From dbd30ef55c2e4032059ee409c0b788cdd81fe9b7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: shangmo Date: Thu, 6 Sep 2018 23:32:22 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 1/8] =?UTF-8?q?30=E4=B8=AA=E6=9C=80=E4=BD=B3=E7=9A=84=20Li?= =?UTF-8?q?nux=20*BSD=20Unix=20=E5=9C=A8=E7=BA=BF=E6=96=87=E6=A1=A3?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... - -BSD - Unix Documentation On the Web.md | 467 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 467 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/tech/20111221 30 Best Sources For Linux - -BSD - Unix Documentation On the Web.md diff --git a/translated/tech/20111221 30 Best Sources For Linux - -BSD - Unix Documentation On the Web.md b/translated/tech/20111221 30 Best Sources For Linux - -BSD - Unix Documentation On the Web.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..349973bec0 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20111221 30 Best Sources For Linux - -BSD - Unix Documentation On the Web.md @@ -0,0 +1,467 @@ +# sober-wang 翻译中 + + + +30 Best Sources For Linux / *BSD / Unix Documentation On the Web +====== + +# 30 个最佳的 Linux / *BSD / Unix 在线文档 + + + +Man pages are written by sys-admin and developers for IT techs, and are intended more as a reference than as a how to. Man pages are very useful for people who are already familiar with Linux, Unix, and BSD operating systems. Use man pages when you just need to know the syntax for particular commands or configuration file, but they are not helpful for new Linux users. Man pages are not good for learning something new for the first time. Here are thirty best documentation sites on the web for learning Linux and Unix like operating systems. + +![Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson working with UNIX PDP11][1] + +Please note that BSD manpages are usually better as compare to Linux. + +## #1: Red Hat Enterprise Linux + +![Red hat Enterprise Linux Docs][2] + +RHEL is developed by Red Hat and targeted toward the commercial market. It has one of the best documentations covering basis of RHEL to advanced topics like security, SELinux, virtualization, directory server, clustering, JBOSS, HPC, and much more. Red Hat documentation has been translated into twenty-two languages and is available in multi-page HTML, single-page HTML, PDF, and EPUB formats. The good news is you can use the same documentation for CentOS or Scientific Linux (community enterprise distros). All of these documents ship with the OS, so if you don't have a network connection, then you have them there as well. The RHEL docs **covers everything from installation to configuring clusters**. The only downside is you need to be a paid customer. This is perfect for an enterprise company. + + 1. RHEL Documentation: [in HTML/PDF format][3] + 2. Support forums: Only available to Red Hat customer portal to submit a support case. + + + +### A Note About CentOS Wiki and Forums + +![Centos Linux Wiki][4] + +CentOS (Community ENTerprise Operating System) is a free rebuild of source packages freely available from a RHEL. It provides truly reliable, free enterprise Linux for personal and other usage. You will get RHEL stability without the cost of certification and support. CentOS wiki divided into Howtos, Tips & Tricks, and much more at the following locations: + + 1. [Documentation Wiki][87] + 2. [Support forum][88] + +## #2: Arch Wiki and Forums + +![Arch Linux wiki and tutorials][5] + +Arch Linux is an independently developed, Linux operating system and it comes with pretty good documentation in form of wiki based site. It is developed collaboratively by a community of Arch users, allowing any user to add and edit content. The articles are divided into various categories like [networking][6], optimization, package management, system administration, X window system, and getting & installing Arch Linux. The official [forums][7] are useful for solving many issues. It has total 40k+ registered users with over 1 million posts. The wiki contains some **general information that can also apply in other Linux distros**. + + 1. Arch community Documentation: [Wiki format][8] + 2. Support forums: [Yes][7] + + + +## #3: Gentoo Linux Wiki and Forums + +![Gentoo Linux Handbook and Wiki][9] + +Gentoo Linux is based on the Portage package management system. The Gentoo user compiles the source code locally according to their chosen configuration. The majority of users have configurations and sets of installed programs which are unique to themselves. The Gentoo give you some explanation about the Gentoo Linux and answer most of your questions regarding installations, packages, networking, and much more. Gentoo has **very helpful forum** with over one hundred thirty-four thousand plus users who have posted a total of 5442416 articles. + + 1. Gentoo community documentation: [Handbook][10] and [Wiki format][11] + 2. Support forums: [Yes][12] + 3. User-supplied documentation available at [gentoo-wiki.com][13] + + + +## #4: Ubuntu Wiki and Documentation + +Ubuntu is one of the leading desktop and laptop distro. The official documentation developed and maintained by the Ubuntu Documentation Project. You can access a wealth of information including a getting started Guide. The best part is information contained herein may also work with other Debian-based systems. You will also find the community documentation for Ubuntu created by its users. This is a reference for Ubuntu-related 'Howtos, Tips, Tricks, and Hacks'. Ubuntu Linux has one of the biggest Linux communities on the web. It offers help to the both new and experienced users. + +![Ubuntu Linux Wiki and Forums][14] + + 1. Ubuntu community documentation: [wiki format][15]. + 2. Ubuntu official documentation: [wiki format][16]. + 3. Support forums: [Yes][17]. + + + +## #5: IBM Developer Works + +IBM developer works offers technical resources for Linux programmers and system administrators. It contains hundreds of articles, tutorials, and tips to help developers with Linux programming and application development, as well as Linux system administration. + +![IBM: Technical for Linux programmers and system administrators][18] + + 1. IBM Developer Works Documentation: [HTML format][19] + 2. Support forums: [Yes][20]. + + + +## #6: FreeBSD Documentation and Handbook + +The FreeBSD handbook is created by the FreeBSD Documentation Project. It describes the installation, administration and day-to-day use of the FreeBSD OS. BSD manpages are usually better as compare to GNU/Linux man pages. The FreeBSD **comes with all the documents** with upto date man pages. The FreeBSD Handbook **covers everything**. The handbook contains some general Unix information that can also apply in other Linux distros. The official FreeBSD forums also provides helps whenever you will get stuck with problems. + +![Freebsd Documentation][21] + + 1. FreeBSD Documentation: [HTML/PDF format][90] + 2. Support forums: [Yes][91]. + + +## #7: Bash Hackers Wiki + +![Bash hackers wiki for bash users][22] +This is an excellent resource for bash user. The bash hackers wiki is intended to hold documentations of any kind about the GNU Bash. The main motivation was to provide human-readable documentation and information to not force users to read every bit of the Bash manpage - which is hard sometimes. The wiki is divided into various sections such as - scripting and general information, howtos, coding style, bash syntax, and much more. + + 1. Bash hackers [wiki][23] in wiki format + + + +## #8: Bash FAQ + +![Bash FAQ: Answers to frequently asked questions about GNU/BASH][24] +A wiki designed for new bash users. It has good collections to frequently asked questions on channel #bash on the freenode IRC network. These answers are contributed by the regular members of the channel. Don't forget to check out common mistakes made by Bash programmers, in [BashPitfalls][25] section. The answers given in this FAQ may be slanted toward Bash, or they may be slanted toward the lowest common denominator Bourne shell, depending on who wrote the answer. In most cases, an effort is made to provide both a portable (Bourne) and an efficient (Bash, where appropriate) answer. + + 1. Bash FAQ [in wiki ][26] format. + + + +## #9: Howtoforge - Linux Tutorials + +![Howtoforge][27] + +Fellow blogger Falko has some great stuff over at How-To Forge. The site provides Linux tutorials about various topic including its famous "The Perfect Server" series. The site is divided into various topics such as web-server, Linux distros, DNS servers, Virtualization, High-availability, Email and anti-spam, FTP servers, programming topics, and much more. The site is also available in German language. + + 1. Howtoforge [in html][28] format. + 2. Support forums: Yes + + + +## #10: OpenBSD FAQ and Documentation + +![OpenBSD Documenation][29] + +OpenBSD is another Unix-like computer operating system based on Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD). It was forked from NetBSD by project. The OpenBSD is well known for the **quality code, documentation** , uncompromising position on software licensing, with strong focus on security. The documenation is divided into various topics such as - installations, package management, firewall setup, user management, networking, disk / RAID management and much more. + + 1. OpenBSD [in html][30] format. + 2. Support forums: No, but [mail lists][31] are available. + + + +## #11: Calomel - Open Source Research and Reference + +This amazing site dedicated to documenting open source software, and programs with special focus on OpenBSD. This is one of the cleanest and easy to to navigate website, with focus on the quality content. The site is divided into various server topic such as DNS, OpeBSD, security, web-server, Samba file server, various tools, and much more. + +![Open Source Research and Reference Documentation][32] + + 1. Calomel Org [in html][33] format. + 2. Support forums: No + + + +## #12: Slackware Book Project + +![Slackware Linux Book and Documentation ][34] +Slackware Linux was my first distro. It was one of the earliest distro based on the Linux kernel and is the oldest currently being maintained. The distro is targeted towards power users with strong focus on stability. Slackware is one of few the most "Unix-like" Linux distribution. The official slackware book is designed to get you started with the Slackware Linux operating system. It's not meant to cover every single aspect of the distribution, but rather to show what it is capable of and give you a basic working knowledge of the system. The book is divided into various topics such as Installation, Network & System Configuration, System administration, Package management, and much more. + + 1. Slackware [Linux books in html][35], pdf, and other format. + 2. Support forums: Yes + + + +## #13: The Linux Documentation Project (TLDP) + +![Linux Learning Site and Documentation ][36] + +The Linux Documentation Project is working towards developing free, high quality documentation for the Linux operating system. The site is created and maintained by volunteers. The site is divided into subject-specific help, longer and in-depth guide books, and much more. I recommend [this document][37] which is both a tutorial and a reference on shell scripting with Bash. The [single list][38] of HOWTOs is also a good starting point for new users. + + 1. The Linux [documentation project][39] available in multiple formats. + 2. Support forums: No + + + +## #14: Linux Home Networking + +![Linux Home Networking ][40] + +Linux home networking is another good resource for learning Linux. This site covers topics needed for Linux software certification exams, such as the RHCE, and many computer training courses. The site is divided into various topics such as networking, samba file server, wirless networking, web-server, and much more. + + 1. Linux [home networking][41] available in html and PDF (with small fee) formats. + 2. Support forums: Yes + + + +## #15: Linux Action Show + +![Linux Podcast ][42] + +Linux Action Show ("LAS") is a podcast about Linux. The show is hosted by Bryan Lunduke, Allan Jude, and Chris Fisher. It covers the latest news in the FOSS world. The show reviews various apps and Linux distros. Sometime an interview with a major personal in the open source world is posted on the show. + + 1. Linux [action show][43] available in audio/video format. + 2. Support forums: Yes + + + +## #16: Commandlinefu + +Commandlinefu lists various shell commands that you may find interesting and useful. All commands can be commented on, discussed and voted up or down. Ths is an awesome resource for all Unix command line users. Don't forget to checkout all [top voted][44] commands here. + +![The best Unix / Linux Commands By Commandlinefu][45] + + 1. [Commandlinefu][46] available in html format. + 2. Support forums: No + + + +## #17: Debian Administration Tips and Resources + +This site covers topics, tips, and tutorial only related to Debian GNU/Linux. It contain interesting and useful information related to the System Administration. You can contribute an article, tip, or question here. Don't forget to checkout [top articles][47] posted in the hall of fame section. +![Debian Linux Adminstration: Tips and Tutorial For Sys Admin][48] + + 1. Debian [administration][49] available in html format. + 2. Support forums: No + + + +## #18: Catonmat - Sed, Awk, Perl Tutorials + +![Sed, Awk, Perl Tutorials][50] + +This site run by a fellow blogger Peteris Krumins. The main focus is on command line and Unix programming topics such as sed, perl, awk, and others. Don't forget to check out [introduction to sed][51], sed [one liner][52] explained, the definitive [guide][53] to Bash Command line history, and [awk][54] liner explained. + + 1. [catonmat][55] available in html format. + 2. Support forums: No + + + +## #19: Debian GNU/Linux Documentation and Wiki + +![Debian Linux Tutorials and Wiki][56] + +Debian is another Linux based operating system that primarily uses software released under the GNU General Public. Debian is well known for strict adherence to the philosophies of Unix and free software. It is also one of popular and influential Linux distribution. It is also used as a base for many other distributions such as Ubuntu and others. The Debian project provides its users with proper documentation in an easily accessible form. The site is divided into wiki, installation guide, faqs, and support forum. + + 1. Debian GNU/Linux [documentation][57] available in html and other format. + 2. Debian GNU/Linux [wiki][58] + 3. Support forums: [Yes][59] + + + +## #20: Linux Sea + +The book "Linux Sea" offers a gentle yet technical (from end-user perspective) introduction to the Linux operating system, using Gentoo Linux as the example Linux distribution. It does not nor will it ever talk about the history of the Linux kernel or Linux distributions or dive into details that are less interesting for Linux users. + + 1. Linux [sea][60] available in html format. + 2. Support forums: No + + + +## #21: Oreilly Commons + +![Oreilly Free Linux / Unix / Php / Javascript / Ubuntu Books][61] + +The oreilly publishing house has posted quite a few titles in wiki format for all. The purpose of this site is to provide content to communities that would like to create, reference, use, modify, update and revise material from O'Reilly or other sources. The site includes books about Ubuntu, Php, Spamassassin, Linux, and much more all for free. + + 1. Oreilly [commons][62] available in wiki format. + 2. Support forums: No + + + +## #22: Ubuntu Pocket Guide + +![Ubuntu Book For New Users][63] + +This book is written by Keir Thomas. This guide/book is a good read for everyday Ubuntu user. The purpose of this book is to introduce you to the Ubuntu operating system, and the philosophy that underpins it. You can download a pdf version from the official site or order a print version using Amazon. + + 1. Ubuntu [pocket guide][64] available in pdf and print formats. + 2. Support forums: No + + + +## #23: Linux: Rute User's Tutorial and Exposition + +![GNU/LINUX system administration book][65] + +This book covers GNU/LINUX system administration, for popular distributions like RedHat and Debian, as a tutorial for new users and a reference for advanced administrators. It aims to give concise, thorough explanations and practical examples of each aspect of a UNIX system. Anyone who wants a comprehensive text on (what is commercially called) LINUX need look no further-there is little that is not covered here. + + 1. Linux: [Rute User's Tutorial and Exposition][66] available in print and html formats. + 2. Support forums: No + + + +## #24: Advanced Linux Programming + +![Advanced Linux Programming][67] + +This book is intended for the programmer already familiar with the C programming language. It take a tutorial approach and teach the most important concepts and power features of the GNU/Linux system in application programs. If you're a developer already experienced with programming for the GNU/Linux system, are experienced with another UNIX-like system and are interested in developing GNU/Linux software, or want to make the transition for a non-UNIX environment and are already familiar with the general principles of writing good software, this book is for you. In addition, you will find that this book is equally applicable to C and C++ programming. + + 1. Advanced [Linux programming][68] available in print and pdf formats. + 2. Support forums: No + + + +## #25: LPI 101 Course Notes + +![Linux Professional Institute Certification Books][69] + +LPIC-1/2/3 levels are certification for Linux administrators. This site provides training manuals for LPI 101 and 102 exams. These are licenced under the GNU Free Documentation Licence (FDL). This course material is based on the objectives for the Linux Professionals Institutea€™s LPI 101 and 102 examination. The course is intended to provide you with the skills required for operating and administering Linux systems. + + 1. Download LPI [training manuals][70] in pdf format. + 2. Support forums: No + + + +## #26: FOSS Manuals + +FLOSS Manuals is a collection of manuals about free and open source software together with the tools used to create them and the community that uses those tools. They include authors, editors, artists, software developers, activists, and many others. There are manuals that explain how to install and use a range of free and open source softwares, about how to do things (like design or stay safe online) with open source software, and manuals about free culture services that use or support free software and formats. You will find manuals about software such as VLC, [Linux video editing][71], Linux, OLPC / SUGAR, GRAPHICS, and much more. + +![FLOSS Manuals is a collection of manuals about free and open source software][72] + + 1. You can browse [FOSS manuals][73] in wiki format. + 2. Support forums: No + + + +## #27: Linux Starter Pack + +![The Linux Starter Pack][74] + +New to the wonderful world of Linux? Looking for an easy way to get started? You can download 130-page guide and get to grips with the OS. This will show you how to install Linux onto your PC, navigate around the desktop, master the most popular Linux programs and fix any problems that may arise. + + 1. Download [Linux starter][75] pack in pdf format. + 2. Support forums: No + + + +## #28: Linux.com - The Source of Linux Info + +Linux.com is a product of the Linux Foundation. The side provides news, guides, tutorials and other information about Linux by harnessing the power of Linux users worldwide to inform, collaborate and connect on all matters Linux. + + 1. Visit [Linux.com][76] online. + 2. Support forums: Yes + + + +## #29: LWN + +LWN is a site with an emphasis on free software and software for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. It consists of a weekly issue, separate stories which are published most days, and threaded discussion attached to every story. The site provide comprehensive coverage of development, legal, commercial, and security issues related to Linux and FOSS. + + 1. Visit [lwn.net][77] online. + 2. Support forums: No + + + +## #30: Mac OS X Related sites + +A quick links to Max OS X related sites: + + * [Mac OS X Hints][78] - This site is dedicated to the Apple's Mac OS X unix operating systems. It has tons of tips, tricks and tutorial about Bash, and OS X + * [Mac OS development library][79] - Apple has good collection related to OS X development. Don't forget to checkout [bash shell scripting primer][80]. + * [Apple kbase][81] - This is like RHN kbase. It provides guides and troublshooting tips for all apple products including OS X. + + + +## #30: NetBSD + +NetBSD is another free open source operating system based upon the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) Unix operating system. The NetBSD project is primarily focused on high quality design, stability and performance of the system. Due to its portability and Berkeley-style license, NetBSD is often used in embedded systems. This site provides links to the official NetBSD documentation and also links to various external documents. + + 1. View [netbsd][82] documentation online in html / pdf format. + 2. Support forums: No + + + +## Your Turn: + +This is my personal list and it is not absolutely definitive, so if you've got your own favorite Unix/Linux specific site, share in the comments below. + +// Image credit: [Flickr photo][83] by PanelSwitchman. Some links are suggested by user on our facebook fan page. + +// For those who celebrate, Merry Christmas! For everyone else, enjoy the weekend. + +## About the author + +The author is the creator of nixCraft and a seasoned sysadmin and a trainer for the Linux operating system/Unix shell scripting. He has worked with global clients and in various industries, including IT, education, defense and space research, and the nonprofit sector. Follow him on [Twitter][84], [Facebook][85], [Google+][86]. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-unix-bsd-documentations.html + +作者：[Vivek Gite][a] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:https://www.cyberciti.biz +[1]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/unix-pdp11.jpg "Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson working with UNIX PDP11" +[2]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/redhat-enterprise-linux-docs-150x150.png "Red hat Enterprise Linux Docs" +[3]:https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/ +[4]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/centos-linux-wiki-150x150.png "Centos Linux Wiki, Support, Documents" +[5]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/arch-linux-wiki-150x150.png "Arch Linux wiki and tutorials " +[6]:https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Category:Networking_%28English%29 +[7]:https://bbs.archlinux.org/ +[8]:https://wiki.archlinux.org/ +[9]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/gentoo-linux-wiki1-150x150.png "Gentoo Linux Handbook and Wiki" +[10]:http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/ +[11]:https://wiki.gentoo.org +[12]:https://forums.gentoo.org/ +[13]:http://gentoo-wiki.com +[14]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/ubuntu-linux-wiki.png "Ubuntu Linux Wiki and Forums" +[15]:https://help.ubuntu.com/community +[16]:https://help.ubuntu.com/ +[17]:https://ubuntuforums.org/ +[18]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/ibm-devel.png "IBM: Technical for Linux programmers and system administrators" +[19]:https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/learn/linux/index.html +[20]:https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/community/forums/html/public?lang=en +[21]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/freebsd-docs.png "Freebsd Documentation" +[22]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/bash-hackers-wiki-150x150.png "Bash hackers wiki for bash users" +[23]:http://wiki.bash-hackers.org/doku.php +[24]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/bash-faq-150x150.png "Bash FAQ: Answers to frequently asked questions about GNU/BASH" +[25]:http://mywiki.wooledge.org/BashPitfalls +[26]:https://mywiki.wooledge.org/BashFAQ +[27]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/howtoforge-150x150.png "Howtoforge tutorials" +[28]:https://howtoforge.com/ +[29]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/openbsd-faq-150x150.png "OpenBSD Documenation" +[30]:https://www.openbsd.org/faq/index.html +[31]:https://www.openbsd.org/mail.html +[32]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/calomel_org.png "Open Source Research and Reference Documentation" +[33]:https://calomel.org +[34]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/slackware-linux-book-150x150.png "Slackware Linux Book and Documentation " +[35]:http://www.slackbook.org/ +[36]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/tldp-150x150.png "Linux Learning Site and Documentation " +[37]:http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/index.html +[38]:http://tldp.org/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX/howtos.html +[39]:http://tldp.org/ +[40]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/linuxhomenetworking-150x150.png "Linux Home Networking " +[41]:http://www.linuxhomenetworking.com/ +[42]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/linux-action-show-150x150.png "Linux Podcast " +[43]:http://www.jupiterbroadcasting.com/show/linuxactionshow/ +[44]:https://www.commandlinefu.com/commands/browse/sort-by-votes +[45]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/commandlinefu.png "The best Unix / Linux Commands " +[46]:https://commandlinefu.com/ +[47]:https://www.debian-administration.org/hof +[48]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/debian-admin.png "Debian Linux Adminstration: Tips and Tutorial For Sys Admin" +[49]:https://www.debian-administration.org/ +[50]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/catonmat-150x150.png "Sed, Awk, Perl Tutorials" +[51]:http://www.catonmat.net/blog/worlds-best-introduction-to-sed/ +[52]:https://www.catonmat.net/blog/sed-one-liners-explained-part-one/ +[53]:https://www.catonmat.net/blog/the-definitive-guide-to-bash-command-line-history/ +[54]:https://www.catonmat.net/blog/awk-one-liners-explained-part-one/ +[55]:https://catonmat.net/ +[56]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/debian-wiki-150x150.png "Debian Linux Tutorials and Wiki" +[57]:https://www.debian.org/doc/ +[58]:https://wiki.debian.org/ +[59]:https://www.debian.org/support +[60]:http://swift.siphos.be/linux_sea/ +[61]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/orelly-150x150.png "Oreilly Free Linux / Unix / Php / Javascript / Ubuntu Books" +[62]:http://commons.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php/O%27Reilly_Commons +[63]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/ubuntu-guide-150x150.png "Ubuntu Book For New Users" +[64]:http://ubuntupocketguide.com/ +[65]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/rute-150x150.png "GNU/LINUX system administration free book" +[66]:https://web.archive.org/web/20160204213406/http://rute.2038bug.com/rute.html.gz +[67]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/advanced-linux-programming-150x150.png "Download Advanced Linux Programming PDF version" +[68]:https://github.com/MentorEmbedded/advancedlinuxprogramming +[69]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/lpic-150x150.png "Download Linux Professional Institute Certification PDF Book" +[70]:http://academy.delmar.edu/Courses/ITSC1358/eBooks/LPI-101.LinuxTrainingCourseNotes.pdf +[71]://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/top5-linux-video-editing-system-software/ +[72]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/floss-manuals.png "Download manuals about free and open source software" +[73]:https://flossmanuals.net/ +[74]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/linux-starter-150x150.png "New to Linux? Start Linux starter book [ PDF version ]" +[75]:http://www.tuxradar.com/linuxstarterpack +[76]:https://linux.com +[77]:https://lwn.net/ +[78]:http://hints.macworld.com/ +[79]:https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/navigation/ +[80]:https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/OpenSource/Conceptual/ShellScripting/Introduction/Introduction.html +[81]:https://support.apple.com/kb/index?page=search&locale=en_US&q= +[82]:https://www.netbsd.org/docs/ +[83]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/9479603@N02/3311745151/in/set-72157614479572582/ +[84]:https://twitter.com/nixcraft +[85]:https://facebook.com/nixcraft +[86]:https://plus.google.com/+CybercitiBiz +[87]:https://wiki.centos.org/ +[88]:https://www.centos.org/forums/ +[90]: https://www.freebsd.org/docs.html +[91]: https://forums.freebsd.org/ From 8701e5b6f00ad3973465b992ea86e98eb6096daa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: shangmo Date: Fri, 7 Sep 2018 00:02:40 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 2/8] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=20RHEL=20=E5=AE=98?= =?UTF-8?q?=E6=96=B9=E6=96=87=E6=A1=A3=E6=AE=B5?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... - -BSD - Unix Documentation On the Web.md | 458 ------------------ ... - -BSD - Unix Documentation On the Web.md | 12 +- 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 460 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20111221 30 Best Sources For Linux - -BSD - Unix Documentation On the Web.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20111221 30 Best Sources For Linux - -BSD - Unix Documentation On the Web.md b/sources/tech/20111221 30 Best Sources For Linux - -BSD - Unix Documentation On the Web.md deleted file mode 100644 index ac35f7c596..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20111221 30 Best Sources For Linux - -BSD - Unix Documentation On the Web.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,458 +0,0 @@ -30 Best Sources For Linux / *BSD / Unix Documentation On the Web -====== -Man pages are written by sys-admin and developers for IT techs, and are intended more as a reference than as a how to. Man pages are very useful for people who are already familiar with Linux, Unix, and BSD operating systems. Use man pages when you just need to know the syntax for particular commands or configuration file, but they are not helpful for new Linux users. Man pages are not good for learning something new for the first time. Here are thirty best documentation sites on the web for learning Linux and Unix like operating systems. - -![Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson working with UNIX PDP11][1] - -Please note that BSD manpages are usually better as compare to Linux. - -## #1: Red Hat Enterprise Linux - -![Red hat Enterprise Linux Docs][2] - -RHEL is developed by Red Hat and targeted toward the commercial market. It has one of the best documentations covering basis of RHEL to advanced topics like security, SELinux, virtualization, directory server, clustering, JBOSS, HPC, and much more. Red Hat documentation has been translated into twenty-two languages and is available in multi-page HTML, single-page HTML, PDF, and EPUB formats. The good news is you can use the same documentation for CentOS or Scientific Linux (community enterprise distros). All of these documents ship with the OS, so if you don't have a network connection, then you have them there as well. The RHEL docs **covers everything from installation to configuring clusters**. The only downside is you need to be a paid customer. This is perfect for an enterprise company. - - 1. RHEL Documentation: [in HTML/PDF format][3] - 2. Support forums: Only available to Red Hat customer portal to submit a support case. - - - -### A Note About CentOS Wiki and Forums - -![Centos Linux Wiki][4] - -CentOS (Community ENTerprise Operating System) is a free rebuild of source packages freely available from a RHEL. It provides truly reliable, free enterprise Linux for personal and other usage. You will get RHEL stability without the cost of certification and support. CentOS wiki divided into Howtos, Tips & Tricks, and much more at the following locations: - - 1. [Documentation Wiki][87] - 2. [Support forum][88] - -## #2: Arch Wiki and Forums - -![Arch Linux wiki and tutorials][5] - -Arch Linux is an independently developed, Linux operating system and it comes with pretty good documentation in form of wiki based site. It is developed collaboratively by a community of Arch users, allowing any user to add and edit content. The articles are divided into various categories like [networking][6], optimization, package management, system administration, X window system, and getting & installing Arch Linux. The official [forums][7] are useful for solving many issues. It has total 40k+ registered users with over 1 million posts. The wiki contains some **general information that can also apply in other Linux distros**. - - 1. Arch community Documentation: [Wiki format][8] - 2. Support forums: [Yes][7] - - - -## #3: Gentoo Linux Wiki and Forums - -![Gentoo Linux Handbook and Wiki][9] - -Gentoo Linux is based on the Portage package management system. The Gentoo user compiles the source code locally according to their chosen configuration. The majority of users have configurations and sets of installed programs which are unique to themselves. The Gentoo give you some explanation about the Gentoo Linux and answer most of your questions regarding installations, packages, networking, and much more. Gentoo has **very helpful forum** with over one hundred thirty-four thousand plus users who have posted a total of 5442416 articles. - - 1. Gentoo community documentation: [Handbook][10] and [Wiki format][11] - 2. Support forums: [Yes][12] - 3. User-supplied documentation available at [gentoo-wiki.com][13] - - - -## #4: Ubuntu Wiki and Documentation - -Ubuntu is one of the leading desktop and laptop distro. The official documentation developed and maintained by the Ubuntu Documentation Project. You can access a wealth of information including a getting started Guide. The best part is information contained herein may also work with other Debian-based systems. You will also find the community documentation for Ubuntu created by its users. This is a reference for Ubuntu-related 'Howtos, Tips, Tricks, and Hacks'. Ubuntu Linux has one of the biggest Linux communities on the web. It offers help to the both new and experienced users. - -![Ubuntu Linux Wiki and Forums][14] - - 1. Ubuntu community documentation: [wiki format][15]. - 2. Ubuntu official documentation: [wiki format][16]. - 3. Support forums: [Yes][17]. - - - -## #5: IBM Developer Works - -IBM developer works offers technical resources for Linux programmers and system administrators. It contains hundreds of articles, tutorials, and tips to help developers with Linux programming and application development, as well as Linux system administration. - -![IBM: Technical for Linux programmers and system administrators][18] - - 1. IBM Developer Works Documentation: [HTML format][19] - 2. Support forums: [Yes][20]. - - - -## #6: FreeBSD Documentation and Handbook - -The FreeBSD handbook is created by the FreeBSD Documentation Project. It describes the installation, administration and day-to-day use of the FreeBSD OS. BSD manpages are usually better as compare to GNU/Linux man pages. The FreeBSD **comes with all the documents** with upto date man pages. The FreeBSD Handbook **covers everything**. The handbook contains some general Unix information that can also apply in other Linux distros. The official FreeBSD forums also provides helps whenever you will get stuck with problems. - -![Freebsd Documentation][21] - - 1. FreeBSD Documentation: [HTML/PDF format][90] - 2. Support forums: [Yes][91]. - - -## #7: Bash Hackers Wiki - -![Bash hackers wiki for bash users][22] -This is an excellent resource for bash user. The bash hackers wiki is intended to hold documentations of any kind about the GNU Bash. The main motivation was to provide human-readable documentation and information to not force users to read every bit of the Bash manpage - which is hard sometimes. The wiki is divided into various sections such as - scripting and general information, howtos, coding style, bash syntax, and much more. - - 1. Bash hackers [wiki][23] in wiki format - - - -## #8: Bash FAQ - -![Bash FAQ: Answers to frequently asked questions about GNU/BASH][24] -A wiki designed for new bash users. It has good collections to frequently asked questions on channel #bash on the freenode IRC network. These answers are contributed by the regular members of the channel. Don't forget to check out common mistakes made by Bash programmers, in [BashPitfalls][25] section. The answers given in this FAQ may be slanted toward Bash, or they may be slanted toward the lowest common denominator Bourne shell, depending on who wrote the answer. In most cases, an effort is made to provide both a portable (Bourne) and an efficient (Bash, where appropriate) answer. - - 1. Bash FAQ [in wiki ][26] format. - - - -## #9: Howtoforge - Linux Tutorials - -![Howtoforge][27] - -Fellow blogger Falko has some great stuff over at How-To Forge. The site provides Linux tutorials about various topic including its famous "The Perfect Server" series. The site is divided into various topics such as web-server, Linux distros, DNS servers, Virtualization, High-availability, Email and anti-spam, FTP servers, programming topics, and much more. The site is also available in German language. - - 1. Howtoforge [in html][28] format. - 2. Support forums: Yes - - - -## #10: OpenBSD FAQ and Documentation - -![OpenBSD Documenation][29] - -OpenBSD is another Unix-like computer operating system based on Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD). It was forked from NetBSD by project. The OpenBSD is well known for the **quality code, documentation** , uncompromising position on software licensing, with strong focus on security. The documenation is divided into various topics such as - installations, package management, firewall setup, user management, networking, disk / RAID management and much more. - - 1. OpenBSD [in html][30] format. - 2. Support forums: No, but [mail lists][31] are available. - - - -## #11: Calomel - Open Source Research and Reference - -This amazing site dedicated to documenting open source software, and programs with special focus on OpenBSD. This is one of the cleanest and easy to to navigate website, with focus on the quality content. The site is divided into various server topic such as DNS, OpeBSD, security, web-server, Samba file server, various tools, and much more. - -![Open Source Research and Reference Documentation][32] - - 1. Calomel Org [in html][33] format. - 2. Support forums: No - - - -## #12: Slackware Book Project - -![Slackware Linux Book and Documentation ][34] -Slackware Linux was my first distro. It was one of the earliest distro based on the Linux kernel and is the oldest currently being maintained. The distro is targeted towards power users with strong focus on stability. Slackware is one of few the most "Unix-like" Linux distribution. The official slackware book is designed to get you started with the Slackware Linux operating system. It's not meant to cover every single aspect of the distribution, but rather to show what it is capable of and give you a basic working knowledge of the system. The book is divided into various topics such as Installation, Network & System Configuration, System administration, Package management, and much more. - - 1. Slackware [Linux books in html][35], pdf, and other format. - 2. Support forums: Yes - - - -## #13: The Linux Documentation Project (TLDP) - -![Linux Learning Site and Documentation ][36] - -The Linux Documentation Project is working towards developing free, high quality documentation for the Linux operating system. The site is created and maintained by volunteers. The site is divided into subject-specific help, longer and in-depth guide books, and much more. I recommend [this document][37] which is both a tutorial and a reference on shell scripting with Bash. The [single list][38] of HOWTOs is also a good starting point for new users. - - 1. The Linux [documentation project][39] available in multiple formats. - 2. Support forums: No - - - -## #14: Linux Home Networking - -![Linux Home Networking ][40] - -Linux home networking is another good resource for learning Linux. This site covers topics needed for Linux software certification exams, such as the RHCE, and many computer training courses. The site is divided into various topics such as networking, samba file server, wirless networking, web-server, and much more. - - 1. Linux [home networking][41] available in html and PDF (with small fee) formats. - 2. Support forums: Yes - - - -## #15: Linux Action Show - -![Linux Podcast ][42] - -Linux Action Show ("LAS") is a podcast about Linux. The show is hosted by Bryan Lunduke, Allan Jude, and Chris Fisher. It covers the latest news in the FOSS world. The show reviews various apps and Linux distros. Sometime an interview with a major personal in the open source world is posted on the show. - - 1. Linux [action show][43] available in audio/video format. - 2. Support forums: Yes - - - -## #16: Commandlinefu - -Commandlinefu lists various shell commands that you may find interesting and useful. All commands can be commented on, discussed and voted up or down. Ths is an awesome resource for all Unix command line users. Don't forget to checkout all [top voted][44] commands here. - -![The best Unix / Linux Commands By Commandlinefu][45] - - 1. [Commandlinefu][46] available in html format. - 2. Support forums: No - - - -## #17: Debian Administration Tips and Resources - -This site covers topics, tips, and tutorial only related to Debian GNU/Linux. It contain interesting and useful information related to the System Administration. You can contribute an article, tip, or question here. Don't forget to checkout [top articles][47] posted in the hall of fame section. -![Debian Linux Adminstration: Tips and Tutorial For Sys Admin][48] - - 1. Debian [administration][49] available in html format. - 2. Support forums: No - - - -## #18: Catonmat - Sed, Awk, Perl Tutorials - -![Sed, Awk, Perl Tutorials][50] - -This site run by a fellow blogger Peteris Krumins. The main focus is on command line and Unix programming topics such as sed, perl, awk, and others. Don't forget to check out [introduction to sed][51], sed [one liner][52] explained, the definitive [guide][53] to Bash Command line history, and [awk][54] liner explained. - - 1. [catonmat][55] available in html format. - 2. Support forums: No - - - -## #19: Debian GNU/Linux Documentation and Wiki - -![Debian Linux Tutorials and Wiki][56] - -Debian is another Linux based operating system that primarily uses software released under the GNU General Public. Debian is well known for strict adherence to the philosophies of Unix and free software. It is also one of popular and influential Linux distribution. It is also used as a base for many other distributions such as Ubuntu and others. The Debian project provides its users with proper documentation in an easily accessible form. The site is divided into wiki, installation guide, faqs, and support forum. - - 1. Debian GNU/Linux [documentation][57] available in html and other format. - 2. Debian GNU/Linux [wiki][58] - 3. Support forums: [Yes][59] - - - -## #20: Linux Sea - -The book "Linux Sea" offers a gentle yet technical (from end-user perspective) introduction to the Linux operating system, using Gentoo Linux as the example Linux distribution. It does not nor will it ever talk about the history of the Linux kernel or Linux distributions or dive into details that are less interesting for Linux users. - - 1. Linux [sea][60] available in html format. - 2. Support forums: No - - - -## #21: Oreilly Commons - -![Oreilly Free Linux / Unix / Php / Javascript / Ubuntu Books][61] - -The oreilly publishing house has posted quite a few titles in wiki format for all. The purpose of this site is to provide content to communities that would like to create, reference, use, modify, update and revise material from O'Reilly or other sources. The site includes books about Ubuntu, Php, Spamassassin, Linux, and much more all for free. - - 1. Oreilly [commons][62] available in wiki format. - 2. Support forums: No - - - -## #22: Ubuntu Pocket Guide - -![Ubuntu Book For New Users][63] - -This book is written by Keir Thomas. This guide/book is a good read for everyday Ubuntu user. The purpose of this book is to introduce you to the Ubuntu operating system, and the philosophy that underpins it. You can download a pdf version from the official site or order a print version using Amazon. - - 1. Ubuntu [pocket guide][64] available in pdf and print formats. - 2. Support forums: No - - - -## #23: Linux: Rute User's Tutorial and Exposition - -![GNU/LINUX system administration book][65] - -This book covers GNU/LINUX system administration, for popular distributions like RedHat and Debian, as a tutorial for new users and a reference for advanced administrators. It aims to give concise, thorough explanations and practical examples of each aspect of a UNIX system. Anyone who wants a comprehensive text on (what is commercially called) LINUX need look no further-there is little that is not covered here. - - 1. Linux: [Rute User's Tutorial and Exposition][66] available in print and html formats. - 2. Support forums: No - - - -## #24: Advanced Linux Programming - -![Advanced Linux Programming][67] - -This book is intended for the programmer already familiar with the C programming language. It take a tutorial approach and teach the most important concepts and power features of the GNU/Linux system in application programs. If you're a developer already experienced with programming for the GNU/Linux system, are experienced with another UNIX-like system and are interested in developing GNU/Linux software, or want to make the transition for a non-UNIX environment and are already familiar with the general principles of writing good software, this book is for you. In addition, you will find that this book is equally applicable to C and C++ programming. - - 1. Advanced [Linux programming][68] available in print and pdf formats. - 2. Support forums: No - - - -## #25: LPI 101 Course Notes - -![Linux Professional Institute Certification Books][69] - -LPIC-1/2/3 levels are certification for Linux administrators. This site provides training manuals for LPI 101 and 102 exams. These are licenced under the GNU Free Documentation Licence (FDL). This course material is based on the objectives for the Linux Professionals Institutea€™s LPI 101 and 102 examination. The course is intended to provide you with the skills required for operating and administering Linux systems. - - 1. Download LPI [training manuals][70] in pdf format. - 2. Support forums: No - - - -## #26: FOSS Manuals - -FLOSS Manuals is a collection of manuals about free and open source software together with the tools used to create them and the community that uses those tools. They include authors, editors, artists, software developers, activists, and many others. There are manuals that explain how to install and use a range of free and open source softwares, about how to do things (like design or stay safe online) with open source software, and manuals about free culture services that use or support free software and formats. You will find manuals about software such as VLC, [Linux video editing][71], Linux, OLPC / SUGAR, GRAPHICS, and much more. - -![FLOSS Manuals is a collection of manuals about free and open source software][72] - - 1. You can browse [FOSS manuals][73] in wiki format. - 2. Support forums: No - - - -## #27: Linux Starter Pack - -![The Linux Starter Pack][74] - -New to the wonderful world of Linux? Looking for an easy way to get started? You can download 130-page guide and get to grips with the OS. This will show you how to install Linux onto your PC, navigate around the desktop, master the most popular Linux programs and fix any problems that may arise. - - 1. Download [Linux starter][75] pack in pdf format. - 2. Support forums: No - - - -## #28: Linux.com - The Source of Linux Info - -Linux.com is a product of the Linux Foundation. The side provides news, guides, tutorials and other information about Linux by harnessing the power of Linux users worldwide to inform, collaborate and connect on all matters Linux. - - 1. Visit [Linux.com][76] online. - 2. Support forums: Yes - - - -## #29: LWN - -LWN is a site with an emphasis on free software and software for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. It consists of a weekly issue, separate stories which are published most days, and threaded discussion attached to every story. The site provide comprehensive coverage of development, legal, commercial, and security issues related to Linux and FOSS. - - 1. Visit [lwn.net][77] online. - 2. Support forums: No - - - -## #30: Mac OS X Related sites - -A quick links to Max OS X related sites: - - * [Mac OS X Hints][78] - This site is dedicated to the Apple's Mac OS X unix operating systems. It has tons of tips, tricks and tutorial about Bash, and OS X - * [Mac OS development library][79] - Apple has good collection related to OS X development. Don't forget to checkout [bash shell scripting primer][80]. - * [Apple kbase][81] - This is like RHN kbase. It provides guides and troublshooting tips for all apple products including OS X. - - - -## #30: NetBSD - -NetBSD is another free open source operating system based upon the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) Unix operating system. The NetBSD project is primarily focused on high quality design, stability and performance of the system. Due to its portability and Berkeley-style license, NetBSD is often used in embedded systems. This site provides links to the official NetBSD documentation and also links to various external documents. - - 1. View [netbsd][82] documentation online in html / pdf format. - 2. Support forums: No - - - -## Your Turn: - -This is my personal list and it is not absolutely definitive, so if you've got your own favorite Unix/Linux specific site, share in the comments below. - -// Image credit: [Flickr photo][83] by PanelSwitchman. Some links are suggested by user on our facebook fan page. - -// For those who celebrate, Merry Christmas! For everyone else, enjoy the weekend. - -## About the author - -The author is the creator of nixCraft and a seasoned sysadmin and a trainer for the Linux operating system/Unix shell scripting. He has worked with global clients and in various industries, including IT, education, defense and space research, and the nonprofit sector. Follow him on [Twitter][84], [Facebook][85], [Google+][86]. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-unix-bsd-documentations.html - -作者：[Vivek Gite][a] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]:https://www.cyberciti.biz -[1]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/unix-pdp11.jpg (Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson working with UNIX PDP11) -[2]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/redhat-enterprise-linux-docs-150x150.png (Red hat Enterprise Linux Docs) -[3]:https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/ -[4]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/centos-linux-wiki-150x150.png (Centos Linux Wiki, Support, Documents) -[5]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/arch-linux-wiki-150x150.png (Arch Linux wiki and tutorials ) -[6]:https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Category:Networking_%28English%29 -[7]:https://bbs.archlinux.org/ -[8]:https://wiki.archlinux.org/ -[9]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/gentoo-linux-wiki1-150x150.png (Gentoo Linux Handbook and Wiki) -[10]:http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/ -[11]:https://wiki.gentoo.org -[12]:https://forums.gentoo.org/ -[13]:http://gentoo-wiki.com -[14]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/ubuntu-linux-wiki.png (Ubuntu Linux Wiki and Forums) -[15]:https://help.ubuntu.com/community -[16]:https://help.ubuntu.com/ -[17]:https://ubuntuforums.org/ -[18]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/ibm-devel.png (IBM: Technical for Linux programmers and system administrators) -[19]:https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/learn/linux/index.html -[20]:https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/community/forums/html/public?lang=en -[21]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/freebsd-docs.png (Freebsd Documentation) -[22]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/bash-hackers-wiki-150x150.png (Bash hackers wiki for bash users) -[23]:http://wiki.bash-hackers.org/doku.php -[24]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/bash-faq-150x150.png (Bash FAQ: Answers to frequently asked questions about GNU/BASH) -[25]:http://mywiki.wooledge.org/BashPitfalls -[26]:https://mywiki.wooledge.org/BashFAQ -[27]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/howtoforge-150x150.png (Howtoforge tutorials) -[28]:https://howtoforge.com/ -[29]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/openbsd-faq-150x150.png (OpenBSD Documenation) -[30]:https://www.openbsd.org/faq/index.html -[31]:https://www.openbsd.org/mail.html -[32]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/calomel_org.png (Open Source Research and Reference Documentation) -[33]:https://calomel.org -[34]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/slackware-linux-book-150x150.png (Slackware Linux Book and Documentation ) -[35]:http://www.slackbook.org/ -[36]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/tldp-150x150.png (Linux Learning Site and Documentation ) -[37]:http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/index.html -[38]:http://tldp.org/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX/howtos.html -[39]:http://tldp.org/ -[40]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/linuxhomenetworking-150x150.png (Linux Home Networking ) -[41]:http://www.linuxhomenetworking.com/ -[42]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/linux-action-show-150x150.png (Linux Podcast ) -[43]:http://www.jupiterbroadcasting.com/show/linuxactionshow/ -[44]:https://www.commandlinefu.com/commands/browse/sort-by-votes -[45]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/commandlinefu.png (The best Unix / Linux Commands ) -[46]:https://commandlinefu.com/ -[47]:https://www.debian-administration.org/hof -[48]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/debian-admin.png (Debian Linux Adminstration: Tips and Tutorial For Sys Admin) -[49]:https://www.debian-administration.org/ -[50]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/catonmat-150x150.png (Sed, Awk, Perl Tutorials) -[51]:http://www.catonmat.net/blog/worlds-best-introduction-to-sed/ -[52]:https://www.catonmat.net/blog/sed-one-liners-explained-part-one/ -[53]:https://www.catonmat.net/blog/the-definitive-guide-to-bash-command-line-history/ -[54]:https://www.catonmat.net/blog/awk-one-liners-explained-part-one/ -[55]:https://catonmat.net/ -[56]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/debian-wiki-150x150.png (Debian Linux Tutorials and Wiki) -[57]:https://www.debian.org/doc/ -[58]:https://wiki.debian.org/ -[59]:https://www.debian.org/support -[60]:http://swift.siphos.be/linux_sea/ -[61]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/orelly-150x150.png (Oreilly Free Linux / Unix / Php / Javascript / Ubuntu Books) -[62]:http://commons.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php/O%27Reilly_Commons -[63]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/ubuntu-guide-150x150.png (Ubuntu Book For New Users) -[64]:http://ubuntupocketguide.com/ -[65]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/rute-150x150.png (GNU/LINUX system administration free book) -[66]:https://web.archive.org/web/20160204213406/http://rute.2038bug.com/rute.html.gz -[67]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/advanced-linux-programming-150x150.png (Download Advanced Linux Programming PDF version) -[68]:https://github.com/MentorEmbedded/advancedlinuxprogramming -[69]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/lpic-150x150.png (Download Linux Professional Institute Certification PDF Book) -[70]:http://academy.delmar.edu/Courses/ITSC1358/eBooks/LPI-101.LinuxTrainingCourseNotes.pdf -[71]://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/top5-linux-video-editing-system-software/ -[72]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/floss-manuals.png (Download manuals about free and open source software) -[73]:https://flossmanuals.net/ -[74]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2011/12/linux-starter-150x150.png (New to Linux? Start Linux starter book [ PDF version ]) -[75]:http://www.tuxradar.com/linuxstarterpack -[76]:https://linux.com -[77]:https://lwn.net/ -[78]:http://hints.macworld.com/ -[79]:https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/navigation/ -[80]:https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/OpenSource/Conceptual/ShellScripting/Introduction/Introduction.html -[81]:https://support.apple.com/kb/index?page=search&locale=en_US&q= -[82]:https://www.netbsd.org/docs/ -[83]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/9479603@N02/3311745151/in/set-72157614479572582/ -[84]:https://twitter.com/nixcraft -[85]:https://facebook.com/nixcraft -[86]:https://plus.google.com/+CybercitiBiz -[87]:https://wiki.centos.org/ -[88]:https://www.centos.org/forums/ -[90]: https://www.freebsd.org/docs.html -[91]: https://forums.freebsd.org/ diff --git a/translated/tech/20111221 30 Best Sources For Linux - -BSD - Unix Documentation On the Web.md b/translated/tech/20111221 30 Best Sources For Linux - -BSD - Unix Documentation On the Web.md index 349973bec0..f12810e602 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20111221 30 Best Sources For Linux - -BSD - Unix Documentation On the Web.md +++ b/translated/tech/20111221 30 Best Sources For Linux - -BSD - Unix Documentation On the Web.md @@ -11,18 +11,26 @@ Man pages are written by sys-admin and developers for IT techs, and are intended more as a reference than as a how to. Man pages are very useful for people who are already familiar with Linux, Unix, and BSD operating systems. Use man pages when you just need to know the syntax for particular commands or configuration file, but they are not helpful for new Linux users. Man pages are not good for learning something new for the first time. Here are thirty best documentation sites on the web for learning Linux and Unix like operating systems. +首先我要说 Man 手册是为系统管理员和开发人员编写的，多数时间它是用来查询信息，而不是用于学习。Man 手册对于熟悉 Linux , Unix , BSD 系统操作的人来说非常有用。当您只需要知道特定命令或配置文件的语法时，请使用 Man 手册，但它们对新 Linux 用户没有帮助。 手册页不适合第一次学习新东西。 这里有三十个最好的文档站点，用于学习 Linux 和 Unix 之类的操作系统。 + ![Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson working with UNIX PDP11][1] Please note that BSD manpages are usually better as compare to Linux. +请注意 BSD 的 Man 手册比 Linux 的更好一些。 + ## #1: Red Hat Enterprise Linux ![Red hat Enterprise Linux Docs][2] RHEL is developed by Red Hat and targeted toward the commercial market. It has one of the best documentations covering basis of RHEL to advanced topics like security, SELinux, virtualization, directory server, clustering, JBOSS, HPC, and much more. Red Hat documentation has been translated into twenty-two languages and is available in multi-page HTML, single-page HTML, PDF, and EPUB formats. The good news is you can use the same documentation for CentOS or Scientific Linux (community enterprise distros). All of these documents ship with the OS, so if you don't have a network connection, then you have them there as well. The RHEL docs **covers everything from installation to configuring clusters**. The only downside is you need to be a paid customer. This is perfect for an enterprise company. - 1. RHEL Documentation: [in HTML/PDF format][3] - 2. Support forums: Only available to Red Hat customer portal to submit a support case. +RHEL 由 Red Hat 开发，面向商业市场的 Linux 发行版。 它有一个最好的文档，涵盖 RHEL 的基础，如安全性，SELinux，虚拟化，目录服务器，集群，JBOSS ，HPC 等高级主题。 Red Hat 文档已被翻译成二十二种语言，并提供多页 HTML，单页 HTML ，PDF 和 EPUB 格式。 好消息是您可以使用 CentOS 或 Scientific Linux（社区企业发行版）的相同文档。 所有这些文件都附带在操作系统里，因此如果您没有网络连接，那么您也可以使用它们。 RHEL文档涵盖从安装到配置集群的所有内容。 唯一的缺点是你需要成为付费客户。 这对于企业公司来说是完美的。 + + 1. RHEL Documentation: [in HTML/PDF format][3] + 2. RHEL 官方文档连接：[in HTML/PDF format][3] + 3. Support forums: Only available to Red Hat customer portal to submit a support case. + 4. 技术支持论坛：仅适用于 Red Hat 客户提交报告使用 From 3161e73b701489d232adc2fd1936032e55d10066 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Fri, 7 Sep 2018 09:14:16 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 3/8] translating --- .../20180905 Find your systems easily on a LAN with mDNS.md | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/sources/tech/20180905 Find your systems easily on a LAN with mDNS.md b/sources/tech/20180905 Find your systems easily on a LAN with mDNS.md index ca21d2b66b..40da04358e 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20180905 Find your systems easily on a LAN with mDNS.md +++ b/sources/tech/20180905 Find your systems easily on a LAN with mDNS.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +translating---geekpi + Find your systems easily on a LAN with mDNS ====== From 7b91f799ba918f1c083ac7f721c93107fc8660c1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: sober-wang Date: Fri, 7 Sep 2018 10:42:22 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 4/8] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=94=B3=E8=AF=B7=20pr?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...nux - -BSD - Unix Documentation On the Web.md | 16 +++------------- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-) rename {translated => sources}/tech/20111221 30 Best Sources For Linux - -BSD - Unix Documentation On the Web.md (94%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20111221 30 Best Sources For Linux - -BSD - Unix Documentation On the Web.md b/sources/tech/20111221 30 Best Sources For Linux - -BSD - Unix Documentation On the Web.md similarity index 94% rename from translated/tech/20111221 30 Best Sources For Linux - -BSD - Unix Documentation On the Web.md rename to sources/tech/20111221 30 Best Sources For Linux - -BSD - Unix Documentation On the Web.md index f12810e602..81e3acacdb 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20111221 30 Best Sources For Linux - -BSD - Unix Documentation On the Web.md +++ b/sources/tech/20111221 30 Best Sources For Linux - -BSD - Unix Documentation On the Web.md @@ -2,35 +2,25 @@ -30 Best Sources For Linux / *BSD / Unix Documentation On the Web +30 Best Sources For Linux / *BSD / Unix Documentation On the We ====== -# 30 个最佳的 Linux / *BSD / Unix 在线文档 - Man pages are written by sys-admin and developers for IT techs, and are intended more as a reference than as a how to. Man pages are very useful for people who are already familiar with Linux, Unix, and BSD operating systems. Use man pages when you just need to know the syntax for particular commands or configuration file, but they are not helpful for new Linux users. Man pages are not good for learning something new for the first time. Here are thirty best documentation sites on the web for learning Linux and Unix like operating systems. -首先我要说 Man 手册是为系统管理员和开发人员编写的，多数时间它是用来查询信息，而不是用于学习。Man 手册对于熟悉 Linux , Unix , BSD 系统操作的人来说非常有用。当您只需要知道特定命令或配置文件的语法时，请使用 Man 手册，但它们对新 Linux 用户没有帮助。 手册页不适合第一次学习新东西。 这里有三十个最好的文档站点，用于学习 Linux 和 Unix 之类的操作系统。 - ![Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson working with UNIX PDP11][1] Please note that BSD manpages are usually better as compare to Linux. -请注意 BSD 的 Man 手册比 Linux 的更好一些。 - ## #1: Red Hat Enterprise Linux ![Red hat Enterprise Linux Docs][2] RHEL is developed by Red Hat and targeted toward the commercial market. It has one of the best documentations covering basis of RHEL to advanced topics like security, SELinux, virtualization, directory server, clustering, JBOSS, HPC, and much more. Red Hat documentation has been translated into twenty-two languages and is available in multi-page HTML, single-page HTML, PDF, and EPUB formats. The good news is you can use the same documentation for CentOS or Scientific Linux (community enterprise distros). All of these documents ship with the OS, so if you don't have a network connection, then you have them there as well. The RHEL docs **covers everything from installation to configuring clusters**. The only downside is you need to be a paid customer. This is perfect for an enterprise company. -RHEL 由 Red Hat 开发，面向商业市场的 Linux 发行版。 它有一个最好的文档，涵盖 RHEL 的基础，如安全性，SELinux，虚拟化，目录服务器，集群，JBOSS ，HPC 等高级主题。 Red Hat 文档已被翻译成二十二种语言，并提供多页 HTML，单页 HTML ，PDF 和 EPUB 格式。 好消息是您可以使用 CentOS 或 Scientific Linux（社区企业发行版）的相同文档。 所有这些文件都附带在操作系统里，因此如果您没有网络连接，那么您也可以使用它们。 RHEL文档涵盖从安装到配置集群的所有内容。 唯一的缺点是你需要成为付费客户。 这对于企业公司来说是完美的。 - 1. RHEL Documentation: [in HTML/PDF format][3] - 2. RHEL 官方文档连接：[in HTML/PDF format][3] - 3. Support forums: Only available to Red Hat customer portal to submit a support case. - 4. 技术支持论坛：仅适用于 Red Hat 客户提交报告使用 + 2. Support forums: Only available to Red Hat customer portal to submit a support case. @@ -463,7 +453,7 @@ via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-unix-bsd-documentations.html [78]:http://hints.macworld.com/ [79]:https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/navigation/ [80]:https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/OpenSource/Conceptual/ShellScripting/Introduction/Introduction.html -[81]:https://support.apple.com/kb/index?page=search&locale=en_US&q= +[81]:https://support.apple.com/kb/index?page=search&locale=en_US&q= [82]:https://www.netbsd.org/docs/ [83]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/9479603@N02/3311745151/in/set-72157614479572582/ [84]:https://twitter.com/nixcraft From 3e48ea7e365cd29f749face8d7f822df41ec0f17 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: darksun Date: Fri, 7 Sep 2018 11:13:50 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 5/8] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98:=20Two=20open=20source?= =?UTF-8?q?=20alternatives=20to=20Flash=20Player?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...pen source alternatives to Flash Player.md | 56 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 56 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20180906 Two open source alternatives to Flash Player.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20180906 Two open source alternatives to Flash Player.md b/sources/tech/20180906 Two open source alternatives to Flash Player.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c128c484e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20180906 Two open source alternatives to Flash Player.md @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +Two open source alternatives to Flash Player +====== + +![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/bulb-light-energy-power-idea.png?itok=zTEEmTZB) + +In July 2017, Adobe sounded the [death knell][1] for its Flash Media Player, announcing it would end support for the once-ubiquitous online video player in 2020. In truth, however, Flash has been on the decline for the past eight years following a rash of zero-day attacks that damaged its reputation. Its future dimmed after Apple announced in 2010 it would not support the technology, and its demise accelerated in 2016 after Google stopped enabling Flash by default (in favor of HTML5) in the Chrome browser. + +Even so, Adobe is still issuing monthly updates for the software, which has slipped from being used on 28.5% of all websites in 2011 to [only 4.4.%][2] as of August 2018. More evidence of Flash’s decline: Google director of engineering [Parisa Tabriz said][3] the number of Chrome users who access Flash content via the browser has declined from 80% in 2014 to under eight percent in 2018. + +Although few* video creators are publishing in Flash format today, there are still a lot of Flash videos out there that people will want to access for years to come. Given that the official application’s days are numbered, open source software creators have a great opportunity to step in with alternatives to Adobe Flash Media Player. Two of those applications are Lightspark and GNU Gnash. Neither are perfect substitutions, but help from willing contributors could make them viable alternatives. + +### Lightspark + +[Lightspark][4] is a Flash Player alternative for Linux machines. While it’s still in alpha, development has accelerated since Adobe announced it would sunset Flash in 2017. According to its website, Lightspark implements about 60% of the Flash APIs and [works][5] on many leading websites including BBC News, Google Play Music, and Amazon Music. + +Lightspark is written in C++/C and licensed under [LGPLv3][6]. The project lists 41 contributors and is actively soliciting bug reports and other contributions. For more information, check out its [GitHub repository][5]. + +### GNU Gnash + +[GNU Gnash][7] is a Flash Player for GNU/Linux operating systems including Ubuntu, Fedora, and Debian. It works as standalone software and as a plugin for the Firefox and Konqueror browsers. + +Gnash’s main drawback is that it doesn’t support the latest versions of Flash files—it supports most Flash SWF v7 features, some v8 and v9 features, and offers no support for v10 files. It’s in beta release, and since it’s licensed under the [GNU GPLv3 or later][8], you can help contribute to modernizing it. Access its [project page][9] for more information. + +### Want to create Flash? + +*Just because most people aren't publishing Flash videos these days, that doesn't mean there will never, ever be a need to create SWF files. If you find yourself in that position, these two open source tools might help: + + * [Motion-Twin ActionScript 2 Compiler][10] (MTASC): A command-line compiler that can generate SWF files without Adobe Animate (the current iteration of Adobe's video-creator software). + * [Ming][11]: A library written in C that can generate SWF files. It also contains some [utilities][12] you can use to work with Flash files. + + + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/alternatives/flash-media-player + +作者：[Opensource.com][a] +选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com +[1]: https://theblog.adobe.com/adobe-flash-update/ +[2]: https://w3techs.com/technologies/details/cp-flash/all/all +[3]: https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/google-chrome-flash-usage-declines-from-80-percent-in-2014-to-under-8-percent-today/ +[4]: http://lightspark.github.io/ +[5]: https://github.com/lightspark/lightspark/wiki/Site-Support +[6]: https://github.com/lightspark/lightspark/blob/master/COPYING +[7]: https://www.gnu.org/software/gnash/ +[8]: http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html +[9]: http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/gnash/ +[10]: http://tech.motion-twin.com/mtasc.html +[11]: http://www.libming.org/ +[12]: http://www.libming.org/WhatsIncluded From 2913c2f38e049f55cdae3ce22b400dfed1d5e471 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: darksun Date: Fri, 7 Sep 2018 11:20:14 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 6/8] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98:=203=20top=20open=20sour?= =?UTF-8?q?ce=20JavaScript=20chart=20libraries?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... open source JavaScript chart libraries.md | 246 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 246 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20180906 3 top open source JavaScript chart libraries.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20180906 3 top open source JavaScript chart libraries.md b/sources/tech/20180906 3 top open source JavaScript chart libraries.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..096d7ce5e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20180906 3 top open source JavaScript chart libraries.md @@ -0,0 +1,246 @@ +3 top open source JavaScript chart libraries +====== + +![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/books_library_reading_list_colorful.jpg?itok=jJtnyniB) + +Charts and graphs are important for visualizing data and making websites appealing. Visual presentations make it easier to analyze big chunks of data and convey information. JavaScript chart libraries enable you to visualize data in a stunning, easy to comprehend, and interactive manner and improve your website's design. + +In this article, learn about three top open source JavaScript chart libraries. + +### 1\. Chart.js + +[Chart.js][1] is an open source JavaScript library that allows you to create animated, beautiful, and interactive charts on your application. It's available under the MIT License. + +With Chart.js, you can create various impressive charts and graphs, including bar charts, line charts, area charts, linear scale, and scatter charts. It is completely responsive across various devices and utilizes the HTML5 Canvas element for rendering. + +Here is example code that draws a bar chart using the library. We'll include it in this example using the Chart.js content delivery network (CDN). Note that the data used is for illustration purposes only. +``` + + + +  + + + +    +    + +    +    +    +    + + +``` + +As you can see from this code, bar charts are constructed by setting **type** to **bar**. You can change the direction of the bar to other types—such as setting **type** to **horizontalBar**. + +The bars' colors are set by providing the type of color in the **backgroundColor** array parameter. + +The colors are allocated to the label and data that share the same index in their corresponding array. For example, "Latin America," the second label, will be set to "blue" (the second color) and 4 (the second number in the data). + +Here is the output of this code. + +![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/chartjs-output.png) + +### 2\. Chartist.js + +[Chartist.js][2] is a simple JavaScript animation library that allows you to create customizable and beautiful responsive charts and other designs. The open source library is available under the WTFPL or MIT License. + +The library was developed by a group of developers who were dissatisfied with existing charting tools, so it offers wonderful functionalities to designers and developers. + +After including the Chartist.js library and its CSS files in your project, you can use them to create various types of charts, including animations, bar charts, and line charts. It utilizes SVG to render the charts dynamically. + +Here is an example of code that draws a pie chart using the library. +``` + + + +    +    +    +    +      + + + +   
+ +    + +    + + +``` + +Instead of specifying various style-related components of your project, the Chartist JavaScript library allows you to use various pre-built CSS styles. You can use them to control the appearance of the created charts. + + +For example, the pre-created CSS classis used to build the container for the pie chart. And, theclass is used to get the aspect ratios, which scale with responsive designs and saves you the hassle of calculating fixed dimensions. Chartist also provides other classes of container ratios you can utilize in your project. + +For styling the various pie slices, you can use the default . **ct-series-a** class. The letter **a** is iterated with every series count (a, b, c, etc.) such that it corresponds with the slice to be styled. + +The **Chartist.Pie** method is used for creating a pie chart. To create another type of chart, such as a line chart, use **Chartist.Line.** + +Here is the output of the code. + +![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/chartistjs-output.png) + +### 3\. D3.js + +[D3.js][3] is another great open source JavaScript chart library. It's available under the BSD license. D3 is mainly used for manipulating and adding interactivity to documents based on the provided data. + +You can use this amazing 3D animation library to visualize your data using HTML5, SVG, and CSS and make your website appealing. Essentially, D3 enables you to bind data to the Document Object Model (DOM) and then use data-based functions to make changes to the document. + +Here is example code that draws a simple bar chart using the library. +``` + + + +      +    +      + + + +   
+    +    + +    + + +``` + +The main concept in using the D3 library is to first apply CSS-style selections to point to the DOM nodes and then apply operators to manipulate them—just like in other DOM frameworks like jQuery. + +After the data is bound to a document, the . **enter()** function is invoked to build new nodes for incoming data. All the methods invoked after the . **enter()** function will be called for every item in the data. + +Here is the output of the code. + +![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/d3js-output.png) + +### Wrapping up + +[JavaScript][4] charting libraries provide you with powerful tools for implementing data visualization on your web properties. With these three open source libraries, you can enhance the beauty and interactivity of your websites. + +Do you know of another powerful frontend library for creating JavaScript animation effects? Please let us know in the comment section below. + + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/18/9/open-source-javascript-chart-libraries + +作者：[Dr.Michael J.Garbade][a] +选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/drmjg +[1]: https://www.chartjs.org/ +[2]: https://gionkunz.github.io/chartist-js/ +[3]: https://d3js.org/ +[4]: https://www.liveedu.tv/guides/programming/javascript/ From 29d8fa6ac93a3aa80f6254668ef55e0659edddbd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: darksun Date: Fri, 7 Sep 2018 11:23:50 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 7/8] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98:=20What=20a=20shell=20do?= =?UTF-8?q?tfile=20can=20do=20for=20you?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...906 What a shell dotfile can do for you.md | 238 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 238 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20180906 What a shell dotfile can do for you.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20180906 What a shell dotfile can do for you.md b/sources/tech/20180906 What a shell dotfile can do for you.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..35593e1e32 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20180906 What a shell dotfile can do for you.md @@ -0,0 +1,238 @@ +What a shell dotfile can do for you +====== + +![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/coffee_cafe_brew_laptop_desktop.jpg?itok=G-n1o1-o) + +Ask not what you can do for your shell dotfile, but what a shell dotfile can do for you! + +I've been all over the OS map, but for the past several years my daily drivers have been Macs. For a long time, I used Bash, but when a few friends started proselytizing [zsh][1], I gave it a shot. It didn't take long for me to appreciate it, and several years later, I strongly prefer it for many of the little things that it does. + +I've been using zsh (provided via [Homebrew][2], not the system installed), and the [Oh My Zsh enhancement][3]. + +The examples in this article are for my personal `.zshrc`. Most will work directly in Bash, and I don't believe that any rely on Oh My Zsh, but your mileage may vary. There was a period when I was maintaining a shell dotfile for both zsh and Bash, but I did eventually give up on my `.bashrc`. + +### We're all mad here + +If you want the possibility of using the same dotfile across OS's, you'll want to give your dotfile a little smarts. +``` +### Mac Specifics +if [[ "$OSTYPE" == "darwin"* ]]; then +        # Mac-specific stuff here. +fi +``` + +For instance, I expect the Alt + arrow keys to move the cursor by the word rather than by a single space. To make this happen in [iTerm2][4] (my preferred shell), I add this snippet to the Mac-specific portion of my .zshrc: +``` +### Mac Specifics +if [[ "$OSTYPE" == "darwin"* ]]; then +        ### Mac cursor commands for iTerm2; map ctrl+arrows or alt+arrows to fast-move +        bindkey -e +        bindkey '^[[1;9C' forward-word +        bindkey '^[[1;9D' backward-word +        bindkey '\e\e[D' backward-word +        bindkey '\e\e[C' forward-word +fi +``` + +### What about Bob? + +While I came to love my shell dotfile, I didn't always want the same things available on my home machines as on my work machines. One way to solve this is to have supplementary dotfiles to use at home but not at work. Here's how I accomplished this: +``` +if [[ `egrep 'dnssuffix1|dnssuffix2' /etc/resolv.conf` ]]; then +        if [ -e $HOME/.work ] +                source $HOME/.work +        else +                echo "This looks like a work machine, but I can't find the ~/.work file" +        fi +fi +``` + +In this case, I key off of my work dns suffix (or multiple suffixes, depending on your situation) and source a separate file that makes my life at work a little better. + +### That thing you do + +Now is probably a good time to quit using the tilde (`~`) to represent your home directory when writing scripts. You'll find that there are some contexts where it's not recognized. Getting in the habit of using the environment variable `$HOME` will save you a lot of troubleshooting time and headaches later on. + +The logical extension would be to have OS-specific dotfiles to include if you are so inclined. + +### Memory, all alone in the moonlight + +I've written embarrassing amounts of shell, and I've come to the conclusion that I really don't want to write more. It's not that shell can't do what I need most of the time, but I find that if I'm writing shell, I'm probably slapping together a duct-tape solution rather than permanently solving the problem. + +Likewise, I hate memorizing things, and throughout my career, I have had to do radical context shifting during the course of a day. The practical consequence is that I've had to re-learn many things several times over the years. ("Wait... which for-loop structure does this language use?") + +So, every so often I decide that I'm tired of looking up how to do something again. One way that I improve my life is by adding aliases. + +A common scenario for anyone who works with systems is finding out what's taking up all of the disk. Unfortunately, I have never been able to remember this incantation, so I made a shell alias, creatively called `bigdirs`: +``` +alias bigdirs='du --max-depth=1 2> /dev/null | sort -n -r | head -n20' +``` + +While I could be less lazy and actually memorize it, well, that's just not the Unix way... + +### Typos, and the people who love them + +Another way that using shell aliases improves my life is by saving me from typos. I don't know why, but I've developed this nasty habit of typing a `w` after the sequence `ea`, so if I want to clear my terminal, I'll often type `cleawr`. Unfortunately, that doesn't mean anything to my shell. Until I add this little piece of gold: +``` +alias cleawr='clear' +``` + +In one instance of Windows having an equivalent, but better, command, I find myself typing `cls`. It's frustrating to see your shell throw up its hands, so I add: +``` +alias cls='clear' +``` + +Yes, I'm aware of `ctrl + l`, but I never use it. + +### Amuse yourself + +Work can be stressful. Sometimes you just need to have a little fun. If your shell doesn't know the command that it clearly should just do, maybe you want to shrug your shoulders right back at it! You can do this with a function: +``` +shrug() { echo "¯\_(ツ)_/¯"; } +``` + +If that doesn't work, maybe you need to flip a table: +``` +fliptable() { echo "（╯°□°）╯ ┻━┻"; } # Flip a table. Example usage: fsck -y /dev/sdb1 || fliptable +``` + +Imagine my chagrin and frustration when I needed to flip a desk and I couldn't remember what I had called it. So I added some more shell aliases: +``` +alias flipdesk='fliptable' +alias deskflip='fliptable' +alias tableflip='fliptable' +``` + +And sometimes you need to celebrate: +``` +disco() { +        echo "(•_•)" +        echo "<)   )╯" +        echo " /    \ " +        echo "" +        echo "\(•_•)" +        echo " (   (>" +        echo " /    \ " +        echo "" +        echo " (•_•)" +        echo "<)   )>" +        echo " /    \ " +} +``` + +Typically, I'll pipe the output of these commands to `pbcopy `and paste it into the relevant chat tool I'm using. + +I got this fun function from a Twitter account that I follow called "Command Line Magic:" [@climagic][5]. Since I live in Florida now, I'm very happy that this is the only snow in my life: +``` +snow() { +        clear;while :;do echo $LINES $COLUMNS $(($RANDOM%$COLUMNS));sleep 0.1;done|gawk '{a[$3]=0;for(x in a) {o=a[x];a[x]=a[x]+1;printf "\033[%s;%sH ",o,x;printf "\033[%s;%sH*\033[0;0H",a[x],x;}}' +} + +``` + +### Fun with functions + +We've seen some examples of functions that I use. Since few of these examples require an argument, they could be done as aliases. I use functions out of personal preference when it's more than a single short statement. + +At various times in my career, I've run [Graphite][6], an open-source, scalable, time-series metrics solution. There have been enough instances where I needed to transpose a metric path (delineated with periods) to a filesystem path (delineated with slashes), or vice versa, that it became useful to have dedicated functions for these tasks: +``` +# Useful for converting between Graphite metrics and file paths +function dottoslash() { +        echo $1 | sed 's/\./\//g' +} +function slashtodot() { +        echo $1 | sed 's/\//\./g' +} +``` + +During another time in my career, I was running a lot of Kubernetes. If you aren't familiar with running Kubernetes, you need to write a lot of YAML. Unfortunately, it's not hard to write invalid YAML. Worse, Kubernetes doesn't validate YAML before trying to apply it, so you won't find out it's invalid until you apply it. Unless you validate it first: +``` +function yamllint() { +        for i in $(find . -name '*.yml' -o -name '*.yaml'); do echo $i; ruby -e "require 'yaml';YAML.load_file(\"$i\")"; done +} +``` + +Because I got tired of embarrassing myself and occasionally breaking a customer's setup, I wrote this little snippet and added it as a pre-commit hook to all of my relevant repos. Something similar would be very helpful as part of your continuous integration process, especially if you're working as part of a team. + +### Oh, fingers, where art thou? + +I was once an excellent touch-typist. Those days are long gone. I typo more than I would have believed possible. + +At different times, I have used a fair amount of either Chef or Kubernetes. Fortunately for me, I never used both at the same time. + +Part of the Chef ecosystem is Test Kitchen, a suite of tools that facilitate testing, which is invoked with the commands `kitchen test`. Kubernetes is managed with a CLI tool `kubectl`. Both commands require several subcommands, and neither rolls off the fingers particularly fluidly. + +Rather than create a bunch of "typo aliases," I aliased those commands to `k`: +``` +alias k='kitchen test $@' +``` + +or +``` +alias k='kubectl $@' +``` + +### Timesplitters + +The last half of my career has involved writing more code with other people. I've worked in many environments where we have forked copies of repos on our account and use pull requests as part of the review process. When I want to make sure that my fork of a given repo is up to date with the parent, I use `fetchupstream`: +``` +alias fetchupstream='git fetch upstream && git checkout master && git merge upstream/master && git push' +``` + +### Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of color + +I like color. It can make things like diffs easier to use. +``` +alias diff='colordiff' +``` + +I thought that colorized man pages was a neat trick, so I incorporated this function: +``` +# Colorized man pages, from: +# http://boredzo.org/blog/archives/2016-08-15/colorized-man-pages-understood-and-customized +man() { +        env \ +                LESS_TERMCAP_md=$(printf "\e[1;36m") \ +                LESS_TERMCAP_me=$(printf "\e[0m") \ +                LESS_TERMCAP_se=$(printf "\e[0m") \ +                LESS_TERMCAP_so=$(printf "\e[1;44;33m") \ +                LESS_TERMCAP_ue=$(printf "\e[0m") \ +                LESS_TERMCAP_us=$(printf "\e[1;32m") \ +                man "$@" +} +``` + +I love the command `which`. It simply tells you where in the filesystem the command you're running comes from—unless it's a shell function. After multiple cascading dotfiles, sometimes it's not clear where a function is defined or what it does. It turns out that the `whence` and `type` commands can help with that. +``` +# Where is a function defined? +whichfunc() { +        whence -v $1 +        type -a $1 +} +``` + +### Conclusion + +I hope this article helps and inspires you to find ways to improve your daily shell-using experience. They don't need to be huge, novel, or complex. They might solve a minor but frequent bit of friction, create a shortcut, or even offer a solution to reducing common typos. + +You're welcome to look through my [dotfiles repo][7], but I warn you that it could use a lot of cleaning up. Feel free to use anything that you find helpful, and please be excellent to one another. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/18/9/shell-dotfile + +作者：[H.Waldo Grunenwald][a] +选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/gwaldo +[1]: http://www.zsh.org/ +[2]: https://brew.sh/ +[3]: https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh +[4]: https://www.iterm2.com/ +[5]: https://twitter.com/climagic +[6]: https://github.com/graphite-project/ +[7]: https://github.com/gwaldo/dotfiles From 351adbb0932f211020f89af7b6e0968895630f89 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: feng lv Date: Fri, 7 Sep 2018 12:15:47 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 8/8] ucasFL translating --- ... To Set Up PF Firewall on FreeBSD to Protect a Web Server.md | 2 ++ ...rash-Cli - A Command Line Interface For Trashcan On Linux.md | 2 ++ ...0171202 Scrot Linux command-line screen grabs made simple.md | 2 ++ .../20180324 How To Compress And Decompress Files In Linux.md | 2 ++ .../tech/20180905 8 great Python libraries for side projects.md | 2 ++ 5 files changed, 10 insertions(+) diff --git a/sources/tech/20170829 How To Set Up PF Firewall on FreeBSD to Protect a Web Server.md b/sources/tech/20170829 How To Set Up PF Firewall on FreeBSD to Protect a Web Server.md index 45ce0c0a7a..2f4465a4ac 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20170829 How To Set Up PF Firewall on FreeBSD to Protect a Web Server.md +++ b/sources/tech/20170829 How To Set Up PF Firewall on FreeBSD to Protect a Web Server.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +ucasFL translating + How To Set Up PF Firewall on FreeBSD to Protect a Web Server ====== diff --git a/sources/tech/20171003 Trash-Cli - A Command Line Interface For Trashcan On Linux.md b/sources/tech/20171003 Trash-Cli - A Command Line Interface For Trashcan On Linux.md index 29902a588f..4bb10f4f64 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20171003 Trash-Cli - A Command Line Interface For Trashcan On Linux.md +++ b/sources/tech/20171003 Trash-Cli - A Command Line Interface For Trashcan On Linux.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +ucasFL translating + Trash-Cli : A Command Line Interface For Trashcan On Linux ====== Everyone knows about `Trashcan` which is common for all users like Linux, or Windows, or Mac. Whenever you delete a file or folder, it will be moved to trash. diff --git a/sources/tech/20171202 Scrot Linux command-line screen grabs made simple.md b/sources/tech/20171202 Scrot Linux command-line screen grabs made simple.md index c1f3ee8cf6..f198f1dd65 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20171202 Scrot Linux command-line screen grabs made simple.md +++ b/sources/tech/20171202 Scrot Linux command-line screen grabs made simple.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +ucasFL translating + # Scrot: Linux command-line screen grabs made simple by [Scott Nesbitt][a] · November 30, 2017 diff --git a/sources/tech/20180324 How To Compress And Decompress Files In Linux.md b/sources/tech/20180324 How To Compress And Decompress Files In Linux.md index 8766b9e39b..4989527f13 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20180324 How To Compress And Decompress Files In Linux.md +++ b/sources/tech/20180324 How To Compress And Decompress Files In Linux.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +ucasFL translating + How To Compress And Decompress Files In Linux ====== diff --git a/sources/tech/20180905 8 great Python libraries for side projects.md b/sources/tech/20180905 8 great Python libraries for side projects.md index b901e2c4c7..3623c37c6d 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20180905 8 great Python libraries for side projects.md +++ b/sources/tech/20180905 8 great Python libraries for side projects.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +ucasFL translating + 8 great Python libraries for side projects ======