你吐槽后让步。 +这是个好消息，微软在桌面Windows8上强加了平板界面和为触摸屏设计的UI。结果被骂的不轻，不得不不断地发出"改进"——在你吐槽后让步，来对付投诉。 ### 下载Unity 8桌面版本 ### -按计划 Ubuntu 14.10，预定在 10 月 23 日发行稳定版，将继续基于 X.Org，Compiz 和Unity 7。运行在Mir的Unity8预计将在 2016 年 4 月作出下一个 LTS 之前,成为新的的默认桌面。 +按计划Ubuntu 14.10预定在10月23日发行稳定版，继续基于 X.Org，Compiz和Unity 7。运行在Mir的Unity8预计将在2016年4月作出下一个 LTS之前成为新的的默认桌面。 此版本还不具有可用性，下方链接的镜像只是为了协助开发人员测试和完善，不是为了用户适应新的TARDIS样式。 From 044b01aa3ac4870a429eb6443371e23c181dd3b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: 2q1w2007 <2q1w2007@163.com> Date: Tue, 17 Jun 2014 23:09:45 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 594/601] Create 20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md --- ...Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md | 38 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 38 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md diff --git a/translated/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md b/translated/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6cbd497d00 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +下一代Ubuntu14.10镜像已开放下载 +================================================================================ +![Ubuntu 运行在8寸平板上](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/1.jpg) + +Ubuntu 运行在8寸平板上 + +**不像大多数用户想得那样，Ubuntu 14.10 的桌面版默认使用Unity 8和Mir([现已可下载][1])** + +根据[上个月的讨论][2]Ubuntu 14.10镜像计划提供单独的Unity 8桌面。 提供此镜像目的是给开发者和测试人员提供一个识别并记录从传统界面到使用两种新技术的界面的变化的手段。 + +此镜像并不为为任何稳定的消费者进行生产测试。这个版本会并将会是极不稳定而充满bug的，在十月之前还会不断有变动。所有想要一个完美的、可用的或统一的的桌面的人都会失望，因为Unity 8桌面版镜像用的是平板的UI。 + +### 工作进行中 ### + +为Mir和Unity 8建立足够的窗口管理特性的工作正在进行中。同样的，在桌面显卡完全兼容Mir之前，硬件和用户之间发生的经历将会不同，而且不会支持虚拟机。 + +桌面Unity 8界面将开始融合平板UI，用户会提出界面与原来相差太大的问题，详见Ubuntu的创始人Mark Shuttleworth最近的视频的问答模块。 + +这是个好消息，微软在桌面Windows8上强加了平板界面和为触摸屏设计的UI。结果被骂的不轻，不得不不断地发出"改进"——在你吐槽后让步，来对付投诉。 + +### 下载Unity 8桌面版本 ### +按计划Ubuntu 14.10预定在10月23日发行稳定版，继续基于 X.Org，Compiz和Unity 7。运行在Mir的Unity8预计将在2016年4月作出下一个 LTS之前成为新的的默认桌面。 + +此版本还不具有可用性，下方链接的镜像只是为了协助开发人员测试和完善，不是为了用户适应新的TARDIS样式。 + +- [下载下一代Ubuntu14.10 (.iso)][3] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/06/unity-8-daily-build-images-go-live + +译者：[2q1w2007](https://github.com/2q1w2007) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:https://blueprints.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+spec/client-1410-unity8-desktop-iso +[2]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/ubuntu-unity-8-desktop-flavour-discussed +[3]:http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-desktop-next/daily-live/current/ From c06b3d18c9d0e2e2eb73028a25e24b01aec09314 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: 2q1w2007 <2q1w2007@163.com> Date: Tue, 17 Jun 2014 23:10:44 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 595/601] Delete 20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md --- ...Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md | 39 ------------------- 1 file changed, 39 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md diff --git a/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md b/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md deleted file mode 100644 index e5e760723b..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,39 +0,0 @@ -2q1w2007翻译中 -下一代Ubuntu14.10镜像已开放下载 -================================================================================ -![Ubuntu 运行在8寸平板上](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/1.jpg) - -Ubuntu 运行在8寸平板上 - -**不像大多数用户想得那样，Ubuntu 14.10 的桌面版默认使用Unity 8和Mir([现已可下载][1])** - -根据[上个月的讨论][2]Ubuntu 14.10镜像计划提供单独的Unity 8桌面。 提供此镜像目的是给开发者和测试人员提供一个识别并记录从传统界面到使用两种新技术的界面的变化的手段。 - -此镜像并不为为任何稳定的消费者进行生产测试。这个版本会并将会是极不稳定而充满bug的，在十月之前还会不断有变动。所有想要一个完美的、可用的或统一的的桌面的人都会失望，因为Unity 8桌面版镜像用的是平板的UI。 - -### 工作进行中 ### - -为Mir和Unity 8建立足够的窗口管理特性的工作正在进行中。同样的，在桌面显卡完全兼容Mir之前，硬件和用户之间发生的经历将会不同，而且不会支持虚拟机。 - -桌面Unity 8界面将开始融合平板UI，用户会提出界面与原来相差太大的问题，详见Ubuntu的创始人Mark Shuttleworth最近的视频的问答模块。 - -这是个好消息，微软在桌面Windows8上强加了平板界面和为触摸屏设计的UI。结果被骂的不轻，不得不不断地发出"改进"——在你吐槽后让步，来对付投诉。 - -### 下载Unity 8桌面版本 ### -按计划Ubuntu 14.10预定在10月23日发行稳定版，继续基于 X.Org，Compiz和Unity 7。运行在Mir的Unity8预计将在2016年4月作出下一个 LTS之前成为新的的默认桌面。 - -此版本还不具有可用性，下方链接的镜像只是为了协助开发人员测试和完善，不是为了用户适应新的TARDIS样式。 - -- [下载下一代Ubuntu14.10 (.iso)][3] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/06/unity-8-daily-build-images-go-live - -译者：[2q1w2007](https://github.com/2q1w2007) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:https://blueprints.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+spec/client-1410-unity8-desktop-iso -[2]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/05/ubuntu-unity-8-desktop-flavour-discussed -[3]:http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-desktop-next/daily-live/current/ From 4de78d34decb9729f058a9558c82ce899ddce71e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: 2q1w2007 <2q1w2007@163.com> Date: Tue, 17 Jun 2014 23:36:56 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 596/601] Create 20140610 Open Source SDN Project OpenDaylight Adds New Members.md --- ...N Project OpenDaylight Adds New Members.md | 28 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 28 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/news/20140610 Open Source SDN Project OpenDaylight Adds New Members.md diff --git a/translated/news/20140610 Open Source SDN Project OpenDaylight Adds New Members.md b/translated/news/20140610 Open Source SDN Project OpenDaylight Adds New Members.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b0e8ded09f --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/20140610 Open Source SDN Project OpenDaylight Adds New Members.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +开源SDN项目OpenDaylight添加新成员 +================================================================================ +[Linux基金会][1]的[OpenDaylight][2] 项目促进开源。[软件定义网络][3] (SDN) 继续增长。 [Extreme Networks][4] (EXTR), [Flextronics][5]和[Oracle][6] (ORCL) 现在也是该项目成员了。 + +三个公司6月5日正式加入OpenDaylight，成员数达到到39。该项目还有195位合作开发人员，以建立一个开放源码的SDN平台。 + +新成员带来在数据中心和云计算的设计和基础设施的知识。Extreme Networks是专业提供高性能网络解决方案的企业，而Flextronics提供系统设计、制作和组织工作。Oracle有广泛的业务，同时专注于各种领域的云计算和数据中心。 + + +OpenDaylight 领导人正在庆祝项目的会员增长并进一步走向创造一个以开放标准为中心和避免垄断的SDN生态系统。OpenDaylight执行主任Jacques Neela说："更多的声音意味着更强的辩论和更好的代码，我们很高兴看到这种多样性的新成员加入来加宽探讨SDN和NFV的领域"。 + +OpenDaylight的第一款正式软件就是在2013年4月发布的OpenDaylight，该软件首次以Hydrogen的名字在二月出现 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://thevarguy.com/open-source-application-software-companies/open-source-sdn-project-opendaylight-adds-new-members + +译者：[2q1w2007](https://github.com/2q1w2007) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://linuxfoundation.org/ +[2]:http://www.opendaylight.org/ +[3]:http://thevarguy.com/sdn +[4]:http://www.extremenetworks.com/ +[5]:http://www.flextronics.com/ +[6]:http://oracle.com/ +[7]:http://thevarguy.com/open-source-application-software-companies/020514/embargo-until-feb-4-1130-am-est-opendaylight-releases-fir From 5f41d47f4f4fd1252fa0f01bf1ba3fe60d2d4cc9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: 2q1w2007 <2q1w2007@163.com> Date: Tue, 17 Jun 2014 23:37:38 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 597/601] Delete 20140610 Open Source SDN Project OpenDaylight Adds New Members.md --- ...N Project OpenDaylight Adds New Members.md | 27 ------------------- 1 file changed, 27 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/20140610 Open Source SDN Project OpenDaylight Adds New Members.md diff --git a/sources/news/20140610 Open Source SDN Project OpenDaylight Adds New Members.md b/sources/news/20140610 Open Source SDN Project OpenDaylight Adds New Members.md deleted file mode 100644 index dd56dae010..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20140610 Open Source SDN Project OpenDaylight Adds New Members.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -Open Source SDN Project OpenDaylight Adds New Members -================================================================================ -The [Linux Foundation][1]'s [OpenDaylight][2] project for promoting open source [software-defined networking][3] (SDN) continues to grow. [Extreme Networks][4] (EXTR), [Flextronics][5] and [Oracle][6] (ORCL) are now among the initiative's members. - -The three companies, which officially joined OpenDaylight June 5, bring the total number of OpenDaylight project members to 39. The project also enjoys the support of 195 developers collaborating to help build an open source SDN platform. - -The new members bring additional expertise in data center and cloud computing design and infrastructure to OpenDaylight's portfolio. Extreme Networks specializes in high-performance networking solutions for enterprises, while Flextronics provides systems design, manufacturing and logistics. Oracle's broad operations, meanwhile, focus on a variety of areas in the cloud and the data center. - -OpenDaylight leaders are celebrating the project's membership growth as a further step toward creating an SDN ecosystem that is centered on open standards and free from domination by particular organizations. "More voices at the table means stronger debate and better code," said Jacques Neela, executive director, OpenDaylight. "We are thrilled to see such a diversity of new members joining who represent an even broader range of perspectives on SDN and NFV." - -The first software release from OpenDaylight, which was itself formed in April 2013, [appeared in February][7] under the name Hydrogen. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://thevarguy.com/open-source-application-software-companies/open-source-sdn-project-opendaylight-adds-new-members - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://linuxfoundation.org/ -[2]:http://www.opendaylight.org/ -[3]:http://thevarguy.com/sdn -[4]:http://www.extremenetworks.com/ -[5]:http://www.flextronics.com/ -[6]:http://oracle.com/ -[7]:http://thevarguy.com/open-source-application-software-companies/020514/embargo-until-feb-4-1130-am-est-opendaylight-releases-fir \ No newline at end of file From a8201bdc889128ffaeafb74694761f4cb31649d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Wed, 18 Jun 2014 00:34:30 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 598/601] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=91=E5=B8=83=EF=BC=9AOpen=20Sourc?= =?UTF-8?q?e's=20Cult=20Of=20Personality=20Is=20Dying--Thankfully?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @jiajia9linuxer --- ...ult Of Personality Is Dying--Thankfully.md | 60 +++++++++++++++++++ ...ult Of Personality Is Dying--Thankfully.md | 57 ------------------ 2 files changed, 60 insertions(+), 57 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/Open Source's Cult Of Personality Is Dying--Thankfully.md delete mode 100644 translated/talk/Open Source's Cult Of Personality Is Dying--Thankfully.md diff --git a/published/Open Source's Cult Of Personality Is Dying--Thankfully.md b/published/Open Source's Cult Of Personality Is Dying--Thankfully.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ae25e4e17a --- /dev/null +++ b/published/Open Source's Cult Of Personality Is Dying--Thankfully.md @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +谢天谢地，开源软件中的个人崇拜正在消亡！ +================================================================================ +“开源之神圣独裁者”越来越少了，不过没事！ + +Roy Rubin这位流行的电子商务开源项目[Magento][1]的联合创始人，从这一2008年启动的项目中功成身退后在[这周说出了][2]上面这样的话语。 + +![](http://readwrite.com/files/styles/1400_0/public/fields/richardstallman_0.jpg) + +这已经不是第一次一个开源项目的领导者出走项目了，但值得注意的是对于它带来的反响是：没啥大的反应。 + +并不是因为Rubin对于Magento项目不重要，实际上他非常重要。六年来，Rubin实际上是Magento项目的灵魂。但是开源软件一直在成长，它一直在削弱个人对其的影响。当然没人希望Linux的创始人Linus Torvalds不小心被车撞了，在这点上我们是[爱他][3]的。但是另外一方面其实我们并不太在意。 + +但是并不总是这样的。 + +### 崇拜开源之神圣独裁者！ ### + +在好的一面，成功的开源项目一直以来都和伟大的领导者密不可分。对一个充满活力又有独立思想的一个开发团体施加影响，必定是众口难调的事情。在一个专门的开源项目当中不同的观点会产生各种不同的路线（在代码层上，管它叫做“分支”），通常这时候，要么是“开源之神圣独裁者”，要么是项目领袖，将会介入，施展自己的领导才能让开发人员团结在一起。 + +“[开源之神圣独裁者 BDFL][0]”这个词[可能第一个用于Python项目的领导者Guido von Rossum][4]。它现在也被用到了Linux的发明人Linus Torvalds身上，以及Ubuntu的领导者Mark Shuttleworth和其他人身上。有时候另外两个人也会冠以这个称号，比如[Django][5]项目的Adrian Holovaty和Kaplan-Moss。（LCTT译注：BDFL，benevolent dictator for life ，由LCTT 核心译者 Viz 建议译作“开源之神圣独裁者”。） + +在他们影响力最大的时候，这些领袖离开项目会对项目的将来产生灾难性的影响，这展现出这些伟大领导者与项目之间紧密的关联。但是，有时候，也不总是这样。Django的领导者[去了其他的项目][6]，但是Django依然不断前行着，像Python、Lucene（领导者Doug Cutting）、Jboss（领导者Marc Fleury）和其他很多的项目也是这样。 + +现在开源软件研发的团体依然围绕着伟大的领导者，但我们似乎并不像曾经的那样依赖他们了。开源软件的“个人崇拜”正在褪色，也有可能已经消亡了，但是接下来会怎么样呢？ + +### Apache和开源社区的崛起 ### + +是的，社区开始崛起了。我意识到我在做出一些自以为是的论调，但是根据我在开源项目15年的经验来说，我观察到开源软件项目从非常严格的控制阶段缓慢的转向了松散的开源团体，他们经常是因为兴趣才互相合作的。 + +当然并不清楚是先有 BSD/Apache之类的许可证的“鸡”还是后有开源软件相互合作的“蛋”，这两个很明显的一起改变了开源软件的运作模式。 + +当然还是需要“开源之神圣独裁者”。举个例子，当自由GNU还不是一个项目时，很难想象如果没有了Richard Stallman会是怎么样。相反的，很容易想象Apache Hadoop如果没有领导会怎么样…，等等，好像Hadoop真的没有人领导… + +如果真的要说答案的话，那就是这里每个人或者[许多人][7]。当然Hadoop由Doug Cutting启动，但是它已经发展成了一个公司和个人（不过大多数的公司雇佣了这些人）的协作的社区。 + +OpenStack与之类似，[被涉及的公司所主导][8]，如果某一个Openstack的开发者离开了，Openstack依然能够继续。因此，对于一个成员正在增加的开源项目来说，这种类似是确信无疑的。 + +### 未来不需要“开源之神圣独裁者”吗？ ### + +并不是说在以后的开源项目中不需要领导者。需要，但是越来越多的开源项目转为团体之间的合作，失去他们的风险消失了。坦白的说，即使公司们没有深入的参入进来，Apache许可证的项目反正也不依赖“开源之神圣独裁者”们。 + +Photo of Richard Stallman [courtesy of Friprog on Flickr][9] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://readwrite.com/2014/05/02/open-source-magento-roy-rubin-bdfl#feed=/hack&awesm=~oDgSTEdnXAjUv0 + +译者：[jiajia9linuxer](https://github.com/jiajia9linuxer) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://magento.com/ +[2]:http://magento.com/blog/magento-news/note-roy-and-mark#.U2JhPK1dVii +[3]:http://www.serverwatch.com/server-news/if-linus-torvalds-got-hit-by-a-bus-would-linux-die.html +[4]:http://www.artima.com/weblogs/viewpost.jsp?thread=235725 +[5]:https://www.djangoproject.com/ +[6]:http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/01/on-the-reign-of-benevolent-dictators-for-life-in-software/283139/ +[7]:http://hadoop.apache.org/who.html +[8]:http://activity.openstack.org/dash/releases/ +[9]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/friprog/ +[0]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benevolent_dictator_for_life diff --git a/translated/talk/Open Source's Cult Of Personality Is Dying--Thankfully.md b/translated/talk/Open Source's Cult Of Personality Is Dying--Thankfully.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5e6cdf2813..0000000000 --- a/translated/talk/Open Source's Cult Of Personality Is Dying--Thankfully.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,57 +0,0 @@ -谢天谢地，开源软件中的个人崇拜正在消亡！ -================================================================================ -Roy Rubin这位流行的电子商务开源项目[Magento][1]的联合创始人，从这一2008年启动的项目中功成身退后在[这周说出了][2]上面这样的话语。 - -![](url("http://readwrite.com/files/styles/1400_0/public/fields/richardstallman_0.jpg")) - -这已经不是第一次一个开源项目的领导者出走项目了，但值得注意的是对于它的回应是：相对的沉默。 - -但是开源软件一直在成长，它一直在削弱个人对其的影响。当然没人希望linux的创始人Linus Torvalds不小心被车撞了，在这点上我们是[爱他][3]的，但是另外一方面其实我们并不太在意。 - - -But it wasn't always this way. - -### 崇拜仁慈的独裁者！ ### - -在好的一面，成功的开源项目一直以来都和伟大的领导者密不可分。对一个充满活力又有独立思想的一个开发团体施加影响，必定是众口难调的事情。在一个专门的开源项目当中不同的观点会产生各种不同的方法途径（在代码层上，管它叫做“分支“），通常这时候项目的领导者，一个“生活中并不仁慈的独裁者”，将会介入，施展自己的领导才能让开发人员团结在一起。 - -“生活中仁慈的独裁者BDFL”这个词[可能第一个开始于Python项目的领导者Guido von Rossum][4]。它现在也被用到了linux的发明人Linus Torvalds身上，当然Ubuntu的领导者还有其他的人也被用到这个词上。有时候会是两个人，比如[Django][5]项目的Adrian Holovaty和Kaplan-Moss。 - -在他们这点上，他们之间的分歧会对未来的项目产生灾难性的影响，展现出这些伟大领导者与项目之间紧密的关联。但是，有时候，它会发生变化。Django的领导者[去了其他的项目][6]，但是Django依然不断前行着，Ditto Python，Lucene（领导者Doug Cutting），Jboss（领导者Marc Fleury）和其他很多的项目也是。 - -现在开源软件研发的团体依然围绕着伟大的领导者，我们看起来并不是独立的，但是我们的确是。开源软件的“个人崇拜”正在褪色，也有可能已经消亡了，但是接下来怎么办呢？ - -### Apache和开源社区的兴起 ### - -社区对于初学者来说，我意识到我在做出一些自以为是的论调，但是根据我在开源项目15年的经验来说，我观察到开源软件项目从非常严格的控制阶段缓慢的转向了松散的开源团体，他们经常是因为兴趣才互相合作的。 - -当然并不清楚是先有open BSD/Apache风格的“鸡”还是后有开源软件相互合作的“蛋”，两者之间很明显的改变了开源软件的运作模式。 - -当然还是需要“生活中仁慈的独裁者”，只是它不是一个项目比如GNU如果没有了Richard Stallman真的难以想象。相反的，很容易想象Apache Hadoop这样如果没有谁的领导，但是好像Hadoop真的没有人领导… - -如果真的要说答案的话，那就是这里每个人或者[许多人][7]。当然它由Doug Cutting启动，但是它已经发展成了一个独立并合作的团体（大多数成员在独立的公司工作）在一起工作。 - -OpenStack与之类似，[有很多的成员][8]，如果某一个Openstack的开发者离开了，Openstack依然能够继续。因此，对于一个成员正在增加的开源项目来说，这种类似是确信无疑的。 - -### 一个“仁慈独裁者”并不存在的未来吗？ ### - -并不是说在以后的开源项目中不需要领导者。需要，但是越来越多的开源项目转为团体之间的合作，失去他们的风险消失了。坦白的说，即使那么多人没有深入的参入进来，如果没有Apache的授权很多项目没有了“生活中的独裁者”是根本不可能独立起来的。 - -Photo of Richard Stallman [courtesy of Friprog on Flickr][9] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://readwrite.com/2014/05/02/open-source-magento-roy-rubin-bdfl#feed=/hack&awesm=~oDgSTEdnXAjUv0 - -译者：[jiajia9linuxer](https://github.com/jiajia9linuxer) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://magento.com/ -[2]:http://magento.com/blog/magento-news/note-roy-and-mark#.U2JhPK1dVii -[3]:http://www.serverwatch.com/server-news/if-linus-torvalds-got-hit-by-a-bus-would-linux-die.html -[4]:http://www.artima.com/weblogs/viewpost.jsp?thread=235725 -[5]:https://www.djangoproject.com/ -[6]:http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/01/on-the-reign-of-benevolent-dictators-for-life-in-software/283139/ -[7]:http://hadoop.apache.org/who.html -[8]:http://activity.openstack.org/dash/releases/ -[9]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/friprog/ From d5fbe3735a4d8991dc013d6bf2ebdef172a878cb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Wed, 18 Jun 2014 08:20:54 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 599/601] Update 20140617 9 Good Ways To Protect Your Linux System.md --- .../tech/20140617 9 Good Ways To Protect Your Linux System.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20140617 9 Good Ways To Protect Your Linux System.md b/sources/tech/20140617 9 Good Ways To Protect Your Linux System.md index b6ad7bf368..da91261387 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20140617 9 Good Ways To Protect Your Linux System.md +++ b/sources/tech/20140617 9 Good Ways To Protect Your Linux System.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +Translating by GoLinux ... 9 Good Ways To Protect Your Linux System ================================================================================ Securing your Linux-based system is very important nowadays. But you have to know how to do this. A simple anti-malware software is usually not good enough and you need to take some other steps. Try these, @@ -48,4 +49,4 @@ via: http://www.efytimes.com/e1/fullnews.asp?edid=141368 [1]:http://selinuxproject.org/page/Main_Page [2]:http://www.securityfocus.com/rss/vulnerabilities.xml -[3]:http://www.snort.org/ \ No newline at end of file +[3]:http://www.snort.org/ From 5bc8c7a3b21c54f91405058460c6b65fba68c88f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: GOLinux Date: Wed, 18 Jun 2014 09:30:20 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 600/601] Translated:9 Good Ways --- ... Good Ways To Protect Your Linux System.md | 52 ------------------- ... Good Ways To Protect Your Linux System.md | 52 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 52 insertions(+), 52 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20140617 9 Good Ways To Protect Your Linux System.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20140617 9 Good Ways To Protect Your Linux System.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20140617 9 Good Ways To Protect Your Linux System.md b/sources/tech/20140617 9 Good Ways To Protect Your Linux System.md deleted file mode 100644 index da91261387..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20140617 9 Good Ways To Protect Your Linux System.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -Translating by GoLinux ... -9 Good Ways To Protect Your Linux System -================================================================================ -Securing your Linux-based system is very important nowadays. But you have to know how to do this. A simple anti-malware software is usually not good enough and you need to take some other steps. Try these, - -![](http://www.efytimes.com/admin/useradmin/photo/2Rak10143PM6172014.jpeg) - -### 1. Use SELinux ### - -[SELinux][1] is a security enhancement to Linux, which allows users and administrators more control over access control. SELinux adds finer granularity to access controls. Instead of only being able to specify who can read, write or execute a file, for example, SELinux lets you specify who can unlink, append only, move a file and so on. - -### 2. Subscribe to a Vulnerability Alert Service ### - -Your operating system may not necessarily be the one that is vulnerable. In fact, vulnerabilities are most often found in the applications that one installs. In order to avoid this, you must keep your applications updated to the newest version. In addition, subscribe to alert services like [SecurityFocus][2]. - -### 3. Disable Unused Services and Applications ### - -In general, users do not use half of the services and applications on their system for most of the time. These services and applications though are kept running, which could make for an invitation to attackers. It is best to keep unused services stopped. - -### 4. Check System Logs ### - -Your system logs tell you what activity has happened on the system, including whether an attacker has been successful in or tried to access the system. Being careful is your first line of defense and your system logs should be regularly monitored for this. - -### 5. Consider Port Knocking ### - -Setting up port knocking is a good way to establish a secure connection with a server. What basically happens is that a special package is sent to the server, which triggers a response/connection from the server. Port knocking is a good defensive manuever for those who have open ports on their systems. - -### 6. Use Iptables ### - -What is Iptables? This is an application framework, which allows the user to write their own powerful firewall for the system. So, learn how to write a good firewall and use the Iptables framework in order to do well. - -### 7. Deny All by Default ### - -Firewalls follow two philosophies: one is to allow every bit of traffic and the other is to deny access to everything, prompting you for permission. The second option is the better of the two. You should only allow the traffic that is important to come in. - -### 8. Use an Intrusion Detection System ### - -An Intrusion Detection System or IDS allows you to manage the traffic and attacks on your system better. [Snort][3] - -Encrypted data is harder and sometimes impossible to steal, which is why you should keep your entire drive encrypted. This way if someone does get access to your system, they will still have a very hard time getting by the encryption. According to some reports, most data loss is through stolen machines. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.efytimes.com/e1/fullnews.asp?edid=141368 - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[1]:http://selinuxproject.org/page/Main_Page -[2]:http://www.securityfocus.com/rss/vulnerabilities.xml -[3]:http://www.snort.org/ diff --git a/translated/tech/20140617 9 Good Ways To Protect Your Linux System.md b/translated/tech/20140617 9 Good Ways To Protect Your Linux System.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e2ef93832b --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20140617 9 Good Ways To Protect Your Linux System.md @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +9 Good Ways To Protect Your Linux System +保护你的Linux系统的9种好方法 +================================================================================ +在现在这个世道中，保障基于Linux的系统的安全是十分重要的。但是，你得知道怎么干。一个简单反恶意程序软件这是远远不够的，你需要采取其它措施来协同工作。那么试试下面这些手段吧。 + +![](http://www.efytimes.com/admin/useradmin/photo/2Rak10143PM6172014.jpeg) + +### 1. 使用SELinux ### + +[SELinux][1]是用来对Linux进行安全加固的，有了它，用户和管理们就可以对访问控制进行更多控制。SELinux为访问控制添加了更细的颗粒度控制。与仅可以指定谁可以读、写或执行一个文件的权限不同的是，SELinux可以让你指定谁可以解链接，仅追加，移动一个文件之类。 + +### 2. 订阅漏洞警报服务 ### + +你的操作系统可能不一定受伤害的那一台。事实上，漏洞多见于安装的应用程序之中。为了避免这个问题的发生，你必须保持你的应用程序更新到最新版本。此外，订阅漏洞警报服务，如[SecurityFocus][2]。 + +### 3. 禁用不用的服务和应用 ### + +通常来讲，用户大多数时候都用不到他们系统上的服务和应用的一半。然而，这些服务和应用还是会运行，这会招来攻击者。因而，最好是把这些不用的服务停掉。 + +### 4. 检查系统日志 ### + +你的系统日志告诉你在系统上发生了什么活动，包括攻击者是否成功进入或试着访问系统。时刻保持警惕，是你第一条防线，而经常性地监控系统日志就是为了守好这道防线。 + +### 5. 考虑使用端口敲门 ### + +设置端口敲门是建立服务器安全连接的好方法。而基本上会发生的问题是，别有用心的人会发送一个特别的包给服务器，这个包会开启来自服务器的回应/连接。端口敲门对于那些有开放端口的系统上是一个很好的防护措施。 + +### 6. 使用Iptables ### + +Iptables是什么？这是一个应用程序框架，它允许用户自己为系统写一个强大的防火墙。因此，要做得好，就要学习怎样一个好的防火墙以及怎样使用Iptables框架。 + +### 7. 默认拒绝所有 ### + +防火墙允许两个宗旨：一个是允许每一点通信，另一个是拒绝所有访问，提示你是否许可。第二个选项是两者中更好的一个。你应该只允许那些重要的通信进入。 + +### 8. 使用入侵检测系统 ### + +入侵检测系统，或者叫IDS，允许你更好地管理系统上的通信和受到的攻击。[Snort][3] + +加密的数据更难窃取，有时候根本不可能被窃取，这就是你应该对整个驱动器加密的原因。采用这种方式后，如果有某个人进入到你的系统，那么他看到这些加密的数据后，就有得头痛了。根据一些报告，大多数数据丢失源于机器被盗。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.efytimes.com/e1/fullnews.asp?edid=141368 + +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://selinuxproject.org/page/Main_Page +[2]:http://www.securityfocus.com/rss/vulnerabilities.xml +[3]:http://www.snort.org/ From 3c88afb5dd7b4efa7b6c17df9f715e443b054a2d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: joeren Date: Wed, 18 Jun 2014 09:31:22 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 601/601] Update 20140617 9 Good Ways To Protect Your Linux System.md --- .../tech/20140617 9 Good Ways To Protect Your Linux System.md | 1 - 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/20140617 9 Good Ways To Protect Your Linux System.md b/translated/tech/20140617 9 Good Ways To Protect Your Linux System.md index e2ef93832b..9899e99412 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20140617 9 Good Ways To Protect Your Linux System.md +++ b/translated/tech/20140617 9 Good Ways To Protect Your Linux System.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ -9 Good Ways To Protect Your Linux System 保护你的Linux系统的9种好方法 ================================================================================ 在现在这个世道中，保障基于Linux的系统的安全是十分重要的。但是，你得知道怎么干。一个简单反恶意程序软件这是远远不够的，你需要采取其它措施来协同工作。那么试试下面这些手段吧。